{"pageNumber":"1144","pageRowStart":"28575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40871,"records":[{"id":70024649,"text":"70024649 - 2002 - Comparison of an algebraic multigrid algorithm to two iterative solvers used for modeling ground water flow and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T16:15:53.988876","indexId":"70024649","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of an algebraic multigrid algorithm to two iterative solvers used for modeling ground water flow and transport","docAbstract":"Numerical solution of large-scale ground water flow and transport problems is often constrained by the convergence behavior of the iterative solvers used to solve the resulting systems of equations. We demonstrate the ability of an algebraic multigrid algorithm (AMG) to efficiently solve the large, sparse systems of equations that result from computational models of ground water flow and transport in large and complex domains. Unlike geometric multigrid methods, this algorithm is applicable to problems in complex flow geometries, such as those encountered in pore-scale modeling of two-phase flow and transport. We integrated AMG into MODFLOW 2000 to compare two- and three-dimensional flow simulations using AMG to simulations using PCG2, a preconditioned conjugate gradient solver that uses the modified incomplete Cholesky preconditioner and is included with MODFLOW 2000. CPU times required for convergence with AMG were up to 140 times faster than those for PCG2. The cost of this increased speed was up to a nine-fold increase in required random access memory (RAM) for the three-dimensional problems and up to a four-fold increase in required RAM for the two-dimensional problems. We also compared two-dimensional numerical simulations of steady-state transport using AMG and the generalized minimum residual method with an incomplete LU-decomposition preconditioner. For these transport simulations, AMG yielded increased speeds of up to 17 times with only a 20% increase in required RAM. The ability of AMG to solve flow and transport problems in large, complex flow systems and its ready availability make it an ideal solver for use in both field-scale and pore-scale modeling.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02654.x","usgsCitation":"Detwiler, R., Mehl, S., Rajaram, H., and Cheung, W., 2002, Comparison of an algebraic multigrid algorithm to two iterative solvers used for modeling ground water flow and transport: Ground Water, v. 40, no. 3, p. 267-272, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02654.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f84ee4b0c8380cd4cfec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detwiler, R.L.","contributorId":51952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detwiler","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rajaram, H.","contributorId":39547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajaram","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheung, W.W.","contributorId":63202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheung","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024200,"text":"70024200 - 2002 - Comparison of subyearling fall chinook salmon's use of riprap revetments and unaltered habitats in Lake Wallula of the Columbia river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T15:21:47","indexId":"70024200","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of subyearling fall chinook salmon's use of riprap revetments and unaltered habitats in Lake Wallula of the Columbia river","docAbstract":"<p>Subyearling fall chinook salmon's Oncorhynchus tshawytscha use of unaltered and riprap habitats in Lake Wallula of the Columbia River was determined with point abundance data collected by electrofishing in May 1994 and 1995. We documented the presence or absence of subyearlings at 277 sample sites and collected physical habitat information at each site. Based on logistic regression, we found that the probability of fish presence was greater in unaltered shoreline habitats than in riprap habitats. Substrate size was the most important factor in determining fish presence, with dominant substrates larger than 256 mm having the lowest probability of fish presence. Water velocity, also included in our model due to its biological importance, was not a significant factor affecting presence or absence (P = 0.1102). The correct prediction rate of fish presence or absence in our sample sites using cross validation was 67%. Our model showed that substrate was the most important factor determining subyearling habitat use, but the model did not include other habitat variables known to be important to subyearlings in more diverse systems. We suggest that resource managers consider alternative methods of bank stabilization that are compatible with the habitat requirements of the fish that use them.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1283:COSFCS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Garland, R., Tiffan, K., Rondorf, D., and Clark, L., 2002, Comparison of subyearling fall chinook salmon's use of riprap revetments and unaltered habitats in Lake Wallula of the Columbia river: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1283-1289, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1283:COSFCS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1283","endPage":"1289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207083,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1283:COSFCS>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Wallula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.01969909667969,\n              46.19266555785523\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.03514862060548,\n              46.1850599046479\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00836944580078,\n              46.15248630414552\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00836944580078,\n              46.13773862635802\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9874267578125,\n              46.11441972281433\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.97129058837889,\n              46.089900439643465\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9815902709961,\n              46.02462129598765\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9321517944336,\n              46.02557483126793\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.90228271484374,\n              46.07751763011812\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.92528533935545,\n              46.15082144159971\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.95069122314453,\n              46.173887193507575\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01523590087889,\n              46.193853846104204\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01969909667969,\n              46.19266555785523\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f893e4b0c8380cd4d1c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garland, R.D.","contributorId":60806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, L.O.","contributorId":85745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"L.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024069,"text":"70024069 - 2002 - Status and opportunities for genomics research with rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024069","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status and opportunities for genomics research with rainbow trout","docAbstract":"The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most widely studied of model fish species. Extensive basic biological information has been collected for this species, which because of their large size relative to other model fish species are particularly suitable for studies requiring ample quantities of specific cells and tissue types. Rainbow trout have been widely utilized for research in carcinogenesis, toxicology, comparative immunology, disease ecology, physiology and nutrition. They are distinctive in having evolved from a relatively recent tetraploid event, resulting in a high incidence of duplicated genes. Natural populations are available and have been well characterized for chromosomal, protein, molecular and quantitative genetic variation. Their ease of culture, and experimental and aquacultural significance has led to the development of clonal lines and the widespread application of transgenic technology to this species. Numerous microsatellites have been isolated and two relatively detailed genetic maps have been developed. Extensive sequencing of expressed sequence tags has begun and four BAC libraries have been developed. The development and analysis of additional genomic sequence data will provide distinctive opportunities to address problems in areas such as evolution of the immune system and duplicate genes. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00167-7","issn":"10964959","usgsCitation":"Thorgaard, G., Bailey, G., Williams, D., Buhler, D.R., Kaattari, S., Ristow, S., Hansen, J., Winton, J., Bartholomew, J.L., Nagler, J., Walsh, P., Vijayan, M., Devlin, R., Hardy, R., Overturf, K., Young, W., Robison, B., Rexroad, C., and Palti, Y., 2002, Status and opportunities for genomics research with rainbow trout, <i>in</i> Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v. 133, no. 4, p. 609-646, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00167-7.","startPage":"609","endPage":"646","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207236,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00167-7"},{"id":232022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b978fe4b08c986b31bb2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorgaard, G.H.","contributorId":76678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorgaard","given":"G.