We present a new method to locate low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) within tectonic tremor episodes based on time-reverse imaging techniques. The modified time-reverse imaging technique presented here is the first method that locates individual LFEs within tremor episodes within 5 km uncertainty without relying on high-amplitude P-wave arrivals and that produces similar hypocentral locations to methods that locate events by stacking hundreds of LFEs without having to assume event co-location. In contrast to classic time-reverse imaging algorithms, we implement a modification to the method that searches for phase coherence over a short time period rather than identifying the maximum amplitude of a superpositioned wavefield. The method is independent of amplitude and can help constrain event origin time. The method uses individual LFE origin times, but does not rely on a priori information on LFE templates and families.We apply the method to locate 34 individual LFEs within tremor episodes that occur between 2010 and 2011 on the San Andreas Fault, near Cholame, California. Individual LFE location accuracies range from 2.6 to 5 km horizontally and 4.8 km vertically. Other methods that have been able to locate individual LFEs with accuracy of less than 5 km have mainly used large-amplitude events where a P-phase arrival can be identified. The method described here has the potential to locate a larger number of individual low-amplitude events with only the S-phase arrival. Location accuracy is controlled by the velocity model resolution and the wavelength of the dominant energy of the signal. Location results are also dependent on the number of stations used and are negligibly correlated with other factors such as the maximum gap in azimuthal coverage, source–station distance and signal-to-noise ratio.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggv337","usgsCitation":"Horstmann, T., Harrington, R., and Cochran, E.S., 2015, Using a modified time-reverse imaging technique to locate low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault near Cholame, California: Geophysical Journal International, v. 203, p. 1207-1226, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv337.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1207","endPage":"1226","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060666","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv337","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Cholame","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.43350219726562,\n 35.453398952505275\n ],\n [\n -120.43350219726562,\n 35.655622494585785\n ],\n [\n -120.15541076660156,\n 35.655622494585785\n ],\n [\n -120.15541076660156,\n 35.453398952505275\n ],\n [\n -120.43350219726562,\n 35.453398952505275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"203","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562757ace4b0d158f5926511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horstmann, Tobias","contributorId":53683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horstmann","given":"Tobias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrington, Rebecca M.","contributorId":71089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"Rebecca M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160395,"text":"70160395 - 2015 - Responses of macroinvertebrate community metrics to a wastewater discharge in the Upper Blue River of Kansas and Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T16:20:37","indexId":"70160395","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5025,"text":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of macroinvertebrate community metrics to a wastewater discharge in the Upper Blue River of Kansas and Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"The Blue River Main wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) discharges into the upper Blue River (725 km2), and is recently upgraded to implement biological nutrient removal. We measured biotic condition upstream and downstream of the discharge utilizing the macroinvertebrate protocol developed for Kansas streams. We examined responses of 34 metrics to determine the best indicators for discriminating site differences and for predicting biological condition. Significant differences between sites upstream and downstream of the discharge were identified for 15 metrics in April and 12 metrics in August. Upstream biotic condition scores were significantly greater than scores at both downstream sites in April (p = 0.02), and in August the most downstream site was classified as non-biologically supporting. Thirteen EPT taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) considered intolerant of degraded stream quality were absent at one or both downstream sites. Increases in tolerance metrics and filtering macroinvertebrates, and a decline in ratio of scrapers to filterers all indicated effects of increased nutrient enrichment. Stepwise regressions identified several significant models containing a suite of metrics with low redundancy (R2 = 0.90 - 0.99). Based on the rapid decline in biological condition downstream of the discharge, the level of nutrient removal resulting from the facility upgrade (10% - 20%) was not enough to mitigate negative effects on macroinvertebrate communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research","doi":"10.4236/jwarp.2015.715098","usgsCitation":"Poulton, B.C., Graham, J., Rasmussen, T.J., and Stone, M.L., 2015, Responses of macroinvertebrate community metrics to a wastewater discharge in the Upper Blue River of Kansas and Missouri, USA: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, v. 7, p. 1195-1220, https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2015.715098.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1220","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058489","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2015.715098","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas and Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.5783805847168,\n 38.899316235331575\n ],\n [\n -94.58473205566406,\n 38.89677787400279\n ],\n [\n -94.58610534667969,\n 38.89330417988778\n ],\n [\n -94.58215713500977,\n 38.88689075977245\n ],\n [\n -94.5897102355957,\n 38.8771359067301\n ],\n [\n -94.60533142089844,\n 38.86898356409656\n ],\n [\n -94.61219787597655,\n 38.85976093475425\n ],\n [\n -94.61357116699219,\n 38.84986866947367\n ],\n [\n -94.61580276489256,\n 38.8422480135733\n ],\n [\n -94.6113395690918,\n 38.84131208727261\n ],\n [\n -94.59846496582031,\n 38.85722116008798\n ],\n [\n -94.58232879638672,\n 38.876868631634224\n ],\n [\n -94.57700729370116,\n 38.88648990178886\n ],\n [\n -94.57923889160156,\n 38.894773840440934\n ],\n [\n -94.57769393920897,\n 38.89624347058238\n ],\n [\n -94.5783805847168,\n 38.899316235331575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","edition":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567a8246e4b0a04ef490fd18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":150737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer L.","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, Mandy L. 0000-0002-6711-1536 mstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-1536","contributorId":4409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Mandy","email":"mstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159225,"text":"sir20155128 - 2015 - Storage capacity of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T09:22:29","indexId":"sir20155128","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-19T20:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5128","title":"Storage capacity of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands, 2014","docAbstract":"The Fena Valley Reservoir is in southern Guam and is the primary source of water for the U.S. Naval Base Guam and nearby village residents. Since the construction of the Fena Dam in 1951, sediment has accumulated in the reservoir and reduced its storage capacity. The reservoir was surveyed previously in 1973, 1979, and 1990 to estimate the loss in storage capacity. To determine the current storage capacity, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, surveyed the bathymetry of the reservoir in February 2014.
\nThe bathymetric survey was accomplished by making depth soundings using a boat-mounted, acoustic Doppler current profiler. Location during bathymetric data collection was determined using a single-base Global Navigation Satellite System-Real Time Kinematic survey. Vertical profiles of conductivity, temperature, and depth were collected periodically. The conductivity, temperature, and depth profiles were used to spatially and temporally adjust the sound-speed calculations used to determine depth from the soundings. Approximately 108 kilometers of transects with a total of about 380,000 depth soundings were surveyed. In addition, approximately 2,100 topographic survey points in shallow, wadable areas near the Imong River Delta were defined by using a Global Navigation Satellite System receiver attached to a fixed-length survey rod. Depth soundings and topographic survey points were compiled and interpolated to generate a digital-elevation model of the reservoir. Data extracted from the digital-elevation model were then tabulated to determine total reservoir capacity and create reservoir stage–surface area and stage–storage capacity tables.
\nAnalyses of the bathymetric data indicate that the reservoir currently has 6,915 acre-feet of storage capacity. The engineering drawings of record show that the total reservoir capacity in 1951 was estimated to be 8,365 acre-feet. Thus, between 1951 and 2014, the total storage capacity decreased by 1,450 acre-feet (a loss of 17 percent of the original total storage capacity). The remaining live-storage capacity, or the volume of storage above the lowest-level reservoir outlet elevation, was calculated to be 5,511 acre-feet in 2014, indicating a decrease of 372 acre-feet (or 6 percent) of the original 5,883 acre-feet of live-storage capacity. The remaining dead-storage capacity, or volume of storage below the lowest-level outlet, was 1,404 acre-feet in 2014, indicating a decrease of 1,078 acre-feet (or 43 percent) of the original 2,482 acre-feet of dead-storage capacity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","usgsCitation":"Marineau, M.D., and Wright, S., 2015, Storage capacity of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5128, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155128.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056696","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5128/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5128/sir20155128.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5128"}],"otherGeospatial":"Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.6954345703125,\n 13.338847687855717\n ],\n [\n 144.6954345703125,\n 13.365738086822018\n ],\n [\n 144.70796585083008,\n 13.365738086822018\n ],\n [\n 144.70796585083008,\n 13.338847687855717\n ],\n [\n 144.6954345703125,\n 13.338847687855717\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95829
http://ca.water.usgs.gov
During recent decades, natural resources agency personnel and others involved with the management and stewardship of wildlife have experienced an increasing need to access information and obtain technical assistance for addressing a diverse array of wildlife disease issues. This Chapter provides a broad overview of selected sources for obtaining supplemental information and technical assistance for addressing wildlife disease issues in North America. Specifically, examples of existing major wildlife disease programs focusing on free-ranging wildlife populations are highlighted; training opportunities for enhancing within-agency wildlife disease response are identified; a selected reading list of wildlife disease references is provided; and selected Web sites providing timely information on wildlife disease are highlighted. No attempt is made to detail all the North American programs and capabilities that address disease in free-ranging wildlife populations. Instead, this Chapter is focused on enhancing awareness of the types of capabilities that exist as potential sources for assistance and collaboration between wildlife conservation agency personnel and others in addressing wildlife disease issues.
