{"pageNumber":"1146","pageRowStart":"28625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40871,"records":[{"id":70024929,"text":"70024929 - 2002 - Climate variability from the Florida Bay sedimentary record: Possible teleconnections to ENSO, PNA and CNP","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:20:01","indexId":"70024929","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1249,"text":"Climate Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate variability from the Florida Bay sedimentary record: Possible teleconnections to ENSO, PNA and CNP","docAbstract":"<p><span>We analyzed decadal and interannual climate variability in South Florida since 1880 using geochemical and faunal paleosalinity indicators from isotopically dated sediment cores at Russell Bank in Florida Bay (FB). Using the relative abundance of 2 ostracode species and the Mg/Ca ratios in </span><i>Loxoconcha matagordensis</i><span> shells to reconstruct paleosalinity, we found evidence for cyclic oscillations in the salinity of central FB. During this time salinity fluctuated from as low as ~18 parts per thousand (ppt) to as high as ~57 ppt. Time series analyses suggest, in addition to a 5.6 yr Mg/Ca based salinity periodicity, there are 3 other modes of variability in paleosalinity indicators: 6-7, 8-9, and 13-14 yr periods which occur in all paleo-proxies. To search for factors that might cause salinity to vary in FB, we compared the Russell Bank paleosalinity record to South Florida winter rainfall, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the winter Pacific North American (PNA) index, and a surrogate for the PNA in the winter season, the Central North Pacific (CNP) index. SOI and PNA/CNP appear to be associated with South Florida winter precipitation. Time series analyses of SOI and winter rainfall for the period 1910-1999 suggest ~5, 6-7, 8-9 and 13-14 yr cycles. The 6-7 yr and 13-14 yr cycles correspond to those observed in the faunal and geochemical time series from Russell Bank. The main periods of the CNP index are 5-6 and 13-15 yr, which are similar to those observed in FB paleosalinity. Cross-spectral analyses show that winter rainfall and salinity are coherent at 5.6 yr with a salinity lag of ~1.6 mo. These results suggest that regional rainfall variability influences FB salinity over interannual and decadal timescales and that much of this variability may have its origin in climate variability in the Pacific Ocean/atmosphere system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/cr019233","issn":"0936577X","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Dwyer, G., Schwede, S., Vann, C., and Dowsett, H., 2002, Climate variability from the Florida Bay sedimentary record: Possible teleconnections to ENSO, PNA and CNP: Climate Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 233-245, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019233.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019233","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f655e4b0c8380cd4c6d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, Gary S.","contributorId":67642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"Gary S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwede, S.B.","contributorId":74916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwede","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vann, C.D.","contributorId":51951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dowsett, H.","contributorId":44303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024586,"text":"70024586 - 2002 - Factors controlling storm impacts on coastal barriers and beaches - A preliminary basis for near real-time forecasting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024586","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling storm impacts on coastal barriers and beaches - A preliminary basis for near real-time forecasting","docAbstract":"Analysis of ground conditions and meteorological and oceanographic parameters for some of the most severe Atlantic and Gulf Coast storms in the U.S. reveals the primary factors affecting morphological storm responses of beaches and barrier islands. The principal controlling factors are storm characteristics, geographic position relative to storm path, timing of storm events, duration of wave exposure, wind stress, degree of flow confinement, antecedent topography and geologic framework, sediment textures, vegetative cover, and type and density of coastal development. A classification of commonly observed storm responses demonstrates the sequential interrelations among (1) land elevations, (2) water elevations in the ocean and adjacent lagoon (if present), and (3) stages of rising water during the storm. The predictable coastal responses, in relative order from high frequency beach erosion to low frequency barrier inundation, include: beach erosion, berm migration, dune erosion, washover terrace construction, perched fan deposition, sheetwash, washover channel incision, washout formation, and forced and unforced ebb flow. Near real-time forecasting of expected storm impacts is possible if the following information is available for the coast: a detailed morphological and topographic characterization, accurate storm-surge and wave-runup models, the real-time reporting of storm parameters, accurate forecasts of the storm position relative to a particular coastal segment, and a conceptual model of geological processes that encompasses observed morphological changes caused by extreme storms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., 2002, Factors controlling storm impacts on coastal barriers and beaches - A preliminary basis for near real-time forecasting: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 18, no. 3, p. 486-501.","startPage":"486","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ebbe4b0c8380cd535c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024518,"text":"70024518 - 2002 - Linking the pacific decadal oscillation to seasonal stream discharge patterns in Southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024518","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking the pacific decadal oscillation to seasonal stream discharge patterns in Southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"This study identified and examined differences in Southeast Alaskan streamflow patterns between the two most recent modes of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). Identifying relationships between the PDO and specific regional phenomena is important for understanding climate variability, interpreting historical hydrological variability, and improving water-resources forecasting. Stream discharge data from six watersheds in Southeast Alaska were divided into cold-PDO (1947-1976) and warm-PDO (1977-1998) subsets. For all watersheds, the average annual streamflows during cold-PDO years were not significantly different from warm-PDO years. Monthly and seasonal discharges, however, did differ significantly between the two subsets, with the warm-PDO winter flows being typically higher than the cold-PDO winter flows and the warm-PDO summer flows being typically lower than the cold-PDO flows. These results were consistent with and driven by observed temperature and snowfall patterns for the region. During warm-PDO winters, precipitation fell as rain and ran-off immediately, causing higher than normal winter streamflow. During cold-PDO winters, precipitation was stored as snow and ran off during the summer snowmelt, creating greater summer streamflows. The Mendenhall River was unique in that it experienced higher flows for all seasons during the warm-PDO relative to the cold-PDO. The large amount of Mendenhall River discharge caused by glacial melt during warm-PDO summers offset any flow reduction caused by lack of snow accumulation during warm-PDO winters. The effect of the PDO on Southeast Alaskan watersheds differs from other regions of the Pacific Coast of North America in that monthly/seasonal discharge patterns changed dramatically with the switch in PDO modes but annual discharge did not. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00058-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Neal, E., Todd, W.M., and Coffeen, C., 2002, Linking the pacific decadal oscillation to seasonal stream discharge patterns in Southeast Alaska: Journal of Hydrology, v. 263, no. 1-4, p. 188-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00058-6.","startPage":"188","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207664,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00058-6"},{"id":232802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"263","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47dde4b0c8380cd67a33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, E.G.","contributorId":60691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Walter M.","contributorId":31163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coffeen, C.","contributorId":30789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffeen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024355,"text":"70024355 - 2002 - Effects of nutrient enrichment on channel catfish growth and consumption in Mount Storm Lake, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70024355","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2594,"text":"Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nutrient enrichment on channel catfish growth and consumption in Mount Storm Lake, West Virginia","docAbstract":"With the objective of augmenting fish production in Mount Storm Lake, Virginia Electric and Power Company initiated a programme of phosphorus addition to increase primary production, and ultimately, channel catfish (Ictaturus punctatus) growth in the 486 ha cooling reservoir. We simulated channel catfish growth dynamics using two bioenergetics modelling scenarios: (i) effects of average reservoir temperature on growth, conversion efficiency and consumption; and (ii) effects of reservoir enrichment on growth, which is simulated by increasing feeding rates. During 1991-1993, fish were sampled monthly, but sampling was increased to every 2 weeks during the peak growing season (June-September). Most of the channel catfish collected were aged 0 year and aged 1 year with rapid annual growth rates ranging from 9.0 to 13.7 J/g. We found many age 1 250-300 mm catfish, but few beyond this size. Conversion efficiency (joules gained/joules consumed) was low at approximately 18-19%. High algae consumption (40%) was evident, but consumption of zooplankton and Asiatic clam (Corbicula sp.) increased over the study. Simulated increased feeding rates showed that channel catfish were food limited in summer and fall (July-December). Weight gains with 5 and 10% feeding increases were 6-13% and 18-38%, respectively, from the baseline. Catfish of all sizes should benefit from phosphorus additions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1440-169X.2002.00184.x","issn":"13205331","usgsCitation":"Blanc, T., and Margraf, F., 2002, Effects of nutrient enrichment on channel catfish growth and consumption in Mount Storm Lake, West Virginia: Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management, v. 7, no. 2, p. 109-123, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169X.2002.00184.x.","startPage":"109","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207107,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169X.2002.00184.x"},{"id":231740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a076ee4b0c8380cd516c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanc, T.J.","contributorId":18137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanc","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Margraf, F.J.","contributorId":47738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024354,"text":"70024354 - 2002 - Inter-annual, seasonal and spatial variability in nutrient limitation of phytoplankton production in a river impoundment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70024354","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-annual, seasonal and spatial variability in nutrient limitation of phytoplankton production in a river impoundment","docAbstract":"We characterize seasonal and spatial patterns in phytoplankton abundance, production and nutrient limitation in a mesotrophic river impoundment located in the southeastern United States to assess variation arising from inter-annual differences in watershed inputs. Short-term (48 h) in situ nutrient addition experiments were conducted between May and October at three sites located along the longitudinal axis of the lake. Nutrient limitation was detected in 12 of the 18 experiments conducted over 2 years. Phytoplankton responded to additions of phosphorus alone although highest chlorophyll concentrations were observed in enclosures receiving combined (P and N) additions. Growth responses were greatest at downstream sites and in late summer suggesting that those populations experience more severe nutrient limitation. Interannual variation in nutrient limitation and primary production corresponded to differences in the timing of hydrologic inputs. Above average rainfall and discharge in late-summer (July-October) of 1996 coincided with higher in-lake nutrient concentrations, increased production, and minimal nutrient limitation. During the same period in 1995, discharge was lower, nutrient concentrations were lower, and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton production was more pronounced. Our results suggest that nutrient limitation is common in this river impoundment but that modest inter-annual variability in the timing of hydrologic inputs can substantially influence seasonal and spatial patterns.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1021388315552","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Bukaveckas, P., and Crain, A., 2002, Inter-annual, seasonal and spatial variability in nutrient limitation of phytoplankton production in a river impoundment: Hydrobiologia, v. 481, p. 19-31, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021388315552.","startPage":"19","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207090,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021388315552"},{"id":231702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"481","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c9fe4b0c8380cd62ed1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukaveckas, P.A.","contributorId":87322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukaveckas","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crain, A.S.","contributorId":10833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crain","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024352,"text":"70024352 - 2002 - Instrumental intensity distribution for the Hector Mine, California, and the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquakes: Comparison of two methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T11:47:50.088865","indexId":"70024352","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instrumental intensity distribution for the Hector Mine, California, and the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquakes: Comparison of two methods","docAbstract":"We compare two methods of seismic-intensity estimation from ground-motion records for the two recent strong earthquakes: the 1999 (M 7.1) Hector Mine, California, and the 1999 (M 7.6) Chi-Chi, Taiwan. The first technique utilizes the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and velocity (PGV), and it is used for rapid generation of the instrumental intensity map in California. The other method is based on the revised relationships between intensity and Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS). The results of using the methods are compared with independently observed data and between the estimations from the records. For the case of the Hector Mine earthquake, the calculated intensities in general agree with the observed values. For the case of the Chi-Chi earthquake, the areas of maximum calculated intensity correspond to the areas of the greatest damage and highest number of fatalities. However, the FAS method producees higher-intensity values than those of the peak amplitude method. The specific features of ground-motion excitation during the large, shallow, thrust earthquake may be considered a reason for the discrepancy. The use of PGA and PGV is simple; however, the use of FAS provides a natural consideration of site amplification by means of generalized or site-specific spectral ratios. Because the calculation of seismic-intensity maps requires rapid processing of data from a large network, it is very practical to generate a \"first-order\" map from the recorded peak motions. Then, a \"second-order\" map may be compiled using an amplitude-spectra method on the basis of available records and numerical modeling of the site-dependent spectra for the regions of sparse station spacing.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120010264","usgsCitation":"Sokolov, V., and Wald, D., 2002, Instrumental intensity distribution for the Hector Mine, California, and the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquakes: Comparison of two methods: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 6, p. 2145-2162, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010264.