{"pageNumber":"1145","pageRowStart":"28600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40871,"records":[{"id":70024113,"text":"70024113 - 2002 - Characterization and modeling of illite crystal particles and growth mechanisms in a zoned hydrothermal deposit, Lake City, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T12:07:17.521519","indexId":"70024113","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and modeling of illite crystal particles and growth mechanisms in a zoned hydrothermal deposit, Lake City, Colorado","docAbstract":"Mean thickness measurements and crystal-thickness distributions (CTDs) of illite particles vary systematically with changes in hydrothermal alteration type, fracture density, and attendant mineralization in a large acid-sulfate/Mo-porphyry hydrothermal system at Red Mountain, near Lake City, Colorado. The hydrothermal illites characterize an extensive zone of quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration beneath two deeply rooted bodies of magmatic-related, quartz-alunite altered rock. Nineteen illites from a 3000 ft vertical drill hole were analyzed by XRD using the PVP-10 intercalation method and the computer program MudMaster (Bertaut-Warren-Averbach technique). Mean crystallite thicknesses, as determined from 001 reflections, range from 5-7 nanometers (nm) at depths from 0-1700 ft, then sharply increase to 10-16 nm at depths between 1800-2100 ft, and decrease again to 4-5 nm below this level. The interval of largest particle thickness correlates strongly with the zone of most intense quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration (QSP) and attendant high-density stockwork fracturing, and with the highest concentrations of Mo within the drill core. CTD shapes for the illite particles fall into two main categories: asymptotic and lognormal. The shapes of the CTDs are dependent on conditions of illite formation. The asymptotic CTDs correspond to a nucleation and growth mechanism, whereas surface-controlled growth was the dominant mechanism for the lognormal CTDs. Lognormal CTDs coincide with major through-going fractures or stockwork zones, whereas asymptotic CTDs are present in wallrock distal to these intense fracture zones. The increase in illite particle size and the associated zone of intense QSP alteration and stockwork veining was related by proximity to the dacitic magma(s), which supplied both reactants and heat to the hydrothermal system. However, no changes in illite polytype, which in other studies reflect temperature transitions, were observed within this interval.","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am-2002-11-1204","usgsCitation":"Bove, D.J., Eberl, D.D., McCarty, D., and Meeker, G., 2002, Characterization and modeling of illite crystal particles and growth mechanisms in a zoned hydrothermal deposit, Lake City, Colorado: American Mineralogist, v. 87, no. 11-12, p. 1546-1556, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-11-1204.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1556","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Lake City","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.40234375,\n              37.896530447543\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.17163085937499,\n              37.896530447543\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.17163085937499,\n              38.052416771864834\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.40234375,\n              38.052416771864834\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.40234375,\n              37.896530447543\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4afe4b0c8380cd4be6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bove, D. J.","contributorId":70767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarty, D.K.","contributorId":105066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024108,"text":"70024108 - 2002 - A simulation study of factors controlling white sturgeon recruitment in the Snake River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024108","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation study of factors controlling white sturgeon recruitment in the Snake River","docAbstract":"Five of the nine populations of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus, located between dams on the Middle Snake River, have declined from historical levels and are now at risk of extinction. One step towards more effectively protecting and managing these nine populations is ranking factors that influence recruitment in each of these river segments. We developed a model to suggest which of seven mechanistic factors contribute most to lost recruitment in each river segment: (1) temperature-related mortality during incubation, (2) flow-related mortality during incubation, (3) downstream export of larvae, (4) limitation of juvenile and adult habitat, (5) mortality of all ages during summer episodes of poor water quality in reservoirs, (6) entrainment mortality of juveniles and adults, and (7) angling mortality. We simulated recruitment with, and without, each of the seven factors, over a typical series of hydrologic years. We found a hierarchical pattern of limitation. In the first tier, river segments with severe water quality problems grouped together. Poor water quality during summer had a strong negative effect on recruitment in the river segments between Swan Falls Dam and Hell's Canyon Dam. In the second tier, river segments with better water quality divided into short river segments and longer river segments. Populations in short river segments were limited by larval export. Populations in longer river segments tended to be less strongly limited by any one factor. We also found that downstream effects could be important, suggesting that linked populations cannot be viewed in isolation. In two cases, the effects of a factor on an upstream population had a significant influence on its downstream neighbors. ?? 2002 by the American Fisheries Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Jager, H., Van Winkle, W., Chandler, J., Lepla, K., Bates, P., and Counihan, T., 2002, A simulation study of factors controlling white sturgeon recruitment in the Snake River: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2002, no. 28, p. 127-150.","startPage":"127","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2002","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e597e4b0c8380cd46e5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jager, H.I.","contributorId":99734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jager","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Winkle, W.","contributorId":87876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Winkle","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandler, James Angus","contributorId":57240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"James Angus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lepla, K.B.","contributorId":8643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lepla","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bates, P.","contributorId":44702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024096,"text":"70024096 - 2002 - Predictive evaluation of size restrictions as management strategies for tennessee reservoir crappie fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024096","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive evaluation of size restrictions as management strategies for tennessee reservoir crappie fisheries","docAbstract":"We evaluated the potential effect of minimum size restrictions on crappies Pomoxis spp. in 12 large Tennessee reservoirs. A Beverton-Holt equilibrium yield model was used to predict and compare the response of these fisheries to three minimum size restrictions: 178 mm (i.e., pragmatically, no size limit), 229 mm, and the current statewide limit of 254 mm. The responses of crappie fisheries to size limits differed among reservoirs and varied with rates of conditional natural mortality (CM). Based on model results, crappie fisheries fell into one of three response categories: (1) In some reservoirs (N = 5), 254-mm and 229-mm limits would benefit the fishery in terms of yield if CM were low (30%); the associated declines in the number of crappies harvested would be significant but modest when compared with those in other reservoirs. (2) In other reservoirs (N = 6), little difference in yield existed among size restrictions at low to intermediate rates of CM (30-40%). In these reservoirs, a 229-mm limit was predicted to be a more beneficial regulation than the current 254-mm limit. (3) In the remaining reservoir, Tellico, size limits negatively affected all three harvest statistics. Generally, yield was negatively affected by size limits in all populations at a CM of 50%. The number of crappies reaching 300 mm was increased by size limits in most model scenarios: however, associated declines in the total number of crappies harvested often outweighed the benefits to size structure when CM was 40% or higher. When crappie growth was fast (reaching 254 mm in less than 3 years) and CM was low (30%), size limits were most effective in balancing increases in yield and size structure against declines in the total number of crappies harvested. The variability in predicted size-limit responses observed among Tennessee reservoirs suggests that using a categorical approach to applying size limits to crappie fisheries within a state or region would likely be a more effective management strategy than implementing a single, areawide regulation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1349:PEOSRA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Isermann, D., Sammons, S., Bettoli, P., and