\nA wide variety of entities across North America are involved in wildlife disease investigations; however, the formal assembly of multidimensional programs that primarily address disease for the benefit of free-ranging wildlife is rather limited. The Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS), the National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC), and the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC) are selected examples. These programs are highlighted because of the scope of their capabilities and long-term involvement in assisting State and Federal natural resource agencies combat wildlife disease. A variety of other sources for possible assistance in addressing wildlife disease issues exists throughout North America and globally. It is prudent for wildlife conservation field biologists, managers, and administrators to be aware of such local resources. Ideally, awareness and knowledge of the types of assistance those programs can provide should be obtained prior to disease crisis events since appropriate, timely intervention often is required to minimize wildlife losses from disease and prevent the establishment of new infectious diseases within wildlife populations and geographic areas. Increasing recognition of the substantial number of infectious diseases being transferred between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans has led to increased collaborative investigations between wildlife, domestic, and human health programs. That collaboration has led to a heightened focus on wildlife disease within some public health and agriculture agencies. For purposes of this Chapter, wildlife disease is narrowly defined as those diseases (infectious and noninfectious) causing morbidity and mortality in free-ranging wildlife populations. Therefore, there is no focus on the numerous fish disease or environmental contaminant programs that exist on behalf of North American fauna.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C: Techniques in disease surveillance and investigation in Book 15: Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm15C9","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 2015, Information resources, in Franson, J.C., Friend, M., Gibbs, S.E.J., and Wild, M.A., eds. Field manual of wildlife diseases: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, 15–C9, 23 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm15c9.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066331","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/c09/tm15-c9.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":310108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/c09/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":310109,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/","text":"Techniques and Methods 15"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 9 of Section C: Techniques in disease surveillance and investigation in Book 15: Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Rd.
Madison, WI 53711–6223
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/
Habitat fragmentation is a fundamental cause of population decline and increased risk of extinction for many wildlife species; animals with large home ranges and small population sizes are particularly sensitive. The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) exists only in small, isolated subpopulations as a result of land clearing for agriculture, but the relative potential for inter-subpopulation movement by Louisiana black bears has not been quantified, nor have characteristics of effective travel routes between habitat fragments been identified. We placed and monitored global positioning system (GPS) radio collars on 8 female and 23 male bears located in 4 subpopulations in Louisiana, which included a reintroduced subpopulation located between 2 of the remnant subpopulations. We compared characteristics of sequential radiolocations of bears (i.e., steps) with steps that were possible but not chosen by the bears to develop step selection function models based on conditional logistic regression. The probability of a step being selected by a bear increased as the distance to natural land cover and agriculture at the end of the step decreased and as distance from roads at the end of a step increased. To characterize connectivity among subpopulations, we used the step selection models to create 4,000 hypothetical correlated random walks for each subpopulation representing potential dispersal events to estimate the proportion that intersected adjacent subpopulations (hereafter referred to as successful dispersals). Based on the models, movement paths for males intersected all adjacent subpopulations but paths for females intersected only the most proximate subpopulations. Cross-validation and genetic and independent observation data supported our findings. Our models also revealed that successful dispersals were facilitated by a reintroduced population located between 2 distant subpopulations. Successful dispersals for males were dependent on natural land cover in private ownership. The addition of hypothetical 1,000-m- or 3,000-m-wide corridors between the 4 study areas had minimal effects on connectivity among subpopulations. For females, our model suggested that habitat between subpopulations would probably have to be permanently occupied for demographic rescue to occur. Thus, the establishment of stepping-stone populations, such as the reintroduced population that we studied, may be a more effective conservation measure than long corridors without a population presence in between.
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Murrow, 2015, Connectivity among subpopulations of Louisiana black bears as estimated by a step selection function: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.955.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063498","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Tensas River Basin, Three Rivers Complex, Upper Atchafalaya River Basin, Lower Atchafalaya River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.42135620117188,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -91.3677978515625,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 32.400834826722196\n ],\n [\n -91.17965698242188,\n 32.265071800242445\n ],\n [\n -91.24420166015624,\n 32.19537080888963\n ],\n [\n -91.3348388671875,\n 32.11631176714\n ],\n [\n -91.40350341796875,\n 32.01855598828661\n ],\n [\n -91.5216064453125,\n 31.989441837922904\n ],\n [\n -91.57791137695312,\n 32.07442922894548\n ],\n [\n -91.55181884765625,\n 32.30338454936734\n ],\n [\n -91.51199340820312,\n 32.37416245209553\n ],\n [\n -91.42135620117188,\n 32.41706632846282\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.09152221679688,\n 30.892797477508154\n ],\n [\n -91.97067260742188,\n 30.89161900878617\n ],\n [\n -91.88552856445312,\n 30.901046352477493\n ],\n [\n -91.76605224609375,\n 30.90811625106069\n ],\n [\n -91.72073364257812,\n 30.878654895778272\n ],\n [\n -91.6644287109375,\n 30.69933500437198\n ],\n [\n -91.66717529296875,\n 30.598911818191965\n ],\n [\n -91.66717529296875,\n 30.518498237455404\n ],\n [\n -91.72760009765624,\n 30.41670336862688\n ],\n [\n -91.87728881835938,\n 30.38709188778112\n ],\n [\n -91.99676513671875,\n 30.4060442699695\n ],\n [\n -92.07092285156249,\n 30.4912844521002\n ],\n [\n -92.1807861328125,\n 30.80555164278596\n ],\n [\n -92.09152221679688,\n 30.892797477508154\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.065673828125,\n 29.826348356278118\n ],\n [\n -91.34582519531249,\n 29.99775972557893\n ],\n [\n -91.42547607421875,\n 30.0286775329042\n ],\n [\n -91.4996337890625,\n 30.07622456354286\n ],\n [\n -91.66168212890625,\n 30.05483122485245\n ],\n [\n -91.74957275390625,\n 29.907329376851553\n ],\n [\n -91.4337158203125,\n 29.62360872200976\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 29.492206334848714\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 29.69759650228319\n ],\n [\n -91.065673828125,\n 29.826348356278118\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.71936035156249,\n 31.60193125799097\n ],\n [\n -91.76467895507812,\n 31.186958816798732\n ],\n [\n -91.88552856445312,\n 31.083517709507184\n ],\n [\n -92.032470703125,\n 31.08116546459057\n ],\n [\n -92.16430664062499,\n 31.135252364697717\n ],\n [\n -92.18765258789061,\n 31.235114421248575\n ],\n [\n -92.20550537109375,\n 31.357155132373343\n ],\n [\n -92.21511840820312,\n 31.481379984249294\n ],\n [\n -91.99264526367186,\n 31.62532121329918\n ],\n [\n -91.93084716796874,\n 31.644028945047847\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 31.6358447754293\n ],\n [\n -91.73583984374999,\n 31.618304843852865\n ],\n [\n -91.71936035156249,\n 31.60193125799097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"8","edition":"1347","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56260618e4b0fb9a11dd75d6","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/jwmg.955","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.955","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Clark Joseph D., Laufenberg Jared S., Davidson Maria, Murrow Jennifer L.","journalName":"The Journal of Wildlife Management","publicationDate":"8/28/2015","auditedOn":"10/5/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jared S. Laufenberg","contributorId":139272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jared S. Laufenberg","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davidson, Maria","contributorId":139273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davidson","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12717,"text":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennifer L. Murrow","contributorId":139274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennifer L. Murrow","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70158592,"text":"fs20153070 - 2015 - myScience—Engaging the public in U.S. Geological Survey science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T12:54:53","indexId":"fs20153070","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-19T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3070","title":"myScience—Engaging the public in U.S. Geological Survey science","docAbstract":"myScience (http://txpub.usgs.gov/myscience/) is a Web application developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Texas Water Science Center through a partnership with the USGS Community for Data Integration to address the need for increasing public awareness and participation in existing USGS citizen science projects. The myScience application contains data for 20 projects available for public participation representing all USGS mission areas. A visitor to the USGS education Web site (http://education.usgs.gov/) can click on the Citizen Science link to search for citizen science projects by topic or location, select a project of interest, and click “Get Involved.” Within the USGS, an internal version of myScience serves to build a community of practice and knowledge sharing among scientists who lead or would like to lead a crowdsourcing project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153070","usgsCitation":"Holl, Sally, 2015, myScience—Engaging the public in U.S. Geological Survey Science: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015–3070, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153070.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068920","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3070/fs20153070.pdf","text":"Report","size":"251 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3070"},{"id":310001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3070/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, Texas 78754–4501
http://tx.usgs.gov/
Discharge, suspended sediment, and salinity data collected between 1997 and 2008 indicate that the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) is an important distributary of river water and suspended sediments to coastal wetlands in south-central coastal Louisiana. Following natural hydraulic gradients, the GIWW passively distributes freshwater and suspended sediments from the Atchafalaya River to areas at least 30 to 50 miles west and east, respectively, of Morgan City. The magnitude and reach of the discharge in the GIWW increase as stage of the Wax Lake Outlet at Calumet and Lower Atchafalaya River (LAR) at Morgan City increase. The magnitude and duration of discharge vary from year to year depending on the flow regime of the Atchafalaya River. Annual discharge of water in the GIWW was greater during years when stage of the LAR remained anomalously high throughout the year, compared with average and peak flood years. During years when Atchafalaya River flow is low, Bayou Boeuf, a waterway draining the Verret subbasin, becomes a major source of water maintaining the eastward flow in the GIWW. The GIWW is the only means of getting river water to some parts of coastal Louisiana.
