{"pageNumber":"1148","pageRowStart":"28675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":30535,"text":"wri004063 - 2000 - Evaluation of a Method of Estimating Low-Flow Frequencies from Base-Flow Measurements at Indiana Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T11:59:39","indexId":"wri004063","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000–4063","title":"Evaluation of a Method of Estimating Low-Flow Frequencies from Base-Flow Measurements at Indiana Streams","docAbstract":"<p>A mathematical technique of estimating low-flow frequencies from base-flow measurements was evaluated by using data for streams in Indiana. Low-flow frequencies at low-flow partial-record stations were estimated by relating base-flow measurements to concurrent daily flows at nearby streamflow-gaging stations (index stations) for which low-flow- frequency curves had been developed. A network of long-term streamflow-gaging stations in Indiana provided a sample of sites with observed low-flow frequencies.Observed values of 7-day, 10-year low flow and 7-day, 2-year low flow were compared to predicted values to evaluate the accuracy of the method.</p><p>Five test cases were used to evaluate the method under a variety of conditions in which the location of the index station and its drainage area varied relative to the partial-record station. A total of 141 pairs of streamflow-gaging stations were used in the five test cases. Four of the test cases used one index station, the fifth test case used two index stations. The number of base-flow measurements was varied for each test case to see if the accuracy of the method was affected by the number of measurements used.</p><p>The most accurate and least variable results were produced when two index stations on the same stream or tributaries of the partial-record station were used. All but one value of the predicted 7-day, 10-year low flow were within 15 percent of the values observed for the long-term continuous record, and all of the predicted values of the 7-day, 2-year low-flow were within 15 percent of the observed values. This apparent accuracy, to some extent, may be a result of the small sample set of 15.</p><p>Of the four test cases that used one index station, the most accurate and least variable results were produced in the test case where the index station and partial-record station were on the same stream or on streams tributary to each other and where the index station had a larger drainage area than the partial-record station. In that test case, the method tended to over predict, based on the median relative error. In 23 of 28 test pairs, the predicted 7-day, 10-year low flow was within 15 percent of the observed value; in 26 of 28 test pairs, the predicted 7-day, 2-year low flow was within 15 percent of the observed value.</p><p>When the index station and partial- record station were on the same stream or streams tributary to each other and the index station had a smaller drainage area than the partial-record station, the method tended to under predict the low-flow frequencies. Nineteen of 28 predicted values of the 7-day, 10-year low-flow were within 15 percent of the observed values. Twenty-five of 28 predicted values of the 7-day, 2-year low flow were within 15 percent of the observed values.</p><p>When the index station and the partial- record station were on different streams, the method tended to under predict regardless of whether the index station had a larger or smaller drainage area than that of the partial-record station. Also, the variability of the relative error of estimate was greatest for the test cases that used index stations and partial-record stations from different streams. This variability, in part, may be caused by using more streamflow-gaging stations with small low-flow frequencies in these test cases. A small difference in the predicted and observed values can equate to a large relative error when dealing with stations that have small low-flow frequencies.</p><p>In the test cases that used one index station, the method tended to predict smaller low-flow frequencies as the number of base- flow measurements was reduced from 20 to 5. Overall, the average relative error of estimate and the variability of the predicted values increased as the number of base-flow measurements was reduced.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004063","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.T., 2000, Evaluation of a Method of Estimating Low-Flow Frequencies from Base-Flow Measurements at Indiana Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000–4063, Report: vii, 53, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004063.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 53","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Director, Indiana Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>5957 Lakeside Blvd.<br>Indianapolis, IN 46278</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods of Investigation</li><li>Frequency Analysis at Partial-Record Stations</li><li>Evaluation of the Stedinger-Thomas Method</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Data Tables</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486be4b07f02db50a4b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, John Thomas 0000-0001-6752-4069 jtwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-4069","contributorId":82363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"John","email":"jtwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26833,"text":"wri004163 - 2000 - Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate plus nitrate as nitrogen in ground water in the Idaho part of the western Snake River Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:41:52.908609","indexId":"wri004163","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4163","title":"Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate plus nitrate as nitrogen in ground water in the Idaho part of the western Snake River Plain","docAbstract":"As ground water continues to provide an ever-growing proportion of Idaho?s drinking water, concerns about the quality of that resource are increasing. Pesticides (most commonly, atrazine/desethyl-atrazine, hereafter referred to as atrazine) and nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (hereafter referred to as nitrate) have been detected in many aquifers in the State. To provide a sound hydrogeologic basis for atrazine and nitrate management in southern Idaho&mdash;the largest region of land and water use in the State&mdash;the U.S. Geological Survey produced maps showing the probability of detecting these contaminants in ground water in the upper Snake River Basin (published in a 1998 report) and the western Snake River Plain (published in this report). The atrazine probability map for the western Snake River Plain was constructed by overlaying ground-water quality data with hydrogeologic and anthropogenic data in a geographic information system (GIS). A data set was produced in which each well had corresponding information on land use, geology, precipitation, soil characteristics, regional depth to ground water, well depth, water level, and atrazine use. These data were analyzed by logistic regression using a statistical software package. Several preliminary multivariate models were developed and those that best predicted the detection of atrazine were selected. The multivariate models then were entered into a GIS and the probability maps were produced. Land use, precipitation, soil hydrologic group, and well depth were significantly correlated with atrazine detections in the western Snake River Plain. These variables also were important in the 1998 probability study of the upper Snake River Basin. The effectiveness of the probability models for atrazine might be improved if more detailed data were available for atrazine application. A preliminary atrazine probability map for the entire Snake River Plain in Idaho, based on a data set representing that region, also was produced. In areas where this map overlaps the 1998 map of the upper Snake River Basin, the two maps show broadly similar probabilities of detecting atrazine. Logistic regression also was used to develop a preliminary statistical model that predicts the probability of detecting elevated nitrate in the western Snake River Plain. A nitrate probability map was produced from this model. Results showed that elevated nitrate concentrations were correlated with land use, soil organic content, well depth, and water level. Detailed information on nitrate input, specifically fertilizer application, might have improved the effectiveness of this model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho State Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Donato, M.M., 2000, Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate plus nitrate as nitrogen in ground water in the Idaho part of the western Snake River Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4163, Report: iv, 25 p.; 1 Plate: 24 x 35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004163.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 25 p.; 1 Plate: 24 x 35 inches","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262324,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4163/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":407729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33863.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4163/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":262325,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4163/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"western Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.133,\n              42.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.927,\n              42.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.927,\n              44.867\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.133,\n              44.867\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.133,\n              42.55\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donato, Mary M.","contributorId":30962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31193,"text":"ofr2000497 - 2000 - A Synopsis of Technical Issues for Monitoring Sediment in Highway and Urban Runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr2000497","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-497","title":"A Synopsis of Technical Issues for Monitoring Sediment in Highway and Urban Runoff","docAbstract":"Accurate and representative sediment data are critical for assessing the potential effects of highway and urban runoff on receiving waters. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency identified sediment as the most widespread pollutant in the Nation's rivers and streams, affecting aquatic habitat, drinking water treatment processes, and recreational uses of rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Representative sediment data are also necessary for quantifying and interpreting concentrations, loads, and effects of trace elements and organic constituents associated with highway and urban runoff. Many technical issues associated with the collecting, processing, and analyzing of samples must be addressed to produce valid (useful for intended purposes), current, complete, and technically defensible data for local, regional, and national information needs. All aspects of sediment data-collection programs need to be evaluated, and adequate quality-control data must be collected and documented so that the comparability and representativeness of data obtained for highway- and urban-runoff studies may be assessed.\r\n\r\n\r\nCollection of representative samples for the measurement of sediment in highway and urban runoff involves a number of interrelated issues. Temporal and spatial variability in runoff result from a combination of factors, including volume and intensity of precipitation, rate of snowmelt, and features of the drainage basin such as area, slope, infiltration capacity, channel roughness, and storage characteristics. In small drainage basins such as those found in many highway and urban settings, automatic samplers are often the most suitable method for collecting samples of runoff for a variety of reasons. Indirect sediment-measurement methods are also useful as supplementary and(or) surrogate means for monitoring sediment in runoff. All of these methods have limitations in addition to benefits, which must be identified and quantified to produce representative data. Methods for processing raw sediment samples (including homogenization and subsampling) for subsequent analysis for total suspended solids or suspended-sediment concentration often increase variance and may introduce bias. Processing artifacts can be substantial if the methods used are not appropriate for the concentrations and particle-size distributions present in the samples collected.\r\n\r\nAnalytical methods for determining sediment concentrations include the suspended-sediment\r\nconcentration and the total suspended solids methods. Although the terms suspended-sediment concentration and total suspended solids are often used interchangeably to describe the total concentration of suspended solid-phase material, the analytical methods differ and can produce substantially different results. The total suspended solids method, which commonly is used to produce highway- and urban-runoff sediment data, may not be valid for studies of runoff water quality. Studies of fluvial and highway-runoff sediment data indicate that analyses of samples by the total suspended solids method tends to under represent the true sediment concentration, and that relations between total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentration are not transferable from site to site even when grain-size distribution information is available. Total suspended solids data used to calculate suspended-sediment loads in highways and urban runoff may be fundamentally unreliable. Consequently, use of total suspended solids data may have adverse consequences for the assessment, design, and maintenance of sediment-removal best management practices. Therefore, it may be necessary to analyze water samples using the suspended-sediment concentration method. Data quality, comparability, and utility are important considerations in collection, processing, and analysis of sediment samples and interpretation of sediment data for highway- and urban-runoff studies. Results from sediment studies must be comparable and readily transf","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000497","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (A Contribution to the National Highway Runoff Data and Methodology Synthesis)","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., Gray, J.R., Smith, K.P., and Glysson, G.D., 2000, A Synopsis of Technical Issues for Monitoring Sediment in Highway and Urban Runoff: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-497, viii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000497.","productDescription":"viii, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ma.water.usgs.gov/fhwa/ndamsp1.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-497/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd496ce4b0b290850ef270","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31170,"text":"ofr00356 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T15:31:21.339206","indexId":"ofr00356","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-356","title":"Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The Wildcat Lake quadrangle lies in the forearc of the Cascadia subduction zone, about 20-km east of the Cascadia accretionary complex exposed in the Olympic Mountains (Tabor and Cady, 1978),and about 100-km west of the axis of the Cascades volcanic arc. The quadrangle lies near the middle of the Puget Lowland, which typically has elevations less than 600 feet (183 m), but on Gold Mountain, in the center of the quadrangle, the elevation rises to 1761 feet (537 m). This anomalously high topography also provides a glimpse of the deeper crust beneath the Lowland. Exposed on Green and Gold Mountains are rocks related to the Coast Range basalt terrane. This terrane consists of Eocene submarine and subaerial tholeiitic basalt of the Crescent Formation, which probably accreted to the continental margin in Eocene time (Snavely and others, 1968). The Coast Range basalt terrane may have originated as an oceanic plateau or by oblique marginal rifting (Babcock and others, 1992), but its subsequent emplacement history is complex (Wells and others, 1984). In southern Oregon, onlapping strata constrain the suturing to have occurred by 50 Ma; but on southern Vancouver Island where the terrane-bounding Leech River fault is exposed, Brandon and Vance (1992) concluded suturing to North America occurred in the broad interval between 42 and 24 Ma. After emplacement of the Coast Range basalt terrane, the Cascadia accretionary complex,exposed in the Olympic Mountains west of the quadrangle,developed by frontal accretion and underplating (e.g., Clowes and others, 1987). The Seattle basin, part of which lies to the north of Green Mountain, also began to develop in late Eocene time due to forced flexural subsidence along the Seattle fault zone (Johnson and others, 1994). Domal uplift of the accretionary complex beneath the Olympic Mountains occurred after approximately 18 million years ago (Brandon and others, 1998). Ice-sheet glaciation during Quaternary time reshaped the topography of the quadrangle, and approximately two-thirds of the map area is covered with Quaternary deposits related to the last glaciation. Geophysical studies and regional mapping indicate the Seattle fault lies north of Green Mountain. This fault produced a large earthquake about 1000 years ago and may pose a significant earthquake hazard (Bucknam and others, 1992; Atwater and Moore, 1992; Karlin and Abella,1992; Schuster and others, 1992; Jacoby and others, 1992). We found no evidence of Holocene faulting in the Wildcat Lake quadrangle.</p><p><br></p><p>Geologic mapping within and marginal to the quadrangle began with Willis (1898), who described glacial deposits in Puget Sound. Weaver (1937) correlated volcanic rocks in the quadrangle to the Eocene Metchosin Volcanics on Vancouver Island. Sceva (1957), Garling and Moleenar (1965), and Deeter (1978) all focused on mapping and understanding the Quaternary stratigraphy of the Kitsap Peninsula, but they also examined bedrock in the quadrangle. Reeve (1979) was the first to examine the igneous rocks on Green and Gold Mountains in some detail, and Clark (1989) significantly improved Reeve's (1979) mapping. Clark's (1989) mapping was conducted soon after extensive logging on the mountains. A surficial geologic map of the Seattle 1:100,000-scale quadrangle, which includes the Wildcat Lake 1:24,000-scale quadrangle, was published by Yount and others (1993). Yount and Gower (1991) also published a bedrock geologic map of the Seattle quadrangle. Geologic mapping for this report was conducted by Haeussler in the spring and summer of 1998 and in the winter of 1999. We could not substantially improve upon the bedrock mapping of Clark (1989) and thus it is incorporated into this map. Well data in the southeastern corner of the map area also helped to constrain the surficial mapping (Geomatrix Consultants, 1997). In addition, 1995 vintage 1:12,000-scale aerial photographs were used in mapping Quaternary deposits. Geologic time scale is that of Berggeren and others (1995).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00356","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., and Clark, K.P., 2000, Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-356, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 37.89 x 34.67 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00356.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 37.89 x 34.67 inches; Metadata","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2000_356.jpg"},{"id":391428,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34290.htm"},{"id":2677,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0356/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0356/of00-356.ps"},{"id":281617,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0356/pdf/of00-356.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"1927 North American datum","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap County, Mason County","otherGeospatial":"Gold Mountain, Olympic Mountains,  Wildcat Lake quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.875,47.5 ], [ -122.875,47.625 ], [ -122.75,47.625 ], [ -122.75,47.5 ], [ -122.875,47.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4823e4b07f02db4e25ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Kenneth P.","contributorId":65513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31169,"text":"ofr00351 - 2000 - Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T20:18:19.696676","indexId":"ofr00351","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-351","title":"Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database","docAbstract":"<p>The Salem East and Turner 7.5-minute quadrangles are situated in the center of the Willamette Valley near the western margin of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) distribution. The terrain within the area is of low to moderate relief, ranging from about 150 to almost 1,100-ft elevation. Mill Creek flows northward from the Stayton basin (Turner quadrangle) to the northern Willamette Valley (Salem East quadrangle) through a low that dissects the Columbia River basalt that forms the Salem Hills on the west and the Waldo Hills to the east. Approximately eight flows of CRBG form a thickness of up to 700 in these two quadrangles. The Ginkgo intracanyon flow that extends from east to west through the south half of the Turner quadrangle is exposed in the hills along the southeast part of the quadrangle.