{"pageNumber":"1140","pageRowStart":"28475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70159669,"text":"70159669 - 2000 - The phenology of space: Spatial aspects of bison density dependence in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-17T14:38:29","indexId":"70159669","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"The phenology of space: Spatial aspects of bison density dependence in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p>The Yellowstone bison represent the only bison population in the United States that survived in the wild the near-extermination of the late 1800's. This paper capitalizes on a unique opportunity provided by the record of the bison population of Yellowstone National Park (YNP). This population has been intensely monitored for almost four decades. The analysis of long-term spatio-temporal data from 1970-1997 supports the following conclusions. 1) Even though the Yellowstone bison herd exhibits an extended period of what appears to be linear growth, this pattern can be explained with classical density dependent dynamics if one realizes that perhaps the primary response of the herd to increased density is range expansion. 2) Several spatial aspects of social behavior in the YNP bison may be behavioral adaptations by the bison to environmental changes. These behavioral strategies may buffer, temporarily at least, bison population dynamics from the immediate repercussions of possible environmental stress and habitat deterioration. 3) Bison ecological carrying capacity for YNP is on the order of 2800 to 3200 animals. 4) There do appear to be indications of changes in the bison dynamics that are associated with increasing use of sections of the interior road system in winter. 5) The possibility of habitat degradation is indicated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Montana State University","publisherLocation":"Bozeman, MT","usgsCitation":"Taper, M., Meagher, M., and Jerde, C., 2000, The phenology of space: Spatial aspects of bison density dependence in Yellowstone National Park, 109 p.","productDescription":"109 p.","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311414,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=idn_ceos&KeywordPath=[Parameters%3A+Topic%3D%27BIOLOGICAL+CLASSIFICATION%27%2C+Term%3D%27ANIMALS%2FVERTEBRATES%27%2C+Variable_Level_1%3D%27MAMMALS%27]&EntryId=NRMSC_phenologyofspace&MetadataView=Full&MetadataType=0&lbnode=mdlb3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.06054687499999,\n              43.46886761482925\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.06054687499999,\n              45.625563438215956\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.9019775390625,\n              45.625563438215956\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.9019775390625,\n              43.46886761482925\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.06054687499999,\n              43.46886761482925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5defe4b0ebfbef0d349b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taper, M.L.","contributorId":36514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taper","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meagher, M.","contributorId":67475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meagher","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jerde, C.L.","contributorId":52114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jerde","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073913,"text":"70073913 - 2000 - A paleolatitude approach to assessing surface temperature history for use in burial heating models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T15:36:21","indexId":"70073913","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T15:16:48","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A paleolatitude approach to assessing surface temperature history for use in burial heating models","docAbstract":"Calculations using heat flow theory as well as case histories show that over geologic time scales (10<sup>6</sup> years), changes in mean annual surface temperature (T<sub>s</sub>) on the order of 10°C penetrate kilometers deep into the crust. Thus, burial heating models of sedimentary basins, which typically span kilometers in depth and persist over geological time frames, should consider T<sub>s</sub> history to increase their accuracy. In any case, T<sub>s</sub> history becomes important when it changes enough to be detected by a thermal maturation index like vitrinite reflectance, a parameter widely used to constrain burial heating models. Assessment of the general temperature conditions leading to petroleum generation indicates that changes in T<sub>s</sub> as small as 6°C can be detected by vitrinite reflectance measurements. This low temperature threshold indicates that oil and gas windows can be significantly influenced by T<sub>s</sub> history. A review of paleoclimatic factors suggests the significant and geologically resolvable factors affecting T<sub>s</sub> history are paleolatitude, long-term changes between cool and warm geological periods (climate mode), the degree to which a basin is removed from the sea (geographic isolation), and elevation or depth relative to sea level. Case studies using geologically realistic data ranges or different methods of estimating T<sub>s</sub> in a burial heating model indicate a significant impact of Ts when: (1) continental drift, subduction, tectonism and erosion significantly change paleolatitude, paleoaltitude, or paleogeography; (2) strata are at, or near, maximum burial, and changes in T<sub>s</sub> directly influence maximum burial temperature; and (3), when a significant change in T<sub>s</sub> occurs near the opening or closing of the oil or gas windows causing petroleum generation to begin or cease. Case studies show that during the burial heating and petroleum generation phase of basin development changes in climate mode alone can influence T<sub>s</sub> by about 15°C. At present, T<sub>s</sub> changes from the poles to the equator by about 50°C. Thus, in extreme cases, continental drift alone can seemingly produce T<sub>s</sub> changes on the order of 50°C over a time frame of 107 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00057-9","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., 2000, A paleolatitude approach to assessing surface temperature history for use in burial heating models: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 121-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00057-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":585,"text":"Thermal Maturity LaboratoryU.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281433,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00057-9"},{"id":281434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4a40e4b0b290850efa73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70118019,"text":"70118019 - 2000 - Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the evolution of central California's shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T16:37:44","indexId":"70118019","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T08:58:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the evolution of central California's shoreline","docAbstract":"<p><span>Significant sea-cliff erosion and storm damage occurred along the central coast of California during the 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 El Niño winters. This generated interest among scientists and land-use planners in how historic El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) winters have affected the coastal climate of central California. A relative ENSO intensity index based on oceanographic and meteorologic data defines the timing and magnitude of ENSO events over the past century. The index suggests that five higher intensity (relative values 4–6) and 17 lower intensity (relative values 1–3) ENSO events took place between 1910 and 1995. The ENSO intensity index correlates with fluctuations in the time series of cyclone activity, precipitation, detrended sea level, wave height, sea-surface temperature, and sea-level barometric pressure. Wave height, sea level, and precipitation, which are the primary external forcing parameters in sea-cliff erosion, increase nonlinearly with increasing relative ENSO event intensity. The number of storms that caused coastal erosion or storm damage and the historic occurrence of large-scale sea-cliff erosion along the central coast also increase nonlinearly with increasing relative event intensity. These correlations and the frequency distribution of relative ENSO event intensities indicate that moderate- to high-intensity ENSO events cause the most sea-cliff erosion and shoreline recession over the course of a century.