Annual suspended-sediment loads for water years 1954 through 1998 were estimated for the major tributaries in the Missouri River Basin between Garrison Dam and Lake Oahe in North Dakota and for the Missouri River at Garrison Dam and the Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. The major tributaries are the Knife River, Turtle Creek, Painted Woods Creek, Square Butte Creek, Burnt Creek, Heart River, and Apple Creek. Sediment and streamflow data used to estimate the suspended-sediment loads were from selected U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations located within each basin. Some of the stations had no sediment data available and limited continuous streamflow data for water years 1954 through 1998. Therefore, data from nearby streamflow-gaging stations were assumed for the calculations.
The Heart River contributed the largest amount of suspended sediment to the Missouri River for 1954-98. Annual suspended-sediment loads in the Heart River near Mandan ranged from less than 1 to 40 percent of the annual suspended-sediment load in the Missouri River. The Knife River contributed the second largest amount of suspended sediment to the Missouri River. Annual suspended-sediment loads in the Knife River at Hazen ranged from less than 1 to 19 percent of the annual suspended-sediment load in the Missouri River. Apple Creek, Turtle Creek, Painted Woods Creek, Square Butte Creek, and Burnt Creek all contributed 2 percent or less of the annual suspended-sediment load in the Missouri River. The Knife River and the Heart River also had the largest average suspended-sediment yields for the seven tributaries. The yield for the Knife River was 91.1 tons per square mile, and the yield for the Heart River was 133 tons per square mile. The remaining five tributaries had yields of less than 24 tons per square mile based on total drainage area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004072","usgsCitation":"Macek-Rowland, K.M., 2000, Suspended-sediment loads from major tributaries to the Missouri River between Garrison Dam and Lake Oahe, North Dakota, 1954-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4072, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004072.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57321,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407652,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26217.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4072/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Garrison Dam, Lake Oahe, Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.383,\n 46.417\n ],\n [\n -99.133,\n 46.417\n ],\n [\n -99.133,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -103.383,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -103.383,\n 46.417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macek-Rowland, Kathleen M.","contributorId":50565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macek-Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28254,"text":"wri20004064 - 2000 - Regional equations for estimating mean annual and mean seasonal runoff for natural basins in Texas, base period 1961-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T09:40:58","indexId":"wri20004064","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4064","title":"Regional equations for estimating mean annual and mean seasonal runoff for natural basins in Texas, base period 1961-90","docAbstract":"
Regional equations were developed for estimating mean annual and mean seasonal runoff for natural basins in Texas. The equations, which are based on the statistical relation between streamflow and basin characteristics, use streamflow data and basin characteristics from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations within natural basins and with a least 8 years of data during 1961-90. The State was divided into 11 hydrologic regions on the basis of previous studies. The final equations for estimating mean annual and mean seasonal runoff were developed from 228 streamflow-gaging stations. Contributing drainage area and mean annual or mean seasonal precipitation were determined to be the most significant basin characteristics in each region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20004064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Lanning-Rush, J., 2000, Regional equations for estimating mean annual and mean seasonal runoff for natural basins in Texas, base period 1961-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4064, Report: iv, 27 p.; Plate: 24.00 x 26.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004064.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; Plate: 24.00 x 26.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1961-01-01","temporalEnd":"1990-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4064.jpg"},{"id":13131,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63511b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanning-Rush, Jennifer","contributorId":38981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanning-Rush","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28562,"text":"wri004074 - 2000 - Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, runoff, and ice thickness data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1995 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-16T05:21:37","indexId":"wri004074","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4074","title":"Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, runoff, and ice thickness data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1995 balance year","docAbstract":"The 1995 measured winter snow, maximum winter snow, net, and annual balances in the Gulkana Glacier basin were evaluated on the basis of meteorological, hydrological, and glaciological data obtained in the basin. Averaged over the glacier, the measured winter snow balance was 0.94 meter on April 19, 1995, 0.6 standard deviation below the long-term average; the maximum winter snow balance, 0.94 meter, was reached on April 25, 1995; the net balance (from September 18, 1994 to August 29, 1995) was -0.70 meter, 0.76 standard deviation below the long-term average. The annual balance (October 1, 1994, to September 30, 1995) was -0.86 meter. Ice-surface motion and altitude changes measured at three index sites document seasonal ice speed and glacier-thickness changes. Annual stream runoff was 2.05 meters averaged over the basin, approximately equal to the long-term average.
\nThe 1976 ice-thickness data are reported from a single site near the highest measurement site (180 meters thick) and from two glacier cross profiles near the mid-glacier (270 meters thick on centerline) and low glacier (150 meters thick on centerline) measurement sites.
\nA new area-altitude distribution determined from 1993 photogrammetry is reported. Area-averaged balances are reported from both the 1967 and 1993 area-altitude distribution so the reader may directly see the effect of the update. Briefly, loss of ablation area between 1967 and 1993 results in a larger weighting being applied to data from the upper glacier site and hence, increases calculated area-averaged balances. The balance increase is of the order of 15 percent for net balance.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","doi":"10.3133/wri004074","usgsCitation":"March, R.S., 2000, Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, runoff, and ice thickness data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1995 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4074, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004074.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290201,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4074/report.pdf"},{"id":290202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulkana Glacier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -145.677508,63.188196 ], [ -145.677508,63.348803 ], [ -145.16527,63.348803 ], [ -145.16527,63.188196 ], [ -145.677508,63.188196 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"March, Rod S. rsmarch@usgs.gov","contributorId":416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"Rod","email":"rsmarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29804,"text":"wri20004090 - 2000 - Regional water table (1998) and ground-water-level changes in the Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:24:19.940368","indexId":"wri20004090","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4090","title":"Regional water table (1998) and ground-water-level changes in the Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins are in the southwestern part of the Mojave Desert in southern California. Ground water from these basins supplies a major part of the water requirements for the region. The rapid and continuous population growth in this area has resulted in ever-increasing demands on local ground-water resources. The continuing collection and interpretation of ground-water data helps local water districts, military bases, and private citizens gain a better understanding of the ground-water systems and, consequently, water availability.\r\n\r\nDuring 1998 the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies made approximately 2,370 water-level measurements in the Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins. These data document recent conditions and changes in ground-water levels. A water-level contour map was drawn using data from 450 wells, providing coverage for most of both basins. Twenty-three hydrographs show long-term (as much as 70 years) water-level trends throughout the basins. To help show effects of late seasonal recharge along the Mojave River, 14 short-term (13 years) hydrographs were created. A water-level change map was compiled to enable comparison of 1996 and 1998 water levels.\r\n\r\nThe Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins had little change in water levels between 1996 and 1998 - with the exception of the areas of the Yucca Valley affected by artificial recharge. Other water-level changes were localized and reflected pumping or measurements made before seasonal recharge. Three areas of perched ground water were identified: El Mirage Lake (dry), Adelanto, and Lucerne Valley.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004090","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.A., and Pimentel, M.I., 2000, Regional water table (1998) and ground-water-level changes in the Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4090, Report; iv, 107 p.; 1 Plate: 48.96 × 37.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004090.","productDescription":"Report; iv, 107 p.; 1 Plate: 48.96 × 37.24 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95783,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4090/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33853.htm"},{"id":160554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4090/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.7890,\n 34.0190\n ],\n [\n -116.133,\n 34.0190\n ],\n [\n -116.133,\n 35.223\n ],\n [\n -117.7890,\n 35.223\n ],\n [\n -117.7890,\n 34.0190\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63507e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Gregory A. 0000-0001-8170-9924 gasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":1520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pimentel, M. Isabel","contributorId":54257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pimentel","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Isabel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25975,"text":"wri004027 - 2000 - Effects of land use on recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers in the upper Illinois River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-23T14:00:57","indexId":"wri004027","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4027","displayTitle":"Effects of Land Use on Recharge Potential of Surficial and Shallow Bedrock Aquifers in the Upper Illinois River Basin","title":"Effects of land use on recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers in the upper Illinois River basin","docAbstract":"The upper Illinois River Basin (UIRB) is the 10,949-square-mile drainage area upstream from Ottawa, Illinois on the Illinois River and is one of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program study units. To assist in the interpretation of groundwater data that will be collected during the course of the UIRB study, the study-unit team designed a spatial model to describe recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers. The following factors, identified as having an effect on recharge potential, were incorporated into the model: land use, soil permeability, type and thickness of surficial deposits, and uppermost bedrock geology. Other models designed to simulate recharge potential and the potential for contamination that were examined during the preparation of this model included factors similar to those included in this model, with the exception of land use. Land use and changes in land use over time, however, can affect recharge potential. The UIRB model was used to simulate recharge potential with and without incorporating land use. A comparison of the simulation results showed that recharge potential was overestimated in some areas and underestimated in other areas when land use was not included in the model. Comparisons of simulations that used 1970 and estimated 1990 land use showed changes in recharge potential over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004027","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Arnold, T., and Friedel, M.J., 2000, Effects of land use on recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers in the upper Illinois River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4027, vi, 18 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004027.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":1987,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4027/wrir00_4027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 00–4027"}],"contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Flooding that occurred in southwest Iowa during June 15–17, 1998, was the worst flood ever recorded on the Nishnabotna River, exceeding the theoretical 500-year flood calculated from peak-flow records (1922 to present). This flood was a direct consequence of severe thunderstorm activity that caused more than 4 inches of rain to fall over a large part of the Nishnabotna River Basin. In fact, a new official State record for 24-hour total rainfall (13.18 inches) was set by this storm. The peak streamflow of the Nishnabotna River near Hamburg, Iowa, was 65,100 cubic feet per second, about 20 percent more than any previous recorded peak streamflow at this site.
