Gaining public support for management actions is important to the success of public land management agencies' efforts to protect threatened and endangered species. This is especially relevant at national parks, where managers balance two aspects of their conservation mission: to protect resources and to provide for public enjoyment. This study examined variables potentially associated with support for management actions at Cape Lookout National Seashore, a unit of the National Park Service. Two visitor surveys were conducted at the park at different seasons, and a resident survey was conducted for households in Carteret County, North Carolina, where the park is located. The goal of the project was to provide park managers with information that may help with the development of communication strategies concerning the park's conservation mission. These communication strategies may help to facilitate mutual understanding and garner public support for management actions. Several variables were examined as potential determinants that park managers ought to consider when developing communication strategies. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to examine the relationships between these variables and the likelihood of support for or opposition to management actions. The variables examined included perceived shared values of park resources, general environmental attitudes, level of familiarity with park resources and regulations, knowledge about threatened and endangered species, level of trust in the decision-making process, and perceived shared values with park management. In addition, demographic variables such as income level, respondent age, residency status, and visitor type were also used. The results show that perceived values of threatened and endangered species, trust in park managers and the decision-making process, and perceived share values with park managers were among the strongest indicators of support for management actions. Different user groups also exhibited different levels of support, with groups engaged in specialized recreation activities (fishers) being the most likely to oppose management actions. While our findings are not surprising, they corroborate past research that has shown an effective communications strategy should be customized to target different audiences. In addition, management should focus on developing long-term relationships that build trust in and foster credibility of decision-making processes.
Snake fungal disease (SFD) is an emerging skin infection of wild snakes in eastern North America. The fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola is frequently associated with the skin lesions that are characteristic of SFD, but a causal relationship between the fungus and the disease has not been established. We experimentally infected captive-bred corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) in the laboratory with pure cultures of O. ophiodiicola. All snakes in the infected group (n = 8) developed gross and microscopic lesions identical to those observed in wild snakes with SFD; snakes in the control group (n = 7) did not develop skin infections. Furthermore, the same strain of O. ophiodiicola used to inoculate snakes was recovered from lesions of all animals in the infected group, but no fungi were isolated from individuals in the control group. Monitoring progression of lesions throughout the experiment captured a range of presentations of SFD that have been described in wild snakes. The host response to the infection included marked recruitment of granulocytes to sites of fungal invasion, increased frequency of molting, and abnormal behaviors, such as anorexia and resting in conspicuous areas of enclosures. While these responses may help snakes to fight infection, they could also impact host fitness and may contribute to mortality in wild snakes with chronic O. ophiodiicola infection. This work provides a basis for understanding the pathogenicity of O. ophiodiicola and the ecology of SFD by using a model system that incorporates a host species that is easy to procure and maintain in the laboratory.
\nIMPORTANCE Skin infections in snakes, referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), have been reported with increasing frequency in wild snakes in the eastern United States. While most of these infections are associated with the fungusOphidiomyces ophiodiicola, there has been no conclusive evidence to implicate this fungus as a primary pathogen. Furthermore, it is not understood why the infections affect different host populations differently. Our experiment demonstrates that O. ophiodiicola is the causative agent of SFD and can elicit pathological changes that likely impact fitness of wild snakes. This information, and the laboratory model we describe, will be essential in addressing unresolved questions regarding disease ecology and outcomes of O. ophiodiicola infection and helping to conserve snake populations threatened by the disease. The SFD model of infection also offers utility for exploring larger concepts related to comparative fungal virulence, host response, and host-pathogen evolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/mBio.01534-15","usgsCitation":"Lorch, J.M., Lankton, J.S., Werner, K., Falendysz, E.A., McCurley, K., and Blehert, D., 2015, Experimental infection of snakes with Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola causes pathological changes that typify snake fungal disease: mBio, v. 6, no. 6, e01534-15; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01534-15.","productDescription":"e01534-15; 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068390","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01534-15","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c4fb9e4b0ebfbef0d3455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252 jlorch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":5565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlorch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lankton, Julia S. 0000-0002-6843-4388 jlankton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-4388","contributorId":5888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lankton","given":"Julia","email":"jlankton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, Katrien kwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":149910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Katrien","email":"kwerner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falendysz, Elizabeth A. 0000-0003-2895-8918 efalendysz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-8918","contributorId":127735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falendysz","given":"Elizabeth","email":"efalendysz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCurley, Kevin","contributorId":149911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCurley","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17853,"text":"New England Reptile Distributors","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":1816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David S.","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159236,"text":"ofr20151191 - 2015 - California State Waters map series — Offshore of Scott Creek, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T21:30:15.119324","indexId":"ofr20151191","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-17T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1191","title":"California State Waters map series — Offshore of Scott Creek, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Scott Creek map area is located in central California, on the Pacific Coast about 65 km south of San Francisco and 12 km northwest of Santa Cruz. The onshore part of the map area is sparsely populated; the only cultural center is Davenport, a small community with a population of less than 500. The hilly coastal area is virtually undeveloped, and a large percentage of coastal land is incorporated in open-space trusts. Agricultural land is almost entirely limited to coastal areas between the shoreline and the northwest-trending Santa Cruz Mountains, on Pleistocene alluvial fan deposits and the lowest emergent marine terrace. The Santa Cruz Mountains are part of the northwest-trending Coast Ranges that run roughly parallel to the San Andreas Fault Zone.
\nThe map area is cut by the San Gregorio Fault Zone, and it lies a few kilometers southwest of the San Andreas Fault Zone. Regional folding and uplift along the coast has been attributed to a westward bend in the San Andreas Fault Zone and also to right-lateral movement along the San Gregorio Fault Zone. The irregular coastal geomorphology of this area, which consists of low, rocky cliffs and sparse, small pocket beaches backed by low, terraced hills, is partly attributable to this ongoing deformation.
\nThe shelf in the map area is underlain by variable amounts (0 to 25 m) of upper Quaternary shelf, nearshore, and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene. The northernmost part of the map area is characterized by the presence of uplifted bedrock that has been linked to a local transpressional zone in the San Gregorio Fault Zone. This uplift, coupled with high wave energy, has resulted in little or no sediment cover in this area where exposures of bedrock are present at water depths of as much as 45 m. The thickest deposits of sediment lie offshore of both Davenport and the mouth of Waddell Creek.
\nCoastal sediment transport in the map area is characterized by north-to-south littoral transport of sediment that is derived mainly from streams in the Santa Cruz Mountains and also from local coastal erosion. Shoreline-change studies indicate long-term erosion; within the region between San Francisco and Davenport, the highest long- and short-term coastal-erosion rates occur north of the map area, just north of Point Año Nuevo. During the last approximately 300 years, as much as 18 million cubic yards (14 million cubic meters) of sand-sized sediment has been eroded from the area between Año Nuevo Island and Point Año Nuevo and transported south. Once widened by this pulse of eroded sediment, beaches in the map area are now narrowing as the tail end of this mass of sand progresses farther south.