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<236:IOENOE>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., and Griggs, G.B., 2000, Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the evolution of central California's shoreline: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 2, p. 236-249, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<236:IOENOE>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"249","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe9f51e4b0824b2d14f933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griggs, Gary B.","contributorId":88820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045668,"text":"70045668 - 2000 - Exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-29T09:15:06","indexId":"70045668","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration","docAbstract":"This summary of international nonfuel mineral exploration activities for 1999 draws upon available data from literature, industry and US Geological Survey (USGS) specialists. The report documents data on exploration budgets by region and commodity and identifies significant mineral discoveries and exploration target areas. It also discusses government programs affecting the mineral exploration industry. And it presents inferences and observations on mineral industry direction based on these data and discussions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D., 2000, Exploration: Mining Engineering, v. 52, no. 5, p. 38-48.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517f9665e4b0e41721f7a339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilburn, D.R.","contributorId":98911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006912,"text":"70006912 - 2000 - Quantification of the nitrogen cycle in a prairie stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T16:38:27.119126","indexId":"70006912","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-18T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of the nitrogen cycle in a prairie stream","docAbstract":"Nitrogen (N) was added for 35 days in the form of <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub>Cl to Kings Creek on Konza Prairie, Kansas. Standing stocks of N in key compartments (that is, nutrients, detritus, organisms) were quantified, and the amount of labeled N entering the compartments was analyzed. These data were used to calculate turnover and flux rates of N cycling through the food web, as well as nutrient transformation rates. Inorganic N pools turned over much more rapidly in the water column of this stream than in pelagic systems where comparable measurements have been made. As with other systems, the mass of ammonium was low but it was the key compartment mediating nutrient flux through the ecosystem, whereas dissolved organic N, the primary component of N flux through the system, is not actively cycled. Nitrification was also a significant flux of N in the stream, with rates in the water column and surface of benthos accounting for approximately 10% of the total ammonium uptake. Primary consumers assimilated 67% of the inorganic N that entered benthic algae and microbes. Predators acquired 23% of the N that consumers obtained. Invertebrate collectors, omnivorous crayfish (<i>Orconectes</i> spp.), and invertebrate shredders dominated the N flux associated with primary consumers. Mass balance calculations indicated that at least 23% of the 309 mg of <sup>15</sup>N added during the 35 days of release was retained within the 210-m stream reach during the release. Overall, the rates of turnover of N in organisms and organic substrata were significantly greater when C:N was low. This ratio may be a surrogate for biological activity with regard to N flux in streams.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s100210000050","usgsCitation":"Dodds, W., Evans-White, M.A., Gerlanc, N.M., Gray, L., Gudder, D.A., Kemp, M.J., Lopez, A.L., Stagliano, D., Strauss, E.A., Tank, J., Whiles, M.R., and Wollheim, W., 2000, Quantification of the nitrogen cycle in a prairie stream: Ecosystems, v. 3, no. 6, p. 574-589, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100210000050.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"589","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kings Creek, Konza Prairie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    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J.","contributorId":19019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemp","given":"Melody","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lopez, Amanda L.","contributorId":70634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stagliano, David","contributorId":25812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagliano","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Strauss, Eric A.","contributorId":54395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tank, Jennifer L.","contributorId":103870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tank","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whiles, Matt R.","contributorId":92527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiles","given":"Matt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wollheim, Wilfred M.","contributorId":104758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wollheim","given":"Wilfred M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70039470,"text":"70039470 - 2000 - Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"70039470","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:00:17","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":379,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 2000","docAbstract":"The objectives of this study are to provide continuous discharge records for selected rivers at specific sites to supply the needs for regulation, analytical studies, definition of statistical properties, trends analysis, determination of the occurrence, and distribution of water in streams for planning. The project is also designed to determine lake levels and to provide discharge for floods, low-flow conditions, and for water-quality investigations. Requests for streamflow data and information relating to streamflow in Wisconsin are answered. Basic data are published annually in the report \"Water Resources Data-Wisconsin\".","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70039470","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2000, Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 2000: Report, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039470.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[{"id":676,"text":"Wisconsin Water Resource Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261600,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039470/report.pdf"},{"id":261601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039470/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.9,42.5 ], [ -92.9,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,42.5 ], [ -92.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd174e4b08c986b32f43e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","contributorId":127977,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","id":535316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005924,"text":"wdrNJ993 - 2000 - Water Resources Data - New Jersey, Water Year 1999, Volume 3, Water-Quality Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"wdrNJ993","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NJ-99-3","title":"Water Resources Data - New Jersey, Water Year 1999, Volume 3, Water-Quality Data","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 1999 water year for New Jersey are presented in three volumes, and consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. Volume 3 contains a summary of surface and ground water hydrologic conditions for the 1999 water year, a listing of current water-resource projects in New Jersey, a bibliography of water-related reports, articles, and fact sheets for New Jersey completed by the Geological Survey in recent years, water-quality records of chemical analyses from 133 surface-water stations, 46 miscellaneous surface-water sites, 30 ground-water stations, 41 miscellaneous ground-water sites, and records of daily statistics of temperature and other physical measurements from 17 continuous-monitoring stations. Locations of water-quality stations are shown in figures 11 and 17-20. Locations of miscellaneous water-quality sites are shown in figures 29-32 and 34. These data represent the part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, State, and local agencies in New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ993","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"DeLuca, M., Romanok, K., Riskin, M., Mattes, G., Thomas, A., and Gray, B., 2000, Water Resources Data - New Jersey, Water Year 1999, Volume 3, Water-Quality Data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NJ-99-3, xii, 517 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNJ993.","productDescription":"xii, 517 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_NJ_99_3.gif"},{"id":101706,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1999/nj-99-3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5,40.166666666666664 ], [ -75.5,40.666666666666664 ], [ -74.33333333333333,40.666666666666664 ], [ -74.33333333333333,40.166666666666664 ], [ -75.5,40.