\nTo determine the concentrations of selected contaminants that might be present in this record flooding, water-quality samples were collected within hours of the flood peak. The results from these samples documented the presence of numerous herbicide compounds (11 parent compounds and 12 herbicide degradates). The highest herbicide concentration was 5.06 micrograms per liter (µg/L) for atrazine, followed by metolachlor (1.16 µg/L), metolachlor ESA (1.04 µg/L), acetochlor OA (0.99 µg/L), and acetochlor ESA (0.95 µg/L). The total herbicide concentration (summation of the 23 herbicide compounds detected) was 15.6 µg/L. The timing of the severe thunderstorm activity and flooding, which occurred shortly after chemical application associated with planting of crops, was the principal reason for the large number and concentrations of herbicide compounds found in the flood water.
\nAt the time the water-quality samples were collected, the Nishnabotna River was transporting about 6,000 pounds of suspended sediment, 18 pounds of nitrogen, 3 pounds of phosphorus, and 0.02 pound of atrazine each second. These loads were about 10 to 150 times greater than those during a previous runoff event, and about 260 to 4,600 times greater than those during a previous base-flow condition.
\nThis sampling demonstrates the importance of collecting both water-quantity and water-quality data during flood events to estimate contaminant loads. Potential environmental effects of a flood can only be understood when both components are measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20004025","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Fischer, E.E., and Schnoebelen, D.J., 2000, Water-quantity and water-quality aspects of a 500-year flood - Nishnabotna River, southwest Iowa, June 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4025, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004025.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1998-06-15","temporalEnd":"1998-06-17","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/WRIR_00-4025.pdf","size":"157","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 40.826280356677124\n ],\n [\n -95.73486328124999,\n 40.643135583312805\n ],\n [\n -95.6634521484375,\n 40.526326510744006\n ],\n [\n -95.54809570312499,\n 40.526326510744006\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 40.97160353279909\n ],\n [\n -95.0592041015625,\n 41.091772220976615\n ],\n [\n -94.97131347656249,\n 41.265420628926684\n ],\n [\n -94.89990234375,\n 41.47977575214487\n ],\n [\n -94.58129882812499,\n 41.545589036668105\n ],\n [\n -94.47143554687499,\n 41.7508241355329\n ],\n [\n -94.427490234375,\n 41.94314874732696\n ],\n [\n -94.5318603515625,\n 42.14304156290939\n ],\n [\n -94.89990234375,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -95.19653320312499,\n 42.60970621339408\n ],\n [\n -95.614013671875,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -95.69091796875,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -95.78979492187499,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -95.767822265625,\n 41.28606238749825\n ],\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 40.826280356677124\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5eda38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Edward E. edf@usgs.gov","contributorId":1063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Edward","email":"edf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schnoebelen, Douglas J.","contributorId":87514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28319,"text":"wri954211D - 2000 - Benthic invertebrates of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T13:18:04","indexId":"wri954211D","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4211","chapter":"D","title":"Benthic invertebrates of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","docAbstract":"This report describes the variability in family-level benthic-invertebrate population data and the reliability of the data as a water-quality indicator for 11 fixed surface-water sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study area of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Benthic-invertebrate-community measures were computed for the following: number of individuals, Hilsenhoff’s Family-Level Biotic Index, number and percent EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Tricoptera), Margalef’s Diversity Index, and mean tolerance value. Relations between these measures and environmental setting, habitat, and of chemical water quality are examined.
Benthic-invertebrate communities varied greatly among fixed sites and within individual streams among multiple-reach and multiple-year sampling. The variations between multiple reaches and years were sometimes larger than those found between different fixed sites. Factors affecting benthic invertebrates included both habitat and chemical quality. Generally, fixed-site streams with the highest diversity, greatest number of benthic invertebrates, and those at which community measures indicated the best water quality also had the best habitat and chemical quality. Variations among reaches are most likely related to differences in habitat.
Variations among years are most likely related to climatic changes, which create variations in flow and/or chemical quality. The variability in the data analyzed in this study shows how benthic invertebrates are affected by differences in both habitat and water quality, making them useful indicators of stream health; however, a single benthic-invertebrate sample alone cannot be relied upon to accurately describe water quality of the streams in this study. Benthic-invertebrate data contributed valuable information on the biological health of the 11 fixed sites when used as one of several data sources for assessing water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Middleton, WI","doi":"10.3133/wri954211D","usgsCitation":"Lenz, B.N., and Rheaume, S.J., 2000, Benthic invertebrates of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4211, vii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954211D.","productDescription":"vii, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123032,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_95_4211_d.jpg"},{"id":2371,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954211D","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":310632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri95-4211-D/pdf/wrir-95-4211-d.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.84410779560204\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 46.384833223492784\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 46.61171462536894\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 46.73233101286786\n ],\n [\n -88.516845703125,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -88.890380859375,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -90.120849609375,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -89.923095703125,\n 43.73935207915473\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 43.141078106345844\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 43.092960677116295\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -88.428955078125,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 42.4639928001706\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -87.659912109375,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -87.242431640625,\n 44.457309801319305\n ],\n [\n -86.890869140625,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -86.72607421875,\n 45.42158812329091\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 45.54483149242463\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.84410779560204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b4f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenz, Bernard N.","contributorId":85170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rheaume, S. J.","contributorId":70804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rheaume","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27861,"text":"wri934167 - 2000 - Water resources of the Blackstone River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-11T14:04:58","indexId":"wri934167","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4167","title":"Water resources of the Blackstone River basin, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"By 2020, demand for water in the Blackstone River Basin is expected to be 52 million gallons per day, one-third greater than the demand of 39 million gallons per day in 1980. Most of this increase is expected to be supplied by increased withdrawals of ground water from stratified-drift aquifers in the eastern and northern parts of the basin. Increased withdrawals from stratified-drift aquifers along the Blackstone River and in the western part of the basin also are expected.