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, G.S.","contributorId":77325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, D.","contributorId":31908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buhler, D. R.","contributorId":33290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhler","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaattari, S.L.","contributorId":52116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaattari","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ristow, S.S.","contributorId":13781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ristow","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hansen, J.D.","contributorId":107880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bartholomew, J. L.","contributorId":91661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomew","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nagler, J.J.","contributorId":37111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Walsh, P.J.","contributorId":63567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Vijayan, M.M.","contributorId":33087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vijayan","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Devlin, R.H.","contributorId":67042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devlin","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hardy, R.W.","contributorId":106286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Overturf, K.E.","contributorId":98912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overturf","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Young, W.P.","contributorId":62373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Robison, B.D.","contributorId":97279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Rexroad, C.","contributorId":74165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rexroad","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Palti, Y.","contributorId":105081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palti","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70188285,"text":"70188285 - 2002 - Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water geochemistry, and assessment of nitrogen yield from base flow in two agricultural watersheds, Kent County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T19:55:03","indexId":"70188285","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA/600/R-02/008","title":"Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water geochemistry, and assessment of nitrogen yield from base flow in two agricultural watersheds, Kent County, Maryland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrostratigraphic and geochemical data collected in two adjacent watersheds on the Delmarva Peninsula, in Kent County, Maryland, indicate that shallow subsurface stratigraphy is an important factor that affects the concentrations of nitrogen in ground water discharging as stream base flow. The flux of nitrogen from shallow aquifers can contribute substantially to the&nbsp;</span><span>eutrophication of streams and estuaries, degrading water quality and aquatic habitats. The information presented in this report includes a hydrostratigraphic framework for the Locust Grove study area, analyses and interpretation of ground-water chemistry, and an analysis of nutrient yields from stream base flow. An understanding of the processes by which ground-water&nbsp;</span><span>nitrogen discharges to streams is important for optimal management of nutrients in watersheds in which ground-water discharge is an appreciable percentage of total streamflow. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), collected and analyzed hydrostratigraphic and geochemical data in support of&nbsp;</span><span>ground-water flow modeling by the USEPA.</span><br><br><span>The adjacent watersheds of Morgan Creek and Chesterville Branch have similar topography and land use; however, reported nitrogen concentrations are generally 6 to 10 milligrams per liter in Chesterville Branch but only 2 to 4 milligrams per liter in Morgan Creek. Ground water in the surficial aquifer in the recharge areas of both streams has high concentrations of nitrate&nbsp;</span><span>(greater than 10 milligrams per liter as N) and dissolved oxygen. One component of the ground water discharging to Morgan Creek typically is anoxic and contains virtually no dissolved nitrate; most of the ground water discharging to Chesterville Branch is oxygenated and contains moderately high concentrations of nitrate.</span><br><br><span>The surficial aquifer in the study area is composed of the deeply weathered sands and gravels of the Pensauken Formation (the Columbia aquifer) and the underlying glauconitic sands of the upper Aquia Formation (the Aquia aquifer). The lower 6 to 9 meters of the Aquia Formation is a low-permeability silt-clay with abundant glauconite. The Aquia confining layer underlies&nbsp;</span><span>the Columbia-Aquia surficial aquifer throughout the study area. The sediment redox transition, identified in cores, that occurs in the upper 0.5 to 1 meter of the Aquia confining layer is thought to be a site for subsurface denitrification of ground water. The first confined aquifer is composed of the glauconitic sands in the upper 9 to 11 meters of the Hornerstown Formation. The&nbsp;</span><span>Hornerstown aquifer is underlain by 10 to 15 meters of glauconitic silt-clay at the base of the Hornerstown Formation (the Hornerstown confining layer), and 5 meters of low-permeability clay in the underlying Severn Formation.</span><br><br><span>The Aquia and Hornerstown Formations dip and thicken to the southeast, and the Aquia confining layer subcrops shallowly (within 5 meters of the land surface) in a band that strikes southwest to northeast across the northern edge of the study area. The surficial aquifer is very thin (generally less than 5 meters) north of Morgan Creek, and the alluvial valley of Morgan Creek has incised into the top of the Aquia confining layer. In contrast, the Aquia confining layer lies 22 meters below Chesterville Branch, and the surficial aquifer approaches 30 meters in thickness (away from the creek).</span><br><br><span>Chemically reduced iron sulfides and glauconite in the Aquia confining layer are likely substrates for denitrification of nitrate in ground water. Evidence from the dissolved concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, iron, argon, and nitrogen gas, and stable nitrogen isotopes support the interpretation that ground water flowing near the top of the Aquia confining layer, or through the confined Hornerstown aquifer, has undergone denitrification. This process appears to have the greatest effect on ground-water chemistry north of Morgan Creek, where the surficial aquifer is thin and a greater percentage of the ground water contacts the Aquia confining layer.</span><br><br><span>The base-flow discharges of total nitrogen from the two watersheds are of similar magnitude, although Chesterville Branch has somewhat higher loads (29,000 kilograms of nitrogen per year) than Morgan Creek (20,000 kilograms of nitrogen per year), although Morgan Creek has a larger drainage area and a greater discharge of water. The base-flow yield of nitrogen (load per unit area) in Chesterville Branch (median of 0.058 grams per second per square kilometer at the outlet) is more than twice that of Morgan Creek (median of 0.022 grams per second per square kilometer at the outlet), reflecting the higher concentration of nitrate in ground water discharging to Chesterville Branch. Total nitrogen concentrations tend to decrease downstream in&nbsp;</span><span>Chesterville Branch and increase downstream in Morgan Creek. The downstream trend in Chesterville Branch may be affected by instream nitrogen uptake and denitrification, and an increasing proportion of older, denitrified ground water in downstream discharge. The downstream trends in Morgan Creek may be affected by inflow from tributaries, downstream changes in the source of discharge water, and downstream changes in the riparian zone, which could affect the processes and degree of denitrification.</span><br><br><span>Although these two watersheds appear to have landscape features (such as topography, land use, and soils) that would produce similar nitrogen discharges, a more detailed examination of landscape features indicates that Chesterville Branch has soils that are slightly better drained, tributary stream outlets at higher altitudes, and a slightly higher percentage of agricultural land. All of these factors have been related to higher nitrogen yields. Nonetheless, most of the data support the interpretation that hydrostratigraphy has the greatest effect in producing the difference in nitrogen yields between the two watersheds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bachman, L., Krantz, D., and Bohlke, J., 2002, Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water geochemistry, and assessment of nitrogen yield from base flow in two agricultural watersheds, Kent County, Maryland, 93 p.","productDescription":"93 p.","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?dirEntryID=55294"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Kent County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366daee4b0f6c2d0d7d656","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachman, L. J.","contributorId":47760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krantz, D.E.","contributorId":9838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023942,"text":"70023942 - 2002 - Conventional U-Pb dating versus SHRIMP of the Santa Barbara Granite Massif, Rondonia, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023942","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1776,"text":"Geologia USP - Serie Cientifica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conventional U-Pb dating versus SHRIMP of the Santa Barbara Granite Massif, Rondonia, Brazil","docAbstract":"The Santa Ba??rbara Granite Massif is part of the Younger Granites of Rondo??nia (998 - 974 Ma) and is included in the Rondo??nia Tin Province (SW Amazonian Craton). It comprises three highly fractionated metaluminous to peraluminous within-plate A-type granite units emplaced in older medium-grade metamorphic rocks. Sn-mineralization is closely associated with the late-stage unit. U-Pb monazite conventional dating of the early-stage Serra do Cicero facies and late-stage Serra Azul facies yielded ages of 993 ?? 