The National Park Service, in response to the growing evidence and awareness of the effects of climate change on federal lands, determined that monitoring wetland elevation change is a top priority in North Atlantic Coastal parks (Stevens et al, 2010). As a result, the NPS Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network (NCBN) in collaboration with colleagues from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have developed a protocol for monitoring wetland elevation change and other processes important for determining the viability of wetland communities. Although focused on North Atlantic Coastal parks, this document is applicable to all coastal and inland wetland regions. Wetlands exist within a narrow range of elevation which is influenced by local hydrologic conditions. For coastal wetlands in particular, local hydrologic conditions may be changing as sea levels continue to rise. As sea level rises, coastal wetland systems may respond by building elevation to maintain favorable hydrologic conditions for their survival. This protocol provides the reader with instructions and guidelines on designing a monitoring plan or study to: A) Quantify elevation change in wetlands with the Surface Elevation Table (SET). B) Understand the processes that influence elevation change, including vertical accretion (SET and Marker Horizon methods). C) Survey the wetland surface and SET mark to a common reference datum to allow for comparing sample stations to each other and to local tidal datums. D) Survey the SET mark to monitor its relative stability. This document is divided into two parts; the main body that presents an overview of all aspects of monitoring wetland elevation dynamics, and a collection of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that describes in detail how to perform or execute each step of the methodology. Detailed instruction on the installation, data collection, data management and analysis are provided in this report and associated SOP’s. A better understanding of these processes will help to determine the present and future viability of coastal wetlands managed by NPS and can help address measures that will ensure these communities exist into the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","collaboration":"National Park Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"James C. Lynch, Hensel, P., and Cahoon, D.R., 2015, The surface elevation table and marker horizon technique: A protocol for monitoring wetland elevation dynamics: Natural Resource Report NPS/NCBN/NRR—2015/1078, xviii., 62 p., SOP 1-1-10-3.","productDescription":"xviii., 62 p., SOP 1-1-10-3","ipdsId":"IP-070057","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365251,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2225005"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd3de4b0571647d19adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James C. Lynch","contributorId":150450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James C. Lynch","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensel, Phillippe","contributorId":150451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hensel","given":"Phillippe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179124,"text":"70179124 - 2015 - Geochemistry and origin of metamorphosed mafic rocks from the Lower Paleozoic Moretown and Cram Hill Formations of North-Central Vermont: Delamination magmatism in the western New England appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T14:39:51","indexId":"70179124","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and origin of metamorphosed mafic rocks from the Lower Paleozoic Moretown and Cram Hill Formations of North-Central Vermont: Delamination magmatism in the western New England appalachians","docAbstract":"The Moretown Formation, exposed as a north-trending unit that extends from northern Vermont to Connecticut, is located along a critical Appalachian litho-tectonic zone between the paleomargin of Laurentia and accreted oceanic terranes. Remnants of magmatic activity, in part preserved as metamorphosed mafic rocks in the Moretown Formation and the overlying Cram Hill Formation, are a key to further understanding the tectonic history of the northern Appalachians. Field relationships suggest that the metamorphosed mafic rocks might have formed during and after Taconian deformation, which occurred at ca. 470 to 460 Ma. Geochemistry indicates that the sampled metamorphosed mafic rocks were mostly basalts or basaltic andesites. The rocks have moderate TiO2 contents (1–2.5 wt %), are slightly enriched in the light-rare earth elements relative to the heavy rare earths, and have negative Nb-Ta anomalies in MORB-normalized extended rare earth element diagrams. Their chemistry is similar to compositions of basalts from western Pacific extensional basins near volcanic arcs. The metamorphosed mafic rocks of this study are similar in chemistry to both the pre-Silurian Mount Norris Intrusive Suite of northern Vermont, and also to some of Late Silurian rocks within the Lake Memphremagog Intrusive Suite, particularly the Comerford Intrusive Complex of Vermont and New Hampshire. Both suites may be represented among the samples of this study. The geochemistry of all samples indicates that parental magmas were generated in supra-subduction extensional environments during lithospheric delamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/09.2015.02","usgsCitation":"Coish, R., Kim, J., Twelker, E., Zolkos, S., and Walsh, G.J., 2015, Geochemistry and origin of metamorphosed mafic rocks from the Lower Paleozoic Moretown and Cram Hill Formations of North-Central Vermont: Delamination magmatism in the western New England appalachians: American Journal of Science, v. 315, no. 9, p. 809-845, https://doi.org/10.2475/09.2015.02.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"845","ipdsId":"IP-068938","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"315","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5879f5abe4b0847d353f44c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coish, Raymond","contributorId":177531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coish","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Jonathan","contributorId":10900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twelker, Evan","contributorId":178306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twelker","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zolkos, Scott P.","contributorId":103946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zolkos","given":"Scott P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175076,"text":"70175076 - 2015 - Growth responses of five desert plants as influenced by biological soil crusts from a temperate desert, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T14:01:33","indexId":"70175076","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1461,"text":"Ecological Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth responses of five desert plants as influenced by biological soil crusts from a temperate desert, China","docAbstract":"In almost all dryland systems, biological soil crusts (biocrusts) coexist alongside herbaceous and woody vegetation, creating landscape mosaics of vegetated and biocrusted patches. Results from past studies on the interaction between biocrusts and vascular plants have been contradictory. In the Gurbantunggut desert, a large temperate desert in northwestern China, well-developed lichen-dominated crusts dominate the areas at the base and between the sand dunes. We examined the influence of these lichen-dominated biocrusts on the germination, growth, biomass accumulation, and elemental content of five common plants in this desert: two shrubs (Haloxylon persicum, Ephedra distachya) and three herbaceous plants (Ceratocarpus arenarius, Malcolmia africana and Lappula semiglabra) under greenhouse conditions. The influence of biocrusts on seed germination was species-specific. Biocrusts did not affect percent germination in plants with smooth seeds, but inhibited germination of seeds with appendages that reduced or eliminated contact with the soil surface or prevented seeds from slipping into soil cracks. Once seeds had germinated, biocrusts had different influences on growth of shrub and herbaceous plants. The presence of biocrusts increased concentrations of nitrogen but did not affect phosphorus or potassium in tissue of all tested species, while the uptake of the other tested nutrients was species-specific. Our study showed that biocrusts can serve as a biological filter during seed germination and also can influence growth and elemental uptake. Therefore, they may be an important trigger for determining desert plant diversity and community composition in deserts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11284-015-1305-z","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., and Belnap, J., 2015, Growth responses of five desert plants as influenced by biological soil crusts from a temperate desert, China: Ecological Research, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1037-1045, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-015-1305-z.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1045","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068680","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-015-1305-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb0e4b0589fa1c980b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Yuanming","contributorId":173232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yuanming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27200,"text":"Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164389,"text":"70164389 - 2015 - Dreissenid mussel research priorities workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T12:02:03","indexId":"70164389","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dreissenid mussel research priorities workshop","docAbstract":"Currently, dreissenid mussels have yet to be detected in the northwestern part of the United States and western Canada. Infestation of one of the jurisdictions within the mussel-free Pacific Northwest would likely have significant economic, societal and environmental implications for the entire region. Understanding the biology and environmental tolerances of dreissenid mussels, and effectiveness of various management strategies, is key to prevention.