</p><p>Previous geologic mapping by Thayer (1939) and Bela (1981) while providing the general geologic framework did not subdivide the CRBG which limited their ability to delineate structural elements. Reconnaissance mapping of the CRBG units in the Willamette Valley indicated that these stratigraphic units could serve as a series of unique reference horizons for identifying post-Miocene folding and faulting (Beeson and others, 1985,1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990). Crenna, et al. (1994) compiled previous mapping in the Willamette Valley in a study of the tectonics of the Salem area.</p><p>The major emphasis of this study was to identify and map CRBG units within the Salem East and Turner Quadrangles and to utilize this detailed CRBG stratigraphy to identify and characterize structural features. Water well logs were used to provide better subsurface stratigraphic control. Three other quadrangles (Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton NE) in the Willamette Valley have been mapped in this way (Tolan and Beeson, 1999).</p><p>This area was a lowland area of weathered and eroded marine sedimentary when the Columbia River basalts encroached on this area approximately 15-16 m.y. ago. An incipient Coast Range apparently stopped or diverted the fluid lava flows from moving much farther westward toward the coast at this latitude. It is assumed also that an ancestral Willamette River flowed northward through this low-lying area so that water was present as streams and ponds along the flood plain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00351","usgsCitation":"Tolan, T.L., Beeson, M.H., and DuRoss, C., 2000, Geologic map and database of the Salem East and Turner 7.5 minute quadrangles, Marion County, Oregon: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-351, 2 Plates: 30.93 x 35.04 inches and 31.73 x 35.20 inches; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00351.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 30.93 x 35.04 inches and 31.73 x 35.20 inches; Readme","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00351.gif"},{"id":2676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281611,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351ps.tar.gz"},{"id":281612,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351db.tar.gz"},{"id":281613,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/00351db.zip"},{"id":281614,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/README.PDF"},{"id":281610,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/tnrfinal.pdf"},{"id":281615,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0351/pdf/slmfinal.pdf"},{"id":110130,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34045.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34045"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Marion County","otherGeospatial":"Mill Creek, Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,44.75 ], [ -123.0,45.0 ], [ -122.875,45.0 ], [ -122.875,44.75 ], [ -123.0,44.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tolan, Terry L.","contributorId":31029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolan","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeson, Marvin H.","contributorId":67937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher B.","contributorId":64298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31158,"text":"ofr2000233 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Sauk River basin, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:08:51","indexId":"ofr2000233","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-233","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Sauk River basin, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Sauk River Basin, located in central Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., and Fischer, B.C., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Sauk River basin, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-233, Document: 8 p.; Plate: 31.03 x 29.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000233.","productDescription":"Document: 8 p.; Plate: 31.03 x 29.01 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2000233.JPG"},{"id":12213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-233.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12214,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-233-plate.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Sauk River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.58198547363281, 45.66444628645173 ], [ -94.57649230957031, 45.66060720625647 ], [ -94.57855224609375, 45.64812837751117 ], [ -94.59228515625, 45.63996763988405 ], [ -94.59297180175781, 45.62652383350405 ], [ -94.60464477539061, 45.6178796835697 ], [ 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,{"id":53097,"text":"ofr2000234 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:08:22","indexId":"ofr2000234","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-234","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, located in central Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., and Fischer, B.C., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Redeye (Leaf) River Basin, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-234, Document: 8 p.; Plate: 30.01 x 34.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000234.","productDescription":"Document: 8 p.; Plate: 30.01 x 34.01 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2000234.JPG"},{"id":12215,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-234.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12216,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-234-plate.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Redeye River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.81269836425781,\n              46.429811977524274\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.82986450195312,\n              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,{"id":53098,"text":"ofr2000232 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Long Prairie River basin, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:07:52","indexId":"ofr2000232","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-232","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Long Prairie River basin, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Long Prairie River Basin, located in central Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., and Fischer, B.C., 2000, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Long Prairie River basin, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-232, Document: 7 p.; Plate: 38.03 x 27.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000232.","productDescription":"Document: 7 p.; Plate: 38.03 x 27.01 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-232.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/00-232-plate.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Long Prairie River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.38330078125, 46.19266555785523 ], [ -95.37300109863281, 46.1912395780416 ], [ -95.37300109863281, 46.18458451637958 ], [ -95.36956787109375, 46.17887953650578 ], [ -95.35102844238281, 46.17364945158338 ], [ -95.34072875976562, 46.17127197581503 ], [ 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,{"id":64625,"text":"i2724 - 2000 - Seismic-hazard maps for Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T14:09:54","indexId":"i2724","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2724","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Seismic-hazard maps for Hawaii","docAbstract":"      Probabilistic seismic hazard maps were prepared for Hawaii portraying peak horizontal ground acceleration and horizontal spectral response acceleration for 0.2, 0.3, and 1.0 second periods with probabilities of exceedance of 10% in 50 years and 2% in 50 years.  This particular data set is for horizontal spectral response acceleration for 1.0 second period with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years.  All of the maps were prepared by combining hazard derived from spatially- smoothed historic seismicity with hazard from fault-specific sources. The acceleration values contoured are the random horizontal component. The reference site condition is firm rock, defined as having an average shear-wave velocity of 760 m/sec in the top 30 meters corresponding to the boundary between NEHRP site classes B and C.\r\n This data set represents the results of calculations of hazard curves for a grid of points with a spacing of 0.02 degrees in latitude and longitude.  The grid of points were contoured to produce the final representation of the seismic-hazard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2724","isbn":"0607944919","usgsCitation":"Klein, F.W., Frankel, A., Mueller, C., Wesson, R.L., and Okubo, P.G., 2000, Seismic-hazard maps for Hawaii (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2724, 8 maps on 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2724.","productDescription":"8 maps on 2 sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110145,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34532.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34532"},{"id":6079,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2724/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -161,18 ], [ -161,23 ], [ -154,23 ], [ -154,18 ], [ -161,18 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e0fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Fred W. klein@usgs.gov","contributorId":4417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Fred","email":"klein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":271799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, C.S.","contributorId":45310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":25417,"text":"wri004191 - 2000 - Comparability of suspended-sediment concentration and total suspended solids data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-29T16:35:00.203487","indexId":"wri004191","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4191","title":"Comparability of suspended-sediment concentration and total suspended solids data","docAbstract":"<p>Two laboratory analytical methods — suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) and total suspended solids (TSS) — are predominantly used to quantify concentrations of suspended solid-phase material in surface waters of the United States. The analytical methods differ. SSC data are produced by measuring the dry weight of all the sediment from a known volume of a water-sediment mixture. TSS data are produced by several methods, most of which entail measuring the dry weight of sediment from a known volume of a subsample of the original. An evaluation of 3,235 paired SSC and TSS data, of which 860 SSC values include percentages of sand-size material, shows bias in the relation between SSC and TSS —SSC values tend to increase at a greater rate than their corresponding paired TSS values. As sand-size material in samples exceeds about a quarter of the sediment dry weight, SSC values tend to exceed their corresponding paired TSS values. TSS analyses of three sets of quality-control samples (35 samples) showed unexpectedly small sediment recoveries and relatively large variances in the TSS data. Two quality-control data sets (18 samples) that were analyzed for SSC showed both slightly deficient sediment recoveries, and variances that are characteristic of most other quality-control data compiled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Sediment Laboratory Quality Assurance Program. The method for determining TSS, which was originally designed for analyses of wastewater samples, is shown to be fundamentally unreliable for the analysis of natural-water samples. In contrast, the method for determining SSC produces relatively reliable results for samples of natural water, regardless of the amount or percentage of sand-size material in the samples. SSC and TSS data collected from natural water are not comparable and should not be used interchangeably. The accuracy and comparability of suspended solid-phase concentrations of the Nation’s natural waters would be greatly enhanced if all these data were produced by the SSC analytical method.