Churchill, T., 2002, Predictive evaluation of size restrictions as management strategies for tennessee reservoir crappie fisheries: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1349-1357, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1349:PEOSRA>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1349","endPage":"1357","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1349:PEOSRA>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81ffe4b0c8380cd7b83e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isermann, D.A.","contributorId":33480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isermann","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sammons, S.M.","contributorId":88513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammons","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettoli, P.W.","contributorId":80606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Churchill, T.N.","contributorId":12233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churchill","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024093,"text":"70024093 - 2002 - Episodic thermal perturbations associated with groundwater flow: An example from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:10:44.856798","indexId":"70024093","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic thermal perturbations associated with groundwater flow: An example from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Temperature measurements in deep drill holes on volcano summits or upper flanks allow a quantitative analysis of groundwater induced heat transport within the edifice. We present a new temperature-depth profile from a deep well on the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, and analyze it in conjunction with a temperature profile measured 26 years earlier. We propose two groundwater flow models to interpret the complex temperature profiles. The first is a modified confined lateral flow model (CLFM) with a continuous flux of hydrothermal fluid. In the second, transient flow model (TFM), slow conductive cooling follows a brief, advective heating event. We carry out numerical simulations to examine the timescales associated with each of the models. Results for both models are sensitive to the initial conditions, and with realistic initial conditions it takes between 750 and 1000 simulation years for either model to match the measured temperature profiles. With somewhat hotter initial conditions, results are consistent with onset of a hydrothermal plume ∼550 years ago, coincident with initiation of caldera subsidence. We show that the TFM is consistent with other data from hydrothermal systems and laboratory experiments and perhaps is more appropriate for this highly dynamic environment. The TFM implies that volcano-hydrothermal systems may be dominated by episodic events and that thermal perturbations may persist for several thousand years after hydrothermal flow has ceased.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB001654","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Ingebritsen, S.E., and Sorey, M., 2002, Episodic thermal perturbations associated with groundwater flow: An example from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B11, p. ECV 13-1-ECV 13-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001654.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"ECV 13-1","endPage":"ECV 13-10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb001654","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              19.2528118348149\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.06927490234375,\n              19.2528118348149\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.06927490234375,\n              19.48860213599771\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              19.48860213599771\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              19.2528118348149\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a16e4b0c8380cd521c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024223,"text":"70024223 - 2002 - 15N NMR investigation of the covalent binding of reduced TNT amines to soil humic acid, model compounds, and lignocellulose","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T17:43:02.119829","indexId":"70024223","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"15N NMR investigation of the covalent binding of reduced TNT amines to soil humic acid, model compounds, and lignocellulose","docAbstract":"The five major reductive degradation products of TNT-4ADNT (4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene), 2ADNT (2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene), 2,4DANT (2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene), 2,6DANT (2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene), and TAT (2,4,6-triaminotoluene)-labeled with 15N in the amine positions, were reacted with the IHSS soil humic acid and analyzed by 15N NMR spectrometry. In the absence of catalysts, all five amines underwent nucleophilic addition reactions with quinone and other carbonyl groups in the soil humic acid to form both heterocyclic and nonheterocyclic condensation products. Imine formation via 1,2-addition of the amines to quinone groups in the soil humic acid was significant with the diamines and TAT but not the monoamines. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyzed an increase in the incorporation of all five amines into the humic acid. In the case of the diamines and TAT, HRP also shifted the binding away from heterocyclic condensation product toward imine formation. A comparison of quantitative liquid phase with solid-state CP/MAS 15N NMR indicated that the CP experiment underestimated imine and heterocyclic nitrogens in humic acid, even with contact times optimal for observation of these nitrogens. Covalent binding of the mono- and diamines to 4-methylcatechol, the HRP catalyzed condensation of 4ADNT and 2,4DANT to coniferyl alcohol, and the binding of 2,4DANT to lignocellulose with and without birnessite were also examined.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es011383j","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., and Kennedy, K.R., 2002, 15N NMR investigation of the covalent binding of reduced TNT amines to soil humic acid, model compounds, and lignocellulose: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 17, p. 3787-3796, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011383j.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3787","endPage":"3796","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e227e4b0c8380cd459d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, K. R.","contributorId":66267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024089,"text":"70024089 - 2002 - Rates and patterns of late Cenozoic denudation in the northernmost Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024089","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates and patterns of late Cenozoic denudation in the northernmost Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont","docAbstract":"Topography of a 2800 km2 section of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont is reconstructed at five times from the late Miocene to the Holocene. The reconstructions are based on mapping of fluvial, colluvial, and marginal-marine deposits that are dated by radiocarbon, palynostratigraphy, and correlation to adjacent glacial and marine units. Denudation rates and patterns are calculated by subtracting successive topographies, with 60 m horizontal resolution and 6 m vertical resolution. The overall late Miocene to Holocene denudation rate of 10 m/m.y. is similar to other estimates of long-term denudation in the region. The overall rate resolves spatially into a wide range of local rates, varying from a minimum of ???0.2 m/m.y. on residual uplands to as high as 600 m/m.y. in glacially rerouted stream channels. The distribution of local rates shows that denudation is accomplished by stream incision in response to long-term glacio-eustatic decline, followed by slope retreat into residual uplands from the incised channels. Slope retreat replaces the uplands with pediments and straths. Pediment landforms and sediments, and observation of modern scarps and valley heads, indicate that groundwater seepage from the base of residual uplands is an important mechanism of slope retreat. This process is self-limiting because as the volume of residual upland is reduced, seepage diminishes and slope retreat slows until small residuals undergo little or no further reduction. Thus, relict topography is preserved even as most of the landscape actively erodes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1422:RAPOLC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Stanford, S., Ashley, G., Russell, E., and Brenner, G., 2002, Rates and patterns of late Cenozoic denudation in the northernmost Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 114, no. 11, p. 1422-1437, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1422:RAPOLC>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1422","endPage":"1437","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207095,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1422:RAPOLC>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a953be4b0c8380cd818a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanford, S.D.","contributorId":79932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanford","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, G.M.","contributorId":99313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, E.W.B.","contributorId":26849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"E.W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brenner, G.J.","contributorId":83307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024334,"text":"70024334 - 2002 - Draped aeromagnetic survey in Transantarctic Mountains over the area of the Butcher Ridge igneous complex showing extent of underlying mafic intrusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:51:36.730433","indexId":"70024334","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Draped aeromagnetic survey in Transantarctic Mountains over the area of the Butcher Ridge igneous complex showing extent of underlying mafic intrusion","docAbstract":"<p><span>A draped aeromagnetic survey over the area surrounding the Butcher Ridge igneous complex (BRIC), Transantarctic Mountains, was acquired in 1997–1998 as part of a larger Transantarctic Mountains Aerogeophysical Research Activity survey. The BRIC is a sill-like hypoabyssal intrusion ranging in composition from tholeiitic basalt to rhyolite. An&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age of 174 Ma and the chemical character of the basaltic rocks show the BRIC to be part of the widespread Jurassic Ferrar suite of continental tholeiitic rocks, that extends for 3500 km across Antarctica. The aeromagnetic survey shows a horseshoe-shaped pattern of anomalies reaching amplitudes as great as 1900 nT generally associated with the bedrock topography where it is exposed. It is apparent that the high-amplitude anomaly pattern is more extensive than the 10-km-long exposed outcrop, first crossed by a single 1990 aeromagnetic profile. The highest-amplitude anomalies appear south of the profile acquired in 1990 and extend out of the survey area. The new aeromagnetic data allow determination of the extent of the interpreted Butcher mafic(?) intrusion beneath exposures of Beacon sedimentary rock and ice in the area covered, as well as beneath the small BRIC exposure. The magnetic anomalies show a minimum area of 3000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, a much greater extent than previously inferred. Magnetic models indicate a minimum thickness of ∼1–2 km for a horizontal intrusion. However, nonunique models with magnetic layers decreasing in apparent susceptibility with depth are consistent with of a 4- to 8-km-thick layered intrusion. These magnetic models indicate progressively deeper erosion of the interpreted mafic-layered body from the south to north. The erosion has removed more magnetic upper layers that mask the magnetic effects of the lower less magnetic layers. The probable minimum volume of the intrusion in the area of the survey is ∼6000 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>. An alternate, but less likely, interpretation of a series of dikes can also fit the observed magnetic anomalies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000376","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Damaske, D., Finn, C., Kyle, P., and Wilson, T.J., 2002, Draped aeromagnetic survey in Transantarctic Mountains over the area of the Butcher Ridge igneous complex showing extent of underlying mafic intrusion: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B8, p. EPM 3-1-EPM 3-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000376.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"EPM 3-1","endPage":"EPM 3-10","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000376","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Transantarctic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              154,\n              -80\n            ],\n            [\n              158,\n              -80\n            ],\n            [\n              158,\n              -78\n            ],\n            [\n              154,\n              -78\n            ],\n            [\n              154,\n              -80\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03d6e4b0c8380cd5068f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Damaske, D.","contributorId":66771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damaske","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kyle, P.","contributorId":15763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyle","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, T. J.","contributorId":31942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024072,"text":"70024072 - 2002 - Application of a new model for groundwater age distributions: Modeling and isotopic analysis of artificial recharge in the Rialto-Colton basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70024072","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3258,"text":"Report - University of California Water Resources Center","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a new model for groundwater age distributions: Modeling and isotopic analysis of artificial recharge in the Rialto-Colton basin, California","docAbstract":"A project for modeling and isotopic analysis of artificial recharge in the Rialto-Colton basin aquifer in California, is discussed. The Rialto-Colton aquifer has been divided into four primary and significant flowpaths following the general direction of groundwater flow from NW to SE. The introductory investigation include sophisticated chemical reaction modeling, with highly simplified flow path simulation. A comprehensive reactive transport model with the established set of geochemical reactions over the whole aquifer will also be developed for treating both reactions and transport realistically. This will be completed by making use of HBGC123D implemented with isotopic calculation step to compute Carbon-14 (C14) and stable Carbon-13 (C13) contents of the water. Computed carbon contents will also be calibrated with the measured carbon contents for assessment of the amount of imported recharge into the Linden pond.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Report - University of California Water Resources Center","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05754968","usgsCitation":"Ginn, T., and Woolfenden, L., 2002, Application of a new model for groundwater age distributions: Modeling and isotopic analysis of artificial recharge in the Rialto-Colton basin, California: Report - University of California Water Resources Center, no. 103, p. 15-17.","startPage":"15","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec8fe4b0c8380cd49344","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginn, T.R.","contributorId":58052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginn","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woolfenden, L. 0000-0003-3500-4709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":92015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024070,"text":"70024070 - 2002 - Residual bias in a multiphase flow model calibration and prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024070","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":649,"text":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residual bias in a multiphase flow model calibration and prediction","docAbstract":"When calibrated models produce biased residuals, we assume it is due to an inaccurate conceptual model and revise the model, choosing the most representative model as the one with the best-fit and least biased residuals. However, if the calibration data are biased, we may fail to identify an acceptable model or choose an incorrect model. Conceptual model revision could not eliminate biased residuals during inversion of simulated DNAPL migration under controlled conditions at the Borden Site near Ontario Canada. This paper delineates hypotheses for the source of bias, and explains the evolution of the calibration and resulting model predictions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Czech","issn":"00017132","usgsCitation":"Poeter, E.P., and Johnson, R., 2002, Residual bias in a multiphase flow model calibration and prediction: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, v. 46, no. 2-3, p. 208-212.","startPage":"208","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa982e4b0c8380cd85e2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poeter, E. P.","contributorId":63851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, R.H.","contributorId":7041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024066,"text":"70024066 - 2002 - Deep arid system hydrodynamics 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:45:28","indexId":"70024066","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep arid system hydrodynamics 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"<p><span>Site‐specific numerical modeling of four sites in two arid alluvial basins within the Nevada Test Site employs a conceptual model of deep arid system hydrodynamics that includes vapor transport, the role of xeric vegetation, and long‐term surface boundary transients. Surface boundary sequences, spanning 110 kyr, that best reproduce measured chloride concentration and matric potential profiles from four deep (230–460 m) boreholes concur with independent paleohydrologic and paleoecological records from the region. Simulations constrain a pluvial period associated with infiltration of 2–5 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>at 14–13 ka and denote a shift linked to the establishment of desert vegetation at 13–9.5 ka. Retrodicted moisture flux histories inferred from modeling results differ significantly from those determined using the conventional chloride mass balance approach that assumes only downward advection. The modeling approach developed here represents a significant advance in the use of deep vadose zone profile data from arid regions to recover detailed paleohydrologic and current hydrologic information.