On November 4-5, 2015, the Aquatic Bioinvasion Research and Policy Institute and the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University, the US Geological Survey, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, convened a Dreissenid Mussel Research Priorities Workshop funded by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative. The purpose of the workshop was to review dreissenid research priorities in the 2010 Quagga-Zebra Mussel Action Plan for Western U.S. Waters, reassess those priorities, incorporate new information and emerging trends, and develop priorities to strategically focus research efforts on zebra and quagga mussels in the Pacific Northwest and ensure that future research is focused on the highest priorities. It is important to note that there is some repetition among dreissenid research priority categories (e.g., prevention, detection, control, monitoring, and biology).
Workshop participants with research experience in dreissenid mussel biology and management were identified by a literature review. State and federal agency managers were also invited to the workshop to ensure relevancy and practicality of the workshop outcomes. A total of 28 experts (see sidebar) in mussel biology, ecology, and management attended the workshop.
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change","docAbstract":"In the present period of rapid, worldwide change in climate and landuse (i.e., global change), successful biodiversity conservation warrants proactive management responses, especially for long-distance migratory species. However, the development and implementation of management strategies can be impeded by high levels of uncertainty and low levels of control over potentially impactful future events and their effects. Scenario planning and modeling are useful tools for expanding perspectives and informing decisions under these conditions. We coupled scenario planning and statistical modeling to explain and predict playa wetland inundation (i.e., presence/absence of water) and ponded area (i.e., extent of water) in the Rainwater Basin, an anthropogenically altered landscape that provides critical stopover habitat for migratory waterbirds. Inundation and ponded area models for total wetlands, those embedded in rowcrop fields, and those not embedded in rowcrop fields were trained and tested with wetland ponding data from 2004 and 2006–2009, and then used to make additional predictions under two alternative climate change scenarios for the year 2050, yielding a total of six predictive models and 18 prediction sets. Model performance ranged from moderate to good, with inundation models outperforming ponded area models, and models for non-rowcrop-embedded wetlands outperforming models for total wetlands and rowcrop-embedded wetlands. Model predictions indicate that if the temperature and precipitation changes assumed under our climate change scenarios occur, wetland stopover habitat availability in the Rainwater Basin could decrease in the future. The results of this and similar studies could be aggregated to increase knowledge about the potential spatial and temporal distributions of future stopover habitat along migration corridors, and to develop and prioritize multi-scale management actions aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of global change on migratory waterbird populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES15-00256.1","usgsCitation":"Uden, D.R., Allen, C.R., Bishop, A.A., Grosse, R., Jorgensen, C.F., LaGrange, T.G., Stutheit, R.G., and Vrtiska, M.P., 2015, Predictions of future ephemeral springtime waterbird stopover habitat availability under global change: Ecosphere, v. 6, no. 11, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES15-00256.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067091","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es15-00256.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Rainwater Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.77783203125,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -99.77783203125,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -99.77783203125,\n 40.22921818870117\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbec8e4b06458514aeed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uden, Daniel R.","contributorId":74258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uden","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, Andrew A.","contributorId":93323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosse, Roger","contributorId":166720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jorgensen, Christopher F.","contributorId":87444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaGrange, Theodore G.","contributorId":166721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaGrange","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stutheit, Randy G.","contributorId":166722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stutheit","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vrtiska, Mark P.","contributorId":54008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrtiska","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70186870,"text":"70186870 - 2015 - Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:34:17","indexId":"70186870","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions","docAbstract":"A comparison of the hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger volumes of crystalline rock was conducted in the Piedmont physiographic region near Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Fluid-injection tests were conducted on intervals of boreholes isolating closely spaced fractures. Single-hole tests were conducted by pumping in open boreholes for approximately 30 min, and an interference test was conducted by pumping a single borehole over 3 days while monitoring nearby boreholes. An estimate of the hydraulic conductivity of the rock over hundreds of meters was inferred from simulating groundwater inflow into a kilometer-long section of a Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority tunnel in the study area, and a groundwater modeling investigation over the Rock Creek watershed provided an estimate of the hydraulic conductivity over kilometers. The majority of groundwater flow is confined to relatively few fractures at a given location. Boreholes installed to depths of approximately 50 m have one or two highly transmissive fractures; the transmissivity of the remaining fractures ranges over five orders of magnitude. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger rock volumes varied by less than half an order of magnitude. While many investigations point to increasing hydraulic conductivity as a function of the measurement scale, a comparison with selected investigations shows that the effective hydraulic conductivity estimated over larger volumes of rock can either increase, decrease, or remain stable as a function of the measurement scale. Caution needs to be exhibited in characterizing effective hydraulic properties in fractured rock for the purposes of groundwater management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Ladderud, J., and Yager, R.M., 2015, Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1319-1339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1319","endPage":"1339","ipdsId":"IP-065461","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dace4b0eed1ab8e3be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ladderud, Jeffery","contributorId":190799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladderud","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187292,"text":"70187292 - 2015 - Decomposition of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T16:15:20","indexId":"70187292","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decomposition of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs","docAbstract":"Anadromous fishes serve as vectors of marine-derived nutrients into freshwaters that are incorporated into aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Pacific salmonines Oncorhynchus spp. exemplify the importance of migratory fish as links between marine and freshwater systems; however, little attention has been given to sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) in Atlantic coastal systems. A first step to understanding the role of sea lamprey in freshwater food webs is to characterize the composition and rate of nutrient inputs. We conducted laboratory and field studies characterizing the elemental composition and the decay rates and subsequent water enriching effects of sea lamprey carcasses. Proximate tissue analysis demonstrated lamprey carcass nitrogen:phosphorus ratios of 20.2:1 (±1.18 SE). In the laboratory, carcass decay resulted in liberation of phosphorus within 1 week and nitrogen within 3 weeks. Nutrient liberation was accelerated at higher temperatures. In a natural stream, carcass decomposition resulted in an exponential decline in biomass, and after 24 days, the proportion of initial biomass remaining was 27% (±3.0% SE). We provide quantitative results as to the temporal dynamics of sea lamprey carcass decomposition and subsequent nutrient liberation. These nutrient subsidies may arrive at a critical time to maximize enrichment of stream food webs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-015-2302-5","usgsCitation":"Weaver, D.M., Coghlan, S.M., Zydlewski, J.D., Hogg, R.S., and Canton, M., 2015, Decomposition of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs: Hydrobiologia, v. 760, no. 1, p. 57-67, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2302-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-061314","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"760","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030326e4b0e862d230f733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, Daniel M.","contributorId":145786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weaver","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coghlan, Stephen M. Jr.","contributorId":169678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coghlan","given":"Stephen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hogg, Robert