Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is the most widespread tree species in North America and has supported a unique ecosystem for tens of thousands of years, yet is currently threatened by dramatic loss and possible local extinctions. While multiple factors such as climate change and fire suppression are thought to contribute to aspen’s decline, increased browsing by elk (Cervus elaphus), which have experienced dramatic population increases in the last ∼80 years, may severely inhibit aspen growth and regeneration. Fires are known to favor aspen recovery, but in the last several decades the spatial scale and intensity of wildfires has greatly increased, with poorly understood ramifications for aspen growth. Here, focusing on the 2000 Cerro Grande fire in central New Mexico – one of the earliest fires described as a “mega-fire” - we use three methods to examine the impact of elk browsing on aspen regeneration after a mega-fire. First, we use an exclosure experiment to show that aspen growing in the absence of elk were 3× taller than trees growing in the presence of elk. Further, aspen that were both protected from elk and experienced burning were 8.5× taller than unburned trees growing in the presence of elk, suggesting that the combination of release from herbivores and stimulation from fire creates the largest aspen growth rates. Second, using surveys at the landscape level, we found a correlation between elk browsing intensity and aspen height, such that where elk browsing was highest, aspen were shortest. This relationship between elk browsing intensity and aspen height was stronger in burned (r = −0.53) compared to unburned (r = −0.24) areas. Third, in conjunction with the landscape-level surveys, we identified possible natural refugia, microsites containing downed logs, shrubs etc. that may inhibit elk browsing by physically blocking aspen from elk or by impeding elk’s ability to move through the forest patch. We did not find any consistent patterns between refuge elements and aspen size or canopy cover suggesting that natural refugia are not aiding in aspen recruitment and that all young aspen were susceptible to browsing. In much of their normal range, aspen are not growing to large size classes, which threatens the future of this iconic species and calls into question the ability of ecosystems to recover from mega-fires. Our results highlight the importance of considering multiple interacting factors (i.e. fire and increased elk browsing) when considering aspen management and regeneration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.020","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.S., Fettig, S.M., and Bowker, M.A., 2016, Elevated Rocky Mountain elk numbers prevent positive effects of fire on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) recruitment: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 362, p. 46-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.020.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067527","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Cerro Grande","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.42507553100586,\n 35.858309181565716\n ],\n [\n -106.42507553100586,\n 35.881122573005875\n ],\n [\n -106.38971328735352,\n 35.881122573005875\n ],\n [\n -106.38971328735352,\n 35.858309181565716\n ],\n [\n -106.42507553100586,\n 35.858309181565716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"362","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"573ee3afe4b04a3a6a24acf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David Solance","contributorId":169498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Solance","affiliations":[{"id":25534,"text":"Dept. of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona Univ, PO Box 15018, Flagstaff AZ 86011; current address: Denison Univ, Dept of Biology, PO Box 810, Granville, OH 43023. Email: smithd@denison.edu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fettig, Stephen M.","contributorId":169499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fettig","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25535,"text":"U.S. National Park Service, Bandelier National Monument, 15 Entrance Rd., Los Alamos, NM 87544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":629813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191079,"text":"70191079 - 2016 - Mountain pine beetle host selection between lodgepole and ponderosa pines in the southern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-25T11:36:23","indexId":"70191079","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1536,"text":"Environmental Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mountain pine beetle host selection between lodgepole and ponderosa pines in the southern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Recent evidence of range expansion and host transition by mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins; MPB) has suggested that MPB may not primarily breed in their natal host, but will switch hosts to an alternate tree species. As MPB populations expanded in lodgepole pine forests in the southern Rocky Mountains, we investigated the potential for movement into adjacent ponderosa pine forests. We conducted field and laboratory experiments to evaluate four aspects of MPB population dynamics and host selection behavior in the two hosts: emergence timing, sex ratios, host choice, and reproductive success. We found that peak MPB emergence from both hosts occurred simultaneously between late July and early August, and the sex ratio of emerging beetles did not differ between hosts. In two direct tests of MPB host selection, we identified a strong preference by MPB for ponderosa versus lodgepole pine. At field sites, we captured naturally emerging beetles from both natal hosts in choice arenas containing logs of both species. In the laboratory, we offered sections of bark and phloem from both species to individual insects in bioassays. In both tests, insects infested ponderosa over lodgepole pine at a ratio of almost 2:1, regardless of natal host species. Reproductive success (offspring/female) was similar in colonized logs of both hosts. Overall, our findings suggest that MPB may exhibit equally high rates of infestation and fecundity in an alternate host under favorable conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvv167","usgsCitation":"West, D.R., Briggs, J.S., Jacobi, W.R., and Negron, J.F., 2016, Mountain pine beetle host selection between lodgepole and ponderosa pines in the southern Rocky Mountains: Environmental Entomology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 127-141, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvv167.