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000825","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Tyler, S.W., and Hartsough, P.C., 2002, Deep arid system hydrodynamics 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 27-1-27-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000825.","productDescription":"1291; 12 p.","startPage":"27-1","endPage":"27-12","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe1ce4b0c8380cd4eb1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyler, Scott W.","contributorId":188141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartsough, Peter C.","contributorId":188044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartsough","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024657,"text":"70024657 - 2002 - Strain accumulation and rotation in western Oregon and southwestern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-24T14:05:53.146701","indexId":"70024657","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain accumulation and rotation in western Oregon and southwestern Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Velocities of 75 geodetic monuments in western Oregon and southwestern Washington extending from the coast to more than 300 km inland have been determined from GPS surveys over the interval 1992–2000. The average standard deviation in each of the horizontal velocity components is ∼1 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The observed velocity field is approximated by a combination of rigid rotation (Euler vector relative to interior North America: 43.40°N ± 0.14°, 119.33°W ± 0.28°, and 0.822 ± 0.057° Myr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;clockwise; quoted uncertainties are standard deviations), uniform regional strain rate (ε</span><sub>EE</sub><span>&nbsp;= −7.4 ± 1.8, ε</span><sub>EN</sub><span>&nbsp;= −3.4 ± 1.0, and ε</span><sub>NN</sub><span>&nbsp;= −5.0 ± 0.8 nstrain yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, extension reckoned positive), and a dislocation model representing subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath North America. Subduction south of 44.5°N was represented by a 40‐km‐wide locked thrust and subduction north of 44.5°N by a 75‐km‐wide locked thrust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000625","usgsCitation":"Svarc, J.L., Savage, J., Prescott, W., and Murray, M., 2002, Strain accumulation and rotation in western Oregon and southwestern Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B5, p. ETG 1-1-ETG 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000625.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"ETG 1-1","endPage":"ETG 1-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000625","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.62841796875,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.89501953124999,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.89501953124999,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.62841796875,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.62841796875,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9894e4b08c986b31c0ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, M.H.","contributorId":50171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024062,"text":"70024062 - 2002 - Deep arid system hydrodynamics 1. Equilibrium states and response times in thick desert vadose zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:46:33","indexId":"70024062","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep arid system hydrodynamics 1. Equilibrium states and response times in thick desert vadose zones","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying moisture fluxes through deep desert soils remains difficult because of the small magnitude of the fluxes and the lack of a comprehensive model to describe flow and transport through such dry material. A particular challenge for such a model is reproducing both observed matric potential and chloride profiles. We propose a conceptual model for flow in desert vadose zones that includes isothermal and nonisothermal vapor transport and the role of desert vegetation in supporting a net upward moisture flux below the root zone. Numerical simulations incorporating this conceptual model match typical matric potential and chloride profiles. The modeling approach thereby reconciles the paradox between the recognized importance of plants, upward driving forces, and vapor flow processes in desert vadose zones and the inadequacy of the downward‐only liquid flow assumption of the conventional chloride mass balance approach. Our work shows that water transport in thick desert vadose zones at steady state is usually dominated by upward vapor flow and that long response times, of the order of 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>–10</span><sup>5</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>years, are required to equilibrate to existing arid surface conditions. Simulation results indicate that most thick desert vadose zones have been locked in slow drying transients that began in response to a climate shift and establishment of desert vegetation many thousands of years ago.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000824","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Plummer, M.A., Phillips, F.M., and Wolfsberg, A.V., 2002, Deep arid system hydrodynamics 1. Equilibrium states and response times in thick desert vadose zones: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 44-1-44-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000824.","productDescription":"1308; 15 p.","startPage":"44-1","endPage":"44-15","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe1ce4b0c8380cd4eb1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Mitchell A.","contributorId":127420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plummer","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfsberg, Andrew V.","contributorId":22530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfsberg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024048,"text":"70024048 - 2002 - High-resolution characterization of chemical heterogeneity in an alluvial aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70024048","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution characterization of chemical heterogeneity in an alluvial aquifer","docAbstract":"The high-resolution capabilities of direct push technology were exploited to develop new insights into the hydrochemistry at the margin of an alluvial aquifer. Hydrostratigraphic controls on groundwater flow and contaminant loading were revealed through the combined use of direct push electrical conductivity (EC) logging and geochemical profiling. Vertical and lateral variations in groundwater chemistry were consistent with sedimentary features indicated by EC logs, and were supported by a conceptual model of recharge along the flood plain margin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Schulmeister, M., Healey, J., Butler, J., McCall, G., and Birk, S., 2002, High-resolution characterization of chemical heterogeneity in an alluvial aquifer: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 277, p. 419-424.","startPage":"419","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30fee4b0c8380cd5db42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulmeister, M.K.","contributorId":24526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulmeister","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healey, J.M.","contributorId":61199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, J.J.","contributorId":55605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCall, G.W.","contributorId":35096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCall","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birk, S.","contributorId":41182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birk","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023922,"text":"70023922 - 2002 - Estimating the sources and transport of nutrients in the Waikato River Basin, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T10:44:25","indexId":"70023922","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the sources and transport of nutrients in the Waikato River Basin, New Zealand","docAbstract":"<p><span>We calibrated SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes) surface water‐quality models using measurements of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from 37 sites in the 13,900‐km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Waikato River Basin, the largest watershed on the North Island of New Zealand. This first application of SPARROW outside of the United States included watersheds representative of a wide range of natural and cultural conditions and water‐resources data that were well suited for calibrating and validating the models. We applied the spatially distributed model to a drainage network of nearly 5000 stream reaches and 75 lakes and reservoirs to empirically estimate the rates of nutrient delivery (and their levels of uncertainty) from point and diffuse sources to streams, lakes, and watershed outlets. The resulting models displayed relatively small errors; predictions of stream yield (kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) were typically within 30% or less of the observed values at the monitoring sites. There was strong evidence of the accuracy of the model estimates of nutrient sources and the natural rates of nutrient attenuation in surface waters. Estimated loss rates for streams, lakes, and reservoirs agreed closely with experimental measurements and empirical models from New Zealand, North America, and Europe as well as with previous U.S. SPARROW models. The results indicate that the SPARROW modeling technique provides a reliable method for relating experimental data and observations from small catchments to the transport of nutrients in the surface waters of large river basins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000878","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Elliott, A.H., Shankar, U., and McBride, G.B., 2002, Estimating the sources and transport of nutrients in the Waikato River Basin, New Zealand: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 4-1-4-23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000878.