The eastern and northern parts of the Blackstone River Basin contain numerous small, discontinuous aquifers which, as a group, comprise the largest ground-water resource of the study area. Fifteen aquifers, ranging in areal extent from 0.57 to 4.3 square miles, were identified. These aquifers have maximum saturated thicknesses ranging from less than 10 feet to 105 feet and maximum transmissivities ranging from less than 1,000 to more than 20,000 feet squared per day. Yields of nine study aquifers were estimated by use of digital ground-water-flow models. Yields depend on the hydraulic properties of the aquifer and the amount of streamflow available for depletion by wells. If streamflow is maintained at 98-percent duration, long-term yields from the aquifers that would be expected to be equaled or exceeded 50 percent of the time range from 0.22 to 11 million gallons per day, and long-term yields equaled or exceeded 95 percent of the time range from 0.06 to 1.0 million gallons per day. If streamflow is maintained at 99.5-percent duration, long-term yields equaled or exceeded 50 percent of the time range from 0.22 to 11 million gallons per day, long-term yields equaled or exceeded 95 percent of the time range from 0.04 to 1.4 million gallons per day, and longterm yields equaled or exceeded 98 percent of the time range from 0.02 to 0.39 million gallons per day. Maintaining streamflow at 98-percent duration is a more restrictive criterion than maintaining streamflow at 99.5-percent duration.
The upper Lake Quinsigamond, upper West River, and Stone Brook aquifers are capable of sustaining withdrawals of at least 1 million gallons per day more than their rates in the mid-1980s. The upper Mill River and Auburn aquifers are not capable of sustaining additional withdrawals of 0.25 million gallons per day. Ground-water quality in the Auburn aquifer has been degraded by activities and contaminants associated with urbanization.
A nearly continuous deposit of stratified drift almost 30 miles long and from 400 feet to more than 1 mile wide occupies lowland areas along the southeastern part of the Blackstone River. These deposits were divided into four aquifers ranging in areal extent from 1.8 to 3.5 square miles. These aquifers have maximum saturated thicknesses ranging from 54 to 170 feet and maximum transmissivities ranging from less than 1,500 to more than 20,000 feet squared per day. The Blackstone River receives substantial amounts of treated municipal wastewater. Infiltration of poor-quality surface water has significantly increased the specific conductance and the concentrations of all major ions, ammonia, iron, and manganese in the water pumped from at least two wells near the river. These wells derive about 41 and 48 percent of their yield from infiltrated surface water. At both sites, aquifer heterogeneity controlled the movement of infiltrated water to the wells. At one of these sites, where the flow of infiltrated water was tracked (by use of a digital model) in three dimensions, infiltrated water moved to the well through gravel layers that did not constitute the entire thickness of the aquifer. Changes in stream discharge that resulted in changes in surface-water quality also affected the quality of ground water at that site.
The western part of the Blackstone River Basin contains the smallest aquifers evaluated in the study area. Six aquifers, ranging in areal extent from 0.05 to 1.3 square miles, were identified. The hydraulic properties of most of these aquifers have not been determined, but available data indicate that maximum saturated thicknesses range from 28 to 71 feet and maximum transmissivities range from 2,300 to 15,000 feet squared per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934167","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management, Office of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., 2000, Water resources of the Blackstone River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4167, Report: vi, 115 p.; 2 Plates: 46.47 x 34.00 inches and 46.67 x 34.00, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934167.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 115 p.; 2 Plates: 46.47 x 34.00 inches and 46.67 x 34.00","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56684,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":350422,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4167/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350421,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4167/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Blackstone River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.93367004394531,\n 41.9\n ],\n [\n -71.3,\n 41.9\n ],\n [\n -71.3,\n 42.371227435069805\n ],\n [\n -71.93367004394531,\n 42.371227435069805\n ],\n [\n -71.93367004394531,\n 41.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f05ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28508,"text":"wri004108 - 2000 - Field tests of polyethylene-membrane diffusion samplers for characterizing volatile organic compounds in stream-bottom sediments, Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund site, Ashland, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri004108","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4108","title":"Field tests of polyethylene-membrane diffusion samplers for characterizing volatile organic compounds in stream-bottom sediments, Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund site, Ashland, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A plume of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water extends from the Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund site in Ashland, Massachusetts, northward toward a mill pond on the Sudbury River and eastward toward the Sudbury River and former mill raceway downstream from the mill pond. Polyethylene-membrane water-to-vapor (vapor) and water-to-water (water) diffusion samplers were installed January 1999 in bottom sediments along the Sudbury River and former mill raceway in a pilot study to determine if vapor samplers would be useful in this setting for delineating a plume of contaminants in ground water near the river and raceway, to evaluate equilibration time for vapor-diffusion samplers, and to determine if diffusion samplers might be an alternative to seepage meters (inverted steel drums) and sediment sampling for evaluating concentrations of VOCs in bottom sediments.\r\n\r\n\r\nOf five tested compounds (benzene, trichloroethene, toluene, tetrachloroethene, and chlorobenzene), chlorobenzene and trichloroethene were most frequently detected in vapor from vapor-diffusion samplers. The distribution of VOCs was generally consistent with a previously mapped plume of contaminants in ground water. The field evaluation of equilibration times for vapor-diffusion samplers was inconclusive because of changing hydrologic conditions that may have affected concentrations of VOCs, possible variations in concentrations ofVOCs over short distances, and imprecise sampling and analytical methods. The limited data, however, indicated that equilibration may require 3 weeks or more in some settings.\r\n\r\n\r\nVOCs detected in samples from water-diffusion samplers and their concentrations were comparable to results from seepage meters, and VOCs detected in vapor-diffusion samplers correlated with VOCs detected in water-diffusion samplers. These results indicate that either vapor-or water-diffusion samplers would serve as an economical alternative to seepage meters for sampling of VOCs in pore water from stream-bottom sediments. Results from diffusion samplers correlated poorly with results from sediment samples, partly because of high quantitation limits for chemical analyses of sediments. In general, results from the diffusion samplers better represented the distribution of VOCs than the results from the sediment samples. This pilot study indicates that diffusion samplers are an economical means of identifying 'hotspots' for contaminants in bottom sediments and can provide insights on transport pathways for contaminants near surface-water bodies. After establishing equilibration times for a particular site, diffusion samplers also may be useful for studying variations in concentrations of VOCs over short distances, variations with time and changing hydrologic conditions, and processes such as chemical transformations by biodegradation and exchanges between surface water and ground water in the hyporheic zone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004108","usgsCitation":"Lyford, F.P., Willey, R.E., and Clifford, S., 2000, Field tests of polyethylene-membrane diffusion samplers for characterizing volatile organic compounds in stream-bottom sediments, Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund site, Ashland, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4108, iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004108.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2330,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyford, Forest P.","contributorId":43334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"Forest","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willey, Richard E.","contributorId":30972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clifford, Scott","contributorId":63042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30282,"text":"wri004019 - 2000 - Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for the Souris River, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and Manitoba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T12:56:38","indexId":"wri004019","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4019","title":"Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for the Souris River, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and Manitoba","docAbstract":"The Souris River Basin is a 24,600-square-mile basin located in southeast Saskatchewan, north-central North Dakota, and southwest Manitoba. The Souris River Bilateral Water Quality Monitoring Group, formed in 1989 by the governments of Canada and the United States, is responsible for documenting trends in water quality in the Souris River and making recommendations for monitoring future water-quality conditions. This report presents results of a study conducted for the Bilateral Water Quality Monitoring Group by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health, to analyze historic trends in water quality in the Souris River and to determine efficient sampling designs for monitoring future trends. U.S. Geological Survey and Environment Canada water-quality data collected during 1977-96 from four sites near the boundary crossings between Canada and the United States were included in the trend analysis.
