Knowledge about hydrologic exchange between surface water and ground water is critical to understanding the movement of water and dissolved chemical constituents (solutes) in the Florida Everglades. This fact sheet describes a study that will quantify vertical exchange of water and solutes in the Everglades as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) South Florida Ecosystem Program. The two sites selected for the initial investigation are shown in the report. Those sites are the location of ongoing research projects concerned with movement and transformation of nutrients and mercury. Research results are being used by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) to guide in the planning of Stormwater Treatment Areas, which will be large constructed wetlands designed to remove excess nutrients from agricultural drainage.
The objectives of the project described here are to (1) quantify vertical exchange of water (also referred to as seepage) between ground water and surface water, (2) use seepage estimates to assist in the development of chemical mass balances for mercury and nutrients, and (3) relate seepage fluxes to subsurface hydrogeologic properties, management of surface-water levels in canals and water conservation areas, and the regional water balance in the northern Everglades.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs16996","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Vertical exchange of ground water and surface water in the Florida Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 169-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16996.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0169/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32061,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0169/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"119 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-169"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 26.504988828743404\n ],\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 26.504988828743404\n ],\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Restoration and management of the south Florida ecosystem will be guided by hydrologic models that simulate water flowing through the wetlands and shallow subsurface aquifers beneath them. The restoration of the ecosystem is, essentially, the restoration of the natural hydrologic system. As surface water is re-diverted from manmade canals to its more natural state as overland flow, several changes are predicted to occur. First, because water flowing over land moves more slowly than in canals, overland flow should remain in the wetland ecosystem for a longer period each year. Second, as the flowing water spreads out over the wetlands, recharge to the shallow aquifers should increase as more of that water infiltrates into the ground. The U.S. Corps of Engineers and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) will use hydrologic models to anticipate the consequences of these proposed restoration plans. This research program is designed to provide essential subsurface data to improve hydrologic models for land and water managers in southwest Florida where subsurface information is lacking. Obtaining hydrogeological data requires core drilling, corehole testing, and rock and sediment analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs15896","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system in Southwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1996–158, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15896.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0158/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":230,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program is an intergovernmental effort to reestablish and maintain the ecosystems of south Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for resource decision making. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is one of the agencies that provides scientific information as part of the South Florida Ecosystem Program (SFEP). The program, which was begun in fiscal year (FY) 1995, provides multidisciplinary hydrologic, cartographic, geologic, and biologic data that relate to the mainland of south Florida, the Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys and Reef ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs16396","usgsCitation":"Color infrared digital orthophoto quadrangles for the South Florida ecosystem area; 1999; FS; 163-96; Geological Survey (U.S.)","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":832,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0163/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 27.75\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 27.75\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 27.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Plant and animal communities of the historic Everglades have undergone striking changes over the last few decades, including declines in wading bird populations, invasion by exotic (non-native) plant and animal species, and areal expansion of cattails into sawgrass marshes. Many of these changes have been attributed to human activities in the region, and efforts are underway to restore the Everglades to a more pristine state.
Restoration plans include alteration of the present levee and canal system that controls water flow throughout southern Florida and changes in agricultural and land development activities. However, can we be sure that the observed changes are related to human practices rather than representing an extreme in the natural variability of the system? This question should be answered before changing current land-use practices to alleviate environmental concerns. To address this question, it is necessary to look at patterns of floral and faunal change over the last century as well as over the last few millennia.
This project aims to reconstruct floral and faunal composition at selected time intervals throughout southern Florida to determine: 1) detailed biotic changes over the last 150 years; 2) the natural range of biotic variability over the last few thousand years; and 3) determine whether any cause-and-effect relationships exist between biotic and environmental changes. Such questions are being addressed by scientists in the South Florida Initiative of the Ecosystem Program at the U.S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs14696","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Ecosystem history—terrestrial and fresh-water ecosystems of southern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1996–146, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14696.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0146/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":817,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The South Florida Ecosystem Program is a collaborative effort by Federal agencies, working with State and local agencies, to help resolve land-use demands and water-supply issues in south Florida. The role of the U.S. Geological Survey in the program is to provide scientific insight into south Florida's hydrology and geology, which are an integral part of the fragile ecosystems of the Everglades, Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys. Historical changes in water-management practices to accommodate a large and rapidly growing urban population along the Atlantic coast, as well as intensive agricultural activities, have resulted in a highly managed hydrologic system with canals, levees, and pumping stations. These structures have altered the hydrology of the Everglades ecosystem, including Florida Bay. Currently, there are plans to change the quantity of water delivered to Everglades National Park and Florida Bay to restore the natural flow of the system.
