Samples from the Lake Anne watershed were collected and analyzed to assess the water quality from December 1997 through January 1999. Lake Anne is a stream impoundment in suburban Northern Virginia and its outflow is a sub-tributary of the Potomac River. Samples of wet deposition (precipitation), lake water, and streamwater that drain into and from Lake Anne were collected and analyzed. Trace-element clean sampling and analysis protocols were followed throughout the project. This report is a compilation of the precipitation, lake-water, and streamwater data collected in the Lake Anne watershed and the associated quality assurance/quality control data. Concentrations of the trace elements arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, strontium, vanadium, and zinc, and of the major inorganic ions, aluminum, bicarbonate, calcium, chloride, hydrogen ion, iron, magnesium, potassium, nitrate, sodium, and sulfate are reported.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00481","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Conko, K.M., Kennedy, M.M., and Rice, K.C., 2000, Water-quality data collected at Lake Anne, Reston, Virginia, 1997-1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-481, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00481.","productDescription":"49 p.","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0481/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0481/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Fairfax","city":"Reston","otherGeospatial":"Lake Anne","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.3337721824646,\n 38.963947050281696\n ],\n [\n -77.33282804489136,\n 38.96556540279207\n ],\n [\n -77.33327865600586,\n 38.965748924969596\n ],\n [\n -77.33527421951294,\n 38.966249437582796\n ],\n [\n -77.33750581741332,\n 38.96633285600784\n ],\n [\n -77.33995199203491,\n 38.96713366789038\n ],\n [\n -77.3403811454773,\n 38.968785313806805\n ],\n [\n -77.34123945236206,\n 38.96858511635288\n ],\n [\n -77.3412823677063,\n 38.96748402024227\n ],\n [\n -77.34304189682007,\n 38.96786773749657\n ],\n [\n -77.34317064285278,\n 38.96730050255978\n ],\n [\n -77.34100341796875,\n 38.96648300892541\n ],\n [\n -77.34106779098511,\n 38.9656988735138\n ],\n [\n -77.33827829360962,\n 38.96436415498044\n ],\n [\n -77.3361325263977,\n 38.96349657444878\n ],\n [\n -77.3337721824646,\n 38.963947050281696\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e62f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conko, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-6361-4921 kmconko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":2930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmconko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":188838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Margaret M.","contributorId":178170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31189,"text":"ofr00474 - 2000 - Petrology of arkosic sandstones, Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation and Pennsylvanian and Permian Sangre de Cristo Formation, Sangre de Cristo Range, Colorado - data and preliminary interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T11:08:11","indexId":"ofr00474","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-474","title":"Petrology of arkosic sandstones, Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation and Pennsylvanian and Permian Sangre de Cristo Formation, Sangre de Cristo Range, Colorado - data and preliminary interpretations","docAbstract":"This report describes the mineral and chemical composition of immature, arkosic sandstones of the Pennsylvanian Minturn and Pennsylvanian and Permian Sangre de Cristo Formations, which were derived from the Ancestral Rocky Mountains. Located in the Sangre de Cristo Range of southern Colorado, the Minturn and Sangre de Cristo Formations contain some of the most immature, sodic arkoses shed from the Ancestral Rocky Mountains. The Minturn Formation was deposited as fan deltas in marine and alluvial environments; the Sangre de Cristo Formation was deposited as alluvial fans.\r\n\r\nArkoses of the Minturn and Sangre de Cristo Formations are matrix-rich and thus may be properly considered arkosic wackes in the terminology of Gilbert (Williams and others, 1954). In general, potassium feldspar and plagioclase are subequal in abundance. Arkose of the Sangre de Cristo Formation is consistently plagioclase-rich; arkose from the Minturn Formation is more variable. Quartz and feldspar grains are accompanied by a few percent rock fragments, consisting mostly of intermediate to granitic plutonic rocks, gneiss, and schist. All of the rock fragments seen in sandstone are present in interbedded conglomerate, consistent with derivation from a Precambrian terrane of gneiss and plutonic rocks much like that exposed in the present Sangre de Cristo Range.\r\n\r\nComparison of mineral and major oxide abundances reveals a strong association of detrital quartz with SiO2, all other detrital minerals (totaled) with Al2O3, potassium feldspar plus mica with K2O, and plagioclase with Na2O. Thus, major oxide content is a good predictor of detrital mineralogy, although contributions from matrix and cement make these relationships less than perfect.