S.","contributorId":169677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Canton, Michael","contributorId":191499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canton","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70160055,"text":"70160055 - 2015 - Fire activity as a function of fire–weather seasonal severity and antecedent climate across spatial scales in southern Europe and Pacific western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-10T09:12:15","indexId":"70160055","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire activity as a function of fire–weather seasonal severity and antecedent climate across spatial scales in southern Europe and Pacific western USA","docAbstract":"Climate has a strong influence on fire activity, varying across time and space. We analyzed the relationships between fire–weather conditions during the main fire season and antecedent water-balance conditions and fires in two Mediterranean-type regions with contrasted management histories: five southern countries of the European Union (EUMED)(all fires); the Pacific western coast of the USA (California and Oregon, PWUSA)(national forest fires). Total number of fires (≥1 ha), number of large fires (≥100 ha) and area burned were related to mean seasonal fire weather index (FWI), number of days over the 90th percentile of the FWI, and to the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) from the preceding 3 (spring) or 8 (autumn through spring) months. Calculations were made at three spatial aggregations in each area, and models related first-difference (year-to-year change) of fires and FWI/climate variables to minimize autocorrelation. An increase in mean seasonal FWI resulted in increases in the three fire variables across spatial scales in both regions. SPEI contributed little to explain fires, with few exceptions. Negative water-balance (dry) conditions from autumn through spring (SPEI8) were generally more important than positive conditions (moist) in spring (SPEI3), both of which contributed positively to fires. The R2 of the models generally improved with increasing area of aggregation. For total number of fires and area burned, the R2 of the models tended to decrease with increasing mean seasonal FWI. Thus, fires were more susceptible to change with climate variability in areas with less amenable conditions for fires (lower FWI) than in areas with higher mean FWI values. The relationships were similar in both regions, albeit weaker in PWUSA, probably due to the wider latitudinal gradient covered in PWUSA than in EUMED. The large variance explained by some of the models indicates that large-scale seasonal forecast could help anticipating fire activity in the investigated areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114013","usgsCitation":"Urbieta, I.R., Zavala, G., Bedia, J., Gutierrez, J.M., San Miguel-Ayanz, J., Camia, A., Keeley, J.E., and Moreno, J.M., 2015, Fire activity as a function of fire–weather seasonal severity and antecedent climate across spatial scales in southern Europe and Pacific western USA: Environmental Research Letters, v. 10, no. 11, art11431: 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114013.","productDescription":"art11431: 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059299","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114013","text":"Publisher Index 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Joaquin","contributorId":150460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bedia","given":"Joaquin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18030,"text":"Grupo de Meteorologia, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, U de Cantabria, Santander, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gutierrez, Jose M.","contributorId":150461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18031,"text":"G Meteorologia, I Fisica de Cantabria, U de Cantabria, Santander, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"San Miguel-Ayanz, Jesus","contributorId":150463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"San Miguel-Ayanz","given":"Jesus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18033,"text":"European Commission, JRC, I for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra Varese, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Camia, Andrea","contributorId":150462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camia","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18032,"text":"European Commission, Joint Research Centere, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra Varese, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moreno, Jose M.","contributorId":150464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moreno","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18029,"text":"D Ciencias Ambientales, U Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70189520,"text":"70189520 - 2015 - Photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury: the key role of thiol sites on dissolved organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:31:27","indexId":"70189520","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1566,"text":"Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury: the key role of thiol sites on dissolved organic matter","docAbstract":"This study examined the kinetics of photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury (MeHg+) attached to, or in the presence of, dissolved organic matter (DOM). Both Hg(II) and MeHg+ are principally bound to reduced sulfur groups associated with DOM in many freshwater systems. We propose that a direct photolysis mechanism is plausible for reduction of Hg(II) bound to reduced sulfur groups on DOM while an indirect mechanism is supported for photodemethylation of MeHg+ bound to DOM. UV spectra of Hg(II) and MeHg+ bound to thiol containing molecules demonstrate that the Hg(II)–S bond is capable of absorbing UV-light in the solar spectrum to a much greater extent than MeHg+–S bonds. Experiments with chemically distinct DOM isolates suggest that concentration of DOM matters little in the photochemistry if there are enough reduced S sites present to strongly bind MeHg+ and Hg(II); DOM concentration does not play a prominent role in photodemethylation other than to screen light, which was demonstrated in a field experiment in the highly colored St. Louis River where photodemethylation was not observed at depths ≥10 cm. Experiments with thiol ligands yielded slower photodegradation rates for MeHg+ than in experiments with DOM and thiols; rates in the presence of DOM alone were the fastest supporting an intra-DOM mechanism. Hg(II) photoreduction rates, however, were similar in experiments with only DOM, thiols plus DOM, or only thiols suggesting a direct photolysis mechanism. Quenching experiments also support the existence of an intra-DOM photodemethylation mechanism for MeHg+. Utilizing the difference in photodemethylation rates measured for MeHg+ attached to DOM or thiol ligands, the binding constant for MeHg+ attached to thiol groups on DOM was estimated to be 1016.7.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/C5EM00305A","usgsCitation":"Jeremiason, J.D., Portner, J.C., Aiken, G.R., Hiranaka, A.J., Dvorak, M.T., Tran, K.T., and Latch, D.E., 2015, Photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury: the key role of thiol sites on dissolved organic matter: Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts, v. 17, no. 11, p. 1892-1903, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EM00305A.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1892","endPage":"1903","ipdsId":"IP-069115","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82de4b0d1f9f060a19c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeremiason, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":7146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeremiason","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Portner, Joshua C.","contributorId":194678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portner","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiranaka, Amber J.","contributorId":194679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiranaka","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dvorak, Michelle T.","contributorId":194680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dvorak","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tran, Khuyen T.","contributorId":194681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tran","given":"Khuyen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Latch, Douglas E.","contributorId":194682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latch","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70186009,"text":"70186009 - 2015 - LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T18:27:34.728232","indexId":"70186009","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry","title":"LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry","docAbstract":"Rationale
Although laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) instrumentation is easy to use, its incorporation into laboratory operations is not easy, owing to extensive offline manipulation of comma-separated-values files for outlier detection, between-sample memory correction, nonlinearity (δ-variation with water amount) correction, drift correction, normalization to VSMOW-SLAP scales, and difficulty in performing long-term QA/QC audits.
Methods
A Microsoft Access relational-database application, LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System) for Lasers 2015, was developed. It automates LAS data corrections and manages clients, projects, samples, instrument-sample lists, and triple-isotope (δ17O, δ18O, and δ2H values) instrumental data for liquid-water samples. It enables users to (1) graphically evaluate sample injections for variable water yields and high isotope-delta variance; (2) correct for between-sample carryover, instrumental drift, and δ nonlinearity; and (3) normalize final results to VSMOW-SLAP scales.