5 Ma and 989 ?? 13 Ma, respectively. Conventional multigrain U-Pb isotope analyses of zircon demonstrate isotopic disturbance (discordance) and the preservation of inherited older zircons of several different ages and thus yield little about the ages of Sn-granite magmatism. SHRIMP U-Pb ages for the Santa Ba??rbara facies association yielded a 207Pb/206Pb weighted-mean age of 978 ?? 13 Ma. The textural complexity of the zircon crystals of the Santa Ba??rbara facies association, the variable concentrations of U, Th and Pb, as well as the mixed inheritance of zircon populations are major obstacles to using conventional multigrain U-Pb isotopic analyses. Sm-Nd model ages and ??Nd (T) values reveal anomalous isotopic data, attesting to the complex isotopic behaviour within these highly fractionated granites. Thus, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon and conventional U-Pb monazite dating methods are the most appropriate to constrain the crystallization age of the Sn-bearing granite systems in the Rondo??nia Tin Province.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologia USP - Serie Cientifica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1519874X","usgsCitation":"Sparrenberger, I., Bettencourt, J.S., Tosdal, R., and Wooden, J.L., 2002, Conventional U-Pb dating versus SHRIMP of the Santa Barbara Granite Massif, Rondonia, Brazil: Geologia USP - Serie Cientifica, v. 2, no. 1, p. 79-94.","startPage":"79","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd6e4b0c8380cd4dfcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparrenberger, I.","contributorId":51058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparrenberger","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettencourt, Jorge S.","contributorId":97269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettencourt","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024039,"text":"70024039 - 2002 - Subglacial volcanic features beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet interpreted from aeromagnetic and radar ice sounding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T12:25:47.692366","indexId":"70024039","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subglacial volcanic features beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet interpreted from aeromagnetic and radar ice sounding","docAbstract":"The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) flows through the volcanically active, late Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system. Active subglacial volcanism and a vast (>106 km3) extent of subglacial volcanic structures have been interpreted from aerogeophysical surveys over central West Antarctica in the past decade, combined with results from 1960s and 1970s aeromagnetic profiles over the WAIS. Modelling of magnetic anomalies constrained by radar ice sounding shows volcanic sources at the base of the ice throughout large areas, whose subglacially erupted hyaloclastite edifices have been eroded by moving ice, as in Iceland. The 1800 m-high divide of the WAIS is underlain by the 400 km-long volcanic Sinuous Ridge, which rises above sea level; most hyaloclastite edifices there have also been glacially removed, indicating migration of the ice divide through time. Northeast of the divide of the WAIS there is a 400-nT positive magnetic anomaly over the shallowest, most rugged bedrock topography (elevation +380 m above sea level), probably comprising subaerially erupted flows erupted when the Sinuous Ridge area was deglaciated. Uplift of the Sinuous Ridge may have forced the advance of the WAIS. Other aspects of the subglacial volcanism in Antarctica can be observed in Iceland and have a direct bearing on our understanding of the subglacial conditions of the WAIS and its dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.202.01.17","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Blankenship, D.D., Morse, D.L., Finn, C., and Bell, R., 2002, Subglacial volcanic features beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet interpreted from aeromagnetic and radar ice sounding: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 202, p. 337-355, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.202.01.17.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"355","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"West Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -2961.5625,\n              -70.93100353239011\n            ],\n            [\n              -2955.322265625,\n              -78.45542534118532\n            ],\n            [\n              -2918.232421875,\n              -78.57790682347503\n            ],\n            [\n              -2923.857421875,\n              -66.19600891267761\n            ],\n            [\n              -2936.513671875,\n              -60.84491057364912\n            ],\n            [\n              -2954.4433593750005,\n              -64.99793920061401\n            ],\n            [\n              -2961.5625,\n              -70.93100353239011\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"202","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d14e4b08c986b31d620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, D. D.","contributorId":29012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morse, D. L.","contributorId":28024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morse","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bell, R.E.","contributorId":70010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024041,"text":"70024041 - 2002 - Nearly frictionless faulting by unclamping in long-term interaction models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70024041","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nearly frictionless faulting by unclamping in long-term interaction models","docAbstract":"In defiance of direct rock-friction observations, some transform faults appear to slide with little resistance. In this paper finite element models are used to show how strain energy is minimized by interacting faults that can cause long-term reduction in fault-normal stresses (unclamping). A model fault contained within a sheared elastic medium concentrates stress at its end points with increasing slip. If accommodating structures free up the ends, then the fault responds by rotating, lengthening, and unclamping. This concept is illustrated by a comparison between simple strike-slip faulting and a mid-ocean-ridge model with the same total transform length; calculations show that the more complex system unclapms the transforms and operates at lower energy. In another example, the overlapping San Andreas fault system in the San Francisco Bay region is modeled; this system is complicated by junctions and stepovers. A finite element model indicates that the normal stress along parts of the faults could be reduced to hydrostatic levels after ???60-100 k.y. of system-wide slip. If this process occurs in the earth, then parts of major transform fault zones could appear nearly frictionless.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1063:NFFBUI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2002, Nearly frictionless faulting by unclamping in long-term interaction models: Geology, v. 30, no. 12, p. 1063-1066, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1063:NFFBUI>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1063","endPage":"1066","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1063:NFFBUI>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a640de4b0c8380cd72851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174912,"text":"70174912 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87272,"text":"87272 - 2002 - Rumblings in Rio Arriba: Landscape changes in the southern Rocky Mountains of northern New Mexico","indexId":"87272","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"12","title":"Rumblings in Rio Arriba: Landscape changes in the southern Rocky Mountains of northern New Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70174912,"text":"70174912 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","indexId":"70174912","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":87281,"text":"87281 - 2002 - The heart of the Rockies: Montane and subalpine ecosystems","indexId":"87281","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"10","title":"The heart of the Rockies: Montane and subalpine ecosystems"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70174912,"text":"70174912 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","indexId":"70174912","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70006628,"text":"70006628 - 2002 - Paleoenvironmental history of the Rocky Mountain Region during the past 20,000 years","indexId":"70006628","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Paleoenvironmental history of the Rocky Mountain Region during the past 20,000 years"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70174912,"text":"70174912 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","indexId":"70174912","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70159716,"text":"70159716 - 2002 - Rocky road in the Rockies: Challenges to biodiversity","indexId":"70159716","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"8","title":"Rocky road in the Rockies: Challenges to biodiversity"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70174912,"text":"70174912 