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"141","ipdsId":"IP-057981","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","volume":"45","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ca15b1e4b017cf314041d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, Daniel R.","contributorId":196678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Jenny S. 0000-0001-7454-6928 jsbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7454-6928","contributorId":3087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Jenny","email":"jsbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobi, William R.","contributorId":196679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobi","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Negron, Jose F.","contributorId":195663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Negron","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178051,"text":"70178051 - 2016 - Avian response to fire in pine–oak forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park following decades of fire suppression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T12:51:43","indexId":"70178051","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian response to fire in pine–oak forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park following decades of fire suppression","docAbstract":"Fire suppression in southern Appalachian pine–oak forests during the past century dramatically altered the bird community. Fire return intervals decreased, resulting in local extirpation or population declines of many bird species adapted to post-fire plant communities. Within Great Smoky Mountains National Park, declines have been strongest for birds inhabiting xeric pine–oak forests that depend on frequent fire. The buildup of fuels after decades of fire suppression led to changes in the 1996 Great Smoky Mountains Fire Management Plan. Although fire return intervals remain well below historic levels, management changes have helped increase the amount of fire within the park over the past 20 years, providing an opportunity to study patterns of fire severity, time since burn, and bird occurrence. We combined avian point counts in burned and unburned areas with remote sensing indices of fire severity to infer temporal changes in bird occurrence for up to 28 years following fire. Using hierarchical linear models that account for the possibility of a species presence at a site when no individuals are detected, we developed occurrence models for 24 species: 13 occurred more frequently in burned areas, 2 occurred less frequently, and 9 showed no significant difference between burned and unburned areas. Within burned areas, the top models for each species included fire severity, time since burn, or both, suggesting that fire influenced patterns of species occurrence for all 24 species. Our findings suggest that no single fire management strategy will suit all species. To capture peak occupancy for the entire bird community within xeric pine–oak forests, at least 3 fire regimes may be necessary; one applying frequent low severity fire, another using infrequent low severity fire, and a third using infrequently applied high severity fire.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-15-85.1","usgsCitation":"Rose, E., and Simons, T.R., 2016, Avian response to fire in pine–oak forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park following decades of fire suppression: The Condor, v. 118, no. 1, p. 179-193, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-15-85.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"193","ipdsId":"IP-065583","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-15-85.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c4e4b0bb36a4c9102b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Eli T.","contributorId":145699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"Eli T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182744,"text":"70182744 - 2016 - Erosional and depositional history of the Atlantic passive margin as recorded in detrital zircon fission-track ages and lithic detritus in Atlantic Coastal plain sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T15:40:14.335702","indexId":"70182744","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosional and depositional history of the Atlantic passive margin as recorded in detrital zircon fission-track ages and lithic detritus in Atlantic Coastal plain sediments","docAbstract":"Comparison of fission-track (FT) ages of detrital zircons recovered from Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments to FT ages of zircons from bedrock in source terranes in the Appalachians provides a key to understanding the provenance of the sediments and, in turn, the erosional and depositional history of the Atlantic passive margin.
In Appalachian source terranes, the oldest zircon fission-track (ZFT) ages from bedrock in the western Appalachians (defined for this paper as the Appalachian Plateau, Valley and Ridge, and far western Blue Ridge) are notably older than the oldest ages from bedrock in the eastern Appalachians (Piedmont and main part of the Blue Ridge). The age difference is seen both in ZFT sample ages and in individual zircon grain ages and reflects differences in the thermotectonic history of the rocks. In the east, ZFT data indicate that the rocks cooled from temperatures high enough to partially or totally reset ZFT ages during the Paleozoic and (or) Mesozoic. The majority of the rocks are interpreted to have cooled through the ZFT closure temperature (∼235 °C) at various times during the late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny. In contrast, most of the rocks sampled in the western Appalachians have never been heated to temperatures high enough to totally reset their ZFT ages. Reflecting their contrasting thermotectonic histories, nearly 80 percent of the sampled western rocks yield one or more zircon grains with very old FT ages, in excess of 800 Ma; zircon grains yielding FT ages this old have not been found in rocks in the Piedmont and main part of the Blue Ridge. The ZFT data suggest that the asymmetry of zircon ages of exposed bedrock in the eastern and western Appalachians was in evidence by no later than the Early Cretaceous and probably by the Late Triassic.
