Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus is an anadromous fish native to the Pacific Northwest of the USA. That has declined substantially over the last 40 years. Effective conservation of this species will require an understanding of the habitat requirements for each life history stage. Because its life cycle contains extended freshwater rearing (3–8 years), the larval stage may be a critical factor limiting abundance of Pacific lamprey. The objective of our study was to estimate the influence of barriers and habitat characteristics on the catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of larval Pacific lamprey in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, USA. We sampled lampreys at multiple locations in wadeable streams throughout the basin in 2011–13 and used an information theoretic approach to examine the relative influence of fine- and large-scale predictors of CPUE. Pacific lamprey was observed across the basin, but its relative abundance appeared to be limited by the presence of natural and artificial barriers in some sub-basins. Lower velocity habitats such as off-channel areas and pools contained higher densities of larval lamprey; mean Pacific lamprey CPUE in off-channel habitats was 4 and 32 times greater than in pools and riffles respectively. Restoration and conservation strategies that improve fish passage, enhance natural hydrologic and depositional processes and increase habitat heterogeneity will likely benefit larval Pacific lamprey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12207","usgsCitation":"Schultz, L., Mayfield, M.P., Sheoships, G.T., Wyss, L.A., Clemens, B.J., Whitlock, S.L., and Schreck, C.B., 2016, Role of large- and fine-scale variables in predicting catch rates of larval Pacific lamprey in the Willamette Basin, Oregon: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 25, no. 2, p. 261-271, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12207.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"271","ipdsId":"IP-056803","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.50280761718751,\n 43.97700467496408\n ],\n [\n -122.01416015625,\n 43.97700467496408\n ],\n [\n -122.01416015625,\n 45.7176863579072\n ],\n [\n -123.50280761718751,\n 45.7176863579072\n ],\n [\n -123.50280761718751,\n 43.97700467496408\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ea50e4b09af898c8cc75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, Luke 0000-0002-6751-4626 lschultz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-4626","contributorId":193171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Luke","email":"lschultz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayfield, Mariah P.","contributorId":200089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayfield","given":"Mariah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheoships, Gabe T.","contributorId":200090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheoships","given":"Gabe","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wyss, Lance A.","contributorId":195114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wyss","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clemens, Benjamin J.","contributorId":195098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clemens","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whitlock, Steven L.","contributorId":171705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitlock","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70178035,"text":"70178035 - 2016 - Airborne pathogens from dairy manure aerial irrigation and the human health risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T17:44:05","indexId":"70178035","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Airborne pathogens from dairy manure aerial irrigation and the human health risk","docAbstract":"Dairy manure, like the fecal excrement from any domesticated or wild animal, can contain pathogens capable of infecting humans and causing illness or even death. Pathogens in dairy manure can be broadly divided into categories of taxonomy or infectiousness. Dividing by taxonomy there are three pathogen groups in dairy manure: viruses (e.g., bovine rotavirus), bacteria (e.g., Salmonella species), and protozoa (e.g., Cryptosporidium parvum). There are two categories of infectiousness for pathogens found in animals: those that are zoonotic and those that are not. A zoonotic pathogen is one that can infect both human and animal hosts. Some zoonotic pathogens found in dairy manure cause illness in both hosts (e.g., Salmonella) while other zoonotic pathogens, like Escherichia coli O157:H7, (enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)) cause illness only in humans. As a general rule, the gastrointestinal viruses found in dairy manure are not zoonotic. While there are exceptions (e.g., rare reports of bovine rotavirus infecting children), for the most part the viruses in dairy manure are not a human health concern. The primary concerns are the zoonotic bacteria and protozoa in dairy manure.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Considerations for the use of manure irrigation practices","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Manure Irrigation Workgroup","collaboration":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Borchardt, M.A., and Burch, T.R., 2016, Airborne pathogens from dairy manure aerial irrigation and the human health risk, C-1-C-24.","productDescription":"C-1-C-24","ipdsId":"IP-069593","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330596,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fyi.uwex.edu/manureirrigation/files/2016/04/Manure-Irrigation-Workgroup-Report-2016.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58590009e4b03639a6025e2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borchardt, Mark A. 0000-0002-6471-2627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-2627","contributorId":151033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borchardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burch, Tucker R tburch@usgs.gov","contributorId":5689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burch","given":"Tucker","email":"tburch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193152,"text":"70193152 - 2016 - Occupancy dynamics in human-modified landscapes in a tropical island: implications for conservation design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T12:36:29","indexId":"70193152","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy dynamics in human-modified landscapes in a tropical island: implications for conservation design","docAbstract":"Aim
Avian communities in human-modified landscapes exhibit varying patterns of local colonization and extinction rates, determinants of species occurrence. Our objective was to model these processes to identify habitat features that might enable movements and account for occupancy patterns in habitat matrices between the Guanica and Susua forest reserves. This knowledge is central to conservation design, particularly in ever changing insular landscapes.
Location
South-western Puerto Rico.
Methods
We used a multiseason occupancy modelling approach to quantify seasonal estimates of occupancy, and colonization and extinction rates of seven resident avian species surveyed over five seasons from January 2010 to June 2011. We modelled parameters by matrix type, expressions of survey station isolation, quality, amount of forest cover and context (embedded in forest patch).
Results
Seasonal occupancy remained stable throughout the study for all species, consistent with seasonally constant colonization and extinction probabilities. Occupancy was mediated by matrix type, higher in reserves and forested matrix than in the urban and agricultural matrices. This pattern is in accord with the forest affinities of all but an open-habitat specialist. Puerto Rican Spindalis (Spindalis portoricensis) exhibited high occupancy in the urban matrix, highlighting the adaptability of some insular species to novel environments. Highest colonization rates occurred when perching structures were at ≤ 500 m. Survey stations with at least three fruiting tree species and 61% forest cover exhibited lowest seasonal extinction rates.