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004191","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., Glysson, G., Turcios, L., and Schwarz, G., 2000, Comparability of suspended-sediment concentration and total suspended solids data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4191, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004191.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4191.jpg"},{"id":1805,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004191/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cbe4b07f02db543dd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glysson, G.D.","contributorId":16430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turcios, L.M.","contributorId":6477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turcios","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":23439,"text":"ofr00129 - 2000 - Proceedings of the International workshop on the Nojima Fault core and borehole data analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T19:17:58","indexId":"ofr00129","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-129","title":"Proceedings of the International workshop on the Nojima Fault core and borehole data analysis","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00129","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Fujimoto, K., Tanaka, H., and Lockner, D., 2000, Proceedings of the International workshop on the Nojima Fault core and borehole data analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-129, xxi, 289 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00129.","productDescription":"xxi, 289 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0129/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52761,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0129/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660473","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ito, Hisao","contributorId":93090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"Hisao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747041,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fujimoto, Koichiro","contributorId":40623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujimoto","given":"Koichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, Hidemi","contributorId":95509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Hidemi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":69569,"text":"i2737 - 2000 - Earthquakes in and near the northeastern United States, 1638-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T14:17:52","indexId":"i2737","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2737","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Earthquakes in and near the northeastern United States, 1638-1998","docAbstract":"The data are those used to make a large-format, colored map of earthquakes in the northeastern United States and adjacent parts of Canada and the Atlantic Ocean (Wheeler, 2000; Wheeler and others, 2001; references in Data_Quality_Information, Lineage). The map shows the locations of 1,069 known earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 or larger, and is designed for a non-technical audience. Colored circles represent earthquake locations, colored and sized by magnitude. Short descriptions, colonial-era woodcuts, newspaper headlines, and photographs summarize the dates, times of day, damage, and other effects of notable earthquakes. The base map shows color-coded elevation, shaded to emphasize relief.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2737","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., Trevor, N., Tarr, A., and Crone, A.J., 2000, Earthquakes in and near the northeastern United States, 1638-1998: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2737, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2737.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6198,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2737/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110179,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37628.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"37628"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,38 ], [ -81,48 ], [ -66,48 ], [ -66,38 ], [ -81,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db6296d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, R. L.","contributorId":34916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trevor, N.K.","contributorId":68792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trevor","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C.","contributorId":75903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crone, A. J.","contributorId":84363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29371,"text":"wri004071 - 2000 - Effects of hypothetical management scenarios on simulated water temperatures in the Tualatin River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:11:36","indexId":"wri004071","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4071","title":"Effects of hypothetical management scenarios on simulated water temperatures in the Tualatin River, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>In 1994, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County, Oregon (USA) began a cooperative study to better understand water-temperature variations in the Tualatin River and to assess mitigative water-management solutions. Continuous water-temperature data were collected at locations along the main stem of the river and along the major tributaries during the lowflow periods of 1994 and 1995. The 1994 data were used to develop and calibrate flow and water-temperature models characterizing conditions in the main stem. The models were used to simulate 10 hypotheti3 cal water-management scenarios, which would enable water managers to understand the effects of various human activities on water temperatures. Modeling results from the study are presented in Risley (1997); the data collected are presented in Risley and Doyle (1997). This report presents the water-temperature model simulation results of 16 additional hypothetical water-management scenarios using the 1994 and 1995 data. The additional modeling was funded by the USGS and the USA under a cooperative agreement. For a comprehensive description of the water-temperature models and their underlying assumptions, refer to Risley (1997).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri004071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County, Oregon","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., 2000, Effects of hypothetical management scenarios on simulated water temperatures in the Tualatin River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4071, ix, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004071.","productDescription":"ix, 110 p.","numberOfPages":"121","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004071.PNG"},{"id":311370,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4071/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Tualatin River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.1700439453125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1700439453125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1700439453125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              45.00365115687189\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              45.85176048817254\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.178955078125,\n              45.85176048817254\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.178955078125,\n              45.00365115687189\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              45.00365115687189\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"Supplement to Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4071","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":511067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27355,"text":"wri994290 - 2000 - Development of a stream habitat index for use with an Index of Biotic Integrity in the St. Croix River Basin, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:20:16","indexId":"wri994290","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4290","title":"Development of a stream habitat index for use with an Index of Biotic Integrity in the St. Croix River Basin, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>More than 70 streams in the St. Croix River Basin in Minnesota were sampled for fish community composition and physical habitat during 1996&ndash;98. A habitat index was developed based on measurements, field observations, and land use. The objective was to develope a habitat index for use to evaluate water quality and the effects of nonpoint-source effects not associated with habitat degradation. Core habitat variables were determined with a concurrence analysis using principal components of two subsets of sites with pristine or least affected habitat. Although core habitat variables differed slightly between data sets, sufficient similarities allowed development of an index. The index (the sum of pluses or minuses dependent on the variable&rsquo;s correlation to biotic integrity), composed of 12 core habitat variables in 5 classification groups (hydrology, geomorphology, substrate, instream habitat, and riparian/land use), was able to distinguish sites with low Index of Biotic Integrity scores not related to habitat degradation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri994290","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R.M., Lorenz, D., and Niemela, S., 2000, Development of a stream habitat index for use with an Index of Biotic Integrity in the St. Croix River Basin, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4290, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994290.