Florida Bay, home to several endangered species, is a valuable breeding ground for marine life and an important recreational and sport fishing area. Florida Bay encompasses about 850 square miles in total area with an average depth of less than 3.5 feet. It is bordered by the mainland portion of Everglades National Park to the north, the Florida Keys to the east and south, and is open to the Gulf of Mexico to the west. During the last decade, Florida Bay has experienced algal blooms and seagrass die-offs which are signals of ecological deterioration that has been attributed to an increase in salinity and nutrient content of bay waters. Salinity and nutrient content are directly related to the amount and quality of freshwater that enters the bay and to flow patterns within the bay. Restoration of the Florida Bay ecosystem requires a better understanding of the linkage between the amount of water and nutrients flowing into the bay and the salinity and quality of the bay environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13596","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Freshwater Discharge to Florida Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1996–135, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13596.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0135/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.26866109562512,\n 25.360434861416195\n ],\n [\n -81.82431518557821,\n 25.360434861416195\n ],\n [\n -81.82431518557821,\n 24.51407355119764\n ],\n [\n -80.26866109562512,\n 24.51407355119764\n ],\n [\n -80.26866109562512,\n 25.360434861416195\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revision - June 1996","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Recent algal blooms and seagrass mortality have raised concerns about the water quality of Florida Bay, particularly its nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus), hypersalinity, and turbidity. Water quality is closely tied to sediment transport processes because resuspension of sediments increases turbidity, releases stored nutrients, and facilitates sediment export to the reef tract. Over decades to centuries, bathymetric changes due to erosion or sediment deposition affect water circulation and hypersalinity. The effect on circulation depends on the interplay between sediment accumulation and sea-level rise. The goal of this U. S. Geological Survey project is to document and quantify short- and long- term processes associated with sediment transport so that the influence of sediments on water quality can be better defined and later integrated with numerical modeling efforts conducted by cooperating agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs15696","usgsCitation":"Sedimentation, sea-level rise and circulation in Florida Bay; 1999; FS; 156-96; Geological Survey (U.S.)","productDescription":"HTML Dcoument","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117033,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0156/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":260,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.2893735478387,\n 25.378087761326483\n ],\n [\n -81.60695738630159,\n 25.378087761326483\n ],\n [\n -81.60695738630159,\n 24.522191015352064\n ],\n [\n -80.2893735478387,\n 24.522191015352064\n ],\n [\n -80.2893735478387,\n 25.378087761326483\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Ecosystems are communities of organisms, often including humans, and the associated physical and chemical environments in which they live. Ecosystems are a complex natural resource that need to be understood, carefully managed, and prudently conserved. Human modification of the environment, such as changing water drainage patterns and introducing pollutants (such as mercury) and nutrients (such as nitrates and phosphates), has altered critical ecosystems around the globe, and the south Florida region is now considered to be one of the most threatened ecosystems in the Nation. The south Florida ecosystem has both a land component, the Everglades (including all fresh-water wetlands south of Lake Okeechobee), and an estuarine component, Florida Bay. The two components are closely linked by hydrologic cycles and the plants and animals that live within the ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs17195","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet, 1999, South Florida ecosystems—Changes through time: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1995–171, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs17195.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0171/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":282,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The U.S. Geological Survey is one of several agencies participating in the scientific effort to provide knowledge that can help protect and preserve the ecosystem of south Florida. One project of the intergovernmental South Florida Ecosystem Program (SFEP) is focused on developing a computer model to simulate the flow of water and analyze the transport of waterborne chemical constituents between canals and wetlands. Quantification of dynamic flows within the south Florida ecosystem is vital to understanding the implications of the residence time of water, potentially nutrient-enriched (with nitrates or phosphates) or contaminant-laden (with metals or pesticides), that can alter plant life and affect biological communities. Nutrients carried in the water conveyed by canals draining agricultural areas and dispersed into wetlands by canal discharges, by levee overflows, or by seepage are considered to be a major contributor to changes in the types of vegetation found in the Everglades. Freshwater inflows, typically of varying magnitudes and durations, not only influence the salinity of Florida Bay but also potentially carry toxic substances that can affect and alter the Bay's aquatic biota. The simulation capability being developed within the SFEP can be useful for identifying approaches to alleviate adverse impacts of excessive or deficient flows and transported constituents. Through strategic use of a simulation model, cause-and-effect relations between discharge sources, flow magnitudes, transport processes, and changes in vegetation and biota can be investigated. The effects of driving forces on nutrient cycling and contaminant transport can then be quantified, evaluated, and considered in the development of remedial management plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13996","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., 1999, Canal and wetland flow transport interaction; coupling models for canal and wetland interactions in the South Florida ecosystem: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 139-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13996.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34160,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0139/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.85 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-139"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6561279296875,\n 25.199970890386023\n ],\n [\n -80.18096923828124,\n 25.199970890386023\n ],\n [\n -80.18096923828124,\n 25.70588750345636\n ],\n [\n -80.6561279296875,\n 25.70588750345636\n ],\n [\n -80.6561279296875,\n 25.199970890386023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Rapid development and population growth are occurring in Webb County in south Texas (fig. 1). Water managers need information on the ground-water resources of the area to address the increased demand for water caused by the development. To help meet this need, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Laredo, began a study in 1997 to assess the ground-water resources of the county. This report describes the quality of ground water determined from water samples collected during 1997-98.