Main conclusions
Our work identified habitat features that influenced seasonal probabilities of colonization and extinction in a human-modified landscape. Conservation design decisions are better informed with increased knowledge about interpatch distances to improve matrix permeability, and habitat features that increase persistence or continued use of habitat stepping stones. A focus on dynamic processes is valuable because conservation actions directly influence colonization and extinction rates, and thus, a quantitative means to gauge their benefit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12415","usgsCitation":"Irizarry, J.I., Collazo, J., and Dinsmore, S., 2016, Occupancy dynamics in human-modified landscapes in a tropical island: implications for conservation design: Diversity and Distributions, v. 22, no. 4, p. 410-421, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12415.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"410","endPage":"421","ipdsId":"IP-065011","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12415","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.99943542480469,\n 17.960444861640777\n ],\n [\n -66.80477142333984,\n 17.960444861640777\n ],\n [\n -66.80477142333984,\n 18.10865552119356\n ],\n [\n -66.99943542480469,\n 18.10865552119356\n ],\n [\n -66.99943542480469,\n 17.960444861640777\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fd5ae4b06e28e9c24b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irizarry, Julissa I.","contributorId":141056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irizarry","given":"Julissa","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":173448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime A.","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinsmore, Stephen J.","contributorId":61718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171087,"text":"70171087 - 2016 - Avian malaria in a boreal resident species: long-term temporal variability, and increased prevalence in birds with avian keratin disorder","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T09:59:24","indexId":"70171087","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2024,"text":"International Journal for Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian malaria in a boreal resident species: long-term temporal variability, and increased prevalence in birds with avian keratin disorder","docAbstract":"The prevalence of vector-borne parasitic diseases is widely influenced by biological and ecological factors. Environmental conditions such as temperature and precipitation can have a marked effect on haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium spp.) that cause malaria and those that cause other malaria-like diseases in birds. However, there have been few long-term studies monitoring haemosporidian infections in birds in northern latitudes, where weather conditions can be highly variable and the effects of climate change are becoming more pronounced. We used molecular methods to screen more than 2,000 blood samples collected from black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), a resident passerine bird. Samples were collected over a 10 year period, mostly during the non-breeding season, at seven sites in Alaska, USA. We tested for associations between Plasmodium prevalence and local environmental conditions including temperature, precipitation, site, year and season. We also evaluated the relationship between parasite prevalence and individual host factors of age, sex and presence or absence of avian keratin disorder. This disease, which causes accelerated keratin growth in the beak, provided a natural study system in which to test the interaction between disease state and malaria prevalence. Prevalence of Plasmodium infection varied by year, site, age and individual disease status but there was no support for an effect of sex or seasonal period. Significantly, birds with avian keratin disorder were 2.6 times more likely to be infected by Plasmodium than birds without the disorder. Interannual variation in the prevalence of Plasmodium infection at different sites was positively correlated with summer temperatures at the local but not statewide scale. Sequence analysis of the parasite cytochrome b gene revealed a single Plasmodiumspp. lineage, P43. Our results demonstrate associations between prevalence of avian malaria and a variety of biological and ecological factors. These results also provide important baseline data that will be informative for predicting future changes inPlasmodium prevalence in the subarctic.
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\"}}]}","volume":"16","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"573ee3ace4b04a3a6a24ace7","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.008","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.008","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Wilkinson Laura C., Handel Colleen M., Van Hemert Caroline, Loiseau Claire, Sehgal Ravinder N.M.","journalName":"International Journal for Parasitology","publicationDate":"4/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkinson, Laura C.","contributorId":169500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loiseau, Claire","contributorId":169501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loiseau","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sehgal, Ravinder N. M.","contributorId":140276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sehgal","given":"Ravinder","email":"","middleInitial":"N. M.","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189239,"text":"70189239 - 2016 - Erratum to Surface‐wave green’s tensors in the near field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T12:45:16","indexId":"70189239","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erratum to Surface‐wave green’s tensors in the near field","docAbstract":"Haney and Nakahara (2014) derived expressions for surface‐wave Green’s tensors that included near‐field behavior. Building on the result for a force source, Haney and Nakahara (2014) further derived expressions for a general point moment tensor source using the exact Green’s tensors. However, it has come to our attention that, although the Green’s tensors were correct, the resulting expressions for a general point moment tensor source were missing some terms. In this erratum, we provide updated expressions with these missing terms. The inclusion of the missing terms changes the example given in Haney and Nakahara (2014).
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150349","usgsCitation":"Haney, M.M., and Hisashi Nakahara, 2016, Erratum to Surface‐wave green’s tensors in the near field: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 2, p. 816-818, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150349.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"816","endPage":"818","ipdsId":"IP-071737","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c3ee4b0d1f9f057e348","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. mhaney@usgs.gov","contributorId":2943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hisashi Nakahara","contributorId":194295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hisashi Nakahara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169125,"text":"70169125 - 2016 - Growth, survival, longevity, and population size of the Big Mouth Cave salamander (Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides) from the type locality in Grundy County, Tennessee, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T10:12:12","indexId":"70169125","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth, survival, longevity, and population size of the Big Mouth Cave salamander (Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides) from the type locality in Grundy County, Tennessee, USA","docAbstract":"Salamander species that live entirely in subterranean habitats have evolved adaptations that allow them to cope with perpetual darkness and limited energy resources. We conducted a 26-month mark–recapture study to better understand the individual growth and demography of a population of the Big Mouth Cave Salamander (Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides). We employed a growth model to estimate growth rates, age at sexual maturity, and longevity, and an open population model to estimate population size, density, detectability, and survival rates. Furthermore, we examined cover use and evidence of potential predation. Individuals probably reach sexual maturity in 3–5 years and live at least nine years. Survival rates were generally high (>75%) but declined during the study. More than 30% of captured salamanders had regenerating tails or tail damage, which presumably represent predation attempts by conspecifics or crayfishes. Most salamanders (>90%) were found under cover (e.g., rocks, trash, decaying plant material). Based on 11 surveys during the study, population size estimates ranged from 21 to 104 individuals in the ca. 710 m2 study area. Previous surveys indicated that this population experienced a significant decline from the early 1970s through the 1990s, perhaps related to silvicultural and agricultural practices. However, our data suggest that this population has either recovered or stabilized during the past 20 years. Differences in relative abundance between early surveys and our survey could be associated with differences in survey methods or sampling conditions rather than an increase in population size. Regardless, our study demonstrates that this population is larger than previously thought and is in no immediate risk of extirpation, though it does appear to exhibit higher rates of predation than expected for a species believed to be an apex predator of subterranean food webs.