Results
Cost-free LIMS for Lasers 2015 enables users to obtain improved δ17O, δ18O, and δ2H values with liquid-water LAS instruments, even those with under-performing syringes. For example, LAS δ2HVSMOW measurements of USGS50 Lake Kyoga (Uganda) water using an under-performing syringe having ±10 % variation in water concentration gave +31.7 ± 1.6 ‰ (2-σ standard deviation), compared with the reference value of +32.8 ± 0.4 ‰, after correction for variation in δ value with water concentration, between-sample memory, and normalization to the VSMOW-SLAP scale.
Conclusions
LIMS for Lasers 2015 enables users to create systematic, well-founded instrument templates, import δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O results, evaluate performance with automatic graphical plots, correct for δ nonlinearity due to variable water concentration, correct for between-sample memory, adjust for drift, perform VSMOW-SLAP normalization, and perform long-term QA/QC audits easily. Published in 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.7372","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., and Wassenaar, L.I., 2015, LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 29, no. 22, p. 2122-2130, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7372.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2122","endPage":"2130","ipdsId":"IP-052265","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"22","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1950e4b02ff32c699ca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenaar, Leonard I","contributorId":150277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wassenaar","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":17954,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189370,"text":"70189370 - 2015 - Effects and quantification of acid runoff from sulfide-bearing rock deposited during construction of Highway E18, Norway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:30:16","indexId":"70189370","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects and quantification of acid runoff from sulfide-bearing rock deposited during construction of Highway E18, Norway","docAbstract":"The Highway E18 between the cities of Grimstad and Kristiansand, southern Norway, constructed in the period 2006–2009, cuts through sulfide-bearing rock. The geology of this area is dominated by slowly-weathering gneiss and granites, and oxidation of fresh rock surfaces can result in acidification of surface water. Sulfide-containing rock waste from excavations during construction work was therefore deposited in three waste rock deposits off-site. The deposits consist of 630,000–2,360,000 metric tons of waste rock material. Shell sand and limestone gravel were added in layers in adequate amounts to mitigate initial acid runoff in one of the deposits. The shell sand addition was not adequate in the two others. The pH in the effluents from these two was reduced from 4.9–6.5 to 4.0–4.6, and Al concentrations increased from below 0.4 mg/L to 10–20 mg/L. Stream concentrations of trace metals increased by a factor of 25–400, highest for Ni, and then in decreasing order for Co, Mn, Cd, Zn and Cu. Concentrations of As, Cr and Fe remained unchanged. Ratios of Co/Ni and Cd/Zn indicate that the metal sources for these pair of metals are sphalerite and pyrite, respectively. Based on surveys and established critical limits for Al, surface waters downstream became toxic to fish and invertebrates. The sulfur release rates were remarkably stable in the monitoring period at all three sites. Annual sulfur release was 0.1–0.4% of the total amount of sulfur in the deposit, indicating release periods of 250–800 years. Precipitates of Al-hydroxysulfates, well-known from mining sites, were found at the base of the deposits, in streams and also along the ocean shore-line. The effects of added neutralization agents in the deposits and in treatment areas downstream gradually decreased, as indicated by reduced stream pH over time. Active measures are needed to avoid harmful ecological effects in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.016","usgsCitation":"Hindar, A., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2015, Effects and quantification of acid runoff from sulfide-bearing rock deposited during construction of Highway E18, Norway: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 150-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.016.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-057362","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2564292","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Norway","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673543e4b0d1f9f05dd7df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hindar, Atle","contributorId":194512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hindar","given":"Atle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185011,"text":"70185011 - 2015 - Accuracy assessment of NOAA gridded daily reference evapotranspiration for the Texas High Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T12:55:24","indexId":"70185011","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy assessment of NOAA gridded daily reference evapotranspiration for the Texas High Plains","docAbstract":"The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides daily reference evapotranspiration (ETref) maps for the contiguous United States using climatic data from North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). This data provides large-scale spatial representation of ETref, which is essential for regional scale water resources management. Data used in the development of NOAA daily ETref maps are derived from observations over surfaces that are different from short (grass — ETos) or tall (alfalfa — ETrs) reference crops, often in nonagricultural settings, which carries an unknown discrepancy between assumed and actual conditions. In this study, NOAA daily ETos and ETrs maps were evaluated for accuracy, using observed data from the Texas High Plains Evapotranspiration (TXHPET) network. Daily ETos, ETrs and the climatic data (air temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation) used for calculating ETref were extracted from the NOAA maps for TXHPET locations and compared against ground measurements on reference grass surfaces. NOAA ETrefmaps generally overestimated the TXHPET observations (1.4 and 2.2 mm/day ETos and ETrs, respectively), which may be attributed to errors in the NLDAS modeled air temperature and wind speed, to which reference ETref is most sensitive. Therefore, a bias correction to NLDAS modeled air temperature and wind speed data, or adjustment to the resulting NOAA ETref, may be needed to improve the accuracy of NOAA ETref maps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12303","usgsCitation":"Moorhead, J., Gowda, P.H., Hobbins, M., Senay, G., Paul, G., Marek, T., and Porter, D., 2015, Accuracy assessment of NOAA gridded daily reference evapotranspiration for the Texas High Plains: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1262-1271, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12303.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1262","endPage":"1271","ipdsId":"IP-063403","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"51","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90128e4b0849ce97abcf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moorhead, Jerry","contributorId":189262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moorhead","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gowda, Prasanna H.","contributorId":127439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gowda","given":"Prasanna","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobbins, Michael","contributorId":127605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbins","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7075,"text":"National Integrated Drought Information System, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paul, George","contributorId":189263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marek, Thomas","contributorId":189264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marek","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Porter, Dana","contributorId":189265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193647,"text":"70193647 - 2015 - North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T16:54:03","indexId":"70193647","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming","docAbstract":"Marine sediments from the North Pacific document two episodes of expansion and strengthening of the subsurface oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) accompanied by seafloor hypoxia during the last deglacial transition1, 2, 3, 4. The mechanisms driving this hypoxia remain under debate1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. We present a new high-resolution alkenone palaeotemperature reconstruction from the Gulf of Alaska that reveals two abrupt warming events of 4–5 degrees Celsius at the onset of the Bølling and Holocene intervals that coincide with sudden shifts to hypoxia at intermediate depths. The presence of diatomaceous laminations and hypoxia-tolerant benthic foraminiferal species, peaks in redox-sensitive trace metals12, 13, and enhanced 15N/14N ratio of organic matter13, collectively suggest association with high export production. A decrease in 18O/16O values of benthic foraminifera accompanying the most severe deoxygenation event indicates subsurface warming of up to about 2 degrees Celsius. We infer that abrupt warming triggered expansion of the North Pacific OMZ through reduced oxygen solubility and increased marine productivity via physiological effects; following initiation of hypoxia, remobilization of iron from hypoxic sediments could have provided a positive feedback on ocean deoxygenation through increased nutrient utilization and carbon export. Such a biogeochemical amplification process implies high sensitivity of OMZ expansion to warming.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature15753","usgsCitation":"Praetorius, S.K., Mix, A.C., Davies, M.H., Wolhowe, M.D., Addison, J.A., and Prahl, F.G., 2015, North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming: Nature, v. 527, no. 7578, p. 362-366, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15753.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"366","ipdsId":"IP-065883","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"527","issue":"7578","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea7e4b0531197b27f91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Praetorius, Summer K","contributorId":199679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Praetorius","given":"Summer","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mix, Alan C.","contributorId":199680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mix","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davies, Maureen H.","contributorId":199681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davies","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolhowe, Matthew D","contributorId":199682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolhowe","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prahl, Frederick G","contributorId":199683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prahl","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192848,"text":"70192848 - 2015 - The Open Water Data Initiative: Water information for a thirsty nation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:34:15","indexId":"70192848","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3720,"text":"Water Resources Impact","printIssn":"1522-3175","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Open Water Data Initiative: Water information for a thirsty nation","docAbstract":"Initial efforts of the Open Water Data Initiative have focused on three use cases covering flooding, drought, and contaminant spill response, with a goal of identifying critical water data resources and making them more accessible. Significant progress has been made in the past year, although much remains to be done.