\nThe length of time stage of the LAR at Morgan City exceeds a given height has increased from the 1940s to 2008. This shift has increased the length of time the GIWW functions as a predictable distributary of river water each year. Similar shifts in the future could be expected to increase the duration and amounts of river water reaching coastal Louisiana wetlands through the GIWW.
\nMedian suspended-sediment concentrations in the GIWW to the west of Morgan City were around 160 milligrams per liter (mg/L). In the GIWW east of Morgan City, median concentrations were 120–160 mg/L, except in Bayou Boeuf at Railroad Bridge in Amelia and the parts of the GIWW between Bayou Boeuf and the Houma Navigation Canal; median concentrations here were around 100 mg/L.
\nRiver water penetrates much of the Louisiana coast, as demonstrated by the large year-to-year fluctuations in salinity regimes of intradistributary basins in response to differences in flow regimes of the Mississippi and the Atchafalaya Rivers. This occurs directly through inflow along the GIWW and through controlled diversions and indirectly by transport into basin interiors after mixing with the Gulf of Mexico. The GIWW plays an important role in moderating salinity in intradistributary basins; for example, salinity in surface waters just south of the GIWW between Bayou Boeuf and the Houma Navigation Canal remained low even during a year with prolonged low water (2000).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155132","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, C.M., and Perrien, S.M., 2015, Discharge, suspended sediment, and salinity in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway and adjacent surface waters in south-central Louisiana, 1997–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5132, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155132.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309802,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5132/sir20155132.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5132"},{"id":309801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5132/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Houma City, Morgan City","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River, Cypremort Point, Bayou Lafourche, Verret subbasin, Barataria Basin, Terrebonne Basin, Vermilion-Teche Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 30.65681556429287\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 30.65681556429287\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3535 S. Sherwood Forest Blvd., Suite 120
Baton Rouge, LA 70816
http://la.water.usgs.gov/
The extent, hydrogeologic framework, and potential well yields of valley-fill aquifers within a 151-square-mile area of eastern Chemung County, New York, were investigated, and the upland distribution of till thickness over bedrock was characterized. The hydrogeologic framework of these valleyfill aquifers was interpreted from multiple sources of surficial and subsurface data and an interpretation of the origin of the glacial deposits, particularly during retreat of glacial ice from the region. Potential yields of screened wells are based on the hydrogeologic framework interpretation and existing well-yield data, most of which are from wells finished with open-ended well casing.
\nWater-resource potential is greatest within saturated sand and gravel in the Chemung River valley (nearly 1 mile wide), especially where induced infiltration of additional water from the Chemung River is possible. The second most favorable area is the Newtown Creek valley at the confluence of Newtown Creek with North Branch Newtown Creek east of Horseheads, N.Y. Extensive sand and gravel deposits within the Breesport, N.Y., area are largely unsaturated but may have greater saturation along the east side of Jackson Creek immediately north of Breesport. Till deposits confine sand and gravel along Newtown Creek at Erin, N.Y., and along much of the upper reach of North Branch Newtown Creek; this confining unit may limit recharge and potential well yield. The north-south oriented valleys of Baldwin and Wynkoop Creeks end at notched divides that imply input of glacial meltwater and limited sediment from outside of the present watersheds. These two valleys are relatively narrow but contain variably sorted sand and gravel, which, in places, may be capable of supplying modest-size community water systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Heisig, P.M., 2015, Hydrogeology of valley-fill aquifers and adjacent areas in eastern Chemung County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5092, 19 p. plus appendix and 1 pl., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155092.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Plate: 36 x 48 inches; HTML Document; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056841","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5092/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5092/pdf/sir20155092.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5092"},{"id":310039,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5092/plate.html","text":"SIR 2015-5092 - Plate Instructions","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2015-5092"},{"id":310048,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5092/pdf/sir20155092_plate1.pdf","text":"SIR 2015-5092 - Plate 1 - 36” x 48”","size":"63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5092"},{"id":310040,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5092/attachments/sir20155092_appendix1.xlsx","text":"SIR 2015-5092 - Appendix 1","size":"86 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5092"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Chemung County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.53051757812499,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -77.53051757812499,\n 42.706659563510385\n ],\n [\n -76.22863769531249,\n 42.706659563510385\n ],\n [\n -76.22863769531249,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -77.53051757812499,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180-8349
(518) 285-5602
Visit our Web site at:
http://ny.water.usgs.gov
The Alamosa 30'× 60' quadrangle is located in the central San Luis Basin of southern Colorado and is bisected by the Rio Grande. The Rio Grande has headwaters in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado and ultimately discharges into the Gulf of Mexico 3,000 kilometers (km) downstream. Alluvial floodplains and associated deposits of the Rio Grande and east-draining tributaries, La Jara Creek and Conejos River, occupy the north-central and northwestern part of the map area. Alluvial deposits of west-draining Rio Grande tributaries, Culebra and Costilla Creeks, bound the Costilla Plain in the south-central part of the map area. The San Luis Hills, a northeast-trending series of flat-topped mesas and hills, dominate the landscape in the central and southwestern part of the map and preserve fault-bound Neogene basin surfaces and deposits. The Precambrian-cored Sangre de Cristo Mountains rise to an elevation of nearly 4,300 meters (m), almost 2,000 m above the valley floor, in the eastern part of the map area. In total, the map area contains deposits that record surficial, tectonic, sedimentary, volcanic, magmatic, and metamorphic processes over the past 1.7 billion years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3342","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.A., Shroba, R.R., Machette, M.N., Fridrich, C.J., Brandt, T.R., and Cosca, M.A., 2015, Geologic map of the Alamosa 30’ × 60’ quadrangle, south-central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3342, 23 p., scale 1:100,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3342. (Supersedes Open-File Report 2005–1392, and Open-File Report 2008–1124.)","productDescription":"Report: iv, 22 p.; 2 Plates: 56.00 x 39.74 inches; Metadata; Spatial Data; Read Me","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059975","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309828,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3342/sim3342.met"},{"id":309827,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3342/00ReadMe.txt","size":"8.46 kB","description":"SIM 3342 Read Me"},{"id":309826,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3342/datafiles","text":"Geospatial database"},{"id":309825,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3342/sim3342_map_hillshade.pdf","text":"Map with hillshade","size":"106 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3342 Map Hillshade"},{"id":309824,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3342/sim3342_map.pdf","text":"Map","size":"83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3343 Plate"},{"id":309823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3342/sim3342.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3342"},{"id":309822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3342/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Alamosa, Rio Grand River, San Juan Mountains, San Luis,","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.32568359375,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -106.32568359375,\n 37.898697801966094\n ],\n [\n -104.80957031249999,\n 37.898697801966094\n ],\n [\n -104.80957031249999,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -106.32568359375,\n 36.99816565700228\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
http://gec.cr.usgs.gov/
Counter-current heat exchangers associated with appendages of endotherms feature bundles of closely applied arteriovenous vessels. The accepted paradigm is that heat from warm arterial blood travelling into the appendage crosses into cool venous blood returning to the body. High core temperature is maintained, but the appendage functions at low temperature. Leatherback turtles have elevated core temperatures in cold seawater and arteriovenous plexuses at the roots of all four limbs. We demonstrate that plexuses of the hindlimbs are situated wholly within the hip musculature, and that, at the distal ends of the plexuses, most blood vessels supply or drain the hip muscles, with little distal vascular supply to, or drainage from the limb blades. Venous blood entering a plexus will therefore be drained from active locomotory muscles that are overlaid by thick blubber when the adults are foraging in cold temperate waters. Plexuses maintain high limb muscle temperature and avoid excessive loss of heat to the core, the reverse of the accepted paradigm. Plexuses protect the core from overheating generated by muscular thermogenesis during nesting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2015.0592","usgsCitation":"Davenport, J., Jones, T., Work, T.M., and Balazs, G.H., 2015, Topsy-turvy: Turning the counter-current heat exchange of leatherback turtles upside down: Biology Letters, v. 11, no. 10, e0592, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0592.","productDescription":"e0592","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059965","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0592","text":"External Repository"},{"id":309906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620c028e4b06217fc478aaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davenport, John","contributorId":68643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davenport","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, T. Todd","contributorId":61334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"T. Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balazs, George H.","contributorId":88195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balazs","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159054,"text":"70159054 - 2015 - Identifying block structure in the Pacific Northwest, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T13:33:47","indexId":"70159054","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-15T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying block structure in the Pacific Northwest, USA","docAbstract":"We have identified block structure in the Pacific Northwest (west of 116°W between 38°N and 49°N) by clustering GPS stations so that the same Euler vector approximates the velocity of each station in a cluster. Given the total number k of clusters desired, the clustering procedure finds the best assignment of stations to clusters. Clustering is calculated for k= 2 to 14. In geographic space, cluster boundaries that remain relatively stable as k is increased are tentatively identified as block boundaries. That identification is reinforced if the cluster boundary coincides with a geologic feature. Boundaries identified in northern California and Nevada are the Central Nevada Seismic Belt, the west side of the Northern Walker Lane Belt, and the Bartlett Springs Fault. Three blocks cover all of Oregon and Washington. The principal block boundary there extends west-northwest along the Brothers Fault Zone, then north and northwest along the eastern boundary of Siletzia, the accreted oceanic basement of the forearc. East of this boundary is the Intermountain block, its eastern boundary undefined. A cluster boundary at Cape Blanco subdivides the forearc along the faulted southern margin of Siletzia. South of Cape Blanco the Klamath Mountains-Basin and Range block extends east to the Central Nevada Seismic Belt and south to the Sierra Nevada-Great Valley block. The Siletzia block north of Cape Blanco coincides almost exactly with the accreted Siletz terrane. The cluster boundary in the eastern Olympic Peninsula may mark permanent shortening of Siletzia against the Intermountain block.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012277","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., and Wells, R.E., 2015, Identifying block structure in the Pacific Northwest, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 120, no. 11, p. 7905-7916, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012277.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"7905","endPage":"7916","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069469","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012277","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.61767578124999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -118.85009765625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 48.472921272487824\n ],\n [\n -120.25634765624999,\n 46.965259400349275\n ],\n [\n -120.73974609374999,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 42.94033923363183\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -117.92724609375,\n 40.12849105685408\n ],\n [\n -117.31201171875001,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -117.92724609375,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 37.405073750176946\n ],\n [\n -123.50830078125,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -123.85986328124999,\n 39.095962936305504\n ],\n [\n -123.99169921875,\n 39.825413103424786\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 40.396764305572056\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 41.80407814427237\n ],\n [\n -124.69482421875,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 43.75522505306928\n ],\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 47.53203824675999\n ],\n [\n -124.87060546874999,\n 48.06339653776211\n ],\n [\n -125.61767578124999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620c026e4b06217fc478aa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":141072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159139,"text":"70159139 - 2015 - Petrology and diagenetic history of the upper shale member of the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T10:21:03","indexId":"70159139","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-15T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and diagenetic history of the upper shale member of the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota","docAbstract":"The organic-rich upper shale member of the upper Devonian–lower Mississippian Bakken Formation (Williston Basin, North Dakota, USA) has undergone significant diagenetic alteration, irrespective of catagenesis related to hydrocarbon generation. Alteration includes precipitation of numerous cements, replacement of both detrital and authigenic minerals, multiple episodes of fracturing, and compaction. Quartz authigenesis occurred throughout much of the member, and is represented by multiple generations of microcrystalline quartz. Chalcedonic quartz fills radiolarian microfossils and is present in the matrix. Sulfide minerals include pyrite and sphalerite. Carbonate diagenesis is volumetrically minor and includes thin dolomite overgrowths and calcite cement. At least two generations of fractures are observed. Based on the authigenic minerals and their relative timing of formation, the evolution of pore waters can be postulated. Dolomite and calcite resulted from early postdepositional aerobic oxidation of some of the abundant organic material in the formation. Following aerobic oxidation, conditions became anoxic and sulfide minerals precipitated. Transformation of the originally opaline tests of radiolaria resulted in precipitation of quartz, and quartz authigenesis is most common in more distal parts of the depositional basin where radiolaria were abundant. Because quartz authigenesis is related to the distribution of radiolaria, there is a link between diagenesis and depositional environment. Furthermore, much of the diagenesis in the upper shale member preceded hydrocarbon generation, so early postdepositional processes were responsible for occlusion of significant original porosity in the member. Thus, diagenetic mineral precipitation was at least partly responsible for the limited ability of these mudstones to provide porosity for storage of hydrocarbons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2515(07)","usgsCitation":"Fishman, N.S., Egenhoff, S.O., Boehlke, A., and Lowers, H., 2015, Petrology and diagenetic history of the upper shale member of the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota: GSA Special Papers, v. 515, p. 125-151, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2515(07).","productDescription":"27 p","startPage":"125","endPage":"151","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055258","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.051513671875,\n 47.137424646293866\n ],\n [\n -104.051513671875,\n 48.38544219115486\n ],\n [\n -102.249755859375,\n 48.38544219115486\n ],\n [\n -102.249755859375,\n 47.137424646293866\n ],\n [\n -104.051513671875,\n 47.137424646293866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"515","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56221fb4e4b06217fc479227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, Neil S.","contributorId":149263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fishman","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17690,"text":"Hess Corp.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Egenhoff, Sven O.","contributorId":149264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egenhoff","given":"Sven","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boehlke, Adam 0000-0003-4980-431X aboehlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-431X","contributorId":3470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehlke","given":"Adam","email":"aboehlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. hlowers@usgs.gov","contributorId":149265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather A.","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159124,"text":"70159124 - 2015 - Interactive effects of climate change with nutrients, mercury, and freshwater acidification on key taxa in the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:31:42","indexId":"70159124","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of climate change with nutrients, mercury, and freshwater acidification on key taxa in the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative region","docAbstract":"The North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative LCC (NA LCC) is a public–private partnership that provides information to support conservation decisions that may be affected by global climate change (GCC) and other threats. The NA LCC region extends from southeast Virginia to the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Within this region, the US National Climate Assessment documented increases in air temperature, total precipitation, frequency of heavy precipitation events, and rising sea level, and predicted more drastic changes. Here, we synthesize literature on the effects of GCC interacting with selected contaminant, nutrient, and environmental processes to adversely affect natural resources within this region. Using a case study approach, we focused on 3 stressors with sufficient NA LCC region-specific information for an informed discussion. We describe GCC interactions with a contaminant (Hg) and 2 complex environmental phenomena—freshwater acidification and eutrophication. We also prepared taxa case studies on GCC- and GCC-contaminant/nutrient/process effects on amphibians and freshwater mussels. Several avian species of high conservation concern have blood Hg concentrations that have been associated with reduced nesting success. Freshwater acidification has adversely affected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the Adirondacks and other areas of the region that are slowly recovering due to decreased emissions of N and sulfur oxides. Eutrophication in many estuaries within the region is projected to increase from greater storm runoff and less denitrification in riparian wetlands. Estuarine hypoxia may be exacerbated by increased stratification. Elevated water temperature favors algal species that produce harmful algal blooms (HABs). In several of the region's estuaries, HABs have been associated with bird die-offs. In the NA LCC region, amphibian populations appear to be declining. Some species may be adversely affected by GCC through higher temperatures and more frequent droughts. GCC may affect freshwater mussel populations via altered stream temperatures and increased sediment loading during heavy storms. Freshwater mussels are sensitive to un-ionized ammonia that more toxic at higher temperatures. We recommend studying the interactive effects of GCC on generation and bioavailability of methylmercury and how GCC-driven shifts in bird species distributions will affect avian exposure to methylmercury. Research is needed on how decreases in acid deposition concurrent with GCC will alter the structure and function of sensitive watersheds and surface waters. Studies are needed to determine how GCC will affect HABs and avian disease, and how more severe and extensive hypoxia will affect fish and shellfish populations. Regarding amphibians, we suggest research on 1) thermal tolerance and moisture requirements of species of concern, 2) effects of multiple stressors (temperature, desiccation, contaminants, nutrients), and 3) approaches to mitigate impacts of increased temperature and seasonal drought. We recommend studies to assess which mussel species and populations are vulnerable and which are resilient to rising stream temperatures, hydrological shifts, and ionic pollutants, all of which are influenced by GCC.