\nThe Offshore of Scott Creek map area lies within the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from southern British Columbia to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 320 km south of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off of central California has experienced a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift away from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of Scott Creek map area, which lie within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, range from significant rocky outcrops that support kelp-forest communities nearshore to rocky-reef communities in deeper water. Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high-wave-energy environments. The kelp beds are the northernmost known habitat for the population of southern sea otters. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of rockfish and greenling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151191","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Dartnell, P., Johnson, S.Y., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Dieter, B.E., Golden, N.E., Endris, C.A., Hartwell, S.R., Kvitek, R.G., Davenport, C.W., Watt, J.T., Krigsman, L.M., Ritchie, A.C., Sliter, R.W., Finlayson, D.P., and Maier, K.L. (G.R. Cochrane and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Scott Creek, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1191, pamphlet 40 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151191.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 40 p.; 10 Sheets: 51 x 36 inches or less; Dataset; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058155","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438667,"rank":20,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CJ8BJW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog--Offshore of Scott Creek, California"},{"id":310185,"rank":18,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7CJ8BJW","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Data Catalog","linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore of Scott Creek, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":310184,"rank":17,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_metadata.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Metadata"},{"id":310104,"rank":15,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Stephen R. Hartwell, Samuel Y. Johnson, and Clifton W. Davenport"},{"id":310103,"rank":14,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Pigeon Point to Southern Monterey Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, Ray W. Sliter, and Katherine L. Maier"},{"id":310102,"rank":13,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":310101,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, Bryan E. Dieter, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":310093,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others"},{"id":399010,"rank":19,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103676.htm"},{"id":310168,"rank":16,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Pamphlet"},{"id":310100,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":310099,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":310098,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR2015-1191 Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":310097,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":310096,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":310095,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/ofr20151191_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1191 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Scott Creek Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":310094,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1260/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1260","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1260","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pacifica, California, by Brian D. Edwards and others."},{"id":310092,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3306/","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","description":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Gregorio, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":310091,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","description":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"},{"id":310090,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1191/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Scott Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3867,\n 36.9428\n ],\n [\n -122.1881,\n 36.9428\n ],\n [\n -122.1881,\n 37.1022\n ],\n [\n -122.3867,\n 37.1022\n ],\n [\n -122.3867,\n 36.9428\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
Microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MFQPCR) and conventional quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods were compared side by side in detecting and quantifying 19 genetic markers associated with Escherichia coli and select bacterial pathogens in algae, beach sand, and water from Lake Michigan. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Clostridium perfringens were among the pathogens tested. Of the pathogenic markers, eaeA that encodes intimin in EPEC was detected in all sample types: water (5%), detached/floating algae (42%), exposed/stranded algae (43%), sand below exposed algae (27%), and nearshore sand with no algae (22%). Other pathogenic markers, however, were detected sporadically. Despite comparable results from the two methods for the genetic markers tested in this study, the MFQPCR method may be superior, with the advantage of detecting and quantifying multiple pathogens simultaneously in environmental matrices.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00251","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Nevers, M., Whitman, R.L., and Ishii, S., 2015, Application of a microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique to monitor bacterial pathogens in beach water and complex environmental matrices: Environmental Science and Technology Letters, v. 2, no. 12, p. 347-351, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00251.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"351","ipdsId":"IP-068779","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"East Chicago","otherGeospatial":"Jeorse Park Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.43456363677977,\n 41.64793556376401\n ],\n [\n -87.42568016052245,\n 41.64793556376401\n ],\n [\n -87.42568016052245,\n 41.65280974019908\n ],\n [\n -87.43456363677977,\n 41.65280974019908\n ],\n [\n -87.43456363677977,\n 41.64793556376401\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara 0000-0001-5376-597X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5376-597X","contributorId":241924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith 0000-0001-6963-6734 mnevers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-6734","contributorId":2013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"mnevers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ishii, Satoshi","contributorId":8741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"Satoshi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159610,"text":"ofr20151204 - 2015 - Marshes to mudflats—Effects of sea-level rise on tidal marshes along a latitudinal gradient in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T17:12:54","indexId":"ofr20151204","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-17T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1204","title":"Marshes to mudflats—Effects of sea-level rise on tidal marshes along a latitudinal gradient in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"In the Pacific Northwest, coastal wetlands support a wealth of ecosystem services including habitat provision for wildlife and fisheries and flood protection. The tidal marshes, mudflats, and shallow bays of coastal estuaries link marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats, and provide economic and recreational benefits to local communities. Climate change effects such as sea-level rise are altering these habitats, but we know little about how these areas will change over the next 50–100 years. Our study examined the effects of sea-level rise on nine tidal marshes in Washington and Oregon between 2012 and 2015, with the goal of providing scientific data to support future coastal planning and conservation. We compiled physical and biological data, including coastal topography, tidal inundation, vegetation structure, as well as recent and historical sediment accretion rates, to assess and model how sea-level rise may alter these ecosystems in the future. Multiple factors, including initial elevation, marsh productivity, sediment availability, and rates of sea-level rise, affected marsh persistence. Under a low sea-level rise scenario, all marshes remained vegetated with little change in the present configuration of communities of marsh plants or gradually increased proportions of middle-, high-, or transition-elevation zones of marsh vegetation. However, at most sites, mid sea-level rise projections led to loss of habitat of middle and high marshes and a gain of low marshes. Under a high sea-level rise scenario, marshes at most sites eventually converted to intertidal mudflats. Two sites (Grays Harbor and Willapa) seemed to have the most resilience to a high rate of rise in sea-level, persisting as low marsh until at least 2110. Our main model finding is that most tidal marsh study sites are resilient to sea-level rise over the next 50–70 years, but that sea-level rise will eventually outpace marsh accretion and drown most habitats of high and middle marshes by 2110.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northwest Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Thorne, K.M., Dugger, B.D., Buffington, K.J., Freeman, C.M., Janousek, C.N., Powelson, K.W., Gutenspergen, G.R., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2015, Marshes to mudflats—Effects of sea-level rise on tidal marshes along a latitudinal gradient in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1204, 54 p. plus appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151204.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 54 p.; Appendixes: A-I","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2015-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-063198","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311426,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1204/ofr20151204.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8. MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1204 PDF"},{"id":311427,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1204/ofr20151204_appendixesA-I.pdf","text":"Appendixes A-I","size":"6.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1204 Appendix PDF"},{"id":311425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1204/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -124.69482421875,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -118.2568359375,\n 33.55970664841198\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/
The Black Rail is the smallest member of the avian family Rallidae and has a wide-ranging but highly scattered distribution throughout the New World. Of five subspecies, two occur in North America—the Eastern Black Rail (L.j. jamaicensis) and the California Black Rail (L.j. coturniculus). Throughout its range, the Black Rail is a secretive inhabitant of tidal and freshwater wetlands and rarely ventures out from the cover of dense marsh vegetation. It is more likely to be heard than seen; spontaneous vocalizations tend to be concentrated in the nesting season and are much less common during the rest of the year.