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2162","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Taiwan, United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hector Mine, Chi-Chi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.47842407226562,\n              34.70662237058582\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.37508392333984,\n              34.70210643670556\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.37542724609374,\n              34.76925550809344\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.47876739501955,\n              34.77884377746835\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.47842407226562,\n              34.70662237058582\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -239.842529296875,\n              22.62415215809042\n            ],\n            [\n              -239.622802734375,\n              22.62415215809042\n            ],\n            [\n              -239.622802734375,\n              22.978623970384913\n            ],\n            [\n              -239.842529296875,\n              22.978623970384913\n            ],\n            [\n              -239.842529296875,\n              22.62415215809042\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c44e4b0c8380cd62bdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sokolov, V.","contributorId":97278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sokolov","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024350,"text":"70024350 - 2002 - Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) reproductive activity on Delaware Bay beaches: Interactions with beach characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024350","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) reproductive activity on Delaware Bay beaches: Interactions with beach characteristics","docAbstract":"We used results from a survey of horseshoe crab reproductive activity that was conducted in 1999 throughout Delaware Bay to examine the relationship between estimates of spawning females and egg deposition and analyze how that relationship varies with geography, time within a spawning season, beach morphology, and wave energy. We found that beach morphology and wave energy interacted with density of spawning females to explain variation in the density and distribution of eggs and larvae. For example, the quantity of eggs in surface sediment (i.e., eggs that are potentially available to foraging shorebirds) was associated with the density of spawning females, beach morphology, and wave energy. The association between beach morphology and live eggs in surface sediment was strong especially in late May (Percent Reduction in Error = 86% from regression tree model) where egg density was an order of magnitude higher on beaches <15 m wide (3.38*105 m-2; 90% CI: 2.29*105, 4.47*105) compared to wider beaches (1.49*104 m-2; 90% CI: 4.47*103, 2.53*104). Results also indicate that, among bay-front beaches, horseshoe crabs prefer to spawn on narrow beaches, possibly because of reduced wave energy. At peak periods of spawning activity, density of spawning females was inversely related to foreshore width on mid-latitude beaches within Delaware Bay (t = -2.68, 7 df, p = 0.03). Because the distribution of eggs across the foreshore varied with beach morphology and widened as the spawning season progressed, methods used to sample eggs need to be robust to variation in beach morphology and applicable regardless of when the samples are taken. Because beach morphology and wave energy were associated with the quantity of eggs in surface sediment, certain beach types may be critical to the conservation of shorebird foraging habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Pooler, P., Loveland, R., Botton, M., Michels, S., Weber, R., and Carter, D.B., 2002, Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) reproductive activity on Delaware Bay beaches: Interactions with beach characteristics: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 18, no. 4, p. 730-740.","startPage":"730","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a322ae4b0c8380cd5e594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pooler, P.S.","contributorId":78686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pooler","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, R.E.","contributorId":49158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Botton, M.L.","contributorId":104682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botton","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michels, S.F.","contributorId":34867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michels","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weber, R.G.","contributorId":38686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carter, Daniel B.","contributorId":18880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025017,"text":"70025017 - 2002 - Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-09T11:13:22.901459","indexId":"70025017","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities","docAbstract":"NASA developed the Earth Observing System (EOS) during the 1990'S. At the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), located at the USGS EROS Data Center, the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is required to support heritage missions as well as Landsat 7, Terra, and Aqua. The original system concept of the early 1990'S changed as each community had its say - first the managers, then engineers, scientists, developers, operators, and then finally the general public. The systems at the LP DAAC - particularly the largest single system, the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) - are changing as experience accumulates, technology changes, and each user group gains influence. The LP DAAC has adapted as contingencies were planned for, requirements and therefore plans were modified, and expectations changed faster than requirements could hope to be satisfied. Although not responsible for Quality Assurance of the science data, the LP DAAC works to ensure the data are accessible and useable by influencing systems, capabilities, and data formats where possible, and providing tools and user support as necessary. While supporting multiple missions and instruments, the LP DAAC also works with and learns from multiple management and oversight groups as they review mission requirements, system capabilities, and the overall operation of the LP DAAC. Stakeholders, including the Land Science community, are consulted regularly to ensure that the LP DAAC remains cognizant and responsive to the evolving needs of the user community. Today, the systems do not look or function as originally planned, but they do work, and they allow customers to search and order of an impressive amount of diverse data.","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems VII","conferenceDate":"July 7-10, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.451678","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Kalvelage, T.A., 2002, Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities, Earth Observing Systems VII, v. 4814, Seattle, WA, July 7-10, 2002, p. 380-391, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451678.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4814","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e75e4b0c8380cd75662","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnes W.L.","contributorId":128354,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barnes W.L.","id":536544,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kalvelage, T. A.","contributorId":74548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalvelage","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024853,"text":"70024853 - 2002 - Empirical evidence for acceleration-dependent amplification factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024853","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical evidence for acceleration-dependent amplification factors","docAbstract":"Site-specific amplification factors, Fa and Fv, used in current U.S. building codes decrease with increasing base acceleration level as implied by the Loma Prieta earthquake at 0.1g and extrapolated using numerical models and laboratory results. The Northridge earthquake recordings of 17 January 1994 and subsequent geotechnical data permit empirical estimates of amplification at base acceleration levels up to 0.5g. Distance measures and normalization procedures used to infer amplification ratios from soil-rock pairs in predetermined azimuth-distance bins significantly influence the dependence of amplification estimates on base acceleration. Factors inferred using a hypocentral distance norm do not show a statistically significant dependence on base acceleration. Factors inferred using norms implied by the attenuation functions of Abrahamson and Silva show a statistically significant decrease with increasing base acceleration. The decrease is statistically more significant for stiff clay and sandy soil (site class D) sites than for stiffer sites underlain by gravely soils and soft rock (site class C). The decrease in amplification with increasing base acceleration is more pronounced for the short-period amplification factor, Fa, than for the midperiod factor, Fv.