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ieam.1612","usgsCitation":"Pinkney, A.E., Driscoll, C.T., Evers, D.C., Hooper, M.J., Horan, J., Jones, J.W., Lazarus, R.S., Marshall, H.G., Milliken, A., Rattner, B.A., Schmerfeld, J.J., and Sparling, D.W., 2015, Interactive effects of climate change with nutrients, mercury, and freshwater acidification on key taxa in the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative region: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 11, no. 3, p. 355-369, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1612.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"369","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056335","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1612","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.596435546875,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -77.596435546875,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -75.245361328125,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -75.245361328125,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -77.596435546875,\n 36.500805317604794\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56221fafe4b06217fc47921b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinkney, Alfred 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04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hooper, Michael J. 0000-0002-4161-8961 mhooper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-8961","contributorId":3251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Michael","email":"mhooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horan, Jeffrey","contributorId":174076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horan","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Jess W.","contributorId":84279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jess","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lazarus, Rebecca S. 0000-0003-1731-6469 rlazarus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-6469","contributorId":5594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Rebecca","email":"rlazarus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marshall, Harold G.","contributorId":174077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Milliken, Andrew","contributorId":174078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milliken","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schmerfeld, John J.","contributorId":127382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmerfeld","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sparling, Donald W.","contributorId":7220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70173436,"text":"70173436 - 2015 - Landscape-scale determinants of native and nonnative Great Plains fish distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T15:33:04","indexId":"70173436","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape-scale determinants of native and nonnative Great Plains fish distributions","docAbstract":"Landscape-scale factors may have differential effects on the distribution of native and non-native fishes and may help explain invasion success and species declines.
\nGreat Plains, Wyoming, USA
\nWe used hierarchical Bayesian mixture models and constrained ordination techniques to evaluate associations between landscape-scale factors on native and non-native fish species richness, reproductive guilds and individual species distributions.
\nPredicted responses between landscape-scale factors and native and non-native fish species richness were similar, except non-native fish species richness that was positively associated with density of oil and gas wells. Non-native fish species richness was also positively associated with native fish species richness. Spawning guild composition differed between native and non-native fishes. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the most abundant non-native and only a few native species were positively associated with oil and gas wells.
\nThe similar relationships between native and non-native fish species richness are likely evidence that they share similar ecological rules, which supports that non-native species become naturalized and they may be affected by the same environmental factors that determine distribution of native species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12383","usgsCitation":"Stewart, D., Walters, A.W., and Rahel, F.J., 2015, Landscape-scale determinants of native and nonnative Great Plains fish distributions: Diversity and Distributions, v. 22, no. 2, p. 225-238, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12383.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"238","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063585","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12383","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57612ab2e4b04f417c2ce4b7","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/ddi.12383","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12383","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Stewart David R., Walters Annika W., Rahel Frank J.","journalName":"Diversity and Distributions","publicationDate":"10/15/2015","auditedOn":"11/17/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, David R.","contributorId":141323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rahel, Frank J.","contributorId":171824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rahel","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70158634,"text":"ofr20151193 - 2015 - Hindcast storm events in the Bering Sea for the St. Lawrence Island and Unalakleet Regions, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T12:38:19","indexId":"ofr20151193","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-14T18:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1193","title":"Hindcast storm events in the Bering Sea for the St. Lawrence Island and Unalakleet Regions, Alaska","docAbstract":"This study provides viable estimates of historical storm-induced water levels in the coastal communities of Gambell and Savoonga situated on St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea, as well as Unalakleet located at the head of Norton Sound on the western coast of Alaska. Gambell, Savoonga, and Unalakleet are small Native Villages that are regularly impacted by coastal storms but where little quantitative information about these storms exists. The closest continuous water-level gauge is at Nome, located more than 200 kilometers from both St. Lawrence Island and Unalakleet. In this study, storms are identified and quantified using historical atmospheric and sea-ice data and then used as boundary conditions for a suite of numerical models. The work includes storm-surge (temporary rise in water levels due to persistent strong winds and low atmospheric pressures) modeling in the Bering Strait region, as well as modeling of wave runup along specified sections of the coast in Gambell and Unalakleet. Modeled historical water levels are used to develop return periods of storm surge and storm surge plus wave runup at key locations in each community. It is anticipated that the results will fill some of the data void regarding coastal flood data in western Alaska and be used for production of coastal vulnerability maps and community planning efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151193","usgsCitation":"Erikson, L., McCall, R.T., van Rooijen, A., and Norris, B., 2015, Hindcast storm events in the Bering Sea for the St. Lawrence Island and Unalakleet Regions, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1193, vii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151193.","productDescription":"vii, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059633","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1193/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1193/ofr20151193.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1192"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, St. Lawrence Island, Unalakleet Regions","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.87011718749997,\n 63.84066844285508\n ],\n [\n -171.36474609375,\n 63.75334975181205\n ],\n [\n -171.01318359374997,\n 63.6949869286095\n ],\n [\n -170.595703125,\n 63.80189351770543\n ],\n [\n -169.892578125,\n 63.66576033778838\n ],\n [\n -169.56298828124997,\n 63.470144746565445\n ],\n [\n -168.64013671875,\n 63.37183226679281\n ],\n [\n -168.55224609375,\n 63.05495931065107\n ],\n [\n -169.21142578125,\n 63.06491420208559\n ],\n [\n -169.56298828124997,\n 62.865168668923125\n ],\n [\n -170.22216796875,\n 62.94523066452288\n ],\n [\n -170.52978515624997,\n 63.22373025329546\n ],\n [\n -171.2109375,\n 63.28306240110864\n ],\n [\n -171.54052734375,\n 63.22373025329546\n ],\n [\n -172.06787109375,\n 63.361982464431236\n ],\n [\n -171.87011718749997,\n 63.84066844285508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.69677734375,\n 64.74601725111455\n ],\n [\n -161.38916015625,\n 64.830253743883\n ],\n [\n -160.7080078125,\n 64.830253743883\n ],\n [\n -160.55419921875,\n 64.67091929440798\n ],\n [\n -160.59814453125,\n 64.37794095121995\n ],\n [\n -160.75195312499997,\n 64.20637724320852\n ],\n [\n -161.25732421875,\n 64.07219957867284\n ],\n [\n -162.09228515625,\n 64.19681461100495\n ],\n [\n -161.982421875,\n 64.58618480339979\n ],\n [\n -161.806640625,\n 64.74601725111455\n ],\n [\n -161.69677734375,\n 64.74601725111455\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Needles, began a study of the hydrogeology along the All-American Canal, which conveys water from the Colorado River to the Imperial Valley. The focus of this study was to gain a better understanding of the effect of lining the All-American Canal, and other management actions, on future total dissolved solids concentrations in groundwater pumped by Lower Colorado Water Supply Project wells that is delivered to the All-American Canal. The study included the compilation and evaluation of previously published hydrogeologic and geochemical information, establishment of a groundwater-elevation and groundwater-quality monitoring network, results of monitoring groundwater elevations and groundwater quality from 2009 to 2011, site-specific hydrologic investigations of the Lower Colorado Water Supply Project area, examination of groundwater salinity by depth by using time-domain electromagnetic surveys, and monitoring of groundwater-storage change by using microgravity methods.
