{"pageNumber":"1147","pageRowStart":"28650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":4981,"text":"fs01400 - 2000 - Monitoring The Water Quality of the Nation's Large Rivers Colorado River NASQAN Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"fs01400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"014-00","title":"Monitoring The Water Quality of the Nation's Large Rivers Colorado River NASQAN Program","docAbstract":"Since 1995, the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has focused on monitoring the water quality of the Nation's largest rivers including the Colorado, Columbia, Mississippi, and Rio Grande. The NASQAN program in the Colorado River Basin consists of eight stations that span seven basin States including Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California. Data collected from these stations are used to quantify the transport of chemical constituents and evaluate trends in water quality of the river. Currently, the NASQAN program in the Colorado River Basin is providing necessary data and information required by resource managers of the river who are responsible for meeting longstanding legal agreements that regulate the flow and quality of the river water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs01400","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., and Hooper, R.P., 2000, Monitoring The Water Quality of the Nation's Large Rivers Colorado River NASQAN Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 014-00, 1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 x 43 cm. folded to 28 x 22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01400.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 x 43 cm. folded to 28 x 22 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_014_00.bmp"},{"id":163,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/fs-014-00/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6990e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25417,"text":"wri004191 - 2000 - Comparability of suspended-sediment concentration and total suspended solids data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-29T16:35:00.203487","indexId":"wri004191","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4191","title":"Comparability of suspended-sediment concentration and total suspended solids data","docAbstract":"<p>Two laboratory analytical methods — suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) and total suspended solids (TSS) — are predominantly used to quantify concentrations of suspended solid-phase material in surface waters of the United States. The analytical methods differ. SSC data are produced by measuring the dry weight of all the sediment from a known volume of a water-sediment mixture. TSS data are produced by several methods, most of which entail measuring the dry weight of sediment from a known volume of a subsample of the original. An evaluation of 3,235 paired SSC and TSS data, of which 860 SSC values include percentages of sand-size material, shows bias in the relation between SSC and TSS —SSC values tend to increase at a greater rate than their corresponding paired TSS values. As sand-size material in samples exceeds about a quarter of the sediment dry weight, SSC values tend to exceed their corresponding paired TSS values. TSS analyses of three sets of quality-control samples (35 samples) showed unexpectedly small sediment recoveries and relatively large variances in the TSS data. Two quality-control data sets (18 samples) that were analyzed for SSC showed both slightly deficient sediment recoveries, and variances that are characteristic of most other quality-control data compiled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Sediment Laboratory Quality Assurance Program. The method for determining TSS, which was originally designed for analyses of wastewater samples, is shown to be fundamentally unreliable for the analysis of natural-water samples. In contrast, the method for determining SSC produces relatively reliable results for samples of natural water, regardless of the amount or percentage of sand-size material in the samples. SSC and TSS data collected from natural water are not comparable and should not be used interchangeably. The accuracy and comparability of suspended solid-phase concentrations of the Nation’s natural waters would be greatly enhanced if all these data were produced by the SSC analytical method.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004191","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., Glysson, G., Turcios, L., and Schwarz, G., 2000, Comparability of suspended-sediment concentration and total suspended solids data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4191, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004191.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4191.jpg"},{"id":1805,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004191/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cbe4b07f02db543dd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glysson, G.D.","contributorId":16430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turcios, L.M.","contributorId":6477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turcios","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30370,"text":"wri004137 - 2000 - Nitrate source indicators in ground water of the Scimitar Subdivision, Peters Creek area, Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri004137","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4137","title":"Nitrate source indicators in ground water of the Scimitar Subdivision, Peters Creek area, Anchorage, Alaska","docAbstract":"A combination of aqueous chemistry, isotopic measurement, and in situ tracers were used to study the possible nitrate sources, the factors contributing to the spatial distribution of nitrate, and possible septic system influence in the ground water in the Scimitar Subdivision, Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska. Two water types were distinguished on the basis of the major ion chemistry: (1) a calcium sodium carbonate water, which was associated with isotopically heavier boron and with chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) that were in the range expected from equilibration with the atmosphere (group A water) and (2) a calcium magnesium carbonate water, which was associated with elevated nitrate, chloride, and magnesium concentrations, generally isotopically lighter boron, and CFC's concentrations that were generally in excess of that expected from equilibration with the atmosphere (group B water). Water from wells in group B had nitrate concentrations that were greater than 3 milligrams per liter, whereas those in group A had nitrate concentrations of 0.2 milligram per liter or less. Nitrate does not appear to be undergoing extensive transformation in the ground-water system and behaves as a conservative ion. The major ion chemistry trends and the presence of CFC's in excess of an atmospheric source for group B wells are consistent with waste-water influences. The spatial distribution of the nitrate among wells is likely due to the magnitude of this influence on any given well. Using an expanded data set composed of 16 wells sampled only for nitrate concentration, a significant difference in the static water level relative to bedrock was found. Well water samples with less than 1 milligram per liter nitrate had static water levels within the bedrock, whereas those samples with greater than 1 milligram per liter nitrate had static water levels near or above the top of the bedrock. This observation would be consistent with a conceptual model of a low-nitrate fractured bedrock aquifer that receives slow recharge from an overlying nitrate-enriched surficial aquifer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004137","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., Strelakos, P.M., and Jokela, B., 2000, Nitrate source indicators in ground water of the Scimitar Subdivision, Peters Creek area, Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4137, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 9 illus.; 6 tables; 1 app., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004137.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 9 illus.; 6 tables; 1 app.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2495,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004137","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strelakos, Pat M.","contributorId":89937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strelakos","given":"Pat","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jokela, Brett","contributorId":43001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokela","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27232,"text":"wri004205 - 2000 - Preliminary effects of streambank fencing of pasture land on the quality of surface water in a small watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:59:53","indexId":"wri004205","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4205","title":"Preliminary effects of streambank fencing of pasture land on the quality of surface water in a small watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>The use of fencing to exclude pastured animals from streams has been recognized as an agricultural best-management practice. Streambank fencing was installed in a small basin within the Mill Creek Watershed of Lancaster County, Pa., during summer 1997 to evaluate the effectiveness of fencing on surface-water quality. A preliminary review of data collected during a pre-treatment, or calibration period (October 1993 through June 1997), and part of the post-treatment period (July 1997 through November 1998) has identified a varied instream nutrient response to streambank fencing.</p><p>Concentrations of total nitrogen (N) during low-flow periods were significantly reduced by 20 to 31 percent at treated relative to untreated sites, but the yield of total N during low-flow conditions did not change significantly. Low-flow concentrations and yields of total phosphorus (P) did not change significantly at the outlet of the treatment basin, but data from a tributary site (T-2) in the treatment basin showed a 19- to 79-percent increase in the concentration and yield of total P relative to those at untreated sites. The total-P increase was due to increased concentrations of dissolved P. The processes causing the decrease in the concentration of total N and an increase in the concentration of total P were related to stream discharge, which declined after fencing to about one-third lower than the period-of-record mean. Declines in stream discharge after fence installation were caused by lower than normal precipitation. As concentrations of dissolved oxygen decreased in the stream channel as flows decreased, there was increased potential for instream denitrification and solubilization of P from sediments in the stream channel. Vegetative uptake of nitrate could also have contributed to decreased N concentrations. There were few significant changes in concentrations and yields of nutrients during stormflow except for significant reductions of 16 percent for total-N concentrations and 26 percent for total-P concentrations at site T-2 relative to the site at the outlet of the control basin.</p><p>Suspended-sediment concentrations in the stream were significantly reduced by fencing. These reductions were partially caused by reduced cow access to the stream and hence reduced potential for the cows to destabilize streambanks through trampling. Development of a vegetative buffer along the stream channel after fence installation also helped to retain soil eroding from upgradient land. Reductions in suspended sediment during low flow ranged from 17 to 26 percent; stormflow reductions in suspended sediment ranged from 21 to 54 percent at treated relative to untreated sites. Suspended-sediment yields, however, were significantly reduced only at site T-2, where low-flow and stormflow yields were reduced by about 25 and 10 percent, respectively, relative to untreated sites.