\r\n\r\nDetrital minerals and major oxides tend to form inverse relationships that reflect mixtures of varying quantities of minerals; when one mineral is abundant, the abundance of others declines by dilution. In arkose of the Minturn and Sangre de Cristo Formations, the abundance of quartz (and SiO2) is enhanced by weathering and transport, which destroys feldspar and rock fragments. Weathering also preferentially destroys plagioclase (and removes Na2O) over potassium feldspar. Thus, as fresh sodic arkose detritus is weathered and transported in the fluvial environment, it becomes potassic and quartz-rich. Stratigraphic profiles of mineral and major oxide abundance reveal that weathering and transport, including reworking by marine currents, was most effective in reducing plagioclase and enhancing quartz content of arkosic sediment in the Minturn Formation near Marble Mountain. In general, the quartz-poor, sodic arkoses of the Sangre de Cristo Formation indicate little weathering in the source area or during transport.\r\n\r\nIron-titanium oxides and other heavy minerals, notably zircon and sphene, tend to be most abundant in the Sangre de Cristo Formation. Although concentrated locally as fluvial placers, the overall abundance of heavy minerals probably reflects lack of weathering and proximity to source.\r\n\r\nThe degree of weathering and destruction of unstable grains (feldspar and rock fragments) in the Minturn and Sangre de Cristo Formations of the Sangre de Cristo Range was dependent on rates of uplift and erosion as much as climate (wet versus dry). Reworking by marine currents further reduced the proportion of unstable grains during Minturn time. Sodic (plagioclase-rich), quartz-poor arkose in the coarse, conglomeratic Sangre de Cristo Formation is the product of rapid uplift and erosion.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00474","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., 2000, Petrology of arkosic sandstones, Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation and Pennsylvanian and Permian Sangre de Cristo Formation, Sangre de Cristo Range, Colorado - data and preliminary interpretations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-474, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00474.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2702,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0474/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a92e4b07f02db6576de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, D. A.","contributorId":49814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29507,"text":"wri004133 - 2000 - Water-resources-related information for the St. Croix Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T20:23:05.885937","indexId":"wri004133","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4133","title":"Water-resources-related information for the St. Croix Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The St. Croix Chippewa Tribe is interested in documenting water-quality conditions in lakes and streams adjacent to their Reservation lands in northwestern Wisconsin and developing management plans to protect these water resources. This report provides the Tribe with a retrospective summary and analysis of available water-resources-related information for their Reservation and vicinity. The study area is divided into four main watersheds: Big Round Lake, Clam River at Clam Lake Outlet, Yellow River at Danbury, and Loon Creek at Danbury. The Clam River Watershed includes the subwatersheds of Bashaw and Sand Lakes. The Yellow River Watershed includes the subwatersheds of Big Sand and Gaslyn Lakes.
\nIn all, 41 surface-water studies or reports that include information relevant to the study area were identified. Most of the surface-water studies were regional or statewide summaries. Fifteen of these studies include lake information and 36 include stream information. Twenty-eight of the studies include water-quality data and 16 include information describing aquatic biology.
\nWater- and sediment-quality data were obtained for 80 lakes and 23 streams in the study area. Lake information includes data for 101 water-quality characteristics from nearly 4,300 water and sediment analyses of samples collected between 1972 and 1998. Stream information summarized in this report includes data for 135 water-quality characteristics and nearly 4,500 water and sediment analyses of samples collected at 23 sites between 1964 and 1999.
\nA total of 41 ground-water studies or reports that include information relevant to the study area were identified. Most of the ground-water studies were regional or statewide summaries. Of the 41 studies, 33 include water-quality information, 9 include information regarding water use, and 23 provide descriptions of geology and aquifer characteristics relevant to the study area.
\nWater-quality information for 773 wells was compiled. Most of the sampled wells were used for drinking water, and most of the drinking-water wells represent domestic supplies. Water-quality data summarized in this report represent 270 characteristics and more than 10,300 analyses of samples collected from drinking-water wells between 1911 and 1999; however, most of the water-quality data were collected after about 1990.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004133","usgsCitation":"Saad, D.A., and Robertson, D.M., 2000, Water-resources-related information for the St. Croix Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4133, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004133.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420984,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33548.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2499,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://permanent.fdlp.gov/lps24817/WRIR-00-4133.