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota 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M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niemela, Scott","contributorId":63056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niemela","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30863,"text":"wri004082 - 2000 - Estimated effects on water quality of Lake Houston from interbasin transfer of water from the Trinity River, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T11:26:41","indexId":"wri004082","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4082","title":"Estimated effects on water quality of Lake Houston from interbasin transfer of water from the Trinity River, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The City of Houston is considering the transfer of water from the Trinity River to Lake Houston (on the San Jacinto River) to alleviate concerns about adequate water supplies for future water demands. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Houston, conducted a study to estimate the effects on the water quality of Lake Houston from the transfer of Trinity River water. </p><p>A water-quality model, CE–QUAL–W2, was used to simulate six water-quality properties and constituents for scenarios of interbasin transfer of Trinity River water. Three scenarios involved the transferred Trinity River water augmenting streamflow in the East Fork of Lake Houston, and three scenarios involved the transferred water replacing streamflow from the West Fork of the San Jacinto River.</p><p>The estimated effects on Lake Houston were determined by comparing volume-weighted daily mean water temperature, phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, algal biomass, and dissolved oxygen simulated for each of the transfer scenarios to simulations for a base dataset. The effects of the interbasin transfer on Lake Houston do not appear to be detrimental to water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, or dissolved oxygen. Phosphorus and nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen showed fairly large changes when Trinity River water was transferred to replace West Fork San Jacinto River streamflow. Algal biomass showed large decreases when Trinity River water was transferred to augment East Fork Lake Houston streamflow and large increases when Trinity River water was transferred to replace West Fork San Jacinto River streamflow. Regardless of the scenario simulated, the model indicated that light was the limiting factor for algal biomass growth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004082","usgsCitation":"Liscum, F., and East, J., 2000, Estimated effects on water quality of Lake Houston from interbasin transfer of water from the Trinity River, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4082, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004082.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004082.PNG"},{"id":328035,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4082/pdf/wri00-4082.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2738,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30866,"text":"wri004124 - 2000 - Spatial distribution, temporal variability, and chemistry of the salt wedge in the lower Charles River, Massachusetts, June 1998 to July 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:11","indexId":"wri004124","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4124","title":"Spatial distribution, temporal variability, and chemistry of the salt wedge in the lower Charles River, Massachusetts, June 1998 to July 1999","docAbstract":"The Charles River is of great recreational and ecological value to the Boston metropolitan region and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It is also the focus of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region I, Clean Charles 2005 Task Force. The main goal of the Task Force is to make the Charles River 'fishable and swimmable' by the year 2005. Achieving 'fishable and swimmable' conditions will require continued progress in addressing a range of environmental conditions now degrading water quality, including the infiltration of saltwater from Boston Harbor into the freshwater Charles River.To better understand the pattern of saltwater intrusion, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management (MADEM), and New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission (NEIWPCC), collected data on the spatial distribution, temporal variability, and chemistry of the saltwater that entered the lower Charles River from June 1998 to July 1999. The purpose of this investigation is to extend and complement a regional-scale study of Charles River water quality conducted in 1996 (T. Faber, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, written commun., 1997), and the ongoing water monitoring activities of the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) and the Charles River Watershed Association (CRWA). The data collected by this investigation supports the Clean Charles 2005 Task Force by providing detailed information concerning a major factor limiting 'fishable and swimmable' conditions in the lower Charles River. Finally, the study will be used to assist current planning efforts of the Metropolitan District Commission (MDC) to restore the historic parklands of the lower Charles River.The 'Basin' is the local term for the reach of the Charles River that begins at the Watertown Dam in Watertown, Mass., and extends about 8 mi through suburban and urban areas to Boston Harbor. Discharge to the harbor is controlled by the 'new' Charles River Dam in Boston (fig. 1). The Basin was created by construction of the 'old' Charles River Dam in 1908 to solve Boston's sanitary problems. Prior to the building of the old Charles River Dam, the lower Charles River was a tidal estuary in which the water levels rose and fell twice daily with the tidal cycle. Low tide would expose untreated sewage that was discharged directly into the river. Exposed sewage created noxious odors and served as a breeding ground for mosquitoes that caused sporadic epidemics of malaria and yellow fever (Jobin, 1998). Damming of the river interrupted the normal tidal cycle and flooded the estuary by creating a freshwater pool (the Basin) that had a constant water elevation of about 0.8 meters (m) above mean sea level. Flooding of the estuary initially improved sanitary conditions and the Basin became a source of enjoyment for the local population and the focus of a large waterfront park in Boston and Cambridge (Jobin, 1998).Although the infiltration of saltwater from the harbor into the Basin was anticipated when the old Charles River Dam was built, neither the magnitude nor the consequences of the infiltration was considered. By 1975, the Metropolitan District Commission (MDC) determined that harbor water covered about 80 percent of the river bottom within the Basin and composed about 50 percent of its depth. The MDC also concluded that fish kills and odors in the spring of 1975 were likely the result of the sulfide-rich saltwater mixing with the overlying freshwater (Metropolitan District Commission, 1975).Saltwater from Boston Harbor that enters the Basin is known as the 'salt wedge' because of the shape it assumes as it moves upstream. Freshwater discharge from upstream pushes against the intruding harbor water until the density differences cause stratification to occur; the freshwater then overrides the denser harbor water (Fischer and others, 1979). The depth from ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004124","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., Barlow, L., Reisig, K., and Parker, G., 2000, Spatial distribution, temporal variability, and chemistry of the salt wedge in the lower Charles River, Massachusetts, June 1998 to July 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4124, 1 over-size sheet., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004124.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2777,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004124","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, R.F.","contributorId":102117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, L.K.","contributorId":95929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reisig, K.D.","contributorId":6495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisig","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, G.W.","contributorId":100374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28942,"text":"wri004035 - 2000 - Use of a ground-penetrating radar system to detect pre- and post-flood scour at selected bridge sites in New Hampshire, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:44:08.983417","indexId":"wri004035","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4035","title":"Use of a ground-penetrating radar system to detect pre- and post-flood scour at selected bridge sites in New Hampshire, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Ground-penetrating radar was used to measure the depth and extent of existing and infilled scour holes and previous scour surfaces at seven bridges in New Hampshire from April 1996 to November 1998. Ground-penetrating-radar survey techniques initially were used by the U.S. Geological Survey to study streambed scour at 30 bridges. Sixteen of the 30 bridges were re-surveyed where floods exceeded a 2-year recurrence interval. A 300-megahertz signal was used in the ground-penetrating radar system that penetrated through depths as great as 20 feet of water and as great as 32 feet of streambed materials. Existing scour-hole dimensions, infilled thickness, previous scour surfaces, and streambed materials were detected using ground-penetrating radar. Depths to riprap materials and pier footings were identified and verified with bridge plans. Post data-collection-processing techniques were applied to assist in the interpretation of the data, and the processed data were displayed and printed as line plots. Processing included distance normalization, migration, and filtering but processing was kept to a minimum and some interference from multiple reflections was left in the record. Of the 16 post-flood bridges, 22 ground-penetrating-radar cross sections at 7 bridges were compared and presented in this report. Existing scour holes were detected during 1996 (pre-flood) data collection in nine cross sections where scour depths ranged from 1 to 3 feet. New scour holes were detected during 1998 (post-flood) data collection in four cross sections where scour depths were as great as 4 feet deep. Infilled scour holes were detected in seven cross sections, where depths of infilling ranged from less than 1 to 4 feet. Depth of infilling by means of steel rod and hammer was difficult to verify in the field because of cobble and boulder streambeds or deep water. Previous scour surfaces in streambed materials were identified in 15 cross sections and the depths to these surfaces ranged from 1 to 10 feet below the streambed. Riprap materials or pier footings were identified in all cross sections. Calculated record depths generally agree with bridge plans. Pier footings were exposed at two bridges and steel pile was exposed at one bridge. Exposures were verified by field observations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004035","usgsCitation":"Olimpio, J.R., 2000, Use of a ground-penetrating radar system to detect pre- and post-flood scour at selected bridge sites in New Hampshire, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4035, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004035.