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","indexId":"70174912","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":70159717,"text":"70159717 - 2002 - Transforming the Rockies: Human forces, settlement patterns, and ecosystem effects","indexId":"70159717","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"Transforming the Rockies: Human forces, settlement patterns, and ecosystem effects"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70174912,"text":"70174912 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","indexId":"70174912","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":70194847,"text":"70194847 - 2002 - The cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems","indexId":"70194847","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"7","title":"The cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70174912,"text":"70174912 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","indexId":"70174912","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective"},"id":6}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:58:09","indexId":"70174912","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","docAbstract":"<p>The Rocky Mountain West is largely arid and steep, with ecological scars from past human use visible for hundreds of years. Just how damaging were the past 150 years of activity? How do current rates of disturbance compare with past mining, grazing, and water diversion activities? In the face of constant change, what constitutes a \"natural\" ecosystem? And can a high quality of life be achieved for both human and natural communities in this region.</p>\n<p><i>Rocky Mountain Futures</i>&nbsp;presents a comprehensive and wide-ranging examination of the ecological consequences of past, current, and future human activities in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States and Canada. The book brings together 32 leading ecologists, geographers, and other scientists and researchers to present an objective assessment of the cumulative effects of human activity on the region's ecological health and to consider changes wrought by past human use. This combined view of past and present reveals where Rocky Mountain ecosystems are heading, and the authors project what the future holds based upon current economic and social trends and the patterns that emerge from them. The book:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>examines the biogeographic and paleoenvironmental setting and historical climate that have shaped Rocky Mountain ecosystems</li>\n<li>traces the direct human influences on landscapes and ecosystems over the past 150 years</li>\n<li>explores the cumulative effects of past, present, and projected future human activities on tundra, subalpine and montane forests, valleys, grasslands, and waters</li>\n<li>offers case studies that illustrate specific examples of human influence and current efforts to restore the environment</li>\n</ul>\n<p><span>Case studies focus on northern New Mexico; Summit County, Colorado; Flathead Valley, Montana; and Alberta, Canada. Among the contributors are Craig D. Allen, N. Thompson Hobbs, Linda L. Joyce, Robert E. Keane, David Schindler, Timothy R. Seastedt, David Theobald, Diana Tomback, William Travis, Cathy Whitlock, and Jack Stanford.</span></p>\n<p>The United Nations has proclaimed 2002 as the International Year of Mountains to increase international awareness of the global importance of mountain ecosystems. The case-based multidisciplinary approach of this book constitutes an important new model for understanding the implications of land-use practices and economic activity on mountains, and will serve a vital role in improving decisionmaking both in the Rocky Mountains and in other parts of the world that face similar challenges.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","isbn":"978-1559639545","usgsCitation":"2002, Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective, 352 p.","productDescription":"352 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350531,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://islandpress.org/book/rocky-mountain-futures"}],"otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5791f232e4b0a1ebd3ad4c95","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643124,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024321,"text":"70024321 - 2002 - 3D near-surface soil response from H/V ambient-noise ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:47:43.875305","indexId":"70024321","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"3D near-surface soil response from H/V ambient-noise ratios","docAbstract":"<p>The applicability of the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) ambient-noise spectral ratio for characterizing earthquake site effects caused by nearsurface topography and velocity structures was evaluated at sites underlain by thick (i.e. &gt;100 m) sediment deposits near the southern-end of the New Madrid seismic zone in the central United States. Three-component ambient-noise and velocity models derived from seismic (shearwave) refraction/reflection surveys showed that a relatively horizontal, sharp shear-wave velocity interface in the soil column resulted in an H/V spectral ratio with a single well-defined peak. Observations at sites with more than one sharp shear-wave velocity contrast and horizontally arranged soil layers resulted in at least two well-defined H/V spectral ratio peaks. Furthermore, at sites where there were sharp shear-wave velocity contrasts in nonhorizontal, near-surface soil layers, the H/V spectra exhibited a broad-bandwidth, relatively low amplitude signal instead of a single well-defined peak.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00109-4","usgsCitation":"Wollery, E.W., and Street, R., 2002, 3D near-surface soil response from H/V ambient-noise ratios: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 22, no. 9-12, p. 865-876, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00109-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"865","endPage":"876","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"9-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e25ce4b0c8380cd45af2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wollery, E. W.","contributorId":66447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollery","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Street, R.","contributorId":35097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Street","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024843,"text":"70024843 - 2002 - Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:37:33","indexId":"70024843","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water","docAbstract":"<p>Dimethenamid [2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] and flufenacet [N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl)oxy] were isolated by C-18 solid-phase extraction and separated from their ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) degradates during their elution using ethyl acetate for the parent compound, followed by methanol for the polar degradates. The parent compounds were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected-ion mode. The ESA and OXA degradates were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESPMS) in negative-ion mode. The method detection limits for a 123-mL sample ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 μg/L. These methods are compatible with existing methods and thus allow for analysis of 17 commonly used herbicides and 18 of their degradation compounds with one extraction. In a study of herbicide transport near the mouth of the Mississippi River during 1999 and 2000, dimethenamid and its ESA and OXA degradates were detected in surface water samples during the annual spring flushes. For flufenacet, the only detections at the study site were for the ESA degradates in samples collected at the peak of the herbicide spring flush in 2000. The low frequency of detections in surface water likely is due to dimethenamid and flufenacet being relatively new herbicides. In addition, detectable amounts of the stable degradates have not been detected in ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/jf010779b","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, L., Schneider, R., and Thurman, E., 2002, Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1045-1052, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010779b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1045","endPage":"1052","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010779b"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf4e4b0c8380cd48b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, R.J.","contributorId":97283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008190,"text":"1008190 - 2002 - Loss of genetic diversity in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) associated with the fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T14:55:15.572644","indexId":"1008190","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Loss of genetic diversity in sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) associated with the fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries","title":"Loss of genetic diversity in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) associated with the fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sea otter (</span><i>Enhydra lutris</i><span>) populations experienced widespread reduction and extirpation due to the fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries. We examined genetic variation within four microsatellite markers and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)&nbsp;</span><span class=\"smallCaps\">d</span><span>-loop in one prefur trade population and compared it to five modern populations to determine potential losses in genetic variation. While mtDNA sequence variability was low within both modern and extinct populations, analysis of microsatellite allelic data revealed that the prefur trade population had significantly more variation than all the extant sea otter populations. Reduced genetic variation may lead to inbreeding depression and we believe sea otter populations should be closely monitored for potential associated negative effects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01599.x","usgsCitation":"Larson, S., Jameson, R., Etnier, M., Flemings, M., and Bentzen, P., 2002, Loss of genetic diversity in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) associated with the fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries: Molecular Ecology, v. 11, p. 1899-1903, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01599.