{"pageNumber":"1150","pageRowStart":"28725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40883,"records":[{"id":70024777,"text":"70024777 - 2002 - Status and trends in atmospheric deposition and emissions near Atlanta, Georgia, 1986-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:34:33","indexId":"70024777","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and trends in atmospheric deposition and emissions near Atlanta, Georgia, 1986-99","docAbstract":"<p>Wet and dry atmospheric deposition were investigated from weekly data, 1986-99 (1986-97 for dry deposition) at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), a forested research site 25 km, southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. Furthermore, the wet deposition was compared to that at three adjacent National Atmospheric Deposition Program's National Trends Network (NTN) sites (GA41, 50 km south of PMRW; AL99, 175 km northwest; NC25, 175 km north-northeast) and dry deposition was compared to that at adjacent Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites, co-located at the NTN sites. The pH of precipitation is acidic and the dominant acid anion is SO<sub>4</sub>; the pH (derived from the volume-weighted mean H concentration) averages 4.44 for 1986-99, and varies seasonally with average lowest values in summer (4.19) and highest in winter (4.63). From 1986-99, the annual wet deposition of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) averaged 400 and 300 eq ha<sup>-1</sup> (6.4 and 4.2 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), respectively. Inferential model estimates of annual dry S and N deposition from 1986-97 averaged 130 and 150 eq ha<sup>-1</sup> (2.1 and 2.1 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), respectively. From 1993-99, net S deposition (dry deposition plus canopy interactions) for coniferous and deciduous throughfall (throughfall minus wet-only deposition) averaged 400 and 150 eq ha-1 (6.4 and 2.1 kg ha-1), respectively. The annual wet deposition of S and N species at PMRW was comparable to that at NTN sites, with the exception of higher N species deposition at AL99 and relatively lower H, SO<sub>4</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub> deposition at GA41. Dry S deposition at PMRW differed markedly from the CASTNET sites despite similarity in S concentrations for all but NC25; the differences are attributed to differences in model parameters associated with the landscape and vegetation characteristics at the sites. At PMRW, atmospheric deposition trends were not detected for the entire sampling period, but were detected for shorter periods (4-5yr). Annual S and N deposition increased from 1986 to 1991, decreased to 1995 and then increased to 1999. SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from seven major point sources within 120 km of PMRW decreased markedly from the late 1980s to 1995 and have remained relatively constant or increased slightly from 1995 to 1998 Annual wet and dry S deposition at PMRW significantly correlates (p &lt; 0.01) with SO2 emissions, and the correlation is dominated by the large SO<sub>2</sub> emissions decreases in the early 1990s, consistent with the implementation of Phase I of Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00080-8","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., Meyers, T., and Aulenbach, B., 2002, Status and trends in atmospheric deposition and emissions near Atlanta, Georgia, 1986-99: Atmospheric Environment, v. 36, no. 10, p. 1577-1588, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00080-8.","startPage":"1577","endPage":"1588","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00080-8"}],"volume":"36","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9793e4b08c986b31bb41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, T.P.","contributorId":14592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013155,"text":"1013155 - 2002 - Seasonal comparisons of sea ice concentration estimates derived from SSM/I, OKEAN, and RADARSAT data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T12:39:18","indexId":"1013155","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal comparisons of sea ice concentration estimates derived from SSM/I, OKEAN, and RADARSAT data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) microwave satellite radiometer and its predecessor SMMR are primary sources of information for global sea ice and climate studies. However, comparisons of SSM/I, Landsat, AVHRR, and ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have shown substantial seasonal and regional differences in their estimates of sea ice concentration. To evaluate these differences, we compared SSM/I estimates of sea ice coverage derived with the NASA Team and Bootstrap algorithms to estimates made using RADARSAT, and OKEAN-01 satellite sensor data. The study area included the Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean, during October 1995 through October 1999. Ice concentration estimates from spatially and temporally near-coincident imagery were calculated using independent algorithms for each sensor type. The OKEAN algorithm implemented the satellite's two-channel active (radar) and passive microwave data in a linear mixture model based on the measured values of brightness temperature and radar backscatter. The RADARSAT algorithm utilized a segmentation approach of the measured radar backscatter, and the SSM/I ice concentrations were derived at National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) using the NASA Team and Bootstrap algorithms. Seasonal and monthly differences between SSM/I, OKEAN, and RADARSAT ice concentrations were calculated and compared. Overall, total sea ice concentration estimates derived independently from near-coincident RADARSAT, OKEAN-01, and SSM/I satellite imagery demonstrated mean differences of less than 5.5% (S.D.&lt;9.5%) during the winter period. Differences between the SSM/I NASA Team and the SSM/I Bootstrap concentrations were no more than 3.1% (S.D.&lt;5.4%) during this period. RADARSAT and OKEAN-01 data both yielded higher total ice concentrations than the NASA Team and the Bootstrap algorithms. The Bootstrap algorithm yielded higher total ice concentrations than the NASA Team algorithm. Total ice concentrations derived from OKEAN-01 and SSM/I satellite imagery were highly correlated during winter, spring, and fall, with mean differences of less than 8.1% (S.D.&lt;15%) for the NASA Team algorithm, and less than 2.8% (S.D.&lt;13.8%) for the Bootstrap algorithm. Respective differences between SSM/I NASA Team and SSM/I Bootstrap total concentrations were less than 5.3% (S.D.&lt;6.9%). Monthly mean differences between SSM/I and OKEAN differed annually by less than 6%, with smaller differences primarily in winter. The NASA Team and Bootstrap algorithms underestimated the total sea ice concentrations relative to the RADARSAT ScanSAR no more than 3.0% (S.D.&lt;9%) and 1.2% (S.D.&lt;7.5%) during cold months, and no more than 12% and 7% during summer, respectively. ScanSAR tended to estimate higher ice concentrations for ice concentrations greater than 50%, when compared to SSM/I during all months. ScanSAR underestimated total sea ice concentration by 2% compared to the OKEAN-01 algorithm during cold months, and gave an overestimation by 2% during spring and summer months. Total NASA Team and Bootstrap sea ice concentration estimates derived from coincident SSM/I and OKEAN-01 data demonstrated mean differences of no more than 5.3% (S.D.&lt;7%), 3.1% (S.D.&lt;5.5%), 2.0% (S.D.&lt;5.5%), and 7.3% (S.D.&lt;10%) for fall, winter, spring, and summer periods, respectively. Large disagreements were observed between the OKEAN and NASA Team results in spring and summer for estimates of the first-year (FY) and multiyear (MY) age classes. The OKEAN-01 algorithm and data tended to estimate, on average, lower concentrations of young or FY ice and higher concentrations of total and MY ice for all months and seasons. Our results contribute to the growing body of documentation about the levels of disparity obtained when seasonal sea ice concentrations are estimated using various types of satellite data and algorithms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00333-9","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G.I., and Douglas, D.C., 2002, Seasonal comparisons of sea ice concentration estimates derived from SSM/I, OKEAN, and RADARSAT data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 81, no. 1, p. 67-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00333-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"81","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, Gennady I.","contributorId":71471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belchansky","given":"Gennady","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024521,"text":"70024521 - 2002 - Partial entrainment of gravel bars during floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:36:09","indexId":"70024521","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partial entrainment of gravel bars during floods","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial patterns of bed material entrainment by floods were documented at seven gravel bars using arrays of metal washers (bed tags) placed in the streambed. The observed patterns were used to test a general stochastic model that bed material entrainment is a spatially independent, random process where the probability of entrainment is uniform over