</p><p>Benthic-macroinvertebrate sampling has identified increased number of taxa in the treatment basin after fence installation. Relative to the control basin, there was about a 30-percent increase in the total number of taxa. This increase was most likely related to improved instream habitat as a result of channel revegetation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., 2000, Preliminary effects of streambank fencing of pasture land on the quality of surface water in a small watershed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4205, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004205.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4205/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2165,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4205/wri20004205.pdf","text":"Report","size":"435 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4205"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Site description</li><li>Study design</li><li>Basin characterization</li><li>Preliminary effects of streambank fencing</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c49a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galeone, Daniel G. 0000-0002-8007-9278 dgaleone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-9278","contributorId":2301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galeone","given":"Daniel","email":"dgaleone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30115,"text":"wri004141 - 2000 - Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:26:37","indexId":"wri004141","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4141","title":"Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Two methods, one a surface-water method and the second a \r\nground-water method, were used to determine infiltration and \r\npercolation rates along a 2.5-kilometer reach of the Santa Fe \r\nRiver near La Bajada, New Mexico. The surface-water method uses \r\nstreamflow measurements and their differences along a stream reach, \r\nstreamflow-loss rates, stream surface area, and evaporation \r\nrates to determine infiltration rates. The ground-water method \r\nuses heat as a tracer to monitor percolation through shallow \r\nstreambed sediments. \r\n\r\nData collection began in October 1996 and continued through \r\nDecember 1997. During that period the stream reach was instrumented \r\nwith three streamflow gages, and temperature profiles were \r\nmonitored from the stream-sediment interface to about 3 meters below \r\nthe streambed at four sites along the reach.\r\n\r\nInfiltration is the downward flow of water through the stream-\r\nsediment interface. Infiltration rates ranged from 92 to 267 \r\nmillimeters per day for an intense measurement period during June 26-\r\n28, 1997, and from 69 to 256 millimeters per day during \r\nSeptember 27-October 6, 1997. Investigators calculated \r\ninfiltration rates from streamflow loss, stream surface-area \r\nmeasurements, and evaporation-rate estimates. Infiltration rates \r\nmay be affected by unmeasured irrigation-return flow in the \r\nstudy reach. Although the amount of irrigation-return flow was none \r\nto very small, it may result in underestimation of infiltration \r\nrates. The infiltration portion of streamflow loss was much greater \r\nthan the evaporation portion. Infiltration accounted for about \r\n92 to 98 percent of streamflow loss. Evaporation-rate estimates \r\nranged from 3.4 to 7.6 millimeters per day based on pan-evaporation \r\ndata collected at Cochiti Dam, New Mexico, and accounted for about 2 \r\nto 8 percent of streamflow loss.\r\n\r\nPercolation is the movement of water through saturated or \r\nunsaturated sediments below the stream-sediment interface. \r\nPercolation rates ranged from 40 to 109 millimeters per day during \r\nJune 26-28, 1997. Percolation rates were not calculated for the \r\nSeptember 27-October 6, 1997, period because a late summer flood \r\nremoved the temperature sensors from the streambed. Investigators \r\nused a heat-and-water flow model, VS2DH (variably saturated, two-\r\ndimensional heat), to calculate near-surface streambed \r\ninfiltration and percolation rates from temperatures measured in the \r\nstream and streambed.\r\n\r\nNear the stream-sediment interface, infiltration and \r\npercolation rates are comparable. Comparison of infiltration and \r\npercolation rates showed that infiltration rates were greater \r\nthan percolation rates. The method used to calculate infiltration \r\nrates accounted for net loss or gain over the entire stream reach, \r\nwhereas the method used to calculate percolation was \r\ndependent on point measurements and, as applied in this study, \r\nneglected the nonvertical component of heat and water \r\nfluxes. In general, using the ground-water method was less labor \r\nintensive than making a series of streamflow measurements and relied \r\non temperature, an easily measured property. The ground-water method \r\nalso eliminated the difficulty of measuring or estimating \r\nevaporation from the water surface and was therefore more direct. \r\nBoth methods are difficult to use during periods of flood flow. The \r\nground-water method has problems with the thermocouple-wire \r\ntemperature sensors washing out during flood events. The surface-\r\nwater method often cannot be used because of safety concerns for \r\npersonnel making wading streamflow measurements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/wri004141","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.L., Stewart, A.E., and Constantz, J.E., 2000, Determination of infiltration and percolation rates along a reach of the Santa Fe River near La Bajada, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4141, iv, 65 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004141.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95825,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4141/report.pdf","size":"6238","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Santa Fe County","city":"La Bajada","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.2431,35.9303],[-106.1892,35.9309],[-106.1631,35.9309],[-106.1369,35.9314],[-106.1341,35.9314],[-106.1324,35.9314],[-106.0585,35.9314],[-106.0511,35.9314],[-106.0523,35.9877],[-106.0586,35.9881],[-106.0597,35.9881],[-106.0626,35.9904],[-106.0637,35.9918],[-106.0648,35.9936],[-106.062,35.999],[-106.0614,36.004],[-106.0375,36.004],[-106.0256,36.004],[-105.9881,36.0045],[-105.9255,36.0045],[-105.9102,36.0045],[-105.8925,36.0044],[-105.8749,36.0044],[-105.8703,36.0044],[-105.7164,36.0025],[-105.7165,35.9785],[-105.7203,35.8713],[-105.7145,35.422],[-105.7145,35.4097],[-105.7146,35.3957],[-105.713,35.215],[-105.7139,35.0425],[-105.9169,35.0419],[-106.0275,35.0406],[-106.1337,35.0414],[-106.2213,35.0408],[-106.2386,35.0408],[-106.2387,35.0549],[-106.242,35.2147],[-106.2416,35.2519],[-106.2434,35.3054],[-106.2474,35.3054],[-106.2463,35.315],[-106.2458,35.3495],[-106.246,35.4071],[-106.2467,35.4461],[-106.2474,35.4802],[-106.2464,35.5319],[-106.2465,35.5469],[-106.2462,35.6544],[-106.2463,35.6758],[-106.2454,35.742],[-106.2466,35.7533],[-106.2415,35.7579],[-106.2386,35.7606],[-106.2353,35.7656],[-106.2188,35.7693],[-106.2121,35.7779],[-106.2064,35.7793],[-106.1939,35.7897],[-106.1923,35.8002],[-106.1877,35.8043],[-106.1798,35.8079],[-106.177,35.8134],[-106.177,35.8211],[-106.173,35.8265],[-106.1708,35.8283],[-106.1946,35.8283],[-106.219,35.8274],[-106.223,35.8278],[-106.2287,35.8337],[-106.2417,35.8368],[-106.2457,35.8427],[-106.2452,35.8563],[-106.2442,35.8931],[-106.2431,35.9303]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Santa Fe\",\"state\":\"NM\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5facc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Carole L.","contributorId":50938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Amy E.","contributorId":22812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Constantz, Jim E.","contributorId":55481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25578,"text":"wri004122 - 2000 - Hydrogeology of the regional aquifer near Flagstaff, Arizona, 1994-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T07:23:08","indexId":"wri004122","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4122","title":"Hydrogeology of the regional aquifer near Flagstaff, Arizona, 1994-97","docAbstract":"<p>Sandstones, siltstones, and limestones that are Pennsylvanian to Permian in age underlie the southern\npart of the Colorado Plateau near Flagstaff, Arizona, and contain a complex regional aquifer that has\nbecome increasingly important as a source of water for domestic, municipal, and recreational uses.\nGround-water flow in the regional aquifer is poorly understood in this area because (1) depth of the\naquifer limits exploratory drilling and testing and (2) the geologic structure increases the complexity of\nthe aquifer characteristics and the ground-water flow system.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Four methods were used to improve the understanding of the hydrogeology of the regional aquifer\nnear Flagstaff.</p>\n<br>\n<p>• Remote-sensing techniques and geologic mapping provided data to identify many structural\nfeatures that indicate a more complex structural environment and history than previously\nrealized.</p>\n<br>\n<p>• Data from surface-geophysical techniques that included ground-penetrating radar, seismic\nreflection and seismic refraction, and square-array resistivity, verified that some of the geologic\nstructures expressed at land surface propagate deep into the subsurface and through the principal\nwater-bearing zones of the regional aquifer at near-vertical angles.</p>\n<br>\n<p>• A well and spring inventory, borehole-geophysical methods, and well and aquifer tests provided\nadditional information relating aquifer and ground-water flow characteristics to geologic\nstructure.</p>\n<br>\n<p>• Water-chemistry data, which included major ion, nutrient, trace-element, and radioactive and\nstable-isotope analyses, provided an independent means of verifying the hydrogeologic\ncharacteristics of the aquifer and were used to determine recharge and discharge areas, groundwater\nmovement, and ground-water age.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Ground-water recharge occurs throughout the area but is greatest at higher altitudes where\nprecipitation is greater and in areas where heavily fractured rock units of the aquifer are exposed.\nThe estimated annual average recharge to the regional aquifer in the study area is about 290,000 acre-feet.\nGround water flows laterally and vertically through pore spaces in the rock and along faults and other\nfractures from high-altitude areas in the southern part of the study area to regional drains north of the\nstudy area along the Little Colorado and Colorado Rivers, and to drains south of the study area along\nOak Creek and the Verde Valley. Ground-water discharge in these areas—about 400,000 acre-feet per\nyear—exceeds the annual recharge to the aquifer in the Flagstaff area, but ground water from areas\noutside the study area contributes to this discharge as well. The saturated thickness of the regional aquifer averages about 1,200 feet, and the amount of water\nin storage could be as much as 4,800,000 acrefeet,\nor about 10 percent of the total volume of the\naquifer.