Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been shown to decrease plant species richness along regional deposition gradients in Europe and in experimental manipulations. However, the general response of species richness to N deposition across different vegetation types, soil conditions, and climates remains largely unknown even though responses may be contingent on these environmental factors. We assessed the effect of N deposition on herbaceous richness for 15,136 forest, woodland, shrubland, and grassland sites across the continental United States, to address how edaphic and climatic conditions altered vulnerability to this stressor. In our dataset, with N deposition ranging from 1 to 19 kg N⋅ha−1⋅y−1, we found a unimodal relationship; richness increased at low deposition levels and decreased above 8.7 and 13.4 kg N⋅ha−1⋅y−1 in open and closed-canopy vegetation, respectively. N deposition exceeded critical loads for loss of plant species richness in 24% of 15,136 sites examined nationwide. There were negative relationships between species richness and N deposition in 36% of 44 community gradients. Vulnerability to N deposition was consistently higher in more acidic soils whereas the moderating roles of temperature and precipitation varied across scales. We demonstrate here that negative relationships between N deposition and species richness are common, albeit not universal, and that fine-scale processes can moderate vegetation responses to N deposition. Our results highlight the importance of contingent factors when estimating ecosystem vulnerability to N deposition and suggest that N deposition is affecting species richness in forested and nonforested systems across much of the continental United States.
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Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Throop, Heather L. 0000-0002-7963-4342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-4342","contributorId":139051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Throop","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12633,"text":"Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Waller, Donald M.","contributorId":168386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waller","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70169971,"text":"70169971 - 2016 - Habitat selection by green turtles in a spatially heterogeneous benthic landscape in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T15:47:17","indexId":"70169971","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-31T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":860,"text":"Aquatic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat selection by green turtles in a spatially heterogeneous benthic landscape in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"We examined habitat selection by green turtles Chelonia mydas at Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA. We tracked 15 turtles (6 females and 9 males) using platform transmitter terminals (PTTs); 13 of these turtles were equipped with additional acoustic transmitters. Location data by PTTs comprised periods of 40 to 226 d in varying months from 2009 to 2012. Core areas were concentrated in shallow water (mean bathymetry depth of 7.7 m) with a comparably dense coverage of seagrass; however, the utilization distribution overlap index indicated a low degree of habitat sharing. The probability of detecting a turtle on an acoustic receiver was inversely associated with the distance from the receiver to turtle capture sites and was lower in shallower water. The estimated daily detection probability of a single turtle at a given acoustic station throughout the acoustic array was small (<0.1 in any year), and that of multiple turtle detections was even smaller. However, the conditional probability of multiple turtle detections, given at least one turtle detection at a receiver, was much higher despite the small number of tagged turtles in each year (n = 1 to 5). Also, multiple detections of different turtles at a receiver frequently occurred within a few minutes (40%, or 164 of 415, occurred within 1 min). Our numerical estimates of core area overlap, co-occupancy probabilities, and habitat characterization for green turtles could be used to guide conservation of the area to sustain the population of this species.
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Streamflow and groundwater data are verified throughout the year by USGS hydrographers and made available to water-resource managers, recreationists, and Federal, State, and local agencies. Hydrologic conditions are determined by comparing the statistical analyses of data collected during the current water year to historical data. Changing hydrologic conditions underscore the need for accurate, timely data to allow informed decisions about the management and conservation of Georgia’s water resources for agricultural, recreational, ecological, and water-supply needs and in protecting life and property.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
Poor understanding of the water cycle in tropical ecosystems has the potential to exacerbate water shortages and water crises in the region. We suggest that the Galápagos Islands provide an excellent proxy to regions across the tropics as a result of sharp hydroclimatic, anthropogenic, and pedohydrologic gradients across the archipelago. Hydroclimatic and pedohydrologic gradients are found across different elevations on single islands, as well as across the archipelago, whereas anthropogenic gradients reflect land use and land cover change across islands as population and growth in tourism have affected individual islands differently. This article highlights specific opportunities to further examine our understanding of the interactions between water and critical zone processes in tropical ecosystems, making connections between the Galápagos archipelago and much of the understudied tropics. The Galápagos archipelago offers a natural laboratory through which we can examine current threats to freshwater security as well as the dynamics of coupled natural and human systems.
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Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171122,"text":"70171122 - 2016 - Young of the year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) as a bioindicator of estuarine health: Establishing a new baseline for persistent organic pollutants after Hurricane Sandy for selected estuaries in New Jersey and New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:33:06","indexId":"70171122","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-31T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Young of the year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) as a bioindicator of estuarine health: Establishing a new baseline for persistent organic pollutants after Hurricane Sandy for selected estuaries in New Jersey and New York","docAbstract":"Atlantic coastal bays of the US are essential habitat for young of year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). Their residence in these estuaries during critical life stages, high lipid content, and piscivory make bluefish an ideal bioindicator species for evaluating estuarine health. Individual whole fish from four estuaries impacted by Hurricane Sandy were collected in August 2013, analyzed for a suite of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides and evaluated using health metrics. Concentrations in whole bluefish differed by estuary; however, concentrations for many POPs decreased or were similar to those observed prior to the hurricane. Prevalence of the ectoparasitic gill isopod (Lironeca ovalis) varied by estuary and no relationships between contaminants and lesions were observed. Bluefish should be considered for monitoring programs and, if sampled frequently, could be an effective bioindicator of incremental and episodic changes in contaminants within aquatic food webs.