","language":"English","publisher":"AWRA","usgsCitation":"Rea, A., Clark, E., Adams, A., and Samuels, W.B., 2015, The Open Water Data Initiative: Water information for a thirsty nation: Water Resources Impact, v. 17, no. 6, p. 7-10.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-068712","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe57e4b06e28e9c252ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rea, Alan ahrea@usgs.gov","contributorId":198813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","email":"ahrea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Edward","contributorId":198814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Angela","contributorId":198815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuels, William B.","contributorId":198816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samuels","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147802,"text":"70147802 - 2015 - Landsat Science Team meeting: Winter 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-21T15:47:52","indexId":"70147802","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3555,"text":"The Earth Observer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat Science Team meeting: Winter 2015","docAbstract":"The summer meeting of the joint U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)–NASA Landsat Science Team (LST) was held at the USGS’s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center July 7-9, 2015, in Sioux Falls, SD. The LST co-chairs, Tom Loveland [EROS—Senior Scientist] and Jim Irons [NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)—Landsat 8 Project Scientist], opened the three-day meeting on an upbeat note following the recent successful launch of the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 mission on June 23, 2015 (see image on page 14), and the news that work on Landsat 9 has begun, with a projected launch date of 2023.
With over 60 participants in attendance, this was the largest LST meeting ever held. Meeting topics on the first day included Sustainable Land Imaging and Landsat 9 development, Landsat 7 and 8 operations and data archiving, the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) stray-light issue, and the successful Sentinel-2 launch. In addition, on days two and three the LST members presented updates on their Landsat science and applications research. All presentations are available at landsat.usgs.gov/science_LST_Team_ Meetings.php.
","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, T.A., Loveland, T., Wulder, M.A., and Irons, J.R., 2015, Landsat Science Team meeting: Winter 2015: The Earth Observer, v. 27, no. 6, p. 12-17.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-065489","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://eospso.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/eo_pdfs/Nov%20Dec%202015_508_col.pdf"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a4ee4b0c3010a8087d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Todd A. taschroeder@fs.fed.us","contributorId":190802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Todd","email":"taschroeder@fs.fed.us","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wulder, Michael A.","contributorId":103584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irons, James R.","contributorId":59284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irons","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193040,"text":"70193040 - 2015 - Now hiring! Empirically testing a three-step intervention to increase faculty gender diversity in STEM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T16:49:46","indexId":"70193040","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Now hiring! Empirically testing a three-step intervention to increase faculty gender diversity in STEM","docAbstract":"Workforce homogeneity limits creativity, discovery, and job satisfaction; nonetheless, the vast majority of university faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are men. We conducted a randomized and controlled three-step faculty search intervention based in self-determination theory aimed at increasing the number of women faculty in STEM at one US university where increasing diversity had historically proved elusive. Results show that the numbers of women candidates considered for and offered tenure-track positions were significantly higher in the intervention groups compared with those in controls. Searches in the intervention were 6.3 times more likely to make an offer to a woman candidate, and women who were made an offer were 5.8 times more likely to accept the offer from an intervention search. Although the focus was on increasing women faculty within STEM, the intervention can be adapted to other scientific and academic communities to advance diversity along any dimension.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biv138","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.L., Handley, I.M., Zale, A.V., Rushing, S., and Potvin, M.A., 2015, Now hiring! Empirically testing a three-step intervention to increase faculty gender diversity in STEM: BioScience, v. 65, no. 11, p. 1084-1087, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv138.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1084","endPage":"1087","ipdsId":"IP-059205","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv138","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb2ae4b09af898c8ccc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jessi L.","contributorId":200044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jessi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handley, Ian M.","contributorId":200045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Handley","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rushing, Sara","contributorId":200046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rushing","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Potvin, Martha A.","contributorId":200047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potvin","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173437,"text":"70173437 - 2015 - Density of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in relation to energy development in the Green River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T16:42:07","indexId":"70173437","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in relation to energy development in the Green River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Exploration and extraction of oil and natural gas have increased in recent years and are expected to expand in the future. Reduction in water quality from energy extraction may negatively affect water supply for agriculture and urban use within catchments as well as down river. We used non-invasive genetic techniques and capture–recapture modeling to estimate the abundance and density of North American river otters (Lontra canadensis), a sentinel species of aquatic ecosystems, in Southwestern Wyoming. While densities in two of three river reaches were similar to those reported in other freshwater systems in the western US (1.45–2.39 km per otter), otters appeared to avoid areas near energy development. We found no strong difference in habitat variables, such as overstory cover, at the site or reach level. Also, fish abundance was similar among the three river reaches. Otter activity in our study area could have been affected by elevated levels of disturbance surrounding the industrial gas fields, and by potential surface water contamination as indicated by patterns in water conductivity. Continued monitoring of surface water quality in Southwestern Wyoming with the aid of continuously recording devices and sentinel species is warranted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.058","usgsCitation":"Godwin, B., Albeke, S., Bergman, H., Walters, A.W., and Ben-David, M., 2015, Density of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in relation to energy development in the Green River Basin, Wyoming: Science of the Total Environment, v. 532, p. 780-790, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.058.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"780","endPage":"790","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060619","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Green River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.73556518554688,\n 42.703632059618045\n ],\n [\n -109.8193359375,\n 42.67536823702857\n ],\n [\n -109.90859985351561,\n 42.62385465855651\n ],\n [\n -110.07064819335938,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -110.14068603515625,\n 42.48728928565912\n ],\n [\n -110.12763977050781,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -110.14892578125,\n 42.36158819524629\n ],\n [\n -110.2313232421875,\n 42.259016415705766\n ],\n [\n -110.20111083984375,\n 42.18579390537848\n ],\n [\n -110.20523071289061,\n 42.12674735753131\n ],\n [\n -110.14892578125,\n 41.98603585974727\n ],\n [\n -109.92095947265625,\n 41.90636538970964\n ],\n [\n -109.77539062499999,\n 41.72828028223453\n ],\n [\n -109.5391845703125,\n 41.45301999377133\n ],\n [\n -109.54193115234374,\n 41.3500103516271\n ],\n [\n -109.4073486328125,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -109.28375244140625,\n 41.413895564677304\n ],\n [\n -109.5611572265625,\n 41.84910468610387\n ],\n [\n -110.04180908203124,\n 42.338244963350846\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 42.559149812115876\n ],\n [\n -109.6490478515625,\n 42.68041629144619\n ],\n [\n -109.73556518554688,\n 42.703632059618045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"532","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb3e4b07657d19ba761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godwin, B.L.","contributorId":172057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godwin","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albeke, S.E.","contributorId":172058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albeke","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergman, H.L.","contributorId":73553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ben-David, M.","contributorId":11563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-David","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170064,"text":"70170064 - 2015 - Earthquake rupture process recreated from a natural fault surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T09:52:02","indexId":"70170064","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake rupture process recreated from a natural fault surface","docAbstract":"What exactly happens on the rupture surface as an earthquake nucleates, spreads, and stops? We cannot observe this directly, and models depend on assumptions about physical conditions and geometry at depth. We thus measure a natural fault surface and use its 3D coordinates to construct a replica at 0.1 m resolution to obviate geometry uncertainty. We can recreate stick-slip behavior on the resulting finite element model that depends solely on observed fault geometry. We clamp the fault together and apply steady state tectonic stress until seismic slip initiates and terminates. Our recreated M~1 earthquake initiates at contact points where there are steep surface gradients because infinitesimal lateral displacements reduce clamping stress most efficiently there. Unclamping enables accelerating slip to spread across the surface, but the fault soon jams up because its uneven, anisotropic shape begins to juxtapose new high-relief sticking points. These contacts would ultimately need to be sheared off or strongly deformed before another similar earthquake could occur. Our model shows that an important role is played by fault-wall geometry, though we do not include effects of varying fluid pressure or exotic rheologies on the fault surfaces. We extrapolate our results to large fault systems using observed self-similarity properties, and suggest that larger ruptures might begin and end in a similar way, though the scale of geometrical variation in fault shape that can arrest a rupture necessarily scales with magnitude. In other words, fault segmentation may be a magnitude dependent phenomenon and could vary with each subsequent rupture.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012448","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., and Minasian, D.L., 2015, Earthquake rupture process recreated from a natural fault surface: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 120, no. 11, p. 7852-7862, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012448.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"7852","endPage":"7862","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070265","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012448","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572485f6e4b0b13d39159416","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minasian, Diane L. dminasian@usgs.gov","contributorId":3232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"Diane","email":"dminasian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159857,"text":"70159857 - 2015 - Further assessment of Monkeypox Virus infection in Gambian pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) using in vivo bioluminescent imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T11:15:52","indexId":"70159857","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-30T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5023,"text":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further assessment of Monkeypox Virus infection in Gambian pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) using in vivo bioluminescent imaging","docAbstract":"Monkeypox is a zoonosis clinically similar to smallpox in humans. Recent evidence has shown a potential risk of increased incidence in central Africa. Despite attempts to isolate the virus from wild rodents and other small mammals, no reservoir host has been identified. In 2003,Monkeypox virus (MPXV) was accidentally introduced into the U.S. via the pet trade and was associated with the Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus). Therefore, we investigated the potential reservoir competence of the Gambian pouched rat for MPXV by utilizing a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods. We inoculated three animals by the intradermal route and three animals by the intranasal route, with one mock-infected control for each route. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) was used to track replicating virus in infected animals and virological assays (e.g. real time PCR, cell culture) were used to determine viral load in blood, urine, ocular, nasal, oral, and rectal swabs. Intradermal inoculation resulted in clinical signs of monkeypox infection in two of three animals. One severely ill animal was euthanized and the other affected animal recovered. In contrast, intranasal inoculation resulted in subclinical infection in all three animals. All animals, regardless of apparent or inapparent infection, shed virus in oral and nasal secretions. Additionally, BLI identified viral replication in the skin without grossly visible lesions. These results suggest that Gambian pouched rats may play an important role in transmission of the virus to humans, as they are hunted for consumption and it is possible for MPXV-infected pouched rats to shed infectious virus without displaying overt clinical signs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0004130","usgsCitation":"Falendysz, E., Lopera, J.G., Faye Lorenzsonn, Salzer, J.S., Hutson, C.L., Doty, J., Gallardo-Romero, N., Carroll, D., Osorio, J., and Rocke, T.E., 2015, Further assessment of Monkeypox Virus infection in Gambian pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) using in vivo bioluminescent imaging: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004130.","productDescription":"19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066100","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004130","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbd7e4b06a3ea36c8b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falendysz, Elizabeth 0000-0003-2895-8918 efalendysz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-8918","contributorId":127751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falendysz","given":"Elizabeth","email":"efalendysz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopera, Juan G.","contributorId":7574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopera","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faye Lorenzsonn","contributorId":150100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faye Lorenzsonn","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salzer, Johanna S.","contributorId":150382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salzer","given":"Johanna","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16974,"text":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hutson, Christina L.","contributorId":150102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutson","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doty, Jeffrey","contributorId":150103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doty","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gallardo-Romero, Nadia","contributorId":150104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallardo-Romero","given":"Nadia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carroll, Darin S.","contributorId":150113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Darin S.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Osorio, Jorge E.","contributorId":50392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"Jorge E.","affiliations":[{"id":13052,"text":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70159858,"text":"70159858 - 2015 - Laboratory investigations of African Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) as a potential reservoir host species for Monkeypox Virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T11:15:03","indexId":"70159858","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-30T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5023,"text":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory investigations of African Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) as a potential reservoir host species for Monkeypox Virus","docAbstract":"Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease endemic to central and western Africa, where it is a major public health concern. Although Monkeypox virus (MPXV) and monkeypox disease in humans have been well characterized, little is known about its natural history, or its maintenance in animal populations of sylvatic reservoir(s). In 2003, several species of rodents imported from Ghana were involved in a monkeypox outbreak in the United States with individuals of three African rodent genera (Cricetomys, Graphiurus, Funisciurus) shown to be infected with MPXV. Here, we examine the course of MPXV infection in Cricetomys gambianus (pouched Gambian rats) and this rodent species’ competence as a host for the virus. We obtained ten Gambian rats from an introduced colony in Grassy Key, Florida and infected eight of these via scarification with a challenge dose of 4X104 plaque forming units (pfu) from either of the two primary clades of MPXV: Congo Basin (C-MPXV: n = 4) or West African (W-MPXV: n = 4); an additional 2 animals served as PBS controls. Viral shedding and the effect of infection on activity and physiological aspects of the animals were measured. MPXV challenged animals had significantly higher core body temperatures, reduced activity and increased weight loss than PBS controls. Viable virus was found in samples taken from animals in both experimental groups (C-MPXV and W-MPXV) between 3 and 27 days post infection (p.i.) (up to 1X108pfu/ml), with viral DNA found until day 56 p.i. The results from this work show that Cricetomys gambianus (and by inference, probably the closely related species, Cricetomys emini) can be infected with MPXV and shed viable virus particles; thus suggesting that these animals may be involved in the maintenance of MPXV in wildlife mammalian populations. More research is needed to elucidate the epidemiology of MPXV and the role of Gambian rats and other species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0004013","usgsCitation":"Hutson, C.L., Nakazawa, Y.J., Self, J., Olson, V.A., Regnery, R.L., Braden, Z., Weiss, S., Malekani, J., Jackson, E., Tate, M., Karem, K.L., Rocke, T.E., Osorio, J., Damon, I.K., and Carroll, D., 2015, Laboratory