Adaptation to different thermal environments has the potential to cause evolutionary changes that are sufficient to drive ecological speciation. Here, we examine whether climate-based niche divergence in lizards of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex is consistent with the outcomes of such a process. Previous work on this group shows that a mechanical sexual barrier has evolved between species that differ mainly in body size and that the barrier may be a by-product of selection for increased body size in lineages that have invaded xeric environments; however, baseline information on niche divergence among members of the group is lacking. We quantified the climatic niche using mechanistic physiological and correlative niche models and then estimated niche differences among species using ordination techniques and tests of niche overlap and equivalency. Our results show that the thermal niches of size-divergent, reproductively isolated morphospecies are significantly differentiated and that precipitation may have been as important as temperature in causing increased shifts in body size in xeric habitats. While these findings alone do not demonstrate thermal adaptation or identify the cause of speciation, their integration with earlier genetic and behavioral studies provides a useful test of phenotype–environment associations that further support the case for ecological speciation in these lizards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1610","usgsCitation":"Wogan, G.O., and Richmond, J.Q., 2015, Niche divergence builds the case for ecological speciation in skinks of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 20, p. 4683-4695, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1610.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4683","endPage":"4695","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066537","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1610","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333585e4b048076347eea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wogan, Guinevere O.U.","contributorId":149463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wogan","given":"Guinevere","email":"","middleInitial":"O.U.","affiliations":[{"id":17743,"text":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159437,"text":"70159437 - 2015 - Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:42:12","indexId":"70159437","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades","docAbstract":"Carbon cycling in mangrove forests represents a significant portion of the coastal wetland carbon (C) budget across the latitudes of the tropics and subtropics. Previous research suggests fluctuations in tidal inundation, temperature and salinity can influence forest metabolism and C cycling. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from respiration that occurs from below the canopy is contributed from different components. In this study, we investigated variation in CO2 flux among different below-canopy components (soil, leaf litter, course woody debris, soil including pneumatophores, prop roots, and surface water) in a riverine mangrove forest of Shark River Slough estuary, Everglades National Park (Florida, USA). The range in CO2 flux from different components exceeded that measured among sites along the oligohaline-saline gradient. Black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) pneumatophores contributed the largest average CO2 flux. Over a narrow range of estuarine salinity (25–35 practical salinity units (PSU)), increased salinity resulted in lower CO2 flux to the atmosphere. Tidal inundation reduced soil CO2 flux overall but increased the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) observed in the overlying surface water upon flooding. Higher pCO2 in surface water is then subject to tidally driven export, largely as HCO3. Integration and scaling of CO2 flux rates to forest scale allowed for improved understanding of the relative contribution of different below-canopy components to mangrove forest ecosystem respiration (ER). Summing component CO2fluxes suggests a more significant contribution of below-canopy respiration to ER than previously considered. An understanding of below-canopy CO2 component fluxes and their contributions to ER can help to elucidate how C cycling will change with discrete disturbance events (e.g., hurricanes) and long-term change, including sea-level rise, and potential impact mangrove forests. As such, key controls on below-canopy ER must be taken into consideration when developing and modeling mangrove forest C budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012","usgsCitation":"Troxler, T.G., Barr, J.G., Fuentes, J.D., Engel, V.C., Anderson, G.H., Sanchez, C., Lagomosino, D., Price, R., and Davis, S., 2015, Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 213, p. 273-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059705","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471698,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Shark River Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 24.886436490787688\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 26.165298896316042\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.165298896316042\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 24.886436490787688\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 24.886436490787688\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"213","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333581e4b048076347ee97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troxler, Tiffany G.","contributorId":140212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troxler","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, Jordan G.","contributorId":85809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13531,"text":"South Florida Natural Resource Center, Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuentes, Jose D.","contributorId":97231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engel, Victor C. 0000-0002-3858-7308 vengel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":2329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Victor","email":"vengel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Gordon H. 0000-0003-1675-8329 gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-8329","contributorId":2771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gordon","email":"gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanchez, Christopher","contributorId":149511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17759,"text":"Univ. of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lagomosino, David","contributorId":149512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lagomosino","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Price, Rene","contributorId":149513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Rene","affiliations":[{"id":17760,"text":"Florida International Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Davis, Stephen E.","contributorId":73494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Stephen E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70178331,"text":"70178331 - 2015 - Influence of hyporheic exchange, substrate distribution, and other physically-linked hydrogeomorphic characteristics on abundance of freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-11T14:00:24","indexId":"70178331","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of hyporheic exchange, substrate distribution, and other physically-linked hydrogeomorphic characteristics on abundance of freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"Both endangered and non-endangered unionid mussels are heterogeneously distributed within the Allegheny River,\nPennsylvania. Mussel populations vary from high to low density downstream of Kinzua Dam, and the direction, amount, and\nrange of hyporheic exchange (seepage) at the sediment–water interface were suspected to influence their distribution and\nabundance. Nineteen hydrogeomorphic variables, including the quantification of seepage metrics, substrate size, river stage, river\ndischarge, and shear stress, were measured at five reaches on the Allegheny River within 80 km downstream of Kinzua Dam.\nAnalysis revealed significant (α = 0·05) non-linear correlations between mussel population density and directional mean seepage\n(positive relationship), river width (positive relationship), and median substrate size (negative relationship). Specifically, seepage\nfindings showed that increases in upward seepage and decreases in the overall range of seepage related to increases in mussel\npopulation density. River width, directional mean seepage, and median substrate size were also found to co-vary with marginal\nsignificance (α = 0·1), making their individual influences on mussel population density uncertain. Absolute mean seepage, water\ndepth, hydraulic head, temperature differences between the surface water and substrate, and other substrate metrics besides\nmedian grain size were not found to significantly correlate to mussel population density. Considering the physical processes often\nlinking seepage to other explanatory variables, future research in seepage–mussel relationships should work to isolate the\nmechanistic influence of hyporheic exchange independently from its common covariation with substrate size and\ngeomorphology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","doi":"10.1002/eco.1581","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., Klos, P.Z., and Bumgardner, R.V., 2015, Influence of hyporheic exchange, substrate distribution, and other physically-linked hydrogeomorphic characteristics on abundance of freshwater mussels: Ecohydrology, v. 8, no. 7, p. 1284-1291, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1581.