A parametric time-series model was developed for detecting trends in historic constituent concentration data. The model can be applied to constituents that have at least 90 percent of observations above detection limits of the analyses, which, for the Souris River, includes most major ions and nutrients and many trace elements. The model can detect complex nonmonotonic trends in concentration in the presence of complex interannual and seasonal variability in daily discharge. A key feature of the model is its ability to handle highly irregular sampling intervals. For example, the intervals between concentration measurements may be be as short as 10 days to as long as several months, and the number of samples in any given year can range from zero to 36.
Results from the trend analysis for the Souris River indicated numerous trends in constituent concentration. The most significant trends at the two sites located near the upstream boundary crossing between Saskatchewan and North Dakota consisted of increases in concentrations of most major ions, dissolved boron, and dissolved arsenic during 1987-91 and decreases in concentrations of the same constituents during 1992-96. Significant trends at the two sites located near the downstream boundary crossing between North Dakota and Manitoba included increases in dissolved sodium, dissolved chloride, and total phosphorus during 1977-86, decreases in dissolved oxygen and dissolved boron and increases in total phosphorus and dissolved iron during 1987-91, and a decrease in total phosphorus during 1992-96.
The time-series model also was used to determine the sensitivity of various sampling designs for monitoring future water-quality trends in the Souris River. It was determined that at least two samples per year are required in each of three seasons--March through June, July through October, and November through February--to obtain reasonable sensitivity for detecting trends in each season. In addition, substantial improvements occurred in sensitivity for detecting trends by adding a third sample for major ions and trace elements in March through June, adding a third sample for nutrients in July through October, and adding a third sample for nutrients, trace elements, and dissolved oxygen in November through February.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004019","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., 2000, Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for the Souris River, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and Manitoba: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4019, iv, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004019.","productDescription":"iv, 77 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2444,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nd.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri004019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a4ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26328,"text":"wri004104 - 2000 - Quality-assurance design applied to an assessment of agricultural pesticides in ground water from carbonate bedrock aquifers in the Great Valley of eastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T16:01:11","indexId":"wri004104","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4104","title":"Quality-assurance design applied to an assessment of agricultural pesticides in ground water from carbonate bedrock aquifers in the Great Valley of eastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Assessments to determine whether agricultural pesticides are present in ground water are performed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania under the aquifer monitoring provisions of the State Pesticides and Ground Water Strategy. Pennsylvania's Department of Agriculture conducts the monitoring and collects samples; the Department of Environmental Protection (PaDEP) Laboratory analyzes the samples to measure pesticide concentration. To evaluate the quality of the measurements of pesticide concentration for a groundwater assessment, a quality-assurance design was developed and applied to a selected assessment area in Pennsylvania. This report describes the quality-assurance design, describes how and where the design was applied, describes procedures used to collect and analyze samples and to evaluate the results, and summarizes the quality assurance results along with the assessment results.
The design was applied in an agricultural area of the Delaware River Basin in Berks, Lebanon, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties to evaluate the bias and variability in laboratory results for pesticides. The design—with random spatial and temporal components—included four data-quality objectives for bias and variability. The spatial design was primary and represented an area comprising 30 sampling cells. A quality-assurance sampling frequency of 20 percent of cells was selected to ensure a sample number of five or more for analysis. Quality-control samples included blanks, spikes, and replicates of laboratory water and spikes, replicates, and 2-lab splits of groundwater. Two analytical laboratories, the PaDEP Laboratory and a U.S. Geological Survey Laboratory, were part of the design. Bias and variability were evaluated by use of data collected from October 1997 through January 1998 for alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, simazine, pendimethalin, metribuzin, and chlorpyrifos.
Results of analyses of field blanks indicate that collection, processing, transport, and laboratory analysis procedures did not contaminate the samples; there were no false-positive results. Pesticides were detected in water when pesticides were spiked into (added to) samples. There were no false negatives for the eight pesticides in all spiked samples. Negative bias was characteristic of analytical results for the eight pesticides, and bias was generally in excess of 10 percent from the ‘true’ or expected concentration (34 of 39 analyses, or 87 percent of the ground-water results) for pesticide concentrations ranging from 0.31 to 0.51 mg/L (micrograms per liter). The magnitude of the negative bias for the eight pesticides, with the exception of cyanazine, would result in reported concentrations commonly 75-80 percent of the expected concentration in the water sample. The bias for cyanazine was negative and within 10 percent of the expected concentration. A comparison of spiked pesticide-concentration recoveries in laboratory water and ground water indicated no effect of the ground-water matrix, and matrix interference was not a source of the negative bias. Results for the laboratory-water spikes submitted in triplicate showed large variability for recoveries of atrazine, cyanazine, and pendimethalin. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was used as a measure of method variability over the course of the study for laboratory waters at a concentration of 0.4 mg/L. An RSD of about 11 percent (or about ?0.05 mg/L)characterizes the method results for alachlor, chlorpyrifos, metolachlor, metribuzin, and simazine. Atrazine and pendimethalin have RSD values of about 17 and 23 percent, respectively. Cyanazine showed the largest RSD at nearly 51 percent. The pesticides with low variability in laboratory-water spikes also had low variability in ground water.
The assessment results showed that atrazinewas the most commonly detected pesticide in ground water in the assessment area. Atrazine was detected in water from 22 of the 28 wells sampled, and recovery results for atrazine were some of the worst (largest negative bias). Concentrations of the eight pesticides in ground water from wells were generally less than 0.3 µg/L. Only six individual measurements of the concentrations in water from six of the wells were at or above 0.3 µg/L, five for atrazine and one for metolachlor. There were eight additional detections of metolachlor and simazine at concentrations less than 0.1 µg/L. No well water contained more than one pesticide at concentra-tions at or above 0.3 µg/L. Evidence exists, how-ever, for a pattern of co-occurrence of metolachlor and simazine at low concentrations with higher concentrations of atrazine.
Large variability in replicate samples and negative bias for pesticide recovery from spiked samples indicate the need to use data for pesticide recovery in the interpretation of measured pesti-cide concentrations in ground water. Data from samples spiked with known amounts of pesticides were a critical component of a quality-assurance design for the monitoring component of the Pesti-cides and Ground Water Strategy.