investigations of African Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) as a potential reservoir host species for Monkeypox Virus: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004013.","productDescription":"20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066058","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004013","text":"Publisher Index 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Zachary","contributorId":150109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braden","given":"Zachary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weiss, Sonja","contributorId":150118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiss","given":"Sonja","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Malekani, Jean","contributorId":150110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malekani","given":"Jean","affiliations":[{"id":17915,"text":"Univ. of Kinshasa, DRC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jackson, Eddie","contributorId":150119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Eddie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tate, Mallory","contributorId":150120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tate","given":"Mallory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Karem, Kevin L.","contributorId":150111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karem","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Osorio, Jorge E.","contributorId":50392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"Jorge E.","affiliations":[{"id":13052,"text":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Damon, Inger K.","contributorId":150112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Damon","given":"Inger","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Carroll, Darin S.","contributorId":150113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Darin S.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70159422,"text":"70159422 - 2015 - Marsh canopy leaf area and orientation calculated for improved marsh structure mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:30:47","indexId":"70159422","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marsh canopy leaf area and orientation calculated for improved marsh structure mapping","docAbstract":"An approach is presented for producing the spatiotemporal estimation of leaf area index (LAI) of a highly heterogeneous coastal marsh without reliance on user estimates of marsh leaf-stem orientation. The canopy LAI profile derivation used three years of field measured photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) vertical profiles at seven S. alterniflora marsh sites and iterative transform of those PAR attenuation profiles to best-fit light extinction coefficients (KM). KM sun zenith dependency was removed obtaining the leaf angle distribution (LAD) representing the average marsh orientation and the LAD used to calculate the LAI canopy profile. LAI and LAD reproduced measured PAR profiles with 99% accuracy and corresponded to field documented structures. LAI and LAD better reflect marsh structure and results substantiate the need to account for marsh orientation. The structure indexes are directly amenable to remote sensing spatiotemporal mapping and offer a more meaningful representation of wetland systems promoting biophysical function understanding.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.81.10.807","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E.W., Rangoonwala, A., Jones, C.E., and Bannister, T., 2015, Marsh canopy leaf area and orientation calculated for improved marsh structure mapping: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 81, no. 10, p. 807-816, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.81.10.807.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"816","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061319","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.81.10.807","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333585e4b048076347ee9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796 ramseye@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":2883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah","suffix":"III","email":"ramseye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rangoonwala, Amina 0000-0002-0556-0598 rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":3455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwala","given":"Amina","email":"rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Cathleen E.","contributorId":11890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Cathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bannister, Terri","contributorId":82836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannister","given":"Terri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159427,"text":"70159427 - 2015 - Developing a workflow to identify inconsistencies in volunteered geographic information: a phenological case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T09:07:29","indexId":"70159427","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a workflow to identify inconsistencies in volunteered geographic information: a phenological case study","docAbstract":"Recent improvements in online information communication and mobile location-aware technologies have led to the production of large volumes of volunteered geographic information. Widespread, large-scale efforts by volunteers to collect data can inform and drive scientific advances in diverse fields, including ecology and climatology. Traditional workflows to check the quality of such volunteered information can be costly and time consuming as they heavily rely on human interventions. However, identifying factors that can influence data quality, such as inconsistency, is crucial when these data are used in modeling and decision-making frameworks. Recently developed workflows use simple statistical approaches that assume that the majority of the information is consistent. However, this assumption is not generalizable, and ignores underlying geographic and environmental contextual variability that may explain apparent inconsistencies. Here we describe an automated workflow to check inconsistency based on the availability of contextual environmental information for sampling locations. The workflow consists of three steps: (1) dimensionality reduction to facilitate further analysis and interpretation of results, (2) model-based clustering to group observations according to their contextual conditions, and (3) identification of inconsistent observations within each cluster. The workflow was applied to volunteered observations of flowering in common and cloned lilac plants (Syringa vulgaris and Syringa x chinensis) in the United States for the period 1980 to 2013. About 97% of the observations for both common and cloned lilacs were flagged as consistent, indicating that volunteers provided reliable information for this case study. Relative to the original dataset, the exclusion of inconsistent observations changed the apparent rate of change in lilac bloom dates by two days per decade, indicating the importance of inconsistency checking as a key step in data quality assessment for volunteered geographic information. Initiatives that leverage volunteered geographic information can adapt this workflow to improve the quality of their datasets and the robustness of their scientific analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0140811","usgsCitation":"Mehdipoor, H., Zurita-Milla, R., Rosemartin, A., Gerst, K., and Weltzin, J., 2015, Developing a workflow to identify inconsistencies in volunteered geographic information: a phenological case study: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 10, e0140811: 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140811.","productDescription":"e0140811: 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065123","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140811","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333584e4b048076347ee9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehdipoor, Hamed","contributorId":146212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mehdipoor","given":"Hamed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16630,"text":"Department of Geo-Information Processing, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zurita-Milla, Raul","contributorId":146213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zurita-Milla","given":"Raul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16630,"text":"Department of Geo-Information Processing, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosemartin, Alyssa","contributorId":29766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemartin","given":"Alyssa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerst, Katharine L.","contributorId":29739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerst","given":"Katharine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F. jweltzin@usgs.gov","contributorId":149476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70158668,"text":"sir20155144 - 2015 - Concentration comparison of selected constituents between groundwater samples collected within the Missouri River alluvial aquifer using purge and pump and grab-sampling methods, near the city of Independence, Missouri, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:37:53","indexId":"sir20155144","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5144","title":"Concentration comparison of selected constituents between groundwater samples collected within the Missouri River alluvial aquifer using purge and pump and grab-sampling methods, near the city of Independence, Missouri, 2013","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Department, has historically collected water-quality samples using the purge and pump method (hereafter referred to as pump method) to identify potential contamination in groundwater supply wells within the Independence well field. If grab sample results are comparable to the pump method, grab samplers may reduce time, labor, and overall cost. This study was designed to compare constituent concentrations between samples collected within the Independence well field using the pump method and the grab method.