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1284","endPage":"1291","ipdsId":"IP-030163","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6011962890625,\n 40.94256444133327\n ],\n [\n -80.6011962890625,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -77.0196533203125,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -77.0196533203125,\n 40.94256444133327\n ],\n [\n -80.6011962890625,\n 40.94256444133327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5826b62de4b01fad86eb904f","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/eco.1581","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1581","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Klos P. Zion, Rosenberry Donald O., Nelson Glenn R.","journalName":"Ecohydrology","publicationDate":"11/27/2014","auditedOn":"12/15/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klos, P. Zion","contributorId":176826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klos","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Zion","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bumgardner, Rita Villella","contributorId":168441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bumgardner","given":"Rita","email":"","middleInitial":"Villella","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70159657,"text":"70159657 - 2015 - Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-17T16:31:36","indexId":"70159657","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development","docAbstract":"Fire-induced permafrost degradation is well documented in boreal forests, but the role of fires in initiating thermokarst development in Arctic tundra is less well understood. Here we show that Arctic tundra fires may induce widespread thaw subsidence of permafrost terrain in the first seven years following the disturbance. Quantitative analysis of airborne LiDAR data acquired two and seven years post-fire, detected permafrost thaw subsidence across 34% of the burned tundra area studied, compared to less than 1% in similar undisturbed, ice-rich tundra terrain units. The variability in thermokarst development appears to be influenced by the interaction of tundra fire burn severity and near-surface, ground-ice content. Subsidence was greatest in severely burned, ice-rich upland terrain (yedoma), accounting for ~50% of the detected subsidence, despite representing only 30% of the fire disturbed study area. Microtopography increased by 340% in this terrain unit as a result of ice wedge degradation. Increases in the frequency, magnitude, and severity of tundra fires will contribute to future thermokarst development and associated landscape change in Arctic tundra regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep15865","collaboration":"Guido Grosse, Christopher D. Arp, Eric Miller, Lin Liu, Daniel J. Hayes & Christopher F. Larsen","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Arp, C.D., Miller, E.K., Liu, L., Hayes, D.J., and Larsen, C., 2015, Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development: Scientific Reports, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15865.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065470","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15865","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep15865"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anaktuvuk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 69.58056349224898\n ],\n [\n -150.1611328125,\n 69.63415831720732\n ],\n [\n -149.6337890625,\n 68.71246485443845\n ],\n [\n -149.600830078125,\n 68.6245436634471\n ],\n [\n -151.336669921875,\n 68.48395536734631\n ],\n [\n -151.776123046875,\n 69.5690613327378\n ],\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 69.58056349224898\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5de6e4b0ebfbef0d348d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Eric K.","contributorId":55244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Lingli","contributorId":9926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Lingli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, Daniel J.","contributorId":100237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Larsen, Christopher F.","contributorId":107178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Christopher F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156960,"text":"ofr20151172 - 2015 - Performance evaluation of five turbidity sensors in three primary standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T13:25:26.52461","indexId":"ofr20151172","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-28T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1172","displayTitle":"Performance Evaluation of Five Turbidity Sensors in Three Primary Standards","title":"Performance evaluation of five turbidity sensors in three primary standards","docAbstract":"The Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) consists of a combination of natural and manmade channels that form an interconnected navigable waterway of approximately 90-plus miles in the metropolitan Chicago area of northeastern Illinois. The CAWS serves the area as the primary drainage feature, a waterway transportation corridor, and recreational waterbody. The CAWS was constructed by the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC). Completion of the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (initial portion of the CAWS) in 1900 breached a low drainage divide and resulted in a diversion of water from the Lake Michigan Basin. A U.S. Supreme Court decree (Consent Decree 388 U.S. 426 [1967] Modified 449 U.S. 48 [1980]) limits the annual diversion from Lake Michigan. While the State of Illinois is responsible for the diversion, the MWRDGC regulates and maintains water level and water quality within the CAWS by using several waterway control structures. The operation and control of water levels in the CAWS results in a very complex hydraulic setting characterized by highly unsteady flows. The complexity leads to unique gaging requirements and monitoring issues. This report provides a general discussion of the complex hydraulic setting within the CAWS and quantifies this information with examples of data collected at a range of flow conditions from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gaging stations and other locations within the CAWS. Monitoring to address longstanding issues of waterway operation, as well as current (2014) emerging issues such as wastewater disinfection and the threat from aquatic invasive species, is included in the discussion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency– Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Duncker, J.J. and Johnson, K.K., 2015, Hydrology of and current monitoring issues for the Chicago Area Waterway\nSystem, northeastern Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5115, 48 p., https://dx.doi.\norg/10.3133/sir20155115.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038442","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310678,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5115/sir20155115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5115"},{"id":310677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5115/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 42.18579390537848\n ],\n [\n -87.47039794921874,\n 42.18579390537848\n ],\n [\n -87.47039794921874,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 41.57847058443442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N. Goodwin Avenue
Urbana, IL 61801
http://il.water.usgs.gov/
About 35 million years ago, a 2-mile-wide meteorite smashed into Earth in what is now the lower Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. The oceanic impact vaporized, melted, fractured, and displaced rocks and sediments and sent billions of tons of water, sediments, and rocks into the air. Glassy particles of solidified melt rock rained down as far away as Texas and the Caribbean. Large tsunamis affected most of the North Atlantic basin. The resulting impact structure is more than 53 miles wide and has a 23-mile-wide, filled central crater surrounded by collapsed sediments. Now buried by hundreds of feet of younger sediments, the Chesapeake Bay impact structure is among the 20 largest known impact structures on Earth.
\nSince its discovery in the early 1990s, scientists have conducted deep drilling and geophysical surveys of the impact structure to find out more about its size, composition, structure, age, and biological effects and to understand its lingering influences on the regional groundwater system. These efforts culminated in the drilling of a 1-mile-deep, continuously sampled corehole in 2005 by an international group of scientists and agencies.