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLuca, M.J.","contributorId":7663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLuca","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romanok, K.M.","contributorId":55900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riskin, M.L.","contributorId":33384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riskin","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattes, G.L.","contributorId":85544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattes","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thomas, A.M.","contributorId":47735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gray, B.J.","contributorId":100331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005311,"text":"70005311 - 2000 - Accuracy assessment for the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Land-Cover Mapping Program: New York and New Jersey Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:57:55","indexId":"70005311","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy assessment for the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Land-Cover Mapping Program: New York and New Jersey Region","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with other government and private organizations, is producing a conterminous U.S. land-cover map using Landsat Thematic Mapper 30-meter data for the Federal regions designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Accuracy assessment is to be conducted for each Federal region to estimate overall and class-specific accuracies. In Region 2, consisting of New York and New Jersey, the accuracy assessment was completed for 15 land-cover and land-use classes, using interpreted 1:40,000-scale aerial photographs as reference data. The methodology used for Region 2 features a two-stage, geographically stratified approach, with a general sample of all classes (1,033 sample sites), and a separate sample for rare classes (294 sample sites). A confidence index was recorded for each land-cover interpretation on the 1:40,000-scale aerial photography The estimated overall accuracy for Region 2 was 63 percent (standard error 1.4 percent) using all sample sites, and 75.2 percent (standard error 1.5 percent) using only reference sites with a high-confidence index. User's and producer's accuracies for the general sample and user's accuracy for the sample of rare classes, as well as variance for the estimated accuracy parameters, were also reported. Narrowly defined land-use classes and heterogeneous conditions of land cover are the major causes of misclassification errors. Recommendations for modifying the accuracy assessment methodology for use in the other nine Federal regions are provided.","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Z., Yang, L., Stehman, S.V., and Czaplewski, R.L., 2000, Accuracy assessment for the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Land-Cover Mapping Program: New York and New Jersey Region: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 66, p. 1425-1438.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1438","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91951,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2000_zhu_z001.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69966e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang","contributorId":70726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehman, Stephen V.","contributorId":77283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Czaplewski, Raymond L.","contributorId":62729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czaplewski","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224272,"text":"5224272 - 2000 - Comparison of helicopter and ground surveys of waterfowl broods in southern Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T16:56:00.59032","indexId":"5224272","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2894,"text":"Northeast Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of helicopter and ground surveys of waterfowl broods in southern Ontario","docAbstract":"Managers often employ aerial survey information to manage waterfowl.  Results of surveys by helicopter and from elevated platforms were compared to determine the accuracy of helicopters to detect waterfowl broods on beaver ponds in southern Ontario in 1996 and 1997.  Fewer broods were detected from the helicopter than by observers in elevated platforms at wetland margins.  When broods were detected by helicopter crews, >90% were correctly enumerated and >80% were correctly aged.  A second helicopter survey, the day following the first survey, did not change the Visibility Correction Factor (VCF) substantially (1.79 vs. 1.53).  Data from the 2 helicopter surveys combined (without ground counts) resulted in greater VCFs (2.17) than when a single helicopter survey and ground count was used (VCF = 1.79).  In general, VCFs for most waterfowl broods were lower in forested or closed (emergent and scrub-shrub) wetland habitats than on open wetlands.  When multiple broods were present on a wetland, sightability of the additional broods (second, third, etc.) was lower for the helicopter crew than ground crew.  Surveys by helicopter are likely most useful to develop indices for waterfowl broods of diver species in large inaccessible areas.  If accurate information is required on dabbler brood densities, age, and number of ducklings, quiet observation by crews in elevated platforms should be used.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Gabor, T., Longcore, J.R., Murkin, H., and Arnason, A., 2000, Comparison of helicopter and ground surveys of waterfowl broods in southern Ontario: Northeast Wildlife, v. 55, p. 11-19.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405259,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digital.libraries.psu.edu/digital/collection/newildlife/id/5792/rec/1"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","city":"Gilmour","otherGeospatial":"Canadian Shield, Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.04275512695312,\n              44.4357410376761\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8548583984375,\n              44.4357410376761\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8548583984375,\n              45.061881623213026\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.04275512695312,\n              45.061881623213026\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.04275512695312,\n              44.4357410376761\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gabor, T.S.","contributorId":97214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabor","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murkin, H.R.","contributorId":35697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murkin","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnason, A.N.","contributorId":88056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnason","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224181,"text":"5224181 - 2000 - Evaluating immunocontraception for managing suburban white-tailed deer in Irondequoit, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T16:12:10.844249","indexId":"5224181","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating immunocontraception for managing suburban white-tailed deer in Irondequoit, New York","docAbstract":"Immunocontraception is frequently proposed as an alternative to lethal removal of females for deer management. However, little information is available for evaluating the potential of applying immunocontraceptives to free-ranging populations. Our objectives were to estimate effort required to apply porcine zona pellucida (PZP) to individual deer and assess the utility of using immunocontraception to control growth of deer populations.  The study was conducted in a 43-km2 suburban community with about 400 deer.  Effort per deer was measured as time required to capture and mark deer, and then to apply booster immunocontraceptive treatments by remote injection.  Estimates of numbers of females to treat to control population growth were based on the generalized sustained-yield (SY) model adapted for contraception of females. The SY curve was calibrated using data on deer abundance acquired from aerial population surveys and nutritional condition of females removed by a concurrent culling program.  Effort was influenced by 4 factors: deer population density, approachability of individual deer, access to private and public land, and efficacy of the contraceptive treatment.  Effort and deer density were inversely related. Cumulative effort for treatment increased exponentially because some deer were more difficult to approach than others.  Potential of using immunocontraception at low deer population densities (<25% ecological carrying capacity) is limited by the interaction of the proportion of breeding-age females in the population and treatment efficacy, as well as encounter rates. Immunocontraception has the best potential for holding suburban deer populations between 30 and 70% of ecological carrying capacity, but is likely to be useful only in localized populations when the number of females to be treated is small (e.g., <200 deer).","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803244","usgsCitation":"Rudolph, B., Porter, W., and Underwood, H., 2000, Evaluating immunocontraception for managing suburban white-tailed deer in Irondequoit, New York: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 2, p. 463-473, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803244.