a gravel bar and a function of the peak dimensionless shear stress τ</span><sub>0</sub><span>* of the flood. The fraction of tags missing from a gravel bar during a flood, or partial entrainment, had an approximately normal distribution with respect to τ</span><sub>0</sub><span>* with a mean value (50% of the tags entrained) of 0.085 and standard deviation of 0.022 (root‐mean‐square error of 0.09). Variation in partial entrainment for a given τ</span><sub>0</sub><span>* demonstrated the effects of flow conditioning on bed strength, with lower values of partial entrainment after intermediate magnitude floods (0.065 &lt; τ</span><sub>0</sub><span>*&lt; 0.08) than after higher magnitude floods. Although the probability of bed material entrainment was approximately uniform over a gravel bar during individual floods and independent from flood to flood, regions of preferential stability and instability emerged at some bars over the course of a wet season. Deviations from spatially uniform and independent bed material entrainment were most pronounced for reaches with varied flow and in consecutive floods with small to intermediate magnitudes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000828","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., Booth, D.B., Burges, S.J., and Montgomery, D.R., 2002, Partial entrainment of gravel bars during floods: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 7, p. 9-1-9-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000828.","productDescription":"Article 1104; 16 p.","startPage":"9-1","endPage":"9-16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7523e4b0c8380cd779ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, Derek B.","contributorId":100873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burges, Stephen J.","contributorId":8567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burges","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montgomery, David R.","contributorId":67389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024508,"text":"70024508 - 2002 - Large-scale fractures related to inception of the Yellowstone hotspot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T17:05:47.084041","indexId":"70024508","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale fractures related to inception of the Yellowstone hotspot","docAbstract":"<p>During middle Miocene time, western North America was subject to flood-basalt volcanism, dike-swarm injection, and broad-scale fracturing and folding of the crust. We propose a simple model to account for these events and for a regional pattern of geologic and geophysical features. Aeromagnetic maps reveal some of the most important elements of this pattern, which are several narrow, arcuate anomalies, here referred to as the Northern Nevada rifts. These rifts extend hundreds of kilometers across Nevada and are likely caused by highly magnetic, middle Miocene mafic dikes. With the aid of filtering techniques, the anomalies can be traced into Oregon. Together with other geologic features, such as fold axes, dike swarms, and faults, they produce a spoke-like pattern fanning over <span>220°&nbsp;</span> of arc that converges toward a point near the Oregon-Idaho border (lat <span>∼44°N</span>). A possible cause for this pattern is a point source of stress at the base of the crust related to the formation of the Yellowstone hotspot. The spoke-like pattern, however, does not persist at large distances from the emerging hotspot; several hundred kilometers to the south, the Northern Nevada rifts deviate significantly (<span>&gt;30°</span>) from a radial trend. We show that a simple model-imposing a point source of stress at the base of the crust and a regional stress field aligned with the presumed middle Miocene stress direction-fits the observed fracture pattern. It thus accounts for both the radial pattern present near the nascent hotspot and the far-field pattern due to regional stresses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0647:LSFRTI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Glen, J., and Ponce, D., 2002, Large-scale fractures related to inception of the Yellowstone hotspot: Geology, v. 30, no. 7, p. 647-650, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0647:LSFRTI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"650","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone hotspot","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.06353759765625,\n              44.51805165000559\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.159912109375,\n              44.51805165000559\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.159912109375,\n              44.999767019181284\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.06353759765625,\n              44.999767019181284\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.06353759765625,\n              44.51805165000559\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4498e4b0c8380cd66c2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glen, J.M.G.","contributorId":38330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"J.M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, D. A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024609,"text":"70024609 - 2002 - Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a New York peatland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T15:56:36.477759","indexId":"70024609","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a New York peatland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nutrient loading is a subtle, yet serious threat to the preservation of high diversity wetlands such as peatlands. Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a small peatland in New York State, USA were determined by collecting and analyzing a suite of hydrogeological, hydro-chemical, soil, and vegetation data. Piezometer clusters within an intensive network constituted hydro-chemical sampling points and focal points for randomly selected vegetation quadrats and soil-coring locations. Hydrogeological data and nutrient analyses showed that P and K loading occurred chiefly by means of overland flow from an adjacent farm field, whereas N loading occurred predominantly through ground-water flow from the farm field. Redundancy analysis and polynomial regression showed that nutrients, particularly total P in peat, total K in peat, extractable NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>-N, and NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N flux in ground water, were strongly negatively correlated with plant diversity measures at the site. No other environmental variables except vegetation measures associated with eutrophication demonstrated such a strong relationship with plant diversity. Nitrate loading over 4 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;was associated with low plant diversity, and Ca fluxes between 80 and 130 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;were associated with high plant diversity. Areas in the site with particularly low vascular plant and bryophyte species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity (H′) occurred adjacent to the farm field and near a hillside spring. High H′ and species richness of vascular plants and bryophytes occurred in areas that were further removed from agriculture, contained no highly dominant vegetation, and were situated directly along the ground-water flow paths of springs. These areas were characterized by relatively constant water levels and consistent, yet moderate fluxes of base cations and nutrients. Overall, this study demonstrates that knowledge of site hydrogeology is crucial for determining potential pathways of nutrient loading and for developing relationships between nutrient inflows and wetland plant diversity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0263:PONLAI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J.Z., and Bedford, B.L., 2002, Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a New York peatland: Wetlands, v. 22, no. 2, p. 263-281, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0263:PONLAI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"McLean Preserve Fen","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.27017974853516,\n              42.53297077712674\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.26331329345703,\n              42.53297077712674\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.26331329345703,\n              42.537461198323754\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.27017974853516,\n              42.537461198323754\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.27017974853516,\n              42.53297077712674\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75afe4b0c8380cd77ca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":167492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, B. L.","contributorId":41996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bedford","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024416,"text":"70024416 - 2002 - Historical and modern distributions of benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024416","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical and modern distributions of benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California","docAbstract":"Historical (early 1930s) and modern samples provide a detailed account of the spatial distribution of benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California. Ten species among a total of 110 present dominated the 110 samples investigated in the historical study. A cluster analysis of the foraminiferal abundances in the historical study identified five assemblages: Inner Shelf, Middle Shelf, Outer Shelf, Southeastern Shelf and Southwestern Shelf. Specimens with calcareous tests were most prevalent in all the assemblages. A cluster analysis of the modern foraminiferal frequencies from 95 samples also defined five assemblages: Inner Shelf, Middle Shelf, Middle/Outer Shelf Arenaceous, Outer Shelf, and Southern Shelf. Although arenaceous taxa dominate much of the modern fauna, the spatial distribution of the modern assemblages is similar to that of the historical record when presumably unrecognized taxa are eliminated from the data. Both the historical and, to a greater degree, the modern foraminiferal assemblages exhibit a strong correlation with the sediment grain size distribution. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00264-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2002, Historical and modern distributions of benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California: Marine Geology, v. 181, no. 1-3, p. 115-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00264-X.","startPage":"115","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00264-X"}],"volume":"181","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a317be4b0c8380cd5df68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, M. 0000-0002-3057-2945","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":49125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024486,"text":"70024486 - 2002 - Grid-cell-based crop water accounting for the famine early warning system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T09:51:18","indexId":"70024486","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grid-cell-based crop water accounting for the famine early warning system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainfall monitoring is a regular activity of food security analysts for sub-Saharan Africa due to the potentially disastrous impact of drought. Crop water accounting schemes are used to track rainfall timing and amounts relative to phenological requirements, to infer water limitation impacts on yield. Unfortunately, many rain gauge reports are available only after significant delays, and the gauge locations leave large gaps in coverage. As an alternative, a grid-cell-based formulation for the water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) was tested for maize in Southern Africa. Grids of input variables were obtained from remote sensing estimates of rainfall, meteorological models, and digital soil maps. The spatial WRSI was computed for the 1996–97 and 1997–98 growing seasons. Maize yields were estimated by regression and compared with a limited number of reports from the field for the 1996–97 season in Zimbabwe. Agreement at a useful level (</span><i>r</i><span> = 0·80) was observed. This is comparable to results from traditional analysis with station data. The findings demonstrate the complementary role that remote sensing, modelling, and geospatial analysis can play in an era when field data collection in sub-Saharan Africa is suffering an unfortunate decline.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1025","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Verdin, J., and Klaver, R., 2002, Grid-cell-based crop water accounting for the famine early warning system: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 8, p. 1617-1630, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1025.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1617","endPage":"1630","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1025"}],"volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6fe4b0c8380cd5b19b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, J. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":26112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, R. 0000-0002-3263-9701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":40378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024610,"text":"70024610 - 2002 - A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024610","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast","docAbstract":"Submergence of coastal marshes in areas where rates of relative sea-level rise exceed rates of marsh sedimentation, or vertical accretion, is a global problem that requires detailed examination of the principal processes that establish, maintain, and degrade these biologically productive environments. Using a simple 210Pb-dating model, we measured sedimentation rates in cores from the Trinity, Lavaca-Navidad, and Nueces bayhead fluvial-deltaic systems in Texas where more than 2000 ha of wetlands have been lost since the 1950s. Long-term average rates of fluvial-deltaic aggradation decrease southwestward from 0.514 ?? 0.008 cm year -1 in the Trinity, 0.328 ?? 0.022 cm year -1 in the Lavaca-Navidad, to 0.262 ?? 0.034 cm year -1 in the Nucces. The relative magnitudes of sedimentation and wetland loss correlate with several parameters that define the differing fluvial-deltaic settings, including size of coastal drainage basin, average annual rainfall, suspended sediment load, thickness of Holocene mud in the valley fill, and rates of relative sea-level rise. There is some evidence that upstream reservoirs have reduced wetland sedimentation rates, which are now about one-half the local rates of relative sea-level rise. The extant conditions indicate that fluvial-deltaic marshes in these valleys will continue to be lost as a result of submergence and erosion. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"White, W., Morton, R., and Holmes, C.W., 2002, A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast: Geomorphology, v. 44, no. 1-2, p. 47-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4.","startPage":"47","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4"},{"id":233165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e35ae4b0c8380cd45fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, W.A.","contributorId":24489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024611,"text":"70024611 - 2002 - Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:50:53.505412","indexId":"70024611","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>Initial studies of neutron spectrometer data returned by Lunar Prospector concentrated on the discovery of enhanced hydrogen abundances near both lunar poles. However, the nonpolar data exhibit intriguing patterns that appear spatially correlated with surface features such as young impact craters (e.g., Tycho). Such immature crater materials may have low hydrogen contents because of their relative lack of exposure to solar wind-implanted volatiles. We tested this hypothesis by comparing epithermal* neutron counts (i.e., epithermal −0.057 × thermal neutrons) for Copernican-age craters classified as relatively young, intermediate, and old (as determined by previous studies of Clementine optical maturity variations). The epithermal* counts of the crater and continuous ejecta regions suggest that the youngest impact materials are relatively devoid of hydrogen in the upper 1 m of regolith. We also show that the mean hydrogen contents measured in Apollo and Luna landing site samples are only moderately well correlated to the epithermal* neutron counts at the landing sites, likely owing to the effects of rare earth elements. These results suggest that further work is required to define better how hydrogen distribution can be revealed by epithermal neutrons in order to understand more fully the nature and sources (e.g., solar wind, meteorite impacts) of volatiles in the lunar regolith.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001430","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Feldman, W.C., Lawrence, D.J., Maurice, S., Swindle, T.D., and Lucey, P.G., 2002, Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 107, no. E2, p. 3-1-3-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001430.