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1899","endPage":"1903","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640cfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, S.","contributorId":62180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, R.","contributorId":87485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Etnier, M.","contributorId":54949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etnier","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flemings, M.","contributorId":84318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flemings","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bentzen, P.","contributorId":49746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentzen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024080,"text":"70024080 - 2002 - Interpretation of K-Ar dates of illitic clays from sedimentary rocks aided by modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T12:03:39.414043","indexId":"70024080","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of K-Ar dates of illitic clays from sedimentary rocks aided by modeling","docAbstract":"<p>K-Ar dates of illitic clays from sedimentary rocks may contain \"mixed ages,\" i.e., may have ages that are intermediate between the ages of end-member events. Two phenomena that may cause mixed ages are: (1) long-lasting reaction during the burial illitization of smectite: and (2) physical mixing of detrital and diagenetic components. The first phenomenon was investigated by simulation of illitization reactions using a nucleation and growth mechanism. These calculations indicate that values for mixed ages are related to burial history: for an equivalent length of reaction time, fast burial followed by slow burial produces much older mixed ages than slow burial followed by fast. The type of reaction that occurred in a rock can be determined from the distribution of ages with respect to the thickness of illite crystals. Dating of artificial mixtures confirms a non-linear relation between mixed ages and the proportions of the components. Vertical variation of K-Ar age dates from Gulf Coast shales can be modeled by assuming diagenetic illitization that overprints a subtle vertical trend (presumably of sedimentary origin) in detrital mineral content.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am-2002-11-1202","usgsCitation":"Srodon, J., Clauer, N., and Eberl, D., 2002, Interpretation of K-Ar dates of illitic clays from sedimentary rocks aided by modeling: American Mineralogist, v. 87, no. 11-12, p. 1528-1535, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-11-1202.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1528","endPage":"1535","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d59e4b0c8380cd634cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Srodon, J.","contributorId":67583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Srodon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clauer, Norbert","contributorId":79664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clauer","given":"Norbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D.D.D.","contributorId":82088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000887,"text":"1000887 - 2002 - Dynamics of the double-crested cormorant population on Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:03","indexId":"1000887","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of the double-crested cormorant population on Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"After nearly 30 years of recolonization and expansion across North America, the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) occupies the role of a perceived and, in some situations, realized threat to fish stocks and other resources.  However, population data necessary to plan, defend, and implement management of this species are few.  Our purpose was to gain insight into the relative contribution of various population parameters to the overall rate of population growth and identify data needs critical to improving our understanding of the dynamics of double-crested cormorant populations.  We demonstrated the construction of a biologically reasonable representation of cormorant population growth on Lake Ontario (1979-2000) by referencing literature values for fertility, age at first breeding, and survival.  These parameters were incorporated into a deterministic stage-classified matrix model.  By calculating the elasticity of matrix elements (i.e., statgspecific fertility and survival), we found that cormorant population growth on Lake Ontario was most sensitive to survival of birds about to turn age 3 and older.  Finally, we demonstrated how this information could be used to evaluate management scenarios and direct future research by simulating potential environmental effects on fertility and survival, as well as a 5-year egg-oiling program.  We also demonstrated that survival of older birds exerts more effective population control than changes in fertility.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Blackwell, B., Stapanian, M.A., and Weseloh, D.C., 2002, Dynamics of the double-crested cormorant population on Lake Ontario: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 345-353.","productDescription":"p. 345-353","startPage":"345","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62f92e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwell, Bradley F.","contributorId":26649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwell","given":"Bradley F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weseloh, D.V. Chip","contributorId":60984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weseloh","given":"D.V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161938,"text":"70161938 - 2002 - The use of models for a multiscaled ecological monitoring system: Chapter 6","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T09:30:55","indexId":"70161938","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The use of models for a multiscaled ecological monitoring system: Chapter 6","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring ecosystems: Interdisciplinary approaches for evaluating ecoregional initiatives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Gross, L., Comiskey, E., Mooij, W.M., and Nott, M., 2002, The use of models for a multiscaled ecological monitoring system: Chapter 6, chap. <i>of</i> Monitoring ecosystems: Interdisciplinary approaches for evaluating ecoregional initiatives.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e068e4b039675d005ea8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Busch, David E. dave_busch@usgs.gov","contributorId":3392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"David","email":"dave_busch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":588126,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trexler, Joel C.","contributorId":36267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588127,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, L.J.","contributorId":65030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comiskey, E.J.","contributorId":19903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comiskey","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooij, Wolf M.","contributorId":94169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooij","given":"Wolf","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nott, M.P.","contributorId":78677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nott","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024839,"text":"70024839 - 2002 - Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:24:31","indexId":"70024839","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America","docAbstract":"Three ancient impact craters (Chesapeake Bay - 35.7 Ma; Toms Canyon - 35.7 Ma; Montagnais - 51 Ma) and one multiring impact basin (Chicxulub - 65 Ma) are currently known to be buried beneath modern continental shelves. All occur on the passive Atlantic margin of North America in regions extensively explored by seismic reflection surveys in the search for oil and gas reserves. We limit our discussion herein to the three youngest structures. These craters were created by submarine impacts, which produced many structural and morphological features similar in construction, composition, and variability to those documented in well-preserved subaerial and planetary impact craters. The subcircular Chesapeake Bay (diameter 85 km) and ovate Montagnais (diameter 45-50 km) structures display outer-rim scarps, annular troughs, peak rings, inner basins, and central peaks similar to those incorporated in the widely cited conceptual model of complex impact craters. These craters differ in several respects from the model, however. For example, the Montagnais crater lacks a raised lip on the outer rim, the Chesapeake Bay crater displays only small remnants of a raised lip, and both craters contain an unusually thick body of impact breccia. The subtriangular Toms Canyon crater (diameter 20-22 km), on the other hand, contains none of the