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4133.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Barron County, Burnett County, Polk County, Washburn County","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.56805419921875,\n 45.41773242370463\n ],\n [\n -92.56805419921875,\n 46.075136001950504\n ],\n [\n -91.65756225585936,\n 46.075136001950504\n ],\n [\n -91.65756225585936,\n 45.41773242370463\n ],\n [\n -92.56805419921875,\n 45.41773242370463\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47dae4b07f02db4b5eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22725,"text":"ofr00472 - 2000 - Transport of suspended and bedload sediment at eight stations in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-25T21:45:08","indexId":"ofr00472","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-472","title":"Transport of suspended and bedload sediment at eight stations in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency within the Spokane River Basin of northern Idaho and eastern Washington included extensive data-collection activities to determine the nature and extent of trace-element contamination within the basin. As part of the investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey designed and implemented a sampling program to assess sediment transport in the Coeur d’Alene River Basin. Suspended and bedload sediments were sampled at four stations at or near base flow and at eight stations during low, moderate, and high discharge conditions between February 1999 and April 2000.\nThe concentrations and loads of suspended and bedload sediment at all stations were directly related to stream discharge. To quantify these relationships, a power function was used to develop sediment-transport curves at all stations. Although the transport curves for most of the stations indicate a good log-log relationship between stream discharge and suspended- and bedload-sediment discharge, there was a fair amount of scatter about the best-fit regression at most stations. For suspended-sediment discharge, the scatter can be primarily attributed to a hysteresis effect in the concentration of suspended sediment as stream discharge rises and falls. The effects of hysteresis on bedload-sediment discharge were difficult to assess because of a paucity of samples collected over the stream hydrograph.\nAt most of the stations, and at the stream discharges sampled, the transport characteristics for fine- and sand-sized suspended sediment were similar. However, at the two main-stem Coeur d’Alene River stations, Rose Lake and Harrison, the suspended-sediment load was primarily composed of fine-grained sediment at stream discharges of less than 15,000 cubic feet per second. These two stations are characterized by relatively slow water velocities, which appear to be insufficient to transport sand-sized sediment at lower stream discharge.\nAt most of the stations, and at the stream discharges sampled, the bedload was primarily composed of material greater than 2 millimeters in diameter, the break between sand and gravel. A predominance of sand-sized bedload was noted at only a few stations, and generally only during low stream discharge. The particle-size distribution of bedload sediment at most stations became proportionately coarser as stream discharge increased. During the peak of snowmelt runoff for water years 1999 and 2000, gravel-sized material between 2 and 64 millimeters in diameter comprised more than 70 percent of the bedload transport at most stations. However, at the station on the Coeur d’Alene River at Rose Lake, the bedload was predominantly composed of fine-grained material of less than 1 millimeter in diameter for all measured stream discharges. The slow water velocities at Rose Lake accounted for the predominance of fine-grained sediment transport.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00472","isbn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., and Woods, P.F., 2000, Transport of suspended and bedload sediment at eight stations in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-472, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00472.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262314,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0472/report.pdf"},{"id":262315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0472/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Harrison","otherGeospatial":"Rose Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.9914,47.0794 ], [ -116.9914,47.9947 ], [ -115.493,47.9947 ], [ -115.493,47.0794 ], [ -116.9914,47.0794 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626b8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Greg M.","contributorId":75185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24806,"text":"ofr2000496 - 2000 - Thermal maturity patterns (CAI and %Ro) in the Ordovician and Devonian rocks of the Appalachian basin in New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-30T19:24:59.448661","indexId":"ofr2000496","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-496","displayTitle":"Thermal maturity patterns (CAI and %Ro) in the Ordovician and Devonian rocks of the Appalachian basin in New York State","title":"Thermal maturity patterns (CAI and %Ro) in the Ordovician and Devonian rocks of the Appalachian basin in New York State","docAbstract":"The objective of this study is to enhance existing thermal maturity maps in New York State by establishing: 