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"473","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Irondequoit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.67333984375,\n              43.17313537107136\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.49481201171875,\n              43.17313537107136\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.49481201171875,\n              43.292200750082785\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.67333984375,\n              43.292200750082785\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.67333984375,\n              43.17313537107136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudolph, B.A.","contributorId":23257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, W.F.","contributorId":81597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Underwood, H.B. 0000-0002-2064-9128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":90849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223979,"text":"5223979 - 2000 - Estimation of contributions to population growth: A reverse-time capture-recapture approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:56:48.362059","indexId":"5223979","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of contributions to population growth: A reverse-time capture-recapture approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>We consider methods for estimating the relative contributions of different demographic components, and their associated vital rates, to population growth. We identify components of the population at time&nbsp;</span><i>i</i><span>&nbsp;(including a component for animals not in the population at&nbsp;</span><i>i</i><span>). For each such component we ask the following question: “What is the probability that an individual randomly selected from the population at time&nbsp;</span><i>i</i><span>&nbsp;+ 1 was a member of this component at&nbsp;</span><i>i</i><span>?” The estimation methods for these probabilities (γ</span><sub><i>i</i></sub><span>) are based on capture–recapture studies of marked animal populations and use reverse-time modeling. We consider several different sampling situations and present example analyses for meadow voles,&nbsp;</span><i>Microtus pennsylvanicus.</i><span>&nbsp;The relationship between these γ</span><sub><i>i</i></sub><span>&nbsp;parameters and elasticities (and other parameters based on projection matrix asymptotics) is noted and discussed. We conclude by suggesting that model-based asymptotics be viewed as demographic theory and that direct estimation approaches be used to test this theory with data from sampled populations with marked animals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3362:EOCTPG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Hines, J., Lebreton, J., and Pradel, R., 2000, Estimation of contributions to population growth: A reverse-time capture-recapture approach: Ecology, v. 81, no. 12, p. 3362-3376, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3362:EOCTPG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3362","endPage":"3376","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-02126409","text":"External Repository"},{"id":202199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb8ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lebreton, J.D.","contributorId":104186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pradel, R.","contributorId":85692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pradel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224042,"text":"5224042 - 2000 - Consideraciones para la estimacion de abundancia de poblaciones de mamiferos.  [Considerations for the estimation of abundance of mammal populations.]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5224042","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2695,"text":"Mastozoologia Neotropical / Journal of Neotropical Mammalogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consideraciones para la estimacion de abundancia de poblaciones de mamiferos.  [Considerations for the estimation of abundance of mammal populations.]","docAbstract":"Estimation of abundance of mammal populations is essential for monitoring programs and for many ecological investigations.  The first step for any study of variation in mammal abundance over space or time is to define the objectives of the study and how and why abundance data are to be used.  The data used to estimate abundance are count statistics in the form of counts of animals or their signs.  There are two major sources of uncertainty that must be considered in the design of the study: spatial variation and the relationship between abundance and the count statistic.  Spatial variation in the distribution of animals or signs may be taken into account with appropriate spatial sampling.  Count statistics may be viewed as random variables, with the expected value of the count statistic equal to the true abundance of the population multiplied by a coefficient p.  With direct counts, p represents the probability of detection or capture of individuals, and with indirect counts it represents the rate of production of the signs as well as their probability of detection.  Comparisons of abundance using count statistics from different times or places assume that the p are the same for all times or places being compared (p= pi).  In spite of considerable evidence that this assumption rarely holds true, it is commonly made in studies of mammal abundance, as when the minimum number alive or indices based on sign counts are used to compare abundance in different habitats or times.  Alternatives to relying on this assumption are to calibrate the index used by testing the assumption of p= pi, or to incorporate the estimation of p into the study design.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mastozoologia Neotropical / Journal of Neotropical Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"In Spanish with English summary ; ISSN 0327-9383  5664_Walker.pdf","usgsCitation":"Walker, R., Novare, A., and Nichols, J., 2000, Consideraciones para la estimacion de abundancia de poblaciones de mamiferos.  [Considerations for the estimation of abundance of mammal populations.]: Mastozoologia Neotropical / Journal of Neotropical Mammalogy, v. 7, no. 2, p. 73-80.","productDescription":"73-80","startPage":"73","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8065","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, R.S.","contributorId":94011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novare, A.J.","contributorId":17735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novare","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224089,"text":"5224089 - 2000 - The 1995-1999 Summary of the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224089","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1051,"text":"Bird Populations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1995-1999 Summary of the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"Data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey were used to estimate continental and regional changes in bird populations for the 5-yr period 1995-1999 and the 2-yr period 1998-1999.  These short-term changes were placed in the context of population trends estimated over the 1966-1999 interval.  During 1995-1999, 44% of all species exhibited positive trends over the entire survey area, while 44% of all species exhibited positive trends during 1998-1999; neither of these percentages differed significantly from 50%.  The continental and regional percentages of species with positive trends were also analyzed for 12 species groups having shared life-history traits.  Survey-wide for the entire survey period, grassland birds exhibited the lowest percentage of increasing species (19%).  However, during 1995-1999 the declines were less extreme in the Central and Western BBS regions, with 49% and 36% of species increasing in these regions.  Neotropical migrants continued to fare better than grassland birds in all regions, although in the Eastern BBS region only 30% of neotropical species had increasing trends during 1995-1999.    ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pardieck, K., and Sauer, J., 2000, The 1995-1999 Summary of the North American Breeding Bird Survey: Bird Populations, v. 5, p. 30-48.","productDescription":"30-48","startPage":"30","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6835b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pardieck, K.L.","contributorId":41929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardieck","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224046,"text":"5224046 - 2000 - Inferences about nested subsets structure when not all species are detected","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T16:23:17.644685","indexId":"5224046","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferences about nested subsets structure when not all species are detected","docAbstract":"Comparisons of species composition among ecological communities of different size have often provided evidence that the species in communities with lower species richness form nested subsets of the species in larger communities.  In the vast majority of studies, the question of nested subsets has been addressed using information on presence-absence, where a '0' is interpreted as the absence of a given species from a given location.  Most of the methodological discussion in earlier studies investigating nestedness concerns the approach to generation of model-based matrices.  