","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/OT-14-197","usgsCitation":"Niemiller, M.L., Glorioso, B.M., Fenolio, D.B., Reynolds, R.G., Taylor, S.J., and Miller, B.T., 2016, Growth, survival, longevity, and population size of the Big Mouth Cave salamander (Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides) from the type locality in Grundy County, Tennessee, USA: Copeia, v. 104, no. 1, p. 35-41, https://doi.org/10.1643/OT-14-197.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060758","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Grundy County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.601,35.5316],[-85.5768,35.5129],[-85.5543,35.4983],[-85.5458,35.4942],[-85.5368,35.4873],[-85.5415,35.4615],[-85.536,35.4315],[-85.5203,35.4219],[-85.5118,35.4228],[-85.5131,35.4078],[-85.4854,35.4063],[-85.4911,35.3996],[-85.4945,35.3955],[-85.4957,35.3937],[-85.4946,35.3869],[-85.489,35.3837],[-85.4952,35.3805],[-85.5003,35.3737],[-85.5037,35.3687],[-85.5032,35.3656],[-85.5072,35.3592],[-85.5145,35.3538],[-85.5174,35.3529],[-85.5264,35.3484],[-85.5281,35.3439],[-85.536,35.3444],[-85.5434,35.3412],[-85.5587,35.3195],[-85.6444,35.3021],[-85.6506,35.3039],[-85.6557,35.3062],[-85.6602,35.303],[-85.6636,35.3012],[-85.6692,35.3008],[-85.6738,35.2981],[-85.6743,35.2931],[-85.6868,35.2886],[-85.6952,35.2895],[-85.7008,35.2913],[-85.7059,35.2918],[-85.7093,35.2891],[-85.6937,35.2396],[-85.74,35.2152],[-85.7715,35.2184],[-85.7855,35.223],[-85.8221,35.2426],[-85.8401,35.2376],[-85.8581,35.2308],[-85.8728,35.2236],[-85.8896,35.2517],[-85.907,35.2753],[-85.9138,35.289],[-85.9076,35.2976],[-85.9087,35.3021],[-85.9076,35.3067],[-85.9047,35.3103],[-85.9042,35.3158],[-85.9008,35.3176],[-85.9014,35.3221],[-85.9047,35.3235],[-85.903,35.3257],[-85.9025,35.3275],[-85.9025,35.3316],[-85.881,35.3489],[-85.8804,35.3607],[-85.8748,35.3688],[-85.8731,35.3711],[-85.8697,35.3806],[-85.886,35.382],[-85.8843,35.3929],[-85.8888,35.4419],[-85.8853,35.4905],[-85.8842,35.4918],[-85.8791,35.4918],[-85.8763,35.5073],[-85.883,35.5077],[-85.8796,35.5127],[-85.8825,35.5168],[-85.8768,35.524],[-85.8644,35.5222],[-85.8576,35.5204],[-85.8327,35.5154],[-85.8175,35.5135],[-85.7542,35.5243],[-85.6971,35.5292],[-85.601,35.5316]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Grundy\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","volume":"104","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb0e4b07657d1a90ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niemiller, Matthew L.","contributorId":167679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemiller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24804,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glorioso, Brad M. 0000-0002-5400-7414 gloriosob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-7414","contributorId":4241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glorioso","given":"Brad","email":"gloriosob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenolio, Dante B.","contributorId":167680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenolio","given":"Dante","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24805,"text":"Department of Conservation and Research, San Antonio Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynolds, R. Graham","contributorId":167681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Graham","affiliations":[{"id":24806,"text":"Joint Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard University and the University of Massachusetts Boston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Steven J.","contributorId":167682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24804,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Brian T.","contributorId":167683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":24807,"text":"Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178855,"text":"70178855 - 2016 - Landscape composition creates a threshold influencing Lesser Prairie-Chicken population resilience to extreme drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T14:05:54","indexId":"70178855","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape composition creates a threshold influencing Lesser Prairie-Chicken population resilience to extreme drought","docAbstract":"Habitat loss and degradation compound the effects of climate change on wildlife, yet responses to climate and land cover change are often quantified independently. The interaction between climate and land cover change could be intensified in the Great Plains region where grasslands are being converted to row-crop agriculture concurrent with increased frequency of extreme drought events. We quantified the combined effects of land cover and climate change on a species of conservation concern in the Great Plains, the Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ). We combined extreme drought events and land cover change with lek count surveys in a Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify changes in abundance of male Lesser Prairie-Chickens from 1978 to 2014 in Kansas, the core of their species range. Our estimates of abundance indicate a gradually decreasing population through 2010 corresponding to drought events and reduced grassland areas. Decreases in Lesser Prairie-Chicken abundance were greatest in areas with increasing row-crop to grassland land cover ratio during extreme drought events, and decreased grassland reduces the resilience of Lesser Prairie-Chicken populations to extreme drought events. A threshold exists for Lesser Prairie-Chickens in response to the gradient of cropland:grassland land cover. When moving across the gradient of grassland to cropland, abundance initially increased in response to more cropland on the landscape, but declined in response to more cropland after the threshold (δ=0.096, or 9.6% cropland). Preservation of intact grasslands and continued implementation of initiatives to revert cropland to grassland should increase Lesser Prairie-Chicken resilience to extreme drought events due to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2016.03.003","usgsCitation":"Ross, B., Haukos, D.A., Hagen, C.A., and Pitman, J.C., 2016, Landscape composition creates a threshold influencing Lesser Prairie-Chicken population resilience to extreme drought: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 6, p. 179-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2016.03.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-071351","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2016.03.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.0465087890625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -102.0465087890625,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -98.69018554687499,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -98.69018554687499,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -102.0465087890625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dfe4b077fc20250e14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Beth E.","contributorId":56124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Beth E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagen, Christian A.","contributorId":107574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagen","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, James C.","contributorId":40529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182745,"text":"70182745 - 2016 - Off-road vehicles affect nesting behaviour and reproductive success of American Oystercatchers Haematopus palliatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T11:22:29","indexId":"70182745","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5306,"text":"International Journal of Avian Science ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Off-road vehicles affect nesting behaviour and reproductive success of American Oystercatchers Haematopus palliatus","docAbstract":"As human populations and associated development increase, interactions between humans and wildlife are occurring with greater frequency. The effects of these interactions, particularly on species whose populations are declining, are of great interest to ecologists, conservationists, land managers and natural resource policy-makers. The American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus, a species of conservation concern in the USA, nests on coastal beaches subject to various forms of anthropogenic disturbance, including aircraft overflights, off-road vehicles and pedestrians. This study assessed the effects of these human disturbances on the incubation behaviour and reproductive success of nesting American Oystercatchers at Cape Lookout National Seashore, on the Atlantic coast of the USA. We expanded on-going monitoring of Oystercatchers at Cape Lookout National Seashore by supplementing periodic visual observations with continuous 24-h video and audio recording at nests. Aircraft overflights were not associated with changes in Oystercatcher incubation behaviour, and we found no evidence that aircraft overflights influenced Oystercatcher reproductive success. However, Oystercatchers were on their nests significantly less often during off-road vehicle and pedestrian events than they were during control periods before the events, and an increase in the number of off-road vehicles passing a nest during incubation was consistently associated with significant reductions in daily nest survival (6% decrease in daily nest survival for a one-vehicle increase in the average number of vehicles passing a nest each day; odds ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90, 0.98) and hatching success (12% decrease in hatching success for a one-vehicle increase in the average number of vehicles passing a nest each day; odds ratio = 0.88; 95% CI 0.76, 0.97). Management of vehicles and pedestrians in areas of Oystercatcher breeding is important for the conservation of American Oystercatchers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12358","collaboration":"National Park Service;","usgsCitation":"Borneman, T.E., Rose, E., and Simons, T.R., 2016, Off-road vehicles affect nesting behaviour and reproductive success of American Oystercatchers Haematopus palliatus: International Journal of Avian Science , v. 158, no. 2, p. 261-278, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12358.