Trigger concentrations, the concentrations that require action under the Pesticides and Ground Water Strategy, should be considered maximums for action. This consideration is needed because of the magnitude of negative bias.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Breen, K.J., 2000, Quality-assurance design applied to an assessment of agricultural pesticides in ground water from carbonate bedrock aquifers in the Great Valley of eastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4104, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004104.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2017,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4104/wri20004104.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4104"},{"id":157524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4104/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Heron Lake Watershed District, conducted a study to characterize the rainfall-runoff response and to examine the effects of wetland restoration on the rainfall-runoff response within the Heron Lake Basin in southwestern Minnesota. About 93 percent of the land cover in the Heron Lake Basin consists of agricultural lands, consisting almost entirely of row crops, with less than one percent consisting of wetlands. The Hydrological Simulation Program – Fortran (HSPF), Version 10, was calibrated to continuous discharge data and used to characterize rainfall-runoff responses in the Heron Lake Basin between May 1991 and August 1997. Simulation of the Heron Lake Basin was done as a two-step process: (1) simulations of five small subbasins using data from August 1995 through August 1997, and (2) simulations of the two large basins, Jack and Okabena Creek Basins, using data from May 1991 through September 1996. Simulations of the five small subbasins was done to determine basin parameters for the land segments and assess rainfall-runoff response variability in the basin. Simulations of the two larger basins were done to verify the basin parameters and assess rainfall-runoff responses over a larger area and for a longer time period. Best-fit calibrations of the five subbasin simulations indicate that the rainfall-runoff response is uniform throughout the Heron Lake Basin, and 48 percent of the total rainfall for storms becomes direct (surface and interflow) runoff. Rainfall-runoff response variations result from variations in the distribution, intensity, timing, and duration of rainfall; soil moisture; evapotranspiration rates; and the presence of lakes in the basin. In the spring, the amount and distribution of rainfall tends to govern the runoff response. High evapotranspiration rates in the summer result in a depletion of moisture from the soils, substantially affecting the rainfall-runoff relation. Five wetland restoration simulations were run for each of five subbasins using data from August 1995 through August 1997, and for the two larger basins, Jack and Okabena Creek Basins, using data from May 1991 through September 1996. Results from linear regression analysis of total simulated direct runoff and total rainfall data for simulated storms in the wetland-restoration simulations indicate that the portion of total rainfall that becomes runoff will be reduced by 46 percent if 45 percent of current cropland is converted to wetland. The addition of wetlands reduced peak runoff in most of the simulations, but the reduction varied with antecedent soil moisture, the magnitude of the peak flow, and the presence of current wetlands and lakes. Reductions in the simulated total and peak runoff from the Jack Creek Basin for most of the simulated storms were greatest when additional wetlands were simulated in the North Branch Jack Creek or the Upper Jack Creek Subbasins. In the Okabena Creek Basin, reductions in simulated peak runoff for most of the storms were greatest when additional wetlands were simulated in the Lower Okabena Creek Subbasin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20004095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and Heron Lake Watershed District","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., and Winterstein, T.A., 2000, Characterization of rainfall-runoff response and estimation of the effect of wetland restoration on runoff, Heron Lake Basin, southwestern Minnesota, 1991-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4095, vii, 160 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004095.","productDescription":"vii, 160 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-05-01","temporalEnd":"1997-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Perry M. 0000-0002-6569-5144 pmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-5144","contributorId":2231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Perry","email":"pmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winterstein, Thomas A.","contributorId":25971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterstein","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30856,"text":"wri004023 - 2000 - Preliminary assessment of phosphorus transport in the Cheney Reservoir watershed, south-central Kansas, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"wri004023","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4023","title":"Preliminary assessment of phosphorus transport in the Cheney Reservoir watershed, south-central Kansas, 1997-98","docAbstract":"A 5-year assessment of water-quality conditions is being conducted in the 933-square-mile Cheney Reservoir watershed of south-central Kansas. Part of this assessment is to define source areas of phosphorus in the watershed and to quantify its transport into Cheney Reservoir. Concern exists for the quality of water in Cheney Reservoir particularly in regards to phosphorus because of its possible relation to algal blooms and subsequent taste and odor problems in treated drinking water from the reservoir. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a preliminary assessment of phosphorus transport during the first 2 complete years (1997-98) of data collection. Annual phosphorus loads and yields were estimated, using regression analysis, at six sampling sites in the Cheney Reservoir watershed. Phosphorus loads and yields for the entire watershed also were estimated. Estimated phosphorus loads at all sampling sites and two additional subwatershed areas were substantially larger in 1998 than in 1997, with a median increase of 68 percent. This increase was mostly the result of wetter conditions in 1998. Estimated mean annual phosphorus yields for 1997-98 (upstream from Cheney Reservoir) ranged from 0.131 to 0.371 pound per acre. Much of the between-site variability in yields was attributed to variability in water yield and does not represent substantial changes in land-use or land-management practices. On average, about 62 percent of the phosphorus load to the reservoir was retained in the reservoir. A mean annual phosphorus yield for 1997-98 for the entire Cheney Reservoir watershed was estimated at 0.20 pound per acre. This compares to mean annual phosphorus yields of 1.76 and 0.05 pounds per acre reported in previous reservoir watershed assessments conducted in the Hillsdale Lake watershed in eastern Kansas in 1996 and the Webster Reservoir watershed in western Kansas in 1998, respectively. However, because of some uncertainty of the representativeness of the Cheney Reservoir watershed mean annual yield for 1997-98, it is suggested that a detailed examination of reservoir bottom sediment and associated phosphorus might provide estimates of historical mean annual phosphorus loads to Cheney Reservoir and of yields from the watershed with which to compare results of the 1997-98 study.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004023","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., and Milligan, C., 2000, Preliminary assessment of phosphorus transport in the Cheney Reservoir watershed, south-central Kansas, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4023, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004023.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2735,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004023","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95866,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4023/report.pdf","size":"7198","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4023/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":13735,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wrir.00-4023.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, L. M.","contributorId":71939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milligan, C.R.","contributorId":61079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milligan","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25547,"text":"wri994036 - 2000 - Ground-water and water-chemistry data for the Willamette basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:09:38","indexId":"wri994036","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4036","title":"Ground-water and water-chemistry data for the Willamette basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"This report presents ground-water data collected and compiled as part of a study of the ground-water resources of the Willamette River Basin, Oregon. The report includes tabulated information and a location map for 1,234 field-located water wells and 6 springs, hydrographs showing water-level fluctuations during various time periods for 265 of the wells, borehole geophysical data for 16 wells, and water-chemistry analyses from 125 wells and 6 springs. These data, as well as data for 4,752 additional fieldlocated wells and 1 spring, are included on a CD-ROM. In addition, the locations of the field-located wells and springs are provided in geographic information system formats on the CD-ROM.