internal features of a complex crater, nor is it typical of a simple crater. It displays a prominent raised lip on the outer rim, but the lip is present only on the western side of the crater. In addition, each of these craters contains some distinct features, which are not present in one or both of the others. For example, the central peak at Montagnais rises well above the elevation of the outer rim, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the outer rim is higher than the central peak. The floor of the Toms Canyon crater is marked by parallel deep troughs and linear ridges formed of sedimentary rocks, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the crater floor contains concentric faults and compression ridges formed in rocks of the crystalline basement. The Chesapeake Bay crater is distinguished further by its cluster of at least 23 adjacent secondary craters. The North American tektite strewn field, a widespread deposit of distal ejecta, is thought to be derived from the Chesapeake Bay impact, perhaps with a small contribution from the Toms Canyon impact. No ejecta field is known to be associated with the Montagnais impact. No immediate major extinction event is directly linked to any of these three impacts. There is evidence, however, that the Chesapeake Bay and Toms Canyon impacts helped initiate a long-term pulse of warm global climate, whose eventual dissipation coincided with an early Oligocene mass extinction event, 2 Ma after the impacts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., Plescia, J.B., and Molzer, P., 2002, Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1081-1102, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1102","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8"},{"id":232787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf6e4b0c8380cd48fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plescia, J. B.","contributorId":15689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molzer, P.C.","contributorId":86514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molzer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174794,"text":"70174794 - 2002 - Evaluation of a habitat suitability index model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T13:10:09","indexId":"70174794","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of a habitat suitability index model","docAbstract":"<p>We assisted with development of a model for maternity habitat of the Indiana bat (Myotis soda/is), for use in conducting assessments of projects potentially impacting this endangered species. We started with an existing model, modified that model in a workshop, and evaluated the revised model, using data previously collected by others. Our analyses showed that higher indices of habitat suitability were associated with sites where Indiana bats were present and, thus, the model may be useful for identifying suitable habitat. Utility of the model, however, was based on a single component-density of suitable roost trees. Percentage of landscape in forest did not allow differentiation between sites occupied and not occupied by Indiana bats. Moreover, in spite of a general opinion by participants in the workshop that bodies of water were highly productive feeding areas and that a diversity of feeding habitats was optimal, we found no evidence to support either hypothesis.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Indiana Bat: Biology and Management of an Endangered Species","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"A Symposium on the Indiana Bat: Biology and Management of an Endangered Species","conferenceDate":"March 29- April 1, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Lexington, KY","language":"English","publisher":"Bat Conservation International","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Farmer, A., Cade, B., and Stauffer, D., 2002, Evaluation of a habitat suitability index model, <i>in</i> Indiana Bat: Biology and Management of an Endangered Species, Lexington, KY, March 29- April 1, 2001, p. 172-179.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a092ee4b0c1aacab7d3fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, A.H.","contributorId":79063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, D.F.","contributorId":9317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024092,"text":"70024092 - 2002 - The utility of estimating net primary productivity over Alaska using baseline AVHRR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T16:40:09.750879","indexId":"70024092","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The utility of estimating net primary productivity over Alaska using baseline AVHRR data","docAbstract":"Net primary productivity (NPP) is a fundamental ecological variable that provides information about the health and status of vegetation communities. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, or NDVI, derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is increasingly being used to model or predict NPP, especially over large remote areas. In this article, seven seasonally based metrics calculated from a seven-year baseline NDVI dataset were used to model NPP over Alaska, USA. For each growing season, they included maximum, mean and summed NDVI, total days, product of total days and maximum NDVI, an integral estimate of NDVI and a summed product of NDVI and solar radiation. Field (plot) derived NPP estimates were assigned to 18 land cover classes from an Alaskan statewide land cover database. Linear relationships between NPP and each NDVI metric were analysed at four scales: plot, 1-km, 10-km and 20-km pixels. Results show moderate to poor relationship between any of the metrics and NPP estimates for all data sets and scales. Use of NDVI for estimating NPP may be possible, but caution is required due to data seasonality, the scaling process used and land surface heterogeneity.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160110113926","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., and Peterson, K.M., 2002, The utility of estimating net primary productivity over Alaska using baseline AVHRR data: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 23, no. 21, p. 4571-4596, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160110113926.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4571","endPage":"4596","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":2002788,"text":"2002788 - 2002 - Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:37:52","indexId":"2002788","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":396,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"Following translocations to the outer coast of Southeast Alaska in 1965, sea otters have been expanding their range and increasing in abundance. We began conducting surveys for sea otters in Cross Sound, Icy Strait, and Glacier Bay, Alaska in 1994, following initial reports (in 1993) of their presence in Glacier Bay. Since 1995, the number of sea otters in Glacier Bay proper has increased from around 5 to more than 1500. Between 1993 and 1997 sea otters were apparently only occasional visitors to Glacier Bay, but in 1998 long-term residence was established as indicated by the presence of adult females and their dependent pups. Sea otter distribution is limited to the Lower Bay, south of Sandy Cove, and is not continuous within that area. Concentrations occur in the vicinity of Sita Reef and Boulder Island and between Pt. Carolus and Rush Pt. on the west side of the Bay (Figure 1). \r\n\r\nWe describe the diet of sea otters during 2001 in Glacier Bay based on visual observations of prey during 456 successful forage dives. In Glacier Bay, diet consisted of 62% clam, 15% mussel, 9% crab, 7% unidentified, 4& urchins, and 4% other. Most prey recovered by sea otters are commercially, socially, or ecologically important species. Species of clam include Saxidomus gigantea, Protothaca staminea, and Mya truncata. Urchins are primarily Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis and the mussel is Modiolus modiolus. Crabs include species of three genera: Cancer, Chinoecetes, and Telmessus. Although we characterize diet at broad geographic scales, we found diet to vary between sites separated by as little as several hundred meters. Dietary variation among and within sites can reflect differences in prey availability and individual specialization. \r\n\r\nWe estimated species composition, density, biomass, and sizes of subtidal clams, urchins, and mussels at 9 sites in lower Glacier Bay. All sites were selected based on the presence of abundant clam siphons. Sites were not selected to allow inference to any area larger than the sampling area (approx 400 m^2). Sites were selected to achieve a broad geographic sample of dense subtidal clam beds within Glacier Bay prior to occupation and foraging by sea otters. There was no direct evidence of otter foraging at any of our clam sampling sites. We sampled 11,568 bivalves representing 14 speces of clam and 2 species of mussel. We sampled 4,981 urchins, all Strongylocentrotus droeobachiensis. Only four species of clam (littleneck clams, Protothaca staminea; butter clams, Saxidomus gigantea; soft-shell claims, Mya truncata; and Macoma sp.) accounted for 91.6% of all clams sampled. Mean total clam density (#/0.25 m^2) across the 9 sites was 62.3. Densities (and se ) of P. staminea averaged 22.6 (1.6) and ranged from 0 to 97. Densities of S. gigantea averaged 14.4 (1.0) and ranged from 0 to 63. Densities of Macoma sp. averaged 14.5 (1.2) and ranged from 0 to 78. Densities of S. droebachiensis averaged 27.3 (1.7) and ranged from 0 to 109. Mean S. droebachiensis sizes ranged from 16 to 30 mm by site. Mean P. staminea sizes ranged from 30 to 53 mm, mean S. gigantea sizes ranged from 51 to 85 mm, and mean Macoma sp. sizes ranged from 14 to 19 mm. Although not the most abundant clam, S. gigantea contributed the greatest proportion to total clam biomass (63%), followed by P. staminea (24%).