Detrital zircon suites from sands collected in the Atlantic Coastal Plain provide a record of detritus eroded from source terranes in the Appalachians during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. In Virginia and Maryland, sands of Early Cretaceous through late early Oligocene age do not yield any old zircons comparable in age to the old zircons found in bedrock in the western Appalachians. Very old zircons yielding FT ages >800 Ma are only encountered in Coastal Plain sands of middle early Miocene and younger age.
Miocene and younger fluvial-deltaic deposits associated with the major mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain rivers that now head in the western Appalachians (the Hudson, Delaware, Susquehanna, Potomac, James, and Roanoke) contain abundant clasts of fossiliferous chert and quartzite and other distinctive rock types derived from Paleozoic rocks of the western Appalachians. These distinctive clasts have not been reported in older Coastal Plain sediments.
The ZFT and lithic detritus data indicate that the drainage divide for one or more east-flowing mid-Atlantic rivers migrated west into the western Appalachians, and the river(s) began transporting western Appalachian detritus to the Atlantic Coastal Plain, sometime between the late early Oligocene and middle early Miocene. By no later than late middle Miocene most if not all of the major rivers that now head west of the Blue Ridge were transporting western Appalachian detritus to the Coastal Plain. Prior to the drainage divide migrating into the western Appalachians, the ZFT data are consistent with the dominant source of Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments being detritus from the Piedmont and main part of the Blue Ridge, with possible input from distant volcanic sources.
The ZFT data suggest that the rapid increase in the rate of siliciclastic sediment accumulation in middle Atlantic margin offshore basins that peaked in the middle Miocene and produced almost 30 percent of the total volume of post-rift siliciclastic sediments in the offshore basins began in the early Miocene when Atlantic river(s) gained access to the relatively easily eroded Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the western Appalachians.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/02.2016.02","usgsCitation":"Naeser, C.W., Naeser, N., Edwards, L.E., Weems, R.E., Southworth, C.S., and Newell, W.L., 2016, Erosional and depositional history of the Atlantic passive margin as recorded in detrital zircon fission-track ages and lithic detritus in Atlantic Coastal plain sediments: American Journal of Science, v. 316, no. 2, p. 110-168, https://doi.org/10.2475/02.2016.02.","productDescription":"59 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"168","ipdsId":"IP-019078","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"316","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a41e4b01ccd54ff3f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naeser, N.D.","contributorId":184146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naeser","given":"N.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Southworth, C. Scott 0000-0002-7976-7807 ssouthwo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-7807","contributorId":1608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"C.","email":"ssouthwo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Newell, Wayne L. wnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne","email":"wnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70115557,"text":"70115557 - 2016 - Survival of female mallards along the Vermont-Quebec border region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T15:26:49.243648","indexId":"70115557","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of female mallards along the Vermont-Quebec border region","docAbstract":"Understanding effects of location and timing of harvest seasons on mortality of ducks and geese from hunting is important in forming regulations that sustain viable waterfowl populations throughout their range. During 1990 and 1991 we alternately marked 80 hatching year (HY), female mallards along the Vermont–Quebec border; half with radio-transmitters and bands and half with only aluminum leg bands. We monitored radio-marked ducks daily and recorded survival status weekly for 15 weeks from August until December each year. Mallard mortalities began 25 September when the hunting season opened in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Overall survival of mallards at week 10 did not differ between years (0.51 in 1990 vs. 0.43 in 1991) or differ from that of HY American black ducks (0.44 females, 0.42 males) based on proportional hazard analysis in a Bayesian framework. The mortality rates for mallards from hunting (0.47) and causes unrelated to hunting (0.06) were similar between years and to those rates for HY black ducks at that same site. Hunter harvest accounted for most of the mortality recorded during this study and illegal feeding (i.e., baiting) at sites just before and during the hunting season was observed. Females with lower body condition index had greater mortality rates; a 1-standard-deviation increase in condition index would reduce mortality hazard by about 29%. Management options that may increase mallard survival in the area include lowering daily bag limit in Quebec and suspending split hunting seasons in Vermont that increase harvest, delaying opening date of hunting in Quebec to allow for increased body condition before hunting season opens, and improving enforcement of baiting restrictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1013","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., McAuley, D.G., Heisey, D.M., Bunck, C.M., and Clugston, D.A., 2016, Survival of female mallards along the Vermont-Quebec border region: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 2, p. 