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U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, Kansas 66049
Remote sensing science is currently undergoing a tremendous expansion in the area of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology. Spurred largely by the explosive growth of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), sometimes called Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), or drones, HSI capabilities that once required access to one of only a handful of very specialized and expensive sensor systems are now miniaturized and widely available commercially. Small compact imaging spectrometers (CIS) now on the market offer a number of hyperspectral imaging capabilities in terms of spectral range and sampling. The potential uses of HSI/CIS on UAVs/UASs seem limitless. However, the rapid expansion of unmanned aircraft and small hyperspectral sensor capabilities has created a number of questions related to technological, legal, and operational capabilities. Lightweight sensor systems suitable for UAV platforms are being advertised in the trade literature at an ever-expanding rate with no standardization of system performance specifications or terms of reference. To address this issue, both the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Institute of Standards and Technology are eveloping draft standards to meet these issues. This paper presents the outline of a combined USGS/NIST cooperative strategy to develop and test a characterization methodology to meet the needs of a new and expanding UAV/CIS/HSI user community.
","language":"English","publisher":"VIBGYOR","doi":"10.35840/2631-505X/8505","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E.T., Allen, D.W., and Resmini, R.G., 2016, Towards establishing compact imaging spectrometer standards: International Journal of Experimental Spectroscopic Techniques, v. 1, no. 1, 005, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-505X/8505.","productDescription":"005, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-069605","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-505x/8505","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c4e4b0f497e78fca68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence 0000-0002-5793-0503 tslonecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0503","contributorId":168591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"tslonecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, David W.","contributorId":176123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Resmini, Ronald G.","contributorId":176124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Resmini","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133951,"text":"70133951 - 2016 - Relationships between diatoms and tidal environments in Oregon and Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:34:45","indexId":"70133951","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1388,"text":"Diatom Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between diatoms and tidal environments in Oregon and Washington, USA","docAbstract":"A new regional dataset comprising 425 intertidal diatom taxa from 175 samples from 11 ecologically diverse Oregon and Washington estuaries illustrates the importance of compiling a large modern dataset from a range of sites. Cluster analyses and detrended correspondence analysis of the diatom assemblages identify distinct vertical zones within supratidal, intertidal and subtidal environments at six of the 11 study sites, but the abundance of some of the most common species varies widely among and within sites. Canonical correspondence analysis of the regional dataset shows relationships between diatom species and tidal exposure, salinity and substratum (grain size and organic content). Correspondence analyses of local datasets show higher values of explained variation than the analysis of the combined regional dataset. Our results emphasize that studies of the autecology of diatom species require many samples from a range of modern environments to adequately characterize species–environment relationships.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/0269249X.2015.1126359","usgsCitation":"Sawai, Y., Horton, B.P., Kemp, A., Hawkes, A., Nagumo, T., and Nelson, A.R., 2016, Relationships between diatoms and tidal environments in Oregon and Washington, USA: Diatom Research, v. 31, no. 1, p. 17-38, https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2015.1126359.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060993","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249x.2015.1126359","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.727783203125,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -124.727783203125,\n 46.882723010671945\n ],\n [\n -123.695068359375,\n 46.882723010671945\n ],\n [\n -123.695068359375,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -124.727783203125,\n 42.42345651793833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebee4b08116168223ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawai, Yuki","contributorId":127509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Yuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6981,"text":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemp, Andrew C.","contributorId":39674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemp","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hawkes, Andrea D.","contributorId":20240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"Andrea D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagumo, Tamostsu","contributorId":127510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagumo","given":"Tamostsu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6982,"text":"The Nippon Dental University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169126,"text":"ofr20161044 - 2016 - USGS approach to real-time estimation of earthquake-triggered ground failure - Results of 2015 workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T16:33:14","indexId":"ofr20161044","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-30T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1044","title":"USGS approach to real-time estimation of earthquake-triggered ground failure - Results of 2015 workshop","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards and Landslide Hazards Programs are developing plans to add quantitative hazard assessments of earthquake-triggered landsliding and liquefaction to existing real-time earthquake products (ShakeMap, ShakeCast, PAGER) using open and readily available methodologies and products. To date, prototype global statistical models have been developed and are being refined, improved, and tested. These models are a good foundation, but much work remains to achieve robust and defensible models that meet the needs of end users. In order to establish an implementation plan and identify research priorities, the USGS convened a workshop in Golden, Colorado, in October 2015. This document summarizes current (as of early 2016) capabilities, research and operational priorities, and plans for further studies that were established at this workshop. Specific priorities established during the meeting include (1) developing a suite of alternative models; (2) making use of higher resolution and higher quality data where possible; (3) incorporating newer global and regional datasets and inventories; (4) reducing barriers to accessing inventory datasets; (5) developing methods for using inconsistent or incomplete datasets in aggregate; (6) developing standardized model testing and evaluation methods; (7) improving ShakeMap shaking estimates, particularly as relevant to ground failure, such as including topographic amplification and accounting for spatial variability; and (8) developing vulnerability functions for loss estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161044","usgsCitation":"Allstadt, K.E.; Thompson, E.M.; Wald, D.J.; Hamburger, M.W.; Godt, J.W.; Knudsen, K.L.; Jibson, R.W.; Jessee, M.A.; Zhu, Jing; Hearne, Michael; Baise, L.G.; Tanyas, Hakan; and Marano, K.D., 2016, USGS approach to real-time estimation of earthquake-triggered ground failure—Results of 2015 workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1044, 13 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161044. ","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073401","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1044/ofr20161044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"348 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2014-1044"}],"contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
