{"pageNumber":"1150","pageRowStart":"28725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":30711,"text":"fs16400 - 2000 - Reconstructing historical changes in the environmental health of watersheds by using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T16:15:03","indexId":"fs16400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"164-00","title":"Reconstructing historical changes in the environmental health of watersheds by using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Great Salt Lake Basins study area of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, which began in 1997, is increasing the scientific understanding of factors that affect surface-water quality within the study-area boundaries (fig. 1). One way to improve the understanding of these factors is to look at historical trends in existing water-quality data. Unfortunately, short record lengths, in- consistent analytical methods, numerous measurements at less than detection levels, and questionable accuracy limit the usefulness of historical monitoring data for most trace inorganic and organic contaminants found in streams, rivers, and lakes in the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/fs16400","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Stephens, D.W., Callender, E., and Van Metre, P., 2000, Reconstructing historical changes in the environmental health of watersheds by using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs in Salt Lake Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 164-00, 6 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16400.","productDescription":"6 p. ","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3081,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://tx.usgs.gov/coring/pubs/utah_lakes_fs.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0164/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59461,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87377929687499,\n              39.64799732373418\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.324462890625,\n              40.019201307686785\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.302490234375,\n              40.3130432088809\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.753173828125,\n              40.98819156349393\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.50048828124999,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.55541992187499,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.77490234375,\n              42.771211138625894\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.412109375,\n              42.431565872579185\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.510986328125,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.43408203124999,\n              41.15384235711447\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db636170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, Doyle W.","contributorId":40195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Doyle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callender, Edward","contributorId":69535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29804,"text":"wri20004090 - 2000 - Regional water table (1998) and ground-water-level changes in the Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:24:19.940368","indexId":"wri20004090","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4090","title":"Regional water table (1998) and ground-water-level changes in the Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins are in the southwestern part of the Mojave Desert in southern California. Ground water from these basins supplies a major part of the water requirements for the region. The rapid and continuous population growth in this area has resulted in ever-increasing demands on local ground-water resources. The continuing collection and interpretation of ground-water data helps local water districts, military bases, and private citizens gain a better understanding of the ground-water systems and, consequently, water availability.\r\n\r\nDuring 1998 the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies made approximately 2,370 water-level measurements in the Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins. These data document recent conditions and changes in ground-water levels. A water-level contour map was drawn using data from 450 wells, providing coverage for most of both basins. Twenty-three hydrographs show long-term (as much as 70 years) water-level trends throughout the basins. To help show effects of late seasonal recharge along the Mojave River, 14 short-term (13 years) hydrographs were created. A water-level change map was compiled to enable comparison of 1996 and 1998 water levels.\r\n\r\nThe Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins had little change in water levels between 1996 and 1998 - with the exception of the areas of the Yucca Valley affected by artificial recharge. Other water-level changes were localized and reflected pumping or measurements made before seasonal recharge. Three areas of perched ground water were identified: El Mirage Lake (dry), Adelanto, and Lucerne Valley.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004090","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.A., and Pimentel, M.I., 2000, Regional water table (1998) and ground-water-level changes in the Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4090, Report; iv, 107 p.; 1 Plate: 48.96 × 37.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004090.","productDescription":"Report; iv, 107 p.; 1 Plate: 48.96 × 37.24 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95783,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4090/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33853.htm"},{"id":160554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4090/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Mojave River and the Morongo ground-water basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.7890,\n              34.0190\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.133,\n              34.0190\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.133,\n              35.223\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.7890,\n              35.223\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.7890,\n              34.0190\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63507e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Gregory A. 0000-0001-8170-9924 gasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":1520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pimentel, M. Isabel","contributorId":54257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pimentel","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Isabel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22799,"text":"ofr00363 - 2000 - Traveltime data for Truckee River between Tahoe City, California, and Marble Bluff Dam near Nixon, Nevada, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr00363","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-363","title":"Traveltime data for Truckee River between Tahoe City, California, and Marble Bluff Dam near Nixon, Nevada, 1999","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00363","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Crompton, E.J., and Bohman, L.R., 2000, Traveltime data for Truckee River between Tahoe City, California, and Marble Bluff Dam near Nixon, Nevada, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-363, iv, 24 p. ill., col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00363.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. ill., col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0363/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52229,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0363/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626b3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crompton, E. James","contributorId":78771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crompton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohman, Larry R. lrbohman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohman","given":"Larry","email":"lrbohman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":188893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26111,"text":"wri004005 - 2000 - Pesticides in surface waters of the upper Colorado River basin, Colorado, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri004005","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4005","title":"Pesticides in surface waters of the upper Colorado River basin, Colorado, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Forty-four river, stream, and drain sites in the Upper Colorado River Basin in Colorado were sampled during 1996?98 to determine the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in the basin. In a fixed-station study, 57 surface-water samples were collected from October 1996 through January 1998 at four sites. Each site was sampled approximately monthly for up to a year, with more frequent sampling during the spring and summer growing season. In a synoptic study, surface-water samples were collected at 43 sites in the agricultural areas of the Grand Valley and the Uncompahgre River Valley in May 1998. Each site was sampled once. Pesticide concentrations generally were low and varied seasonally and across land uses. Thirty-five pesticides were detected at least once in the two studies, and 11 pesticides accounted for almost 82 percent of the detections. Herbicides were more commonly detected than insecticides, and only the herbicides alachlor and atrazine were detected in more than 50 percent of the samples. Carbofuran was the most commonly detected insecticide and was detected in 19 percent of the samples. Pesticide detections increased and were measured at higher concentrations in the summer months and at the agriculture sites. All pesticide concentrations were less than drinking-water standards, and most complied with human-health advisories and criteria for the protection of freshwater aquatic life. Pesticides in the Upper Colorado River Basin in Colorado were detected slightly less frequently and generally at lower concentrations than in 20 National Water-Quality Assessment Program study-unit basins that collected water-quality data from 1992 through 1996. Results from surface-water sampling conducted during 1996?98 in the Upper Colorado River Basin in Colorado indicate that beneficial uses of water were not being impaired by the presence of pesticides in surface waters in the basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004005","usgsCitation":"Bauch, N.J., and Spahr, N.E., 2000, Pesticides in surface waters of the upper Colorado River basin, Colorado, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4005, vii, 46 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004005.","productDescription":"vii, 46 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2059,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4005","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48ade4b07f02db52d8e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892 njbauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":1297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","email":"njbauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28982,"text":"wri994248 - 2000 - Computed roughness coefficients for Skunk Creek above Interstate 17, Maricopa County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T06:44:54","indexId":"wri994248","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4248","title":"Computed roughness coefficients for Skunk Creek above Interstate 17, Maricopa County, Arizona","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1997-98, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Flood Control District of Maricopa County, made six verification measurements for Manning's roughness coefficients at Skunk Creek above Interstate 17. Data from four floodflows were recorded and analyzed, three of these flows occurred in February 1998 when Arizona received precipitation from the El Nino weather phenomenon. Discharges ranged from 187 to 760 cubic feet per second and resultant verified values for Manning's roughness coefficient, n, ranged from 0.056 to 0.039. Skunk Creek above Interstate 17 - an ephemeral wash within a flood-control structure - is overgrown with desert brush throughout the main channel and the presence of the vegetation has a significant effect on n values throughout the reach. The results of this study are verified roughness coefficients that can be transferred to similarly vegetated channels in Maricopa County and other arid and semiarid environments where roughness factors must be assessed for flood management or other purposes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri994248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Flood Control District of Maricopa County","usgsCitation":"O’Day, C.M., and Phillips, J.V., 2000, Computed roughness coefficients for Skunk Creek above Interstate 17, Maricopa County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4248, i, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994248.","productDescription":"i, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288385,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4248/report.