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri994036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Orzol, L.L., Wozniak, K.C., Meissner, T.R., and Lee, D.B., 2000, Ground-water and water-chemistry data for the Willamette basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4036, v, 141 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994036.","productDescription":"v, 141 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri994036.PNG"},{"id":311174,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4036/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.914794921875,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -123.914794921875,\n 45.62172169252446\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 45.62172169252446\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -123.914794921875,\n 42.85985981506279\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d3fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orzol, Leonard L. 0000-0001-7585-4295 llorzol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-4295","contributorId":4561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orzol","given":"Leonard","email":"llorzol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wozniak, Karl C.","contributorId":69606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wozniak","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meissner, Tiffany R.","contributorId":51790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meissner","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Douglas B.","contributorId":70748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":24499,"text":"ofr00435 - 2000 - Determination of the effects of fine-grained sediment and other limiting variables on trout habitat for selected streams in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-14T15:11:41","indexId":"ofr00435","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-435","title":"Determination of the effects of fine-grained sediment and other limiting variables on trout habitat for selected streams in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Two Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models, developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, were used to evaluate the effects of fine-grained (less than 2 millimeters) sediment on brook trout (Salvelinusfontinalis, Mitchill) and brown trout (Salmo trutta, Linnaeus) in 11 streams in west-central and southwestern Wisconsin. Our results indicated that fine-grained sediment limited brook trout habitat in 8 of 11 streams and brown trout habitat in only one stream. Lack of winter and escape cover for fry was the primary limiting variable for brown trout at 61 percent of the sites, and this factor also limited brook trout at several stations. Pool area or quality, in stream cover, streambank vegetation for erosion control, minimum flow, thalweg depth maximum, water temperature, spawning substrate, riffle dominant substrate, and dissolved oxygen also were limiting to trout in the study streams. Brook trout appeared to be more sensitive to the effects of fine-grained sediment than brown trout. The models for brook trout and brown trout appeared to be useful and objective screening tools for identifying variables limiting trout habitat in these streams. The models predicted that reduction in the amount of fine-grained sediment would improve brook trout habitat. These models may be valuable for establishing instream sediment-reduction goals; however, the decrease in sediment delivery needed to meet these goals cannot be estimated without quantitative data on land use practices and their effects on sediment delivery and retention by streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00435","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Scudder, B.C., Selbig, J., and Waschbusch, R., 2000, Determination of the effects of fine-grained sediment and other limiting variables on trout habitat for selected streams in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-435, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00435.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0435/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0435/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa River, Kickapoo River, Trempealeau River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.867431640625,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -92.1588134765625,\n 44.30419567985762\n ],\n [\n -91.505126953125,\n 43.88601647043423\n ],\n [\n -91.4117431640625,\n 43.64005063334694\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 43.54058479482877\n ],\n [\n -91.109619140625,\n 43.504736854976954\n ],\n [\n -90.4779052734375,\n 43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n -89.5770263671875,\n 43.4249985081581\n ],\n [\n -90.054931640625,\n 44.27273816279087\n ],\n [\n -91.1920166015625,\n 44.968684437948376\n ],\n [\n -91.4666748046875,\n 45.178164812206376\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 45.34056313889858\n ],\n [\n -92.9937744140625,\n 45.24008561090264\n ],\n [\n -93.2464599609375,\n 45.03859654645257\n ],\n [\n -92.867431640625,\n 44.66865287227321\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scudder, Barbara C.","contributorId":100319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selbig, J.W.","contributorId":18024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waschbusch, R.J.","contributorId":107307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22521,"text":"ofr00495 - 2000 - Geologic datasets for weights of evidence analysis in northeast Washington: 1. Geologic raster data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:28:41.577101","indexId":"ofr00495","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-495","title":"Geologic datasets for weights of evidence analysis in northeast Washington: 1. Geologic raster data","docAbstract":"This dataset contains the combination of geology data (geologic units, faults, folds, and dikes) from 6 1:100,000 scale digital coverages in eastern Washington (Chewelah, Colville, Omak, Oroville, Nespelem, Republic). The data was converted to an Arc grid in ArcView using the Spatial Analyst extension.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00495","usgsCitation":"Boleneus, D.E., and Causey, J.D., 2000, Geologic datasets for weights of evidence analysis in northeast Washington: 1. Geologic raster data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-495, Report: 35 p., Readme, Metadata, Digital Database, Complete Digital Package, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00495.","productDescription":"Report: 35 p., Readme, Metadata, Digital Database, Complete Digital Package","numberOfPages":"35","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281976,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00495.jpg"},{"id":281973,"rank":2,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/of00-495.met"},{"id":281975,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/newafull.tar.gz"},{"id":281974,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/newa.tar.gz"},{"id":281972,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/00readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":1300,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410875,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34735.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52027,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0495/pdf/of00-495.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e92f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boleneus, David E.","contributorId":87167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boleneus","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Causey, J. 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Like the algorithm in the original version of the U.S. Geological Survey MOC3D transport model, ELLAM uses a method of characteristics approach to solve the transport equation on the basis of the velocity field. The ELLAM algorithm, however, is based on an integral formulation of conservation of mass and uses appropriate numerical techniques to obtain global conservation of mass. The implicit procedure eliminates several stability criteria required for an explicit formulation. Consequently, ELLAM allows large transport time increments to be used. ELLAM can produce qualitatively good results using a small number of transport time steps. A description of the ELLAM numerical method, the data-input requirements and output options, and the results of simulator testing and evaluation are presented. The ELLAM algorithm was evaluated for the same set of problems used to test and evaluate Version 1 and Version 2 of MOC3D. These test results indicate that ELLAM offers a viable alternative to the explicit and implicit solvers in MOC3D. Its use is desirable when mass balance is imperative or a fast, qualitative model result is needed. Although accurate solutions can be generated using ELLAM, its efficiency relative to the two previously documented solution algorithms is problem dependent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004087","usgsCitation":"Heberton, C., Russell, T., Konikow, L.F., and Hornberger, G., 2000, A three-dimensional finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method (ELLAM) for solute-transport modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4087, viii, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004087.","productDescription":"viii, 63 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157885,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heberton, C.I.","contributorId":77966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heberton","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, T.F.","contributorId":86811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25756,"text":"wri994279 - 2000 - A Retrospective Analysis on the Occurrence of Arsenic in Ground-Water Resources of the United States and Limitations in Drinking-Water-Supply Characterizations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:21:46.200657","indexId":"wri994279","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4279","title":"A Retrospective Analysis on the Occurrence of Arsenic in Ground-Water Resources of the United States and Limitations in Drinking-Water-Supply Characterizations","docAbstract":"The Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended in 1996, requires the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to review current drinking-water standards for arsenic, propose a maximum contaminant level for arsenic by January 1, 2000, and issue a final regulation by January, 2001. Quantification of the national occurrence of targeted ranges in arsenic concentration in ground water used for public drinking-water supplies is an important component of USEPA's regulatory process. Data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS) were used in a retrospective analysis of arsenic in the ground-water resources of the United States. The analysis augments other existing sources of data on the occurrence of arsenic collected in ground water at public water-supply systems.The USGS, through its District offices and national programs, has been compiling data for many years on arsenic concentrations collected from wells used for public water supply, research, agriculture, industry, and domestic water supply throughout the United States. These data have been collected for a variety of purposes ranging from simple descriptions of the occurrence of arsenic in local or regional ground-water resources to detailed studies on arsenic geochemistry associated with contamination sites. A total of 18,864 sample locations were selected from the USGS NWIS data base regardless of well type, of which 2,262 were taken from public water-supply sources. Samples with non-potable water (dissolved-solids concentration greater than 2,000 milligrams per liter and water temperature greater than 50o Celsius) were not selected for the retrospective analysis and other criteria for selection included the amount and type of ancillary data available for each sample. The 1,528 counties with sufficient data included 76 percent of all large public water-supply systems (serving more than 10,000 people) and 61 percent of all small public water-supply systems (serving more than 1,000 and less than 10,000 people) in the United States. The arsenic data were summarized for the selected counties by associating the arsenic concentrations measured in the ground-water resource with the numbers and sizes of public water-supply systems using ground water in those counties. Targeted arsenic concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 ug/L were exceeded in the ground-water resource associated with 36, 25, 14, 8, 3, and 1 percent respectively of all public water-supply systems accounted for in the analysis.Contributions to uncertainty such as changes in sampling methods and changes in laboratory reporting appear to be less important to the national occurrence estimates than other factors such as temporal variability in arsenic concentrations at a given well, the types of wells sampled, and density and types of sampling locations. In addition, no attempt was made to quantify arsenic concentrations in relation to depth within aquifers. With these qualifications, the USGS data represent the ground-water resource in general and are not restricted to wells currently used for public drinking-water sources. In this way, the broad spatial extent, large number of water samples, and low detection limits used for the USGS data provide a unique source of information to determine where targeted concentrations of arsenic are likely to occur in the ground-water resources within much of the United States.These results indicate USGS data can be effectively used to augment national estimates of arsenic occurrence in the nation's ground-water resources if limitations are recognized. Existing estimates of the occurrence of arsenic in ground water that are used as a source of drinking water can be supplemented with the USGS arsenic concentration data when associated with the public water-supply data base. One such supplementary application is the additional insight gained by establishing relations between arsenic concentration data in the ground-water resource and small public wat","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri994279","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M.J., Welch, A., Watkins, S.A., Helsel, D., and Horn, M.A., 2000, A Retrospective Analysis on the Occurrence of Arsenic in Ground-Water Resources of the United States and Limitations in Drinking-Water-Supply Characterizations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4279, Report: vi, 21 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994279.