However, it is most likely that in many situations investigators cannot detect all the species present in the location sampled.  The possibility that zeros in incidence matrices reflect nondetection rather than absence of species has not been considered in studies addressing nested subsets, even though the position of zeros in these matrices forms the basis of earlier inference methods.  These sampling artifacts are likely to lead to erroneous conclusions about both variation over space in species richness and the degree of similarity of the various locations.  Here we propose an approach to investigation of nestedness, based on statistical inference methods explicitly incorporating species detection probability, that take into account the probabilistic nature of the sampling process.  We use presence-absence data collected under Pollock?s robust capture-recapture design, and resort to an estimator of species richness originally developed for closed populations to assess the proportion of species shared by different locations.  We develop testable predictions corresponding to the null hypothesis of a nonnested pattern, and an alternative hypothesis of perfect nestedness.  We also present an index for assessing the degree of nestedness of a system of ecological communities.  We illustrate our approach using avian data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey collected in Florida Keys.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910303.x","usgsCitation":"Cam, E., Nichols, J., Hines, J., and Sauer, J., 2000, Inferences about nested subsets structure when not all species are detected: Oikos, v. 91, no. 3, p. 428-434, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910303.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"428","endPage":"434","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.430419921875,\n              24.297040469311558\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9639892578125,\n              24.297040469311558\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9639892578125,\n              25.492868271257127\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.430419921875,\n              25.492868271257127\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.430419921875,\n              24.297040469311558\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bcfb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cam, E.","contributorId":12952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223962,"text":"5223962 - 2000 - Hazards to wildlife from soil-borne cadmium reconsidered","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T17:18:29.539088","indexId":"5223962","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hazards to wildlife from soil-borne cadmium reconsidered","docAbstract":"Cadmium is a toxic element that should be included in environmental risk assessments of contaminated soils.  This paper argues, however, that hazards to wildlife from cadmium have often been overstated.  The literature contains only meager evidence that wild animals have been seriously harmed by cadmium, even at severely contaminated sites.  Although some researchers have reported that wildlife have accumulated concentrations of cadmium in their kidneys that were above suggested injury thresholds, the thresholds may be disputed, since they were well below the World Health Organization criterion of 200 mg/kg (wet weight) of cadmium in the renal cortex for protecting human health.  Recent risk assessments have concluded that soil cadmium concentrations less than 1 mg/kg are toxic to soil organisms and wildlife, which implies that background concentrations of cadmium naturally found in soils are hazardous.  An examination of the databases used to support these assessments suggested that the toxicity of cadmium has been exaggerated.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050002x","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., 2000, Hazards to wildlife from soil-borne cadmium reconsidered: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 29, no. 5, p. 1380-1384, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050002x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1380","endPage":"1384","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bfe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223922,"text":"5223922 - 2000 - Relative species richness and community completeness: avian communities and urbanization in the mid-Atlantic states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T18:47:01.616126","indexId":"5223922","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative species richness and community completeness: avian communities and urbanization in the mid-Atlantic states","docAbstract":"The idea that local factors govern local richness has been dominant for years, but recent theoretical and empirical studies have stressed the influence of regional factors on local richness.  Fewer species at a site could reflect not only the influence of local factors, but also a smaller regional pool.  The possible dependency of local richness on the regional pool should be taken into account when addressing the influence of local factors on local richness.  It is possible to account for this potential dependency by comparing relative species richness among sites, rather than species richness per se.  We consider estimation of a metric permitting assessment of relative species richness in a typical situation in which not all species are detected during sampling sessions.  In this situation, estimates of absolute or relative species richness need to account for variation in species detection probability if they are to be unbiased.  We present a method to estimate relative species richness based on capture-recapture models.  This approach involves definition of a species list from regional data, and estimation of the number of species in that list that are present at a site-year of interest.  We use this approach to address the influence of urbanization on relative richness of avian communities in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.  There is a negative relationship between relative richness and landscape variables describing the level of urban development.  We believe that this metric should prove very useful for conservation and management purposes because it is based on an estimator of species richness that both accounts for potential variation in species detection probability and allows flexibility in the specification of a 'reference community.'  This metric can be used to assess ecological integrity, the richness of the community of interest relative to that of the 'original' community, or to assess change since some previous time in a community.","largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1196:RSRACC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cam, E., Nichols, J., Sauer, J., Hines, J., and Flather, C., 2000, Relative species richness and community completeness: avian communities and urbanization in the mid-Atlantic states: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 4, p. 1196-1210, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1196:RSRACC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1196","endPage":"1210","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West 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0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flather, C.H.","contributorId":73161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flather","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223934,"text":"5223934 - 2000 - Patterns of colony-site use and disuse in saltmarsh-nesting Common and Roseate terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:36","indexId":"5223934","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of colony-site use and disuse in saltmarsh-nesting Common and Roseate terns","docAbstract":"Nearly all previous studies of saltmarsh-nesting Common Terns on the east coast of the United States have concluded that tidal saltmarshes were suboptimal or marginal breeding habitats.  Questioning that conclusion, we analyzed patterns of both saltmarsh and nonmarsh colony use (stability, movement, establishment, abandonment, and size) obtained during 5 yr of annual helicopter censuses of all Common and Roseate terns breeding on Long Island, New York.   We found 1900-3600 pairs at 10-33 saltmarsh and 22-30 nonmarsh sites; there were few biologically important differences between Common Terns nesting at marsh and at nonmarsh sites. We did find that (1) marsh sites and colony sizes increased through the study period; (2) both marsh and nonmarsh colonies grew with duration of occupancy; (3) smaller marsh and nonmarsh colonies (<50 pairs) usually lasted only 12 yr, while larger colonies were equally likely to persist for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 yr; (4) numbers of marsh and nonmarsh sites used each year were generally unrelated to population sizes; (5) 5yr sites composed only 10.6% of total marsh and 17.6% of total nonmarsh sites; (6) the mean sizes of both newly established and about-to-be-abandoned colonies were smaller than the mean sizes of all others when averaged between but not within years; (7) most previously occupied sites, once abandoned, remained so for only 1 yr, and most new sites were occupied for only a single year; (8) annual turnover rates were 32%-49% for both marsh and nonmarsh sites; (9) marsh and nonmarsh breeding populations were correlated each year, allowing estimation of the total Long Island population to within +4% by censusing only the 20-25% in saltmarshes.  