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"261","endPage":"278","ipdsId":"IP-059555","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a40e4b01ccd54ff3f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borneman, Tracy E.","contributorId":145698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borneman","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Eli T.","contributorId":145699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"Eli T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160859,"text":"70160859 - 2016 - Seismic site characterization of an urban dedimentary basin, Livermore Valley, California: Site tesponse, basin-edge-induced surface waves, and 3D simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T11:05:08","indexId":"70160859","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic site characterization of an urban dedimentary basin, Livermore Valley, California: Site tesponse, basin-edge-induced surface waves, and 3D simulations","docAbstract":"Thirty‐two accelerometers were deployed in the Livermore Valley, California, for approximately one year to study sedimentary basin effects. Many local and near‐regional earthquakes were recorded, including the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 Napa, California, earthquake. The resulting ground‐motion data set is used to quantify the seismic response of the Livermore basin, a major structural depression in the California Coast Range Province bounded by active faults. Site response is calculated by two methods: the reference‐site spectral ratio method and a source‐site spectral inversion method. Longer‐period (≥1 s) amplification factors follow the same general pattern as Bouguer gravity anomaly contours. Site response spectra are inverted for shallow shear‐wave velocity profiles, which are consistent with independent information. Frequency–wavenumber analysis is used to analyze plane‐wave propagation across the Livermore Valley and to identify basin‐edge‐induced surface waves with back azimuths different from the source back azimuth. Finite‐element simulations in a 3D velocity model of the region illustrate the generation of basin‐edge‐induced surface waves and point out strips of elevated ground velocities along the margins of the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150289","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Leeds, A.L., Ramirez-Guzman, L., Allen, J.P., and Schmitt, R.G., 2016, Seismic site characterization of an urban dedimentary basin, Livermore Valley, California: Site tesponse, basin-edge-induced surface waves, and 3D simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 2, p. 609-631, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150289.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"631","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071579","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2c6e4b07dd077c6aa3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leeds, Alena L. 0000-0002-8756-3687 aleeds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-3687","contributorId":4077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeds","given":"Alena","email":"aleeds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo","contributorId":151026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez-Guzman","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, James P. jallen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James","email":"jallen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmitt, Robert G. 0000-0001-8060-1954 rschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-1954","contributorId":5611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Robert","email":"rschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193182,"text":"70193182 - 2016 - NHDPlus as a geospatial framework for SPARROW modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:26:24","indexId":"70193182","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1975,"text":"Impact Assessment Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NHDPlus as a geospatial framework for SPARROW modeling","docAbstract":"Successful water-resource management requires thorough knowledge and understanding of the relations among water-quality contaminate sources and the factors that affect the transport throughout a hydrologic system. Surface-water modeling is a valuable tool that can be applied to help advance and achieve the understanding of these dynamic relations. Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) is one such model that uses nonlinear statistical methods to define conceptual and spatial relations among quantities of contaminant sources, monitored contaminant load, aquatic transport processes. NHDPlus Version 2 (V2) is a digital representation of a hydrologic network of streams and associated catchments. 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The expansion of this disease makes the development of sensitive diagnostic assays and antemortem sampling techniques crucial for the mitigation of its spread; this is especially true in cases of relocation/reintroduction or prevalence studies of large or protected herds, where depopulation may be contraindicated. This study evaluated the sensitivity of the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay of recto-anal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) biopsy specimens and nasal brushings collected antemortem. These findings were compared to results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of ante- and postmortem samples. RAMALT samples were collected from populations of farmed and free-ranging Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni; n = 323), and nasal brush samples were collected from a subpopulation of these animals (n = 205). We hypothesized that the sensitivity of RT-QuIC would be comparable to that of IHC analysis of RAMALT and would correspond to that of IHC analysis of postmortem tissues. We found RAMALT sensitivity (77.3%) to be highly correlative between RT-QuIC and IHC analysis. Sensitivity was lower when testing nasal brushings (34%), though both RAMALT and nasal brush test sensitivities were dependent on both the PRNP genotype and disease progression determined by the obex score. These data suggest that RT-QuIC, like IHC analysis, is a relatively sensitive assay for detection of CWD prions in RAMALT biopsy specimens and, with further investigation, has potential for large-scale and rapid automated testing of antemortem samples for CWD.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Microbiology ","doi":"10.1128/JCM.02700-15","usgsCitation":"Haley, N.J., Siepker, C., Hoon-Hanks, L.L., Mitchell, G., Walter, W.D., Manca, M., Monello, R.J., Powers, J.G., Wild, M., Hoover, E.A., Caughey, B., and Richt, J.A., 2016, Seeded amplification of chronic wasting disease prions in nasal brushings and recto-anal mucosal associated lymphoid tissues from elk by real time quaking-induced conversion: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 1117-1126, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02700-15.","productDescription":"10 p. 