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 21 p.; Data Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11657,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994279/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4966e4b0b290850ef217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watkins, Sharon A.","contributorId":93880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horn, Marilee A. mhorn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"Marilee","email":"mhorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":24020,"text":"ofr00433 - 2000 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 99; part I, seismic data, January to December 1999: Chronological summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T16:55:02.819415","indexId":"ofr00433","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-433","title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 99; part I, seismic data, January to December 1999: Chronological summary","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00433","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Nakata, J.S., Heliker, C., and Sherrod, D.R., 2000, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 99; part I, seismic data, January to December 1999: Chronological summary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-433, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00433.","productDescription":"61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":53196,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0433/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":388428,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34268.htm"},{"id":156743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0433/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.3739013671875,\n 18.7971180132841\n ],\n [\n -154.698486328125,\n 18.7971180132841\n ],\n [\n -154.698486328125,\n 20.33947636615292\n ],\n [\n -156.3739013671875,\n 20.33947636615292\n ],\n [\n -156.3739013671875,\n 18.7971180132841\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakata, Jennifer S.","contributorId":18364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C. C.","contributorId":70753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25664,"text":"wri994286 - 2000 - Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; volume 1: Methods and data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T21:15:14.73019","indexId":"wri994286","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4286","title":"Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; volume 1: Methods and data","docAbstract":"Metals transport in the Sacramento River, northern California, was evaluated on the basis of samples of water, suspended colloids, streambed sediment, and caddisfly larvae that were collected on one to six occasions at 19 sites in the Sacramento River Basin from July 1996 to June 1997. Four of the sampling periods (July, September, and November 1996; and May-June 1997) took place during relatively low-flow conditions and two sampling periods (December 1996 and January 1997) took place during high-flow and flooding conditions; respectively. Tangential-flow ultrafiltration with 10,000 nominal molecular weight limit, or daltons (0.005 micrometer equivalent), pore-size membranes was used to separate metals in streamwater into ultrafiltrate (operationally defined dissolved fraction) and retentate (colloidal fraction) components, respectively. Conventional filtration with capsule filters (0.45 micrometer pore-size) and membrane filters (0.40 micrometer pore-size) and total-recoverable analysis of unfiltered (whole-body) samples were done for comparison at all sites. Because the total-recoverable analysis involves an incomplete digestion of particulate matter, a more reliable measurement of whole-water concentrations is derived from the sum of the dissolved component that is based on the ultrafiltrate plus the suspended component that is based on a total digestion of colloid concentrates from the ultra-filtration retentate. Metals in caddisfly larvae were determined for whole-body samples and cytosol extracts, which are intercellular solutions that provide a more sensitive indication of the metals that have been bioaccumulated.
Trace metals in acidic, metal-rich drainage from abandoned and inactive sulfide mines were observed to enter the Sacramento River system (specifically, into both Shasta Lake and Keswick Reservoir) in predominantly dissolved form, as operationally defined using ultrafiltrates. The predominant source of acid mine drainage to Keswick Reservoir is Spring Creek, which drains the Iron Mountain mine area. Copper concentrations in filtered samples from Spring Creek taken during December 1996, January 1997, and May 1997 ranged from 420 to 560 micrograms per liter. Below Keswick Dam, copper concentrations in conventionally filtered samples ranged from 0.5 micrograms per liter during September 1996 to 9.4 micrograms per liter during January 1997; the latter concentration exceeded the applicable water-quality standard. The proportion of trace metals that was dissolved (versus colloidal) in samples collected at Shasta and Keswick dams decreased in the order cadmium zinc > copper > aluminum iron lead mercury. At four sampling sites on the Sacramento River at various distances downstream of Keswick Dam (Bend Bridge, 71 kilometers; Colusa, 256 kilometers; Verona, 360 kilometers; and Freeport, 412 kilometers) concentrations of these seven metals were predominantly colloidal during both high- and low-flow conditions.
Because copper compounds are used extensively as algaecides in rice farming, agricultural drainage at the Colusa Basin Drain was sampled in June 1997 during a period shortly after copper applications to newly planted rice fields. Copper concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 micrograms per liter in filtered samples and from 12 to 13 micrograms per liter in whole-water samples (total recoverable analysis). These results are consistent with earlier work by the U.S. Geological Survey indicating that copper in rice-field drainage likely represents a detectable, but relatively minor source of copper to the Sacramento River.
Lead isotope data from suspended colloids and streambed sediments collected during October and November 1996 indicate that lead from acid mine drainage sources became a relatively minor component of the total lead at the site located 71 kilometers downstream of Keswick Dam and beyond. Cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations in caddisfly larvae were elevated at several sites downstream of Keswick Dam, but concentrations of aluminum, iron, lead, and mercury were relatively low, especially in the cytosol extracts. Cadmium showed the highest degree of bioaccumulation in whole-body and cytosol analyses, relative to an unmineralized control site (Cottonwood Creek). Cadmium bioaccumulation persisted in samples collected as far as 118 kilometers downstream of Keswick Dam, consistent with transport in a form more bioavailable than lead.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994286","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Taylor, H.E., and Domagalski, J.L., 2000, Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; volume 1: Methods and data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4286, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994286.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4286.jpg"},{"id":395494,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26610.htm"},{"id":1955,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994286","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 37.448696585910376\n ],\n [\n -120.89355468749999,\n 37.448696585910376\n ],\n [\n -120.89355468749999,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 37.448696585910376\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22084,"text":"ofr00426 - 2000 - Quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities in the North Florida Program Office, Florida District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr00426","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-426","title":"Quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities in the North Florida Program Office, Florida District","docAbstract":"In accordance with guidelines set forth by the Office of Water Quality in the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, a quality-assurance plan was created for use by the Florida District's North Florida Program Office in conducting water-quality activities. This plan documents the standards, policies, and procedures used by the North Florida Program Office for activities related to the collection, processing, storage, analysis, and publication of water-quality data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00426","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Berndt, M.P., and Katz, B.G., 2000, Quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities in the North Florida Program Office, Florida District: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-426, v, 54 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00426.