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About 35 million years ago, during late Eocene time, a 2-mile-wide asteroid or comet smashed into Earth in what is now the lower Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. The oceanic impact vaporized, melted, fractured, and (or) displaced the target rocks and sediments and sent billions of tons of water, sediments, and rocks into the air. Glassy particles of solidified melt rock rained down as far away as Texas and the Caribbean. Models suggest that even up to 50 miles away the velocity of the intensely hot air blast was greater than 1,500 miles per hour, and ground shaking was equivalent to an earthquake greater than magnitude 8.0 on the Richter scale. Large tsunamis affected most of the North Atlantic basin. The Chesapeake Bay impact structure is among the 20 largest known impact structures on Earth.
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From October 26-28, 2015, nearly 100 members of the coastal management and research communities met in Kitty Hawk, NC, USA to bridge the apparent gap between the coastal dune research of scientists and engineers and the needs of coastal management practitioners. The workshop aimed to identify the challenges involved in building and managing dunes on developed coasts, assess the extent to which scientific knowledge can be applied to the management community, and identify approaches to provide means to bridge the gap between needs and potential solutions.
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2015 - Large-scale range collapse of Hawaiian forest birds under climate change and the need 21st century conservation options","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:44:27","indexId":"70159974","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale range collapse of Hawaiian forest birds under climate change and the need 21st century conservation options","docAbstract":"Hawaiian forest birds serve as an ideal group to explore the extent of climate change impacts on at-risk species. Avian malaria constrains many remaining Hawaiian forest bird species to high elevations where temperatures are too cool for malaria's life cycle and its principal mosquito vector. The impact of climate change on Hawaiian forest birds has been a recent focus of Hawaiian conservation biology, and has centered on the links between climate and avian malaria. To elucidate the differential impacts of projected climate shifts on species with known varying niches, disease resistance and tolerance, we use a comprehensive database of species sightings, regional climate projections and ensemble distribution models to project distribution shifts for all Hawaiian forest bird species. We illustrate that, under a likely scenario of continued disease-driven distribution limitation, all 10 species with highly reliable models (mostly narrow-ranged, single-island endemics) are expected to lose >50% of their range by 2100. Of those, three are expected to lose all range and three others are expected to lose >90% of their range. Projected range loss was smaller for several of the more widespread species; however improved data and models are necessary to refine future projections. Like other at-risk species, Hawaiian forest birds have specific habitat requirements that limit the possibility of range expansion for most species, as projected expansion is frequently in areas where forest habitat is presently not available (such as recent lava flows). Given the large projected range losses for all species, protecting high elevation forest alone is not an adequate long-term strategy for many species under climate change. We describe the types of additional conservation actions practitioners will likely need to consider, while providing results to help with such considerations.
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A.","contributorId":107200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amidon","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 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research","docAbstract":"The recent commercial availability of in-situ optical sensors, together with new techniques for data collection and analysis, provides the opportunity to monitor a wide range of water-quality constituents over time scales during which environmental conditions actually change. Traditional approaches for data collection (daily to monthly discrete samples) are often limited by high sample collection, processing, and analytical costs, difficult site access, and logistical challenges, particularly for long-term sampling at a large number of sites. Optical sensors that continuously measure constituents in the environment by absorbance or fluorescence properties (Figure 1) have had a long history of use in oceanography for measuring highly resolved concentrations and fluxes of organic matter, nutrients, and algal material. However, much of the work using commercially-available optical sensors in rivers and streams has taken place in only the last few years. Figure 1. [NOT SHOWN] Optical sensor technology is now sufficiently developed to warrant broader application for research and monitoring in coastal and freshwater systems, and the United States Geological Survey (a U.S. science agency) is now using these sensors in a variety of research and monitoring programs to better understand water quality in-situ and in real-time. Examples are numerous and range from the applications of nitrate sensors for calculating loads to estuaries susceptible to hypoxia (Pellerin et al., 2014) to the use of fluorometers to estimate methymercury fluxes (Bergamaschi et al., 2011) and disinfection byproduct formation (Carpenter et al., 2013). Transmitting these data in real-time provides information that can be used for early trend detection, help identify monitoring gaps critical for water management, and provide science-based decision support across a range of issues related to water quality, freshwater ecosystems, and human health. Despite the value of these sensors, collecting data that meet high-quality standards requires investment in and adherence to tested and established methods and protocols for sensor operation and data management (Pellerin et al., 2013). For example, optical sensor measurements can be strongly influenced by a variety of matrix effects, including water temperature, inner filtering from highly colored water, and scattering of light by suspended particles (Downing et al., 2012). Characterizing and correcting sensors for these effects – as well as the continued development of common methodologies and protocols for sensor use – will be critical to ensuring comparable measurements across sites and over time. In addition, collaborative efforts such as the Nutrient Sensor Challenge (www.nutrients-challenge.org) will continue to accelerate the development, production and use of affordable, reliable and accurate sensors for a range of environments. REFERENCES Bergamaschi .B.A., Fleck J.A., Downing B.D., Boss E., Pellerin B.A., Ganju N.K., Schoellhamer D.H., Byington A.A., Heim W.A., Stephenson M., Fujii R. (2011), Methyl mercury dynamics in a tidal wetland quantified using in situ optical measurements. Limnology and Oceanography, 56(4): 1355-1371. Carpenter K.D., Kraus T.E.C., Goldman J.H., Saraceno J., Downing B.D., Bergamaschi B.A., McGhee G., Triplett T. (2013), Sources and Characteristics of Organic Matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, Related to the Formation of Disinfection By-products in Treated Drinking Water: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5001, 78 p. Downing .B.D., Pellerin B.A., Bergamaschi B.A., Saraceno J., Kraus T.E.K. (2012), Seeing the light: The effects of particles, temperature and inner filtering on in situ CDOM fluorescence in rivers and streams. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 10: 767-775. Pellerin B.A., Bergamaschi B.A., Downing B.D., Saraceno J., Garrett J.D., Olsen L.D. (2013), Optical Techniques for the Determination of Nitrate in En