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"4-1","endPage":"4-23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000878","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":" Waikato River","volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b62e4b0c8380cd526cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Alexander H.","contributorId":202424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shankar, Ude","contributorId":80033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shankar","given":"Ude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McBride, Graham B.","contributorId":83306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023923,"text":"70023923 - 2002 - Future petroleum energy resources of the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-20T14:31:39.720769","indexId":"70023923","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future petroleum energy resources of the world","docAbstract":"<p>Is the world running out of oil? Where will future oil and gas supplies come from? To help answer these questions, in 2000 the U.S. Geological Survey completed a new world assessment, exclusive of the United States, of the undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources and potential additions to reserves from field growth.<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>One hundred and twenty-eight provinces were assessed in a 100 manyear effort from 1995-2000. The assessed provinces included 76 priority provinces containing 95% of the world's discovered oil and gas and an additional 52 \"boutique\" provinces, many of which may be highly prospective. Total Petroleum Systems (TPS) were identified and described for each of these provinces along with associated Assessment Units (AU) that are the basic units for assessing undiscovered petroleum. The assessment process coupled geologic analysis with a probabilistic methodology to estimate remaining potential. Within the 128 assessed provinces were 159 TPS and 274 AU. For these provinces, the endowment of recoverable oil—which includes cumulative production, remaining reserves, reserve growth, and undiscovered resources—is estimated at about 3 trillion barrels of oil (TBO). The natural gas endowment is estimated at 2.6 trillion barrels of oil equivalent (TBOE). Oil reserves are currently 1.1 TBO; world consumption is about .028 TBO per year. Natural gas reserves are about 0.8 TBOE; world consumption is about 0.014 TBOE per year. Thus, without any additional discoveries of oil, gas or natural gas liquids, we have about 2 TBOE of proved petroleum reserves. Of the oil and gas endowment of about 5.6 TBOE, we estimate that the world has consumed about 1 TBOE, or 18%, leaving about 82% of the endowment to be utilized or found. Half of the world's undiscovered potential is offshore. Arctic basins with about 25% of undiscovered petroleum resources make up the next great frontier. An additional 279 provinces contain some oil and gas and, if considered, would increase the oil and gas endowment estimates. Whereas petroleum resources in the world appear to be significant, certain countries such as the United States may run into import deficits, particularly oil imports from Mexico and natural gas from both Canada and Mexico.</p><p>The new assessment has been used as the reference supply case in energy supply models by the International Energy Agency and the Energy Information Agency of the Department of Energy. Climate energy modeling groups such as those at Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and others have also used USGS estimates in global climate models. Many of these models using the USGS estimates converge on potential oil shortfalls in 2036-2040. However, recent articles using the USGS (2000) estimates suggest peaking of oil in 2020-2035 and peaking of non-OPEC (Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries) oil in 2015-2020. Such a short time framework places greater emphasis on a transition to increased use of natural gas; i.e., a methane economy. Natural gas in turn may experience similar supply concerns in the 2050-2060 time frame according to some authors.</p><p>Coal resources are considerable and provide significant petroleum potential either by extracting natural gas from them, by directly converting them into petroleum products, or by utilizing them to generate electricity, thereby reducing natural gas and oil requirements by fuel substitution. Non-conventional oil and gas are quite common in petroleum provinces of the world and represent a significant resource yet to be fully studied and developed. Seventeen non-conventional AU including coal-bed methane, basin-center gas, continuous oil, and gas hydrate occurrences have been preliminarily identified for future assessment. Initial efforts to assess heavy oil deposits and other non-conventional oil and gas deposits also are under way.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.44.12.1092","usgsCitation":"Ahlbrandt, T., 2002, Future petroleum energy resources of the world: International Geology Review, v. 44, no. 12, p. 1092-1104, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.44.12.1092.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1092","endPage":"1104","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1435e4b0c8380cd54957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023926,"text":"70023926 - 2002 - Stable isotope compositions of waters in the Great Basin, United States 2. Modern precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70023926","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope compositions of waters in the Great Basin, United States 2. Modern precipitation","docAbstract":"Precipitation was collected between 1991 and 1997 at 41 locations within and adjacent to parts of the Great Basin lying in California, Oregon, Nevada, and Utah. These samples were analyzed for their deuterium (??D) and oxygen-18 (??18O) contents. Separate collections were made of summer and winter season precipitation at stations ranging in elevation from -65 m to 3246 m. The ??D per mil values of stations that were closely spaced but at different elevations showed an average ??D decrease of approximately 10???/km rise in elevation. Data for all samples representing winter precipitation, when plotted on a ??D versus ??18O plot, fall close to the Meteoric Water Line (??D = 8 ??18O + 10); samples representing summer precipitation define a line of slightly lower slope due to evaporation of the raindrops during their passage from cloud to ground. Comparison of our 1991-1997 ??D data with those from the same three stations reported by an earlier study in the southeastern California shows seasonal differences ranging from 0 per mil to 19??? (average: 15) and annual differences ranging from 0 to 13 per mil (average: 2), illustrating the degree of annual and seasonal variability in this region. When contoured, the ??D values display gradients indicating a north to northwest decrease in deuterium, with values ranging from -60 to -125??? in winter precipitation and from -40 to -110??? in summer precipitation. These gradient trends can be explained by the predominance of air mass trajectories originating in the tropical Pacific, the Gulf of California, and (in summer) the Gulf of Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001JD000566","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Smith, G., Johnson, C.A., and Moscati, R., 2002, Stable isotope compositions of waters in the Great Basin, United States 2. Modern precipitation: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 107, no. 19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000566.