The permafrost component of the cryosphere is changing dramatically, but the permafrost region is not well monitored and the consequences of change are not well understood. Changing permafrost interacts with ecosystems and climate on various spatial and temporal scales. The feedbacks resulting from these interactions range from local impacts on topography, hydrology, and biology to complex influences on global scale biogeochemical cycling. This review contributes to this focus issue by synthesizing its 28 multidisciplinary studies which provide field evidence, remote sensing observations, and modeling results on various scales. We synthesize study results from a diverse range of permafrost landscapes and ecosystems by reporting key observations and modeling outcomes for permafrost thaw dynamics, identifying feedbacks between permafrost and ecosystem processes, and highlighting biogeochemical feedbacks from permafrost thaw. We complete our synthesis by discussing the progress made, stressing remaining challenges and knowledge gaps, and providing an outlook on future needs and research opportunities in the study of permafrost–ecosystem–climate interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/040201","usgsCitation":"Grosse, G., Goetz, S., McGuire, A.D., Romanovsky, V.E., and Schuur, E.A., 2016, Review and synthesis: Changing permafrost in a warming world and feedbacks to the Earth System: Environmental Research Letters, v. 11, no. 4, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/040201.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073123","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/040201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575be4ade4b04f417c27f540","chorus":{"doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/040201","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/040201","publisher":"IOP Publishing","authors":"Grosse Guido, Goetz Scott, McGuire A Dave, Romanovsky Vladimir E, Schuur Edward A G","journalName":"Environmental Research Letters","publicationDate":"3/29/2016","auditedOn":"4/2/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"3/30/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":146182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, Scott","contributorId":75259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romanovsky, Vladimir E.","contributorId":40113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuur, Edward A.G.","contributorId":50026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168742,"text":"ofr20161022 - 2016 - A process for reducing rocks and concentrating heavy minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T12:28:09","indexId":"ofr20161022","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-30T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1022","title":"A process for reducing rocks and concentrating heavy minerals","docAbstract":"To obtain minerals suitable for age-dating and other analyses, it is necessary to first reduce the mineral-bearing rock to a fine, sand-like consistency. Reducing whole rock requires crushing, grinding, and sieving. Ideally, the reduced material should range in size from 80- to 270-mesh (an opening between wires in a sieve). The openings in an 80-mesh sieve are equal to 0.007 inches, 0.177 millimeters, or 177 micrometers. This size range ensures that compound grains are mostly disaggregated and that grains, in general, are dimensionally similar. This range also improves the segregation rate of conspicuous to extremely small individual heavy mineral grains.
\nOnce the rock is reduced to grains, it is necessary to separate the grains into paramagnetic and nonparamagnetic and heavy and light mineral fractions. In separating grains by property, those minerals chemically suited for radiometric dating are abundantly concentrated. Grams of mineralogical material can then be analyzed and characterized by multiple methods including trace element chemistry, laser ablation, and in particular, ion geochronology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161022","usgsCitation":"Strong, T.R., and Driscoll, R.L., 2016, A process for reducing rocks and concentrating heavy minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1022, 16 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161022.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070765","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1022/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1022/ofr20161022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1022"}],"contact":"Center Director, USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
Box 25046, MS 9973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
","tableOfContents":"
Stand-replacing wildfires are a keystone disturbance in the boreal forest, and they are becoming more common as the climate warms. Paleo-fire archives from the wildland–urban interface can quantify the prehistoric fire regime and assess how both human land-use and climate change impact ecosystem dynamics. Here, we use a combination of a sedimentary charcoal record preserved in varved lake sediments (annually layered) and fire scars in living trees to document changes in local fire return intervals (FRIs) and regional fire activity over the last 500 years. Ace Lake is within the boreal forest, located near the town of Fairbanks in interior Alaska, which was settled by gold miners in AD 1902. In the 400 years before settlement, fires occurred near the lake on average every 58 years. After settlement, fires became much more frequent (average every 18 years), and background charcoal flux rates rose to four times their preindustrial levels, indicating a region-wide increase in burning. Despite this surge in burning, the preindustrial boreal forest ecosystem and permafrost in the watershed have remained intact. Although fire suppression has reduced charcoal influx since the 1950s, an aging fuel load experiencing increasingly warm summers may pose management problems for this and other boreal sites that have similar land-use and fire histories. The large human-caused fire events that we identify can be used to test how increasingly common megafires may alter ecosystem dynamics in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publications","doi":"10.1177/0959683616632893","usgsCitation":"Gaglioti, B.V., Mann, D.H., Jones, B.M., Wooller, M.J., and Finney, B., 2016, High-resolution records detect human-caused changes to the boreal forest wildfire regime in interior Alaska: The Holocene, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1064-1074, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616632893.