Roseate Tern data were few, especially in marshes, obviating marsh-nonmarsh comparisons, except that Roseates failed to persist in saltmarshes, and their overall mean colony sizes across the same numbers of years' occupancy were usually smaller than Commons', although their turnover rates were roughly the same.  We conclude that saltmarsh-nesting Common Terns are well adapted to marsh nesting and that they have probably been doing so for perhaps hundreds of generations.  We hypothesize that it may have been a relict population of saltmarsh-nesters that saved the species from extirpation in the late 1800s.  In contrast, Roseate Tern's failure to exploit extensive saltmarsh habitat seems yet another factor abetting its precarious status in northeastern North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5499_Buckley.pdf","usgsCitation":"Buckley, P.A., and Buckley, F.G., 2000, Patterns of colony-site use and disuse in saltmarsh-nesting Common and Roseate terns: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 71, no. 2, p. 356-369.","productDescription":"356-369","startPage":"356","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17124,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1648%2F0273-8570%282000%29071%5B0356%3APOCSUA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckley, P. A.","contributorId":69264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, F. G.","contributorId":73319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223930,"text":"5223930 - 2000 - Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the mid-Atlantic integrated assessment region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T16:40:04.522828","indexId":"5223930","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the mid-Atlantic integrated assessment region","docAbstract":"Species richness of local communities is a state variable commonly used in community ecology and conservation biology.  Investigation of spatial and temporal variations in richness and identification of factors associated with these variations form a basis for specifying management plans, evaluating these plans, and for testing hypotheses of theoretical interest.  However, estimation of species richness is not trivial: species can be missed by investigators during sampling sessions.  Sampling artifacts can lead to erroneous conclusions on spatial and temporal variation in species richness.  Here we use data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to estimate parameters describing the state of bird communities in the Mid-Atlantic Assessment (MAIA) region: species richness, extinction probability, turnover and relative species richness.  We use a recently developed approach to estimation of species richness and related parameters that does not require the assumption that all the species are detected during sampling efforts.  The information presented here is intended to visualize the state of bird communities in the MAIA region.  We provide information on 1975 and 1990.  We also quantified the changes between these years.  We summarized and mapped the community attributes at a scale of management interest (watershed units).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1006473804874","usgsCitation":"Cam, E., Sauer, J.R., Nichols, J.D., Hines, J.E., and Flather, C.H., 2000, Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the mid-Atlantic integrated assessment region: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 63, no. 1, p. 81-94, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006473804874.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West 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 \"}}]}","volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a921a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cam, Emmanuelle","contributorId":78069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"Emmanuelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flather, Curtis H.","contributorId":177590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flather","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223914,"text":"5223914 - 2000 - A double-observer approach for estimating detection probability and abundance from point counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T20:21:35.960374","indexId":"5223914","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A double-observer approach for estimating detection probability and abundance from point counts","docAbstract":"Although point counts are frequently used in ornithological studies, basic assumptions about detection probabilities often are untested.  We apply a double-observer approach developed to estimate detection probabilities for aerial surveys (Cook and Jacobson 1979) to avian point counts.  At each point count, a designated 'primary' observer indicates to another ('secondary') observer all birds detected.  The secondary observer records all detections of the primary observer as well as any birds not detected by the primary observer.  Observers alternate primary and secondary roles during the course of the survey.  The approach permits estimation of observer-specific detection probabilities and bird abundance.  We developed a set of models that incorporate different assumptions about sources of variation (e.g. observer, bird species) in detection probability.  Seventeen field trials were conducted, and models were fit to the resulting data using program SURVIV.  Single-observer point counts generally miss varying proportions of the birds actually present, and observer and bird species were found to be relevant sources of variation in detection probabilities. Overall detection probabilities (probability of being detected by at least one of the two observers) estimated using the double-observer approach were very high (>0.95), yielding precise estimates of avian abundance.  We consider problems with the approach and recommend possible solutions, including restriction of the approach to fixed-radius counts to reduce the effect of variation in the effective radius of detection among various observers and to provide a basis for using spatial sampling to estimate bird abundance on large areas of interest.  We believe that most questions meriting the effort required to carry out point counts also merit serious attempts to estimate detection probabilities associated with the counts.  The double-observer approach is a method that can be used for this purpose.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/117.2.393","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Hines, J., Sauer, J., Fallon, F., Fallon, J., and Heglund, P., 2000, A double-observer approach for estimating detection probability and abundance from point counts: The Auk, v. 117, no. 2, p. 393-408, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.2.393.","productDescription":"16","startPage":"393","endPage":"408","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aece7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fallon, F.W.","contributorId":80794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fallon, J.E.","contributorId":50629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223902,"text":"5223902 - 2000 - Effects of the mosquito larvicides temephos and methoprene on insect populations in experimental ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T17:10:22.037268","indexId":"5223902","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the mosquito larvicides temephos and methoprene on insect populations in experimental ponds","docAbstract":"<p><span>The nontarget effects of Abate® 4E (44.6% temephos) at 0.054 kg of active ingredient (a.i.) per 1 ha and of Altosid® Liquid Larvicide (5% methoprene) at 0.011 kg a.i./ha were investigated in 18 experimental ponds (average area, 202 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>; maximum depth, 0.7 m) at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA. Ponds were sprayed three times at 3-week intervals. Six ponds were sprayed with Abate, six with Altosid, and six with distilled water. Two insect-emergence traps per pond collected for 7 d and were then harvested 1 d before each spray and 13 to 14 days afterward. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant reductions in Shannon diversity, equitability, and numbers of individuals, species, and families in the Abate ponds relative to controls. Significant reductions also occurred in Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Diptera, Chironomidae, and&nbsp;</span><i>Chaoborus</i><span>&nbsp;sp. Hester-Dendy samplers were installed before spray one and harvested 16 d after spray three. Based on one-way ANOVA, Shannon diversity, equitability, and number of Ephemeroptera and Chironomidae were significantly reduced in the Abate ponds. Emergence data indicate only isolated cases with significant reductions in the Altosid ponds relative to controls, and the Hester-Dendy data indicate no significant differences between the Altosid and control ponds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190320","usgsCitation":"Pinkney, A., McGowan, P.C., Murphy, D., Lowe, T., Sparling, D.W., and Ferrington, L., 2000, Effects of the mosquito larvicides temephos and methoprene on insect populations in experimental ponds: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 3, p. 678-684, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190320.