355-367, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"367","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057509","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Quebec, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.23623657226562,\n 44.91181802825403\n ],\n [\n -73.23623657226562,\n 45.03083274759959\n ],\n [\n -73.0755615234375,\n 45.03083274759959\n ],\n [\n -73.0755615234375,\n 44.91181802825403\n ],\n [\n -73.23623657226562,\n 44.91181802825403\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c344e4b0e02680be59e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":45447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G. dmcauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":519023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heisey, Dennis M. dheisey@usgs.gov","contributorId":2455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"Dennis","email":"dheisey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunck, Christine M. cbunck@usgs.gov","contributorId":731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"Christine","email":"cbunck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":642096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clugston, David A.","contributorId":172791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clugston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189144,"text":"70189144 - 2016 - Fertility of the early post-eruptive surfaces of Kasatochi Island volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T13:53:20","indexId":"70189144","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fertility of the early post-eruptive surfaces of Kasatochi Island volcano","docAbstract":"In the four years after the 2008 eruption and burial of Kasatochi Island volcano, erosion and the return of bird activity have resulted in new and altered land surfaces and initiation of ecosystem recovery. We examined fertility characteristics of the recently deposited pyroclastic surfaces, patches of legacy pre-eruptive surface soil (LS), and a post-eruptive surface with recent bird roosting activity. Pyroclastic materials were found lacking in N, but P, K, and other macronutrients were in sufficient supply for plants. Erosion and leaching are moving mobile P and Fe downslope to deposition fan areas. Legacy soil patches that currently support plants have available-N at levels (10–22 mg N kg-1) similar to those added by birds in a recent bird roosting area. Roosting increased surface available N from <1 mg N kg-1 in the new pyroclastic surfaces to up to 42 mg N kg-1 and increased soil biological respiration of CO2 from essentially zero to a level about 40% that of the LS surface. Laboratory plant growth trials using Lupinus nootkatensis and Leymus mollis indicated that the influence of eroded and redeposited LS in amounts as little as 10% by volume mixed with new pyroclastic materials could aid plant recovery by supplying vital N and soil biota to plants as propagules are introduced to the new surface. Erosion-exposure of fertile pre-eruptive soils and erosion-mixing of pre-eruptive soils with newly erupted materials, along with inputs of nutrients from bird activities, each will exert significant influences on the surface fertility and recovery pattern of the new post-eruptive Kasatochi volcano. For this environment, these influences could help to speed recovery of a more diverse plant community by providing N (LS and bird inputs) as alternatives to relying most heavily on N-fixing plants to build soil fertility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado","doi":"10.1657/AAAR0014-089","usgsCitation":"Michaelson, G.J., Wang, B., and Ping, C., 2016, Fertility of the early post-eruptive surfaces of Kasatochi Island volcano: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 48, no. 1, p. 45-59, https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0014-089.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"59","ipdsId":"IP-061100","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1657/aaar0014-089","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasatochi Island Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -175.5369758605957,\n 52.15708463620445\n ],\n [\n -175.48633575439453,\n 52.15708463620445\n ],\n [\n -175.48633575439453,\n 52.18829929601143\n ],\n [\n -175.5369758605957,\n 52.18829929601143\n ],\n [\n -175.5369758605957,\n 52.15708463620445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeea40e4b0da30c1bfc5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michaelson, G. J.","contributorId":194081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michaelson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ping, C. L.","contributorId":194082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ping","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176519,"text":"70176519 - 2016 - Impacts of climate change on land-use and wetland productivity in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T11:36:55","indexId":"70176519","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3242,"text":"Regional Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of climate change on land-use and wetland productivity in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America","docAbstract":"Wetland productivity in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is closely linked to climate. A warmer and drier climate, as predicted, will negatively affect the productivity of PPR wetlands and the services they provide. The effect of climate change on wetland productivity, however, will not only depend on natural processes (e.g., evapotranspiration), but also on human responses. Agricultural land use, the predominant use in the PPR, is unlikely to remain static as climate change affects crop yields and prices. Land use in uplands surrounding wetlands will further affect wetland water budgets and hence wetland productivity. The net impact of climate change on wetland productivity will therefore depend on both the direct effects of climate change on wetlands and the indirect effects on upland