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1064","endPage":"1074","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069309","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ace Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.00918579101562,\n 64.84572695664546\n ],\n [\n -148.00918579101562,\n 64.8674620028723\n ],\n [\n -147.92352676391602,\n 64.8674620028723\n ],\n [\n -147.92352676391602,\n 64.84572695664546\n ],\n [\n -148.00918579101562,\n 64.84572695664546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fceb6de4b0a6037df29e37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaglioti, Benjamin V. 0000-0003-0591-5253 bgaglioti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5253","contributorId":4521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaglioti","given":"Benjamin","email":"bgaglioti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":67010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":81039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finney, Bruce P.","contributorId":88074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finney","given":"Bruce P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170433,"text":"70170433 - 2016 - Scripting MODFLOW model development using Python and FloPy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T13:43:28","indexId":"70170433","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-30T07:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scripting MODFLOW model development using Python and FloPy","docAbstract":"Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are commonly used to construct and postprocess numerical groundwater flow and transport models. Scripting model development with the programming language Python is presented here as an alternative approach. One advantage of Python is that there are many packages available to facilitate the model development process, including packages for plotting, array manipulation, optimization, and data analysis. For MODFLOW-based models, the FloPy package was developed by the authors to construct model input files, run the model, and read and plot simulation results. Use of Python with the available scientific packages and FloPy facilitates data exploration, alternative model evaluations, and model analyses that can be difficult to perform with GUIs. Furthermore, Python scripts are a complete, transparent, and repeatable record of the modeling process. The approach is introduced with a simple FloPy example to create and postprocess a MODFLOW model. A more complicated capture-fraction analysis with a real-world model is presented to demonstrate the types of analyses that can be performed using Python and FloPy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12413","usgsCitation":"Bakker, M., Post, V., Langevin, C.D., Hughes, J.D., White, J.T., Starn, J., and Fienen, M., 2016, Scripting MODFLOW model development using Python and FloPy: Groundwater, v. 54, no. 5, p. 733-739, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12413.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"739","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069750","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209138e4b071321fe65690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, Mark","contributorId":56137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, Vincent E. A.","contributorId":166764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"Vincent E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":24501,"text":"National Centre for Groundwater Reserach and Training, Flinders Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. 0000-0002-4950-1469 jwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-1469","contributorId":167708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Starn, Jeffrey jjstarn@usgs.gov","contributorId":149231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jjstarn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70175384,"text":"70175384 - 2016 - Changes in the prevalence of avian disease and mosquito vectors at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge: a 14-year perspective and assessment of future risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:59:02","indexId":"70175384","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-30T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-073","title":"Changes in the prevalence of avian disease and mosquito vectors at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge: a 14-year perspective and assessment of future risk","docAbstract":"Throughout the main Hawaiian Islands, introduced mosquito-borne disease has had, and continues to have, a profound impact on the distributions and abundance of native Hawaiian forest birds. Populations of remaining native forest birds are largely restricted to high elevation forests where mean temperatures are marginal for vector and parasite development and limited availability of larval mosquito habitat constrains mosquito populations and disease transmission. Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (HFNWR) was established for the preservation of endemic avifauna in 1985. Since its creation, native bird communities there have remained intact and most species populations are stable or increasing. However, avian malaria had been detected at HFNWR in the past and, in light of documented climate change, new concerns have been raised regarding the long-term fate of the refuge’s forest birds. To examine the possible changes in avian malaria transmission at HFNWR we sampled forest birds for blood parasites, trapped adult mosquitoes and surveyed larval mosquito habitat at three sites during 2012 and compared our results with similar data collected between 1998 and 1999. We tested blood samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoblotting, and microscopy to determine prevalence of acute and chronic infection and used attractive gravid traps to sample the vector mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus.
\nOur study documented spatial trends and temporal changes in the prevalence of avian malaria, mosquito presence, larval mosquito habitat and feral pig activity at HFNWR. We found evidence of local transmission in high elevation forests, a general pattern of increasing prevalence at lower elevations and along a South to North gradient and a two-fold decrease in the prevalence of avian malaria in the intervening 14 years. Despite considerable effort, we were unable to detect larval C. quinquefasciatus and captured only one adult indicating that the vector of avian malaria has a very limited presence at HFNWR. We did, however, document the establishment of another invasive mosquito, Aedes japonicus japonicus, and its occurrence in tree fern cavities and rock pools as larval habitat in the lower forests of HFNWR. We suggest that interspecific competition by A. j. japonicus and predation by a suite of native predators may provide biotic resistance to the establishment of permanent C. quinquefasciatus populations. While current predictions of climate change in the Hawaiian Islands include a gradual warming and enhanced transmission by mid-century, the current cooling trend recorded at high elevation HFNWR illustrates the importance of monitoring to document fine scale temporal and site specific changes in prevalence. Long term changes in precipitation may have a more profound effect on local transmission of malaria than temperature and we may have already seen some potential impacts of an extended drought at HFNWR with a decrease in feral pig activity and pig associated larval mosquito habitat and increases in stream-associated larval mosquito habitat.