\nPrior to the completion of the All-American Canal in 1940, groundwater in the study area flowed from east to west, and groundwater was recharged primarily by underflow from the Colorado River Valley. After construction of the All-American Canal, groundwater elevations were altered in the study area as seepage of Colorado River water from the All-American Canal and other canals became the dominant recharge source. By 2005, groundwater elevations had increased by as much as 50–70 feet along the All-American Canal. Superimposed on the east-to-west groundwater gradient was groundwater movement away from the All-American Canal to the north and, most likely, to the south into Mexico. After lining the All-American Canal, from 2007 to 2010, groundwater elevations declined as seepage from the All-American Canal decreased. Between 2005 (the last complete groundwater-elevation survey prior to lining the All-American Canal) and 2011, groundwater elevations declined 20–40 feet along the All-American Canal and as much as 40–45 feet in the vicinity of Lower Colorado Water Supply Project pumping wells.
\nWater-quality and isotope data were used to differentiate historically recharged groundwater from groundwater more recently recharged by seepage of Colorado River surface water from the All-American Canal. Prior to the completion of the All-American Canal in 1940, groundwater in the southern part of the study area was primarily sodium-chloride/sulfate type water that had relatively low total dissolved solids concentrations (500–820 milligrams per liter). During 2007–11, groundwater in the southern part of the study area, near the All-American Canal, ranged from sodium-chloride type water to mixed-cation-sulfate type water that had total dissolved solids concentrations generally less than 879 milligrams per liter. The stable-isotopic signature of groundwater near the All-American Canal sampled in 2009–11 indicated inputs of Colorado River water that had been affected by evaporation, and radioactive isotopes indicated that a substantial fraction of water had been recharged recently, within the past 60 years. This contrasted with historically recharged groundwater near the All-American Canal, which had higher sodium and chloride concentrations, and lower calcium and sulfate concentrations, than recent recharge from the All-American Canal.
\nGroundwater at a distance from the All-American Canal, in the East Mesa, Algodones Dunes, Pilot Knob Mesa, and Cargo Muchacho Mountains piedmont, was found to have higher total dissolved solids concentrations (generally greater than 1,000 milligrams per liter) than recently recharged groundwater near the All-American Canal. Time-domain electromagnetic data indicated that low-salinity groundwater was present down to about 377 feet below land surface near the All-American Canal; groundwater salinity at depth increased with distance north from the All-American Canal. Groundwater several miles or more from the canal also did not contain tritium and had a residence time on the order of thousands to tens of thousands of years. The groundwater in the piedmont of the Cargo Muchacho Mountains had a distinctly light stable-isotopic signature indicative of recharge by runoff from local precipitation, whereas the stable isotopic signature of groundwater in the East Mesa and the Algodones Dunes indicated a mixture of local precipitation and historic Colorado River recharge sources.
\nDuring and after lining the All-American Canal (2007–11), groundwater elevations in the Lower Colorado Water Supply Project area declined, while total dissolved solids concentrations remained relatively constant. The total dissolved solids concentrations in well LCWSP-2 ranged from 650 to 800 milligrams per liter during this study. Depth-specific water-quality and isotope sampling at well LCWSP-2 indicated the groundwater pumped from the deeper part of the screened interval (240–280 feet below land surface) contained a greater proportion of historical groundwater than the groundwater pumped from the shallower part of the screened interval (350–385 feet below land surface). Age-tracer data at well LCWSP-2 indicated that all depths of the screened interval had received recent recharge from seepage of Colorado River water from the All-American Canal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Needles, California","usgsCitation":"Coes, A.L., Land, M., Densmore, J.N., Landrum, M.T., Beisner, K.R., Kennedy, J.R., Macy, J.P., and Tillman, F., 2015, Initial characterization of the groundwater system near the Lower Colorado Water Supply Project, Imperial Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5102, Report: viii, 59 p.; Appendix: 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155102.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 59 p.; Appendix: 1","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-019073","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309788,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5102/sir20155102_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"56 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5102 Appendix 1"},{"id":309894,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5102/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":309787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5102/sir20155102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5102"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.87829589843751,\n 32.72721987021932\n ],\n [\n -115.87829589843751,\n 33.06852769197118\n ],\n [\n -114.71923828124999,\n 33.06852769197118\n ],\n [\n -114.71923828124999,\n 32.72721987021932\n ],\n [\n -115.87829589843751,\n 32.72721987021932\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
http://ca.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, constructed Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System models to estimate daily streamflow for nine river basins in eastern Iowa that drain into the Mississippi River. The models are part of a suite of methods for estimating daily streamflow at ungaged sites. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed- parameter, physical-process-based modeling system developed to evaluate the response of streamflow and general drainage basin hydrology to various combinations of climate and land use. Calibration and validation periods used in each basin mostly were October 1, 2002, through September 30, 2012, but differed depending on the period of record available for daily mean streamflow measurements at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations.
\nA geographic information system tool was used to delineate each basin and estimate values for model parameters based on basin physical and geographical features. A U.S. Geological Survey auto-calibration tool that uses a shuffled complex evolution algorithm was used for initial calibration, and then manual modifications were made to parameter values to complete the calibration of each basin model. The main objective of the calibration was to match daily discharge values of simulated streamflow to measured daily discharge values.
\nThe accuracy of Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model streamflow estimates of nine river basins in eastern Iowa as compared to measured values at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations varied. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System models of nine river basins in eastern Iowa were satisfactory at estimating daily streamflow at 57 of the 79 calibration sites and 13 of the 14 validation sites based on statistical results. Unsatisfactory performance can be contributed to several factors: (1) low flow, no flow, and flashy flow conditions in headwater subbasins having a small drainage area; (2) poor representation of the groundwater and storage components of flow within a basin; (3) lack of accounting for basin withdrawals and water use; and (4) the availability and accuracy of meteorological input data. The Precipitation- Runoff Modeling System models of nine river basins in eastern Iowa will provide water-resource managers with a consistent and documented method for estimating streamflow at ungaged sites and aid in environmental studies, hydraulic design, water management, and water-quality projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Haj, A.E., Christiansen, D.E., and Hutchinson, K.J., 2015, Simulation of daily streamflow for nine river basins in eastern\nIowa using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report\n2015–5129, 29 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155129.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067401","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5129/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309819,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5129/sir20155129.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5129"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.263427734375,\n 43.810747313446996\n ],\n [\n -96.04248046875,\n 43.96909818325174\n ],\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -92.64770507812499,\n 40.59727063442027\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 41.3025710943056\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 41.45919537950706\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -90.120849609375,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 42.35042512243457\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 42.62587560259137\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -91.175537109375,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 43.31718491566708\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 43.46089378008257\n ],\n [\n -91.263427734375,\n 43.810747313446996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Iowa Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 1230
Iowa City, IA 52244
http://ia.water.usgs.gov/
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated a mean of 23.9 trillion cubic feet of technically recoverable shale gas resources in Paleozoic formations in the Sichuan Basin of China.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153053","usgsCitation":"Potter, C.J., Schenk, C.J., Charpentier, R.R., Gaswirth, S.B., Klett, T.R., Leathers, H.M., Brownfield, M.E., Mercier, T.J., Tennyson, M.E., and Pitman, J.K., 2015, Assessment of Paleozoic shale gas resources in the Sichuan Basin of China, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015–3053, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153053.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066165","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309747,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3053/fs20153053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3053"},{"id":309746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3053/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Sichuan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 107.51220703125,\n 31.44741029142872\n ],\n [\n 106.54541015625,\n 32.194208672875384\n ],\n [\n 105.029296875,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n 103.0078125,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n 103.90869140625,\n 29.209713225868185\n ],\n [\n 105.35888671875,\n 28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n 107.9296875,\n 29.878755346037977\n ],\n [\n 108.69873046875,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n 109.4677734375,\n 30.883369321692268\n ],\n [\n 109.48974609375,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n 107.51220703125,\n 31.44741029142872\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://energy.usgs.gov/
The use of acoustic and other parameters as surrogates for suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC) in rivers has been successful in multiple applications across the Nation. Tools to process and evaluate the data are critical to advancing the operational use of surrogates along with the subsequent development of regression models from which real-time sediment concentrations can be made available to the public. Recent developments in both areas are having an immediate impact on surrogate research and on surrogate monitoring sites currently (2015) in operation.