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The quality of water in the regional aquifer in\nterms of dissolved-solids concentrations is good\nfor most uses throughout the area. Dissolvedsolids\nconcentrations generally are less than\n500 milligrams per liter. Water in the regional\naquifer is primarily a calcium magnesium\nbicarbonate type. In some areas near the\nRio de Flag, the water has significant nitrate and\nchloride components, which indicate direct\nrecharge in these areas from the Rio de Flag.\nOxygen and deuterium data indicate a common\nrecharge source for water in the aquifer and that\nsome sites receive recharge from surface waters\nwhere evaporation has occurred. Estimated\ncarbon-14 ages and tritium activities indicate\nground-water ages from less than 200 years in the\nLake Mary area to more than 5,000 years in the\nWupatki area.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The regional aquifer is heterogeneous and\nanisotrophic and has a complex ground-water flow\nsystem. The most productive water-bearing\nmaterial tends to be fine- to medium-grained\nsandstones, and ground-water flow and potential\nwell yields are related to geologic structure.\nFracturing associated with structural deformation\nincreases recharge locally and also increases the\npotential for high well yields. Surface-geophysical\ntechniques provided information on the orientation\nof high-angle, deep-seated structure in the\nsaturated zone. Borehole-geophysical data\nidentified horizontal to near-horizontal fractures as\nsignificant components of the fracture-flow system\nnot apparent in the surface-geophysical data.\nStructural features that strike northwest appear to\nbe areas that have the greatest potential for high\nwell yields. A north-northeastward-striking\nstructure may be just as promising, but additional\ndata are needed to verify this relation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri004122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Flagstaff","usgsCitation":"Bills, D., Truini, M., Flynn, M., Pierce, H., Catchings, R.D., and Rymer, M.J., 2000, Hydrogeology of the regional aquifer near Flagstaff, Arizona, 1994-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4122, Report: x, 142 p.; Errata: 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004122.","productDescription":"Report: x, 142 p.; Errata: 1 p.","numberOfPages":"158","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"1997-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288393,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4122/errata.pdf"},{"id":288394,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4122/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Flagstaff","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0,35.0 ], [ -112.0,35.5 ], [ -111.25,35.5 ], [ -111.25,35.0 ], [ -112.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A.","contributorId":83093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":24087,"text":"ofr00203 - 2000 - Assessment of volatile organic compounds in surface water at West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr00203","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-203","title":"Assessment of volatile organic compounds in surface water at West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1999","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected 13 surface-water samples and 3 replicates from 5 sites in the West Branch Canal Creek area at Aberdeen Proving Ground from February through August 1999, as a part of an investigation of ground-water contamination and natural attenuation processes. The samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds, including trichloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform, which are the four major contaminants that were detected in ground water in the Canal Creek area in earlier USGS studies. Field blanks were collected during the sampling period to assess sample bias. Field replicates were used to assess sample variability, which was expressed as relative percent difference. The mean variability of the surface-water replicate analyses was larger (35.4 percent) than the mean variability of ground-water replicate analyses (14.6 percent) determined for West Branch Canal Creek from 1995 through 1996. The higher variability in surface-water analyses is probably due to heterogeneities in the composition of the surface water rather than differences in sampling or analytical procedures. The most frequently detected volatile organic compound was 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane, which was detected in every sample and in two of the replicates. The surface-water contamination is likely the result of cross-media transfer of contaminants from the ground water and sediments along the West Branch Canal Creek. The full extent of surface-water contamination in West Branch Canal Creek and the locations of probable contaminant sources cannot be determined from this limited set of data. Tidal mixing, creek flow patterns, and potential effects of a drought that occurred during the sampling period also complicate the evaluation of surface-water contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00203","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Olsen, L., and Spencer, T.A., 2000, Assessment of volatile organic compounds in surface water at West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-203, iv, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00203.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1753,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, Tracey A.","contributorId":59477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53098,"text":"ofr2000232 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Long Prairie River basin, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:07:52","indexId":"ofr2000232","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-232","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Long Prairie River basin, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Long Prairie River Basin, located in central Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., and Fischer, B.C., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Long Prairie River basin, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-232, Document: 7 p.; Plate: 38.03 x 27.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000232.","productDescription":"Document: 7 p.; Plate: 38.03 x 27.01 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-232.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-232-plate.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Long Prairie River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.38330078125, 46.19266555785523 ], [ -95.37300109863281, 46.1912395780416 ], [ -95.37300109863281, 46.18458451637958 ], [ -95.36956787109375, 46.17887953650578 ], [ -95.35102844238281, 46.17364945158338 ], [ -95.34072875976562, 46.17127197581503 ], [ 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,{"id":26833,"text":"wri004163 - 2000 - Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate plus nitrate as nitrogen in ground water in the Idaho part of the western Snake River Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:41:52.908609","indexId":"wri004163","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4163","title":"Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate plus nitrate as nitrogen in ground water in the Idaho part of the western Snake River Plain","docAbstract":"As ground water continues to provide an ever-growing proportion of Idaho?s drinking water, concerns about the quality of that resource are increasing. Pesticides (most commonly, atrazine/desethyl-atrazine, hereafter referred to as atrazine) and nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (hereafter referred to as nitrate) have been detected in many aquifers in the State. To provide a sound hydrogeologic basis for atrazine and nitrate management in southern Idaho&mdash;the largest region of land and water use in the State&mdash;the U.S. Geological Survey produced maps showing the probability of detecting these contaminants in ground water in the upper Snake River Basin (published in a 1998 report) and the western Snake River Plain (published in this report). The atrazine probability map for the western Snake River Plain was constructed by overlaying ground-water quality data with hydrogeologic and anthropogenic data in a geographic information system (GIS). A data set was produced in which each well had corresponding information on land use, geology, precipitation, soil characteristics, regional depth to ground water, well depth, water level, and atrazine use. These data were analyzed by logistic regression using a statistical software package. Several preliminary multivariate models were developed and those that best predicted the detection of atrazine were selected. The multivariate models then were entered into a GIS and the probability maps were produced. Land use, precipitation, soil hydrologic group, and well depth were significantly correlated with atrazine detections in the western Snake River Plain. These variables also were important in the 1998 probability study of the upper Snake River Basin. The effectiveness of the probability models for atrazine might be improved if more detailed data were available for atrazine application. A preliminary atrazine probability map for the entire Snake River Plain in Idaho, based on a data set representing that region, also was produced. In areas where this map overlaps the 1998 map of the upper Snake River Basin, the two maps show broadly similar probabilities of detecting atrazine. Logistic regression also was used to develop a preliminary statistical model that predicts the probability of detecting elevated nitrate in the western Snake River Plain. A nitrate probability map was produced from this model. Results showed that elevated nitrate concentrations were correlated with land use, soil organic content, well depth, and water level. Detailed information on nitrate input, specifically fertilizer application, might have improved the effectiveness of this model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho State Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Donato, M.M., 2000, Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate plus nitrate as nitrogen in ground water in the Idaho part of the western Snake River Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4163, Report: iv, 25 p.; 1 Plate: 24 x 35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004163.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 25 p.; 1 Plate: 24 x 35 inches","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262324,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4163/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":407729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33863.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4163/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":262325,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4163/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"western Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.133,\n              42.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.927,\n              42.