\nRelative percent differences between environmental grab and duplicate grab samples were greater than 10 percent for 80 percent of the constituents. Duplicate grab samples were collected by tethering two grab samplers together, because the amount of water collected by each grab sampler is close to the amount necessary for analysis. The screened interval lengths of monitoring wells within the Independence well field is not conducive to collecting multiple grab samples by tethering samplers. The inability to collect required duplicate quality assurance samples may limit the use of grab samplers.
\nConcentrations between pump and grab samples were similar for analyzed nutrient species, the variability between methods was less than the variability between historical duplicate samples, and there were no significant differences determined. Major ion relative percent differences were less than 10 percent and root mean square error differences between methods and between historical duplicate samples were less than 1 milligram per liter with the exception of sulfate. Statistically significant differences were determined between pump and grab samples for sodium and fluoride. There is a strong association between major ion pump and grab samples based on bivariate plots and simple linear regressions. Variability between pump and grab samples of analyzed nutrients and major ions may have minimal effect on the ability to monitor temporal changes and potential groundwater contamination threats.
\nRelative percent differences between methods were greater than 10 percent for most analyzed trace elements. Barium, cobalt, manganese, and boron had concentrations that were significantly different between sampling methods. Barium, molybdenum, boron, and uranium method concentrations indicate a close association between pump and grab samples based on bivariate plots and simple linear regressions. Grab sample concentrations were generally larger than pump concentrations for these elements and may be because of using a larger pore sized filter for grab samples. Analysis of zinc blank samples suggests zinc contamination in filtered grab samples. Variations of analyzed trace elements between pump and grab samples could reduce the ability to monitor temporal changes and potential groundwater contamination threats. The degree of precision necessary for monitoring potential groundwater threats and application objectives need to be considered when determining acceptable variation amounts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Department","usgsCitation":"Krempa, H.M., 2015, Concentration comparison of selected constituents between groundwater samples collected within the Missouri River alluvial aquifer using purge and pump and grab-sampling methods, near the City of\nIndependence, Missouri, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations report 2015–5144, 19 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155144.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066496","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science 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Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
http://mo.water.usgs.gov/
Adaptation to different thermal environments has the potential to cause evolutionary changes that are sufficient to drive ecological speciation. Here, we examine whether climate-based niche divergence in lizards of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex is consistent with the outcomes of such a process. Previous work on this group shows that a mechanical sexual barrier has evolved between species that differ mainly in body size and that the barrier may be a by-product of selection for increased body size in lineages that have invaded xeric environments; however, baseline information on niche divergence among members of the group is lacking. We quantified the climatic niche using mechanistic physiological and correlative niche models and then estimated niche differences among species using ordination techniques and tests of niche overlap and equivalency. Our results show that the thermal niches of size-divergent, reproductively isolated morphospecies are significantly differentiated and that precipitation may have been as important as temperature in causing increased shifts in body size in xeric habitats. While these findings alone do not demonstrate thermal adaptation or identify the cause of speciation, their integration with earlier genetic and behavioral studies provides a useful test of phenotype–environment associations that further support the case for ecological speciation in these lizards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1610","usgsCitation":"Wogan, G.O., and Richmond, J.Q., 2015, Niche divergence builds the case for ecological speciation in skinks of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 20, p. 4683-4695, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1610.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4683","endPage":"4695","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066537","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1610","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333585e4b048076347eea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wogan, Guinevere O.U.","contributorId":149463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wogan","given":"Guinevere","email":"","middleInitial":"O.U.","affiliations":[{"id":17743,"text":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159437,"text":"70159437 - 2015 - Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:42:12","indexId":"70159437","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades","docAbstract":"Carbon cycling in mangrove forests represents a significant portion of the coastal wetland carbon (C) budget across the latitudes of the tropics and subtropics. Previous research suggests fluctuations in tidal inundation, temperature and salinity can influence forest metabolism and C cycling. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from respiration that occurs from below the canopy is contributed from different components. In this study, we investigated variation in CO2 flux among different below-canopy components (soil, leaf litter, course woody debris, soil including pneumatophores, prop roots, and surface water) in a riverine mangrove forest of Shark River Slough estuary, Everglades National Park (Florida, USA). The range in CO2 flux from different components exceeded that measured among sites along the oligohaline-saline gradient. Black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) pneumatophores contributed the largest average CO2 flux. Over a narrow range of estuarine salinity (25–35 practical salinity units (PSU)), increased salinity resulted in lower CO2 flux to the atmosphere. Tidal inundation reduced soil CO2 flux overall but increased the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) observed in the overlying surface water upon flooding. Higher pCO2 in surface water is then subject to tidally driven export, largely as HCO3. Integration and scaling of CO2 flux rates to forest scale allowed for improved understanding of the relative contribution of different below-canopy components to mangrove forest ecosystem respiration (ER). Summing component CO2fluxes suggests a more significant contribution of below-canopy respiration to ER than previously considered. An understanding of below-canopy CO2 component fluxes and their contributions to ER can help to elucidate how C cycling will change with discrete disturbance events (e.g., hurricanes) and long-term change, including sea-level rise, and potential impact mangrove forests. As such, key controls on below-canopy ER must be taken into consideration when developing and modeling mangrove forest C budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012","usgsCitation":"Troxler, T.G., Barr, J.G., Fuentes, J.D., Engel, V.C., Anderson, G.H., Sanchez, C., Lagomosino, D., Price, R., and Davis, S., 2015, Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 213, p. 273-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059705","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471698,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Shark River Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 24.886436490787688\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 26.165298896316042\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.165298896316042\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 24.886436490787688\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 24.886436490787688\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"213","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333581e4b048076347ee97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troxler, Tiffany G.","contributorId":140212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troxler","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, Jordan G.","contributorId":85809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13531,"text":"South Florida Natural Resource Center, Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuentes, Jose D.","contributorId":97231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engel, Victor C. 0000-0002-3858-7308 vengel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":2329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Victor","email":"vengel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Gordon H. 0000-0003-1675-8329 gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-8329","contributorId":2771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gordon","email":"gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanchez, Christopher","contributorId":149511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17759,"text":"Univ. of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lagomosino, David","contributorId":149512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lagomosino","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Price, Rene","contributorId":149513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Rene","affiliations":[{"id":17760,"text":"Florida International Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Davis, Stephen E.","contributorId":73494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Stephen E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}