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396297,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26848.htm"},{"id":2241,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004035","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72,\n              42.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.25,\n              42.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.25,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              44.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              42.783\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olimpio, Joseph R.","contributorId":57878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27764,"text":"wri994287 - 2000 - Method for estimating water use and interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater in an urbanized basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri994287","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4287","title":"Method for estimating water use and interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater in an urbanized basin","docAbstract":"Techniques for management of drainage basins that use water budgets to balance available water resources with actual or anticipated water use require accurate and precise estimates of basin withdrawals, interbasin transfers of freshwater, unaccounted-for use, water use, consumptive use, inflow and infiltration, basin return flow, and interbasin transfers of wastewater. Frequently, interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater are not included in basin water budgets because they occur within public water-delivery and wastewater-collection systems. A new 10-step method was developed to improve estimates of inflow and infiltration and interbasin transfers using readily available statewide data. The accuracy and precision of water-use estimates determined by this method are improved through careful application of coefficients for small users and the use of metered values for large users. The method was developed and tested with data for the Ten Mile River Basin in southeastern Massachusetts. This report uses examples from the basin to illustrate each step of the method. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994287","usgsCitation":"Horn, M., 2000, Method for estimating water use and interbasin transfers of freshwater and wastewater in an urbanized basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4287, iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994287.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2133,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994287","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horn, M.A.","contributorId":92223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28870,"text":"wri004066 - 2000 - Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity to quantify leakage beneath Levee 31N, Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:24:32.317717","indexId":"wri004066","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4066","title":"Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity to quantify leakage beneath Levee 31N, Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"A coupled ground- and surface-water model (MODBRANCH) was developed to estimate ground-water flow beneath Levee 31N in Miami-Dade County, Florida, and to simulate hydrologic conditions in the surrounding area. The study included compilation of data from monitoring stations, measurement of vertical seepage rates in wetlands, and analysis of the hydrogeologic properties of the ground-water aquifer within the study area. In addition, the MODBRANCH code was modified to calculate the exchange between surface-water channels and ground water using a relation based on the concept of reach transmissivity. The modified reach-transmissivity version of the MODBRANCH code was successfully tested on three simple problems with known analytical solutions. It was also tested and determined to function adequately on one field problem that had previously been solved using the unmodified version of the software. The modified version of MODBRANCH was judged to have performed satisfactorily, and it required about 60 percent as many iterations to reach a solution. Additionally, its input parameters are more physically-based and less dependent on model-grid spacing. A model of the Levee 31N area was developed and used with the original and modified versions of MODBRANCH, which produced similar output. The mean annual modeled ground-water heads differed by only 0.02 foot, and the mean annual canal discharge differed by less than 1.0 cubic foot per second. Seepage meters were used to quantify vertical seepage rates in the Everglades wetlands area west of Levee 31N. A comparison between results from the seepage meters and from the computer model indicated substantial differences that seemed to be a result of local variations in the hydraulic properties in the topmost part of the Biscayne aquifer. The transmissivity of the Biscayne aquifer was estimated to be 1,400,000 square feet per day in the study area. The computer model was employed to simulate seepage of ground water beneath Levee 31N. Modeled seepage rates were usually between 100 and 400 cubic feet per day per foot of levee, but extreme values ranged from about -200 to 500 cubic feet per day (positive values indicate eastward seepage beneath the levee). The modeled seepage results were used to develop an algorithm to estimate seepage based on head differential at selected monitoring stations. The algorithm was determined to adequately predict ground-water seepage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004066","usgsCitation":"Nemeth, M.S., Wilcox, W.M., and Solo-Gabriele, H.M., 2000, Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity to quantify leakage beneath Levee 31N, Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4066, iv, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004066.","productDescription":"iv, 80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411662,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34359.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004066","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","otherGeospatial":"Levee 31N","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.417,\n              25.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.583,\n              25.783\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.583,\n              25.658\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.417,\n              25.658\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.417,\n              25.783\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e774d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nemeth, Mark S.","contributorId":80319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemeth","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Walter M.","contributorId":41470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.","contributorId":16871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solo-Gabriele","given":"Helena","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28209,"text":"wri004148 - 2000 - Hydrogeology, hydrologic budget, and water chemistry of the Medina Lake area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T17:28:32","indexId":"wri004148","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4148","title":"Hydrogeology, hydrologic budget, and water chemistry of the Medina Lake area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>A three-phase study of the Medina Lake area in Texas was done to assess the hydrogeology and hydrology of Medina and Diversion Lakes combined (the lake system) and to determine what fraction of seepage losses from the lake system might enter the regional ground-water-flow system of the Edwards and (or) Trinity aquifers. Phase 1 consisted of revising the geologic framework for the Medina Lake area. Results of field mapping show that the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone underlies Medina Lake and the intervening stream channel from the outflow of Medina Lake to the midpoint of Diversion Lake, where the Diversion Lake fault intersects Diversion Lake. A thin sequence of strata consisting primarily of the basal nodular and dolomitic members of the Kainer Formation of the Edwards Group, is present in the southern part of the study area. On the southern side of Medina Lake, the contact between the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone and the basal nodular member is approximately 1,000 feet above mean sea level, and the contact between the basal nodular member and the dolomitic member is approximately 1,050 feet above mean sea level. The most porous and permeable part of the basal nodular member is about 1,045 feet above mean sea level. At these altitudes, Medina Lake is in hydrologic connection with rocks in the Edwards aquifer recharge zone, and Medina Lake appears to lose more water to the ground-water system along this bedding plane contact. </p><p>Hydrologic budgets calculated during phase 2 for Medina Lake, Diversion Lake, and Medina/Diversion Lakes combined indicate that: (1) losses from Medina and Diversion Lakes can be quantified; (2) a portion of those losses are entering the Edwards aquifer; and (3) losses to the Trinity aquifer in the Medina Lake area are minimal and within the error of the hydrologic budgets. </p><p>Hydrologic budgets based on streamflow, precipitation, evaporation, and change in lake storage were used to quantify losses (recharge) to the ground-water system from Medina Lake, Diversion Lake, and Medina/Diversion Lakes combined during October 1995–September 1996. Water losses from Medina Lake to the Edwards/Trinity aquifers ranged from -14.0 to 135 acre-feet per day; Diversion Lake ranged from -1.2 to 93.1 acre-feet per day; and Medina/Diversion Lakes combined ranged from 36.1 to 119 acre-feet per day.