","largerWorkTitle":"The Baylands and climate change: What can we do? Baylands Ecosystem Habitat Goals science update 2015","language":"English","publisher":"California State Coastal Conservancy","collaboration":"Prepared by the San Franciso Bay Area Wetlands Ecosystem Goals Project","usgsCitation":"Evens, J.G., and Thorne, K.M., 2015, Case Study, California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis corturniculus): Science Foundation Chapter 5, Appendix 5.1 in The Baylands and climate change: What can we do?, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060996","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331321,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://baylandsgoals.org/science-update-2016/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.10729980468749,\n 37.28716518793858\n ],\n [\n -123.10729980468749,\n 38.68122173079789\n ],\n [\n -121.53625488281249,\n 38.68122173079789\n ],\n [\n -121.53625488281249,\n 37.28716518793858\n ],\n [\n -123.10729980468749,\n 37.28716518793858\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583ff350e4b04fc80e43726a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evens, Jules G.","contributorId":12966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evens","given":"Jules","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657 kthorne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":4191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen","email":"kthorne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159622,"text":"ofr20151220 - 2015 - Behavior, passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon from Detroit Reservoir to Portland, Oregon, 2014–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-17T09:36:38","indexId":"ofr20151220","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-16T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1220","title":"Behavior, passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon from Detroit Reservoir to Portland, Oregon, 2014–15","docAbstract":"An evaluation was conducted to estimate dam passage survival of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at Detroit Dam during a period of spill. To estimate dam passage survival, we used a paired-release recapture study design and released groups of tagged fish upstream (997 fish) and downstream (625 fish) of Detroit Dam. A total of 43 fish (6.8 percent) passed Detroit Dam from the upstream release group and passage occurred through regulating outlets (54.8 percent), spill bays (31.0 percent), and turbines (14.3 percent). We do not present dam passage survival estimates from 2014 because these estimates would have been highly uncertain due to the low number of fish that passed Detroit Dam during the study. Secondary objectives were addressed using data collected from tagged fish that were released at the downstream release site.
\nJuvenile salmonids have multiple passage options at the Bennett Dam complex, which includes a series of dams and braided channels. A pair of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) monitoring arrays were installed at Upper Bennett Dam and in the Stayton Canal by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife during 2014. We deployed acoustic telemetry hydrophones near these arrays to detect acoustic-tagged fish from our study and used these detections to quantify proportions of tagged fish passing through the two routes. About one-fourth (0.257) of the tagged fish that were released downstream of Big Cliff Dam were detected on the new PIT tag array while passing the Bennett Dam complex. A total of 402 acoustic-tagged fish were detected at the complex and many (248 fish; 62 percent) eventually entered the Stayton Canal. Median residence time in the canal was 6.5 hours, but 12.7 percent of the fish had extended residence times (7–37 days). Passage also was monitored at the Sullivan Project at Willamette Falls and about 40 percent (0.398) of the tagged fish passing the project were detected on the PIT tag array.
\nA Cormack-Jolly-Seber mark-recapture model was developed to provide reach-specific survival estimates for juvenile Chinook salmon. A portion of the tagged population overwintered in the Willamette River Basin and outmigrated several months after release. As a result, survival estimates from the model would have been negatively biased by factors such as acoustic tag failure and tag loss. Data from laboratory studies were incorporated into the model to provide survival estimates that accounted for these factors. In the North Santiam River between Minto Dam and the Bennett Dam complex, a distance of 37.2 kilometers, survival was estimated to be 0.844 (95-percent confidence interval 0.795–0.893). The survival estimate for the 203.7 kilometer reach between the Bennett Dam complex and Portland, Oregon, was 0.279 (95-percent confidence interval 0.234–0.324), and included portions of the North Santiam, Santiam, and Willamette Rivers. The cumulative survival estimate in the 240.9 kilometer reach from the Minto Dam tailrace to Portland was 0.236 (95-percent confidence interval 0.197–0.275).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151220","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Beeman, J.W., Hansen, A.C., Hansel, H.C., Hansen, G.S., Hatton, T.W., Kofoot, E.E., Sholtis, M.D., and Sprando, J.M., 2015, Behavior, passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon from Detroit Reservoir to Portland, Oregon, 2014–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1220, 30 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151220.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-08-01","temporalEnd":"2015-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-067565","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1220/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":311362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1220/ofr20151220.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1220 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","otherGeospatial":"Detroit Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.65693173288727\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 44.65693173288727\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.65693173288727\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
The increasing capability of seismic, geodetic, and hydrothermal observation networks allows recognition of volcanic unrest that could previously have gone undetected, creating an imperative to diagnose and interpret unrest episodes. A November 2014 earthquake swarm near Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, which included the largest earthquake in the area in more than 60 years, was accompanied by a rarely observed outburst of hydrothermal fluids. Although the earthquake swarm likely reflects upward migration of endogenous H2O-CO2 fluids in the source region, there is no evidence that such fluids emerged at the surface. Instead, shaking from the modest sized (moment magnitude 3.85) but proximal earthquake caused near-vent permeability increases that triggered increased outflow of hydrothermal fluids already present and equilibrated in a local hydrothermal aquifer. Long-term, multiparametric monitoring at Lassen and other well-instrumented volcanoes enhances interpretation of unrest and can provide a basis for detailed physical modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015GL065826","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., Shelly, D.R., Hsieh, P.A., Clor, L., Seward, P., and Evans, W.C., 2015, Hydrothermal response to a volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm, Lassen, California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 21, p. 9223-9230, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065826.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9223","endPage":"9230","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066679","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5909423828125,\n 39.38526381099774\n ],\n [\n -122.5909423828125,\n 41.475660200278234\n ],\n [\n -120.02563476562501,\n 41.475660200278234\n ],\n [\n -120.02563476562501,\n 39.38526381099774\n ],\n [\n -122.5909423828125,\n 39.38526381099774\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"21","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56826b42e4b0a04ef4925b55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clor, Laura 0000-0003-2633-5100 lclor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-5100","contributorId":150878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clor","given":"Laura","email":"lclor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seward, P.H.","contributorId":150879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seward","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18130,"text":"White Barn Millworks, Chico, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159632,"text":"70159632 - 2015 - Rates and patterns of surface deformation from laser scanning following the South Napa earthquake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T11:07:58","indexId":"70159632","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-16T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates and patterns of surface deformation from laser scanning following the South Napa earthquake, California","docAbstract":"The A.D. 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake, despite its moderate magnitude, caused significant damage to the Napa Valley in northern California (USA). Surface rupture occurred along several mapped and unmapped faults. Field observations following the earthquake indicated that the magnitude of postseismic surface slip was likely to approach or exceed the maximum coseismic surface slip and as such presented ongoing hazard to infrastructure. Using a laser scanner, we monitored postseismic deformation in three dimensions through time along 0.5 km of the main surface rupture. A key component of this study is the demonstration of proper alignment of repeat surveys using point cloud–based methods that minimize error imposed by both local survey errors and global navigation satellite system georeferencing errors. Using solid modeling of natural and cultural features, we quantify dextral postseismic displacement at several hundred points near the main fault trace. We also quantify total dextral displacement of initially straight cultural features. Total dextral displacement from both coseismic displacement and the first 2.5 d of postseismic displacement ranges from 0.22 to 0.29 m. This range increased to 0.33–0.42 m at 59 d post-earthquake. Furthermore, we estimate up to 0.15 m of vertical deformation during the first 2.5 d post-earthquake, which then increased by ∼0.02 m at 59 d post-earthquake. This vertical deformation is not expressed as a distinct step or scarp at the fault trace but rather as a broad up-to-the-west zone of increasing elevation change spanning the fault trace over several tens of meters, challenging common notions about fault scarp development in strike-slip systems. Integrating these analyses provides three-dimensional mapping of surface deformation and identifies spatial variability in slip along the main fault trace that we attribute to distributed slip via subtle block rotation. These results indicate the benefits of laser scanner surveys along active faults and demonstrate that fine-scale variability in fault slip has been missed by traditional earthquake response methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES01189.1","usgsCitation":"DeLong, S.B., Lienkaemper, J.J., Pickering, A.J., and Avdievitch, N.N., 2015, Rates and patterns of surface deformation from laser scanning following the South Napa earthquake, California: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 6, p. 2015-2030, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01189.