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"LaPointe, D., Gaudioso-Levita, J.M., Atkinson, C.T., Egan, A.N., and Hayes, K., 2016, Changes in the prevalence of avian disease and mosquito vectors at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge: a 14-year perspective and assessment of future risk: Technical Report HCSU-073, Report: iv, 57 p.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 57 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hilo.hawaii.edu/hcsu/publications.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad3fe4b05e859bdfb88b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPointe, Dennis dlapointe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPointe","given":"Dennis","email":"dlapointe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaudioso-Levita, Jacqueline M.","contributorId":173531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaudioso-Levita","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Egan, Ariel N.","contributorId":150954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egan","given":"Ariel","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, Kathleen","contributorId":173532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174175,"text":"70174175 - 2016 - Salinity and temperature tolerance of an emergent alien species, the Amazon fish Astronotus ocellatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T13:56:06","indexId":"70174175","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity and temperature tolerance of an emergent alien species, the Amazon fish Astronotus ocellatus","docAbstract":"
Astronotus ocellatus (oscar), is native to the Amazon basin and, although it has been introduced to many countries, little is known regarding its tolerances for salinity and temperature. In this report, we provide data on the tolerance of A. ocellatus to abrupt and gradual changes in salinity, its high and low temperature tolerance, and information on how salinity, temperature, and fish size interact to affect survival. Fish were able to survive abrupt transfer to salinities as high as 16 ppt with no mortality. When salinity change was gradual (2 ppt/day), fish in the warm-temperature experiment (28°C) survived longer than fish in the cool-temperature experiment (18°C). Larger fish survived longer than smaller ones at the higher salinities when the temperature was warm, but when the temperature was cool fish size had little effect on survival. In the temperature-tolerance experiments, fish survived from 9 to 41°C for short periods of time. Overall, the species showed a wide range of temperature and salinity tolerance. Thus, in spite of the tropical freshwater origin of this species, physiological stress is not likely to hinder its dispersal to brackish waters, especially when temperatures are warm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, New York","doi":"10.1007/s10750-016-2740-8","usgsCitation":"Gutierrel, S.M., Schofield, P.J., and Prodocimo, V., 2016, Salinity and temperature tolerance of an emergent alien species, the Amazon fish Astronotus ocellatus: Hydrobiologia, v. 777, no. 1, p. 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2740-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068532","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324519,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2740-8"}],"country":"Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Venezuela,","otherGeospatial":"Northern South America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -49.92187499999999,\n -0.17578097424708533\n ],\n [\n -49.92187499999999,\n -2.1967272417616583\n ],\n [\n -50.361328125,\n -4.653079918274038\n ],\n [\n -52.470703125,\n -9.188870084473393\n ],\n [\n -55.01953125,\n -13.068776734357682\n ],\n [\n -55.54687499999999,\n -15.284185114076433\n ],\n [\n -55.634765625,\n -16.720385051693988\n ],\n [\n -60.64453125000001,\n -18.312810846425432\n ],\n [\n -64.248046875,\n -18.312810846425432\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n -17.72775860985227\n ],\n [\n -69.60937499999999,\n -16.63619187839765\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n -15.114552871944102\n ],\n [\n -74.1796875,\n -14.519780046326085\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n -13.068776734357682\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n -10.833305983642491\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n -9.015302333420586\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n -6.751896464843375\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n -5.0909441750333855\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n -3.2502085616531686\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n -0.8788717828324148\n ],\n [\n -72.50976562499999,\n 1.142502403706165\n ],\n [\n -69.08203125,\n 1.845383988573187\n ],\n [\n -63.54492187500001,\n 1.6696855009865839\n ],\n [\n -61.083984375,\n 0.4394488164139768\n ],\n [\n -57.65624999999999,\n 0.17578097424708533\n ],\n [\n -49.92187499999999,\n -0.17578097424708533\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"777","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb6e4b07657d1a90d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrel, Silvia M M","contributorId":172503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrel","given":"Silvia","email":"","middleInitial":"M M","affiliations":[{"id":27057,"text":"Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":168659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prodocimo, Viviane","contributorId":172504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prodocimo","given":"Viviane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27057,"text":"Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168800,"text":"sir20165026 - 2016 - Simulation of groundwater storage changes in the eastern Pasco Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T14:07:29","indexId":"sir20165026","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-29T18:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5026","title":"Simulation of groundwater storage changes in the eastern Pasco Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"The Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group and younger sedimentary deposits of lacustrine, fluvial, eolian, and cataclysmic-flood origins compose the aquifer system of the Pasco Basin in eastern Washington. Irrigation return flow and canal leakage from the Columbia Basin Project have caused groundwater levels to rise substantially in some areas, contributing to landslides along the Columbia River. Water resource managers are considering extraction of additional stored groundwater to supply increasing demand and possibly mitigate problems caused by the increased water levels. To help address these concerns, the transient groundwater model of the Pasco Basin documented in this report was developed to quantify the changes in groundwater flow and storage. The MODFLOW model uses a 1-kilometer finite-difference grid and is constrained by logs and water levels from 846 wells in the study area. Eight model layers represent five sedimentary hydrogeologic units and underlying basalt formations. Head‑dependent flux boundaries represent the Columbia and Snake Rivers to the west and south, respectively, underflow to and (or) from adjacent areas to the northeast, and discharge to agricultural drains, springs, and groundwater withdrawal wells. Specified flux boundaries represent recharge from infiltrated precipitation and anthropogenic sources, including irrigation return flow and leakage from water-distribution canals. The model was calibrated with the parameter‑estimation code PEST++ to groundwater levels measured from 1907 through 2013 and measured discharge to springs and estimated discharge to agricultural drains. Increased recharge since pre-development resulted in a 6.8 million acre-feet increase in storage in the 508-14 administrative area of the Pasco Basin. Four groundwater-management scenarios simulate the 7-year drawdown resulting from withdrawals in different locations. Withdrawals of 2 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) from a hypothetical well field in the upper Ringold Formation along the Columbia River could generate 30–70 feet of drawdown, which may reduce landslide susceptibility along the White Bluffs. Drawdowns resulting from a 1 Mgal/d withdrawal from wells screened in either Pasco gravels, upper Ringold Formation, or both Ringold Formation and underlying basalt are simulated in the other three scenarios, and differ because of the contrasting hydraulic conductivities within the screened intervals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C.E., Kahle, S.C., Olsen, T.D., Patterson, J.D., and Burns, Erick, 2016, Simulation of groundwater storage changes in the eastern Pasco Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5026, 44 p., 1 pl., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165026.