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3-1","endPage":"3-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"107","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a95e4b0c8380cd68e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feldman, W. C.","contributorId":40767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feldman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, D. J.","contributorId":84952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maurice, S.","contributorId":18144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurice","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swindle, T. D.","contributorId":68042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swindle","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucey, P. G.","contributorId":72532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucey","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024986,"text":"70024986 - 2002 - Archiving, processing, and disseminating ASTER products at the USGS EROS Data Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-19T14:30:42.960428","indexId":"70024986","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Archiving, processing, and disseminating ASTER products at the USGS EROS Data Center","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center archives, processes, and disseminates Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data products. The ASTER instrument is one of five sensors onboard the Earth Observing System's Terra satellite launched December 18, 1999. ASTER collects broad spectral coverage with high spatial resolution at near infrared, shortwave infrared, and thermal infrared wavelengths with ground resolutions of 15, 30, and 90 meters, respectively. The ASTER data are used in many ways to understand local and regional earth-surface processes. Applications include land-surface climatology, volcanology, hazards monitoring, geology, agronomy, land cover change, and hydrology. The ASTER data are available for purchase from the ASTER Ground Data System in Japan and from the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center in the United States, which receives level 1A and level 1B data from Japan on a routine basis. These products are archived and made available to the public within 48 hours of receipt. The level 1A and level 1B data are used to generate higher level products that include routine and on-demand decorrelation stretch, brightness temperature at the sensor, emissivity, surface reflectance, surface kinetic temperature, surface radiance, polar surface and cloud classification, and digital elevation models. This paper describes the processes and procedures used to archive, process, and disseminate standard and on-demand higher level ASTER products at the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center.","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems VII","conferenceDate":"July 7-10, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.451575","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Jones, B., and Tolk, B.L., 2002, Archiving, processing, and disseminating ASTER products at the USGS EROS Data Center, Earth Observing Systems VII, v. 4814, Seattle, WA, July 7-10, 2002, p. 402-413, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451575.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"402","endPage":"413","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4814","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed51e4b0c8380cd49729","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnes W.L.","contributorId":128354,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barnes W.L.","id":536543,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Brenda 0000-0003-4941-5349 bkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5349","contributorId":2994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Brenda","email":"bkjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tolk, Brian L. 0000-0002-9060-0266 tolk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0266","contributorId":2992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolk","given":"Brian","email":"tolk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024616,"text":"70024616 - 2002 - Subsurface geometry and evolution of the Seattle fault zone and the Seattle Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:14:37","indexId":"70024616","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface geometry and evolution of the Seattle fault zone and the Seattle Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"The Seattle fault, a large, seismically active, east-west-striking fault zone under Seattle, is the best-studied fault within the tectonically active Puget Lowland in western Washington, yet its subsurface geometry and evolution are not well constrained. We combine several analysis and modeling approaches to study the fault geometry and evolution, including depth-converted, deep-seismic-reflection images, P-wave-velocity field, gravity data, elastic modeling of shoreline uplift from a late Holocene earthquake, and kinematic fault restoration. We propose that the Seattle thrust or reverse fault is accompanied by a shallow, antithetic reverse fault that emerges south of the main fault. The wedge enclosed by the two faults is subject to an enhanced uplift, as indicated by the boxcar shape of the shoreline uplift from the last major earthquake on the fault zone. The Seattle Basin is interpreted as a flexural basin at the footwall of the Seattle fault zone. Basin stratigraphy and the regional tectonic history lead us to suggest that the Seattle fault zone initiated as a reverse fault during the middle Miocene, concurrently with changes in the regional stress field, to absorb some of the north-south shortening of the Cascadia forearc. Kingston Arch, 30 km north of the Seattle fault zone, is interpreted as a more recent disruption arising within the basin, probably due to the development of a blind reverse fault.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120010229","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Molzer, P., Fisher, M.A., Blakely, R., Bucknam, R., Parsons, T., Crosson, R.S., and Creager, K.C., 2002, Subsurface geometry and evolution of the Seattle fault zone and the Seattle Basin, Washington: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1737-1753, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010229.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1737","endPage":"1753","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Seattle Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              46.89398546092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1185302734375,\n              46.89398546092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1185302734375,\n              48.55297816440071\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              48.55297816440071\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              46.89398546092549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d76e4b08c986b31d87c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molzer, P.C.","contributorId":86514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molzer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bucknam, R.C.","contributorId":35744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crosson, R. S.","contributorId":104987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Creager, K. C.","contributorId":105078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70024618,"text":"70024618 - 2002 - Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T08:41:07","indexId":"70024618","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Parasites and pathogens can influence the survivorship, behavior, and very structure of their host species. For example, experimental studies have shown that trematode parasites can cause high frequencies of severe limb malformations in amphibians. In a broad-scale field survey covering parts of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana, we examined relationships between the frequency and types of morphological abnormalities in amphibians and the abundance of trematode parasite infection, pH, concentrations of 61 pesticides, and levels of orthophosphate and total nitrate. We recorded severe malformations at frequencies ranging from 1% to 90% in nine amphibian species from 53 aquatic systems. Infection of larvae by the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae was associated with, and functionally related to, higher frequencies of amphibian limb malformations than found in uninfected populations (≤5%). Parasites were concentrated around the basal tissue of hind limbs in infected anurans, and malformations associated with infection included skin webbings, supernumerary limbs and digits, and missing or malformed hind limbs. In the absence of Ribeiroia, amphibian populations exhibited low (0-5%) frequencies of abnormalities involving missing digits or distal portions of a hind limb. Species were affected differentially by the parasite, and Ambystoma macrodactylum, Hyla regilla, Rand aurora, R. luteiventris, and Taricha torosa typically exhibited the highest frequencies of abnormalities. None of the water-quality variables measured was associated with malformed amphibians, but aquatic snail hosts (Planorbella spp.) were significant predictors of the presence and abundance of Ribeiroia infection. Morphological comparisons of adult specimens of Ribeiroia collected from different sites and raised in experimental definitive hosts suggested that all samples represented the same species - R. ondatrae. These field results, coupled with experimental research on the effects of Ribeiroia on amphibians, demonstrate that Ribeiroia infection is an important and widespread cause of amphibian limb malformations in the western United States. The relevance of trematode infection to declines of amphibian populations and the influence of habitat modification on the pathology and life cycle of Ribeiroia are emphasized as areas requiring further research.