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2015","endPage":"2030","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063802","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471646,"rank":4,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01189.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438668,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71N7Z89","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"3D point cloud data from laser scanning along the 2014 South Napa Earthquake surface rupture (2016)"},{"id":311373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F71N7Z89","text":"3D point cloud data from laser scanning along the 2014 South Napa Earthquake surface rupture, California, USA"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Napa Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.37979888916016,\n 38.2354834596579\n ],\n [\n -122.37979888916016,\n 38.278348508036814\n ],\n [\n -122.30461120605469,\n 38.278348508036814\n ],\n [\n -122.30461120605469,\n 38.2354834596579\n ],\n [\n -122.37979888916016,\n 38.2354834596579\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564afe32e4b0ebfbef0d3118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pickering, Alexandra J. 0000-0002-1281-6117 apickering@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-6117","contributorId":5990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"Alexandra","email":"apickering@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avdievitch, Nikita N.","contributorId":143693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avdievitch","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":15304,"text":"University of Tubingen, Wilhelmstrasse 56, Tugingen, GER 72076","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173532,"text":"70173532 - 2015 - Strategic Grassland Bird Conservation throughout the annual cycle: Linking policy alternatives, landowner decisions, and biological population outcomes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T10:24:14","indexId":"70173532","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-16T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strategic Grassland Bird Conservation throughout the annual cycle: Linking policy alternatives, landowner decisions, and biological population outcomes","docAbstract":"Grassland bird habitat has declined substantially in the United States. Remaining grasslands are increasingly fragmented, mostly privately owned, and vary greatly in terms of habitat quality and protection status. A coordinated strategic response for grassland bird conservation is difficult, largely due to the scope and complexity of the problem, further compounded by biological, sociological, and economic uncertainties. We describe the results from a collaborative Structured Decision Making (SDM) workshop focused on linking social and economic drivers of landscape change to grassland bird population outcomes. We identified and evaluated alternative strategies for grassland bird conservation using a series of rapid prototype models. We modeled change in grassland and agriculture cover in hypothetical landscapes resulting from different landowner decisions in response to alternative socio-economic conservation policy decisions. Resulting changes in land cover at all three stages of the annual cycle (breeding, wintering, and migration) were used to estimate changes in grassland bird populations. Our results suggest that successful grassland bird conservation may depend upon linkages with ecosystem services on working agricultural lands and grassland-based marketing campaigns to engage the public. With further development, spatial models that link landowner decisions with biological outcomes can be essential tools for making conservation policy decisions. A coordinated non-traditional partnership will likely be necessary to clearly understand and systematically respond to the many conservation challenges facing grassland birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0142525","usgsCitation":"Drum, R.G., Ribic, C., Koch, K., Lonsdorf, E.V., Grant, E.C., Ahlering, M., Barnhill, L.M., Dailey, T., Lor, S., Mueller, C., Pavlacky, D., Rideout, C., and Sample, D.W., 2015, Strategic Grassland Bird Conservation throughout the annual cycle: Linking policy alternatives, landowner decisions, and biological population outcomes: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142525.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057271","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142525","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb9e4b07657d19ba795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drum, Ryan G.","contributorId":171941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drum","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koch, Katie","contributorId":171942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koch","given":"Katie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lonsdorf, Eric V.","contributorId":149495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lonsdorf","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":17752,"text":"Chicago Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grant, Edward C.","contributorId":60957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ahlering, Marissa 0000-0002-3913-428X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3913-428X","contributorId":171943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahlering","given":"Marissa","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barnhill, Laurel M.","contributorId":171944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnhill","given":"Laurel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dailey, Thomas","contributorId":171945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dailey","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lor, Socheata","contributorId":48812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lor","given":"Socheata","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mueller, Connie","contributorId":171946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Connie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pavlacky, D.C. Jr.","contributorId":43540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlacky","given":"D.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rideout, Catherine","contributorId":79020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rideout","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sample, David W.","contributorId":19484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70193749,"text":"70193749 - 2015 - Time-lapse electrical geophysical monitoring of amendment-based biostimulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T16:40:37.361698","indexId":"70193749","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-lapse electrical geophysical monitoring of amendment-based biostimulation","docAbstract":"Biostimulation is increasingly used to accelerate microbial remediation of recalcitrant groundwater contaminants. Effective application of biostimulation requires successful emplacement of amendment in the contaminant target zone. Verification of remediation performance requires postemplacement assessment and contaminant monitoring. Sampling-based approaches are expensive and provide low-density spatial and temporal information. Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is an effective geophysical method for determining temporal changes in subsurface electrical conductivity. Because remedial amendments and biostimulation-related biogeochemical processes often change subsurface electrical conductivity, ERT can complement and enhance sampling-based approaches for assessing emplacement and monitoring biostimulation-based remediation.
Field studies demonstrating the ability of time-lapse ERT to monitor amendment emplacement and behavior were performed during a biostimulation remediation effort conducted at the Department of Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office (DRMO) Yard, in Brandywine, Maryland, United States. Geochemical fluid sampling was used to calibrate a petrophysical relation in order to predict groundwater indicators of amendment distribution. The petrophysical relations were field validated by comparing predictions to sequestered fluid sample results, thus demonstrating the potential of electrical geophysics for quantitative assessment of amendment-related geochemical properties. Crosshole radar zero-offset profile and borehole geophysical logging were also performed to augment the data set and validate interpretation.
In addition to delineating amendment transport in the first 10 months after emplacement, the time-lapse ERT results show later changes in bulk electrical properties interpreted as mineral precipitation. Results support the use of more cost-effective surface-based ERT in conjunction with limited field sampling to improve spatial and temporal monitoring of amendment emplacement and remediation performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12291","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T.C., Versteeg, R.J., Day-Lewis, F.D., Major, W., and Lane, J.W., 2015, Time-lapse electrical geophysical monitoring of amendment-based biostimulation: Ground Water, v. 53, no. 6, p. 920-932, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12291.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"920","endPage":"932","ipdsId":"IP-059263","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","city":"Brandywine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.8456,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -76.8456,\n 38.6964\n ],\n [\n -76.8420,\n 38.6964\n ],\n [\n -76.8420,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -76.8456,\n 38.7\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe57e4b06e28e9c252e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Timothy C.","contributorId":199842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Versteeg, Roelof J.","contributorId":199843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Versteeg","given":"Roelof","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Major, William","contributorId":199844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Major","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159874,"text":"70159874 - 2015 - Comment on \"Donders, T.H. 2014. Middle Holocene humidity increase in Florida: climate or sea-level? Quaternary Science Reviews 103:170-174.\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T13:59:57","indexId":"70159874","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-15T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"Donders, T.H. 2014. Middle Holocene humidity increase in Florida: climate or sea-level? Quaternary Science Reviews 103:170-174.\"","docAbstract":"Donders (2014) has recently proposed that the climate of Florida became progressively wetter over the past 5000 years in response to a marked strengthening of the El Niño regime. This reconstruction is largely based on a re-analysis of pollen records from regions north of Lake Okeechobee (Fig. 1) using a new set of pollen transfer functions. Donders concluded that a latitudinal gradient in precipitation prevailed across Florida since the mid Holocene, but the overall trend was toward progressively wetter conditions from 5000 cal BP to the present.