1) new subsurface CAI data points for the Ordovician and Devonian and 2) new %Ro and Rock Eval subsurface data points for Middle and Upper Devonian black shale units. The thermal maturity of the Ordovician and Devonian rocks is of major interest because they contain the source for most of the unconventional natural gas resources in the basin. Thermal maturity patterns of the Middle Ordovician Trenton Group are evaluated here because they closely approximate those of the overlying Ordovician Utica Shale that is believed to be the source rock for the regional oil and gas accumulation in Lower Silurian sandstones (Jenden and others, 1993; Ryder and others, 1998). Improved CAI-based thermal maturity maps of the Ordovician are important to identify areas of optimum gas generation from the Utica Shale and to provide constraints for interpreting the origin of oil and gas in the Lower Silurian regional accumulation, in particular, its basin-centered part (Ryder, 1998). Thermal maturity maps of the Devonian will better constrain burial history-petroleum generation models of the Utica Shale, as well as place limitations on the origin of regional oil and gas accumulation in Upper Devonian sandstone and Middle to Upper Devonian black shale.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000496","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Weary, D.J., Ryder, R., and Nyahay, R., 2000, Thermal maturity patterns (CAI and %Ro) in the Ordovician and Devonian rocks of the Appalachian basin in New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-496, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000496.","productDescription":"39 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":9153,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-496/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392252,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34515.htm"},{"id":53819,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0496/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0496/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.749,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -79.749,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -79.749,\n 41 ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nyahay, Richard","contributorId":41035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyahay","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24828,"text":"ofr00484 - 2000 - Preliminary estimate of the amplification of possible earthquake ground motion at a site in Charleston County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr00484","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-484","title":"Preliminary estimate of the amplification of possible earthquake ground motion at a site in Charleston County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"We estimate site amplification at the location of a proposed bridge near Charleston, South\r\nCarolina. Model calculations indicate that amplification at periods of 1 s and longer is likely to be\r\nstrongly influenced by the effects of a large contrast in shear-wave velocity at a depth of\r\napproximately 1 km (3,000 ft). On-site borehole data, regional geological and geophysical\r\ninformation, and data from a geologically similar setting near Memphis, Tennessee allowed us to\r\nestimate profiles of shear-wave velocity, shear-wave attenuation, and density from ground level\r\ndown to metamorphic and igneous rocks that are approximately 3 km (9,500 ft) beneath the site.\r\nWe modeled amplifications that would be produced at the surface and at the top and bottom of\r\nthe Cooper Marl. Amplification estimates that are based only on the shallow shear-wave\r\nstructure, for example in the upper 100 m (300 ft), can severely underestimate long-period\r\namplification at the site. Additional modeling could help determine whether new data should be\r\ncollected, to resolve remaining uncertainties about likely amplification.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00484","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., and Cramer, C.H., 2000, Preliminary estimate of the amplification of possible earthquake ground motion at a site in Charleston County, South Carolina (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-484, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00484.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1847,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0484/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cramer, Chris H.","contributorId":32196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23947,"text":"ofr00485 - 2000 - Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:09:25","indexId":"ofr00485","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-485","title":"Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"An aquifer test conducted in a sand and gravel, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts was analyzed by means of a model for flow to a partially penetrating well in a homogeneous, anisotropic unconfined aquifer. The model is designed to account for all significant mechanisms expected to influence drawdown in observation piezometers and in the pumped well. In addition to the usual fluid-flow and storage processes, additional processes include effects of storage in the pumped well, storage in observation piezometers, effects of skin at the pumped-well screen, and effects of drainage from the zone above the water table. The aquifer was pumped at a rate of 