land use. We examine the effect of climate change and land-use response on semipermanent wetland productivity by combining an economic model of agricultural land-use change with an ecological model of wetland dynamics. Our results suggest that the climate change scenarios evaluated are likely to have profound effects on land use in the North and South Dakota PPR, with wheat displacing other crops and pasture. The combined pressure of land-use and climate change significantly reduces wetland productivity. In a climate scenario with a +4 °C increase in temperature, our model predicts that almost the entire region may lack the wetland productivity necessary to support wetland-dependent species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10113-015-0768-3","usgsCitation":"Rashford, B.S., Adams, R.M., Wu, J., Voldseth, R.A., Guntenspergen, G.R., Werner, B., and Johnson, W., 2016, Impacts of climate change on land-use and wetland productivity in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America: Regional Environmental Change, v. 16, no. 2, p. 515-526, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0768-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"526","ipdsId":"IP-061526","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6cfe4b0bc0bec09cb78","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s10113-015-0768-3","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0768-3","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Rashford Benjamin S., Adams Richard M., Wu JunJie, Voldseth Richard A., Guntenspergen Glenn R., Werner Brett, Johnson W. Carter","journalName":"Regional Environmental Change","publicationDate":"2/17/2015","auditedOn":"7/29/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"2/17/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rashford, Benjamin S.","contributorId":174506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rashford","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6656,"text":"University of Wyoming, Renewable Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Richard M.","contributorId":174709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Jun","contributorId":174710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Jun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voldseth, Richard A.","contributorId":98453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voldseth","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Werner, Brett","contributorId":47073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Brett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, W. Carter","contributorId":17548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W. Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70176521,"text":"70176521 - 2016 - Greenhouse gas fluxes from salt marshes exposed to chronic nutrient enrichment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:12:22","indexId":"70176521","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greenhouse gas fluxes from salt marshes exposed to chronic nutrient enrichment","docAbstract":"We assessed the impact of nutrient additions on greenhouse gas fluxes using dark static chambers in a microtidal and a macrotidal marsh along the coast of New Brunswick, Canada approximately monthly over a year. Both were experimentally fertilized for six years with varying levels of N and P. For unfertilized, N and NPK treatments, average yearly CO2 emissions (which represent only respiration) at the microtidal marsh (13, 19, and 28 mmoles CO2 m-2 hr-1, respectively) were higher than at the macrotidal marsh (12, 15, and 19 mmoles m-2 hr-1, respectively, with a flux under the additional high N/low P treatment of 21 mmoles m-2 hr-1). Response of CH4 to fertilization was more variable. At the macrotidal marsh average yearly fluxes were 1.29, 1.26, and 0.77 μmol CH4 m-2 hr-1 with control, N, and NPK treatments, respectively and 1.21 μmol m-2 hr-1 under high N/low P treatment. At the microtidal marsh CH4fluxes were 0.23, 0.16, and -0.24 μmol CH4 m-2 hr-1 in control, N, and NPK and treatments, respectively. Fertilization changed soils from sinks to sources of N2O. Average yearly N2O fluxes at the macrotidal marsh were -0.07, 0.08, and 1.70, μmol N2O m-2 hr-1 in control, N, NPK and treatments, respectively and 0.35 μmol m-2 hr-1 under high N/low P treatment. For the control, N, and NPK treatments at the microtidal marsh N2O fluxes were -0.05, 0.30, and 0.52 μmol N2O m-2 hr-1, respectively. Our results indicate that N2O fluxes are likely to vary with the source of pollutant nutrients but emissions will be lower if N is not accompanied by an adequate supply of P (e.g., atmospheric deposition vs sewage or agricultural runoff). With chronic fertilization the global warming potential of the increased N2O emissions may be enough to offset the global cooling potential of the C sequestered by salt marshes.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0149937","usgsCitation":"Chmura, G.L., Kellman, L., van Ardenne, L., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 2016, Greenhouse gas fluxes from salt marshes exposed to chronic nutrient enrichment: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 2, e0149937; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149937.","productDescription":"e0149937; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-067399","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149937","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"New Brunswick","volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6cfe4b0bc0bec09cb76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chmura, Gail L.","contributorId":59938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chmura","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellman, Lisa","contributorId":20066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellman","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Ardenne, Lee","contributorId":174713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Ardenne","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184449,"text":"70184449 - 2016 - Dimensionless erosion laws for cohesive sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:37:36","indexId":"70184449","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dimensionless erosion laws for cohesive sediment","docAbstract":"A method of achieving a dimensionless collapse of erosion-rate data for cohesive sediments is proposed and shown to work well for data collected in flume-erosion tests on mixtures of sand and mud (silt plus clay sized particles) for a wide range of mud fraction. The data collapse corresponds to a dimensional erosion law of the form