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"678","endPage":"684","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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C.","contributorId":67191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, D.R.","contributorId":48677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowe, T. P.","contributorId":26028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"T. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferrington, L.C.","contributorId":87260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrington","given":"L.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223881,"text":"5223881 - 2000 - Simultaneous use of mark-recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate survival, movement, and capture rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T17:06:34.137781","indexId":"5223881","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simultaneous use of mark-recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate survival, movement, and capture rates","docAbstract":"<p>Biologists often estimate separate survival and movement rates from radio-telemetry and mark-recapture data from the same study population. We describe a method for combining these data types in a single model to obtain joint, potentially less biased estimates of survival and movement that use all available data. We furnish an example using wood thrushes (<i>Hylocichla mustelina</i>) captured at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge in central Georgia in 1996. The model structure allows estimation of survival and capture probabilities, as well as estimation of movements away from and into the study area. In addition, the model structure provides many possibilities for hypothesis testing. Using the combined model structure, we estimated that wood thrush weekly survival was 0.989 <span>±</span> 0.007 (<span>±</span>SE). Survival rates of banded and radio-marked individuals were not different (<span>α</span>[<i>S<sub>radioed</sub></i>, <i>S<sub>banded</sub>]</i>=log[<i>S<sub>radioed</sub></i>/<i>S<sub>banded</sub></i>]=0.0239 <span>±</span> 0.0435). Fidelity rates (weekly probability of remaining in a stratum) did not differ between geographic strata (<span>Ψ </span>= 0.911 <span>±</span> 0.020; <span>α</span> [<span>Ψ</span><sup>11</sup>, <span>Ψ</span><sup>22</sup>]=0.0161 <span>±</span> 0.047), and recapture rates (<i>p</i> = 0.097 <span>±</span> 0.016) banded and radio-marked individuals were not different (<span>α</span>[<i>P<sub>radioed</sub></i>, <i>P<sub>banded</sub></i>]=0.145 <span>±</span> 0.655). Combining these data types in a common model resulted in more precise estimates of movement and recapture rates than separate estimation, but ability to detect stratum or mark-specific differences in parameters was week. We conducted simulation trials to investigate the effects of varying study designs on parameter accuracy and statistical power to detect important differences. Parameter accuracy was high (relative bias [RBIAS] &lt;2 %) and confidence interval coverage close to nominal, except for survival estimates of banded birds for the 'off study area' stratum, which were negatively biased (RBIAS -7 to -15%) when sample sizes were small (5-10 banded or radioed animals 'released' per time interval). To provide adequate data for useful inference from this model, study designs should seek a minimum of 25 animals of each marking type observed (marked or observed via telemetry) in each time period and geographic stratum.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803003","usgsCitation":"Powell, L., Conroy, M., Hines, J., Nichols, J., and Krementz, D., 2000, Simultaneous use of mark-recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate survival, movement, and capture rates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 302-313, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f18c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5224164,"text":"5224164 - 2000 - Evaluation of the immunological and hematological effects of chronic exposure of adult Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at concentrations equivalent to those at contaminated sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5224164","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the immunological and hematological effects of chronic exposure of adult Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at concentrations equivalent to those at contaminated sites","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls are known to cause adverse health effects to biological systems; however, limited data is available on their effects on the immune system of wild species. Previous work by our lab found that 4 and 6-week old white-footed mice (Perornyscus leucopus) born from dams injected with a single dose (300 mg/kg) of Aroclor 1254, had altered immunological, hematological, and biochemical responses. The present study examines various immunological parameters of 22-week old white footed mice born from dams chronically exposed to Aroclor 1254 at concentrations equivalent to those at contaminated sites. Females were fed diets containing either Aroclor 1254 in corn oil or corn off only, for 3 months, then bred; pups were maintained on the same diets as their mothers. At 22 weeks of age, 31 of the young Peromyscus were analyzed. Body and organ weights were taken and immune function was evaluated by assessing blood profiles, cellularity of thymus and spleen, antibody response to the antigen DNP-KLH, and the in vitro proliferative response to the T-cell mitogen Conconavalin A (Con A). Liver weights and liver to body weight ratios in the treated mice were significantly higher compared to controls, while the combined weights of the adrenal glands were significantly lower. In addition, the number of thymocytes in the treated mice was significantly lower than that of the controls; however, thymocytes of treated mice had a higher degree of proliferation to Con A. Taken together, these results and those obtained from our previous study, indicate that monitoring of vulnerable immunological parameters in white-footed mice may be a useful indicator of exposure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century:  Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Arena, S., Segre, M., and French, J., 2000, Evaluation of the immunological and hematological effects of chronic exposure of adult Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at concentrations equivalent to those at contaminated sites: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","productDescription":"232 (abstract PWA066)","startPage":"232 (abstr","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa2bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arena, S.R.","contributorId":90431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arena","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segre, M.","contributorId":49483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segre","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"French, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":23252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222380,"text":"5222380 - 2000 - Seasonal distribution of bird populations at the Patuxent Research Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5222380","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:28","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal distribution of bird populations at the Patuxent Research Refuge","docAbstract":"A detailed study of seasonal changes in bird populationswas made at the Patuxent Research Refuge, located between Bowie and Laurel, Maryland during the years 1936-1949.  The history of the Refuge is reviewed  and its physical and biological characteristlcs summarized..  The methods of study used during the investigation mcluded: periodic censuses of a representative 304-acre study area over a two-year period; a census of the breeding population of the entire. Refuge during one year; detailed population studies of representative habitats during the breeding season; censuses of the wintering  population of. the entire Refuge during two years; general surveys of wintering populations for seven years; and general observations of seasonal changes in bird populatlons over a fourteen-year period, including data from an extensive banding program and from many special types of censuses.  The phenology of the Refuge is described in conslderable detail throughout the year, with special attention given to major fluctuatIons in bIrd populations as correlated with climatic  changes and with seasonal aspectlon. of the vegetation. The component specIes of birds m the more important migration waves are listed. Figures approximating the Refuge breeding and wmtering populations are given, while indices representing the relative abundance of bird populations, based on figures from the two-year seasonal populatlon study, were obtained for the entire year.  