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a long heritage of leadership and innovation in land use and land cover (LULC) mapping that has been the model both nationally and internationally for over 20 years. At present, the USGS is producing high-resolution LULC data for several watershed and urban areas within the United States. This high-resolution LULC mapping is part of an ongoing USGS Land Cover Characterization Program (LCCP). The four components of the LCCP are global (1:2,000,000-scale), national (1:100,000-scale), urban (1:24,000-scale), and special projects (various scales and time periods). Within the urban and special project components, the USGS Rocky Mountain Mapping Center (RMMC) is collecting historical as well as contemporary high-resolution LULC data. 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;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_004_99.bmp"},{"id":689,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-004-99","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672f5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5404,"text":"fs04499 - 1999 - Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:51","indexId":"fs04499","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered 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Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs15099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64a9b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Scott swphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":3515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Scott","email":"swphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":153285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology 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Joseph","contributorId":33304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5033,"text":"fs16799 - 1999 - Herbicides in the Pecatonica, Trempealeau, and Yahara Rivers in Wisconsin, May 1997-July 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-28T14:09:09","indexId":"fs16799","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"167-99","title":"Herbicides in the Pecatonica, Trempealeau, and Yahara Rivers in Wisconsin, May 1997-July 1998","docAbstract":"Historical use of pesticides and rapid urbanization have left their mark on the chemistry of bottom sediments in Lorence Creek Lake (fig. 1) in the northern part of San Antonio, Tex. Several metals, organochlorine compounds (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) detected in bottom sediments of the lake have temporal trends indicating anthropogenic (human) sources. Lorence Creek Lake is not unique; the same metals and organic compounds are routinely found in lake sediments in urbanizing watersheds (Van Metre and Callender, in press).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs14999","usgsCitation":"Ging, P.B., Van Metre, P., and Callender, E., 1999, Bottom sediments of Lorence Creek Lake, San Antonio, Texas, reflect contaminant trends in an urbanizing watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 149-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14999.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_149_99.bmp"},{"id":264,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/Fs14999","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327094,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/Fs14999/14999.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ging, Patricia B. 0000-0001-5491-8448 pbging@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-8448","contributorId":1788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"Patricia","email":"pbging@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callender, Edward","contributorId":69535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5116,"text":"fs17399 - 1999 - The Virginia Beach shallow ground-water study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T15:39:16","indexId":"fs17399","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"173-99","title":"The Virginia Beach shallow ground-water study","docAbstract":"Virginia Beach is a rapidly growing city of more than 425,000 people. Sources of fresh water within the city, however, are limited. Prior to 1998, the Virginia Beach Public Utilities Department met the city's water needs by purchasing treated drinking water from the City of Norfolk. Because Norfolk had to meet its own requirements, the amount of water available to Virginia Beach was limited to about 30 million gallons per day (mgd) and even less during droughts. This water supply was supplemented with ground water from city-owned, community, and private wells. In many parts of the city, however, ground water cannot be used because of high concentrations of chloride, iron, and (or) sulfur, which give the water an unpleasant taste.
In early 1998, a pipeline came on-line that can carry up to 45 mgd of water from Lake Gaston to Virginia Beach. The Gaston pipeline has alleviated concerns about water supply and quality for most residents living north of the \"Green Line.\" These residents primarily use ground water only for small-scale domestic activities such as watering lawns, filling ponds and pools, and washing cars. City water and sewer services have been extended beyond the Green Line into the \"Transition Area.\" Residents and businesses south of the Transition Area, however, continue to rely on ground water to meet most of their needs for potable and non-potable water. To help assure a continued, reliable supply of ground water, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Virginia Beach Public Utilities Department, has begun an assessment of the shallow ground-water resources underlying the City of Virginia Beach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs17399","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H.M., 1999, The Virginia Beach shallow ground-water study: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 173-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs17399.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31902,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0173/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":508,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0173","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 1999-0173"},{"id":117075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0173/report-thumb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228