Extreme space-weather events — intense solar and geomagnetic storms — have occurred in the past: most recently in 1859, 1921 and 1989. So scientists expect that, sooner or later, another extremely intense spaceweather event will strike Earth again. Such storms have the potential to cause widespread interference with and damage to technological systems. A National Academy of Sciences study projects that an extreme space-weather event could end up costing the American economy more than $1 trillion. The question now is whether or not we will take the actions needed to avoid such expensive consequences. Let’s assume that we do. Below is an imagined scenario of how, sometime in the future, an extreme space-weather event might play out.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2016, Weathering a Perfect Storm from Space: Earth Magazine, v. 61, no. 2, p. 8-9.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071270","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/content/february-2016-table-contents"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bb1bd3e4b08d617f654e8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156877,"text":"70156877 - 2016 - Mapping extent and change in surface mines within the United States for 2001 to 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T17:07:18","indexId":"70156877","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2597,"text":"Land Degradation and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping extent and change in surface mines within the United States for 2001 to 2006","docAbstract":"A complete, spatially explicit dataset illustrating the 21st century mining footprint for the conterminous United States does not exist. To address this need, we developed a semi-automated procedure to map the country's mining footprint (30-m pixel) and establish a baseline to monitor changes in mine extent over time. The process uses mine seed points derived from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), and USGS National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) and recodes patches of barren land that meet a “distance to seed” requirement and a patch area requirement before mapping a pixel as mining. Seed points derived from EIA coal points, an edited MRDS point file, and 1992 NLCD mine points were used in three separate efforts using different distance and patch area parameters for each. The three products were then merged to create a 2001 map of moderate-to-large mines in the United States, which was subsequently manually edited to reduce omission and commission errors. This process was replicated using NLCD 2006 barren pixels as a base layer to create a 2006 mine map and a 2001–2006 mine change map focusing on areas with surface mine expansion. In 2001, 8,324 km2 of surface mines were mapped. The footprint increased to 9,181 km2 in 2006, representing a 10·3% increase over 5 years. These methods exhibit merit as a timely approach to generate wall-to-wall, spatially explicit maps representing the recent extent of a wide range of surface mining activities across the country.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley and Sons","doi":"10.1002/ldr.2412","usgsCitation":"Soulard, C.E., Acevedo, W., Stehman, S.V., and Parker, O.P., 2016, Mapping extent and change in surface mines within the United States for 2001 to 2006: Land Degradation and Development, v. 27, no. 2, p. 248-257, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2412.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"257","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054963","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f27ce4b07dd077c6a55d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehman, Stephen V.","contributorId":77283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, Owen P.","contributorId":147263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6785,"text":"USGS Contractor, Minerals & Environmental Resources Sci Ctr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182721,"text":"70182721 - 2016 - Comparison of measurement- and proxy-based Vs30 values in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:42:27","indexId":"70182721","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of measurement- and proxy-based Vs30 values in California","docAbstract":"This study was prompted by the recent availability of a significant amount of openly accessible measured VS30 values and the desire to investigate the trend of using proxy-based models to predict VS30 in the absence of measurements. Comparisons between measured and model-based values were performed. The measured data included 503 VS30 values collected from various projects for 482 seismographic station sites in California. Six proxy-based models—employing geologic mapping, topographic slope, and terrain classification—were also considered. Included was a new terrain class model based on the Yong et al. (2012) approach but recalibrated with updated measured VS30 values. Using the measured VS30 data as the metric for performance, the predictive capabilities of the six models were determined to be statistically indistinguishable. This study also found three models that tend to underpredict VS30 at lower velocities (NEHRP Site Classes D–E) and overpredict at higher velocities (Site Classes B–C).