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County","otherGeospatial":"Skunk Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.375,33.625 ], [ -112.375,34.0 ], [ -112.0,34.0 ], [ -112.0,33.625 ], [ -112.375,33.625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7b44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Day, Christie M.","contributorId":34556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Day","given":"Christie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Jeff V.","contributorId":50510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28637,"text":"wri004062 - 2000 - Phosphorus and E. coli in the Fanno and Bronson Creek subbasins of the Tualatin River basin, Oregon, during summer low-flow conditions, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T18:19:49.674994","indexId":"wri004062","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4062","displayTitle":"Phosphorus and <i>E. coli</i> in the Fanno and Bronson Creek subbasins of the Tualatin River basin, Oregon, during summer low-flow conditions, 1996","title":"Phosphorus and E. coli in the Fanno and Bronson Creek subbasins of the Tualatin River basin, Oregon, during summer low-flow conditions, 1996","docAbstract":"<p>As part of an ongoing cooperative study between the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County, Oregon, and the U.S. Geological Survey, phosphorus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations were measured in the Fanno and Bronson Creek subbasins of the Tualatin River Basin during September 1996. Data were collected at 19 main-stem and 22 tributary sites in the Fanno Creek subbasin, and at 14 main-stem and 4 tributary sites in the Bronson Creek subbasin. These data provided the following information on summer base-flow conditions in the subbasins. Concentrations of total phosphorus at 70% of the sites sampled in the Fanno Creek subbasin were between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L (milligrams per liter), very near the estimated background level of 0.14 mg/L attributed to ground-water base flow. These data indicate that ground-water discharge could account for the phosphorus measured at most sites in this subbasin.Concentrations of phosphorus at all but one of the sites sampled in the Bronson Creek subbasin were also between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L, indicating that ground-water discharge could account for the phosphorus measured at most sites in this subbasin.A few sites in the Fanno Creek subbasin had phosphorus concentrations above background levels, indicating a source other than ground water. Some of these sites- Pendleton Creek and the tributary near Gemini, for example-were probably affected by the decomposition of avian waste materials and the release of phosphorus from bottom sediments in nearby ponds.Concentrations of E. coli--an indicator of fecal contamination and the potential presence of bacterial pathogens-exceeded the current single-sample criterion for recreational contact in freshwater (406 organisms/100 mL [organisms per 100 milliliters]) at 70% of the sites sampled in the Fanno Creek subbasin.Concentrations of E. coli in the Bronson Creek subbasin exceeded the single-sample criterion at one-third of the sites sampled.Most occurrences of elevated E. coli levels were probably due to sources such as domestic pet and wildlife waste, failing septic systems, or improperly managed hobby farms. The data did not indicate any large breaks in sewer lines or other large-scale sources of bacterial contamination to surface water in either subbasin during this low-flow period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri004062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation withe the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County, Oregon.","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., 2000, Phosphorus and E. coli in the Fanno and Bronson Creek subbasins of the Tualatin River basin, Oregon, during summer low-flow conditions, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4062, iii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004062.","productDescription":"iii, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004062.PNG"},{"id":311366,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4062/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":463436,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30036.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Bronson Creek, Fanno Creek, Taulatin River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.1700439453125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1700439453125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1700439453125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              45.00365115687189\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              45.85176048817254\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.178955078125,\n              45.85176048817254\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.178955078125,\n              45.00365115687189\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              45.00365115687189\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Kathleen A. mccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Kathleen","email":"mccarthy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27941,"text":"wri004009 - 2000 - Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Sparta and Memphis aquifers in eastern and south-central Arkansas, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri004009","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4009","title":"Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Sparta and Memphis aquifers in eastern and south-central Arkansas, 1999","docAbstract":"During the spring of 1999, water levels were measured in the Sparta and Memphis aquifers in 321 wells in eastern and south-central Arkansas. Water samples were collected during the spring and summer of 1999 from wells completed in these aquifers. The specific conductance of the ground water was measured from 147 samples and dissolved chloride was measured from 98 samples. Maps of areal distribution of potentiometric surface and specific conductance generated from these data reveal spatial trends across the study area. The altitude of the potentiometric surface ranged from 214 feet below sea level in Union County to 332 feet above sea level in Grant County.\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow in Arkansas is from the north and west to the south and east, away from the recharge zone in the outcrop and subcrop area, except near areas affected by intense ground-water withdrawals; such areas are characterized by large cones of depression centered in Columbia, Jefferson, and Union Counties. Heavy pumpage locally has altered or reversed the natural direction of flow in some areas. Flow in these areas is toward the cones of depression at the center of pumping. Comparison of potentiometric surface maps through time shows that the cones of depression in Columbia and Union Counties are coalescing at or near the Columbia and Union County line.\r\nLong-term hydrographs of 20 wells indicate trends of water-level decline over a 31-year period. During the period 1969-1999, average water-level declines generally were less than 0.7 foot per year in Craighead, Drew, Lee, Ouachita, and Phillips Counties, and between 0.7 and 1.1 feet per year in Bradley, Cleveland, Cross, Dallas, Poinsett, and Prairie Counties. Analysis of water-level data from Calhoun, Desha, Jefferson, Lonoke, Lincoln, and Union Counties indicates water levels declined between 1.1 and 2.0 feet per year since 1969. Water levels in Arkansas and Columbia Counties have declined more than 2.0 feet per year for the past 31 years.\r\nWater-level data from counties with cones of depressions indicate that water levels continued to decline in three cones of depression from 1995 to 1999; however, water levels increased in one cone of depression. Water levels declined an average of 2.5 feet per year in Union County, 1.4 feet per year in Jefferson County, and 1.7 feet per year in Cross County since 1995. One relatively new cone of depression has formed in Arkansas County. Water levels declined 4.0 feet per year in Arkansas County since 1995. However, water levels appear to be increasing in Columbia County where the same 11 wells were monitored in 1995 and 1999, and the water levels increased at a rate of 0.6 foot per year.\r\nSpecific conductance measurements made on water samples collected during the study ranged from 44 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius at a well in Ouachita County to 1,510 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius at a well in Lee County. Dissolved chloride concentrations ranged from 1.1 milligram per liter at a well in Lincoln County to 220 milligrams per liter at a well in Union County.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004009","usgsCitation":"Joseph, R.L., 2000, Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Sparta and Memphis aquifers in eastern and south-central Arkansas, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4009, iii, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 over-size sheets, scale 1:500,000 (1 inch = about 8 miles). , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004009.","productDescription":"iii, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 over-size sheets, scale 1:500,000 (1 inch = about 8 miles). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95685,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4009/report.pdf","size":"3593","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95686,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4009/plate-1.pdf","size":"913","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95687,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4009/plate-2.pdf","size":"807","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4009/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Robert L. rljoseph@usgs.gov","contributorId":3482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Robert","email":"rljoseph@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21838,"text":"ofr00407 - 2000 - Geophysical constraints on the Virgin River Depression, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:27:47.142974","indexId":"ofr00407","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-407","title":"Geophysical constraints on the Virgin River Depression, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona","docAbstract":"Gravity and aeromagnetic data provide insights into the subsurface lithology and structure of the Virgin River Depression (VRD) of Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. The gravity data indicate that the Quaternary and Tertiary sedimentary deposits hide a complex pre-Cenozoic surface. A north-northwest-trending basement ridge separates the Mesquite and Mormon basins, as evidenced by seismic-reflection, gravity, and aeromagnetic data. The Mesquite basin is very deep, reaching depths of 8?10 km. The Mormon basin reaches thicknesses of 5 km. Its northern margin is very steep and may be characterized by right steps, although this interpretation could change with additional gravity stations. Most of the young (Quaternary), small-displacement faults trend within 10? of due north and occur within the deeper parts of the Mesquite basin north of the Virgin River. South of the Virgin River, only a few, young, small-displacement faults are mapped; the trend of these faults is more northeasterly and parallels the basement topography and is distinct from that of the faults to the north. The Virgin River appears to follow the margin of the basin as it emerges from the plateau.\n     The high-resolution aeromagnetic data outline the extent of shallow volcanic rocks in the Mesquite basin. The north-northwest alignment of volcanic rocks east of Toquop Wash appear to be structurally controlled because of faults imaged on seismic-reflection profiles and because the alignment is nearly perpendicular to the direction of Cenozoic extension. More buried volcanics likely exist to the north and east of the high-resolution aeromagnetic survey. Broader aeromagnetic anomalies beneath pre-Cenozoic basement in the Mormon Mountains and Tule Springs Hills reflect either Precambrian basement or Tertiary intrusions. These rocks are probably barriers to groundwater flow, except where fractured.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00407","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Glen, J.M., Jachens, R., Dixon, G.L., Katzer, T., and Morin, R.L., 2000, Geophysical constraints on the Virgin River Depression, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-407, i, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00407.","productDescription":"i, 26 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51324,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0407/pdf/of00-407n.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0407/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1234,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0407/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.4968,36.5008 ], [ -114.4968,37.4999 ], [ -113.7344,37.4999 ], [ -113.7344,36.5008 ], [ -114.4968,36.5008 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, J. M.","contributorId":37338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dixon, G. L.","contributorId":95468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Katzer, T.C.","contributorId":49391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzer","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morin, R. L.","contributorId":95484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":24013,"text":"ofr00378 - 2000 - Assessment of sedimentation in Crowders Creek, York County, South Carolina, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-13T19:43:10.382767","indexId":"ofr00378","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-378","title":"Assessment of sedimentation in Crowders Creek, York County, South Carolina, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Sedimentation in Crowders Creek cove in Lake Wylie, located in York County, South Carolina, has restricted boat navigation and made a boat ramp unusable. To provide baseline information, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the York County Council, collected bathymetric and bed-sediment data in the cove, and streamflow and suspended-sediment data in a free-flowing reach of Crowders Creek. Bathymetric data from a survey of the cove made in November 1999 were compared with bathymetric data derived from a 1973 U.S. Geological Survey topographic map. It was determined that at water-surface elevation of 568 feet, the volume of the cove available for water storage had decreased 90 percent, from 1.3 million cubic yards in 1973 to 135,000 cubic yards in 1999. Continuous water-level and streamflow data were collected at a U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station on Crowders Creek near Clover, South Carolina, for the period October 1, 1999, to April 30, 2000. Suspended-sediment concentration data were collected at four sites on February 14, 2000. The maximum instantaneous streamflow recorded during this event was 864 cubic feet per second, and the largest suspended-sediment load was calculated to be 2,120 tons per day. Bed-sediment samples were collected at four locations in the study area: one in the lower reach of Crowders Creek and three in the cove. These samples were analyzed for a total of 44 trace elements, 29 organochlorine pesticides, degradation products and polychlorinated biphenyls, and for particle-size distribution. None of the trace element concentrations exceeded guidelines for the concentrations above which adverse effects on stream biota are expected to occur. Two of 29 organochlorine pesticides were detected.p,p'-DDT at 11 micrograms per kilogram was detected at one site, and p,p'-DDE at 3.2 micrograms per kilogram was detected at another site. Particle-size analyses at these four sampling sites indicated that at least 60 percent of the sediments are smaller than 0.063 millimeter, which indicates the sediment is composed mostly of silts and clays.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00378","usgsCitation":"Nagle, D.D., 2000, Assessment of sedimentation in Crowders Creek, York County, South Carolina, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-378, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00378.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53189,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0378/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0378/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"York County","otherGeospatial":"Crowders Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.71307373046874,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.71307373046874,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7103271484375,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7103271484375,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.71307373046874,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.34552001953125,\n              35.26187989638478\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.35993957519531,\n              35.228794142471024\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.35581970214844,\n              35.19513377063931\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.35032653808592,\n              35.1760533659996\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.35135650634766,\n              35.11148351132474\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2545394897461,\n              35.079741300161416\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1124038696289,\n              35.07046911981966\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.09970092773438,\n              35.06737815891162\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.06639862060547,\n              35.12187429289515\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.11686706542967,\n              35.14068665962406\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14295959472656,\n              35.18419114526594\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23016357421875,\n              35.24674063355999\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23016357421875,\n              35.28374272801905\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.33247375488281,\n              35.285984736065764\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.34552001953125,\n              35.26187989638478\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6683c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagle, Douglas D.","contributorId":41853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38270,"text":"pp1626 - 2000 - Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Circum-North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:00","indexId":"pp1626","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1626","title":"Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Circum-North Pacific","docAbstract":"The Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Circum-North Pacific is recorded mainly in the orogenic collages of the Circum-North Pacific mountain belts that separate the North Pacific from the eastern part of the North Asian Craton and the western part of the North American Craton. These collages consist of tectonostratigraphic terranes that are composed of fragments of igneous arcs, accretionary-wedge and subduction-zone complexes, passive continental margins, and cratons; they are overlapped by continental-margin-arc and sedimentary-basin assemblages. The geologic history of the terranes and overlap assemblages is highly complex because of postaccretionary dismemberment and translation during strike-slip faulting that occurred subparallel to continental margins.We analyze the complex tectonics of this region by the following steps. (1) We assign tectonic environments for the orogenic collages from regional compilation and synthesis of stratigraphic and faunal data. The types of tectonic environments include cratonal, passive continental margin, metamorphosed continental margin, continental-margin arc, island arc, oceanic crust, seamount, ophiolite, accretionary wedge, subduction zone, turbidite basin, and metamorphic. (2) We make correlations between terranes. (3) We group coeval terranes into a single tectonic origin, for example, a single island arc or subduction zone. (4) We group igneous-arc and subduction- zone terranes, which are interpreted as being tectonically linked, into coeval, curvilinear arc/subduction-zone complexes. (5) We interpret the original positions of terranes, using geologic, faunal, and paleomagnetic data. (6) We construct the paths of tectonic migration.