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0151:PROILT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., Lunde, K., Thurman, E., Ritchie, E., Wray, S., Sutherland, D., Kapfer, J., Frest, T., Bowerman, J., and Blaustein, A., 2002, Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States: Ecological Monographs, v. 72, no. 2, p. 151-168, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0151:PROILT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"168","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Parasite_Ribeiroia_ondatrae_infection_linked_to_amphibian_malformations_in_the_western_United_States/20877172","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74d6e4b0c8380cd77867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.T.J.","contributorId":104255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunde, K.B.","contributorId":10200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunde","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ritchie, E.G.","contributorId":97285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wray, S.N.","contributorId":90505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sutherland, D.R.","contributorId":15376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kapfer, J.M.","contributorId":68505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapfer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Frest, T.J.","contributorId":70964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frest","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowerman, J.","contributorId":94824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowerman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Blaustein, A.R.","contributorId":40325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaustein","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70024417,"text":"70024417 - 2002 - Accelerated solvent extraction followed by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to ion trap LC/MS/MS for analysis of benzalkonium chlorides in sediment samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024417","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accelerated solvent extraction followed by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to ion trap LC/MS/MS for analysis of benzalkonium chlorides in sediment samples","docAbstract":"Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) were successfully extracted from sediment samples using a new methodology based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by an on-line cleanup step. The BACs were detected by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using an electrospray interface operated in the positive ion mode. This methodology combines the high efficiency of extraction provided by a pressurized fluid and the high sensitivity offered by the ion trap MS/MS. The effects of solvent type and ASE operational variables, such as temperature and pressure, were evaluated. After optimization, a mixture of acetonitrile/water (6:4 or 7:3) was found to be most efficient for extracting BACs from the sediment samples. Extraction recoveries ranged from 95 to 105% for C12 and C14 homologues, respectively. Total method recoveries from fortified sediment samples, using a cleanup step followed by ASE, were 85% for C12BAC and 79% for C14-BAC. The methodology developed in this work provides detection limits in the subnanogram per gram range. Concentrations of BAC homologues ranged from 22 to 206 ??g/kg in sediment samples from different river sites downstream from wastewater treatment plants. The high affinity of BACs for soil suggests that BACs preferentially concentrate in sediment rather than in water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ac010969l","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Ferrer, I., and Furlong, E., 2002, Accelerated solvent extraction followed by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to ion trap LC/MS/MS for analysis of benzalkonium chlorides in sediment samples: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, no. 6, p. 1275-1280, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac010969l.","startPage":"1275","endPage":"1280","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac010969l"},{"id":232120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e667e4b0c8380cd473c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024619,"text":"70024619 - 2002 - Development and evaluation of a local grid refinement method for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using shared nodes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024619","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and evaluation of a local grid refinement method for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using shared nodes","docAbstract":"A new method of local grid refinement for two-dimensional block-centered finite-difference meshes is presented in the context of steady-state groundwater-flow modeling. The method uses an iteration-based feedback with shared nodes to couple two separate grids. The new method is evaluated by comparison with results using a uniform fine mesh, a variably spaced mesh, and a traditional method of local grid refinement without a feedback. Results indicate: (1) The new method exhibits quadratic convergence for homogeneous systems and convergence equivalent to uniform-grid refinement for heterogeneous systems. (2) Coupling the coarse grid with the refined grid in a numerically rigorous way allowed for improvement in the coarse-grid results. (3) For heterogeneous systems, commonly used linear interpolation of heads from the large model onto the boundary of the refined model produced heads that are inconsistent with the physics of the flow field. (4) The traditional method works well in situations where the better resolution of the locally refined grid has little influence on the overall flow-system dynamics, but if this is not true, lack of a feedback mechanism produced errors in head up to 3.6% and errors in cell-to-cell flows up to 25%. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00021-0","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., and Hill, M.C., 2002, Development and evaluation of a local grid refinement method for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using shared nodes: Advances in Water Resources, v. 25, no. 5, p. 497-511, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00021-0.","startPage":"497","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207977,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00021-0"},{"id":233309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0020e4b0c8380cd4f5d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024904,"text":"70024904 - 2002 - Approaches for the direct estimation of lambda, and demographic contributions to lambda, using capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T10:16:56","indexId":"70024904","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches for the direct estimation of lambda, and demographic contributions to lambda, using capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"<p><span>We first consider the estimation of the finite rate of population increase or population growth rate, u i , using capture-recapture data from open populations. We review estimation and modelling of u i under three main approaches to modelling openpopulation data: the classic approach of Jolly (1965) and Seber (1965), the superpopulation approach of Crosbie &amp; Manly (1985) and Schwarz &amp; Arnason (1996), and the temporal symmetry approach of Pradel (1996). Next, we consider the contributions of different demographic components to u i using a probabilistic approach based on the composition of the population at time i + 1 (Nichols et al., 2000b). The parameters of interest are identical to the seniority parameters, n i , of Pradel (1996). We review estimation of n i under the classic, superpopulation, and temporal symmetry approaches. We then compare these direct estimation approaches for u i and n i with analogues computed using projection matrix asymptotics. We also discuss various extensions of the estimation approaches to multistate applications and to joint likelihoods involving multiple data types.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108809","issn":"02664763","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 2002, Approaches for the direct estimation of lambda, and demographic contributions to lambda, using capture-recapture data: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 539-568, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108809.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"568","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108809"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ece1e4b0c8380cd4952a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024583,"text":"70024583 - 2002 - Prediction of the fate of p,p'-DDE in sediment on the Palos Verdes shelf, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T14:25:50","indexId":"70024583","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of the fate of p,p'-DDE in sediment on the Palos Verdes shelf, California, USA","docAbstract":"Long-term (60-yr) predictions of vertical profiles of p,p???-DDE concentrations in contaminated bottom sediments on the Palos Verdes shelf were calculated for three locations along the 60-m isobath using a numerical solution of the one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation. The calculations incorporated the following processes: sediment deposition (or erosion), depth-dependent solid-phase biodiffusive mixing, in situ diagenetic transformation, and loss of p,p???-DDE across the sediment-water interface by two mechanisms (resuspension of sediments by wave action and subsequent loss of p,p???-DDE to the water column by desorption, and desorption from sediments to porewater and subsequent molecular diffusion to the water column). A combination of field measurements, laboratory analyses, and calculations with supporting models was used to set parameters for the model. The model explains significant features observed in measurements made every 2 years from 1981 to 1997 by the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles (LACSD). Analyses of available data suggest that two sites northwest of the Whites Point sewage outfalls will remain depositional, even as particulate supply from the sewage-treatment plant and nearby Portuguese Bend Landslide decreases. At these sites, model predictions for 1991-2050 indicate that most of the existing inventory of p,p???