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.927,\n              44.867\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.133,\n              44.867\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.133,\n              42.55\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donato, Mary M.","contributorId":30962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31158,"text":"ofr2000233 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Sauk River basin, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:08:51","indexId":"ofr2000233","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-233","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Sauk River basin, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Sauk River Basin, located in central Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., and Fischer, B.C., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Sauk River basin, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-233, Document: 8 p.; Plate: 31.03 x 29.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000233.","productDescription":"Document: 8 p.; Plate: 31.03 x 29.01 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2000233.JPG"},{"id":12213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-233.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12214,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-233-plate.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Sauk River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.58198547363281, 45.66444628645173 ], [ -94.57649230957031, 45.66060720625647 ], [ -94.57855224609375, 45.64812837751117 ], [ -94.59228515625, 45.63996763988405 ], [ -94.59297180175781, 45.62652383350405 ], [ -94.60464477539061, 45.6178796835697 ], [ 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A.","contributorId":100432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Brian C.","contributorId":49832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29238,"text":"wri004103 - 2000 - Sensitivity of ground water to contamination in Lawrence County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri004103","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4103","title":"Sensitivity of ground water to contamination in Lawrence County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Ground-water supplies in Lawrence County, South Dakota, can be contaminated by agricultural, urban, suburban, commercial, and industrial land uses. To address this issue, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Lawrence County and the City of Spearfish mapped the sensitivity of ground water to contamination in Lawrence County.\r\n\r\nSensitivity of ground water to contamination was determined by delineating hydrogeologic settings with common hydrogeologic characteristics as described in the DRASTIC method, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Water Well Association. Within the framework of 11 hydrogeologic settings, sensitivity to contamination was ranked for six intrinsic hydrogeologic characteristics: (1) aquifer media, (2) unsaturated media (3) hydraulic conductivity, (4) recharge rate, (5) depth to water, and (6) land-surface slope. The rating conventions of DRASTIC were modified to provide a relative ranking of hydrogeologic characteristics without assignment of a combined numerical score. Soil characteristics were not included as a map layer because detailed digital data were not available; however, the general distribution of two soil characteristics were shown.\r\n\r\nA total of 956 polygons were delineated and assigned a sensitivity-unit code that represented unique groups of sensitivity rank for the six intrinsic hydrogeologic characteristics. The polygons were created by overlaying and intersecting maps that describe the geology, precipitation, land-surface elevation, and depth to water using a geographic information system. Thirty drainage areas upstream from potential streamflow-loss zones were delineated to describe an additional mechanism of transport of potential contamination. The sensitivity of ground water to contamination was presented on a 1:100,000-scale map with code and label explanations. Limitations of the sensitivity map are described to facilitate appropriate use of the map as a screening tool to compare sensitivity to contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004103","usgsCitation":"Putnam, L.D., 2000, Sensitivity of ground water to contamination in Lawrence County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4103, iv, 55 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.; 2 over-size sheets, scale 1:100,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004103.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.; 2 over-size sheets, scale 1:100,000","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2370,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e1388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22703,"text":"ofr00469 - 2000 - Preliminary method for anticipating the occurrence of precipitation-induced landslides in Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr00469","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-469","title":"Preliminary method for anticipating the occurrence of precipitation-induced landslides in Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"Analysis of precipitation data associated with historical landslide events in Seattle has resulted in the identification of precipitation thresholds for the initiation of landslides. Also, an air-temperature index for multiple landslide events is identified, and in conjunction with the precipitation thresholds, is used to develop a method for anticipating the occurrence of landslides during the December-March wet season. \r\n\r\nThe precipitation thresholds are based on 3-day cumulative precipitation that occurred immediately prior to landslide events and antecedent 15-day precipitation that occurred prior to the 3-day amounts. The data indicate that 15-day cumulative precipitation influences the amount of subsequent 3-day precipitation required to initiate landslides.\r\n\r\nResults of the analysis also indicate that air-temperature data can be used to help identify times when conditions are conducive for the initiation of landslides. It is shown that a high percentage of precipitation-related landslides occurred on days when the daily maximum air temperature was between 46? and 56? F (9? and 13? C) and that nearly all of the slides occurred on days when the daily maximum air temperature was above 43? F (6? C).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00469","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Chleborad, A.F., 2000, Preliminary method for anticipating the occurrence of precipitation-induced landslides in Seattle, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-469, 29 p., :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00469.","productDescription":"29 p., :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0469/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":8127,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0469/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52161,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0469/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cdbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chleborad, Alan F.","contributorId":87578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chleborad","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26573,"text":"wri004126 - 2000 - Regression analysis and real-time water-quality monitoring to estimate constituent concentrations, loads, and yields in the Little Arkansas River, south-central Kansas, 1995-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri004126","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4126","title":"Regression analysis and real-time water-quality monitoring to estimate constituent concentrations, loads, and yields in the Little Arkansas River, south-central Kansas, 1995-99","docAbstract":"Water from the Little Arkansas River is used as source water for artificial recharge to the Equus Beds aquifer, which provides water for the city of Wichita in south-central Kansas. To assess the quality of the source water, continuous in-stream water-quality monitors were installed at two U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations to provide real-time measurement of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity in the Little Arkansas River. In addition, periodic water samples were collected manually and analyzed for selected constituents, including alkalinity, dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chloride, sulfate, atrazine, and fecal coliform bacteria. However, these periodic samples do not provide real-time data on which to base aquifer-recharge operational decisions to prevent degradation of the Equus Beds aquifer. Continuous and periodic monitoring enabled identification of seasonal trends in selected physical properties and chemical constituents and estimation of chemical mass transported in the Little Arkansas River. Identification of seasonal trends was especially important because high streamflows have a substantial effect on chemical loads and because concentration data from manually collected samples often were not available. Therefore, real-time water-quality monitoring of surrogates for the estimation of selected chemical constituents in streamflow can increase the accuracy of load and yield estimates and can decrease some manual data-collection activities. Regression equations, which were based on physical properties and analysis of water samples collected from 1995 through 1998 throughout 95 percent of the stream's flow duration, were developed to estimate alkalinity, dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chloride, sulfate, atrazine, and fecal coliform bacteria concentrations. Error was evaluated for the first year of data collection and each subsequent year, and a decrease in error was observed as the number of samples increased. Generally, 2 years of data (35 to 55 samples) collected throughout 90 to 95 percent of the stream's flow duration were sufficient to define the relation between a constituent and its surrogate(s). Relations and resulting equations were site specific. To test the regression equations developed from the first 3 years of data collection (1995-98), the equations were applied to the fourth year of data collection (1999) to calculate estimated constituent loads and the errors associated with these loads. Median relative percentage differences between measured constituent loads determined using the analysis of periodic, manual water samples and estimated constituent loads were less than 25 percent for alkalinity, dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate. The percentage differences for total suspended solids, atrazine, and bacteria loads were more than 25 percent. Even for those constituents with large relative percentage differences between the measured and estimated loads, the estimation of constituent concentrations with regression analysis and real-time water-quality monitoring has numerous advantages over periodic manual sampling. The timely availability of bacteria and other constituent data may be important when considering recreation and the whole-body contact criteria established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment for a specific water body. In addition, water suppliers would have timely information to use in adjusting water-treatment strategies; environmental changes could be assessed in time to prevent negative effects on fish or other aquatic life; and officials for the Equus Beds Ground-Water Recharge Demonstration project could use this information to prevent the possible degradation of the Equus Beds aquifer by choosing not to recharge when constituent concentrations in the source water are large. Constituent loads calculated from the regression equations may be useful for calculating total maximum daily loads (TMDL's), wh","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004126","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Jian, X., and Ziegler, A., 2000, Regression analysis and real-time water-quality monitoring to estimate constituent concentrations, loads, and yields in the Little Arkansas River, south-central Kansas, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4126, vi, 36 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004126.