\r\n\r\nSix processes overlapping in time were responsible for most of the complexities of the collage of terranes and overlap assemblages around the Circum-North Pacific, as follows. (1) During the Late Proterozoic, Late Devonian, and Early Carboniferous, major periods of rifting occurred along the ancestral margins of present-day Northeast Asia and northwestern North America. The rifting resulted in the fragmentation of each continent and the formation of cratonal and passive continental-margin terranes that eventually migrated and accreted to other sites along the evolving margins of the original or adjacent continents. (2) From about the Late Triassic through the mid-Cretaceous, a succession of island arcs and tectonically paired subduction zones formed near the continental margins. (3) From about mainly the mid-Cretaceous through the present, a succession of igneous arcs and tectonically paired subduction zones formed along the continental margins. (4) From about the Jurassic to the present, oblique convergence and rotations caused orogenparallel sinistral and then dextral displacements within the upper-plate margins of cratons that have become Northeast Asia and North America. The oblique convergences and rotations resulted in the fragmentation, displacement, and duplication of formerly more nearly continuous arcs, subduction zones, and passive continental margins. These fragments were subsequently accreted along the expanding continental margins. (5) From the Early Jurassic through Tertiary, movement of the upper continental plates toward subduction zones resulted in strong plate coupling and accretion of the former island arcs and subduction zones to the continental margins. Accretions were accompanied and followed by crustal thickening, anatexis, metamorphism, and uplift. The accretions resulted in substantial growth of the North Asian and North American Continents. (6) During the middle and late Cenozoic, oblique to orthogonal convergence of the Pacifi c plate with present-day Alaska and Northeast Asia resulted in formation of the modern-day ring of volcanoes around the Circum-North Pacific. Oblique convergence between the Pacific plate and Alaska also resulted in major dextral-slip faulting in interior and southern Alaska and along the western p","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1626","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Parfenov, L.M., Monger, J.W., Norton, I.O., Khanchuk, A.I., Stone, D., Scotese, C.R., Scholl, D.W., and Fujita, K., 2000, Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Circum-North Pacific: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1626, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1626.","productDescription":"122 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7811,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2000/1626/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a486e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parfenov, Leonid M.","contributorId":59112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfenov","given":"Leonid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monger, James W.H.","contributorId":53900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norton, Ian O.","contributorId":82575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stone, David B.","contributorId":65324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scotese, Christopher R.","contributorId":66357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scotese","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fujita, Kazuya","contributorId":15654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujita","given":"Kazuya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":30268,"text":"wri994190 - 2000 - Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of floods in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri994190","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4190","title":"Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of floods in Colorado","docAbstract":"Regionalized flood-frequency relations need to be updated on a regular basis (about every 10 years). The latest study on regionalized flood-frequency equations for Colorado used data collected through water year 1981. A study was begun in 1994 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation and the Bureau of Land Management, to include streamflow data collected since water year 1981 in the regionalized flood-frequency relations for Colorado. Longer periods of streamflow data and improved statistical analysis methods were used to define regression relations for estimating peak discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years for unregulated streams in Colorado. The regression relations can be applied to sites of interest on gaged and ungaged streams. Ordinary least-squares regression was used to determine the best explanatory basin or climatic characteristic variables for each peak-discharge characteristic, and generalized least-squares regression was used to determine the best regression relation. Drainage-basin area, mean annual precipitation, and mean basin slope were determined to be statistically significant explanatory variables in the regression relations. Separate regression relations were developed for each of five distinct hydrologic regions in the State. The mean standard errors of estimate and average standard error of prediction associated with the regression relations generally ranged from 40 to 80 percent, except for one hydrologic region where the errors ranged from about 200 to 300 percent. Methods are presented for determining the magnitude of peak discharges for sites located at gaging stations, for sites located near gaging stations on the same stream when the ratio of drainage-basin areas is between about 0.5 and 1.5, and for sites where the drainage basin crosses a flood-region boundary or a State boundary. Methods are presented for determining the magnitude of peak discharges for sites located at gaging stations, for sites located near gaging stations on the same stream when the ratio of drainage-basin areas is between about 0.5 and 1.5, and for sites where the drainage basin crosses a flood-region boundary or a State boundary.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994190","usgsCitation":"Vaill, J.E., 2000, Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of floods in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4190, iii, 35 p., (1 folded) :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994190.","productDescription":"iii, 35 p., (1 folded) :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2443,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri99-4190","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e16b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaill, J. E.","contributorId":86362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaill","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30854,"text":"wri004002 - 2000 - Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; Volume 2: Interpretation of metal loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T06:58:23","indexId":"wri004002","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4002","title":"Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; Volume 2: Interpretation of metal loads","docAbstract":"<p>Metals transport in the Sacramento River, northern California, from July 1996 to June 1997 was evaluated in terms of metal loads from samples of water and suspended colloids that were collected on up to six occasions at 13 sites in the Sacramento River Basin. Four of the sampling periods (July, September, and November 1996; and May-June 1997) took place during relatively low-flow conditions and two sampling periods (December 1996 and January 1997) took place during high-flow and flooding conditions, respectively. This study focused primarily on loads of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, with secondary emphasis on loads of aluminum, iron, and mercury.</p><p>Trace metals in acid mine drainage from abandoned and inactive base-metal mines, in the East and West Shasta mining districts, enter the Sacramento River system in predominantly dissolved form into both Shasta Lake and Keswick Reservoir. The proportion of trace metals that was dissolved (as opposed to colloidal) in samples collected at Shasta and Keswick dams decreased in the order zinc ≈ cadmium &gt; copper &gt; lead. At four sampling sites on the Sacramento River--71, 256, 360, and 412 kilometers downstream of Keswick Dam--trace-metal loads were predominantly colloidal during both high- and low-flow conditions. The proportion of total cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc loads transported to San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta estuary (referred to as the Bay-Delta) that is associated with mineralized areas was estimated by dividing loads at Keswick Dam by loads 412 kilometers downstream at Freeport and the Yolo Bypass. During moderately high flows in December 1996, mineralization-related total (dissolved + colloidal) trace-metal loads to the Bay-Delta (as a percentage of total loads measured downstream) were cadmium, 87 percent; copper, 35 percent; lead, 10 percent; and zinc, 51 percent. During flood conditions in January 1997 loads were cadmium, 22 percent; copper, 11 percent; lead, 2 percent; and zinc, 15 percent. During irrigation drainage season from rice fields (May-June 1997) loads were cadmium, 53 percent; copper, 42 percent; lead, 20 percent; and zinc, 75 percent. These estimates must be qualified by the following factors: (1) metal loads at Colusa in December 1996 and at Verona in May-June 1997 generally exceeded those determined at Freeport during those sampling periods. Therefore, the above percentages represent maximum estimates of the apparent total proportion of metals from mineralized areas upstream of Keswick Dam; and (2) for logistics reasons, the Sacramento River was sampled at Tower Bridge instead of at Freeport during January 1997.</p><p>Available data suggest that trace metal loads from agricultural drainage may be significant during certain flow conditions in areas where metals such as copper and zinc are added as agricultural amendments. Copper loads for sampling periods in July and September 1996 and in May-June 1997 show increases of dissolved and colloidal copper and in colloidal zinc between Colusa and Verona, the reach of the Sacramento River along which the Colusa Basin Drain, the Sacramento Slough, and other agricultural return flows are tributaries. Monthly sampling of these two agricultural drains by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program shows seasonal variations in metal concentrations, reaching maximum concentrations of 4 to 6 micrograms per liter in \"dissolved\" (0.45-micrometer filtrate) copper concentrations in May 1996, December 1996, and June 1997. The total (dissolved plus colloidal) load of copper from the Colusa Basin Drain in June 1997 was 18 kilograms per day, whereas the copper load in Spring Creek, which drains the inactive mines on Iron Mountain, was 20 kilograms per day during the same sampling period. For comparison, during the January 1997 flood, the copper load in Spring Creek was about 1,100 kilograms per day and the copper load in the Yolo Bypass was about 7,300 kilograms per day. The data clearly indicate that most copper and zinc loads during the January 1997 flood entered the Sacramento River upstream of Colusa, and upstream of the influence of the most intense agricultural drainage return flows in the Sacramento River watershed.</p><p>This study has demonstrated that some trace metals of environmental significance (cadmium, copper, and zinc) in the Sacramento River are transported largely in dissolved form at upstream sites (below Shasta Dam, below Keswick Dam, and at Bend Bridge) proximal to the mineralized areas of the West Shasta and East Shasta mining districts. In contrast, these trace metals are transported largely in colloidal form at downstream sites (Colusa, Verona, Freeport, and Yolo Bypass). Aluminum, iron, and lead were observed to be transported predominantly in the colloidal phase at all mainstem Sacramento River sampling sites during all sampling periods in this study. Despite continuous water treatment, which has removed 85 to 90 percent of the cadmium, copper, and zinc from the mine drainage at Iron Mountain, Spring Creek remains a significant source of these metals to the Sacramento River system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/wri004002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District, California State Water Resources Control Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"2000, Metals transport in the Sacramento River, California, 1996-1997; Volume 2: Interpretation of metal loads: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4002, xi, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004002.","productDescription":"xi, 106 p.","numberOfPages":"118","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62877e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728626,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728627,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728628,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dileanis, Peter D. dileanis@usgs.gov","contributorId":71541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dileanis","given":"Peter","email":"dileanis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728629,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728630,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":27156,"text":"wri004018 - 2000 - Microbiological monitoring for the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T09:26:40","indexId":"wri004018","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4018","displayTitle":"Microbiological Monitoring for the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program","title":"Microbiological monitoring for the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"<p>Data to characterize the microbiological quality of the Nation's fresh, marine, and estuarine waters are usually collected for local purposes, most often to judge compliance with standards for protection of public health in swimmable or drinkable waters. Methods and procedures vary with the objectives and practices of the parties collecting data and are continuously being developed or modified. Therefore, it is difficult to provide a nationally consistent picture of the microbial quality of the Nation's waters.