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120010170","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R., 2002, Empirical evidence for acceleration-dependent amplification factors: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 2, p. 761-782, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010170.","startPage":"761","endPage":"782","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207811,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120010170"},{"id":233035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0909e4b0c8380cd51d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, R. D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":32165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024417,"text":"70024417 - 2002 - Accelerated solvent extraction followed by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to ion trap LC/MS/MS for analysis of benzalkonium chlorides in sediment samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024417","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accelerated solvent extraction followed by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to ion trap LC/MS/MS for analysis of benzalkonium chlorides in sediment samples","docAbstract":"Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) were successfully extracted from sediment samples using a new methodology based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by an on-line cleanup step. The BACs were detected by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using an electrospray interface operated in the positive ion mode. This methodology combines the high efficiency of extraction provided by a pressurized fluid and the high sensitivity offered by the ion trap MS/MS. The effects of solvent type and ASE operational variables, such as temperature and pressure, were evaluated. After optimization, a mixture of acetonitrile/water (6:4 or 7:3) was found to be most efficient for extracting BACs from the sediment samples. Extraction recoveries ranged from 95 to 105% for C12 and C14 homologues, respectively. Total method recoveries from fortified sediment samples, using a cleanup step followed by ASE, were 85% for C12BAC and 79% for C14-BAC. The methodology developed in this work provides detection limits in the subnanogram per gram range. Concentrations of BAC homologues ranged from 22 to 206 ??g/kg in sediment samples from different river sites downstream from wastewater treatment plants. The high affinity of BACs for soil suggests that BACs preferentially concentrate in sediment rather than in water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ac010969l","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Ferrer, I., and Furlong, E., 2002, Accelerated solvent extraction followed by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to ion trap LC/MS/MS for analysis of benzalkonium chlorides in sediment samples: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, no. 6, p. 1275-1280, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac010969l.","startPage":"1275","endPage":"1280","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac010969l"},{"id":232120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e667e4b0c8380cd473c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024535,"text":"70024535 - 2002 - Historical patterns of river stage and fish communities as criteria for operations of dams on the Illinois river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:38:59","indexId":"70024535","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical patterns of river stage and fish communities as criteria for operations of dams on the Illinois river","docAbstract":"<p><span>The hydrologic regime of the Illinois River has been altered over the past 100 years. Locks and dams regulate water surface elevations and flow, enabling commercial navigation to continue year round. This study relates changes in water surface elevation to fish abundance in the river, and establishes target criteria for operating locks and dams. Using long-term records of daily river stage, we identified ecologically meaningful hydrological parameters for eight gage locations along the Illinois River. Inter-annual variability of a long-term fisheries dataset beginning in 1957 was related to variability in stage, flood and recession duration, frequency, timing, and rate of change of water levels. Reversals in water surface elevation, maximum stage levels, and length of the spring flood were the most important parameters influencing abundance of age-zero fishes in annual collections. Smallmouth buffalo (</span><i>Ictiobus bubalus</i><span>), black crappie (</span><i>Pomoxis nigromaculatus</i><span>), freshwater drum (</span><i>Aplodinotus grunneins</i><span>), and white bass (</span><i>Morone chrysops</i><span>) were most abundant in samples during years that approximated the natural water level regime. Of the 33 hydrologic parameters evaluated for the entire water year from an Illinois River gage site on La Grange Reach, all except average stage in January and Julian date (JD) of maximum stage had moderate or high hydrologic alteration based on the historical range of variation (RVA). The highest degree of hydrologic alteration was for minimum stage levels (1-day, 3-day, and 7-day), rate-of-rise, and rate-of-fall. Other parameters that have been severely altered were 30-day minimum stage, 90-day maximum stage, and the annual number of water level reversals. Operations of the La Grange and Peoria locks and dams could be modified so water level variability would approximate that of the late 1800s, when fish and wildlife resources were abundant. The water regime could be regulated to maintain navigation and improve conditions for native plants and animals without increasing flood damages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.630","usgsCitation":"Koel, T., and Sparks, R.E., 2002, Historical patterns of river stage and fish communities as criteria for operations of dams on the Illinois river: River Research and Applications, v. 18, no. 1, p. 3-19, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.630.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3195e4b0c8380cd5e045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koel, Todd M.","contributorId":196920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koel","given":"Todd M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparks, Richard E.","contributorId":39091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024416,"text":"70024416 - 2002 - Historical and modern distributions of benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024416","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical and modern distributions of benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California","docAbstract":"Historical (early 1930s) and modern samples provide a detailed account of the spatial distribution of benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California. Ten species among a total of 110 present dominated the 110 samples investigated in the historical study. A cluster analysis of the foraminiferal abundances in the historical study identified five assemblages: Inner Shelf, Middle Shelf, Outer Shelf, Southeastern Shelf and Southwestern Shelf. Specimens with calcareous tests were most prevalent in all the assemblages. A cluster analysis of the modern foraminiferal frequencies from 95 samples also defined five assemblages: Inner Shelf, Middle Shelf, Middle/Outer Shelf Arenaceous, Outer Shelf, and Southern Shelf. Although arenaceous taxa dominate much of the modern fauna, the spatial distribution of the modern assemblages is similar to that of the historical record when presumably unrecognized taxa are eliminated from the data. Both the historical and, to a greater degree, the modern foraminiferal assemblages exhibit a strong correlation with the sediment grain size distribution. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00264-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2002, Historical and modern distributions of benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California: Marine Geology, v. 181, no. 1-3, p. 115-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00264-X.","startPage":"115","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00264-X"}],"volume":"181","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a317be4b0c8380cd5df68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, M. 0000-0002-3057-2945","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":49125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189969,"text":"70189969 - 2002 - Otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-30T11:31:10","indexId":"70189969","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Otters","docAbstract":"<p>The otters (Mustelidae; Lutrinae) provide a unique look into the evolution of marine living by mammals. This is because most extant marine mammals have been so highly modified by long periods of selection for life in the sea that they bare little resemblance to their terrestrial ancestors. Marine otters, by contrast, are recent expatriates from terrestrial and freshwater habitats, and some species still live in both environments. Contrasts within this group, and among the otters, terrestrial mammals, and the more highly adapted pinnipeds and cetaceans potentially offer deep insight into mammalian adaptations to life in the sea. Among the marine mammals, sea otters also provide the clearest understanding of predation and ocean ecosystem function. This is due in part to serendipitous opportunities provided by history and in part by the relative ease with which shallow coastal systems where sea otters live can be observed and studied. These two qualities of the otters are what make them interesting to marine mammalogy. Thus, our contribution to this volume on the marine mammals is built around these themes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of marine mammals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","isbn":"0-12-551340-2","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., and Bodkin, J.L., 2002, Otters, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of marine mammals, p. 842-858.