\nDonders (2014) also proposed that this climatic trend extended across South Florida despite contrary paleo-records from the Everglades. In particular he singled out the Northeast Shark River Slough (NESRS) record of Glaser et al. (2013) as an atypical local signal of paleo-environmental change that was biased by a misinterpretation of the ecology of pine and Amaranthaceae (Amaranth family). In response to this direct critique of our paleo-environmental interpretation, we wish to point out that:
\nSources, abundance, isotopic compositions, and export fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved and colloidal organic carbon (DOC and COC), and particulate organic carbon (POC), and their response to hydrologic regimes were examined through monthly sampling from the Lower Mississippi River during 2006–2008. DIC was the most abundant carbon species, followed by POC and DOC. Concentration and δ13C of DIC decreased with increasing river discharge, while those of DOC remained fairly stable. COC comprised 61 ± 3% of the bulk DOC with similar δ13C abundances but higher percentages of hydrophobic organic acids than DOC, suggesting its aromatic and diagenetically younger status. POC showed peak concentrations during medium flooding events and at the rising limb of large flooding events. While δ13C-POC increased, δ15N of particulate nitrogen decreased with increasing discharge. Overall, the differences in δ13C between DOC or DIC and POC show an inverse correlation with river discharge. The higher input of soil organic matter and respired CO2 during wet seasons was likely the main driver for the convergence of δ13C between DIC and DOC or POC, whereas enhanced in situ primary production and respiration during dry seasons might be responsible for their isotopic divergence. Carbon export fluxes from the Mississippi River were estimated to be 13.6 Tg C yr−1 for DIC, 1.88 Tg C yr−1 for DOC, and 2.30 Tg C yr−1 for POC during 2006–2008. The discharge-normalized DIC yield decreased during wet seasons, while those of POC and DOC increased and remained constant, respectively, implying variable responses in carbon export to the increasing discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JG003139","usgsCitation":"Cai, Y., Guo, L., Wang, X., and Aiken, G.R., 2015, Abundance, stable isotopic composition, and export fluxes of DOC, POC, and DIC from the Lower Mississippi River during 2006–2008: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 11, p. 2273-2288, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003139.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2273","endPage":"2288","ipdsId":"IP-068855","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jg003139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.5,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 29.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582443f6e4b09065cdf3053b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cai, Yihua","contributorId":176752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Yihua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Laodong","contributorId":176753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Laodong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Xuri","contributorId":176754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xuri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157269,"text":"ofr20151182 - 2015 - The relationship between the ratio of strontium to calcium and sea-surface temperature in a modern Porites astreoides coral: Implications for using P. astreoides as a paleoclimate archive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T13:27:24","indexId":"ofr20151182","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-13T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1182","title":"The relationship between the ratio of strontium to calcium and sea-surface temperature in a modern Porites astreoides coral: Implications for using P. astreoides as a paleoclimate archive","docAbstract":"An inverse relationship has been demonstrated between water temperature and the ratio of strontium to calcium (Sr/Ca) in coral aragonite for a number of Pacific species of the genus Porites. This empirically determined relationship has been used to reconstruct past sea-surface temperature (SST) from modern and Holocene age coral archives. A study was conducted to investigate this relationship for Porites astreoides to determine the potential for using these corals as a paleotemperature archive in the Caribbean and western tropical Atlantic Ocean. Skeletal aragonite from a P. astreoides colony growing offshore of the southeast coast of Florida was subsampled with a mean temporal resolution of 14 samples per year and analyzed for Sr/Ca. The resulting Sr/Ca time series yielded well-defined annual cycles that correspond to annual growth bands in the coral. Sr/Ca was regressed against a monthly SST record from C-MAN buoy station FWYF1 (located at Fowey Rocks, Florida), resulting in the following Sr/Ca-SST relationship: Sr/Ca = –0.040*SST + 10.128 (R = –0.77). A 10-year time series of Sr/Ca-derived SST yields annual cycles with a 10–12 degree Celsius seasonal amplitude, consistent with available local instrumental records. We conclude that Sr/Ca in Porites astreoides from the Caribbean/Atlantic region has high potential for developing subannually resolved modern and recent Holocene SST records.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151182","usgsCitation":"Busch, T.E., Flannery, J.A., Richey, J.N., and Stathakopoulos, Anastasios, 2015, The relationship between the ratio of strontium to calcium and sea-surface temperature in a modern Porites astreoides coral—Implications for using P. astreoides as a paleoclimate archive: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1182, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151182.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065459","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1182/ofr20151182.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1182"},{"id":311285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1182/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Miami","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.99621582031249,\n 24.956180020055925\n ],\n [\n -82.99621582031249,\n 27.756468889550746\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 27.756468889550746\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 24.956180020055925\n ],\n [\n -82.99621582031249,\n 24.956180020055925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
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http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
Despite recent advances in spectroscopic techniques, there is uncertainty regarding the nature of the carbonyl groups in the asphaltene and resin fractions of crude oil, information necessary for an understanding of the physical properties and environmental fate of these materials. Carbonyl and hydroxyl group functionalities are not observed in natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of asphaltenes and resins and therefore require spin labeling techniques for detection. In this study, the carbonyl functionalities of the resin and asphaltene fractions from a light aliphatic crude oil that is the source of groundwater contamination at the long term USGS study site near Bemidji, Minnesota, have been examined through reaction with 15N-labeled hydroxylamine and aniline in conjunction with analysis by solid and liquid state 15N NMR. Ketone groups were revealed through 15N NMR detection of their oxime and Schiff base derivatives, and esters through their hydroxamic acid derivatives. Anilinohydroquinone adducts provided evidence for quinones. Some possible configurations of the ketone groups in the resin and asphaltene fractions can be inferred from a consideration of the likely reactions that lead to heterocyclic condensation products with aniline and to the Beckmann reaction products from the initially formed oximes. These include aromatic ketones and ketones adjacent to quaternary carbon centers, β-hydroxyketones, β-diketones, and β-ketoesters. In a solid state cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 15N NMR spectrum recorded on the underivatized asphaltene as a control, carbazole and pyrrole-like nitrogens were the major naturally abundant nitrogens detected.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0142452","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., and Cox, L.G., 2015, Probing the carbonyl functionality of a petroleum resin and asphaltene through oximation and schiff base formation in conjunction with N-15 NMR: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 11, e0142452: 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142452.","productDescription":"e0142452: 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062013","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142452","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.108642578125,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -95.108642578125,\n 47.64133557512159\n ],\n [\n -94.64996337890625,\n 47.64133557512159\n ],\n [\n -94.64996337890625,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -95.108642578125,\n 47.338822694822\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645b887e4b0e2669b30f1d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Larry G. lgcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":3310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Larry","email":"lgcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":579491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159136,"text":"fs20153072 - 2015 - Assessment of shale-oil resources of the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T15:02:47","indexId":"fs20153072","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-12T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3072","title":"Assessment of shale-oil resources of the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia, 2015","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated means of 459 million barrels of shale oil, 275 billion cubic feet of associated gas, and 23 million barrels of natural gas liquids in the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153072","collaboration":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Charpentier, R.R., Klett, T.R., Tennyson, M.E., Mercier, T.J., Brownfield, M.E., Pitman, J.K., Gaswirth, S.B., and Leathers-Miller, H.M., 2015, Assessment of shale-oil resources of the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3072, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153072.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066710","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311106,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3072/fs20153072.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3072"},{"id":311104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3072/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Central Sumatra Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 100.99731445312499,\n 3.1734250695079433\n ],\n [\n 101.173095703125,\n 2.701635047944533\n ],\n [\n 101.656494140625,\n 2.3065056838291094\n ],\n [\n 102.315673828125,\n 1.8124417945380265\n ],\n [\n 102.645263671875,\n 1.4390576608077637\n ],\n [\n 102.908935546875,\n 1.0656123898763876\n ],\n [\n 103.17260742187499,\n 0.7031073524364783\n ],\n [\n 103.22753906249999,\n 0.4614207935306211\n ],\n [\n 103.46923828124999,\n 0.2856433479945185\n ],\n [\n 103.64501953125,\n 0.03295898255729738\n ],\n [\n 103.798828125,\n -0.21972602392080884\n ],\n [\n 103.831787109375,\n -0.4394488164139641\n ],\n [\n 103.60107421874999,\n -0.6481795331595092\n ],\n [\n 103.4033203125,\n -0.8019757647536726\n ],\n [\n 103.018798828125,\n -0.7470491450051796\n ],\n [\n 102.623291015625,\n -1.098565496040652\n ],\n [\n 102.10693359375,\n -0.9008417889908868\n ],\n [\n 101.832275390625,\n -0.9667509997666298\n ],\n [\n 100.94238281249999,\n -0.39550467153200675\n ],\n [\n 100.338134765625,\n 0.39550467153201946\n ],\n [\n 100.118408203125,\n 0.6811362994451233\n ],\n [\n 100.03051757812499,\n 1.3951257897508365\n ],\n [\n 99.755859375,\n 1.5708480935151505\n ],\n [\n 100.99731445312499,\n 3.1734250695079433\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://energy.usgs.gov/