</p><p>Study objectives and guidelines for a national microbiological monitoring program are outlined in this report, using the framework of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. A national program is designed to provide long-term data on the presence of microbiological pathogens and indicators in ground water and surface water to support effective water policy and management. Three major groups of waterborne pathogens affect the public health acceptability of waters in the United States—bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Microbiological monitoring in NAWQA would be designed to assess the occurrence, distribution, and trends of pathogenic organisms and indicators in surface waters and ground waters; relate the patterns discerned to factors that help explain them; and improve our understanding of the processes that control microbiological water quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004018","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., Myers, D.N., and Helsel, D., 2000, Microbiological monitoring for the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4018, vi, 31 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004018.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2127,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4018/wri20004018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"666 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4018"},{"id":158002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4018/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_oh@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_oh@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Ohio Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6460 Busch Blvd. <br>Columbus, OH 43229</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Overview of microbiological pathogens and indicators</li><li>Occurrence and distribution of microbiological indicators in ground water and streamwater, 1997</li><li>Goals and objectives of microbiological monitoring in a National Water-Quality Assessment Program</li><li>Recommendations for data collection and analysis</li><li>Summary of objectives and recommendations</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, Donna N. 0000-0001-6359-2865 dnmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-2865","contributorId":512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Donna","email":"dnmyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24508,"text":"ofr00208 - 2000 - Long-term ground-water monitoring program and performance-evaluation plan for the extraction system at the former Nike Missile Battery Site, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr00208","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-208","title":"Long-term ground-water monitoring program and performance-evaluation plan for the extraction system at the former Nike Missile Battery Site, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"This report presents lithologic and ground-water-quality data collected during April and May 2000 in the remote areas of the tidal wetland of West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Contamination of the Canal Creek aquifer with volatile organic compounds has been documented in previous investigations of the area. This study was conducted to investigate areas that were previously inaccessible because of deep mud and shallow water, and to support ongoing investigations of the fate and transport of volatile organic compounds in the Canal Creek aquifer. A unique vibracore drill rig mounted on a hovercraft was used for drilling and ground-water sampling. Continuous cores of the wetland sediment and of the Canal Creek aquifer were collected at five sites. Attempts to sample ground water were made by use of a continuous profiler at 12 sites, without well installation, at a total of 81 depths within the aquifer. Of those 81 attempts, only 34 sampling depths produced enough water to collect samples.\r\n\r\n\r\nGround-water samples from two sites had the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds?with total volatile organic compound concentrations in the upper part of the aquifer ranging from about 15,000 to 50,000 micrograms per liter. Ground-water samples from five sites had much lower total volatile organic compound concentrations (95 to 2,100 micrograms per liter), whereas two sites were essentially not contaminated, with total volatile organic compound concentrations less than or equal to 5 micrograms per liter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00208","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Senus, M.P., and Tenbus, F.J., 2000, Long-term ground-water monitoring program and performance-evaluation plan for the extraction system at the former Nike Missile Battery Site, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-208, iii, 21 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00208.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1608,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ee67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senus, Michael P.","contributorId":39820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tenbus, Frederick J.","contributorId":52145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tenbus","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23823,"text":"ofr00367 - 2000 - Mercury bioaccumulation in fish in a region affected by historic gold mining: The South Yuba River, Deer Creek, and Bear River watersheds, California, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T20:42:11.296911","indexId":"ofr00367","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-367","title":"Mercury bioaccumulation in fish in a region affected by historic gold mining: The South Yuba River, Deer Creek, and Bear River watersheds, California, 1999","docAbstract":"Mercury that was used historically for gold recovery in mining areas of the Sierra Nevada continues to enter local and downstream water bodies, including the Sacramento Delta and the San Francisco Bay of northern California. Methylmercury is of particular concern because it is the most prevalent form of mercury in fish and is a potent neurotoxin that bioaccumulates at successive trophic levels within food webs. In April 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with several other agencies the Forest Service (U.S. Department of Agriculture), the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the California State Water Resources Control Board, and the Nevada County Resource Conservation District began a pilot investigation to characterize the occurrence and distribution of mercury in water, sediment, and biota in the South Yuba River, Deer Creek, and Bear River watersheds of California. Biological samples consisted of semi-aquatic and aquatic insects, amphibians, bird eggs, and fish. \r\n\r\nFish were collected from 5 reservoirs and 14 stream sites during August through October 1999 to assess the distribution of mercury in these watersheds. Fish that were collected from reservoirs included top trophic level predators (black basses, Micropterus spp.) intermediate trophic level predators [sunfish (blue gill, Lepomis macrochirus; green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus; and black crappie, Poxomis nigromaculatus)] and benthic omnivores (channel catfish, Ictularus punctatus). At stream sites, the species collected were upper trophic level salmonids (brown trout, Salmo trutta) and upper-to-intermediate trophic level salmonids (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss). \r\n\r\nBoneless and skinless fillet portions from 161 fish were analyzed for total mercury; 131 samples were individual fish, and the remaining 30 fish were combined into 10 composite samples of three fish each of the same species and size class. Mercury concentrations in samples of black basses (Micropterus spp.), including largemouth, smallmouth, and spotted bass, ranged from 0.20 to 1.5 parts per million (ppm), wet basis. Mercury concentrations in sunfish ranged from less than 0.10 to 0.41 ppm (wet). Channel catfish had mercury concentrations from 0.16 to 0.75 ppm (wet). The range of mercury concentrations observed in rainbow trout was from 0.06 to 0.38 ppm (wet), and in brown trout was from 0.02 to 0.43 ppm (wet). Mercury concentrations in trout were greater than 0.3 ppm in samples from three of 14 stream sites. Mercury at elevated concentrations may pose a health risk to piscivorous wildlife and to humans who eat fish on a regular basis. Data presented in this report may be useful to local, state, and federal agencies responsible for assessing the potential risks associated with elevated levels of mercury in fish in the South Yuba River, Deer Creek, and Bear River watersheds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00367","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"May, J., Hothem, R.L., Alpers, C.N., and Law, M.A., 2000, Mercury bioaccumulation in fish in a region affected by historic gold mining: The South Yuba River, Deer Creek, and Bear River watersheds, California, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-367, v, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00367.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":53032,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0367/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/archive/reports/ofr00367/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":393117,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34244.htm"},{"id":155104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0367/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Deer Creek, and Bear River watersheds, South Yuba River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.58569335937501,\n              39.11727568585598\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.31677246093749,\n              39.11727568585598\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.31677246093749,\n              39.60145584096999\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.58569335937501,\n              39.60145584096999\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.58569335937501,\n              39.11727568585598\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624b52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Law, Matthew A.","contributorId":82733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29867,"text":"wri994223 - 2000 - Water quality at basic fixed sites in the upper Colorado River basin National Water-Quality Assessment study unit, October 1995-September 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T20:04:31.828862","indexId":"wri994223","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4223","title":"Water quality at basic fixed sites in the upper Colorado River basin National Water-Quality Assessment study unit, October 1995-September 1998","docAbstract":"The Upper Colorado River Basin study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program consists of the Colorado River watershed upstream from near the Colorado-Utah State