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Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178117,"text":"70178117 - 2016 - Evaluation of six NEHRP B/C crustal amplification models proposed for use in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T11:20:58","indexId":"70178117","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of six NEHRP B/C crustal amplification models proposed for use in western North America","docAbstract":"We evaluate six crustal amplification models based on National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) B/C crustal profiles proposed for use in western North America (WNA) and often used in other active crustal regions where crustal properties are unknown. One of the models is based on an interpolation of generic rock velocity profiles previously proposed for WNA and central and eastern North America (CENA), in conjunction with material densities based on an updated velocity–density relationship. A second model is based on the velocity profile used to develop amplification factors for the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)‐West2 project. A third model is based on a near‐surface velocity profile developed from the NGA‐West2 site database. A fourth model is based on velocity and density profiles originally proposed for use in CENA but recently used to represent crustal properties in California. We propose two alternatives to this latter model that more closely represent WNA crustal properties. We adopt a value of site attenuation (κ0) for each model that is either recommended by the author of the model or proposed by us. Stochastic simulation is used to evaluate the Fourier amplification factors and their impact on response spectra associated with each model. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that among the available models evaluated in this study the NEHRP B/C amplification model of Boore (2016) best represents median crustal amplification in WNA, although the amplification models based on the crustal profiles of Kamai et al. (2013, 2016, unpublished manuscript, see Data and Resources) and Yenier and Atkinson (2015), the latter adjusted to WNA crustal properties, can be used to represent epistemic uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150242","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., and Campbell, K.W., 2016, Evaluation of six NEHRP B/C crustal amplification models proposed for use in western North America: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 2, p. 673-686, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150242.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"686","ipdsId":"IP-069474","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc3e4b09688d6e90fbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Kenneth W.","contributorId":74391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177907,"text":"70177907 - 2016 - Temporal, geographic, and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T12:00:06","indexId":"70177907","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1988,"text":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal, geographic, and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus)","docAbstract":"Newcastle disease is caused by virulent forms of avian paramyxovirus of serotype 1 (APMV-1) and has global economic importance. The disease reached panzootic proportions within two decades after first being identified in 1926 in the United Kingdom and Indonesia and still remains endemic in many countries across the world. Here we review information on the host, temporal, and geographic distribution of APMV-1 genetic diversity based on the evolutionary systematics of the complete coding region of the fusion gene. Strains of APMV-1 are phylogenetically separated into two classes (class I and class II) and further classified into genotypes based on genetic differences. Class I viruses are genetically less diverse, generally present in wild waterfowl, and are of low virulence. Class II viruses are genetically and phenotypically more diverse, frequently isolated from poultry with occasional spillovers into wild birds, and exhibit a wider range of virulence. Waterfowl, cormorants, and pigeons are natural reservoirs of all APMV-1 pathotypes, except viscerotropic velogenic viruses for which natural reservoirs have not been identified. Genotypes I and II within class II include isolates of high and low virulence, the latter often being used as vaccines. Viruses of genotypes III and IX that emerged decades ago are now isolated rarely, but may be found in domestic and wild birds in China. Containing only virulent viruses and responsible for the majority of recent outbreaks in poultry and wild birds, viruses from genotypes V, VI, and VII, are highly mobile and have been isolated on different continents. Conversely, virulent viruses of genotypes XI (Madagascar), XIII (mainly Southwest Asia), XVI (North America) and XIV, XVII and XVIII (Africa) appear to have a more limited geographic distribution and have been isolated predominantly from poultry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.008","usgsCitation":"Dimitrov, K.M., Ramey, A.M., Qiu, X., Bahl, J., and Afonso, C.L., 2016, Temporal, geographic, and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus): Infection, Genetics and Evolution, v. 39, p. 22-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.008.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-069077","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5811c0f2e4b0f497e79a5a73","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.008","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.008","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Dimitrov Kiril M., Ramey Andrew M., Qiu Xueting, Bahl Justin, Afonso Claudio L.","journalName":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","publicationDate":"4/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dimitrov, Kiril M.","contributorId":176311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dimitrov","given":"Kiril","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qiu, Xueting","contributorId":176312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qiu","given":"Xueting","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bahl, Justin","contributorId":171803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bahl","given":"Justin","affiliations":[{"id":26950,"text":"University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Afonso, Claudio L.","contributorId":171954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Afonso","given":"Claudio","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188066,"text":"70188066 - 2016 - The power of remote sensing: Global monitoring of weather, water, and crops with satellites and data integration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T16:00:29.132398","indexId":"70188066","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5406,"text":"Resource: Engineering and Technology for a Sustainable World","printIssn":"1076-3333","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The power of remote sensing: Global monitoring of weather, water, and crops with satellites and data integration","docAbstract":"Imagine a family of six whose livelihood is based on subsistence farming on a small, maybe one hectare, parcel of land somewhere in Africa. The seasonal rainfall varies greatly, from 500 to 800 mm per year, and the land is degraded. Thus, the parcel’s total productivity is not more than 1.5 tonnes in a good year, hardly meeting the family’s food requirements. The lack of surplus grain eliminates the need for grain storage structures, and due to the high rainfall variability, drought hazard is always looming, with an average recurrence interval of five to ten years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., 2016, The power of remote sensing: Global monitoring of weather, water, and crops with satellites and data integration: Resource: Engineering and Technology for a Sustainable World, v. 23, no. 2, p. 6-9.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-069936","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=46628"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84b9e4b092b266f10d32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186184,"text":"70186184 - 2016 - Late Holocene expansion of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Central Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:27:47","indexId":"70186184","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene expansion of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Central Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"\"Aim: Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) experienced one of the most extensive and rapid post-glacial plant migrations in western North America. We used plant macrofossils from woodrat (Neotoma) middens to reconstruct its spread in the Central Rocky Mountains, identify other vegetation changes coinciding with P. ponderosa expansion at the same sites, and relate P. ponderosa migrational history to both its modern phylogeography and to a parallel expansion by Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma).\nLocation: Central Rocky Mountains, Wyoming and Montana, and Black Hills, Wyoming and South Dakota, USA.\nMethods: Plant macrofossils were analyzed in 90 middens collected at 14 widely separated sites in the northern part of the range of P. ponderosa var. scopulorum. Middens with and without P. ponderosa were 14C dated to pinpoint time of appearance at each site. Sensitivity experiments using a bioclimatic model were used to evaluate potential climatic drivers of late Holocene expansion.