\r\n\r\nSea otters are now well established in limited areas of the lower portions of Glacier Bay. It is likely that distribution and numbers of sea otters will continue to increase in Glacier Bay in the near future. Glacier Bay supports large and diverse populations of clams that are largely unexploited by sea otters presently. It is predictable that the density and sizes of clam populations will decline in response to otter predation. This will result in fewer opportunities for human harvest, but will also trigger ecosystem level changes, as prey for other predators, such as octopus, sea stars, fishes, birds and mammals are modified. Sea ott","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., DeGroot, J., and Doherty, J., 2002, Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGroot, J.D.","contributorId":98844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGroot","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doherty, J.","contributorId":98425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70185172,"text":"70185172 - 2002 - Relating net nitrogen input in the Mississippi River Basin to nitrate flux in the Lower Mississippi River--A comparison of approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:01:50","indexId":"70185172","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating net nitrogen input in the Mississippi River Basin to nitrate flux in the Lower Mississippi River--A comparison of approaches","docAbstract":"<p><span>A quantitative understanding of the relationship between terrestrial N inputs and riverine N flux can help guide conservation, policy, and adaptive management efforts aimed at preserving or restoring water quality. The objective of this study was to compare recently published approaches for relating terrestrial N inputs to the Mississippi River basin (MRB) with measured nitrate flux in the lower Mississippi River. Nitrogen inputs to and outputs from the MRB (1951 to 1996) were estimated from state-level annual agricultural production statistics and NO</span><i> <sub>y</sub> </i><span>(inorganic oxides of N) deposition estimates for 20 states that comprise 90% of the MRB. A model with water yield and gross N inputs accounted for 85% of the variation in observed annual nitrate flux in the lower Mississippi River, from 1960 to 1998, but tended to underestimate high nitrate flux and overestimate low nitrate flux. A model that used water yield and net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI) accounted for 95% of the variation in riverine N flux. The NANI approach accounted for N harvested in crops and assumed that crop harvest in excess of the nutritional needs of the humans and livestock in the basin would be exported from the basin. The U.S. White House Committee on Natural Resources and Environment (CENR) developed a more comprehensive N budget that included estimates of ammonia volatilization, denitrification, and exchanges with soil organic matter. The residual N in the CENR budget was weakly and negatively correlated with observed riverine nitrate flux. The CENR estimates of soil N mineralization and immobilization suggested that there were large (2000 kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) net losses of soil organic N between 1951 and 1996. When the CENR N budget was modified by assuming that soil organic N levels have been relatively constant after 1950, and ammonia volatilization losses are redeposited within the basin, the trend of residual N closely matched temporal variation in NANI and was positively correlated with riverine nitrate flux in the lower Mississippi River. Based on results from applying these three modeling approaches, we conclude that although the NANI approach does not address several processes that influence the N cycle, it appears to focus on the terms that can be estimated with reasonable certainty and that are correlated with riverine N flux.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2002.1610","usgsCitation":"McIsaac, G.F., David, M.B., Gertner, G.Z., and Goolsby, D.A., 2002, Relating net nitrogen input in the Mississippi River Basin to nitrate flux in the Lower Mississippi River--A comparison of approaches: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 31, no. 5, p. 1610-1622, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.1610.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"1610","endPage":"1622","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d5e4b0849ce97c870a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIsaac, Gregory F.","contributorId":189364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIsaac","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"David, Mark B.","contributorId":43255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"David","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":35161,"text":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gertner, George Z.","contributorId":189365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gertner","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024756,"text":"70024756 - 2002 - Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024756","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"We analyze the source properties of a sequence of triggered earthquakes that occurred near the Salton Sea in southern California in the immediate aftermath of the M 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake of 16 October 1999. The sequence produced a number of early events that were not initially located by the regional network, including two moderate earthquakes: the first within 30 sec of the P-wave arrival and a second approximately 10 minutes after the mainshock. We use available amplitude and waveform data from these events to estimate magnitudes to be approximately 4.7 and 4.4, respectively, and to obtain crude estimates of their locations. The sequence of small events following the initial M 4.7 earthquake is clustered and suggestive of a local aftershock sequence. Using both broadband TriNet data and analog data from the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), we also investigate the spectral characteristics of the M 4.4 event and other triggered earthquakes using empirical Green's function (EGF) analysis. We find that the source spectra of the events are consistent with expectations for tectonic (brittle shear failure) earthquakes, and infer stress drop values of 0.1 to 6 MPa for six M 2.1 to M 4.4 events. The estimated stress drop values are within the range observed for tectonic earthquakes elsewhere. They are relatively low compared to typically observed stress drop values, which is consistent with expectations for faulting in an extensional, high heat flow regime. The results therefore suggest that, at least in this case, triggered earthquakes are associated with a brittle shear failure mechanism. This further suggests that triggered earthquakes may tend to occur in geothermal-volcanic regions because shear failure occurs at, and can be triggered by, relatively low stresses in extensional regimes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000910","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Kanamori, H., 2002, Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1281-1289, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000910.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1289","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478724,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140115-154238987","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000910"},{"id":233208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b933be4b08c986b31a3a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanamori, H.","contributorId":55438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023801,"text":"70023801 - 2002 - Distinguishing sediment waves from slope failure deposits: Field examples, including the 'humboldt slide', and modelling results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023801","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing sediment waves from slope failure deposits: Field examples, including the 'humboldt slide', and modelling results","docAbstract":"Migrating sediment waves have been reported in a variety of marine settings, including submarine levee-fan systems, floors of fjords, and other basin or continental slope environments. Examination of such wave fields reveals nine diagnostic characteristics. When these characteristics are applied to several features previously attributed to submarine landslide deformation, they suggest that the features should most likely be reinterpreted as migrating sediment-wave fields. Sites that have been reinterpreted include the 'Humboldt slide' on the Eel River margin in northern California, the continental slope in the Gulf of Cadiz, the continental shelf off the Malaspina Glacier in the Gulf of Alaska, and the Adriatic shelf. A reassessment of all four features strongly suggests that numerous turbidity currents, separated by intervals of ambient hemipelagic sedimentation, deposited the wave fields over thousands of years. A numerical model of hyperpycnal discharge from the Eel River, for example, shows that under certain alongshore-current conditions, such events can produce turbidity currents that flow across the 'Humboldt slide', serving as the mechanism for the development of migrating sediment waves. Numerical experiments also demonstrate that where a series of turbidity currents flows across a rough seafloor (i.e. numerical steps), sediment waves can form and migrate upslope. Hemipelagic sedimentation between turbidity current events further facilitates the upslope migration of the sediment waves. Physical modelling of turbidity currents also confirms the formation and migration of seafloor bedforms. The morphologies of sediment waves generated both numerically and physically in the laboratory bear a strong resemblance to those observed in the field, including those that were previously described as submarine landslides.