line. The basin is about equally divided between the Southern Rocky Mountains and the Colorado Plateau physiographic provinces. Data were collected at pairs of indicator sites for mining, increasing urban development, and agricultural land use. Reference basic fixed sites were established in each physiographic province to provide baseline or background information in areas where anthropogenic influences are minimal. Water-quality data collection began at three of the sites in water year 1995. Full implementation of data collection at the 14-site network began in October 1996 and continued through September 1998. Six hundred and sixty water-quality samples were collected at the network sites. Snowmelt runoff dominates the hydrology in most of the basin, but water management for irrigation, storage, and transmountain diversions substantially changes annual runoff characteristics in some areas. Streamflow during water years 1995 and 1997 was generally greater than long-term average conditions. During water year 1996, streamflow also was above average at many sites but not to the extent as seen during 1995 or 1997. Water year 1998 streamflows typically were near or slightly below the long-term average. Extreme low-flow conditions generally did not occur at the sites during the data-collection period. Dissolved nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations at the background site within the Southern Rocky Mountain physiographic province typically were low (hundreths of milligrams per liter). Concentrations in areas of urban development and areas in the lower parts of the basin generally were in the tenths of milligrams per liter and in some agricultural areas were in the milligram per liter range. Median dissolved-solids concentrations at sites in the Southern Rocky Mountains were typically less than 200 milligrams per liter. Small tributaries in the Colorado Plateau and agricultural areas had dissolved-solids concentrations in the thousands of milligrams per liter range. Trace-element concentrations were high, at times, in areas of mining land use. Median zinc concentration for the French Gulch near Breckenridge site was 2,700 micrograms per liter. Comparison of measured concentrations to Colorado State instream standards showed that concentrations of dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, and ammonia were within instream standards at all sites. Concentrations of cadmium and zinc at the site on French Gulch (a mining-affected site) often were greater than the State instream standard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994223","usgsCitation":"Spahr, N.E., Boulger, R.W., and Szmajter, R.J., 2000, Water quality at basic fixed sites in the upper Colorado River basin National Water-Quality Assessment study unit, October 1995-September 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4223, viii, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994223.","productDescription":"viii, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"70","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410728,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27043.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri99-4223","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.05,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.667,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.667,\n              40.4170\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05,\n              40.4170\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4880e4b07f02db515e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boulger, Robert W.","contributorId":27898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szmajter, Richard J.","contributorId":58315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szmajter","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24850,"text":"ofr00344 - 2000 - High-streamflow statistics of selected streams in the Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Manitoba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T12:49:20","indexId":"ofr00344","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-344","title":"High-streamflow statistics of selected streams in the Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Manitoba","docAbstract":"<p>Statistical summaries of high-streamflow data through water year 1997 for selected active U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations for the Red River of the North Basin upstream of and including Emerson, Manitoba, but excluding the Devils Lake Basin, are presented in this report. The summaries for each streamflow-gaging station include (1) station description, (2) graph of the annual mean discharge for the period of record, (3) statistics of monthly and annual mean discharges, (4) graph of the annual flow duration, (5) monthly and annual flow duration, (6) probability of occurrence of annual high discharges, (7) annual peak discharge and corresponding gage height for the period of record, and (8) monthly and annual mean discharges for the period of record. Also included for stations located on the Red River of the North are hydrographs of daily mean discharges for the 3 years having the highest peak discharges and hydrographs of daily mean gage heights for the 3 years having the highest gage heights. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00344","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Williams-Sether, T., 2000, High-streamflow statistics of selected streams in the Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Manitoba: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-344, iv, 498 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00344.","productDescription":"iv, 498 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0344/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53848,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0344/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams-Sether, Tara 0000-0001-6515-9416 tjsether@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-9416","contributorId":152247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams-Sether","given":"Tara","email":"tjsether@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29813,"text":"wri20004015 - 2000 - Aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence: Measurements, analyses, and simulations – The Holly Site, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:28:44.362115","indexId":"wri20004015","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4015","title":"Aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence: Measurements, analyses, and simulations – The Holly Site, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>Land subsidence resulting from ground-water-level declines has long been recognized as a problem in Antelope Valley, California. At Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB), ground-water extractions have caused more than 150 feet of water-level decline, resulting in nearly 4 feet of subsidence. Differential land subsidence has caused sinklike depressions and earth fissures and has accelerated erosion of the playa lakebed surface of Rogers Lake at EAFB, adversely affecting the runways on the lakebed which are used for landing aircraft such as the space shuttles. Since 1990, about 0.4 foot of aquifer-system compaction has been measured at a deep (840 feet) borehole extensometer (Holly site) at EAFB. More than 7 years of paired ground-water-level and aquifer-system compaction measurements made at the Holly site were analyzed for this study. Annually, seasonal water-level fluctuations correspond to steplike variations in aquifer-system compaction; summer water-level drawdowns are associated with larger rates of compaction, and winter water-level recoveries are associated with smaller rates of compaction. The absence of aquifer-system expansion during recovery is consistent with the delayed drainage and resultant delayed, or residual, compaction of thick aquitards. A numerical one-dimensional MODFLOW model of aquitard drainage was used to refine estimates of aquifer-system hydraulic parameters that control compaction and to predict potential future compaction at the Holly site. The analyses and simulations of aquifer-system compaction are based on established theories of aquitard drainage. Historical ground-water-level and land-subsidence data collected near the Holly site were used to constrain simulations of aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence at the site for the period 1908-90, and ground-water-level and aquifer- system compaction measurements collected at the Holly site were used to constrain the model for the period 1990-97. Model results indicate that two thick aquitards, which total 129 feet or about half the aggregate thickness of all the aquitards penetrated by the Holly boreholes, account for most (greater than 99 percent) of the compaction measured at the Holly site during the period 1990-97. The results of three scenarios of future water-level changes indicate that these two thick aquitards account for most of the future compaction. The results also indicate that if water levels decline to about 30 feet below the 1997 water levels an additional 1.7 feet of compaction may occur during the next 30 years. If water levels remain at 1997 levels, the model predicts that only 0.8 foot of compaction may occur during the same period, and even if water levels recover to about 30 feet above 1997 water levels, another 0.5 foot of compaction may occur in the next 30 years. In addition, only a portion of the compaction that ultimately will occur likely will occur within the next 30 years; therefore, the residual compaction and associated land subsidence attributed to slowly equilibrating aquitards is important to consider in the long-term management of land and water resources at EAFB.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20004015","usgsCitation":"Sneed, M., and Galloway, D.L., 2000, Aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence: Measurements, analyses, and simulations – The Holly Site, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4015, vii, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004015.","productDescription":"vii, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394045,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26214.htm"},{"id":11192,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/wri004015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.19503784179688,\n              35.16819542676796\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.90228271484374,\n              34.84536693184099\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91189575195312,\n              34.78222760653013\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.45620727539062,\n              34.30260622622907\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.54959106445312,\n              35.163704834815874\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.19503784179688,\n              35.16819542676796\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22264,"text":"ofr00282 - 2000 - Water-quality and water-level data for a freshwater tidal wetland, West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, October 1998-September 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:56","indexId":"ofr00282","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-282","title":"Water-quality and water-level data for a freshwater tidal wetland, West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, October 1998-September 1999","docAbstract":"This report presents water-quality data for ground-water and surface-water samples and water-level data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from October 1998 through September 1999 at West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The report also provides a description of the sampling and analytical methods that were used to collect and analyze the samples, and includes an evaluation of the quality-assurance data.