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 44 p.; Plate; Table","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069891","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319591,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5026/sir20165026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5026"},{"id":319590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5026/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319592,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5026/sir20165026_plate01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"10.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5026 Plate 1"},{"id":319593,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5026/sir20165026_table07.xlsx","text":"Table 7","size":"96 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5026 Table 7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Adams County, Franklin County, Grant County","otherGeospatial":"Pasco Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 47.00273390667881\n ],\n [\n -118.49304199218749,\n 46.998987638154624\n ],\n [\n -118.50952148437499,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -118.7347412109375,\n 46.09228143052649\n ],\n [\n -118.9434814453125,\n 46.00459325574482\n ],\n [\n -119.344482421875,\n 46.00840867976965\n ],\n [\n -119.59716796875,\n 46.038922598236\n ],\n [\n -119.73999023437499,\n 46.33555079758302\n ],\n [\n -119.9871826171875,\n 46.49082901981415\n ],\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 47.00273390667881\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
High-resolution Os isotope stratigraphy can aid in reconstructing Pleistocene ice sheet fluctuation and elucidating the role of local and regional weathering fluxes on the marine Os residence time. This paper presents new Os isotope data from ocean cores adjacent to the West Greenland ice sheet that have excellent chronological controls. Cores MSM-520 and DA00-06 represent distal to proximal sites adjacent to two West Greenland ice streams. Core MSM-520 has a steadily decreasing Os signal over the last 10 kyr (187Os/188Os = 1.35–0.81). In contrast, Os isotopes from core DA00-06 (proximal to the calving front of Jakobshavn Isbræ) highlight four stages of ice stream retreat and advance over the past 10 kyr (187Os/188Os = 2.31; 1.68; 2.09; 1.47). Our high-resolution chemostratigraphic records provide vital benchmarks for ice-sheet modelers as we attempt to better constrain the future response of major ice sheets to climate change. Variations in Os isotope composition from sediment and macro-algae (seaweed) sourced from regional and global settings serve to emphasize the overwhelming effect weathering sources have on seawater Os isotope composition. Further, these findings demonstrate that the residence time of Os is shorter than previous estimates of ∼104 yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.02.021","usgsCitation":"Rooney, A.D., Selby, D., Llyod, J.M., Roberts, D.H., Luckge, A., Sageman, B.B., and Prouty, N.G., 2016, Tracking millennial-scale Holocene glacial advance and retreat using osmium isotopes: Insights from the Greenland ice sheet: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 138, p. 49-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.02.021.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067388","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.02.021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fb9931e4b0a6037df18814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rooney, Alan D.","contributorId":168317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rooney","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selby, David","contributorId":58167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selby","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Llyod, Jeremy M.","contributorId":168319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Llyod","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25252,"text":"Durham University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roberts, David H.","contributorId":168320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":25252,"text":"Durham University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luckge, Andreas","contributorId":168321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luckge","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25253,"text":"Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sageman, Bradley B.","contributorId":168322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sageman","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70126663,"text":"sir20145189 - 2016 - Design and testing of a process-based groundwater vulnerability assessment (P-GWAVA) system for predicting concentrations of agrichemicals in groundwater across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T08:44:27","indexId":"sir20145189","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-29T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5189","title":"Design and testing of a process-based groundwater vulnerability assessment (P-GWAVA) system for predicting concentrations of agrichemicals in groundwater across the United States","docAbstract":"Efforts to assess the likelihood of groundwater contamination from surface-derived compounds have spanned more than three decades. Relatively few of these assessments, however, have involved the use of process-based simulations of contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface, or compared the predictions from such models with measured data—especially over regional to national scales. To address this need, a process-based groundwater vulnerability assessment (P-GWAVA) system was constructed to use transport-and-fate simulations to predict the concentration of any surface-derived compound at a specified depth in the vadose zone anywhere in the conterminous United States. The system was then used to simulate the concentrations of selected agrichemicals in the vadose zone beneath agricultural areas in multiple locations across the conterminous United States. The simulated concentrations were compared with measured concentrations of the compounds detected in shallow groundwater (that is, groundwater drawn from within a depth of 6.3 ± 0.5 meters [mean ± 95 percent confidence interval] below the water table) in more than 1,400 locations across the United States. The results from these comparisons were used to select the simulation approaches that led to the closest agreement between the simulated and the measured concentrations.