\nResults: P. ponderosa colonized the Black Hills region by at least 3850 yr BP (all ages given in calendar years before present). It expanded into the eastern Bighorn Mountains of northern Wyoming by 2630 yr BP, quickly spreading north in the western Bighorns from 1400 to 1000 yr BP. Concurrent with the latter expansion, P. ponderosa spread c. ~350 km to the Little Belt and Big Belt Mountains in western Montana, establishing its northern limit and the modern introgression zone between var. scopulorum and var. ponderosa. Expansion in the Central Rockies of P. ponderosa involved two known haplotypes.\nMain conclusions: P. ponderosa expanded its range across large parts of northern Wyoming and central Montana during the late Holocene, probably in response to both northward and westward increases in summer temperature and rainfall. The underlying climatic driver may be the same as for the contemporaneous expansion of J. osteosperma, but will remain undetermined without focused development and integration of independent palaeoclimate records in the region.\"","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jbi.12670","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.R., Betancourt, J.L., and Jackson, S., 2016, Late Holocene expansion of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Central Rocky Mountains, USA: Journal of Biogeography, v. 43, no. 4, p. 778-790, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12670.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"778","endPage":"790","ipdsId":"IP-065920","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338875,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.12670/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, South Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Central Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 47.18971246448421\n ],\n [\n -104.501953125,\n 47.21956811231547\n ],\n [\n -112.2802734375,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n -116.93847656250001,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -115.09277343749999,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -103.271484375,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -101.162109375,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -101.29394531249999,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 47.18971246448421\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac1e4b02ff32c6aea3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Jodi R.","contributorId":190196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T.","contributorId":127411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185028,"text":"70185028 - 2016 - Changing exhumation patterns during Cenozoic growth and glaciation of the Alaska Range: Insights from detrital thermochronology and geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T10:49:59.641588","indexId":"70185028","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing exhumation patterns during Cenozoic growth and glaciation of the Alaska Range: Insights from detrital thermochronology and geochronology","docAbstract":"Cenozoic growth of the Alaska Range created the highest topography in North America, but the space-time pattern and drivers of exhumation are poorly constrained. We analyzed U/Pb and fission-track double dates of detrital zircon and apatite grains from 12 catchments that span a 450 km length of the Alaska Range to illuminate the timing and extent of exhumation during different periods. U/Pb ages indicate a dominant Late Cretaceous to Oligocene plutonic provenance for the detrital grains, with only a small percentage of grains recycled from the Mesozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary cover. Fission-track ages record exhumation during Alaska Range growth and incision and reveal three distinctive patterns. First, initial Oligocene exhumation was focused in the central Alaska Range at ~30 Ma and expanded outward along the entire length of the range until 18 Ma. Oligocene exhumation, coeval with initial Yakutat microplate collision >600 km to the southeast, suggests a far-field response to collision that was localized by the Denali Fault within a weak Mesozoic suture zone. Second, the variable timing of middle to late Miocene exhumation suggests independently evolving histories influenced by local structures. Time-transgressive cooling ages suggest successive rock uplift and erosion of Mounts Foraker (12 Ma) through Denali (6 Ma) as crust was advected through a restraining bend in the Denali Fault and indicate a long-term slip rate ~4 mm/yr. Third, Pliocene exhumation is synchronous (3.7–2.7 Ma) along the length of the Alaska Range but only occurs in high-relief, glacier-covered catchments. Pliocene exhumation may record an acceleration in glacial incision that was coincident with the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015TC004067","usgsCitation":"Lease, R.O., Haeussler, P.J., and O'Sullivan, P., 2016, Changing exhumation patterns during Cenozoic growth and glaciation of the Alaska Range: Insights from detrital thermochronology and geochronology: Tectonics, v. 35, no. 4, p. 934-955, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015TC004067.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"934","endPage":"955","ipdsId":"IP-070302","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.01788347261635,\n 58.892014225793616\n ],\n [\n -137.75,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -137.28782896792953,\n 59.0501098301491\n ],\n [\n -141.2040663724411,\n 60.437390285838376\n ],\n [\n -142.1192768747215,\n 63.18177440344454\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 63.1\n ],\n [\n -154.01788347261635,\n 58.892014225793616\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52cee4b0849ce97c86b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lease, Richard O. 0000-0003-2582-8966 rlease@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-8966","contributorId":5098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lease","given":"Richard","email":"rlease@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul","contributorId":84473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162313,"text":"70162313 - 2016 - Does urban sprawl hold down upward mobility?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T15:46:08","indexId":"70162313","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does urban sprawl hold down upward mobility?","docAbstract":"Contrary to the general perception, the United States has a much more class-bound society than other wealthy countries. The chance of upward mobility for Americans is just half that of the citizens of the Denmark and many other European countries. In addition to other influences, the built environment may contribute to the low rate of upward mobility in the U.S. This study tests the relationship between urban sprawl and upward mobility for commuting zones in the U.S. We examine potential pathways through which sprawl may have an effect on mobility. We use structural equation modeling to account for both direct and indirect effects of sprawl on upward mobility. We find that upward mobility is significantly higher in compact areas than sprawling areas. The direct effect, which we attribute to better job accessibility in more compact commuting zones, is stronger than the indirect effects. Of the indirect effects, only one, through the mediating variable income segregation, is significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.012","collaboration":"Ewing, R. University of Utah; Shima Hamidi, University of Utah","usgsCitation":"Ewing, R., Hamidi, S., Grace, J.B., and Wei, Y., 2016, Does urban sprawl hold down upward mobility?: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 148, p. 80-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057604","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bbe4b0b28f1183bbef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, R.","contributorId":69947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamidi, Shima","contributorId":30909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamidi","given":"Shima","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wei, Y.","contributorId":9502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70177908,"text":"70177908 - 2016 - Effect of phytoremediation on concentrations of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and dissolved oxygen in groundwater at a former manufactured gas plant site, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, 1998–2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T15:04:14","indexId":"70177908","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-31T22:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of phytoremediation on concentrations of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and dissolved oxygen in groundwater at a former manufactured gas plant site, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, 1998–2014","docAbstract":"Concentrations of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and dissolved oxygen in groundwater at a former manufactured gas plant site near Charleston, South Carolina, USA, have been monitored since the installation of a phytoremediation system of hybrid poplar