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00550-9","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Syvitski, J., Parker, G., Orange, D.L., Locat, J., Hutton, E.W., and Imran, J., 2002, Distinguishing sediment waves from slope failure deposits: Field examples, including the 'humboldt slide', and modelling results: Marine Geology, v. 192, no. 1-3, p. 79-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00550-9.","startPage":"79","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207346,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00550-9"},{"id":232233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"192","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0251e4b0c8380cd4ffd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Syvitski, J.P.M.","contributorId":91222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syvitski","given":"J.P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orange, Daniel L.","contributorId":23309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orange","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Locat, J.","contributorId":56392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutton, E. W. H.","contributorId":20940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Imran, J.","contributorId":44322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imran","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024074,"text":"70024074 - 2002 - Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70024074","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes","docAbstract":"We assessed the precision of visual estimates of vegetation and substrate along transects in 15 shallow, natural Nebraska lakes. Vegetation type (submergent or emergent), vegetation density (sparse, moderate, or dense), and substrate composition (percentage sand, muck, and clay; to the nearest 10%) were estimated at 25-70 sampling sites per lake by two independent observers. Observer agreement for vegetation type was 92%. Agreement ranged from 62.5% to 90.1% for substrate composition. Agreement was also high (72%) for vegetation density estimates. The relatively high agreement between estimates was likely attributable to the homogeneity of the lake habitats. Nearly 90% of the substrate sites were classified as 0% clay, and over 68% as either 0% or 100% sand. When habitats were homogeneous, less than 40 sampling sites per lake were required for 95% confidence that habitat composition was within 10% of the true mean, and over 100 sites were required when habitats were heterogeneous. Our results suggest that relatively high precision is attainable for vegetation and substrate mapping in shallow, natural lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C., Willis, D., and Holland, R., 2002, Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1329-1333, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1329","endPage":"1333","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab066e4b0c8380cd87ab8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, R.S.","contributorId":56415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024848,"text":"70024848 - 2002 - Constructing event trees for volcanic crises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70024848","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constructing event trees for volcanic crises","docAbstract":"Event trees are useful frameworks for discussing probabilities of possible outcomes of volcanic unrest. Each branch of the tree leads from a necessary prior event to a more specific outcome, e.g., from an eruption to a pyroclastic flow. Where volcanic processes are poorly understood, probability estimates might be purely empirical - utilizing observations of past and current activity and an assumption that the future will mimic the past or follow a present trend. If processes are better understood, probabilities might be estimated from a theoritical model, either subjectively or by numerical simulations. Use of Bayes' theorem aids in the estimation of how fresh unrest raises (or lowers) the probabilities of eruptions. Use of event trees during volcanic crises can help volcanologists to critically review their analysis of hazard, and help officials and individuals to compare volcanic risks with more familiar risks. Trees also emphasize the inherently probabilistic nature of volcano forecasts, with multiple possible outcomes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s004450100173","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Newhall, C., and Hoblitt, R., 2002, Constructing event trees for volcanic crises: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 64, no. 1, p. 3-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450100173.","startPage":"3","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207746,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450100173"},{"id":232929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa13e4b0c8380cd4d914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newhall, C.","contributorId":16557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":103738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023791,"text":"70023791 - 2002 - Asymptotic approximations to posterior distributions via conditional moment equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023791","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1040,"text":"Biometrika","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asymptotic approximations to posterior distributions via conditional moment equations","docAbstract":"We consider asymptotic approximations to joint posterior distributions in situations where the full conditional distributions referred to in Gibbs sampling are asymptotically normal. Our development focuses on problems where data augmentation facilitates simpler calculations, but results hold more generally. Asymptotic mean vectors are obtained as simultaneous solutions to fixed point equations that arise naturally in the development. Asymptotic covariance matrices flow naturally from the work of Arnold & Press (1989) and involve the conditional asymptotic covariance matrices and first derivative matrices for conditional mean functions. When the fixed point equations admit an analytical solution, explicit formulae are subsequently obtained for the covariance structure of the joint limiting distribution, which may shed light on the use of the given statistical model. Two illustrations are given. ?? 2002 Biometrika Trust.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrika","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/biomet/89.4.755","issn":"00063444","usgsCitation":"Yee, J., Johnson, W., and Samaniego, F., 2002, Asymptotic approximations to posterior distributions via conditional moment equations: Biometrika, v. 89, no. 4, p. 755-767, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/89.4.755.","startPage":"755","endPage":"767","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207612,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/89.4.755"},{"id":232711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee99e4b0c8380cd49e5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yee, J.L.","contributorId":25496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.O.","contributorId":32052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samaniego, F.J.","contributorId":78212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samaniego","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023800,"text":"70023800 - 2002 - Fate and transport potential for dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a shallow to a deep aquifer at the Madisonville Creosote works","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023800","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fate and transport potential for dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a shallow to a deep aquifer at the Madisonville Creosote works","docAbstract":"The Remedy selected for a deep aquifer at the Madisonville Creosote Works, which have a potential threat of contamination from a nearby contaminated shallow aquifer is presented. The remedy includes monitoring, in consideration of the low permeability of the clay unit separating the two aquifers and the limited transport potential of the dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A computer model was used for predication of the potential fate and transport of contaminants to the deep drinking water supply aquifer. The model results show conservative breakthrough of naphthalene from the source creosote in the shallow water bearing zone at about 150 years.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","conferenceDate":"20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002","conferenceLocation":"Monterey, CA.","language":"English","isbn":"1574771329","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., and Tzhone, S., 2002, Fate and transport potential for dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a shallow to a deep aquifer at the Madisonville Creosote works, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, CA., 20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002, p. 2397-2402.","startPage":"2397","endPage":"2402","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0de4b0c8380cd53730","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gavaskar A.R.Chen A.S.C.","contributorId":128403,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gavaskar A.R.Chen A.S.C.","id":536504,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tzhone, S.","contributorId":89305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tzhone","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}