The P-GWAVA system uses computer simulations that account for a broader range of the hydrologic, physical, biological and chemical phenomena known to control the transport and fate of solutes in the subsurface than has been accounted for by any other vulnerability assessment over regional to national scales. Such phenomena include preferential transport and the influences of temperature, soil properties, and depth on the partitioning, transport, and transformation of pesticides in the subsurface. Published methods and detailed soil property data are used to estimate a wide range of model input parameters for each site, including surface albedo, surface crust permeability, soil water content, Brooks-Corey parameters, saturated hydraulic conductivity, macroporosity and sizes of microbial populations, as well as solute partition coefficients, reaction rates, and meso-micropore diffusion rates. To ensure geographic consistency among the predictions, the only site-specific input data that are used are those that are available for all of the 48 conterminous states.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, V.A","doi":"10.3133/sir20145189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Barbash, J.E., and Voss, F.D., 2016, Design and testing of a process-based groundwater vulnerability assessment (P-GWAVA) system for predicting concentrations of agrichemicals in groundwater across the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5189, 210 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20145189.","productDescription":"xvi, 210 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044178","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5189/sir20145189.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.9 MB","description":"SIR 2014-5189 Report 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U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
From August 11 to 31, 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), conducted a geophysical survey to investigate the geologic controls on barrier island framework and long-term sediment transport offshore of Breton Island, Louisiana as part of a broader USGS study on Barrier Island Mapping (BIM). Additional details related to this activity can be found by searching the USGS's Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS), for field activity 2014-317-FA (also known as 14BIM05). These surveys were funded through the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) and the Louisiana Outer Coast Early Restoration Project. This report serves as an archive of unprocessed digital chirp subbottom data, trackline maps, navigation files, Geographic Information System (GIS) files, Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Gained digital images of the seismic profiles are also provided. Refer to the Abbreviations page for explanations of acronyms and abbreviations used in this report.
\nAll chirp systems use an acoustic signal of continuously varying frequency; the EdgeTech 512i system used during this survey produced high-resolution, shallow-penetration (typically less than 50 milliseconds [ms]) profile images of sub-seafloor stratigraphy. The towfish contains a transducer that transmits and receives acoustic energy and typically is towed 1–2 meters (m) below the sea surface. As transmitted acoustic energy intersects density boundaries, such as the seafloor or sub-surface sediment layers, some energy is reflected back toward the transducer, received, and recorded by a Personal Computer (PC)-based seismic acquisition system. This process is repeated at regular intervals (for example, 0.125 seconds (s)) and returned energy is recorded for a specific duration (for example, 50 ms). In this way, a two-dimensional (2-D) vertical image of the shallow geologic structure beneath the ship's track is produced. Figure 2 displays the acquisition geometry. Refer to table 1 for a summary of acquisition parameters and table 2 for trackline statistics.
\nThe archived trace data are in standard SEG Y rev. 0 format (Barry and others, 1975); the first 3,200 bytes of the card image header are in American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format instead of Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) format. The SEG Y files are available on the DVD version of this report or online, downloadable via the USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov). The data are also available for viewing using GeoMapApp (http://www.geomapapp.org) and Virtual Ocean (http://www.virtualocean.org) multi-platform open source software. The Web version of this archive does not contain the SEG Y trace files. To obtain the complete DVD archive, contact USGS Information Services at 1-888-ASK-USGS or infoservices@usgs.gov. The SEG Y files may be downloaded and processed with commercial or public domain software such as Seismic Unix (SU) (Cohen and Stockwell, 2010). See the How To Download SEG Y Data page for download instructions. The printable profiles are provided as Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images processed and gained using SU software and can be viewed from theProfiles page or by using the links located on the trackline maps; refer to the Software page for links to example SU processing scripts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds972","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Forde, A.S., Flocks, J.G., Wiese, D.S., and Fredericks, J.J., 2016, Archive of digital chirp subbottom profile data collected during USGS cruise 14BIM05 offshore of Breton Island, Louisiana, August 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 972, 2 DVDs, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds972.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2015-07-06","ipdsId":"IP-066412","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0972/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisana","otherGeospatial":"Offshore of Breton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.18495178222656,\n 29.3731998810922\n ],\n [\n -89.18495178222656,\n 29.48204540447416\n ],\n [\n -89.07028198242188,\n 29.48204540447416\n ],\n [\n -89.07028198242188,\n 29.3731998810922\n ],\n [\n -89.18495178222656,\n 29.3731998810922\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov
Total nitrogen loads at 14 water-quality monitoring stations were calculated by using discrete measurements of total nitrogen and continuous streamflow data for the period 2005–13 (water years 2006–13). Total nitrogen loads were calculated by using the LOADEST computer program.
Overall, for water years 2006–13, streamflow in Connecticut was generally above normal. Total nitrogen yields ranged from 1,160 to 23,330 pounds per square mile per year. Total nitrogen loads from the French River at North Grosvenordale and the Still River at Brookfield Center, Connecticut, declined noticeably during the study period. An analysis of the bias in estimated loads indicated unbiased results at all but one station, indicating generally good fit for the LOADEST models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mullaney, J.R., 2016, Nitrogen loads from selected rivers in the Long Island Sound Basin, 2005–13, Connecticut and Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1007, 14 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161007.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Table 2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070502","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1007/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319224,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1007/ofr20161007.pdf","size":"6.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1007"},{"id":319225,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1007/ofr20161007_table2.xlsx","text":"Table 2. Total nitrogen load and yield and selected regression model and flux-bias diagnostics for each water-quality monitoring station, Long Island Sound Basin, water years 2006–13.","size":"22.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.4820556640625,\n 42.17561739661684\n ],\n [\n -71.806640625,\n 42.12674735753131\n ],\n [\n -71.8011474609375,\n 41.31907562295136\n ],\n [\n -72.3834228515625,\n 41.25716209782705\n ],\n [\n -72.93823242187499,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -73.65234375,\n 40.992337919312284\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 41.10005163093046\n ],\n [\n -73.4930419921875,\n 41.21998578493921\n ],\n [\n -73.56994628906249,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -73.4820556640625,\n 42.17561739661684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
101 Pitkin Street
East Hartford, CT 06108
Or Visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
Images from Landsat 8, launched in 2013, already stand out as stellar additions to our popular Earth As Art series. We are proud to present the fourth collection—Earth As Art 4!