</p><p>Monthly average recharge during December 1995–July 1996 was estimated using an alternative method developed during this study (current study method) and compared to monthly average recharge during December 1995–July 1996 estimated using the existing USGS method and the Trans-Texas method. Recharge to the Edwards aquifer estimated using the current study method was about 69 and 73 percent of the recharge estimated using the USGS and Trans-Texas methods, respectively. The USGS and Trans-Texas methods overestimated recharge from Medina Lake compared to the recharge estimated with the current study method when Medina Lake stage was between about 1,027 and 1,032 feet above mean sea level and underestimated recharge from Medina Lake when lake stage was between about 1,036 and 1,045 feet above mean sea level. The USGS and Trans-Texas methods underestimated recharge from Diversion Lake compared to the&nbsp;recharge estimated with the current study method when Diversion Lake stage was greater than 913 feet above mean sea level and overestimated recharge from Diversion Lake when lake stage was less than 913 feet above mean sea level.</p><p>The water quality of Medina Lake and Medina River and in selected wells and springs in the Edwards and Trinity aquifers was characterized during phase 3 of the study. Environmental isotope analyses and geochemical modeling also were used to determine where water losses from the lake system might be entering the ground-water-flow system. Isotopic ratios of deuterium, oxygen, and strontium were analyzed in selected surface-water, lake-water, and ground-water samples to trace the isotopic “signature” of the lake water as it mixes with the ground water and to determine the fraction of lake water and ground water in selected Edwards aquifer wells. Isotopic data and geochemical modeling were used to show that lake water is moving into the Edwards aquifer in two fault blocks in the eastern Medina storage unit. One fault block is bounded on the north by the Vandenburg School fault and on the south by the Haby Crossing fault, and the second fault block is bounded on the north by the Diversion Lake fault and on the south by the Haby Crossing fault. In selected Edwards aquifer wells located southwest of Medina Lake and west of Diversion Lake, the proportion of lake water ranged from about 10 to 45 percent. Geochemical modeling using NETPATH confirms the degree of mixing between lake water and aquifer water shown by the isotopes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004148","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bexar-Medina-Atascosa Counties Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, Bexar Metropolitan Water District, Texas Water Development Board, and Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Lambert, R.B., Grimm, K.C., and Lee, R.W., 2000, Hydrogeology, hydrologic budget, and water chemistry of the Medina Lake area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4148, Report: v, 54 p.; 2 Plates: 30.00 x 25.00 inches and 25.00 x 25.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004148.","productDescription":"Report: v, 54 p.; 2 Plates: 30.00 x 25.00 inches and 25.00 x 25.50 inches","numberOfPages":"190","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004148.PNG"},{"id":328031,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004148/pdf/wri00-4148.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":328032,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004148/pdf/00-4148_pl1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":328033,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004148/pdf/00-4148_pl2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"1.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":2328,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Medina Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.05479431152344,\n              29.432421529604852\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.84536743164061,\n              29.432421529604852\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.84536743164061,\n              29.7375511168952\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.05479431152344,\n              29.7375511168952\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.05479431152344,\n              29.432421529604852\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, Rebecca B. 0000-0002-0611-1591 blambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1591","contributorId":1135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Rebecca","email":"blambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimm, Kenneth C.","contributorId":29483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimm","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30711,"text":"fs16400 - 2000 - Reconstructing historical changes in the environmental health of watersheds by using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T16:15:03","indexId":"fs16400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"164-00","title":"Reconstructing historical changes in the environmental health of watersheds by using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Great Salt Lake Basins study area of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, which began in 1997, is increasing the scientific understanding of factors that affect surface-water quality within the study-area boundaries (fig. 1). One way to improve the understanding of these factors is to look at historical trends in existing water-quality data. Unfortunately, short record lengths, in- consistent analytical methods, numerous measurements at less than detection levels, and questionable accuracy limit the usefulness of historical monitoring data for most trace inorganic and organic contaminants found in streams, rivers, and lakes in the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/fs16400","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Stephens, D.W., Callender, E., and Van Metre, P., 2000, Reconstructing historical changes in the environmental health of watersheds by using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 164-00, 6 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16400.","productDescription":"6 p. ","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3081,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://tx.usgs.gov/coring/pubs/utah_lakes_fs.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0164/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59461,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87377929687499,\n              39.64799732373418\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.324462890625,\n              40.019201307686785\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.302490234375,\n              40.3130432088809\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.753173828125,\n              40.98819156349393\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.50048828124999,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.55541992187499,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.77490234375,\n              42.771211138625894\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.412109375,\n              42.431565872579185\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.510986328125,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.43408203124999,\n              41.15384235711447\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db636170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, Doyle W.","contributorId":40195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Doyle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callender, Edward","contributorId":69535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29272,"text":"wri004079 - 2000 - Estimation of peak streamflows for unregulated rural streams in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri004079","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4079","title":"Estimation of peak streamflows for unregulated rural streams in Kansas","docAbstract":"Peak streamflows were estimated at selected recurrence intervals (frequencies) ranging from 2 to 200 years using log-Pearson Type III distributions for 253 streamflow-gaging stations in Kansas. The annual peak-streamflow data, through the 1997 water year, were from streamflow-gaging stations with unregulated flow in mostly rural basins. A weighted least-squares regression model was used to generalize the coefficients of station skewness. The resulting generalized skewness equation provides more reliable estimates than the previously developed equation for Kansas. A generalized least-squares regression model then was used to develop equations for estimating peak streamflows for sites without stream gages for selected frequencies from selected physical and climatic basin characteristics for sites without stream gages. The equations can be used to estimate peak streamflows for selected frequencies using contributing-drainage area, mean annual precipitation, soil permeability, and slope of the main channel for ungaged sites in Kansas with a contributing-drainage area greater than 0.17 and less than 9,100 square miles. The errors of prediction for the generalized least-squares-generated equations range from 31 to 62 percent. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004079","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P.P., and Perry, C.A., 2000, Estimation of peak streamflows for unregulated rural streams in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4079, iv, 33 p., (2 folded) :ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004079.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p., (2 folded) :ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2262,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wrir.00-4079.