-DDE will remain buried and that surface concentrations will gradually decrease. Analyses of data southeast of the outfalls suggest that erosion is likely to occur somewhere on the southeast edge of the existing effluent-affected deposit, and model predictions for such a site showed that erosion and biodiffusion will reintroduce the p,p???-DDE to the upper layer of sediments, with subsequent increases in surface concentrations and loss to the overlying water column.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00118-2","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Drake, D., Wiberg, P., and Wheatcroft, R.A., 2002, Prediction of the fate of p,p'-DDE in sediment on the Palos Verdes shelf, California, USA: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 1025-1058, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00118-2.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1058","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.46557617187499,\n              33.764307046898494\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.48205566406251,\n              33.696922692957685\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.46694946289064,\n              33.66149615643826\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.45321655273438,\n              33.637489243170826\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.40927124023438,\n              33.62948545097293\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38043212890625,\n              33.592887216626245\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30764770507811,\n              33.57687060377715\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.28842163085938,\n              33.62605502663528\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25546264648438,\n              33.65349459599047\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.28567504882812,\n              33.6912097228257\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.32000732421875,\n              33.70263528325575\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.36257934570312,\n              33.716343950060214\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.42437744140625,\n              33.714059324224124\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.46557617187499,\n              33.764307046898494\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81f6e4b0c8380cd7b81a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiberg, P.L.","contributorId":33827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiberg","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wheatcroft, R. A.","contributorId":76503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheatcroft","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024903,"text":"70024903 - 2002 - Analysis of individual- and time-specific covariate effects on survival of Serinus serinus in north-eastern Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024903","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of individual- and time-specific covariate effects on survival of Serinus serinus in north-eastern Spain","docAbstract":"We developed models for the analysis of recapture data for 2678 serins (Serinus serinus) ringed in north-eastern Spain since 1985. We investigated several time- and individual-specific factors as potential predictors of overall mortality and dispersal patterns, and of gender and age differences in these patterns. Time-specific covariates included minimum daily temperature, days below freezing, and abundance of a strong competitor, siskins (Carduelis spinus) during winter, and maximum temperature and rainfall during summer. Individual covariates included body mass (i.e. body condition), and wing length (i.e. flying ability), and interactions between body mass and environmental factors. We found little support of a predictive relationship between environmental factors and survival, but good evidence of relationships between body mass and survival, especially for juveniles. Juvenile survival appears to vary in a curvilinear manner with increasing mass, suggesting that there may exist an optimal mass beyond which increases are detrimental. The mass-survival relationship does seem to be influenced by at least one environmental factor, namely the abundance of wintering siskins. When siskins are abundant, increases in body mass appear to relate strongly to increasing survival. When siskin numbers are average or low the relationship is largely reversed, suggesting that the presence of strong competition mitigates the otherwise largely negative aspects of greater body mass. Wing length in juveniles also appears to be related positively to survival, perhaps largely due to the influence of a few unusually large juveniles with adult-like survival. Further work is needed to test these relationships, ideally under experimentation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108674","issn":"02664763","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M., Senar, J., and Domenech, J., 2002, Analysis of individual- and time-specific covariate effects on survival of Serinus serinus in north-eastern Spain: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 125-142, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108674.","startPage":"125","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207964,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108674"},{"id":233288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb1ce4b0c8380cd48c1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senar, J.C.","contributorId":73317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senar","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domenech, J.","contributorId":101364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domenech","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025017,"text":"70025017 - 2002 - Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-09T11:13:22.901459","indexId":"70025017","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities","docAbstract":"NASA developed the Earth Observing System (EOS) during the 1990'S. At the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), located at the USGS EROS Data Center, the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is required to support heritage missions as well as Landsat 7, Terra, and Aqua. The original system concept of the early 1990'S changed as each community had its say - first the managers, then engineers, scientists, developers, operators, and then finally the general public. The systems at the LP DAAC - particularly the largest single system, the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) - are changing as experience accumulates, technology changes, and each user group gains influence. The LP DAAC has adapted as contingencies were planned for, requirements and therefore plans were modified, and expectations changed faster than requirements could hope to be satisfied. Although not responsible for Quality Assurance of the science data, the LP DAAC works to ensure the data are accessible and useable by influencing systems, capabilities, and data formats where possible, and providing tools and user support as necessary. While supporting multiple missions and instruments, the LP DAAC also works with and learns from multiple management and oversight groups as they review mission requirements, system capabilities, and the overall operation of the LP DAAC. Stakeholders, including the Land Science community, are consulted regularly to ensure that the LP DAAC remains cognizant and responsive to the evolving needs of the user community. Today, the systems do not look or function as originally planned, but they do work, and they allow customers to search and order of an impressive amount of diverse data.","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems VII","conferenceDate":"July 7-10, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.451678","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Kalvelage, T.A., 2002, Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities, Earth Observing Systems VII, v. 4814, Seattle, WA, July 7-10, 2002, p. 380-391, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451678.