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water sampling network includes 88 wells or piezometers, including four 2-inch wells, two 4-inch wells, thirty 0.75-inch piezo-meters, and fifty-two 0.25-inch piezometers. Water levels were measured in 105 wells or piezometers. Surface-water samples were collected at five sites.\r\n\r\nSamples were collected from wells and 0.75-inch piezometers for measurement of field parameters, and analysis of inorganic and organic constituents during three sampling rounds: March, May through June, and July through August of 1999. Inorganic constituents and organic constituents were analyzed in samples collected from 0.25-inch piezometers during three sampling rounds in February through March, May, and September of 1999. Water levels were measured in October and November of 1998, and in February and May of 1999. Surface-water samples were collected between February and August of 1999 for analysis of organic constituents.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00282","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Spencer, T.A., Olsen, L., Lorah, M.M., and Mount, M.M., 2000, Water-quality and water-level data for a freshwater tidal wetland, West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, October 1998-September 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-282, vii, 185 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00282.","productDescription":"vii, 185 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1349,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-282/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, Tracey A.","contributorId":59477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mount, Mastin M.","contributorId":60674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mount","given":"Mastin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27051,"text":"wri004014 - 2000 - Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri004014","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4014","title":"Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Periodic and continual water-level data from 1963 to 1998 were compiled and quality assured for 65 observation wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada. As part of the quality assurance of all water levels, ancillary data pertinent to computing hydraulic heads in wells were compiled and analyzed. Quality-assured water levels that were not necessarily in error but which did not represent static heads in the regional aquifer system, or required some other qualification, were flagged. Water levels flagged include those recovering from recent pumping or well construction, water levels affected by nuclear tests, and measurements affected by borehole deviations.\r\n\r\nA cursory examination of about 30 wells with available water-level and down-hole temperature data indicate that water levels in most wells on Pahute Mesa would not be significantly affected by temperature if corrected to 95 degrees Fahrenheit. Wells with large corrections (greater than 10 feet) are those with long water columns (greater than 1,500 feet of water above the assumed point of inflow) in combination with mean water-column temperatures exceeding 105 degrees Fahrenheit.\r\n\r\nWater-level fluctuations in wells on Pahute Mesa are caused by several factors including infiltration of precipitation, barometric pressure, Earth tides, ground-water pumpage, and seismic events caused by tectonic activity and underground nuclear testing. No observed water-level fluctuations were attributed to a naturally occurring earthquake. The magnitude and duration of changes in water levels caused by nuclear tests are affected by the test size and the distance from a well to the test. Identifying water levels that might be affected by past nuclear tests is difficult because pre-testing water-level data are sparse.\r\n\r\nHydrologically significant trends were found in 13 of 25 wells with multiple years of water-level record. The largest change in water levels (1,029 feet in 25 years) occurred in well U-19v PS 1D as a result of the Almendro nuclear test. Likely explanations for trends in most of the wells are either changes in precipitation patterns that affect recharge rates to the ground-water system, pumping effects from water-supply well U-20 WW, or a combination of these two factors.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004014","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., 2000, Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4014, iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004014.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2196,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4014","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65526e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26090,"text":"wri004003 - 2000 - Electromagnetic surveys to detect clay-rich sediment in the Rio Grande inner valley, Albuquerque area, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri004003","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4003","title":"Electromagnetic surveys to detect clay-rich sediment in the Rio Grande inner valley, Albuquerque area, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Information on the presence of clay-rich layers in the inner-valley \r\nalluvium is essential for quantifying the amount of water transmitted \r\nbetween the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe Group aquifer system. This \r\nreport describes a study that used electromagnetic surveys to provide \r\nthis information. In the first phase of the study, electromagnetic \r\nsoundings were made using time-domain and frequency-domain electro-\r\nmagnetic methods. On the basis of these initial results, the time- \r\ndomain method was judged ineffective because of cultural noise in the \r\nstudy area, so subsequent surveys were made using the frequency-domain\r\nmethod. For the second phase of the study, 31 frequency-domain\r\nelectromagnetic surveys were conducted along the inner valley and\r\nparallel to the Rio Grande in the Albuquerque area in the spring and\r\nsummer of 1997 to determine the presence of hydrologically significant\r\nclay-rich layers buried in the inner-valley alluvium. For this report,\r\nthe 31 survey sections were combined into 10 composite sections for\r\nease of interpretation.\r\n\r\nTerrain-conductivity data from the surveys were modeled \r\nusing interpretation software to produce geoelectric cross sections \r\nalong the survey lines. This modeling used lithologic logs from \r\ntwo wells installed near the survey lines: the Bosque South and \r\nRio Bravo 5 wells. Because of cultural interference, location of \r\nthe wells and soundings, complex stratigraphy, and difficulty \r\ninterpreting lithology, such interpretation was inconclusive. \r\nInstead, a decision process based on modeling results was developed \r\nusing vertical and horizontal dipole 40-meter intercoil spacing \r\nterrain-conductivity values. Values larger than or equal to 20 \r\nmillisiemens per meter were interpreted to contain a \r\nhydrologically significant thickness of clay-rich sediment. \r\nThus, clay-rich sediment was interpreted to underlie seven \r\nsegments of the 10 composited survey lines, totaling at least \r\n2,660 meters of the Rio Grande inner valley. The longest of these \r\nclay-rich segments is a 940-meter reach between Bridge and Rio Bravo \r\nBoulevards.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004003","usgsCitation":"Bartolino, J.R., and Sterling, J.M., 2000, Electromagnetic surveys to detect clay-rich sediment in the Rio Grande inner valley, Albuquerque area, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4003, iv, 45 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004003.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95582,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4003/report.pdf","size":"6230","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartolino, James R. 0000-0002-2166-7803 jrbartol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-7803","contributorId":2548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartolino","given":"James","email":"jrbartol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sterling, Joseph M.","contributorId":26331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sterling","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27321,"text":"wri994284 - 2000 - Hydrology and water quality of Little Cross Creek, Cumberland County, North Carolina, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T12:01:54","indexId":"wri994284","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4284","title":"Hydrology and water quality of Little Cross Creek, Cumberland County, North Carolina, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Little Cross Creek is a small stream located in Cumberland County, North Carolina, in the Sand Hills area of the Coastal Plain Province. From August 1996 through August 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey collected streamflow, water-quality, and time-of-travel data at 10 sites in Little Cross Creek Basin to assess ambient conditions and compute loads of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon.\r\n\r\nStreamflows in the Little Cross Creek Basin responded to climatic factors and to human activities such as water withdrawals and controlled releases from impoundments. Peak streamflows were observed during the passages of Hurricane Fran in September 1996 and Hurricane Josephine in October 1996. Streamflows generally were lowest during the summer and early fall of 1997, reflecting drought conditions associated with a prevailing El Nino. At most sites, average streamflow per unit drainage area, or yield, was higher than yields reported previously for the Sand Hills. High yields may have resulted from unidentified inputs of water to the study basins or from underestimation of the contributing drainage area.\r\n\r\nBonnie Doone Lake, Kornbow Lake, Mintz Pond, and Glenville Lake, four impoundments of Little Cross Creek, notably influence hydrology and water quality in the basin. Streamflow records indicate that these impoundments dampen peak stormflows and delay the downstream release of stormwater. Time of travel also is affected by seasonal stratification in the reservoirs. In general, sites downstream from reservoirs have lower concentrations of suspended sediment, turbidity, and total phosphorus than sites upstream from reservoirs or sites that receive stormwater runoff.\r\n\r\nFew water-quality problems were observed in the Little Cross Creek Basin for the constituents that were sampled. However, fecal coliform bacteria commonly exceeded 200 colonies per 100 milliliters at two of the seven monitored sites during the study. Relatively high concentrations of specific conductance, total phosphorus, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen were observed in Clark Pond Creek, a tributary to Little Cross Creek.\r\n\r\nLoads and yields of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were computed for the period from October 1996 through September 1997. The highest suspended-sediment yield (230 tons per square mile per year) occurred upstream from Bonnie Doone Lake, probably because there were no impoundments upstream from this site to intercept sediment. Sediment yields at the remaining Little Cross Creek sites were low relative to yields reported from other urban basins in North Carolina. Downstream from Kornbow Lake, yields of suspended sediment (9.50 tons per square mile per year) and total phosphorus (0.011 ton per square mile per year) were very low. Clark Pond Creek had the highest yields ot total phosphorus (0.081 ton per square mile per year) and total organic carbon (11.5 tons per square mile per year). However, total phosphorus yields at all of the Little Cross Creek sites generally were lower than yields measured in other urban basins in the State.