","conferenceTitle":"The SMART water grid International conference","conferenceDate":"October 27-28, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Incheon, South Korea","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., 2015, Applications of optical sensors for high-frequency water-quality monitoring and research, The SMART water grid International conference, Incheon, South Korea, October 27-28, 2015, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068720","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307561,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.swgic.org/sub/information/schedule.htm"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5643233ce4b0aafbcd017fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. 0000-0003-3712-7884 bpeller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3712-7884","contributorId":147077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156292,"text":"70156292 - 2015 - Simulating maize yield and bomass with spatial variability of soil field capacity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:35:22","indexId":"70156292","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":684,"text":"Agronomy Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating maize yield and bomass with spatial variability of soil field capacity","docAbstract":"Spatial variability in field soil properties is a challenge for system modelers who use single representative values, such as means, for model inputs, rather than their distributions. In this study, the root zone water quality model (RZWQM2) was first calibrated for 4 yr of maize (Zea mays L.) data at six irrigation levels in northern Colorado and then used to study spatial variability of soil field capacity (FC) estimated in 96 plots on maize yield and biomass. The best results were obtained when the crop parameters were fitted along with FCs, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 354 kg ha–1 for yield and 1202 kg ha–1 for biomass. When running the model using each of the 96 sets of field-estimated FC values, instead of calibrating FCs, the average simulated yield and biomass from the 96 runs were close to measured values with a RMSE of 376 kg ha–1 for yield and 1504 kg ha–1 for biomass. When an average of the 96 FC values for each soil layer was used, simulated yield and biomass were also acceptable with a RMSE of 438 kg ha–1 for yield and 1627 kg ha–1 for biomass. Therefore, when there are large numbers of FC measurements, an average value might be sufficient for model inputs. However, when the ranges of FC measurements were known for each soil layer, a sampled distribution of FCs using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) might be used for model inputs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/agronj2015.0206","usgsCitation":"Ma, L., Ahuja, L., Trout, T., Nolan, B.T., and Malone, R.W., 2015, Simulating maize yield and bomass with spatial variability of soil field capacity: Agronomy Journal, v. 108, no. 1, p. 171-184, https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0206.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060069","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e492ae4b0e7a44bc41a6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":6751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahuja, Lajpat","contributorId":100275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahuja","given":"Lajpat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trout, Thomas","contributorId":95785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trout","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malone, Robert W.","contributorId":10347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70158608,"text":"ds964 - 2015 - Public-supply water use in Kansas, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T10:29:28","indexId":"ds964","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"964","title":"Public-supply water use in Kansas, 2013","docAbstract":"This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Agriculture’s Division of Water Resources, presents derivative statistics of water used by Kansas public-supply systems in 2013. The published statistics from the previous 4 years (2009–12) are also shown with the 2013 statistics and are used to calculate a 5-year average. An overall Kansas average and regional averages also are calculated and presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds964","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Agriculture’s Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Lanning-Rush, J.L., and Eslick, P.J., 2015, Public-supply water use in Kansas, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data\nSeries 964, 46 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds964.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 46 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-067633","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0964/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310299,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0964/downloads/appendix2-non_primary_mun.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"33.8 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U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
http://ks.water.usgs.gov
The Mariana Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus guami) is a highly endangered taxon, with fewer than 300 individuals estimated to occur in the wild. The subspecies is believed to have undergone population declines attributable to loss of wetland habitats on its native islands in the Mariana Islands. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (control region and ND2 genes) and nuclear microsatellite loci in Mariana Common Moorhens from Guam and Saipan, the two most distal islands inhabited by the subspecies. Our analyses revealed similar nuclear genetic diversity and effective population size estimates on Saipan and Guam. Birds from Guam and Saipan were genetically differentiated (microsatellites: FST = 0.152; control region: FST = 0.736; ND2: FST= 0.390); however, assignment tests revealed the presence of first-generation dispersers from Guam onto Saipan (1 of 27 sampled birds) and from Saipan onto Guam (2 of 28 sampled birds), suggesting the capability for long-distance interpopulation movements within the subspecies. The observed dispersal rate was consistent with long-term estimates of effective numbers of migrants per generation between islands, indicating that movement between islands has been an ongoing process in this system. Despite known population declines, bottleneck tests revealed no signature of historical bottleneck events, suggesting that the magnitude of past population declines may have been comparatively small relative to the severity of declines that can be detected using genetic data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-15-42.1","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Mullins, T.D., Haig, S.M., Takano, L.L., and Garcia, K., 2015, Genetic structure, diversity, and interisland dispersal in the endangered Mariana Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus guami): The Condor, v. 117, no. 4, p. 660-669, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-15-42.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"660","endPage":"669","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064457","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-15-42.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F6FFRD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mariana common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus guami) blood and tissue sample collection data, 2000-2001"},{"id":310672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guam, Saipan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.80711364746094,\n 15.294782590260944\n ],\n [\n 145.70823669433594,\n 15.221914134418109\n ],\n [\n 145.67733764648438,\n 15.117204423332618\n ],\n [\n 145.74600219726562,\n 15.084720636278325\n ],\n [\n 145.80299377441406,\n 15.166252139299058\n ],\n [\n 145.83938598632812,\n 15.275574270229807\n ],\n [\n 145.80711364746094,\n 15.294782590260944\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.84855651855466,\n 13.664002223865454\n ],\n [\n 144.788818359375,\n 13.523178603049868\n ],\n [\n 144.6954345703125,\n 13.481115555981754\n ],\n [\n 144.60548400878906,\n 13.452401604399896\n ],\n [\n 144.64393615722656,\n 13.400975000901058\n ],\n [\n 144.6233367919922,\n 13.341520159660119\n ],\n [\n 144.65904235839844,\n 13.257991471072014\n ],\n [\n 144.72564697265625,\n 13.239945499286312\n ],\n [\n 144.78057861328125,\n 13.294079395677374\n ],\n [\n 144.7949981689453,\n 13.40631853735722\n ],\n [\n 144.93301391601562,\n 13.518505297457194\n ],\n [\n 144.9721527099609,\n 13.610619236277133\n ],\n [\n 144.84855651855466,\n 13.664002223865454\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563092bae4b093cee78203ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - 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2015 - Photosynthetic and growth response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) mature trees and seedlings to calcium, magnesium, and nitrogen additions in the Catskill Mountains, NY, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T11:52:47","indexId":"70159385","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photosynthetic and growth response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) mature trees and seedlings to calcium, magnesium, and nitrogen additions in the Catskill Mountains, NY, USA","docAbstract":"Decline of sugar maple in North American forests has been attributed to changes in soil calcium (Ca) and nitrogen (N) by acidic precipitation. Although N is an essential and usually a limiting factor in forests, atmospheric N deposition may cause N-saturation leading to loss of soil Ca. Such changes can affect carbon gain and growth of sugar maple trees and seedlings. We applied a 22 factorial arrangement of N and dolomitic limestone containing Ca and Magnesium (Mg) to 12 forest plots in the Catskill Mountain region of NY, USA. To quantify the short-term effects, we measured photosynthetic-light responses of sugar maple mature trees and seedlings two or three times during two summers. We estimated maximum net photosynthesis (An-max) and its related light intensity (PAR at An-max), apparent quantum efficiency (Aqe), and light compensation point (LCP). To quantify the long-term effects, we measured basal area of living mature trees before and 4 and 8 years after treatment applications. Soil and foliar chemistry variables were also measured. Dolomitic limestone increased Ca, Mg, and pH in the soil Oe horizon. Mg was increased in the B horizon when comparing the plots receiving N with those receiving CaMg. In mature trees, foliar Ca and Mg concentrations were higher in the CaMg and N+CaMg plots than in the reference or N plots; foliar Ca concentration was higher in the N+CaMg plots compared with the CaMg plots, foliar Mg was higher in the CaMg plots than the N+CaMg plots; An-max was maximized due to N+CaMg treatment; Aqe decreased by N addition; and PAR at An-max increased by N or CaMg treatments alone, but the increase was maximized by their combination. No treatment effect was detected on basal areas of living mature trees four or eight years after treatment applications. In seedlings, An-max was increased by N+CaMg addition. The reference plots had an open herbaceous layer, but the plots receiving N had a dense monoculture of common woodfern in the forest floor, which can impede seedling survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0136148","usgsCitation":"Momen, B., Behling, S.J., Lawrence, G.B., and Sullivan, J., 2015, Photosynthetic and growth response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) mature trees and seedlings to calcium, magnesium, and nitrogen additions in the Catskill Mountains, NY, USA: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 8, e0136148: 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136148.","productDescription":"e0136148: 14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063530","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136148","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n \n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.28190112113953,\n 41.588349439776536\n ],\n [\n -74.28190112113953,\n 41.59220106153868\n ],\n [\n -74.276043176651,\n 41.59220106153868\n ],\n [\n -74.276043176651,\n 41.588349439776536\n ],\n [\n -74.28190112113953,\n 41.588349439776536\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563092bce4b093cee78203ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Momen, Bahram","contributorId":149419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Momen","given":"Bahram","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17728,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology Dept, University of MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behling, Shawna J","contributorId":149420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behling","given":"Shawna","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":17729,"text":"Plant Science & Landscape Architecture Dept, University of MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, Joseph H","contributorId":149421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Joseph H","affiliations":[{"id":17730,"text":"Plant Science & Landscape Architesture Dept, University of MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159386,"text":"70159386 - 2015 - Regional growth decline of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and its potential causes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T11:40:41","indexId":"70159386","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional growth decline of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and its potential causes","docAbstract":"Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) has experienced poor vigor, regeneration failure, and elevated mortality across much of its range, but there has been relatively little attention to its growth rates. Based on a well-replicated dendrochronological network of range-centered populations in the Adirondack Mountains (USA), which encompassed a wide gradient of soil fertility, we observed that the majority of sugar maple trees exhibited negative growth trends in the last several decades, regardless of age, diameter, or soil fertility. Such growth patterns were unexpected, given recent warming and increased moisture availability, as well as reduced acidic deposition, which should have favored growth. Mean basal area increment was greater on base-rich soils, but these stands also experienced sharp reductions in growth. Growth sensitivity of sugar maple to temperature and precipitation was non-stationary during the last century, with overall weaker relationships than expected. Given the favorable competitive status and age structure of the Adirondack sugar maple populations sampled, evidence of widespread growth reductions raises concern over this ecologically and economically important tree. Further study will be needed to establish whether growth declines of sugar maple are occurring more widely across its range.
A series of 10 digital flood-inundation maps were developed for a 3.3-mile reach of the North River in Colrain, Charlemont, and Shelburne, Massachusetts, by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The coverage of the maps extends from the confluence of the East and West Branch North Rivers to the Deerfield River. Peak-flow estimates at the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities were computed for the reach from updated flood-frequency analyses. These peak flows were routed through a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model to obtain the corresponding peak water-surface elevations and to place the tropical storm Irene flood of August 28, 2011, into historical context. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current [2015] stage-discharge relation at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage North River at Shattuckville, MA (station number 01169000), and from documented high-water marks from the tropical storm Irene flood, which had a peak flow with approximately a 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability.
\nA hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for 10 flood stages referenced to the streamgage and ranging from 6.6 feet (ft; 464.5 ft North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [which is approximately bankfull]) to 18.3 ft (476.2 ft North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [which is the stage of the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability peak flow and exceeds the maximum recorded water level at the streamgage and the National Weather Service major flood stage of 13.0 ft]. The mapped stages of 6.6 to 18.3 ft were selected to match the stages of flows for bankfull; the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities; and an incremental stage of 17.0 ft. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data with a 0.5-ft vertical accuracy to create a set of flood-inundation maps.