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"842","endPage":"858","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344440,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70189970","text":"Pubs Warehouse: Second edition of this publication"},{"id":344438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-marine-mammals/wursig/978-0-12-373553-9","text":"Publisher's Website: Second edition of Encyclopedia"}],"edition":"First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"597ef022e4b0a38ca2774b0c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Perrin, William F.","contributorId":47298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perrin","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706934,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wursing, Bernd","contributorId":149340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wursing","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706935,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thewissen, J.G.M.","contributorId":119190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thewissen","given":"J.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706936,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024322,"text":"70024322 - 2002 - Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024322","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii","docAbstract":"Estuaries provide juvenile nursery habitat for many species of fish that inhabit marine environments as adults. In Hawaii, some juvenile Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus occupy estuaries opportunistically before moving to nearshore ocean habitats. This study examined the extent and nature of estuarine habitat available in the lower Hanalei River of Kauai, the relative abundance and distribution of jacks in the estuary, and their diets. Salinity measurements indicated that the upstream extent of saltwater ranged from the mouth to nearly 5 km upriver and was strongly influenced by the variable river discharge. Juvenile jacks between 80 and 310 mm FL were observed on underwater transects over the full range of mixohaline conditions. Hand-operated seine collections produced overall catch rates of ???0.64 fish/haul for each of these species. The two jacks ate much the same spectrum of food items. C. ignobilis was somewhat more piscivorous than C. melampygus, as determined by measures of frequency of predation and number and bulk of prey. Data for length at age, incorporating daily otolith increment counts from these estuarine juveniles and previous counts from non-estuarine specimens, were fitted to a lifetime von Bertalanffy growth model. The results greatly extended the age range of the model and suggested that growth rates were not much different between estuarine and non-estuarine fish. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.2001.0909","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Smith, G., and Parrish, J., 2002, Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 55, no. 3, p. 347-359, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0909.","startPage":"347","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0909"},{"id":231773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bc1e4b0c8380cd52876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G.C.","contributorId":107063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, J.D.","contributorId":63083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2002788,"text":"2002788 - 2002 - Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:37:52","indexId":"2002788","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":396,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"Following translocations to the outer coast of Southeast Alaska in 1965, sea otters have been expanding their range and increasing in abundance. We began conducting surveys for sea otters in Cross Sound, Icy Strait, and Glacier Bay, Alaska in 1994, following initial reports (in 1993) of their presence in Glacier Bay. Since 1995, the number of sea otters in Glacier Bay proper has increased from around 5 to more than 1500. Between 1993 and 1997 sea otters were apparently only occasional visitors to Glacier Bay, but in 1998 long-term residence was established as indicated by the presence of adult females and their dependent pups. Sea otter distribution is limited to the Lower Bay, south of Sandy Cove, and is not continuous within that area. Concentrations occur in the vicinity of Sita Reef and Boulder Island and between Pt. Carolus and Rush Pt. on the west side of the Bay (Figure 1). \r\n\r\nWe describe the diet of sea otters during 2001 in Glacier Bay based on visual observations of prey during 456 successful forage dives. In Glacier Bay, diet consisted of 62% clam, 15% mussel, 9% crab, 7% unidentified, 4& urchins, and 4% other. Most prey recovered by sea otters are commercially, socially, or ecologically important species. Species of clam include Saxidomus gigantea, Protothaca staminea, and Mya truncata. Urchins are primarily Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis and the mussel is Modiolus modiolus. Crabs include species of three genera: Cancer, Chinoecetes, and Telmessus. Although we characterize diet at broad geographic scales, we found diet to vary between sites separated by as little as several hundred meters. Dietary variation among and within sites can reflect differences in prey availability and individual specialization. \r\n\r\nWe estimated species composition, density, biomass, and sizes of subtidal clams, urchins, and mussels at 9 sites in lower Glacier Bay. All sites were selected based on the presence of abundant clam siphons. Sites were not selected to allow inference to any area larger than the sampling area (approx 400 m^2). Sites were selected to achieve a broad geographic sample of dense subtidal clam beds within Glacier Bay prior to occupation and foraging by sea otters. There was no direct evidence of otter foraging at any of our clam sampling sites. We sampled 11,568 bivalves representing 14 speces of clam and 2 species of mussel. We sampled 4,981 urchins, all Strongylocentrotus droeobachiensis. Only four species of clam (littleneck clams, Protothaca staminea; butter clams, Saxidomus gigantea; soft-shell claims, Mya truncata; and Macoma sp.) accounted for 91.6% of all clams sampled. Mean total clam density (#/0.25 m^2) across the 9 sites was 62.3. Densities (and se ) of P. staminea averaged 22.6 (1.6) and ranged from 0 to 97. Densities of S. gigantea averaged 14.4 (1.0) and ranged from 0 to 63. Densities of Macoma sp. averaged 14.5 (1.2) and ranged from 0 to 78. Densities of S. droebachiensis averaged 27.3 (1.7) and ranged from 0 to 109. Mean S. droebachiensis sizes ranged from 16 to 30 mm by site. Mean P. staminea sizes ranged from 30 to 53 mm, mean S. gigantea sizes ranged from 51 to 85 mm, and mean Macoma sp. sizes ranged from 14 to 19 mm. Although not the most abundant clam, S. gigantea contributed the greatest proportion to total clam biomass (63%), followed by P. staminea (24%).\r\n\r\nSea otters are now well established in limited areas of the lower portions of Glacier Bay. It is likely that distribution and numbers of sea otters will continue to increase in Glacier Bay in the near future. Glacier Bay supports large and diverse populations of clams that are largely unexploited by sea otters presently. It is predictable that the density and sizes of clam populations will decline in response to otter predation. This will result in fewer opportunities for human harvest, but will also trigger ecosystem level changes, as prey for other predators, such as octopus, sea stars, fishes, birds and mammals are modified. Sea ott","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., DeGroot, J., and Doherty, J., 2002, Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGroot, J.D.","contributorId":98844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGroot","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doherty, J.","contributorId":98425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1016310,"text":"1016310 - 2002 - American white pelican soaring flight times and altitudes relative to changes in thermal depth and intensity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1016310","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American white pelican soaring flight times and altitudes relative to changes in thermal depth and intensity","docAbstract":"We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Shannon, H., Young, G., Yates, M., Fuller, M.R., and Seegar, W., 2002, American white pelican soaring flight times and altitudes relative to changes in thermal depth and intensity: The Condor, v. 104, no. 3, p. 679-683.","productDescription":"p. 679-683","startPage":"679","endPage":"683","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6868cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shannon, H.D.","contributorId":30593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shannon","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, G.S.","contributorId":42569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yates, M.","contributorId":39750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seegar, W.","contributorId":29375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seegar","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000957,"text":"1000957 - 2002 - Field estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan chinook salmon from their prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T10:04:41","indexId":"1000957","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan chinook salmon from their prey","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chinook salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>) has been the predominant piscivore in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario since the 1970s, and therefore accurate quantification of its energy budget is needed for effective management of Great Lakes fisheries. A new approach of evaluating a fish bioenergetics model in the field involves field estimation of the efficiency with which the fish retains PCBs from its food. We used diet information, PCB determinations in both chinook salmon and their prey, and bioenergetics modeling to generate a field estimate of the efficiency with which Lake Michigan chinook salmon retain PCBs from their food. Our field estimate is the most reliable field estimate to date because (a) the estimate was based on a relatively high number (</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;= 142) of PCB determinations for chinook salmon from Wisconsin waters of Lake Michigan in 1985, (b) a relatively long time series (1978&minus;1988) of detailed observations on chinook salmon diet in Lake Michigan was available, and (c) the estimate incorporated new information from analyses of chinook salmon age and growth during the 1980s and 1990s in Lake Michigan. We estimated that chinook salmon from Lake Michigan retain 53% of the PCBs that are contained within their food.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es0206036","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., O’Connor, D.V., Stewart, D.J., Miller, M.A., and Masnado, R.G., 2002, Field estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan chinook salmon from their prey: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 23, p. 5029-5033, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0206036.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5029","endPage":"5033","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ade4b07f02db5c71d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, Daniel V.","contributorId":73950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Donald J.","contributorId":33660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Michael A.","contributorId":85920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masnado, Robert G.","contributorId":103238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masnado","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":96284,"text":"96284 - 2002 - An application of queuing theory to waterfowl migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T09:56:28","indexId":"96284","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"An application of queuing theory to waterfowl migration","docAbstract":"<p>There has always been great interest in the migration of waterfowl and other birds. We have applied queuing theory to modelling waterfowl migration, beginning with a prototype system for the Rocky Mountain Population of trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) in Western North America. The queuing model can be classified as a D/BB/28 system, and we describe the input sources, service mechanism, and network configuration of queues and servers. The intrinsic nature of queuing theory is to represent the spatial and temporal characteristics of entities and how they move, are placed in queues, and are serviced. The service mechanism in our system is an algorithm representing how swans move through the flyway based on seasonal life cycle events. The system uses an observed number of swans at each of 27 areas for a breeding season as input and simulates their distribution through four seasonal steps. The result is a simulated distribution of birds for the subsequent year's breeding season. The model was built as a multiagent system with one agent handling movement algorithms, with one facilitating user interface, and with one to seven agents representing specific geographic areas for which swan management interventions can be implemented. The many parallels in queuing model servers and service mechanisms with waterfowl management areas and annual life cycle events made the transfer of the theory to practical application straightforward.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrated assessment and decision support: Proceedings of the first biennial meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Environmental Modelling and Software Society","publisherLocation":"Manno","usgsCitation":"Sojda, R.S., Cornely, J.E., and Fredrickson, L.H., 2002, An application of queuing theory to waterfowl migration, chap. <i>of</i> Integrated assessment and decision support: Proceedings of the first biennial meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, v. 2, p. 232-238.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.iemss.org/iemss2002/proceedings/pdf/volume%20due/312_sojda.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.92822265625,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.92822265625,\n              45.42158812329091\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.7646484375,\n              45.42158812329091\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.7646484375,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.92822265625,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685749","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rizzoli, A.E.","contributorId":113184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzoli","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505691,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505690,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sojda, Richard S. sojda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard","email":"sojda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":299392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornely, John E.","contributorId":10863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornely","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, Leigh H.","contributorId":55874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024200,"text":"70024200 - 2002 - Comparison of subyearling fall chinook salmon's use of riprap revetments and unaltered habitats in Lake Wallula of the Columbia river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T15:21:47","indexId":"70024200","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of subyearling fall chinook salmon's use of riprap revetments and unaltered habitats in Lake Wallula of the Columbia river","docAbstract":"<p>Subyearling fall chinook salmon's Oncorhynchus tshawytscha use of unaltered and riprap habitats in Lake Wallula of the Columbia River was determined with point abundance data collected by electrofishing in May 1994 and 1995. We documented the presence or absence of subyearlings at 277 sample sites and collected physical habitat information at each site. Based on logistic regression, we found that the probability of fish presence was greater in unaltered shoreline habitats than in riprap habitats. Substrate size was the most important factor in determining fish presence, with dominant substrates larger than 256 mm having the lowest probability of fish presence. Water velocity, also included in our model due to its biological importance, was not a significant factor affecting presence or absence (P = 0.1102). The correct prediction rate of fish presence or absence in our sample sites using cross validation was 67%. Our model showed that substrate was the most important factor determining subyearling habitat use, but the model did not include other habitat variables known to be important to subyearlings in more diverse systems. We suggest that resource managers consider alternative methods of bank stabilization that are compatible with the habitat requirements of the fish that use them.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1283:COSFCS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Garland, R., Tiffan, K., Rondorf, D., and Clark, L., 2002, Comparison of subyearling fall chinook salmon's use of riprap revetments and unaltered habitats in Lake Wallula of the Columbia river: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1283-1289, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1283:COSFCS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1283","endPage":"1289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207083,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1283:COSFCS>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Wallula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.01969909667969,\n              46.19266555785523\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.03514862060548,\n              46.1850599046479\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00836944580078,\n              46.15248630414552\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00836944580078,\n              46.13773862635802\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9874267578125,\n              46.11441972281433\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.97129058837889,\n              46.089900439643465\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9815902709961,\n              46.02462129598765\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9321517944336,\n              46.02557483126793\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.90228271484374,\n              46.07751763011812\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.92528533935545,\n              46.15082144159971\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.95069122314453,\n              46.173887193507575\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01523590087889,\n              46.193853846104204\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01969909667969,\n              46.19266555785523\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f893e4b0c8380cd4d1c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garland, R.D.","contributorId":60806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, L.O.","contributorId":85745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"L.