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478751,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000566","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000566"},{"id":231667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9671e4b08c986b31b4ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G.I.","contributorId":103694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moscati, R.J.","contributorId":27882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscati","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023927,"text":"70023927 - 2002 - Experience gained in testing a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70023927","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experience gained in testing a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media","docAbstract":"Usually, small-scale model error is present in groundwater modelling because the model only represents average system characteristics having the same form as the drift, and small-scale variability is neglected. These errors cause the true errors of a regression model to be correlated. Theory and an example show that the errors also contribute to bias in the estimates of model parameters. This bias originates from model nonlinearity. In spite of this bias, predictions of hydraulic head are nearly unbiased if the model intrinsic nonlinearity is small. Individual confidence and prediction intervals are accurate if the t-statistic is multiplied by a correction factor. The correction factor can be computed from the true error second moment matrix, which can be determined when the stochastic properties of the system characteristics are known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Christensen, S., and Cooley, R., 2002, Experience gained in testing a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 277, p. 22-27.","startPage":"22","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0db8e4b0c8380cd53172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, S.","contributorId":30387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooley, R.L.","contributorId":9272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023939,"text":"70023939 - 2002 - Long lead statistical forecasts of area burned in western U.S. wildfires by ecosystem province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023939","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Long lead statistical forecasts of area burned in western U.S. wildfires by ecosystem province","docAbstract":"A statistical forecast methodology exploits large-scale patterns in monthly U.S. Climatological Division Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) values over a wide region and several seasons to predict area burned in western U.S. wildfires by ecosystem province a season in advance. The forecast model, which is based on canonical correlations, indicates that a few characteristic patterns determine predicted wildfire season area burned. Strong negative associations between anomalous soil moisture (inferred from PDSI) immediately prior to the fire season and area burned dominate in most higher elevation forested provinces, while strong positive associations between anomalous soil moisture a year prior to the fire season and area burned dominate in desert and shrub and grassland provinces. In much of the western U.S., above- and below-normal fire season forecasts were successful 57% of the time or better, as compared with a 33% skill for a random guess, and with a low probability of being surprised by a fire season at the opposite extreme of that forecast.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","language":"English","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Westerling, A., Gershunov, A., Cayan, D., and Barnett, T., 2002, Long lead statistical forecasts of area burned in western U.S. wildfires by ecosystem province, <i>in</i> International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 11, no. 3-4, p. 257-266.","startPage":"257","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4963e4b0c8380cd6857d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westerling, A.L.","contributorId":49562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerling","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gershunov, A.","contributorId":6222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gershunov","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024022,"text":"70024022 - 2002 - Timing and magnitude of Broad-winged Hawk migration at Montclair Hawk Lookout, New Jersey, and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T17:04:12.725052","indexId":"70024022","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing and magnitude of Broad-winged Hawk migration at Montclair Hawk Lookout, New Jersey, and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Broad-winged Hawk (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Buteo platypterus</span></i><span>) breeds in eastern and central Canada and the United States, and winters in Central America and northern and central South America. Birders and ornithologists count migrating Broad-winged Hawks at dozens of traditional watch sites throughout the northeastern United States. We modeled counts of migrating Broad-winged Hawks from two raptor migration watch sites: Montclair Hawk Lookout, New Jersey, and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Pennsylvania, to determine whether annual abundance and trend estimates from individual sites within the mid-Atlantic states are representative of the region as a whole. We restricted ourselves to counts made between 10:00 and 16:00 EST during September to standardize count effort between sites. We created one model set for annual counts and another model set for daily counts. When modeling daily counts we incorporated weather and identity of individual observers. Akaike’s Information Criteria were used to select the best model from an initial set of competing models. Annual counts declined at both sites during 1979–1998. Broad-winged Hawk migration began, peaked, and ended later at Montclair than at Hawk Mountain, even though Hawk Mountain is 155 km west-southwest of Montclair. Mean annual counts of hawks at Montclair were more than twice those at Hawk Mountain, but were not correlated. Broad-winged Hawks counted at Montclair may not be the same birds as those counted at Hawk Mountain. Rather, the two sites may be monitoring different regional subpopulations. Broad-winged Hawks counted at the two sites may use different migration tactics, with those counted at Hawk Mountain being more likely to slope soar, and those at Montclair more likely to use thermal soaring. A system of multiple watch sites is needed to monitor various breeding populations of this widely dispersed migrant.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0479:TAMOBW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.W., Greenstone, E.M., Greenstone, W., and Bildstein, K.L., 2002, Timing and magnitude of Broad-winged Hawk migration at Montclair Hawk Lookout, New Jersey, and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Pennsylvania: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 114, no. 4, p. 479-484, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0479:TAMOBW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0479:tamobw]2.0.co;2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Montclair Hawk Lookout","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.02470397949219,\n              40.614994915836924\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.94711303710938,\n              40.614994915836924\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.94711303710938,\n              40.656680564044166\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.02470397949219,\n              40.656680564044166\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.02470397949219,\n              40.614994915836924\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.21685218811035,\n              40.844787860900226\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.20964241027832,\n              40.844787860900226\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.20964241027832,\n              40.850955880778045\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.21685218811035,\n              40.850955880778045\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.21685218811035,\n              40.844787860900226\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3e7e4b08c986b326058","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark W. 0000-0003-4211-1393","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-1393","contributorId":270066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":56068,"text":"Integrated Statistics, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenstone, E. M.","contributorId":31156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenstone","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenstone, W.","contributorId":99333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenstone","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bildstein, Keith L.","contributorId":150854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bildstein","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":18119,"text":"Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Acopian Center for Conservation Learning","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023945,"text":"70023945 - 2002 - Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models with atmospheric CO2  measurements: Results from transient simulations considering increasing CO2, climate, and land-use effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T15:42:13.780501","indexId":"70023945","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models with atmospheric CO2  measurements: Results from transient simulations considering increasing CO2, climate, and land-use effects","docAbstract":"<p><span>An atmospheric transport model and observations of atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;are used to evaluate the performance of four Terrestrial Carbon Models (TCMs) in simulating the seasonal dynamics and interannual variability of atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;between 1980 and 1991. The TCMs were forced with time varying atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations, climate, and land use to simulate the net exchange of carbon between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere. The monthly surface CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;fluxes from the TCMs were used to drive the Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry and the simulated seasonal cycles and concentration anomalies are compared with observations from several stations in the CMDL network. The TCMs underestimate the amplitude of the seasonal cycle and tend to simulate too early an uptake of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;during the spring by approximately one to two months. The model fluxes show an increase in amplitude as a result of land-use change, but that pattern is not so evident in the simulated atmospheric amplitudes, and the different models suggest different causes for the amplitude increase (i.e., CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;fertilization, climate variability or land use change). The comparison of the modeled concentration anomalies with the observed anomalies indicates that either the TCMs underestimate interannual variability in the exchange of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere, or that either the variability in the ocean fluxes or the atmospheric transport may be key factors in the atmospheric interannual variability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2001GB001426","usgsCitation":"Dargaville, R., Heimann, M., McGuire, A., Prentice, I.C., Kicklighter, D., Joos, F., Clein, J.S., Esser, G., Foley, J., Kaplan, J., Meier, R., Melillo, J.M., Moore, B., Ramankutty, N., Reichenau, T., Schloss, A., Sitch, S., Tian, H., Williams, L., and Wittenberg, U., 2002, Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models with atmospheric CO2  measurements: Results from transient simulations considering increasing CO2, climate, and land-use effects: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 16, no. 4, p. 39-1-39-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001426.