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95610,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4126/report.pdf","size":"10121","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1974,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wrir.00-4126.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4126/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc04f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jian, Xiaodong 0000-0002-9173-3482 xjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-3482","contributorId":1282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jian","given":"Xiaodong","email":"xjian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23187,"text":"ofr00448 - 2000 - Non-navigational gridded bathymetry data; Washington-Oregon Coast: 1926-1998: Data release and description of methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T18:21:31.361092","indexId":"ofr00448","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-448","title":"Non-navigational gridded bathymetry data; Washington-Oregon Coast: 1926-1998: Data release and description of methods","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00448","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., Buijsman, M.C., and Sherwood, C.R., 2000, Non-navigational gridded bathymetry data; Washington-Oregon Coast: 1926-1998: Data release and description of methods (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-448, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00448.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1328,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-448/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407526,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34868.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.22851735620852\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.18945312500001,\n              42.22851735620852\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.18945312500001,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.22851735620852\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db6970d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buijsman, Maarten C.","contributorId":76340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buijsman","given":"Maarten","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22557,"text":"ofr2000422 - 2000 - A Synopsis of Technical Issues of Concern for Monitoring Trace Elements in Highway and Urban Runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ofr2000422","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-422","title":"A Synopsis of Technical Issues of Concern for Monitoring Trace Elements in Highway and Urban Runoff","docAbstract":"Trace elements, which are regulated for aquatic life protection, are a primary concern in highway- and urban-runoff studies because stormwater runoff may transport these constituents from the land surface to receiving waters. Many of these trace elements are essential for biological activity and become detrimental only when geologic or anthropogenic sources exceed concentrations beyond ranges typical of the natural environment. The Federal Highway Administration and State Transportation Agencies are concerned about the potential effects of highway runoff on the watershed scale and for the management and protection of watersheds. Transportation agencies need information that is documented as valid, current, and scientifically defensible to support planning and management decisions. There are many technical issues of concern for monitoring trace elements; therefore, trace-element data commonly are considered suspect, and the responsibility to provide data-quality information to support the validity of reported results rests with the data-collection agency.\r\n\r\nPaved surfaces are fundamentally different physically, hydraulically, and chemically from the natural surfaces typical of most freshwater systems that have been the focus of many traceelement- monitoring studies. Existing scientific conceptions of the behavior of trace elements in the environment are based largely upon research on natural systems, rather than on systems typical of pavement runoff. Additionally, the logistics of stormwater sampling are difficult because of the great uncertainty in the occurrence and magnitude of storm events. Therefore, trace-element monitoring programs may be enhanced if monitoring and sampling programs are automated. Automation would standardize the process and provide a continuous record of the variations in flow and water-quality characteristics.\r\n\r\nGreat care is required to collect and process samples in a manner that will minimize potential contamination or attenuation of trace elements and other sources of bias and variability in the sampling process. Trace elements have both natural and anthropogenic sources that may affect the sampling process, including the sample-collection and handling materials used in many trace-element monitoring studies. Trace elements also react with these materials within the timescales typical for collection, processing and analysis of runoff samples. To study the characteristics and potential effects of trace elements in highway and urban runoff, investigators typically sample one or more operationally defined matrixes including: whole water, dissolved (filtered water), suspended sediment, bottom sediment, biological tissue, and contaminant sources. The sampling and analysis of each of these sample matrixes can provide specific information about the occurrence and distribution of trace elements in runoff and receiving waters. There are, however, technical concerns specific to each matrix that must be understood and addressed through use of proper collection and processing protocols. Valid protocols are designed to minimize inherent problems and to maximize the accuracy, precision, comparability, and representativeness of data collected. Documentation, including information about monitoring protocols, quality assurance and quality control efforts, and ancillary data also is necessary to establish data quality. This documentation is especially important for evaluation of historical traceelement monitoring data, because trace-element monitoring protocols and analysis methods have been constantly changing over the past 30 years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000422","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., and Granato, G., 2000, A Synopsis of Technical Issues of Concern for Monitoring Trace Elements in Highway and Urban Runoff: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-422, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000422.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9503,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-422/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd496ce4b0b290850ef272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31169,"text":"ofr00351 - 2000 - Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T20:18:19.696676","indexId":"ofr00351","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-351","title":"Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database","docAbstract":"<p>The Salem East and Turner 7.5-minute quadrangles are situated in the center of the Willamette Valley near the western margin of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) distribution. The terrain within the area is of low to moderate relief, ranging from about 150 to almost 1,100-ft elevation. Mill Creek flows northward from the Stayton basin (Turner quadrangle) to the northern Willamette Valley (Salem East quadrangle) through a low that dissects the Columbia River basalt that forms the Salem Hills on the west and the Waldo Hills to the east. Approximately eight flows of CRBG form a thickness of up to 700 in these two quadrangles. The Ginkgo intracanyon flow that extends from east to west through the south half of the Turner quadrangle is exposed in the hills along the southeast part of the quadrangle.</p><p>Previous geologic mapping by Thayer (1939) and Bela (1981) while providing the general geologic framework did not subdivide the CRBG which limited their ability to delineate structural elements. Reconnaissance mapping of the CRBG units in the Willamette Valley indicated that these stratigraphic units could serve as a series of unique reference horizons for identifying post-Miocene folding and faulting (Beeson and others, 1985,1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990). Crenna, et al. (1994) compiled previous mapping in the Willamette Valley in a study of the tectonics of the Salem area.</p><p>The major emphasis of this study was to identify and map CRBG units within the Salem East and Turner Quadrangles and to utilize this detailed CRBG stratigraphy to identify and characterize structural features. Water well logs were used to provide better subsurface stratigraphic control. Three other quadrangles (Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton NE) in the Willamette Valley have been mapped in this way (Tolan and Beeson, 1999).</p><p>This area was a lowland area of weathered and eroded marine sedimentary when the Columbia River basalts encroached on this area approximately 15-16 m.y. ago. An incipient Coast Range apparently stopped or diverted the fluid lava flows from moving much farther westward toward the coast at this latitude. It is assumed also that an ancestral Willamette River flowed northward through this low-lying area so that water was present as streams and ponds along the flood plain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00351","usgsCitation":"Tolan, T.L., Beeson, M.H., and DuRoss, C., 2000, Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-351, 2 Plates: 30.93 x 35.04 inches and 31.73 x 35.20 inches; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00351.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 30.93 x 35.04 inches and 31.73 x 35.20 inches; Readme","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00351.gif"},{"id":2676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281611,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351ps.tar.gz"},{"id":281612,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351db.tar.gz"},{"id":281613,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351db.zip"},{"id":281614,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/README.PDF"},{"id":281610,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/tnrfinal.pdf"},{"id":281615,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/slmfinal.pdf"},{"id":110130,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34045.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34045"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Marion County","otherGeospatial":"Mill Creek, Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,44.75 ], [ -123.0,45.0 ], [ -122.875,45.0 ], [ -122.875,44.75 ], [ -123.0,44.