\nThe Surrogate Analysis and Index Developer (SAID) standalone tool, under development by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), assists in the creation of linear regression models that relate constituent and surrogate parameters by providing visual and quantitative diagnostics to the user. SAID also processes acoustic parameters to be used as explanatory variables for SSC. The sediment acoustic method utilizes acoustic parameters from fixed-mount stationary equipment. The theory and method used by the SAID tool have been described in recent publications. The tool also serves to support sediment-acoustic-index methods and other surrogate guidelines such as turbidity and SSC (Rasmussen and others, 2009).
\nThe regression models created in SAID can be used in utilities that have been developed to work with the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) and for the USGS National Real-Time Water Quality (NRTWQ) Web site. The real-time dissemination of predicted SSC and prediction intervals for each time step has substantial potential to improve understanding of sediment-related water quality and associated engineering and ecological management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151177","collaboration":"Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project and Midwest Region River Sediments and Nutrients Investigations Initiative","usgsCitation":"Domanski, M.M., Straub, T.D., and Landers, M.N., 2015, Surrogate Analysis and Index Developer (SAID) tool (version 1.0, September 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1177, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151177.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066947","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1177/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309367,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1177/ofr20151177.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1177"},{"id":309845,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/osw/SALT/SAID/","text":"The Surrogate Analysis and Index Developer (SAID) Tool","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1177"}],"contact":"Director, llinois Water Science Center
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
http://il.water.usgs.gov/
Digital flood-inundation maps for a 5.3-mile reach of South Fork Peachtree Creek that extends from about 500 feet above the Brockett Road bridge to the Willivee Drive bridge were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with DeKalb County, Georgia. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at South Fork Peachtree at Casa Drive, near Clarkston, Georgia (02336152). Real-time stage information from this USGS streamgage may be obtained at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ and can be used in conjunction with these maps to estimate near real-time areas of inundation. The National Weather Service (NWS) is incorporating results from this study into the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood-warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/).
\nA one-dimensional step-backwater model was developed using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC–RAS software for South Fork Peachtree Creek and was used to compute flood profiles for a 5.3-mile reach of South Fork Peachtree Creek. The model was calibrated using the most current (2015) stage-discharge relation at the USGS streamgage South Fork Peachtree at Casa Drive, near Clarkston, Georgia (02336152). The hydraulic model was then used to simulate 13 water-surface profiles at 0.5-foot intervals at the South Fork Peachtree Creek near Clarkston streamgage. The profiles ranged from just above bankfull stage (6.0 feet) to approximately 3.21 feet above the highest recorded water level (12.0 feet). The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model—derived from light detection and ranging data having a 5.0-foot horizontal resolution—to delineate the area flooded at each 0.5-foot interval of stream stage.
\nThe availability of these flood-inundation maps, when combined with real-time stage information from USGS streamgages, provides emergency management personnel and residents with critical information during flood-response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, in addition to post-flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3347","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with DeKalb County, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Musser, J.W., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for South Fork Peachtree Creek from the Brockett Road bridge to the Willivee Drive bridge, DeKalb County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3347, 13 sheets, 10-p. pamphlet, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3347.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 10 p.; 13 Sheets: 30.50 x 21.00 inches; Metadata; Raw Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068577","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309770,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3347/pdf/sim3347_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet05 - Gage height of 8.0 feet and an elevation of 940.2 feet at streamgage 02336152","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3347"},{"id":309771,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3347/pdf/sim3347_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet06 - 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http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
No abstract available.
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Rick Jr.","contributorId":42297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berquist","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karst, Adam T.","contributorId":194018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karst","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159144,"text":"70159144 - 2015 - Compound-specific sulfur isotope analysis of thiadiamondoids of oils from the Smackover Formation, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T10:48:49","indexId":"70159144","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-14T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compound-specific sulfur isotope analysis of thiadiamondoids of oils from the Smackover Formation, USA","docAbstract":"Thiadiamondoids (TDs) are diamond-like compounds with a sulfide bond located within the cage structure. These compounds were suggested as a molecular proxy for the occurrence and extent of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Compound-specific sulfur-isotope analysis of TDs may create a multi-parameter system, based on molecular and δ34S values that may be sensitive over a wider range of TSR and thermal maturation stages. In this study, we analyzed a suite of 12 Upper Jurassic oil and condensate samples generated from source rocks in the Smackover Formation to perform a systematic study of the sulfur isotope distribution in thiadiamondoids (one and two cages). For comparison we measured the δ34S composition of benzothiophenes (BTs) and dibenzothiophenes (DBTs). We also conducted pyrolysis experiments with petroleum and model compounds to have an insight into the formation mechanisms of TDs. The δ34S of the TDs varied significantly (ca 30‰) between the different oils depending on the degree of TSR alteration. The results showed that within the same oil, the one-cage TDs were relatively uniform, with 34S enriched values similar to those of the coexisting BTs. The two-cage TDs had more variable δ34S values that range from the δ34S values of BTs to those of the DBTs, but with general 34S depletion relative to one cage TDs. Hydrous pyrolysis experiments (360 °C, 40 h) with either CaSO4 or elemental S (equivalent S molar concentrations) and adamantane as a model compound demonstrate the formation of one cage TDs in relatively low yields (<0.2%). Higher concentrations of TDs were observed in the elemental sulfur experiments, most likely because of the higher rates of reaction with adamantane under these experimental conditions. These results show that the formation of TDs is not exclusive to TSR reactions, and that they can also form by reaction with reduced S species apart from sulfate reduction, though at low yields. Oxygenated compounds, most notably 2-thiaadamantanone and phenol, were also formed during these pyrolysis experiments. This may represent the first stage in the formation of sulfurized compounds and the oxidation of organic matter under TSR conditions. Pyrolysis experiments with elemental S and a TD-enriched oil showed that the δ34S values of the TDs did not change, whereas the BTs did change significantly. It is therefore concluded that TDs do not exchange S atoms with coexisting inorganic reduced sulfur species. They can only change their δ34S values via addition of newly generated TDs that form predominantly during TSR. We therefore suggest that TDs will preserve their δ34S values even under high-temperature reservoir conditions and will reflect the original sulfates δ34S value. The combination of TDs, BTs, and DBTs δ34S values and concentrations allowed for a more reliable detection of the occurrence and extent of TSR than either proxy alone. It showed that except for two oils, all of the oils that were measured in this study were affected by TSR or TSR-sourced H2S, to some degree. It is still not known if some of the oils with the lower concentrations of TDs and enriched δ34S values (close to sulfate minerals) were affected by TSR or by a secondary charge of 34S-enriched H2S.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2015.07.008","usgsCitation":"Gvirtzman, Z., Said-Ahmad, W., Ellis, G.S., Hill, R.J., J. 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In the current study, we fill several gaps in our understanding of the potential environmental impacts related to this process. We measured the endocrine-disrupting activities of 24 chemicals used and/or produced by oil and gas operations for five nuclear receptors using a reporter gene assay in human endometrial cancer cells. We also quantified the concentration of 16 of these chemicals in oil and gas wastewater samples. Finally, we assessed reproductive and developmental outcomes in male C57BL/6J mice after the prenatal exposure to a mixture of these chemicals. We found that 23 commonly used oil and natural gas operation chemicals can activate or inhibit the estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone, and/or thyroid receptors, and mixtures of these chemicals can behave synergistically, additively, or antagonistically in vitro. Prenatal exposure to a mixture of 23 oil and gas operation chemicals at 3, 30, and 300 μg/kg · d caused decreased sperm counts and increased testes, body, heart, and thymus weights and increased serum testosterone in male mice, suggesting multiple organ system impacts. Our results suggest possible adverse developmental and reproductive health outcomes in humans and animals exposed to potential environmentally relevant levels of oil and gas operation chemicals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Endocrine Society","doi":"10.1210/en.2015-1375","usgsCitation":"Kassotis, C., Klemp, K.C., Vu, D.C., Lin, C., Meng, C., Besch-Williford, C.L., Pinatti, L., Zoeller, R.T., Drobnis, E.Z., Balise, V.D., Isiguzo, C.J., Williams, M.A., Tillitt, D.E., and Nagel, S., 2015, Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice: Endocrinology, v. 156, no. 12, p. 4458-4473, https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1375.