Predation on juvenile native fish by introduced Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout is considered a significant threat to the persistence of endangered Humpback Chub Gila cypha in the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. Diet studies of Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout in Glen and Grand canyons indicate that these species do eat native fish, but impacts are difficult to assess because predation vulnerability is highly variable, depending on prey size, predator size, and the water temperatures under which the predation interactions take place. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate how short-term predation vulnerability of juvenile native fish changes in response to fish size and water temperature using captivity-reared Humpback Chub, Bonytail, and Roundtail Chub. Juvenile chub 45–90 mm total length (TL) were exposed to adult Rainbow and Brown trouts at 10, 15, and 20°C to measure predation vulnerability as a function of water temperature and fish size. A 1°C increase in water temperature decreased short-term predation vulnerability of Humpback Chub to Rainbow Trout by about 5%, although the relationship is not linear. Brown Trout were highly piscivorous in the laboratory at any size > 220 mm TL and at all water temperatures we tested. Understanding the effects of predation by trout on endangered Humpback Chub is critical in evaluating management options aimed at preserving native fishes in Grand Canyon National Park.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1077160","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.L., and Morton-Starner, R., 2015, Effects of water temperature and fish size on predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub to rainbow trout and brown trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, p. 1184-1191, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1077160.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1184","endPage":"1191","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062089","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645b886e4b0e2669b30f1cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David L. 0000-0002-3355-0637 dlward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":3879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dlward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton-Starner, Rylan rmorton-starner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton-Starner","given":"Rylan","email":"rmorton-starner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159577,"text":"70159577 - 2015 - Holocene environmental changes inferred from biological and sedimentological proxies in a high elevation Great Basin lake in the northern Ruby Mountains, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-12T10:50:35","indexId":"70159577","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-12T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene environmental changes inferred from biological and sedimentological proxies in a high elevation Great Basin lake in the northern Ruby Mountains, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Multi-proxy analyses were conducted on a sediment core from Favre Lake, a high elevation cirque lake in the northern Ruby Mountains, Nevada, and provide a ca. 7600 year record of local and regional environmental change. Data indicate that lake levels were lower from 7600-5750 cal yr BP, when local climate was warmer and/or drier than today. Effective moisture increased after 5750 cal yr BP and remained relatively wet, and possibly cooler, until ca. 3750 cal yr BP. Results indicate generally dry conditions but also enhanced climatic variability from 3750-1750 cal yr BP, after which effective moisture increased. The timing of major changes in the Favre Lake proxy data are roughly coeval and in phase with those recorded in several paleoclimate studies across the Great Basin, suggesting regional climatic controls on local conditions and similar responses at high and low altitudes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.026","usgsCitation":"Wahl, D.B., Starratt, S.W., Anderson, L., Kusler, J.E., Fuller, C.C., Addison, J.A., and Wan, E., 2015, Holocene environmental changes inferred from biological and sedimentological proxies in a high elevation Great Basin lake in the northern Ruby Mountains, Nevada, USA: Quaternary International, v. 387, p. 87-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.026.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057967","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.67504882812501,\n 39.97291055131899\n ],\n [\n -115.67504882812501,\n 41.10212132036491\n ],\n [\n -115.00762939453125,\n 41.10212132036491\n ],\n [\n -115.00762939453125,\n 39.97291055131899\n ],\n [\n -115.67504882812501,\n 39.97291055131899\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"387","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645b887e4b0e2669b30f1d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, David B. 0000-0002-0451-3554 dwahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3554","contributorId":3433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","email":"dwahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Lysanna 0000-0001-5650-9744 landerson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-9744","contributorId":5339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lysanna","email":"landerson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kusler, Jennifer E. jkusler@usgs.gov","contributorId":5151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusler","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkusler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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2015 - Use of stable isotope signatures to determine mercury sources in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:52:12","indexId":"70159807","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-12T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5022,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","onlineIssn":"2328-8930","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of stable isotope signatures to determine mercury sources in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Sources of mercury (Hg) in Great Lakes sediments were assessed with stable Hg isotope ratios using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. An isotopic mixing model based on mass-dependent (MDF) and mass-independent fractionation (MIF) (δ202Hg and Δ199Hg) identified three primary Hg sources for sediments: atmospheric, industrial, and watershed-derived. Results indicate atmospheric sources dominate in Lakes Huron, Superior, and Michigan sediments while watershed-derived and industrial sources dominate in Lakes Erie and Ontario sediments. Anomalous Δ200Hg signatures, also apparent in sediments, provided independent validation of the model. Comparison of Δ200Hg signatures in predatory fish from three lakes reveals that bioaccumulated Hg is more isotopically similar to atmospherically derived Hg than a lake’s sediment. Previous research suggests Δ200Hg is conserved during biogeochemical processing and odd mass-independent fractionation (MIF) is conserved during metabolic processing, so it is suspected even is similarly conserved. Given these assumptions, our data suggest that in some cases, atmospherically derived Hg may be a more important source of MeHg to higher trophic levels than legacy sediments in the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00277","usgsCitation":"Lepak, R.F., Yin, R., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Ogorek, J.M., DeWild, J.F., Holsen, T.M., and Hurley, J., 2015, Use of stable isotope signatures to determine mercury sources in the Great Lakes: Environmental Science & Technology Letters, v. 2, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00277.","productDescription":"7 p.","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"341","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070652","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00277","text":"Publisher Index 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Discrete water samples were collected from VINP bays to determine UV filter chemical presence in the coastal waters. Spatial distribution and the potential for partitioning between subsurface waters and the sea surface microlayer (SML) were also examined. The UV filter chemicals 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, benzophenone-3, octinoxate, homosalate, and octocrylene were detected at concentrations up to 6073 ng/L (benzophenone-3). Concentrations for benzophenone-3 and homosalate declined exponentially (r2 = 0.86 to 0.98) with distance from the beach. Limited data indicate that some UV filter chemicals may partition to the SML relative to the subsurface waters. Contamination of VINP coastal waters by UV filter chemicals may be a significant issue, but an improved understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of their concentrations would be necessary to better understand the risk they present.