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tolan, Terry L.","contributorId":31029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolan","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeson, Marvin H.","contributorId":67937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher B.","contributorId":64298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24309,"text":"ofr2000238 - 2000 - Physical, chemical, and biological data for selected streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1995-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-19T12:49:53","indexId":"ofr2000238","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-238","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological data for selected streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1995-97","docAbstract":"Physical, chemical, and biological data were collected at 51 sampling sites in Chester County, Pa., from 1970 through 1997 as part of the Stream Conditions of Chester County Program. This report presents data collected from 43 sites from 1995 through 1997 that constitute a continuation of the program. Physical data include water temperature, instantaneous stream discharge, pH, alkalinity, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen. Chemical data collected include laboratory determinations of nutrients and major ions in whole water samples and selected metals, pesticides, gross polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), gross polychlorinated napthalenes (PCN's), and total carbon in stream-sediment samples. The biological data include benthic-macroinvertebrate populations. The data are presented without interpretation.\r\n\r\nChester County is undergoing urbanization as agricultural land is converted to residential developments, commercial areas, and industrial and corporate parks. The major goal of the Stream Conditions of Chester County Program is to further the understanding of stream changes in response to urbanization.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000238","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority\r\n","usgsCitation":"Reif, A.G., 2000, Physical, chemical, and biological data for selected streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1995-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-238, iv, 147 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000238.","productDescription":"iv, 147 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7641,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reif, Andrew G. 0000-0002-5054-5207 agreif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-5207","contributorId":2632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reif","given":"Andrew","email":"agreif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30005,"text":"wri004189 - 2000 - Techniques for estimating magnitude and frequency of peak flows for Pennsylvania streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:59:00","indexId":"wri004189","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4189","title":"Techniques for estimating magnitude and frequency of peak flows for Pennsylvania streams","docAbstract":"<p>Regression equations for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on ungaged streams in Pennsylvania with drainage areas less that 2,000 square miles were developed on the basis of peak-flow data collected at 313 streamflow-gaging stations. All streamflow-gaging stations used in the development of the equations had 10 or more years of record and include active and discontinued continuous-record and crest-stage partial-record streamflow-gaging stations. Regional regression equations were developed for flood flows expected every 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years by the use of a weighted multiple linear regression model.</p><p>The State was divided into two regions. The largest region, Region A, encompasses about 78 percent of Pennsylvania. The smaller region, Region B, includes only the northwestern part of the State. Basin characteristics used in the regression equations for Region A are drainage area, percentage of forest cover, percentage of urban development, percentage of basin underlain by carbonate bedrock, and percentage of basin controlled by lakes, swamps, and reservoirs. Basin characteristics used in the regression equations for Region B are drainage area and percentage of basin controlled by lakes, swamps, and reservoirs. The coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) values for the five flood-frequency equations for Region A range from 0.93 to 0.82, and for Region B, the range is from 0.96 to 0.89.</p><p>While the regression equations can be used to predict the magnitude and frequency of peak flows for most streams in the State, they should not be used for streams with drainage areas greater than 2,000 square miles or less than 1.5 square miles, for streams that drain extensively mined areas, or for stream reaches immediately below flood-control reservoirs. In addition, the equations presented for Region B should not be used if the stream drains a basin with more than 5 percent urban development.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Stuckey, M.H., and Reed, L.A., 2000, Techniques for estimating magnitude and frequency of peak flows for Pennsylvania streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4189, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004189.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2447,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4189/wri20004189.pdf","text":"Report","size":"483 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4189"},{"id":159544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4189/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Development of flood-frequency prediction equations&nbsp;</li><li>Limitations of regression equations</li><li>Techniques for estimating magnitude and frequency of peak flows</li><li>Summary and conclusions</li><li>References cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Basin characteristics for streamflow-gaging stations used in the development&nbsp;of the regional regression equations&nbsp;</li><li>Appendix 2. Flood-flow frequencies computed from streamflow-gaging data and regression&nbsp;equations for streamflow-gaging stations used in analysis</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckey, Marla H. 0000-0002-5211-8444 mstuckey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-8444","contributorId":1734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckey","given":"Marla","email":"mstuckey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Lloyd A.","contributorId":79861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23129,"text":"ofr2000245 - 2000 - Interim report on the scientific investigations in the Animas River watershed, Colorado to facilitate remediation decisions by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service, March 29, 2000 meeting, Denver, Colo.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T22:13:45.742285","indexId":"ofr2000245","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-245","title":"Interim report on the scientific investigations in the Animas River watershed, Colorado to facilitate remediation decisions by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service, March 29, 2000 meeting, Denver, Colo.","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\nThe joint U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Department of Agriculture Abandoned Mine Lands\r\nInitiative (AMLI) was developed as a collaborative effort between the Federal land management agencies (FLMA,\r\nthat is the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)\r\nin 1996. The stated goal of the AML Initiative was to develop a strategy for gathering and communicating the\r\nscientific information needed to develop effective and cost-efficient remediation of abandoned mines within the\r\nframework of a watershed. Four primary objectives of the AMLI are to:\r\n1. Provide the scientific information needed (in the short-term) by the FLMAs to make decisions related to the\r\ndesign and implementation of cleanup actions,\r\n2. Develop a multi-disciplined, multi-division approach that integrates geologic, hydrologic, geochemical and\r\necological information into a knowledge base for sound decision making,\r\n3. Transfer technologies developed within the scientific programs of the USGS to the field and demonstrate\r\ntheir suitability to solve real, practical problems, and\r\n4. Establish working relationships among involved members of land management and regulatory agencies\r\nwithin the framework of a watershed approach to the cleanup of abandoned mines.\r\nLong-term process-based research, including development of analytical tools, is recognized as being critical to the\r\nlong-term success in remediating watersheds impacted by historical mining activities (AML 5-year plan,\r\nhttp://amli.usgs.gov/amli).\r\nIn a meeting of Federal agencies (U.S. Bureau of Land Management [BLM], U.S. Bureau of Reclamation\r\n[BOR], U.S. National Park Service [NPS], U.S. Forest Service [USFS], the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\r\n[EPA], the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [F&WS]), and State agencies (Colorado Division of Public Health and\r\nEnvironment, Colorado Division of Mines and Geology), several watersheds were examined within the state whose\r\nwater quality was presumed to be impacted by historical mining activities. The Animas River watershed (fig. 1) was\r\nselected by the State and Federal agencies as one of two watersheds in the U.S. to be studied in detail by the USGS\r\nin the AML Initiative. Beginning in October 1997, each of the four Divisions of the USGS (Water Resources,\r\nGeologic, Biological Resources, and National Mapping) initiated a collaborative integrated science study of the\r\nwatershed. Funds were provided from USGS base funding to each of the four Divisions in response to the priorities\r\nset by Congressional action and within the flexibility provided by the budgetary framework funding individual\r\nresearch programs. The AML Initiative provides for a five-year focused scientific effort in the two watersheds with\r\nfinal synthesis of the scientific results from each to be published in 2001. Publications are released on the AML web\r\nsite on a regular basis (http://amli.usgs.gov/amli).\r\nOn March 29, 2000, the USGS hosted a meeting for the BLM and USFS to discuss remediation options that\r\nwere under consideration for the summer of 2000. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the\r\nscientific rational provided by the USGS to meet objective one above, and to summarize our preliminary\r\ninterpretations of our data. Additional information from sites on private lands have been collected by the State of\r\nColorado, EPA, and the ARSG. Unfortunately, these data have not been fully supplied to the USGS so our\r\nconclusions are based only upon our data. These interpretations provide science-based constraints on possible\r\nremediation options to be considered by the FLMA, the State, and local property owners in the Animas River\r\nwatershed. The report is presented in outline format to facilitate discussion of remediation options at the March 29,\r\n2000 meeting. Not all historical mining sites within the watershed are on public lands. This should not be construed\r\nto be a final report of the USGS","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000245","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Interim report on the scientific investigations in the Animas River watershed, Colorado to facilitate remediation decisions by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service, March 29, 2000 meeting, Denver, Colo. (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-245, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000245.