\nThe availability of the flood-inundation maps, combined with information regarding near-real-time stage from the U.S. Geological Survey North River at Shattuckville, MA streamgage can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, and postflood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory, but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during selected peak-flow events. Introduction
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., Lombard, P.J., and Dudley, R.W., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for the North River in Colrain, Charlemont, and Shelburne, Massachusetts, from the confluence of the East and West Branch North Rivers to the Deerfield River: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5108, 16 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155108.","productDescription":"Report: v, 15 p.; Appendixes: 1-2; Application site; Metadata; Spacial data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061968","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310349,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/sir20155108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310384,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_flood-inundation-gis.zip","text":"Flood Inundation - GIS","size":"4.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310385,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_flood-inundation-gis-metadata.xml","text":"Flood Inundation - GIS Metadata (xml)","size":"12.5 KB","description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310386,"rank":8,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://wimcloud.usgs.gov/apps/FIM/FloodInundationMapper.html","text":"Flood Inundation Mapper","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":310383,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_appendix2-shapefiles.zip","text":"Appendix 2 - Shapefiles","size":"31 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310382,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_appendix2-metadata.xml","text":"Appendix 2 - Metadata (xml)","size":"11.8 KB","description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310350,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_app1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"13.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310629,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Colrain, Charlemont, Shelburne, Shattuckville","otherGeospatial":"North River, Deerfield River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.0810546875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n 42.70665956351041\n ],\n [\n -73.0810546875,\n 42.70665956351041\n ],\n [\n -73.0810546875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/
Coral reefs rival rainforest in biodiversity, but are declining in part because of disease. Tissue loss lesions, a manifestation of disease, are present in dominant Pocillopora along the Pacific coast of Mexico. We characterized tissue loss in 7 species of Pocillopora from 9 locations (44 sites) spanning southern to northern Mexico. Corals were identified to species, and tissue loss lesions were photographed and classified as those explainable by predation and those that were unexplained. A focal predation study was done concurrently at 3 locations to confirm origin of explained lesions. Of 1054 cases of tissue loss in 7 species of corals, 84% were associated with predation (fish, snails, or seastar) and the remainder were unexplained. Types of tissue loss were not related to coral density; however there was significant geographic heterogeneity in type of lesion; one site in particular (Cabo Pulmo) had the highest prevalence of predator-induced tissue loss (mainly pufferfish predation). Crown-of-thorns starfish, pufferfish, and snails were the most common predators and preferred P. verrucosa, P. meandrina, and P. capitata, respectively. Of the 9 locations, 4 had unexplained tissue loss with prevalence ranging from 1 to 3% with no species predilection. Unexplained tissue loss was similar to white syndrome (WS) in morphology, indicating additional study is necessary to clarify the cause(s) of the lesions and the potential impacts to dominant corals along the Pacific coast of Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao02914","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez-Villalobos, J.C., Work, T.M., Calderon-Aguilera, L.E., Reyes-Bonilla, H., and Hernandez, L., 2015, Explained and unexplained tissue loss in corals from the Tropical Eastern Pacific: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 116, p. 121-131, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02914.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"131","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066893","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02914","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","volume":"116","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563092b9e4b093cee78203c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez-Villalobos, Jenny Carolina","contributorId":149443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez-Villalobos","given":"Jenny","email":"","middleInitial":"Carolina","affiliations":[{"id":17735,"text":"CICESE, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Eduardo","contributorId":149444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calderon-Aguilera","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"Eduardo","affiliations":[{"id":17735,"text":"CICESE, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reyes-Bonilla, Hector","contributorId":149445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reyes-Bonilla","given":"Hector","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12968,"text":"Departamento de Biologia Marina, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hernandez, Luis","contributorId":149446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12968,"text":"Departamento de Biologia Marina, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159398,"text":"70159398 - 2015 - Rapid maturation of the muscle biochemistry that supports diving in Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:49:42","indexId":"70159398","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid maturation of the muscle biochemistry that supports diving in Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)","docAbstract":"Physiological constraints dictate animals’ ability to exploit habitats. For marine mammals, it is important to quantify physiological limits that influence diving and their ability to alter foraging behaviors. We characterized age-specific dive limits of walruses by measuring anaerobic (acid-buffering capacity) and aerobic (myoglobin content) capacities of the muscles that power hind (longissimus dorsi) and fore (supraspinatus) flipper propulsion. Mean buffering capacities were similar across muscles and age classes (a fetus, five neonatal calves, a 3 month old and 20 adults), ranging from 41.31 to 54.14 slykes and 42.00 to 46.93 slykes in the longissimus and supraspinatus, respectively. Mean myoglobin in the fetus and neonatal calves fell within a narrow range (longissimus: 0.92–1.68 g 100 g−1 wet muscle mass; supraspinatus: 0.88–1.64 g 100 g−1 wet muscle mass). By 3 months post-partum, myoglobin in the longissimus increased by 79%, but levels in the supraspinatus remained unaltered. From 3 months post-partum to adulthood, myoglobin increased by an additional 26% in the longissimus and increased by 126% in the supraspinatus; myoglobin remained greater in the longissimus compared with the supraspinatus. Walruses are unique among marine mammals because they are born with a mature muscle acid-buffering capacity and attain mature myoglobin content early in life. Despite rapid physiological development, small body size limits the diving capacity of immature walruses and extreme sexual dimorphism reduces the diving capacity of adult females compared with adult males. Thus, free-ranging immature walruses likely exhibit the shortest foraging dives while adult males are capable of the longest foraging dives.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.125757","usgsCitation":"Norem, S.R., Jay, C.V., Burns, J.M., and Fischbach, A.S., 2015, Rapid maturation of the muscle biochemistry that supports diving in Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens): Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 218, p. 3319-3329, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.125757.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3319","endPage":"3329","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064440","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563092bce4b093cee78203d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norem, Shawn R.","contributorId":149449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norem","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Jennifer M.","contributorId":98569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156241,"text":"cir1415 - 2015 - The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center and Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers annual report for 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T11:21:03","indexId":"cir1415","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1415","title":"The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center and Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers annual report for 2014","docAbstract":"The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) and the Department of the Interior (DOI) Climate Science Centers (CSCs) had another exciting year in 2014. The NCCWSC moved toward focusing their science funding on several high priority areas and, along with the CSCs, gained new agency partners; contributed to various workshops, meetings, publications, student activities, and Tribal/indigenous activities; increased outreach; and more.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1415","usgsCitation":"Varela Minder, Elda, and Padgett, Holly A. 2015, The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center and Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers annual report for 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1415, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1415.","productDescription":"v, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064590","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1415/circ1415.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 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U.S. Geological Survey
MS 516 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
https://nccwsc.usgs.gov/
Collecting physical bedload measurements is an expensive and time-consuming endeavor that rarely captures the spatial and temporal variability of sediment transport. Technological advances can improve monitoring of sediment transport by filling in temporal gaps between physical sampling periods. We have developed a low-cost hydrophone recording system designed to record the sediment-generated noise (SGN) resulting from collisions of coarse particles (generally larger than 4 mm) in gravel-bedded rivers. The sound level of the signal recorded by the hydrophone is assumed to be proportional to the magnitude of bedload transport as long as the acoustic frequency of the SGN is known, the grain-size distribution of the bedload is assumed constant, and the frequency band of the ambient noise is known and can be excluded from the analysis. Each system has two hydrophone heads and samples at half-hour intervals. Ten systems were deployed on the San Joaquin River, California, and its tributaries for ten months during water year 2014, and two systems were deployed during a flood event on the Gunnison River, Colorado in 2014. A mobile hydrophone system was also tested at both locations to collect longitudinal profiles of SGN. Physical samples of bedload were not collected in this study. In lieu of physical measurements, several audio recordings from each site were aurally reviewed to confirm the presence or absence of SGN, and hydraulic data were compared to historical measurements of bedload transport or transport capacity estimates to verify if hydraulic conditions during the study would likely produce bedload transport. At one site on the San Joaquin River, the threshold of movement was estimated to have occurred around 30 m 3 /s based on SGN data. During the Gunnison River flood event, continuous data showed clockwise hysteresis, indicating that bedload transport was generally less at any given streamflow discharge during the recession limb of the hydrograph. Spatial variability in transport was also detected in the longitudinal profiles audibly and using signal processing algorithms. These experiments demonstrate the ability of hydrophone technology to capture the temporal and spatial variability of sediment transport, which may be missed when samples are collected using conventional methods.