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"39-1","endPage":"39-15","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/158465/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ccfe4b0c8380cd52ce3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dargaville, R.J.","contributorId":41992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dargaville","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heimann, Martin","contributorId":76497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prentice, I. C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Joos, F.","contributorId":30786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joos","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clein, Joy S.","contributorId":83697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clein","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Esser, G.","contributorId":15373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esser","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Foley, J.","contributorId":40760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kaplan, J.","contributorId":82888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Meier, R.A.","contributorId":79267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Moore, B. III","contributorId":96845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"B.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ramankutty, N.","contributorId":57624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramankutty","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Reichenau, T.","contributorId":107064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenau","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schloss, A.","contributorId":44320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloss","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sitch, S.","contributorId":81652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitch","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tian, H.","contributorId":43524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Williams, L.J.","contributorId":41183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wittenberg, U.","contributorId":63990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittenberg","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}}
,{"id":70023980,"text":"70023980 - 2002 - Geologic and geophysical evidence for the influence of deep crustal structures on Paleozoic tectonics and the alignment of world-class gold deposits, north-central Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023980","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic and geophysical evidence for the influence of deep crustal structures on Paleozoic tectonics and the alignment of world-class gold deposits, north-central Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Geologic data concur with geophysical and isotopic data that suggest the presence of deep crustal fault zones along the Battle Mountain-Eureka (BME) trend and elsewhere in Nevada. The fault zones may have originated during Proterozoic rifting of the continent and were likely substantially reactivated and modified during Paleozoic tectonism. Five distinct Paleozoic structural and stratigraphic domains are defined that demonstrate the complexity of Paleozoic tectonic events and also lead to hypotheses about ways in which the margin could have been modified. The current locations of these domains adjacent to the geophysically and isotopically defined indicators of the buried continent edge corroborate their interactions with the continental margin. During the Tertiary, preexisting crustal fault zones were intersected and reopened during episodes of extension and served as the conduits for deep-sourced, gold-rich fluids, which were disseminated into Paleozoic slope facies sedimentary rocks, forming sediment-hosted Carlin-type and other deposits. Multiple factors including the locations of these deep-seated structures, the original configuration of the lower Paleozoic continental margin of Nevada, and its subsequent reactivation during the Paleozoic all were fundamental controls on the location of younger mineral deposits. A clearer understanding of the original configuration of the margin and of the effects of subsequent Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic events on the margin would provide insight into the locations of these and other prospective mineral belts. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00088-4","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Crafford, A., and Grauch, V.J., 2002, Geologic and geophysical evidence for the influence of deep crustal structures on Paleozoic tectonics and the alignment of world-class gold deposits, north-central Nevada, USA: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 21, no. 3-4, p. 157-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00088-4.","startPage":"157","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207167,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00088-4"},{"id":231866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a18e2e4b0c8380cd55835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crafford, A.E.J.","contributorId":60411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crafford","given":"A.E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023990,"text":"70023990 - 2002 - Worldwide estimates of deep natural gas resources based on the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T15:10:42.439457","indexId":"70023990","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Worldwide estimates of deep natural gas resources based on the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey recently assessed undiscovered conventional gas and oil resources in eight regions of the world outside the U.S. The resources assessed were those estimated to have the potential to be added to reserves within the next thirty years. This study is a worldwide analysis of the estimated volumes and distribution of deep (&gt;4.5 km or about 15,000 ft), undiscovered conventional natural gas resources based on this assessment. Two hundred forty-six assessment units in 128 priority geologic provinces, 96 countries, and two jointly held areas were assessed using a probabilistic Total Petroleum System approach. Priority geologic provinces were selected from a ranking of 937 provinces worldwide. The U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment Team did not assess undiscovered petroleum resources in the U.S. For this report, mean estimated volumes of deep conventional undiscovered gas resources in the U.S. are taken from estimates of 101 deep plays (out of a total of 550 conventional plays in the U.S.) from the U.S. Geological Survey's 1995 National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources. A probabilistic method was designed to subdivide gas resources into depth slices using a median-based triangular probability distribution as a model for drilling depth to estimate the percentages of estimated gas resources below various depths. For both the World Petroleum Assessment 2000 and the 1995 National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources, minimum, median, and maximum depths were assigned to each assessment unit and play; these depths were used in our analysis. Two-hundred seventy-four deep assessment units and plays in 124 petroleum provinces were identified for the U.S. and the world. These assessment units and plays contain a mean undiscovered conventional gas resource of 844 trillion cubic ft (Tcf) occuring at depths below 4.5 km. The deep undiscovered conventional gas resource (844 Tcf) is about 17% of the total world gas resource (4,928 Tcf) based on the provinces assessed and includes a mean estimate of 259 Tcf of U.S. gas from the U.S. 1995 National Assessment. Of the eight regions, the Former Soviet Union (Region 1) contains the largest estimated volume of undiscovered deep gas with a mean resource of343 Tcf.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1019860722244","usgsCitation":"Dyman, T.S., Crovelli, R., Bartberger, C., and Takahashi, K.I., 2002, Worldwide estimates of deep natural gas resources based on the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000: Natural Resources Research, v. 11, no. 3, p. 207-218, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019860722244.