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395418,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26998.htm"},{"id":9154,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Denver","otherGeospatial":"Animas River watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.8,37.773 ], [ -107.8,37.954 ], [ -107.517,37.954 ], [ -107.517,37.773 ], [ -107.8,37.773 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e094d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28821,"text":"wri004096 - 2000 - Characterization and simulation of ground-water flow in the Kansas River Valley at Fort Riley, Kansas, 1990-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri004096","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4096","title":"Characterization and simulation of ground-water flow in the Kansas River Valley at Fort Riley, Kansas, 1990-98","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data and a ground-water flow model were used to characterize ground-water flow in the Kansas River alluvial aquifer at Fort Riley in northeast Kansas. The ground-water flow model was developed as a tool to project ground-water flow and potential contaminant-transport paths in the alluvial aquifer on the basis of past hydrologic conditions. The model also was used to estimate historical and hypothetical ground-water flow paths with respect to a private- and several public-supply wells.  The ground-water flow model area extends from the Smoky Hill and Republican Rivers downstream to about 2.5 miles downstream from the city of Ogden. The Kansas River Valley has low relief and, except for the area within the Fort Riley Military Reservation, is used primarily for crop production. Sedimentary deposits in the Kansas River Valley, formed after the ancestral Kansas River eroded into bedrock, primarily are alluvial sediment deposited by the river during Quaternary time. The alluvial sediment consists of as much as about 75 feet of poorly sorted, coarse-to-fine sand, silt, and clay, 55 feet of which can be saturated with ground water. The alluvial aquifer is unconfined and is bounded on the sides and bottom by Permian-age shale and limestone bedrock. Hydrologic data indicate that ground water in the Kansas River Valley generally flows in a downstream direction, but flow direction can be quite variable near the Kansas River due to changes in river stage. Ground-water-level changes caused by infiltration of precipitation are difficult to detect because they are masked by larger changes caused by fluctuation in Kansas River stage. Ratios of strontium isotopes Sr87 and Sr86 in water collected from wells in the Camp Funston Area indicate that the ground water along the northern valley wall originates, in part, from upland areas north of the river valley. Water from Threemile Creek, which flows out of the uplands north of the river valley, had Sr87:Sr86 ratios similar to those in ground water from wells in the northern Camp Funston Area. In addition, comparison of observed water levels from wells CF90-06, CF97-101, and CF97-401 in the Camp Funston Area and ground-water levels simulated for these wells using floodwave-response analysis indicates that ground-water inflow from bedrock is a hydraulic stress that, in addition to the changing stage in the Kansas River, acts on the aquifer. This hydraulic stress seems to be located near the northern valley wall because the effect of this stress is greater for well CF97-101, which is the well closest to the valley wall. Ground-water flow was simulated using a modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW). Particle tracking, used to visualize ground-water flow paths in the alluvial aquifer, was accomplished using MODPATH. Forward-in-time particle tracking indicated that, in general, particles released near the Kansas River followed much more variable paths than particles released near the valley wall. Although particle tracking does not simulate solute transport, this increased path variability indicates that, near the river, ground-water contaminants could follow many possible paths towards the river, whereas more distant from the river, ground-water contaminants likely would follow a narrower corridor. Particle tracks in the Camp Funston Area indicate that, for the 1990-98 simulation period, contaminants from the ground-water study sites in the Camp Funston Area would be unlikely to move into the vicinity of Ogden's supply wells. Backward-in-time particle tracking indicated that the flow-path and recharge areas for model cells corresponding to Ogden's supply wells lie near the northern valley wall and extend into the northern Camp Funston Area. The flow-path and recharge areas for model cells corresponding to Morris County Rural Water District wells lie within Clarks Creek Valley and probably extend outside the model area. Three hypothetical simulations, i","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004096","usgsCitation":"Myers, N.C., 2000, Characterization and simulation of ground-water flow in the Kansas River Valley at Fort Riley, Kansas, 1990-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4096, viii, 122 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004096.","productDescription":"viii, 122 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95728,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4096/report.pdf","size":"34781","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4096/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Nathan C. 0000-0002-7469-3693 nmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-3693","contributorId":1055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Nathan","email":"nmyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53097,"text":"ofr2000234 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:08:22","indexId":"ofr2000234","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-234","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, located in central Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., and Fischer, B.C., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-234, Document: 8 p.; Plate: 30.01 x 34.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000234.","productDescription":"Document: 8 p.; Plate: 30.01 x 34.01 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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A.","contributorId":100432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Brian C.","contributorId":49832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30098,"text":"wri20004212 - 2000 - Hydrology of the Helena area bedrock, west-central Montana, 1993-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T21:46:37.763023","indexId":"wri20004212","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4212","title":"Hydrology of the Helena area bedrock, west-central Montana, 1993-98","docAbstract":"The Generalized Bedrock Geologic Map of the Helena Area, West-Central Montana (plate 1 in the report) provides an intermediate-scale overview of bedrock in the Helena area. The geologic map has been compiled at a scale of 1:100,000 from the most widely available sources of geologic map information (see index to geologic mapping on pl. 1). That information has been updated by M.W. Reynolds for this report with more recent geologic mapping and field revision of published maps. All well locations and all bedrock units penetrated during drilling have been confirmed on geologic maps at the largest scale available. Source geologic maps are all at scales larger than 1:100,000 scale. Care has been taken to ensure accurate representation of the original geology at the compilation scale. However, positional accuracy of some features might be somewhat diminished at the smaller scale of the base map when compared with the original data source. Also, line thicknesses for contacts and faults necessarily assume a greater width, relative to the real geologic feature, at the scale of the generalized map than on any original map. The map is not intended for large-scale, site-specific detailed planning.\r\n\r\nBedrock units throughout the Helena area are generally covered by young surficial deposits such as alluvium, colluvium, glacial debris, or windblown sediment. Thickness of such deposits varies from veneers through which the underlying bedrock is clearly discernible to major thicknesses that conceal all underlying bedrock and structure. Boundaries of major accumulations of surficial deposits are attributed separately from bedrock contacts. These boundaries should not be considered precise at the map scale or at larger scales. Boundaries shown may be less accurate positionally than bedrock contacts and faults because (1) surficial deposits commonly thin to a knife edge; (2) different mappers will interpret the edge differently when drawing a boundary; or (3) the original geologic map maker was concerned principally with bedrock units and structure and thus overlooked, or did not originally map as consistently, some surficial deposits. Veneers of surficial sediment, when saturated, can be local sources of recharge to underlying bedrock. Use of the generalized map to define their distribution does not substitute for site specific mapping of such deposits.\r\n\r\nSpecific knowledge is needed to determine the water-bearing properties of the geologic units at and surrounding a site because the units, including the igneous and metamorphic rocks, have internal differences in stratigraphy, composition, mineralogy and grain size or crystallinity. These differences, together with structural imprints such as faults, folds, and the spacing, orientation, degree of openness of fractures, and extent and type of mineral filling in fractures and faults, all affect the ability of rocks to store and transmit water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lewis and Clark County Water Quality Protection District","usgsCitation":"Thamke, J., and Reynolds, M.W., 2000, Hydrology of the Helena area bedrock, west-central Montana, 1993-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4212, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004212.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110140,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34501.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34501"},{"id":159162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2373,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri-00-4212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Helena area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.368,\n              46.393\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.787,\n              46.393\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.787,\n              46.791\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.368,\n              46.7951\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.368,\n              46.393\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe185","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Mitchell W. 0000-0002-9966-3896 mwreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9966-3896","contributorId":4641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Mitchell","email":"mwreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31193,"text":"ofr2000497 - 2000 - A Synopsis of Technical Issues for Monitoring Sediment in Highway and Urban Runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr2000497","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-497","title":"A Synopsis of Technical Issues for Monitoring Sediment in Highway and Urban Runoff","docAbstract":"Accurate and representative sediment data are critical for assessing the potential effects of highway and urban runoff on receiving waters. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency identified sediment as the most widespread pollutant in the Nation's rivers and streams, affecting aquatic habitat, drinking water treatment processes, and recreational uses of rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Representative sediment data are also necessary for quantifying and interpreting concentrations, loads, and effects of trace elements and organic constituents associated with highway and urban runoff. Many technical issues associated with the collecting, processing, and analyzing of samples must be addressed to produce valid (useful for intended purposes), current, complete, and technically defensible data for local, regional, and national information needs. All aspects of sediment data-collection programs need to be evaluated, and adequate quality-control data must be collected and documented so that the comparability and representativeness of data obtained for highway- and urban-runoff studies may be assessed.\r\n\r\n\r\nCollection of representative samples for the measurement of sediment in highway and urban runoff involves a number of interrelated issues. Temporal and spatial variability in runoff result from a combination of factors, including volume and intensity of precipitation, rate of snowmelt, and features of the drainage basin such as area, slope, infiltration capacity, channel roughness, and storage characteristics. In small drainage basins such as those found in many highway and urban settings, automatic samplers are often the most suitable method for collecting samples of runoff for a variety of reasons. Indirect sediment-measurement methods are also useful as supplementary and(or) surrogate means for monitoring sediment in runoff. All of these methods have limitations in addition to benefits, which must be identified and quantified to produce representative data. Methods for processing raw sediment samples (including homogenization and subsampling) for subsequent analysis for total suspended solids or suspended-sediment concentration often increase variance and may introduce bias. Processing artifacts can be substantial if the methods used are not appropriate for the concentrations and particle-size distributions present in the samples collected.\r\n\r\nAnalytical methods for determining sediment concentrations include the suspended-sediment\r\nconcentration and the total suspended solids methods. Although the terms suspended-sediment concentration and total suspended solids are often used interchangeably to describe the total concentration of suspended solid-phase material, the analytical methods differ and can produce substantially different results. The total suspended solids method, which commonly is used to produce highway- and urban-runoff sediment data, may not be valid for studies of runoff water quality. Studies of fluvial and highway-runoff sediment data indicate that analyses of samples by the total suspended solids method tends to under represent the true sediment concentration, and that relations between total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentration are not transferable from site to site even when grain-size distribution information is available. Total suspended solids data used to calculate suspended-sediment loads in highways and urban runoff may be fundamentally unreliable. Consequently, use of total suspended solids data may have adverse consequences for the assessment, design, and maintenance of sediment-removal best management practices. Therefore, it may be necessary to analyze water samples using the suspended-sediment concentration method. Data quality, comparability, and utility are important considerations in collection, processing, and analysis of sediment samples and interpretation of sediment data for highway- and urban-runoff studies. Results from sediment studies must be comparable and readily transf","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000497","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (A Contribution to the National Highway Runoff Data and Methodology Synthesis)","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., Gray, J.R., Smith, K.P., and Glysson, G.D., 2000, A Synopsis of Technical Issues for Monitoring Sediment in Highway and Urban Runoff: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-497, viii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000497.","productDescription":"viii, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ma.water.usgs.gov/fhwa/ndamsp1.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-497/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd496ce4b0b290850ef270","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29355,"text":"wri004135 - 2000 - Methods for estimating low-flow statistics for Massachusetts streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri004135","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4135","title":"Methods for estimating low-flow statistics for Massachusetts streams","docAbstract":"Methods and computer software are described in this report for determining flow duration, low-flow frequency statistics, and August median flows. These low-flow statistics can be estimated for unregulated streams in Massachusetts using different methods depending on whether the location of interest is at a streamgaging station, a low-flow partial-record station, or an ungaged site where no data are available. Low-flow statistics for streamgaging stations can be estimated using standard U.S. Geological Survey methods described in the report. The MOVE.1 mathematical method and a graphical correlation method can be used to estimate low-flow statistics for low-flow partial-record stations. The MOVE.1 method is recommended when the relation between measured flows at a partial-record station and daily mean flows at a nearby, hydrologically similar streamgaging station is linear, and the graphical method is recommended when the relation is curved. Equations are presented for computing the variance and equivalent years of record for estimates of low-flow statistics for low-flow partial-record stations when either a single or multiple index stations are used to determine the estimates. The drainage-area ratio method or regression equations can be used to estimate low-flow statistics for ungaged sites where no data are available. The drainage-area ratio method is generally as accurate as or more accurate than regression estimates when the drainage-area ratio for an ungaged site is between 0.3 and 1.5 times the drainage area of the index data-collection site. Regression equations were developed to estimate the natural, long-term 99-, 98-, 95-, 90-, 85-, 80-, 75-, 70-, 60-, and 50-percent duration flows; the 7-day, 2-year and the 7-day, 10-year low flows; and the August median flow for ungaged sites in Massachusetts. Streamflow statistics and basin characteristics for 87 to 133 streamgaging stations and low-flow partial-record stations were used to develop the equations. The streamgaging stations had from 2 to 81 years of record, with a mean record length of 37 years. The low-flow partial-record stations had from 8 to 36 streamflow measurements, with a median of 14 measurements. All basin characteristics were determined from digital map data. The basin characteristics that were statistically significant in most of the final regression equations were drainage area, the area of stratified-drift deposits per unit of stream length plus 0.1, mean basin slope, and an indicator variable that was 0 in the eastern region and 1 in the western region of Massachusetts. The equations were developed by use of weighted-least-squares regression analyses, with weights assigned proportional to the years of record and inversely proportional to the variances of the streamflow statistics for the stations. Standard errors of prediction ranged from 70.7 to 17.5 percent for the equations to predict the 7-day, 10-year low flow and 50-percent duration flow, respectively. The equations are not applicable for use in the Southeast Coastal region of the State, or where basin characteristics for the selected ungaged site are outside the ranges of those for the stations used in the regression analyses. A World Wide Web application was developed that provides streamflow statistics for data collection stations from a data base and for ungaged sites by measuring the necessary basin characteristics for the site and solving the regression equations. Output provided by the Web application for ungaged sites includes a map of the drainage-basin boundary determined for the site, the measured basin characteristics, the estimated streamflow statistics, and 90-percent prediction intervals for the estimates. An equation is provided for combining regression and correlation estimates to obtain improved estimates of the streamflow statistics for low-flow partial-record stations. An equation is also provided for combining regression and drainage-area ratio estimates to obtain improved e","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004135","usgsCitation":"Ries, K., and Friesz, P.J., 2000, Methods for estimating low-flow statistics for Massachusetts streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4135, v, 81 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004135.","productDescription":"v, 81 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004135","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a1ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friesz, Paul J. 0000-0002-4660-2336 pfriesz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4660-2336","contributorId":1075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesz","given":"Paul","email":"pfriesz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29329,"text":"wri20004102 - 2000 - Suspended sediment in the Indiana Harbor Canal and the Grand Calumet River, northwestern Indiana, May 1996-June 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T19:38:06.047806","indexId":"wri20004102","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4102","title":"Suspended sediment in the Indiana Harbor Canal and the Grand Calumet River, northwestern Indiana, May 1996-June 1998","docAbstract":"<p>Suspended-sediment samples and streamflow data were collected from May 1996 through June 1998 at three sites in the Grand Calumet River Basin - Indiana Harbor Canal at East Chicago, the east branch of the Grand Calumet River at Gary, and the west branch of the Grand Calumet River at Hammond. Sample analysis allowed for retention of sediments of 0.0015 millimeters or larger.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri20004102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the US Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Renn, D.E., 2000, Suspended sediment in the Indiana Harbor Canal and the Grand Calumet River, northwestern Indiana, May 1996-June 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4102, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004102.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","startPage":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-05-01","temporalEnd":"1998-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410642,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34801.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/wri00-4102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Harbor Canal, Grand Calumet River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.563,\n              41.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.563,\n              41.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.25,\n              41.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.25,\n              41.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.563,\n              41.583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renn, Danny E.","contributorId":14808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renn","given":"Danny","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}