","conferenceTitle":"3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Marineau, M.D., Minear, J., and Wright, S., 2015, Using hydrophones as a surrogate monitoring technique to detect temporal and spatial variability in bedload transport, 3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference, Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-060794","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River, San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.083333,\n 37.1\n ],\n [\n -120.083333,\n 36.683333\n ],\n [\n -119.683333,\n 36.683333\n ],\n [\n -119.683333,\n 37.1\n ],\n [\n -120.083333,\n 37.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.458333,\n 38.925\n ],\n [\n -108.25,\n 38.925\n ],\n [\n -108.25,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -108.458333,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -108.458333,\n 38.925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366daae4b0f6c2d0d7d62e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marineau, Mathieu D. 0000-0002-6568-0743 mmarineau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6568-0743","contributorId":4954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marineau","given":"Mathieu","email":"mmarineau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minear, J. Toby","contributorId":9938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minear","given":"J. Toby","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159382,"text":"cir1414 - 2015 - Biodiversity and Habitat Markets—Policy, Economic, and Ecological implications of Market-Based Conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T16:09:18","indexId":"cir1414","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-26T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1414","title":"Biodiversity and Habitat Markets—Policy, Economic, and Ecological implications of Market-Based Conservation","docAbstract":"This report is a primer on market-like and market-based mechanisms designed to conserve biodiversity and habitat. The types of markets and market-based approaches that were implemented or are emerging to benefit biodiversity and habitat in the United States are examined. The central approaches considered in this report include payments for ecosystem services, conservation banks, habitat exchanges, and eco-labels. Based on literature reviews and input from experts and practitioners, the report characterizes each market-based approach including policy context and structure; the theoretical basis for applying market-based approaches; the ecological effectiveness of practices and tools for measuring performance; and the future outlook for biodiversity and habitat markets. This report draws from previous research and serves as a summary of pertinent information associated with biodiversity and habitat markets while providing references to materials that go into greater detail on specific topics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1414","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Environmental Markets","usgsCitation":"Pindilli, Emily, and Casey, Frank, 2015, Biodiversity and habitat markets—Policy, economic, and ecological implications\nof market-based conservation: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1414, 60 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1414.","productDescription":"vii, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065059","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310628,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1414/circ1414.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1414"},{"id":310627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1414/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"Science and Decisions Center
U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://www.usgs.gov/sdc/
This map and cross sections are redrafted modified versions of the Geological map of the Kundelan ore deposit area, scale 1:10,000 (graphical supplement no. 18) and the Geological map of the Kundelan deposits, scale 1:2,000 (graphical supplement no. 3) both contained in an unpublished Soviet report by Litvinenko and others (1971) (report no. 0540). The unpublished Soviet report was prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Mines and Industries of the Royal Government of Afghanistan in Kabul during 1971. This redrafted map and cross sections illustrate the geology of the main Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit, located within the Kundelan copper and gold area of interest (AOI), Zabul Province, Afghanistan. Areas of interest (AOIs) of non-fuel mineral resources within Afghanistan were first described and defined by Peters and others (2007) and later by the work of Peters and others (2011a). The location of the main Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit (area of this map) and the Kundelan copper and gold AOI is shown on the index map provided on this map sheet.
\nThe estimated resources of the Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit are 21,400 metric tons (t) of copper, 1.6 t of gold, and 133.4 t of molybdenum at an average grade of 1.21 weight percent (wt. %) copper (ranging from 0.66 to 4.03 wt. % copper); 0.9 grams per metric ton (g/t) gold (ranging from 0.3 to 3.1 g/t gold); 0.14 wt. % molybdenum; and as much as 10 g/t silver and 0.03 wt. % bismuth (Peters and others, 2011b).
\nSmall past production of gold and base metals is also reported by Douvgal and others (1971) from many prospects within the Kundelan copper and gold AOI. Outside the skarn areas, argillic hydrothermal alteration is present (Abdullah and others, 1977). Most copper and gold prospects in the Kundelan copper and gold AOI are reported to contain commercial-grade ores of copper and (or) gold, and many prospect areas have potential for these commodities to be discovered in commercial volumes. Future initial mine exploration and later development in many of the prospects, and specifically in the Kundelan copper-gold skarn deposit, could result in near-term small- to medium-sized gold mining operations (Peters and others, 2011b).