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024839,"text":"70024839 - 2002 - Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:24:31","indexId":"70024839","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America","docAbstract":"Three ancient impact craters (Chesapeake Bay - 35.7 Ma; Toms Canyon - 35.7 Ma; Montagnais - 51 Ma) and one multiring impact basin (Chicxulub - 65 Ma) are currently known to be buried beneath modern continental shelves. All occur on the passive Atlantic margin of North America in regions extensively explored by seismic reflection surveys in the search for oil and gas reserves. We limit our discussion herein to the three youngest structures. These craters were created by submarine impacts, which produced many structural and morphological features similar in construction, composition, and variability to those documented in well-preserved subaerial and planetary impact craters. The subcircular Chesapeake Bay (diameter 85 km) and ovate Montagnais (diameter 45-50 km) structures display outer-rim scarps, annular troughs, peak rings, inner basins, and central peaks similar to those incorporated in the widely cited conceptual model of complex impact craters. These craters differ in several respects from the model, however. For example, the Montagnais crater lacks a raised lip on the outer rim, the Chesapeake Bay crater displays only small remnants of a raised lip, and both craters contain an unusually thick body of impact breccia. The subtriangular Toms Canyon crater (diameter 20-22 km), on the other hand, contains none of the internal features of a complex crater, nor is it typical of a simple crater. It displays a prominent raised lip on the outer rim, but the lip is present only on the western side of the crater. In addition, each of these craters contains some distinct features, which are not present in one or both of the others. For example, the central peak at Montagnais rises well above the elevation of the outer rim, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the outer rim is higher than the central peak. The floor of the Toms Canyon crater is marked by parallel deep troughs and linear ridges formed of sedimentary rocks, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the crater floor contains concentric faults and compression ridges formed in rocks of the crystalline basement. The Chesapeake Bay crater is distinguished further by its cluster of at least 23 adjacent secondary craters. The North American tektite strewn field, a widespread deposit of distal ejecta, is thought to be derived from the Chesapeake Bay impact, perhaps with a small contribution from the Toms Canyon impact. No ejecta field is known to be associated with the Montagnais impact. No immediate major extinction event is directly linked to any of these three impacts. There is evidence, however, that the Chesapeake Bay and Toms Canyon impacts helped initiate a long-term pulse of warm global climate, whose eventual dissipation coincided with an early Oligocene mass extinction event, 2 Ma after the impacts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., Plescia, J.B., and Molzer, P., 2002, Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1081-1102, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1102","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8"},{"id":232787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf6e4b0c8380cd48fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plescia, J. B.","contributorId":15689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molzer, P.C.","contributorId":86514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molzer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024843,"text":"70024843 - 2002 - Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:37:33","indexId":"70024843","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water","docAbstract":"<p>Dimethenamid [2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] and flufenacet [N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl)oxy] were isolated by C-18 solid-phase extraction and separated from their ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) degradates during their elution using ethyl acetate for the parent compound, followed by methanol for the polar degradates. The parent compounds were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected-ion mode. The ESA and OXA degradates were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESPMS) in negative-ion mode. The method detection limits for a 123-mL sample ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 μg/L. These methods are compatible with existing methods and thus allow for analysis of 17 commonly used herbicides and 18 of their degradation compounds with one extraction. In a study of herbicide transport near the mouth of the Mississippi River during 1999 and 2000, dimethenamid and its ESA and OXA degradates were detected in surface water samples during the annual spring flushes. For flufenacet, the only detections at the study site were for the ESA degradates in samples collected at the peak of the herbicide spring flush in 2000. The low frequency of detections in surface water likely is due to dimethenamid and flufenacet being relatively new herbicides. In addition, detectable amounts of the stable degradates have not been detected in ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/jf010779b","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, L., Schneider, R., and Thurman, E., 2002, Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1045-1052, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010779b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1045","endPage":"1052","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010779b"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf4e4b0c8380cd48b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, R.J.","contributorId":97283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023833,"text":"70023833 - 2002 - A multiisotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:32:22","indexId":"70023833","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiisotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examine soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and transport using C and N isotopes in soil profiles sampled circa 1949, 1978, and 1998 (a period spanning pulse thermonuclear&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C enrichment of the atmosphere) along a 3‐million‐year annual grassland soil chronosequence. Temporal differences in soil Δ</span><sup>14</sup><span>C profiles indicate that inputs of recently living organic matter (OM) occur primarily in the upper 20–30 cm but suggest that OM inputs can occur below the primary rooting zone. A three‐pool SOM model with downward transport captures most observed variation in Δ</span><sup>14</sup><span>C, percentages of C and N, δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C, and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N, supporting the commonly accepted concept of three distinct SOM pools. The model suggests that the importance of the decadal SOM pool in N dynamics is greatest in young and old soils. Altered hydrology and possibly low pH and/or P dynamics in highly developed old soils cause changes in soil C and N turnover and transport of importance for soil biogeochemistry models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2001GB001823","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Baisden, W., Amundson, R., Brenner, D., Cook, A., Kendall, C., and Harden, J., 2002, A multiisotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 16, no. 4, p. 82-1-82-26, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001823.