trees in 1998. Between 2000 and 2014, the concentrations of benzene, toluene, and naphthalene (BT&N) in groundwater in the planted area have decreased. For example, in the monitoring well containing the highest concentrations of BT&N, benzene concentrations decreased from 10,200 µg/L to less than 4000 µg/L, toluene concentrations decreased from 2420 µg/L to less than 20 µg/L, and naphthalene concentrations decreased from 6840 µg/L to less than 3000 µg/L. Concentrations of BT&N in groundwater in all wells were observed to be lower during the summer months relative to the winter months of a particular year during the first few years after installing the phytoremediation system, most likely due to increased transpiration and contaminant uptake by the hybrid poplar trees during the warm summer months; this pathway of uptake by trees was confirmed by the detection of benzene, toluene, and naphthalene in trees during sampling events in 2002, and later in the study in 2012. These data suggest that the phytoremediation system affects the groundwater contaminants on a seasonal basis and, over multiple years, has resulted in a cumulative decrease in dissolved-phase contaminant concentrations in groundwater. The removal of dissolved organic contaminants from the aquifer has resulted in a lower demand on dissolved oxygen supplied by recharge and, as a result, the redox status of the groundwater has changed from anoxic to oxic conditions. This study provides much needed information for water managers and other scientists on the viability of the long-term effectiveness of phytoremediation in decreasing groundwater contaminants and increasing dissolved oxygen at sites contaminated by benzene, toluene, and naphthalene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s12665-016-5408-9","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., and Effinger, T.N., 2016, Effect of phytoremediation on concentrations of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and dissolved oxygen in groundwater at a former manufactured gas plant site, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, 1998–2014: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 75, 605; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5408-9.","productDescription":"605; 13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070997","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.92934584617615,\n 32.7883749103601\n ],\n [\n -79.92934584617615,\n 32.791134828514295\n ],\n [\n -79.92491483688354,\n 32.791134828514295\n ],\n [\n -79.92491483688354,\n 32.7883749103601\n ],\n [\n -79.92934584617615,\n 32.7883749103601\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5811c0f2e4b0f497e79a5a77","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s12665-016-5408-9","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5408-9","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Landmeyer James E., Effinger Thomas N.","journalName":"Environmental Earth Sciences","publicationDate":"3/31/2016","auditedOn":"8/1/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"3/31/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Effinger, Thomas N.","contributorId":176300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Effinger","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169948,"text":"ofr20161056 - 2016 - Construction, calibration, and validation of the RBM10 water temperature model for the Trinity River, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T08:35:51","indexId":"ofr20161056","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-31T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1056","title":"Construction, calibration, and validation of the RBM10 water temperature model for the Trinity River, northern California","docAbstract":"We constructed a one-dimensional daily averaged water-temperature model to simulate Trinity River temperatures for 1980–2013. The purpose of this model is to assess effects of water-management actions on water temperature and to provide water temperature inputs for a salmon population dynamics model. Simulated meteorological data, observed streamflow data, and observed water temperatures were used as model inputs to simulate a continuous 34-year time series of historical daily mean water temperature at eight locations along 112.2 river miles from Lewiston Dam near Weaverville, California, downstream to the Klamath River confluence. To demonstrate the utility of the model to inform management actions, we simulated three management alternatives to assess the effects of bypass flow augmentation in a drought year, 1994, and compared those results to the simulated historical baseline, referred to as the “No Action” alternative scenario. Augmentation flows from the Lewiston Dam bypass consist of temperature-controlled releases capable of cooling downstream water temperatures in hot times of the year, which can reduce the probability of disease outbreaks in fish populations. Outputs from the Trinity River water-temperature model were then used as inputs to an existing water-temperature model of the Klamath River to evaluate the effect of augmentation flow releases on water temperatures in the lower Klamath River.
\nWe structured the Trinity River water-temperature model in River Basin Model-10 (RBM10), which uses a simple equilibrium flow model, assuming discharge in each river segment on each day is transmitted downstream instantaneously. The model uses a heat-budget formulation to quantify heat flux at the air-water interface. Inputs for the heat budget are calculated from daily mean meteorological data, including net shortwave solar radiation, net longwave atmospheric radiation, air temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure, and a psychrometric constant needed to calculate the Bowen ratio. The modeling domain was divided into eight reaches ranging in length from 8.8 to 20.6 miles, which were calibrated and validated separately with observed water temperature data collected irregularly from 1980 to 2013. Root mean square errors of observed and simulated water temperatures for the eight reaches ranged from 0.25 to 1.12 degrees Celsius (°C). Mean absolute errors ranged from 0.18 to 0.89 °C. For model validation, a k-fold cross-validation technique was used. Validation root mean square error and mean absolute error for the eight reaches ranged from 0.24 to 1.11 °C and from 0.18 to 0.89 °C, respectively.
\nAugmentation scenarios were based on historical hydrological and meteorological data, combined with prescribed flow and temperature releases from Lewiston Dam provided by the Bureau of Reclamation. Water releases were scheduled to achieve targeted flows of 2,500, 2,800, and 3,200 cubic feet per second in the lower Klamath River from mid-August through late September, coinciding with the upstream migration of adult fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Water temperatures simulated at river mile 5.7 on the Klamath River showed a 5 °C decrease from the No Action historical baseline, which was near or greater than 23 °C when augmentation began in mid-August. Thereafter, an approximate 1 °C difference among augmentation scenarios emerged, with the decrease in water temperature commensurate to the level of augmentation. All augmentation scenarios simulated water temperatures equal to or less than 21 °C from mid-August through late September. Water temperatures equal to or greater than 23 °C are of particular interest because of a thermal threshold known to inhibit upstream migration of salmon. When temperatures exceed this approximate 23 °C threshold, Chinook salmon are known to congregate in high densities in thermal refugias and show extended residence times, which can potentially trigger epizootic outbreaks such as of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (“Ich”) and Flavobacterium columnare (“Columnaris”) that were the causative factors of the Klamath River fish kill in 2002. A model with the ability to simulate water temperatures in response to management actions at the basin scale is a valuable asset for water managers who must make decisions about how best to use limited water resources, which directly affect the state of fisheries in the Klamath Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Jones, E.C., Perry, R.W., Risley, J.C., Som, N.A., and Hetrick, N.J., 2016, Construction, calibration, and validation of the RBM10 water temperature model for the Trinity River, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1056, 46 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161056.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070848","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research 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U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
In 2015, a major outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection devastated poultry facilities in Minnesota, USA. To clarify the role of wild birds, we tested 3,139 waterfowl fecal samples and 104 sick and dead birds during March 9–June 4, 2015. HPAIV was isolated from a Cooper’s hawk but not from waterfowl.