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip162","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Earth as art 4 bookmark: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 162, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/gip162.","productDescription":"Bookmark","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072150","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318857,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0162/gip162.pdf","text":"Bookmark","size":"249 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 162"},{"id":318856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0162/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
Earth Resources Observation
and Science (EROS) Center
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198–0001
http://eros.usgs.gov/imagegallery
Landsat 8 is the latest addition to the long-running series of Earth-observing satellites in the Landsat program that began in 1972. The images featured in this fourth installment of the Earth As Art collection were all acquired by Landsat 8. They show our planet’s diverse landscapes with remarkable clarity.
Landsat satellites see the Earth as no human can. Not only do they acquire images from the vantage point of space, but their sensors record infrared as well as visible wavelengths of light. The resulting images often reveal “hidden” details of the Earth’s land surface, making them invaluable for scientific research.
As with previous Earth As Art exhibits, these Landsat images were selected solely for their aesthetic appeal. Many of the images have been manipulated to enhance color variations or details. They are not intended for scientific interpretation—only for your viewing pleasure. What do you see in these unique glimpses of the Earth’s continents, islands, and coastlines?
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip161","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Earth as art 4: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 161, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/gip161.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066375","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0161/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318787,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0161/gip161.pdf","text":"Report","size":"36.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 161"}],"contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
Earth Resources Observation
and Science (EROS) Center
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198–0001
http://eros.usgs.gov/imagegallery
With climate change becoming more of concern, many ecologists are including climate variables in their system and statistical models. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is a drought index that has potential advantages in modeling ecological response variables, including a flexible computation of the index over different timescales. However, little development has been made in terms of the choice of timescale for SPEI. We developed a Bayesian modeling approach for estimating the timescale for SPEI and demonstrated its use in modeling wetland hydrologic dynamics in two different eras (i.e., historical [pre-1970] and contemporary [post-2003]). Our goal was to determine whether differences in climate between the two eras could explain changes in the amount of water in wetlands. Our results showed that wetland water surface areas tended to be larger in wetter conditions, but also changed less in response to climate fluctuations in the contemporary era. We also found that the average timescale parameter was greater in the historical period, compared with the contemporary period. We were not able to determine whether this shift in timescale was due to a change in the timing of wet–dry periods or whether it was due to changes in the way wetlands responded to climate. Our results suggest that perhaps some interaction between climate and hydrologic response may be at work, and further analysis is needed to determine which has a stronger influence. Despite this, we suggest that our modeling approach enabled us to estimate the relevant timescale for SPEI and make inferences from those estimates. Likewise, our approach provides a mechanism for using prior information with future data to assess whether these patterns may continue over time. We suggest that ecologists consider using temporally scalable climate indices in conjunction with Bayesian analysis for assessing the role of climate in ecological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2092","usgsCitation":"Post van der Burg, M., Anteau, M.J., McCauley, L.A., and Wiltermuth, M.T., 2016, A Bayesian approach for temporally scaling climate for modeling ecological systems: Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 9, p. 2978-2987, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2092.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2978","endPage":"2987","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063141","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2092","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fceaabe4b0a6037df29c96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Post van der Burg, Max 0000-0002-3943-4194 maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4194","contributorId":4947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCauley, Lisa A. lmccauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCauley","given":"Lisa","email":"lmccauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":625617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170083,"text":"70170083 - 2016 - The North American model and captive cervid facilities—What is the threat?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-06T12:21:12","indexId":"70170083","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-28T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The North American model and captive cervid facilities—What is the threat?","docAbstract":"The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation represents the key principles that in combination resulted in a distinct form of wildlife conservation in the United States and Canada. How and to what extent captive cervid facilities comport with or conflict with these principles has implications for wildlife conservation. Greatest threats appear to be toward principles of public ownership of wildlife, allocation of wildlife by law, and in policy decisions based on science. Captive cervid facilities have potential to contribute to erosion of the underlying principles of the Model and could undermine public support for conservation initiatives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/wsb.637","usgsCitation":"Organ, J.F., Decker, T.A., and Lama, T.M., 2016, The North American model and captive cervid facilities—What is the threat?: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 40, no. 1, p. 10-13, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.637.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066701","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/c370a5cb6ba64bcbb5502916b80bd101","text":"External Repository"},{"id":319831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572486d6e4b0b13d391597f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Organ, John F. 0000-0002-0959-0639 jorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-0639","contributorId":152568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Organ","given":"John","email":"jorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, Thomas A.","contributorId":168486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lama, Tanya M.","contributorId":168487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lama","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}