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1dae4b08c986b32f5b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyman, T. S.","contributorId":21161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyman","given":"T.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartberger, C. E.","contributorId":102665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartberger","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takahashi, K. I.","contributorId":65072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024007,"text":"70024007 - 2002 - The mid-cretaceous water bearer: Isotope mass balance quantification of the Albian hydrologic cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70024007","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mid-cretaceous water bearer: Isotope mass balance quantification of the Albian hydrologic cycle","docAbstract":"A latitudinal gradient in meteoric ??18O compositions compiled from paleosol sphaerosiderites throughout the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin (KWIB) (34-75??N paleolatitude) exhibits a steeper, more depleted trend than modern (predicted) values (3.0??? [34??N latitude] to 9.7??? [75??N] lighter). Furthermore, the sphaerosiderite meteoric ??18O latitudinal gradient is significantly steeper and more depleted (5.8??? [34??N] to 13.8??? [75??N] lighter) than a predicted gradient for the warm mid-Cretaceous using modern empirical temperature-??18O precipitation relationships. We have suggested that the steeper and more depleted (relative to the modern theoretical gradient) meteoric sphaerosiderite ??18O latitudinal gradient resulted from increased air mass rainout effects in coastal areas of the KWIB during the mid-Cretaceous. The sphaerosiderite isotopic data have been used to constrain a mass balance model of the hydrologic cycle in the northern hemisphere and to quantify precipitation rates of the equable 'greenhouse' Albian Stage in the KWIB. The mass balance model tracks the evolving isotopic composition of an air mass and its precipitation, and is driven by latitudinal temperature gradients. Our simulations indicate that significant increases in Albian precipitation (34-52%) and evaporation fluxes (76-96%) are required to reproduce the difference between modern and Albian meteoric siderite ??18O latitudinal gradients. Calculations of precipitation rates from model outputs suggest mid-high latitude precipitation rates greatly exceeded modern rates (156-220% greater in mid latitudes [2600-3300 mm/yr], 99% greater at high latitudes [550 mm/yr]). The calculated precipitation rates are significantly different from the precipitation rates predicted by some recent general circulation models (GCMs) for the warm Cretaceous, particularly in the mid to high latitudes. Our mass balance model by no means replaces GCMs. However, it is a simple and effective means of obtaining quantitative data regarding the mid-Cretaceous hydrologic cycle in the KWIB. Our goal is to encourage the incorporation of isotopic tracers into GCM simulations of the mid-Cretaceous, and to show how our empirical data and mass balance model estimates help constrain the boundary conditions. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00530-8","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Ufnar, D.F., Gonzalez, L.A., Ludvigson, G.A., Brenner, R.L., and Witzke, B., 2002, The mid-cretaceous water bearer: Isotope mass balance quantification of the Albian hydrologic cycle: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 188, no. 1-2, p. 51-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00530-8.","startPage":"51","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207076,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00530-8"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badd2e4b08c986b323e0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ufnar, David F.","contributorId":64371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ufnar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brenner, Richard L.","contributorId":94457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13387,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game - Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 669, Cordova, AK  99574","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Witzke, B.J.","contributorId":12976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024839,"text":"70024839 - 2002 - Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:24:31","indexId":"70024839","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America","docAbstract":"Three ancient impact craters (Chesapeake Bay - 35.7 Ma; Toms Canyon - 35.7 Ma; Montagnais - 51 Ma) and one multiring impact basin (Chicxulub - 65 Ma) are currently known to be buried beneath modern continental shelves. All occur on the passive Atlantic margin of North America in regions extensively explored by seismic reflection surveys in the search for oil and gas reserves. We limit our discussion herein to the three youngest structures. These craters were created by submarine impacts, which produced many structural and morphological features similar in construction, composition, and variability to those documented in well-preserved subaerial and planetary impact craters. The subcircular Chesapeake Bay (diameter 85 km) and ovate Montagnais (diameter 45-50 km) structures display outer-rim scarps, annular troughs, peak rings, inner basins, and central peaks similar to those incorporated in the widely cited conceptual model of complex impact craters. These craters differ in several respects from the model, however. For example, the Montagnais crater lacks a raised lip on the outer rim, the Chesapeake Bay crater displays only small remnants of a raised lip, and both craters contain an unusually thick body of impact breccia. The subtriangular Toms Canyon crater (diameter 20-22 km), on the other hand, contains none of the internal features of a complex crater, nor is it typical of a simple crater. It displays a prominent raised lip on the outer rim, but the lip is present only on the western side of the crater. In addition, each of these craters contains some distinct features, which are not present in one or both of the others. For example, the central peak at Montagnais rises well above the elevation of the outer rim, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the outer rim is higher than the central peak. The floor of the Toms Canyon crater is marked by parallel deep troughs and linear ridges formed of sedimentary rocks, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the crater floor contains concentric faults and compression ridges formed in rocks of the crystalline basement. The Chesapeake Bay crater is distinguished further by its cluster of at least 23 adjacent secondary craters. The North American tektite strewn field, a widespread deposit of distal ejecta, is thought to be derived from the Chesapeake Bay impact, perhaps with a small contribution from the Toms Canyon impact. No ejecta field is known to be associated with the Montagnais impact. No immediate major extinction event is directly linked to any of these three impacts. There is evidence, however, that the Chesapeake Bay and Toms Canyon impacts helped initiate a long-term pulse of warm global climate, whose eventual dissipation coincided with an early Oligocene mass extinction event, 2 Ma after the impacts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., Plescia, J.B., and Molzer, P., 2002, Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1081-1102, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1102","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8"},{"id":232787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf6e4b0c8380cd48fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plescia, J. B.","contributorId":15689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molzer, P.C.","contributorId":86514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molzer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024074,"text":"70024074 - 2002 - Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70024074","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes","docAbstract":"We assessed the precision of visual estimates of vegetation and substrate along transects in 15 shallow, natural Nebraska lakes. Vegetation type (submergent or emergent), vegetation density (sparse, moderate, or dense), and substrate composition (percentage sand, muck, and clay; to the nearest 10%) were estimated at 25-70 sampling sites per lake by two independent observers. Observer agreement for vegetation type was 92%. Agreement ranged from 62.5% to 90.1% for substrate composition. Agreement was also high (72%) for vegetation density estimates. The relatively high agreement between estimates was likely attributable to the homogeneity of the lake habitats. Nearly 90% of the substrate sites were classified as 0% clay, and over 68% as either 0% or 100% sand. When habitats were homogeneous, less than 40 sampling sites per lake were required for 95% confidence that habitat composition was within 10% of the true mean, and over 100 sites were required when habitats were heterogeneous. Our results suggest that relatively high precision is attainable for vegetation and substrate mapping in shallow, natural lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C., Willis, D., and Holland, R., 2002, Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1329-1333, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1329","endPage":"1333","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab066e4b0c8380cd87ab8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, R.S.","contributorId":56415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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