The greatest variety of species as well as the greatest number  of individuals occurred on the Refuge during the migration .periods in spring and  fall, the variety of species being slightly higher in spring than in fa!l, while the population of individuals was considerably higher in fall. Wmtering and breeding populations were low and relatively stable compared to the populations at other seasons.The ecological affinities of the bird populations differed greatly from one season to another. Species characteristic of edge habitats were much more numerous in winter, while forest species were predominant in summer. Insectivorous species comprised a large proportion (40 to 60 percent) of the total population during the warmer months, but were of minor importance in winter. The greatest number of species of birds on the Refuge occurred during the population peaks of insectivorous species, while the largest number of individuals was found during the population peaks of omnivorous and herbivorous species. The population peaks of insectivorous species were found to occur much later in spring and considerably earlier in fall than the. corresponding peaks of omnivorous and herbivorous species. The Fringillidae contributed the greatest number of individuals in winter, while the Parulidae was the most important family (numerically) in summer. Water birds and marsh birds were relatively unimportant throughout the year, due to the scarcity of suitable habitats.  Permanent resident species were found to vary from about one-fifth to slightly less than one-half of the total population throughout the year, although many individuals of these species were either transients or part-time residents. Summer residents and winter residents were more abundant than permanent residents during their respective periods of occurrence. During the greater part of the migration period, transient species were found to comprise only 10 to 20 percent of the total population.   transient individuals of all species would account for a much larger proportion of the population at this time.   After comparing the results of these investigations with similar studies in other areas, it is believed that the seasonal population changes on the Patuxent Research Refuge are fairly representative of those occurring throughout the Middle Atlantic and East-central States.  Yearly variations in seasonal population changes are described and the causative factors indicated, when known. Of these, food supply and weather conditions were generally the m","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"414_Stewart.pdf","usgsCitation":"Stewart, R.E., Cope, J., Robbins, C., and Brainerd, J., 2000, Seasonal distribution of bird populations at the Patuxent Research Refuge: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21, no. 2, p. 257-363.","productDescription":"229. (abstract PWA051)","startPage":"257","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"107","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16612,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2422265","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, R. E.","contributorId":93426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, J.B.","contributorId":77254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brainerd, J.W.","contributorId":49883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brainerd","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211283,"text":"5211283 - 2000 - Rising seas and sinking coastal marshes: Implications to Atlantic waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5211283","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Rising seas and sinking coastal marshes: Implications to Atlantic waterbirds","docAbstract":"Along the mid-Atlantic U.S. coast, relative sea level rise (RSLR) is higher than the global average of 1.5-2.0 mm/yr, ranging from about 2.5 in parts of Virginia and Delaware to about 4.0 in New Jersey (Atlantic City and Sandy Hook) and near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, Virginia.  Very few data exist on marsh elevation changes, but information from some areas in Virginia, New Jersey and New York suggest that marsh islands are not 'keeping pace' with this RSLR.  We began a study in 1999 that addresses changes in sea level and marsh elevation at sites from Cape Cod to s. Virginia known to be important areas for migratory waterbirds, including waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and seabirds.  Marsh monitoring sites have been established and data on microhabitat use by birds during all 4 seasons is being collected at these sites.  Species expected to be most vulnerable to RSLR in these marshes are breeding species such as Laughing Gulls, Common, Gull-billed and Forster's terns, Clapper Rails, and American Black Ducks.  Most of these species are of special concern at state, regional, or national levels.  We show how important this region to these species from a flyway perspective, with> 70% of all Atlantic coast Laughing Gulls and Forster's Terns nesting from New Jersey to Virginia.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Living on the Edge -- Birds 2000:  Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","publisherLocation":"St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada","collaboration":"Program for the One Hundred and Eighteenth Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union in conjunction with the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society of Canadian Ornithologists, Societe des Ornithologistes du Canada and the  British Ornithologists' Union, August 14-19, 2000.  OCLC:  45282415","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Prosser, D., and Sanders, G., 2000, Rising seas and sinking coastal marshes: Implications to Atlantic waterbirds, chap. <i>of</i> Living on the Edge -- Birds 2000:  Abstracts, p. 12-13.","productDescription":"154","startPage":"12","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"154","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db6004fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prosser, D.J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":65185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanders, G.","contributorId":86450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211282,"text":"5211282 - 2000 - Painted Bunting Breeding Bird Survey trends associated with landscape changes in Georgia and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5211282","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Painted Bunting Breeding Bird Survey trends associated with landscape changes in Georgia and South Carolina","docAbstract":"Landscape changes during the first 3 decades of the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) may account for the Painted Bunting's declining population trend.  In the southeastern U.S., it is estimated that this bunting has declined 3.5 % per year since 1966. I collected landscape data centered on identical 5-stop areas (n = 33, 306 ha each) of the BBS during early (1960s - 1970s) and late decades (1980s - 1990s).  Peak 30-yr counts for Painted Buntings were found at the center of the 5-stop areas.  I used stepwise multiple regression analysis to model the mean number of Painted Buntings (in the area during 3 yr, dependent variable) associated with landscape metrics (independent variables). During the early decades the average amount of edge on developed land (p = 0.10), average patch size of agriculture land (p = 0.01), average size of shrub-scrub and young forest (p = 0.09), and average amount of edge for emergent wetlands (p = 0.03) explained 40% of the variation in Painted Buntings counts.  In the late decades average amount of edge on developed land (p = 0.04) and average amount of edge on emergent wetlands (p = 0.005) explained 35% of the variation in Painted Bunting counts.  Large losses of agricultural land (proportion = 0.177 to 0.094), which was developed or converted to intensively managed pin plantations, may have reduced potential bunting breeding habitat.  Shrub-scrub and young forest habitat was constant (proportion = 0.136 to 0.134) but did not affect mean counts of buntings in the late decades.  Protected emergent wetlands remained constnat also from the early to late decades (proportion = 0.056 to 0.06) and may provide habitat to maintain a smaller Painted Bunting population.  At this time, it's unclear how develped land, which is increasing (proportion = 0.036 to 0.088), may be affecting the Painted Bunting population in GS and SC.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Living on the Edge -- Birds 2000:  Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","publisherLocation":"St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada","collaboration":"Program for the One Hundred and Eighteenth Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union in conjunction with the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society of Canadian Ornithologists, Societe des Ornithologistes du Canada and the  British Ornithologists' Union, August 14-19, 2000.  OCLC:  45282415","usgsCitation":"Meyers, J., 2000, Painted Bunting Breeding Bird Survey trends associated with landscape changes in Georgia and South Carolina, chap. <i>of</i> Living on the Edge -- Birds 2000:  Abstracts, p. 35-36.","productDescription":"154","startPage":"35","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"154","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}