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Reactive transport models help elucidate how diverse geochemical reactions control the spatiotemporal evolution of these impacts. Using extensive monitoring data from a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota (USA), we implemented a comprehensive model that simulates secondary plumes of depleted dissolved O2 and elevated concentrations of Mn2+, Fe2+, CH4, and Ca2+ over a two-dimensional cross section for 30 years following the spill. The model produces observed changes by representing multiple oil constituents and coupled carbonate and hydroxide chemistry. The model includes reactions with carbonates and Fe and Mn mineral phases, outgassing of CH4 and CO2 gas phases, and sorption of Fe, Mn, and H+. Model results demonstrate that most of the carbon loss from the oil (70%) occurs through direct outgassing from the oil source zone, greatly limiting the amount of CH4 cycled down-gradient. The vast majority of reduced Fe is strongly attenuated on sediments, with most (91%) in the sorbed form in the model. Ferrous carbonates constitute a small fraction of the reduced Fe in simulations, but may be important for furthering the reduction of ferric oxides. The combined effect of concomitant redox reactions, sorption, and dissolved CO2 inputs from source-zone degradation successfully reproduced observed pH. The model demonstrates that secondary water quality impacts may depend strongly on organic carbon properties, and impacts may decrease due to sorption and direct outgassing from the source zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015WR016964","usgsCitation":"Ng, G.C., Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M.J., Bennett, P.C., Amos, R.T., and Herkelrath, W.N., 2015, Reactive transport modeling of geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 6, p. 4156-4183, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR016964.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"4156","endPage":"4183","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064817","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr016964","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Bemidji","otherGeospatial":"Bemindji Oil Spill site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.13130187988281,\n 47.5363264438391\n ],\n [\n -95.0456428527832,\n 47.5363264438391\n ],\n [\n -95.0456428527832,\n 47.57316730158045\n ],\n [\n -95.13130187988281,\n 47.57316730158045\n ],\n [\n -95.13130187988281,\n 47.5363264438391\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5de4e4b0ebfbef0d348b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal gng@usgs.gov","contributorId":5313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Gene-Hua","email":"gng@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Crystal","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159595,"text":"70159595 - 2015 - Two myxozoans from the urinary tract of topsmelt, Atherinops affinis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T15:13:08.662154","indexId":"70159595","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-11T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Two myxozoans from the urinary tract of topsmelt, Atherinops affinis","title":"Two myxozoans from the urinary tract of topsmelt, Atherinops affinis","docAbstract":"Two myxozoan species were observed in the kidney of topsmelt, Atherinops affinis, during a survey of parasites of estuarine fishes in the Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve, California. Fish collected on 3 dates in 2012 and 2013 were sectioned and examined histologically. Large extrasporogonic stages occurred in the renal interstitium of several fish from the first 2 collections (5/8, 11/20, respectively) and, in some fish, these replaced over 80% of the kidney. In addition, presporogonic and polysporogonic stages occurred in the lumen of the renal tubules, collecting ducts, and mesonephric ducts. The latter contained subspherical spores with up to 4 polar capsules, consistent with the genus Chloromyxum. For the third collection (15 May 2013, n = 30), we portioned kidneys for examination by histology, wet mount, and DNA extraction for small subunit ribosomal (SSU rDNA) gene sequencing. Histology showed the large extrasporogonic forms in the kidney interstitium of 3 fish and showed 2 other fish with subspherical myxospores in the lumen of the renal tubules with smooth valves and 2 spherical polar capsules consistent with the genus Sphaerospora. Chloromyxum-type myxospores were observed in the renal tubules of 1 fish by wet mount. Sequencing of the kidney tissue from this fish yielded a partial SSU rDNA sequence of 1,769 base pairs (bp). Phylogenetic reconstruction suggested this organism to be a novel species of Chloromyxum, most similar to Chloromyxum careni (84% similarity). In addition, subspherical myxospores with smooth valves and 2 spherical polar capsules consistent with the genus Sphaerospora were observed in wet mounts of 2 fish. Sequencing of the kidney tissue from 1 fish yielded a partial SSU rDNA sequence of 1,937 bp. Phylogenetic reconstruction suggests this organism to be a novel species of Sphaerospora most closely related to Sphaerospora epinepheli (93%). We conclude that these organisms represent novel species of the genera Chloromyxum and Sphaerospora based on host, location, and SSU rDNA sequence. We further conclude that the formation of large, histozoic extrasporogonic stages in the renal interstitium represents developmental stages of Chloromyxum species for the following reasons: (1) Large extrasporogonic stages were only observed in fish with Chloromyxum-type spores developing within the renal tubules, (2) a DNA sequence consistent with the Chloromyxum sp. was only detected in fish with the large extrasporogonic stages, and (3) several Sphaerospora species have extrasporogonic forms, but they are considerably smaller and are composed of far fewer cells.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/15-726","usgsCitation":"Sanders, J.L., Jaramillo, A.G., Ashford, J.E., Feist, S.W., Lafferty, K.D., and Kent, M., 2015, Two myxozoans from the urinary tract of topsmelt, Atherinops affinis: Journal of Parasitology, v. 101, no. 5, p. 577-586, https://doi.org/10.1645/15-726.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"586","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-02-06","temporalEnd":"2013-05-15","ipdsId":"IP-066115","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Carpinteria Salt Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.53593652165601,\n 34.39627976048814\n ],\n [\n -119.5278788703308,\n 34.39699212593192\n ],\n [\n -119.52615223076108,\n 34.400672584126326\n ],\n [\n -119.53737538796416,\n 34.40548068078242\n ],\n [\n -119.54651218902019,\n 34.405658753129956\n ],\n [\n -119.54233947672694,\n 34.401147470167274\n ],\n [\n -119.53787899117185,\n 34.3971702163454\n ],\n [\n -119.53593652165601,\n 34.39627976048814\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564466a8e4b0aafbcd01854d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanders, Justin L.","contributorId":149799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaramillo, Alejandra G.","contributorId":149800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaramillo","given":"Alejandra","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashford, Jacob E.","contributorId":149801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashford","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feist, Stephen W.","contributorId":149802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feist","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17829,"text":"Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kent, Michael L.","contributorId":108420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159596,"text":"70159596 - 2015 - Lava lake level as a gauge of magma reservoir pressure and eruptive hazard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-11T10:42:05","indexId":"70159596","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-11T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lava lake level as a gauge of magma reservoir pressure and eruptive hazard","docAbstract":"Forecasting volcanic activity relies fundamentally on tracking magma pressure through the use of proxies, such as ground surface deformation and earthquake rates. Lava lakes at open-vent basaltic volcanoes provide a window into the uppermost magma system for gauging reservoir pressure changes more directly. At Kīlauea Volcano (Hawaiʻi, USA) the surface height of the summit lava lake in Halemaʻumaʻu Crater fluctuates with surface deformation over short (hours to days) and long (weeks to months) time scales. This correlation implies that the lake behaves as a simple piezometer of the subsurface magma reservoir. Changes in lava level and summit deformation scale with (and shortly precede) changes in eruption rate from Kīlauea's East Rift Zone, indicating that summit lava level can be used for short-term forecasting of rift zone activity and associated hazards at Kīlauea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G36896.1","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Anderson, K.R., Poland, M., Orr, T., and Swanson, D., 2015, Lava lake level as a gauge of magma reservoir pressure and eruptive hazard: Geology, v. 43, no. 9, p. 831-834, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36896.