","language":"English","publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi":"10.3201/eid2207.152032","usgsCitation":"Jennelle, C., Carstensen, M., Hildebrand, E.C., Cornicelli, L., Wolf, P.C., Grear, D.A., Ip, S., VanDalen, K.K., and Minicucci, L.A., 2016, Surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in wild birds during outbreaks in domestic poultry, Minnesota, 2015: Emerging Infectious Diseases, v. 22, no. 7, p. 1278-1282, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2207.152032.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1278","endPage":"1282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071667","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2207.152032","text":"Publisher Index 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States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T12:39:04","indexId":"70169977","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-31T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial patterns of wetland extent influence variability of surface water connectivity in the Prairie Pothole Region, United States","docAbstract":"Context. Quantifying variability in landscape-scale surface water connectivity can help improve our understanding of the multiple effects of wetlands on downstream waterways. Objectives. We examined how wetland merging and the coalescence of wetlands with streams varied both spatially (among ecoregions) and interannually (from drought to deluge) across parts of the Prairie Pothole Region. Methods. Wetland extent was derived over a time series (1990-2011) using Landsat imagery. Changes in landscape-scale connectivity, generated by the physical coalescence of wetlands with other surface water features, were quantified by fusing static wetland and stream datasets with Landsat-derived wetland extent maps, and related to multiple wetness indices. The usage of Landsat allows for decadal-scale analysis, but limits the types of surface water connections that can be detected. Results. Wetland extent correlated positively with the merging of wetlands and wetlands with streams. Wetness conditions, as defined by drought indices and runoff, were positively correlated with wetland extent, but less consistently correlated with measures of surface water connectivity. The degree of wetland-wetland merging was found to depend less on total wetland area or density, and more on climate conditions, as well as the threshold for how wetland/upland was defined. In contrast, the merging of wetlands with streams was positively correlated with stream density, and inversely related to wetland density. Conclusions. Characterizing the degree of surface water connectivity within the Prairie Pothole Region in North America requires consideration of 1) climate-driven variation in wetness conditions and 2) within-region variation in wetland and stream spatial arrangements.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Parasites, by definition, extract energy from their hosts and thus affect trophic and food web dynamics even when the parasite may have limited effects on host population size. We studied the energetic costs of mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in wolves (Canis lupus) using thermal cameras to estimate heat losses associated with compromised insulation during the winter. We combined the field data of known, naturally infected wolves with data set on captive wolves with shaved patches of fur as a positive control to simulate mange-induced hair loss. We predict that during the winter in Montana, more severe mange infection increases heat loss by around 5.2 to 12 MJ per night (1240 to 2850 kcal, or a 65% to 78% increase) for small and large wolves, respectively accounting for wind effects. To maintain body temperature would require a significant proportion of a healthy wolf's total daily energy demands (18-22 MJ/day). We also predict how these thermal costs may increase in colder climates by comparing our predictions in Bozeman, Montana to those from a place with lower ambient temperatures (Fairbanks, Alaska). Contrary to our expectations, the 14°C differential between these regions was not as important as the potential differences in wind speed. These large increases in energetic demands can be mitigated by either increasing consumption rates or decreasing other energy demands. Data from GPS-collared wolves indicated that healthy wolves move, on average, 17 km per day, which was reduced by 1.5, 1.8 and 6.5 km for light, medium, and severe hair loss. In addition, the wolf with the most hair loss was less active at night and more active during the day, which is the converse of the movement patterns of healthy wolves. At the individual level mange infections create significant energy demands and altered behavioral patterns, this may have cascading effects on prey consumption rates, food web dynamics, predator-prey interactions, and scavenger communities.
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To investigate pan-Atlantic connectivity of globally endangered green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from two National Parks in Florida, USA, we applied a multidisciplinary approach comparing genetic analysis and ocean circulation modeling. The Everglades (EP) is a juvenile feeding ground, whereas the Dry Tortugas (DT) is used for courtship, breeding, and feeding by adults and juveniles. We sequenced two mitochondrial segments from 138 turtles sampled there from 2006-2015, and simulated oceanic transport to estimate their origins. Genetic and ocean connectivity data revealed northwestern Atlantic rookeries as the major natal sources, while southern and eastern Atlantic contributions were negligible. However, specific rookery estimates differed between genetic and ocean transport models. The combined analyses suggest that post-hatchling drift via ocean currents poorly explains the distribution of neritic juveniles and adults, but juvenile natal homing and population history likely play important roles. DT and EP were genetically similar to feeding grounds along the southern US coast, but highly differentiated from most other Atlantic groups. Despite expanded mitogenomic analysis and correspondingly increased ability to detect genetic variation, no significant differentiation between DT and EP, or among years, sexes or stages was observed. This first genetic analysis of a North Atlantic green turtle courtship area provides rare data supporting local movements and male philopatry. The study highlights the applications of multidisciplinary approaches for ecological research and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02056","usgsCitation":"Naro-Maciel, E., Hart, K.M., Cruciata, R., and Putman, N.F., 2016, DNA and dispersal models highlight constrained connectivity in a migratory marine megavertebrate: Ecography, v. 40, no. 5, p. 586-597, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02056.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"586","endPage":"597","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068508","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02056","text":"External Repository"},{"id":319674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas Park, Everglades Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 24.462150693715266\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 24.77177232822881\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 24.77177232822881\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 24.462150693715266\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 24.462150693715266\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.09283447265625,\n 25.120419105501256\n ],\n [\n -81.09283447265625,\n 25.564742726875785\n ],\n [\n -80.6341552734375,\n 25.564742726875785\n ],\n [\n -80.6341552734375,\n 25.120419105501256\n ],\n [\n -81.09283447265625,\n 25.120419105501256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fe3c2ce4b075ab2b2aa0aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naro-Maciel, Eugenia","contributorId":138902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naro-Maciel","given":"Eugenia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12576,"text":"College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruciata, Rossana","contributorId":168380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruciata","given":"Rossana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25274,"text":"Biology Dept., College of Staten Island, City University of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Putman, Nathan Freeman","contributorId":145423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putman","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Freeman","affiliations":[{"id":16119,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}