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"82-1","endPage":"82-26","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48de4b0c8380cd46703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baisden, W.T.","contributorId":22536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baisden","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amundson, Ronald","contributorId":59925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, D.L.","contributorId":68501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, A.C.","contributorId":43133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024984,"text":"70024984 - 2002 - Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024984","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate","docAbstract":"Radiative effects of anthropogenic changes in atmospheric composition are expected to cause climate changes, in particular an intensification of the global water cycle with a consequent increase in flood risk. But the detection of anthropogenically forced changes in flooding is difficult because of the substantial natural variability; the dependence of streamflow trends on flow regime further complicates the issue. Here we investigate the changes in risk of great floods - that is, floods with discharges exceeding 100-year levels from basins larger than 200,000 km2 - using both streamflow measurements and numerical simulations of the anthropogenic climate change associated with greenhouse gases and direct radiative effects of sulphate aerosols. We find that the frequency of great floods increased substantially during the twentieth century. The recent emergence of a statistically significant positive trend in risk of great floods is consistent with results from the climate model, and the model suggests that the trend will continue.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/415514a","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., Wetherald, R., Dunne, K., and Delworth, T., 2002, Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate: Nature, v. 415, no. 6871, p. 514-517, https://doi.org/10.1038/415514a.","startPage":"514","endPage":"517","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415514a"},{"id":233331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"415","issue":"6871","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a05e4b0c8380cd61b0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetherald, R.T.","contributorId":46717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherald","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delworth, T.L.","contributorId":56421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delworth","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023942,"text":"70023942 - 2002 - Conventional U-Pb dating versus SHRIMP of the Santa Barbara Granite Massif, Rondonia, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023942","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1776,"text":"Geologia USP - Serie Cientifica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conventional U-Pb dating versus SHRIMP of the Santa Barbara Granite Massif, Rondonia, Brazil","docAbstract":"The Santa Ba??rbara Granite Massif is part of the Younger Granites of Rondo??nia (998 - 974 Ma) and is included in the Rondo??nia Tin Province (SW Amazonian Craton). It comprises three highly fractionated metaluminous to peraluminous within-plate A-type granite units emplaced in older medium-grade metamorphic rocks. Sn-mineralization is closely associated with the late-stage unit. U-Pb monazite conventional dating of the early-stage Serra do Cicero facies and late-stage Serra Azul facies yielded ages of 993 ?? 5 Ma and 989 ?? 13 Ma, respectively. Conventional multigrain U-Pb isotope analyses of zircon demonstrate isotopic disturbance (discordance) and the preservation of inherited older zircons of several different ages and thus yield little about the ages of Sn-granite magmatism. SHRIMP U-Pb ages for the Santa Ba??rbara facies association yielded a 207Pb/206Pb weighted-mean age of 978 ?? 13 Ma. The textural complexity of the zircon crystals of the Santa Ba??rbara facies association, the variable concentrations of U, Th and Pb, as well as the mixed inheritance of zircon populations are major obstacles to using conventional multigrain U-Pb isotopic analyses. Sm-Nd model ages and ??Nd (T) values reveal anomalous isotopic data, attesting to the complex isotopic behaviour within these highly fractionated granites. Thus, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon and conventional U-Pb monazite dating methods are the most appropriate to constrain the crystallization age of the Sn-bearing granite systems in the Rondo??nia Tin Province.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologia USP - Serie Cientifica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1519874X","usgsCitation":"Sparrenberger, I., Bettencourt, J.S., Tosdal, R., and Wooden, J.L., 2002, Conventional U-Pb dating versus SHRIMP of the Santa Barbara Granite Massif, Rondonia, Brazil: Geologia USP - Serie Cientifica, v. 2, no. 1, p. 79-94.","startPage":"79","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd6e4b0c8380cd4dfcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparrenberger, I.","contributorId":51058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparrenberger","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettencourt, Jorge S.","contributorId":97269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettencourt","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024330,"text":"70024330 - 2002 - Seismic-reflection profiles of the central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system of western New York in relation to regional seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024330","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic-reflection profiles of the central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system of western New York in relation to regional seismicity","docAbstract":"Geological and geophysical research in upstate New York, with few exceptions, has not definitively associated seismicity with specific Proterozoic basement or Paleozoic bedrock structures. The central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system (CLFS) between Batavia and Dale, NY is one of those exceptions where seismicity has been studied and has been spatially associated with structure. The CLFS is either a complex system of long faults with associated shorter branches and parallel segments, or a region of many short faults aligned north-south from the Lake Ontario shore southward to Allegany County, NY. Interpretation of 38 km of Vibroseis and approximately 56 km of conventional seismic-reflection data along 13 lines suggests that the CLFS is a broad zone of small faults with small displacements in the lower Paleozoic bedrock section that is at least 77 km long and 7-17 km wide and spatially coincident with a northtrending geophysical (combined aeromagnetic and gravity) lineament within the basement. The relative offset across the faults of the system is more than 91 m near Attica, NY. The CLFS is the expression of tectonic crustal adjustments within the Paleozoic rock above the boundary of two basement megablocks of differing petrologic provinces and differing earthquake characteristics that forms the eastern side of the Elzevir-Frontenac boundary zone. Deep seismic-reflection profiles display concave-eastward listric faults that probably merge at depth near the mid-crustal boundary layer. An interpretive vertical section provides the setting for refined definitions of the CLFS, its extensions at depth and its relation to seismicity. Most modern seismicity in western New York and the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario occurs in apparent patterns of randomly dispersed activity. The sole exception is a line of seven epicenters of small earthquakes that trend east from Attica, NY into the Rochester basement megablock. Earthquakes may be triggered at the intersections of north- and east-trending brittle faults within the Niagara basement megablock. Current interpretations of the mechanisms for earthquake generation in western New York and the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario require conservative estimates of seismic hazards that assume that an earthquake the size of the 1929 Attica, NY, event (Mb = 5.2) or larger could occur anywhere in the Eastern Great Lakes Basin (EGLB). The broad zone of small-displacement faults that marks the CLFS in the lower Paleozoic sedimentary section and the uppermost basement may not provide the structural environment for generation of earthquakes in western New York. If this interpretation is correct, most seismicity is generated within the Niagara basement megablock beneath or west of the CLFS. Consequently, we may have to look to the deeper tectonic regime of basement megablocks to understand the distribution of modern seismicity in the EGLB. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00282-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Fakundiny, R., and Pomeroy, P., 2002, Seismic-reflection profiles of the central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system of western New York in relation to regional seismicity: Tectonophysics, v. 353, no. 1-4, p. 173-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00282-2.","startPage":"173","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00282-2"},{"id":231885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"353","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b82e4b08c986b3178ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fakundiny, R.H.","contributorId":82493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fakundiny","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pomeroy, P.W.","contributorId":82887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}