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"834","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063784","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.2141571044922,\n 19.254756553409987\n ],\n [\n -155.2141571044922,\n 19.419325579756944\n ],\n [\n -154.96421813964844,\n 19.419325579756944\n ],\n [\n -154.96421813964844,\n 19.254756553409987\n ],\n [\n -155.2141571044922,\n 19.254756553409987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564466a7e4b0aafbcd01854b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Kyle R. 0000-0001-8041-3996 kranderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-3996","contributorId":3522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kyle","email":"kranderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","email":"torr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. donswan@usgs.gov","contributorId":149804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188876,"text":"70188876 - 2015 - Limiting age for the Provo shoreline of Lake Bonneville","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T10:00:55","indexId":"70188876","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limiting age for the Provo shoreline of Lake Bonneville","docAbstract":"Pluvial Lake Bonneville features a prominent shoreline at the Provo level, which has been interpreted as having formed during a period of threshold-stabilized overflow. The timing of Provo shoreline development is important for paleoclimate interpretations and for inferences on geomorphic process rates. Estimates for the timing of the shoreline formation, based on radiocarbon measurements from gastropod shells, are from approximately 18 to 15 cal ka. One key radiocarbon age on plant fragments from Swan Lake, which formed in the threshold spillway after overflow ceased, has been taken as a young limiting age. The conventional age of 12090 ± 300 14C when calibrated at 2σ has large uncertainty (13375–15103 cal BP). We report six new AMS radiocarbon ages recovered from new Swan Lake sediment cores. A twig near the base of lacustrine muds was dated at 11,615 ± 40 14C yr (13,350 to 13,560 cal BP). Age determinations on roots in that interval and deeper in the core are somewhat younger. These ages limit the last overflow of the Provo stand to earlier than ∼13.5 cal ka BP, consistent with the younger bound of the imprecise age reported by Bright. If conservative interpretations of sedimentation rates for the thick well-sorted sand interval below the lacustrine muds are correct and landscape change that resulted in damming of Swan Lake is accounted for, cessation of flow probably occurred before ∼14.5 cal ka BP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.001","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Wahl, D.B., McGeehin, J., Rosario, J.J., Oviatt, C.G., Anderson, L., and Presnetsova, L., 2015, Limiting age for the Provo shoreline of Lake Bonneville: Quaternary International, v. 387, p. 99-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.001.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"99","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-057921","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Lake Bonneville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.53247070312499,\n 40.02340800226773\n ],\n [\n -110.7476806640625,\n 40.02340800226773\n ],\n [\n -110.7476806640625,\n 42.25291778330197\n ],\n [\n -114.53247070312499,\n 42.25291778330197\n ],\n [\n -114.53247070312499,\n 40.02340800226773\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"387","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eaae4b062508e3c7a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wahl, David B. 0000-0002-0451-3554 dwahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3554","contributorId":3433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","email":"dwahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGeehin, John mcgeehin@usgs.gov","contributorId":167455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosario, Jose J. jrosario@usgs.gov","contributorId":5638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosario","given":"Jose","email":"jrosario@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oviatt, Charles G.","contributorId":36580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oviatt","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Lysanna 0000-0001-5650-9744 landerson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-9744","contributorId":5339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lysanna","email":"landerson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Presnetsova, Liubov S. lpresnetsova@usgs.gov","contributorId":5696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presnetsova","given":"Liubov S.","email":"lpresnetsova@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159499,"text":"70159499 - 2015 - Flushing of distal hillslopes as an alternative source of stream dissolved organic carbon in a headwater catchment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-23T13:16:59","indexId":"70159499","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-10T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flushing of distal hillslopes as an alternative source of stream dissolved organic carbon in a headwater catchment","docAbstract":"We investigated potential source areas of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in headwater streams by examining DOC concentrations in lysimeter, shallow well, and stream water samples from a reference catchment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. These observations were then compared to high-frequency temporal variations in fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) at the catchment outlet and the predicted spatial extent of shallow groundwater in soils throughout the catchment. While near-stream soils are generally considered a DOC source in forested catchments, DOC concentrations in near-stream groundwater were low (mean = 2.4 mg/L, standard error = 0.6 mg/L), less than hillslope groundwater farther from the channel (mean = 5.7 mg/L, standard error = 0.4 mg/L). Furthermore, water tables in near-stream soils did not rise into the carbon-rich upper B or O horizons even during events. In contrast, soils below bedrock outcrops near channel heads where lateral soil formation processes dominate had much higher DOC concentrations. Soils immediately downslope of bedrock areas had thick eluvial horizons indicative of leaching of organic materials, Fe, and Al and had similarly high DOC concentrations in groundwater (mean = 14.5 mg/L, standard error = 0.8 mg/L). Flow from bedrock outcrops partially covered by organic soil horizons produced the highest groundwater DOC concentrations (mean = 20.0 mg/L, standard error = 4.6 mg/L) measured in the catchment. Correspondingly, stream water in channel heads sourced in part by shallow soils and bedrock outcrops had the highest stream DOC concentrations measured in the catchment. Variation in FDOM concentrations at the catchment outlet followed water table fluctuations in shallow to bedrock soils near channel heads. We show that shallow hillslope soils receiving runoff from organic matter-covered bedrock outcrops may be a major source of DOC in headwater catchments in forested mountainous regions where catchments have exposed or shallow bedrock near channel heads.
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