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95756,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4079/report.pdf","size":"6758","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4079/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Patrick P. 0000-0002-3287-6010 pras@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-6010","contributorId":3530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Patrick","email":"pras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Charles A. cperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":2093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Charles","email":"cperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30007,"text":"wri004113 - 2000 - Estimated flow-duration curves for selected ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T20:34:20.007246","indexId":"wri004113","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4113","title":"Estimated flow-duration curves for selected ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins in Kansas","docAbstract":"Flow-duration curves for 1968-98 were estimated for 16 ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River Basins in south-central Kansas. The method of estimation used six unique factors of flow duration: (1) mean streamflow and percentage duration of mean streamflow, (2) ratio of 1-percent-duration streamflow to mean streamflow, (3) ratio of 0.1-percent-duration streamflow to 1-percent-duration streamflow, (4) ratio of 50-percent-duration streamflow to mean streamflow, (5) percentage duration of appreciable streamflow (0.10 cubic foot per second), and (6) average slope of the flow-duration curve. These factors were previously developed from a regionalized study of flow-duration curves using streamflow data for 1921-76. The method was tested on a currently measured, continuous-record streamflow-gaging station on the Little Arkansas River at Valley Center, Kansas, and was found to adequately estimate the computed flow-duration curve for the station. The low-flow parts of the estimated flow-duration curves were improved substantially using low- to medium-flow discharge measurements made concurrently with discharge measurements and flow-duration analyses performed at nearby, long-term, continuous-record, streamflow-gaging stations. The estimated flow-duration curves at the ungaged sites can be used for projecting future flow frequencies for assessment of total maximum daily loads (TMDL's) or other water-quality constituents and for water-availability studies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004113","usgsCitation":"Studley, S.E., 2000, Estimated flow-duration curves for selected ungaged sites in the Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4113, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004113.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30110.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95814,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004113","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4113/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cimarron and lower Arkansas River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.619,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.04,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.04,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.619,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.619,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd01c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Studley, Seth E. sstudley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Studley","given":"Seth","email":"sstudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26552,"text":"wri004161 - 2000 - Methodology for applying monitored natural attenuation to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated ground-water systems with examples from South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:40:36","indexId":"wri004161","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4161","title":"Methodology for applying monitored natural attenuation to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated ground-water systems with examples from South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Natural attenuation processes such as dispersion, advection, and biogradation serve to decrease concentrations of disssolved contaminants as they are transported in all ground-water systems. &nbsp;However, the efficiency of these natural attenuation processes and the degree to which they help attain remediation goals, varies considerably from site to site. &nbsp;This report provides a methodology for quantifying various natural attenuation mechanisms. &nbsp;This methodology incorporates information on (1) concentrations of contaminants in space and/or time; (2) ambient reduction/oxidation (redox) conditions; (3) rates and directions of ground-water flow; (4) rates of contaminant biodegradation; and (5) demographic considerations, such as the presence of nearby receptor exposure points or property boundaries. &nbsp;This document outlines the hydrologic, geochemical, and biologic data needed to assess the efficiency of natural attenuation, provides a screening tool for making preliminary assessments, and provides examples of how to determine when natural attenuation can be a useful component of site remediation at leaking underground storage tank sites.</p>\n<p>At a site in the Piedmont Physiographic Province (Laurens, South Carolina), hydrologic and water-chemistry data indicate that the natural attenuation capacity for benzene is approximately 5 percent per foot of flowpath. &nbsp;As a result, benzene concentrations would decrease from about 28,000 micrograms per liter in ground water at the source area to less than 5 micrograms per liter 200 feet downgradient and prior to discharging to a stream. &nbsp;Because of this rapid attenuation, contaminants do not presently impact the stream downgradient of the site. &nbsp;In contrast, at a site in the coastal Plain Physiographic Province (Charleston, South Carolina), hydrologic and water-chemistry data indicate that, even thought the site has a substantial natural attenuation capacity, it may not be sufficient to fully protect a nearby point of ground-water discharge.</p>\n<p>These two sites illustrate how the efficiency of natural attenuation processes acting on petroleum hydrocarbons can be systematically evaluated using hydrologic, geochemical, and microbiologic methods. &nbsp;These methods, in turn, can be used to assess the role that the natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons can play in achieving overall site remediation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Robertson, J.F., Landmeyer, J., and Bradley, P.M., 2000, Methodology for applying monitored natural attenuation to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated ground-water systems with examples from South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4161, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004161.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004161.JPG"},{"id":313237,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4161/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston, Laurens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.08621215820312,\n              32.66134422267952\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.08621215820312,\n              32.87612718124057\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69894409179688,\n              32.87612718124057\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69894409179688,\n              32.66134422267952\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.08621215820312,\n              32.66134422267952\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.1392822265625,\n              34.418239163003484\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1392822265625,\n              34.58460567894334\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.90444946289061,\n              34.58460567894334\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.90444946289061,\n              34.418239163003484\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1392822265625,\n              34.418239163003484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Frank H.","contributorId":53424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, John F.","contributorId":65503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29596,"text":"wri004115 - 2000 - Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri004115","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4115","title":"Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99","docAbstract":"The Fox Chain of Lakes is a glacial lake system in McHenry and Lake Counties in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. Sedimentation and nutrient overloading have occurred in the lake system since the first dam was built (1907) in McHenry to raise water levels in the lake system. Using data collected from December 1, 1997, to June 1, 1999, suspended-sediment budgets were constructed for the most upstream lake in the system, Grass Lake, and for the lakes downstream from Grass Lake. A total of 64,900 tons of suspended sediment entered Grass Lake during the study, whereas a total of 70,600 tons of suspended sediment exited the lake, indicating a net scour of 5,700 tons of sediment. A total of 44,100 tons of suspended sediment was measured exiting the Fox Chain of Lakes at Johnsburg, whereas 85,600 tons entered the system downstream from Grass Lake. These suspended-sediment loads indicate a net deposition of 41,500 tons downstream from Grass Lake, which represents a trapping efficiency of 48.5 percent. A large amount of recreational boating takes place on the Fox Chain of Lakes during summer months, and suspended-sediment load was observed to rise from 110 tons per day to 339 tons per day during the 1999 Memorial Day weekend (May 26 ?31, 1999). Presumably, this rise was the result of the boating traffic because no other hydrologic event is known to have occurred that might have caused the rise. This study covers a relatively short period and may not represent the long-term processes of the Fox Chain of Lakes system, although the sediment transport was probably higher than an average year. The bed sediments found on the bottom of the lakes are composed of mainly fine particles in the silt-clay range. The Grass Lake sediments were characterized as black peat with an organic content of between 9 and 18 percent, and the median particle size ranged from 0.000811 to 0.0013976 inches. Other bed material samples were collected at streamflow-gaging stations on the tributaries to the Fox Chain of Lakes. With the exception of Grass Lake Outlet at Lotus Woods, most of the bed sediments are sand size or larger. The bed material at the streamflow-gaging station at Grass Lake Outlet at Lotus Woods contains 31.5 percent silt- and clay-sized particles. The bed material at Nippersink Creek near Spring Grove also has higher silt content (10.7 percent) than the bed material found in the Fox River at Wilmot (2.1 percent) and Johnsburg (1.3 percent). Additionally, water velocities at 80 cross sections in the Fox Chain of Lakes were collected to provide sample circulation patterns during two separate 1-week periods, and discharge was measured at 18 locations in the lakes. These data were collected to be available for use in hydrodynamic models.  ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004115","usgsCitation":"Schrader, D.L., and Holmes, R.R., 2000, Suspended-sediment budget, flow distribution, and lake circulation for the Fox Chain of Lakes in Lake and McHenry Counties, Illinois, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4115, iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:16,000 (1 inch = about 1333 feet)., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004115.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:16,000 (1 inch = about 1333 feet).","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=00-4115","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"6000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, David L.","contributorId":45748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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