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4814","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e75e4b0c8380cd75662","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnes W.L.","contributorId":128354,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barnes W.L.","id":536544,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kalvelage, T. A.","contributorId":74548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalvelage","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024687,"text":"70024687 - 2002 - The geohydrologic setting of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024687","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geohydrologic setting of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"This paper provides a geologic and hydrologic framework of the Yucca Mountain region for the geochemical papers in this volume. The regional geologic units, which range in age from late Precambrian through Holocene, are briefly described. Yucca Mountain is composed of dominantly pyroclastic units that range in age from 11.4 to 15.2 Ma. The principal focus of study has been on the Paintbrush Group, which includes two major zoned and welded ash-flow tuffs separated by an important hydrogeologic unit referred to as the Paintbrush non-welded (PTn). The regional structural setting is currently one of extension, and the major local tectonic domains are presented together with a tectonic model that is consistent with the known structures at Yucca Mountain. Streamflow in this arid to semi-arid region occurs principally in intermittent or ephemeral channels. Near Yucca Mountain, the channels of Fortymile Wash and Amargosa River collect infrequent runoff from tributary basins, ultimately draining to Death Valley. Beneath the surface, large-scale interbasin flow of groundwater from one valley to another occurs commonly in the region. Regional groundwater flow beneath Yucca Mountain originates in the high mesas to the north and returns to the surface either in southern Amargosa Desert or in Death Valley, where it is consumed by evapotranspiration. The water table is very deep beneath the upland areas such as Yucca Mountain, where it is 500-750 m below the land surface, providing a large thickness of unsaturated rocks that are potentially suitable to host a nuclear-waste repository. The nature of unsaturated flow processes, which are important for assessing radionuclide migration, are inferred mainly from hydrochemical or isotopic evidence, from pneumatic tests of the fracture systems, and from the results of in situ experiments. Water seeping down through the unsaturated zone flows rapidly through fractures and more slowly through the pores of the rock matrix. Although capillary forces are expected to divert much of the flow around repository openings, some may drip onto waste packages, ultimately causing release of radionuclides, followed by transport down to the water table. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00029-X","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., and Dudley, W.W., 2002, The geohydrologic setting of Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 6, p. 659-682, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00029-X.","startPage":"659","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00029-X"},{"id":233313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac53e4b08c986b323412","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, W. W.","contributorId":101941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024689,"text":"70024689 - 2002 - The Emerson Lake Body: A link between the Landers and Hector Mine earthquakes, southern California, as inferred from gravity and magnetic anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-24T15:36:32.651976","indexId":"70024689","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Emerson Lake Body: A link between the Landers and Hector Mine earthquakes, southern California, as inferred from gravity and magnetic anomalies","docAbstract":"<p>Gravity and magnetic data indicate a mafic crustal heterogeneity that lies between the Hector Mine 16 October 1999 (<i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.1) and Landers 28 June 1992 (<i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.3) epicenters. The aftershocks and ruptures of these two events avoided the interior of the body. Two- and three-dimensional modeling of the potential-field anomalies shows that the source, here named the Emerson Lake body (ELB), extends to a depth of approximately 15 km. The source of the gravity and magnetic anomaly is most likely Jurassic diorite because exposures of these rocks coincide with both gravity and magnetic highs west of Emerson Lake. Seismic tomography also shows higher velocities within the region of the ELB. We propose that the ELB was an important influence on the rupture geometry of the Landers and Hector Mine ruptures and that the ELB may have played a role in transferring of stress from the Landers earthquake to the Hector Mine hypocenter. Seismicity before the Landers earthquake also tended to avoid the ELB, suggesting that the ELB affects how strain is distributed in this part of the Mojave Desert. Thus, faults within the body should have limited rupture sizes and lower seismic hazard than faults bounding or outside this mafic crustal heterogeneity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000906","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Jachens, R., 2002, The Emerson Lake Body: A link between the Landers and Hector Mine earthquakes, southern California, as inferred from gravity and magnetic anomalies: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1606-1620, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000906.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1606","endPage":"1620","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Emerson Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              33.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              33.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba71ae4b08c986b32136d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024818,"text":"70024818 - 2002 - Ancient and modern subduction zone contributions to the mantle sources of lavas from the Lassen region of California inferred from Lu-Hf isotopic systematics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T15:36:48.589429","indexId":"70024818","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient and modern subduction zone contributions to the mantle sources of lavas from the Lassen region of California inferred from Lu-Hf isotopic systematics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hafnium isotopic compositions have been determined on a suite of calc-alkaline and high-alumina-olivine tholeiitic lavas from the Lassen region of California and are used, in conjunction with previously published mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic data, to constrain their petrogenesis. Positive correlation between ε</span><sub><i>Hf</i></sub><span>&nbsp;values and geochemical indices of the modern subduction component indicates that the isotopic compositions of the calc-alkaline lavas record addition of radiogenic Hf from the subducted slab. However, the addition of the modern subduction component increases the ε</span><sub><i>Hf</i></sub><span>&nbsp;values of most calc-alkaline lavas by &lt;0·5 units over estimates of non-subduction enriched peridotites of the mantle wedge. The Lu–Hf isotopic systematics of the Lassen lavas suggest that the calc-alkaline magmas have equilibrated with garnet at some point in their history, whereas the tholeiitic magmas have not. These observations require the two lava types to be derived from different sources. The isotopic variability of the Lassen lavas cannot be produced by mixing mantle sources inferred to be present in the eastern–central Pacific and western USA with a modern subduction component. Instead, the isotopic variability is consistent with mixing of a depleted mantle source, a more fertile mantle source enriched by an ancient subduction component, and a modern subduction component.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/43.4.705","usgsCitation":"Borg, L.E., Blichert-Toft, J., and Clynne, M.A., 2002, Ancient and modern subduction zone contributions to the mantle sources of lavas from the Lassen region of California inferred from Lu-Hf isotopic systematics: Journal of Petrology, v. 43, no. 4, p. 705-723, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/43.4.705.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"723","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/43.4.705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.0086669921875,\n              39.791654835253425\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.574951171875,\n              39.791654835253425\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.574951171875,\n              41.000629848685385\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0086669921875,\n              41.000629848685385\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0086669921875,\n              39.791654835253425\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf4e4b0c8380cd48fbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borg, L. E.","contributorId":33863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blichert-Toft, Janne","contributorId":248203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blichert-Toft","given":"Janne","affiliations":[{"id":49822,"text":"Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":402727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024759,"text":"70024759 - 2002 - Identification of lithofacies using Kohonen self-organizing maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024759","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of lithofacies using Kohonen self-organizing maps","docAbstract":"Lithofacies identification is a primary task in reservoir characterization. Traditional techniques of lithofacies identification from core data are costly, and it is difficult to extrapolate to non-cored wells. We present a low-cost automated technique using Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOMs) to identify systematically and objectively lithofacies from well log data. SOMs are unsupervised artificial neural networks that map the input space into clusters in a topological form whose organization is related to trends in the input data. A case study used five wells located in Appleton Field, Escambia County, Alabama (Smackover Formation, limestone and dolomite, Oxfordian, Jurassic). A five-input, one-dimensional output approach is employed, assuming the lithofacies are in ascending/descending order with respect to paleoenvironmental energy levels. To consider the possible appearance of new logfacies not seen in training mode, which may potentially appear in test wells, the maximum number of outputs is set to 20 instead of four, the designated number of lithosfacies in the study area. This study found eleven major clusters. The clusters were compared to depositional lithofacies identified by manual core examination. The clusters were ordered by the SOM in a pattern consistent with environmental gradients inferred from core examination: bind/boundstone, grainstone, packstone, and wackestone. This new approach predicted lithofacies identity from well log data with 78.8% accuracy which is more accurate than using a backpropagation neural network (57.3%). The clusters produced by the SOM are ordered with respect to paleoenvironmental energy levels. This energy-related clustering provides geologists and petroleum engineers with valuable geologic information about the logfacies and their interrelationships. This advantage is not obtained in backpropagation neural networks and adaptive resonance theory neural networks. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00067-X","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Chang, H., Kopaska-Merkel, D., and Chen, H., 2002, Identification of lithofacies using Kohonen self-organizing maps: Computers & Geosciences, v. 28, no. 2, p. 223-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00067-X.","startPage":"223","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207935,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00067-X"},{"id":233246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3831e4b0c8380cd6149b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, H.-C.","contributorId":80463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kopaska-Merkel, D. C.","contributorId":21314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopaska-Merkel","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, H.-C.","contributorId":9815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024766,"text":"70024766 - 2002 - The hydrothermolysis of the picrate anion: Kinetics and mechanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70024766","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3595,"text":"Thermochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The hydrothermolysis of the picrate anion: Kinetics and mechanism","docAbstract":"The hydrothermolysis of the picrate anion in aqueous solution has been studied at 260-325??C in liquid water. At starting pH values above 12, the disappearance of picrate begins immediately and is first order in OH-. At lower pH, there is an induction period preceding the disappearance, and over the pH range 6.7-11.9 there is no pH dependence in the developed reaction phase. Added borate and silicate salts promote the reaction, suggesting their acting as nucleophiles at hydrothermal conditions. Nitrite is an initial product, while acetate is a final product and reflective of a vigorous oxidative sequence consuming the intermediate products. A reaction sequence consistent with the results at the lower pH includes initiation of a chain process by displacement of nitrite by water, followed by nucleophilic displacement of nitrite by nitrite such that a nitro group is replaced by an O-N=O group. The ester then rapidly hydrolyzes, and the net reaction is the production of an additional nitrite with each cycle. A simple modeling of this system satisfactorily fits the experimental findings. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Thermochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00789-4","issn":"00406031","usgsCitation":"Ross, D., and Jayaweera, I., 2002, The hydrothermolysis of the picrate anion: Kinetics and mechanism: Thermochimica Acta, v. 384, no. 1-2, p. 155-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00789-4.","startPage":"155","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00789-4"}],"volume":"384","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacd2e4b08c986b32377b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, D.S.","contributorId":33867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jayaweera, I.","contributorId":46730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayaweera","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024481,"text":"70024481 - 2002 - Experiences from the testing of a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024481","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":649,"text":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experiences from the testing of a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media","docAbstract":"Usually, small-scale model error is present in groundwater modelling because the model only represents average system characteristics having the same form as the drift and small-scale variability is neglected. These errors cause the true errors of a regression model to be correlated. Theory and an example show that the errors also contribute to bias in the estimates of model parameters. This bias originates from model nonlinearity. In spite of this bias, predictions of hydraulic head are nearly unbiased if the model intrinsic nonlinearity is small. Individual confidence and prediction intervals are accurate if the t-statistic is multiplied by a correction factor. The correction factor can be computed from the true error second moment matrix, which can be determined when the stochastic properties of the system characteristics are known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Czech","issn":"00017132","usgsCitation":"Christensen, S., and Cooley, R., 2002, Experiences from the testing of a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, v. 46, no. 2-3, p. 8-11.","startPage":"8","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0db9e4b0c8380cd53178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, S.","contributorId":30387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooley, R.L.","contributorId":9272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024773,"text":"70024773 - 2002 - Stress triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by transient deformation following the 1992 Landers earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-24T14:52:50.056554","indexId":"70024773","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by transient deformation following the 1992 Landers earthquake","docAbstract":"The M 7.3 June 28, 1992 Landers and M 7.1 October 16, 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes, California, both right lateral strike-slip events on NNW-trending subvertical faults, occurred in close proximity in space and time in a region where recurrence times for surface-rupturing earthquakes are thousands of years. This suggests a causal role for the Landers earthquake in triggering the Hector Mine earthquake. Previous modeling of the static stress change associated with the Landers earthquake shows that the area of peak Hector Mine slip lies where the Coulomb failure stress promoting right-lateral strike-slip failure was high, but the nucleation point of the Hector Mine rupture was neutrally to weakly promoted, depending on the assumed coefficient of friction. Possible explanations that could account for the 7-year delay between the two ruptures include background tectonic stressing, dissipation of fluid pressure gradients, rate- and state-dependent friction effects, and post-Landers viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle. By employing a viscoelastic model calibrated by geodetic data collected during the time period between the Landers and Hector Mine events, we calculate that postseismic relaxation produced a transient increase in Coulomb failure stress of about 0.7 bars on the impending Hector Mine rupture surface. The increase is greatest over the broad surface that includes the 1999 nucleation point and the site of peak slip further north. Since stress changes of magnitude greater than or equal to 0.1 bar are associated with documented causal fault interactions elsewhere, viscoelastic relaxation likely contributed to the triggering of the Hector Mine earthquake. This interpretation relies on the assumption that the faults occupying the central Mojave Desert (i.e., both the Landers and Hector Mine rupturing faults) were critically stressed just prior to the Landers earthquake.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000918","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Sacks, I.S., 2002, Stress triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by transient deformation following the 1992 Landers earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1487-1496, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000918.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1487","endPage":"1496","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hector Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              33.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              33.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b6be4b08c986b31ce8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sacks, I. S.","contributorId":58038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}