320 gallons per minute for 72-hours and drawdown measurements were made in the pumped well and in 20 piezometers located at various distances from the pumped well and depths below the land surface. To facilitate the analysis, an automatic parameter estimation algorithm was used to obtain relevant unconfined aquifer parameters, including the saturated thickness and a set of empirical parameters that relate to gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone. \rDrainage from the unsaturated zone is treated in this paper as a finite series of exponential terms, each of which contains one empirical parameter that is to be determined. It was necessary to account for effects of gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone to obtain satisfactory agreement between measured and simulated drawdown, particularly in piezometers located near the water table. The commonly used assumption of instantaneous drainage from the unsaturated zone gives rise to large discrepancies between measured and predicted drawdown in the intermediate-time range and can result in inaccurate estimates of aquifer parameters when automatic parameter estimation procedures are used. \rThe values of the estimated hydraulic parameters are consistent with estimates from prior studies and from what is known about the aquifer at the site. Effects of heterogeneity at the site were small as measured drawdowns in all piezometers and wells were very close to the simulated values for a homogeneous porous medium. The estimated values are: specific yield, 0.26; saturated thickness, 170 feet; horizontal hydraulic conductivity, 0.23 feet per minute; vertical hydraulic conductivity, 0.14 feet per minute; and specific storage, 1.3x10-5 per foot. \rIt was found that drawdown in only a few piezometers strategically located at depth near the pumped well yielded parameter estimates close to the estimates obtained for the entire data set analyzed simultaneously. If the influence of gradual drainage from the unsaturated zone is not taken into account, specific yield is significantly underestimated even in these deep-seated piezometers. This helps to explain the low values of specific yield often reported for granular aquifers in the literature. If either the entire data set or only the drawdown in selected deep-seated piezometers was used, it was found unnecessary to conduct the test for the full 72-hours to obtain accurate estimates of the hydraulic parameters. For some piezometer groups, practically identical results would be obtained for an aquifer test conducted for only 8-hours. Drawdowns measured in the pumped well and piezometers at distant locations were diagnostic only of aquifer transmissivity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00485","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., Garabedian, S.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2000, Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-485, 132 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00485.","productDescription":"132 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1651,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr00-485/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -69.873046875,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -69.873046875,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb291","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":40698,"text":"ofr99554C - 2000 - Digital isostatic gravity map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T18:57:08.360077","indexId":"ofr99554C","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-554","chapter":"C","title":"Digital isostatic gravity map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"An isostatic gravity map of the Nevada Test Site area was prepared from publicly\r\navailable gravity data (Ponce, 1997) and from gravity data recently collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (Mankinen and others, 1999; Morin and Blakely, 1999). Gravity data were processed using standard gravity data reduction techniques. Southwest Nevada is characterized by gravity anomalies that reflect the distribution of pre-Cenozoic carbonate rocks, thick sequences of volcanic rocks, and thick alluvial basins. In addition, regional gravity data reveal the presence of linear features that reflect large-scale faults whereas detailed gravity data can indicate the presence of smaller-scale faults.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99554C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., Mankinen, E., Davidson, J.G., Morin, R.L., and Blakely, R., 2000, Digital isostatic gravity map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California (Online Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-554, Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 45.30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99554C.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 45.30 inches","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":171338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0554/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110074,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25973.