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"4458","endPage":"4473","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066517","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1375","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Garfield County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.02331542968749,\n 40.10328591293442\n ],\n [\n -107.02331542968749,\n 39.364032338047984\n ],\n [\n -109.0557861328125,\n 39.35553794109379\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -107.9571533203125,\n 39.71986348549764\n ],\n [\n -107.95166015624999,\n 39.930800820752765\n ],\n [\n -107.33642578124999,\n 39.939224840791965\n ],\n [\n -107.33642578124999,\n 40.107487419012415\n ],\n [\n -107.02331542968749,\n 40.10328591293442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"156","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930c6e4b0da412f4fb556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kassotis, Christopher D.","contributorId":26967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kassotis","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klemp, Kara C.","contributorId":150701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klemp","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18070,"text":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vu, Danh C.","contributorId":150702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vu","given":"Danh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18071,"text":"Department of Forestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lin, Chung-Ho","contributorId":150703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Chung-Ho","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18071,"text":"Department of Forestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meng, Chun-Xia","contributorId":150780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meng","given":"Chun-Xia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Besch-Williford, Cynthia L.","contributorId":150781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Besch-Williford","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pinatti, Lisa","contributorId":150782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinatti","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zoeller, R. Thomas","contributorId":150783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zoeller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Drobnis, Erma Z.","contributorId":150704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drobnis","given":"Erma","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":18070,"text":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Balise, Victoria D.","contributorId":150705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balise","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18070,"text":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Isiguzo, Chiamaka J.","contributorId":150706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Isiguzo","given":"Chiamaka","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":18070,"text":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Williams, Michelle A.","contributorId":150707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18072,"text":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Nagel, Susan C.","contributorId":56147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70158972,"text":"ofr20151200 - 2015 - Realized detection and capture probabilities for giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) using modified floating aquatic funnel traps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-14T09:35:01","indexId":"ofr20151200","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-13T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1200","title":"Realized detection and capture probabilities for giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) using modified floating aquatic funnel traps","docAbstract":"Rigorous analysis and management of animal populations requires that observers account for limitations inherent to the detection of those populations and the individuals within them. Researchers are usually unable to see every individual of a population or to even detect some entire populations. Ignoring this imperfect detectability can bias estimates of population characteristics, such as probability of occurrence, abundance, survival, recruitment, and population growth rate. Furthermore, the precision with which these population characteristics are estimated is dependent on detection probabilities (the probability that at least one individual of a species is detected during a survey, given that the species occurs where the survey is conducted) and capture probabilities (the probability that a given individual is observed or captured during a single survey); greater detection and capture probabilities result in less uncertainty about the values of population characteristics and a greater ability to evaluate the effects of variables or experimental treatments on the population characteristic(s) of interest.
\nDetection and capture probabilities for giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) are very low, and successfully evaluating the effects of variables or experimental treatments on giant gartersnake populations will require greater detection and capture probabilities than those that had been achieved with standard trap designs. Previous research identified important trap modifications that can increase the probability of snakes entering traps and help prevent the escape of captured snakes. The purpose of this study was to quantify detection and capture probabilities obtained using the most successful modification to commercially available traps to date (2015), and examine the ability of realized detection and capture probabilities to achieve benchmark levels of precision in occupancy and capture-mark-recapture studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Skalos, S., Casazza, M.L., and Wylie, G.D., 2015, Realized detection and capture probabilities for giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) using modified floating aquatic funnel traps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1200, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151200.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-06-14","temporalEnd":"2013-11-30","ipdsId":"IP-067831","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309850,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1200/ofr20151200.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1200"},{"id":309849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1200/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.33551025390625,\n 38.50519140240354\n ],\n [\n -122.33551025390625,\n 39.61626788999701\n ],\n [\n -121.4923095703125,\n 39.61626788999701\n ],\n [\n -121.4923095703125,\n 38.50519140240354\n ],\n [\n -122.33551025390625,\n 38.50519140240354\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/
Changes to barrier islands occur at time scales that vary from the few hours it takes an individual storm to pass (Morton, 2008) to the millennia it takes for coastal systems to undergo geologic evolution. Developing an understanding of how barrier islands will respond to climate change, sea level rise, and major storms over a range of time scales is relevant to studies of physical, geological, ecological, and societal processes and will help to guide and improve management of our coastal resources (Sallenger and others, 1987). Observations of coastal processes made over a range of spatial and temporal scales and from a variety of instrument platforms (for example, in situ and remote remote sensing) are required to understand and eventually predict the evolution of coastal systems.
\nThe deployment of Landsat and other earth-observing satellites within the last few decades has provided an opportunity to observe barrier islands at frequent intervals, often many times a year. This sample frequency is much higher and the spatial coverage much greater than most routine high-resolution topographic surveys (Guy and others, 2014). In addition, the historical record of these datasets have become long enough to document shorter- (that is, annual) and longer-term (that is, decadal) changes from a single data source. Certain aspects of barrier island morphology, such as island size, shape, and position, can be determined from these images and can indicate erosion, land loss, and island breakup (McBride and others, 1989; Plant and Guy, 2013).
\nThe shoreline is a common variable used as a metric for coastal erosion or change (Himmelstoss and others, 2010). Although shorelines are often extracted from topographic data (for example, ground-based surveys and light detection and ranging [lidar]), image-based shorelines, corrected for their inherent uncertainties (Moore and others, 2006), have provided much of our understanding of long-term shoreline change because they pre-date routine lidar elevation survey methods. Image-based shorelines continue to be valuable because of their higher temporal resolution compared to costly airborne lidar surveys. A method for extracting sandy shorelines from 30-meter (m) resolution Landsat imagery is presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151179","usgsCitation":"Guy, K.K., 2015, Barrier island shorelines extracted from Landsat imagery: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1179, 3 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151179.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 3 p.; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067042","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438679,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7028PMP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Dauphin Island, Alabama"},{"id":312288,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7DZ06CD","text":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Ship Island, Mississippi","description":"OFR 2015-1179"},{"id":312289,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7JQ0Z3R","text":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Cat Island, Mississippi","description":"OFR 2015-1179"},{"id":312290,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7XW4GVG","text":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Horn Island, Mississippi","description":"OFR 2015-1179"},{"id":312291,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F72N509Q","text":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Petit Bois Island, Mississippi","description":"OFR 2015-1179"},{"id":309457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1179/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309459,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7028PMP","text":"Shorelines Extracted from Landsat Imagery: Dauphin Island, Alabama","description":"OFR 2015-1179"},{"id":309458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1179/ofr20151179.pdf","text":"Report","size":"242 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1179"}],"country":"United States","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/