\nThe redrafted map and cross sections reproduce the topology of rock units, contacts, faults, and so forth, of the original Soviet map and cross sections, and they include modifications based on our examination of these documents and our observations made during a brief field visit in August of 2010. We have attempted to translate the original Russian terminology and rock classifications into modern English geologic usage as literally as possible without changing any genetic or process-oriented implications in the original descriptions. We also use the age designations from the original Soviet maps, except for the phase I and II intrusive igneous rocks. Phase I and II igneous rocks are reassigned an Early Cretaceous age (from lower Paleogene) based on a uranium-lead (U-Pb) zircon SHRIMP analysis from quartz diorite, which yielded an age of 104±1 Ma (mega-annum). The information provided in the description of map units is from both the source report by Litvinenko and others (1971) and the original 1:10,000 scale map (graphical supplement no. 18), also from Litvinenko and others (1971). Because of the poor quality of the original map, some map features could not be identified and some features may be misinterpreted. The rock unit colors used on the redrafted maps and cross sections differ from the colors shown on the original Soviet version. Colors were selected according to the color and pattern scheme of the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) at http://www.ccgm.org.
\nElevations on the cross sections are derived from the original Soviet topography and may not match the Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) topography used on the redrafted map of this report. Most hydrography derived from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) has not been included on our redrafted version of the map because of a poor fit with alluvial deposits from the unmodified original Soviet map (graphical supplement no. 18; Litvinenko and others, 1971).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Tucker, R.D., Peters, S.G., Stettner, W.R., Masonic, L.M., and Moran, T.W., comps., 2015, Geologic map of Kundelan ore deposits and prospects, Zabul Province, Afghanistan; Modified from the 1971 original map compilations of K.I. Litvinenko and others: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1198, 1 sheet, scale 1:10,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151198.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059646","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310464,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1198/ofr20151198.pdf","text":"Report","size":"75.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1198"},{"id":310463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1198/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Zabul Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 31.59725256170666\n ],\n [\n 69.3896484375,\n 31.59725256170666\n ],\n [\n 69.3896484375,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n 66.884765625,\n 31.59725256170666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Office of International Programs
U.S. Geological Survey
917 National Center
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Reston, VA 20192
http://international.usgs.gov/index.htm
We report chemical data for selected shallow wells and coastal springs that were sampled in 2014 to determine whether geothermal power production in the Puna area over the past two decades has affected the characteristics of regional groundwater. The samples were analyzed for major and minor chemical species, trace metals of environmental concern, stable isotopes of water, and two organic compounds (pentane and isopropanol) that are injected into the deep geothermal reservoir at the power plant. Isopropanol was not detected in any of the groundwaters; confirmed detection of pentane was restricted to one monitoring well near the power plant at a low concentration not indicative of source. Thus, neither organic compound linked geothermal operations to groundwater contamination, though chemical stability and transport velocity questions exist for both tracers. Based on our chemical analysis of geothermal fluid at the power plant and on many similar results from commercially analyzed samples, we could not show that geothermal constituents in the groundwaters we sampled came from the commercially developed reservoir. Our data are consistent with a long-held view that heat moves by conduction from the geothermal reservoir into shallow groundwaters through a zone of low permeability rock that blocks passage of geothermal water. The data do not rule out all impacts of geothermal production on groundwater. Removal of heat during production, for example, may be responsible for minor changes that have occurred in some groundwater over time, such as the decline in temperature of one monitoring well near the power plant. Such indirect impacts are much harder to assess, but point out the need for an ongoing groundwater monitoring program that should include the coastal springs down-gradient from the power plant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155139","usgsCitation":"Evans, W., Bergfeld, D., Sutton, A., Lee, R., and Lorenson, T., 2015, Groundwater chemistry in the vicinity of the Puna Geothermal Venture Power Plant, Hawai‘i, after two decades of production: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5139, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155139.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-068405","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5139/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310659,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5139/sir20155139.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5139"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.98310089111328,\n 19.34289288466279\n ],\n [\n -154.99408721923828,\n 19.51255069063782\n ],\n [\n -154.918212890625,\n 19.581463883128308\n ],\n [\n -154.8028564453125,\n 19.52484721904625\n ],\n [\n -154.81761932373047,\n 19.47533181665073\n ],\n [\n -154.98310089111328,\n 19.34289288466279\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"NRP staff, National Research Program
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http://water.usgs.gov/nrp
Coastal communities are uniquely vulnerable to sea-level rise (SLR) and severe storms such as hurricanes. These events enhance the dispersion and concentration of natural and anthropogenic chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms that could adversely affect the health and resilience of coastal communities and ecosystems in coming years. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a strategy to define baseline and post-event sediment-bound environmental health (EH) stressors (hereafter referred to as the Sediment-Bound Contaminant Resiliency and Response [SCoRR] strategy). A tiered, multimetric approach will be used to (1) identify and map contaminant sources and potential exposure pathways for human and ecological receptors, (2) define the baseline mixtures of EH stressors present in sediments and correlations of relevance, (3) document post-event changes in EH stressors present in sediments, and (4) establish and apply metrics to quantify changes in coastal resilience associated with sediment-bound contaminants. Integration of this information provides a means to improve assessment of the baseline status of a complex system and the significance of changes in contaminant hazards due to storm-induced (episodic) and SLR (incremental) disturbances. This report describes the purpose and design of the SCoRR strategy and the methods used to construct a decision support tool to identify candidate sampling stations vulnerable to contaminants that may be mobilized by coastal storms.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151188A","collaboration":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.J., Jones, D.K., Focazio, M.J., Aquino, K.C., Carbo, C.L., Kaufhold, E.E., Zinecker, E.K., Benzel, W.M., Fisher, S.C., Griffin, D.W., Iwanowicz, L.R., Loftin, K.A. and Schill, W.B., 2015, Strategy to evaluate persistent contaminant hazards resulting from sea-level rise and storm-derived disturbances—Study design and methodology for station prioritization: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1188A, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151188A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066315","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438671,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7F47MBM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Matrix inhibition PCR and Microtox 81.9% screening assay analytical results for samples collected for the Sediment-Bound Contaminant Resiliency and Response Strategy pilot study, northeastern United States, 2015"},{"id":312421,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20151188B","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1188B","linkHelpText":"Standard Operating Procedures for Collection of Soil and Sediment Samples for the Sediment-bound Contaminant Resiliency and Response (SCoRR) Strategy Pilot Study"},{"id":310598,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1188/A/ofr2015-1188a_appendixa-ntasdatabase.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1188 A","linkHelpText":"National Target Analyte Strategy (NTAS) Constituent 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