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25973"}],"scale":"20000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Clark County, Inyo County, Lincoln County, Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -115.875,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -115.875,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankinen, E. A. 0000-0001-7496-2681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":31786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davidson, J. G.","contributorId":11243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morin, R. L.","contributorId":95484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":58486,"text":"mf2335 - 2000 - Map of Distribution of Bottom Sediments on the Continental Shelf, Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:11","indexId":"mf2335","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2335","title":"Map of Distribution of Bottom Sediments on the Continental Shelf, Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey has a long history of exploring marine geology in the Gulf of Alaska. As part of a cooperative program with other federal and state agencies, the USGS is investigating the relations between ocean-floor geology and benthic marine biohabitats. This bottom sediment map, compiled from published literature will help marine biologists develop an understanding of sea-floor geology in relation to various biological habitats.\r\n\r\nThe pattern of sea-floor sedimentation and bottom morphology in the Gulf of Alaska reflects a complex interplay of regional tectonism, glacial advances and retreats, oceanic and tidal currents, waves, storms, eustatic change, and gravity-driven processes. This map, based on numerous cruises during the period of 1970-1996, shows distribution of bottom sediments in areas of study on the continental shelf. The samples were collected with piston, box, and gravity corers, and grab samplers. The interpretations of sediment distribution are the products of sediment size analyses combined with interpretations of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles.\r\n\r\nThe sea floor was separated into several areas as follows: \r\nCook Inlet -- Hazards studies in this embayment emphasized sediment distribution, sediment dynamics, bedforms, shallow faults, and seafloor stability. Migrating mega-sandwaves, driven by strong tidal currents, influence seabed habitats and stability of the seafloor, especially near pipelines and drilling platforms. The coarseness of the bottom sediment reinforces the influence of the strong tidal currents on the seafloor habitats.\r\n\r\nKodiak Shelf -- Tectonic framework studies demonstrate the development of an accretionary wedge as the Pacific Plate underthrusts the Alaskan landmass. Seismic data across the accretionary wedge reveal anomalies indicative of fluid/gas vent sites in this segment of the continental margin. Geologic hazards research shows that movement along numerous shallow faults poses a risk to sea floor structures. Sea-floor sediment on shallow banks is eroded by seasonal wave-generated currents. The winnowing action of the large storm waves results in concentrations of gravel over broad segments of the Kodiak shelf.\r\n\r\nNortheastern Gulf of Alaska -- Tectonic framework studies demonstrate that rocks of distant origin (Yakutat terrane) are currently attached to and moving with the Pacific Plate, as it collides with and is subducted beneath southern Alaska. This collision process has led to pronounced structural deformation of the continental margin and adjacent southern Alaska. Consequences include rapidly rising mountains and high fluvial and glacial sedimentation rates on the adjacent margin and ocean floor. The northeastern Gulf of Alaska shelf also has concentrations of winnowed (lag) gravel on Tarr Bank and on the outer shelf southeast of Yakutat Bay. Between Kayak Island and Yakutat Bay the outer shelf consists of pebbly mud (diamict). This diamict is a product of glacial marine sedimentation during the Pleistocene and is present today as a relict sediment. A prograding wedge of Holocene sediment consisting of nearshore sand grading seaward into clayey silt and silty clay covers the relict pebbly mud to mid-shelf and beyond. Shelf and slope channel systems transport glacially derived sediment across the continental margin into Surveyor Channel, an abyssal fan and channel system that reaches over 1,000 km to the Aleutian Trench.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/mf2335","isbn":"0607938544","usgsCitation":"Evans, K.R., Carlson, P.R., Hampton, M.A., Marlow, M.S., and Barnes, P.W., 2000, Map of Distribution of Bottom Sediments on the Continental Shelf, Gulf of Alaska (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2335, Map: 49 x 35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2335.","productDescription":"Map: 49 x 35 inches","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110061,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25592.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25592"},{"id":9531,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2000/2335/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155,55 ], [ -155,61 ], [ -14,61 ], [ -14,55 ], [ -155,55 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6556f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Kevin R.","contributorId":35724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hampton, Monty A. mhampton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Monty","email":"mhampton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":259432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marlow, Michael S.","contributorId":72775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnes, Peter W.","contributorId":6042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}