\r\n\r\nComparison of inflow and outflow loads for the four Little Cross Creek reservoirs from October 1996 through September 1997 indicated that Bonnie Doone Lake trapped 92 percent of incoming sediment and 37 percent of incoming total phosphorus. Kornbow Lake trapped 57 percent of incoming sediment and 77 percent of total phosphorus inputs. Nitrogen was not effectively trapped by any of the reservoirs. An influx of sediment, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon was noted at a site downstream from Mintz Pond, and may have resulted from stormwater discharge from the U.S. Highway 401 bypass or from additional, unidentified sources in the watershed downstream from Kornbow Lake.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994284","usgsCitation":"Giorgino, M.J., and Middleton, T.L., 2000, Hydrology and water quality of Little Cross Creek, Cumberland County, North Carolina, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4284, vi, 78 p. :ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994284.","productDescription":"vi, 78 p. :ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4284/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56189,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4284/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Cumberland County","otherGeospatial":"Little Cross 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Mary J.","contributorId":55862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Terry L.","contributorId":28999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27836,"text":"wri004049 - 2000 - Lagtime relations for urban streams in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:44:20","indexId":"wri004049","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4049","title":"Lagtime relations for urban streams in Georgia","docAbstract":"Urban flood hydrographs are needed for the design of many highway drainage structures, embankments, and entrances to detention ponds. The three components that are needed to simulate urban flood hydrographs at ungaged sites are the design flood, the dimensionless hydrograph, and lagtime. The design flood and the dimensionless hydrograph have been presented in earlier studies for urban streams in Georgia. The objective of this study was to develop equations for estimating lagtime for urban streams in Georgia. \r\n\r\nLagtimes were computed for 329 floods at 69 urban gaging stations in 11 cities in Georgia. These data were used to compute an average lagtime for each gaging station. Multiple regression analysis was then used to define relations between lagtime and certain physical basin characteristics, of which drainage area, slope, and impervious area were found to be significant. A qualitative variable was used to account for a geographical bias in flood-frequency region 4, a small area of southwestern Georgia. \r\n\r\nInformation from this report can be used to simulate a flood hydrograph using a dimensionless hydrograph, the design flood, and the lagtime obtained from regression equations for any urban site with less than a 25-square-mile drainage area in Georgia.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004049","usgsCitation":"Inman, E.J., 2000, Lagtime relations for urban streams in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4049, iii, 12 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004049.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b43dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inman, Ernest J.","contributorId":51719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25670,"text":"wri994283 - 2000 - Methods of rating unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics of public water supplies in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T11:52:37","indexId":"wri994283","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4283","title":"Methods of rating unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics of public water supplies in North Carolina","docAbstract":"Overlay and index methods were derived for rating the unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics for use by the State of North Carolina in assessing more than 11,000 public water-supply wells and approximately 245 public surface-water intakes. The rating of the unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics represents a practical and effective means of assessing part of the inherent vulnerability of water supplies to potential contamination. Factors that influence the inherent vulnerability of the drinking water supply to potential contamination were selected and assigned ratings (on a scale of 1 to 10) to cover the possible range of values in North Carolina. These factors were assigned weights of 1, 2, or 3 to reflect their relative influence on the inherent vulnerability of the drinking water supply. The factor values were obtained from Geographic Information System data layers, and were transformed into grids having 60-meter by 60-meter cells, with each cell being assigned a value.\r\n\r\nIdentification of factors, the development of ratings for each, and assignment of weights were based on (1) a literature search, which included examination of potential factors and their effects on the drinking water; and (2) consultation with experts in the science and engineering of hydrology, geology, forestry, agriculture, and water management.\r\n\r\nFactors selected for rating the inherent vulnerability of the unsaturated zone are vertical hydraulic conductance, land-surface slope, land cover, and land use. Vertical hydraulic conductance is a measure of the capacity of unsaturated material to transmit water. Land-surface slope influences whether precipitation runs off land surfaces or infiltrates into the subsurface. Land cover, the physical overlay of the land surface, influences the amount of precipitation that becomes overland flow or infiltrates into the subsurface. Land use describes activities that occur on the land surface and influence the potential generation of nonpoint-source contamination.\r\n\r\nFactors selected for rating the watershed characteristics upstream from surface-water intakes are average annual precipitation, land-surface slope, land cover, land use, and ground-water contribution. The average annual precipitation represents the mass of water that becomes available for transport in a watershed. Land-surface slope, land cover, and land use have similar influences in watersheds as those identified for the unsaturated zone. Ground-water contribution represents the part of streamflow that is derived from ground-water discharge.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994283","usgsCitation":"Eimers, J., Weaver, J., Terziotti, S., and Midgette, R., 2000, Methods of rating unsaturated zone and watershed characteristics of public water supplies in North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4283, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994283.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1957,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Midgette, R.W.","contributorId":44955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midgette","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":24147,"text":"ofr00170 - 2000 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of ammonium plus organic nitrogen by a Kjeldahl digestion method and an automated photometric finish that includes digest cleanup by gas diffusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T18:28:35.651871","indexId":"ofr00170","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-170","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of ammonium plus organic nitrogen by a Kjeldahl digestion method and an automated photometric finish that includes digest cleanup by gas diffusion","docAbstract":"The National Water Quality Laboratory\n(NWQL) determined ammonium plus organic\nnitrogen (Kjeldahl nitrogen) by using semiautomated,\nblock digester methods for filtered\nand whole-water samples from 1986 until\nOctober 1, 1991. During that time,\nphosphorus was determined by a persulfate\ndigestion method. In 1991, projected\nincreases in demand for both tests by the U.S.\nGeological Survey?s National Water-Quality\nAssessment Program led the NWQL to\ndevelop and validate methods for determining\nboth analytes in a common digest.\nThis report describes a rapid and\naccurate method to determine Kjeldahl\nnitrogen. The batch, high-temperature (block\ndigester), Hg (II)-catalyzed digestion step\nused in the new methods I-2515-91/4515-91 is\nsimilar to U.S. Geological Survey methods\nI-2552-85/4552-85 and U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency method 351.2 except that\nsample and reagent volumes are halved.\nPrepared digests are desolvated at 220 degrees\nCelsius (oC) and digested at 370oC in separate\nblock digesters set at these temperatures,\nrather than in a single, temperatureprogrammed\nblock digester. This approach\npermits 40 calibrants, reference materials, and\nsamples to be digested and resolvated in about\nan hour. Ammonium ions originally present\nin samples, along with those released during\nthe digestion step, are determined photometrically\nby an automated, salicylatehypochlorite\nBerthelot reaction procedure at a\nrate of 90 tests per hour. About 100\nmicroliters of digest are required per\ndetermination. The upper concentration level\nis 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) with a\nmethod detection level of 0.05 mg/L.\nRepeatability for a sample containing about\n4.1 mg/L of Kjeldahl nitrogen in a high\nsuspended-solids matrix is 3.1 percent.\nBetween-day precision for the same sample is\n4.8 percent.\nA gas diffusion cell in the air-segmented\ncontinuous flow analyzer eliminates\nparticulates and ions that otherwise would\ninterfere in the photometric finish. A singlechannel\nanalyzer can process the resolvated\ndigests from two pairs of block digesters each\nhour. Statistical analysis of paired data for\nabout 1,500 samples determined by U.S.\nGeological Survey methods I-2552-85/4552-\n85 and I-2515-91/4515-91 during method\nvalidation revealed a median concentration\ndifference between the former and the latter\nmethods of about 0.1 mg-N/L. This result was\nexpected because digestion blank concentrations\n(nearly equal to 0.1 mg/L) were not\nsubtracted from concentrations reported by\nmethods I-2552-85/4552-85. A 10-year\nrecord of National Water Quality Laboratory\nKjeldahl nitrogen blind blank concentration\ndata also supports a step-change decrease in\nKjeldahl nitrogen concentrations of about 0.1\nmg/L after methods I-2552-85/4552-85 were\nreplaced by methods I-2515-91/4515-91 on\nOctober 1, 1991. Somewhat larger\nconcentration differences between the two methods were observed for a subset of about\n350 samples with nitrate plus nitrite\nconcentrations greater than 1 mg-N/L.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00170","usgsCitation":"Patton, C.J., and Truitt, E.P., 2000, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of ammonium plus organic nitrogen by a Kjeldahl digestion method and an automated photometric finish that includes digest cleanup by gas diffusion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-170, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00170.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0170/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53291,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0170/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bb9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, Charles J. cjpatton@usgs.gov","contributorId":809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"Charles","email":"cjpatton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":191402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truitt, Earl P.","contributorId":65877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truitt","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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