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1200,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr95-770/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0426/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51526,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0426/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64ecf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berndt, Marian P. (compiler)","contributorId":66289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"Marian","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23430,"text":"ofr00394 - 2000 - Snowpack chemistry at selected sites in Colorado and New Mexico during winter 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr00394","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-394","title":"Snowpack chemistry at selected sites in Colorado and New Mexico during winter 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Snowpacks at two high-elevation (> 3,000 m) sampling sites near McPhee and Sanchez Reservoirs in southern Colorado were selected to collect representative samples of atmospheric deposition to the surrounding watersheds during winter 1999-2000. In February 2000, annual snowpacks at two sites were sampled to determine concentrations of nitrate and sulfate; concentrations of the trace elements arsenic, mercury, and selenium; and the sulfur isotope ratios that result from atmospheric deposition to the area. Snowpack chemistry data at the two sites sampled in 1999-2000 are compared to 1993-99 averages at 10 other snow-sampling sites in Colorado and New Mexico that generally are downwind of the Four Corners area of the southwestern United States. Although concentrations of ammonium and nitrate in the 1999-2000 snowpacks were fairly typical compared to averages established at nearby sites in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, chloride and sulfate concentrations were below the 1993-99 average, while arsenic, mercury, and selenium in snow were much below the 1993-99 average. However, very similar sulfur-isotope ratios (that are not a function of precipitation amounts) deposited in snowpacks at the nearby sites indicate the snowpack chemistries at the new sampling locations near McPhee and Sanchez reservoirs were affected by similar sources of sulfate.\rRepresentative samples of coal burned during the 1999-2000 snowfall season at three power plants near Four Corners also were analyzed for sulfur content and trace elements. Results from separate, independent laboratories show similar concentrations and provide an initial baseline that will be used for general comparisons of coal chemistry to snowpack chemistry. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey : Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00394","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, G.P., 2000, Snowpack chemistry at selected sites in Colorado and New Mexico during winter 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-394, iii, 9 p. :col. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00394.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :col. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1763,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00-394","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc49b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25844,"text":"wri004086 - 2000 - Water-quality conditions and relation to drainage-basin characteristics in the Scituate Reservoir Basin, Rhode Island, 1982-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri004086","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4086","title":"Water-quality conditions and relation to drainage-basin characteristics in the Scituate Reservoir Basin, Rhode Island, 1982-95","docAbstract":"The Scituate Reservoir Basin covers about 94 square miles in north central Rhode Island and supplies more than 60 percent of the State of Rhode Island's drinking water. The basin includes the Scituate Reservoir Basin and six smaller tributary reservoirs with a combined capacity of about 40 billion gallons. Most of the basin is forested and undeveloped. However, because of its proximity to the Providence, Rhode Island, metropolitan area, the basin is subject to increasing development pressure and there is concern that this may lead to the degradation of the water supply.\r\n\r\n\r\nSelected water-quality constituent concentrations, loads, and trends in the Scituate Reservoir Basin, Rhode Island, were investigated locate parts of the basin likely responsible for exporting disproportionately large amounts of water-quality constituents to streams, rivers, and tributary reservoirs, and to determine whether water quality in the basin has been changing with time. Water-quality data collected between 1982 and 1995 by the Providence Water Supply Board PWSB) in 34 subbasins of the Scituate Reservoir Basin were analyzed. Subbasin loads and yields of total coliform bacteria, chloride, nitrate, iron, and manganese, estimated from constituent concentrations and estimated mean daily discharge records for the 1995 water year, were used to determine which subbasins contributed disproportionately large amounts of these constituents. Measurements of pH, color, turbidity, and concentrations of total coliform bacteria, sodium, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, orthophosphate, iron, and manganese made between 1982 and 1995 by the PWSB were evaluated for trends. To determine the potential effects of human-induced changes in drainage- basin characteristics on water quality in the basin, relations between drainage-basin characteristics and concentrations of selected water-quality constituents also were investigated. \r\n\r\nMedian values for pH, turbidity, total coliform bacteria, sodium, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, and iron were largest in subbasins with predominately residential land use. Median instantaneous loads reflected drainage-basin size. However, loads normalized by drainage area (median instantaneous yields) also were largest in residential areas where point and non-point sources are likely, and in areas of poorly drained soils.\r\n\r\n\r\nSignificant trends in water-quality constituents from 1982 to 1995 in the Scituate Reservoir Basin indicate that the quality of the water resources in the basin may be slowly changing. Scituate Reservoir subbasins with large amounts of residential land use showed increasing trends in alkalinity and chloride. In contrast, subbasins distributed throughout the drainage basin showed increasing trends in pH, color, nitrate, and iron concentrations, indicating that these characteristics and constituents may be affected more by atmospheric deposition. \r\n\r\nAlthough changing, water-quality constituent concentrations in the Scituate Reservoir Basin only occasionally exceeded Rhode Island and USEPA water-quality guidelines and standards. Result of correlation analysis between pH, color, turbidity, and concentrations total coliform bacteria, sodium, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, orthophosphate, iron, and manganese and land use, geology, wetlands, slope, soil drainability, and roads indicated that the percentage of wetlands, roads, and slope appear have the greatest effect on water-quality in the Scituate Reservoir Basin. The percentage of urban, residential, and commercial land use also are important, but to a lesser degree than wetlands, roads, and slope. Finally, geology appears to have the least effect on water quality compared to other drainage-basin characteristics investigated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004086","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., Waldron, M.C., Barlow, L.K., and Dickerman, D.C., 2000, Water-quality conditions and relation to drainage-basin characteristics in the Scituate Reservoir Basin, Rhode Island, 1982-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4086, v, 46 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004086.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4086.jpg"},{"id":2065,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e488be4b07f02db51c9c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, Lora K.","contributorId":90279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Lora","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickerman, David C.","contributorId":41047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21808,"text":"ofr017 - 2000 - Geochemistry of sulfur in the Florida Everglades: 1994 through 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-17T20:41:07.707071","indexId":"ofr017","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-7","title":"Geochemistry of sulfur in the Florida Everglades: 1994 through 1999","docAbstract":"In this report, we present data on the geochemistry of sulfur in sediments and in surface water, groundwater, and rainwater in the Everglades region in south Florida. The results presented here are part of a larger study intended to determine the roles played by the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in the ecology of the south Florida wetlands. The geochemistry of sulfur in the region is particularly important because of its link to the production of toxic methylmercury through processes mediated by sulfate reducing bacteria.\r\n\r\nSediment cores were collected from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA), Water Conservation Areas (WCAs) 1A and 2A, from Lake Okeechobee, and from Taylor Slough in the southern Everglades. Water collection was more widespread and includes surface water from WCAs 1A, 2A, 3A, 2B, the EAA, Taylor Slough, Lake Okeechobee, and the Kissimmee River. Groundwater was collected from The Everglades Nutrient Removal Area (ENR) and from WCA 2A. Rainwater was collected at two month intervals over a period of one year from the ENR and from WCA 2A. Water was analyzed for sulfate concentration and sulfate sulfur stable isotopic ratio (34S/32S). Sediment cores were analyzed for total sulfur concentration and/or for concentrations of sulfur species (sulfate, organic sulfur, disulfides, and acid volatile sulfides (AVS)) and for their stable sulfur isotopic ratio.\r\n\r\nResults show a decrease in total sulfur content (1.57 to 0.61 percent dry weight) with depth in two sediment cores collected in WCA 2A, indicating that there has been an increase in total sulfur content in recent times. A sediment core from the center of Lake Okeechobee shows a decrease in total sulfur content with depth (0.28 to 0.08 percent dry weight). A core from the periphery of the lake (South Bay) likewise shows a decrease in total sulfur content with depth (1.00 to 0.69 percent dry weight), however, the overall sulfur content is greater than that near the center at all depths. This suggests input of sulfur in recent times, especially near the lake margins. Sediments show a general decrease in sulfur concentration with depth, probably because of increases in sulfur input to the marshes in recent times. Regional differences in the concentrations and stable isotopic ratios of sulfate sulfur in surface water show that sulfur contamination to the northern Everglades likely originates from canals draining the EAA.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr017","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Bates, A.L., Orem, W., Harvey, J., and Spiker, E., 2000, Geochemistry of sulfur in the Florida Everglades: 1994 through 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-7, v, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr017.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393056,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34815.htm"},{"id":153976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51300,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0007/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2001-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.97448730468749,\n 24.943728712051445\n ],\n [\n -79.99969482421875,\n 24.943728712051445\n ],\n [\n -79.99969482421875,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -81.97448730468749,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -81.97448730468749,\n 24.943728712051445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314