","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute ","doi":"10.1193/013114EQS025M","usgsCitation":"Yong, A.K., 2016, Comparison of measurement- and proxy-based Vs30 values in California: Earthquake Spectra, v. 32, no. 1, p. 171-192, https://doi.org/10.1193/013114EQS025M.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"171","endPage":"192","ipdsId":"IP-056058","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c1e4b01ccd54fddfba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yong, Alan K. 0000-0003-1807-5847 yong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":1554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","email":"yong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192535,"text":"70192535 - 2016 - Ungulate reproductive parameters track satellite observations of plant phenology across latitude and climatological regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T13:15:55","indexId":"70192535","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ungulate reproductive parameters track satellite observations of plant phenology across latitude and climatological regimes","docAbstract":"The effect of climatically-driven plant phenology on mammalian reproduction is one key to predicting species-specific demographic responses to climate change. Large ungulates face their greatest energetic demands from the later stages of pregnancy through weaning, and so in seasonal environments parturition dates should match periods of high primary productivity. Interannual variation in weather influences the quality and timing of forage availability, which can influence neonatal survival. Here, we evaluated macro-scale patterns in reproductive performance of a widely distributed ungulate (mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus) across contrasting climatological regimes using satellite-derived indices of primary productivity and plant phenology over eight degrees of latitude (890 km) in the American Southwest. The dataset comprised > 180,000 animal observations taken from 54 populations over eight years (2004–2011). Regionally, both the start and peak of growing season (“Start” and “Peak”, respectively) are negatively and significantly correlated with latitude, an unusual pattern stemming from a change in the dominance of spring snowmelt in the north to the influence of the North American Monsoon in the south. Corresponding to the timing and variation in both the Start and Peak, mule deer reproduction was latest, lowest, and most variable at lower latitudes where plant phenology is timed to the onset of monsoonal moisture. Parturition dates closely tracked the growing season across space, lagging behind the Start and preceding the Peak by 27 and 23 days, respectively. Mean juvenile production increased, and variation decreased, with increasing latitude. Temporally, juvenile production was best predicted by primary productivity during summer, which encompassed late pregnancy, parturition, and early lactation. Our findings offer a parsimonious explanation of two key reproductive parameters in ungulate demography, timing of parturition and mean annual production, across latitude and changing climatological regimes. Practically, this demonstrates the potential for broad-scale modeling of couplings between climate, plant phenology, and animal populations using space-borne observations.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0148780","usgsCitation":"Stoner, D., Sexton, J.O., Nagol, J., Bernales, H.H., and Edwards, T., 2016, Ungulate reproductive parameters track satellite observations of plant phenology across latitude and climatological regimes: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 2, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148780.","productDescription":"e0148780; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-061623","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148780","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Chihuahuan Desert, Colorado Plateau, Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 33.63291573870479\n ],\n [\n -108.61083984375,\n 33.63291573870479\n ],\n [\n -108.61083984375,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 33.63291573870479\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ea6ce4b09af898c8cc86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoner, David","contributorId":191912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoner","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexton, Joseph O.","contributorId":191918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagol, Jyoteshwar","contributorId":198512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagol","given":"Jyoteshwar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernales, Heather H.","contributorId":198513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernales","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":191916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159446,"text":"70159446 - 2016 - Book review: Mineral resource estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-30T14:12:14","indexId":"70159446","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Mineral resource estimation","docAbstract":"Mineral Resource Estimation is about estimating mineral resources at the scale of an ore deposit and is not to be mistaken with mineral resource assessment, which is undertaken at a significantly broader scale, even if similar data and geospatial/geostatistical methods are used. The book describes geological, statistical, and geostatistical tools and methodologies used in resource estimation and modeling, and presents case studies for illustration. The target audience is the expert, which includes professional mining geologists and engineers, as well as graduate-level and advanced undergraduate students.
\nReview info: Mineral Resource Estimation. By Mario E. Rossi, Clayton V. Deutsch. 2014. ISBN 978-1-4020-5716-8 332 pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.1.272","usgsCitation":"Mihalasky, M.J., 2016, Book review: Mineral resource estimation: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 1, p. 272-274, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.1.272.","productDescription":"3 [.","startPage":"272","endPage":"274","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070293","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577642ade4b07dd077c873ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mihalasky, Mark J. 0000-0002-0082-3029 mjm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-3029","contributorId":3692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihalasky","given":"Mark","email":"mjm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70160077,"text":"70160077 - 2016 - Differences in impacts of Hurricane Sandy on freshwater swamps on the Delmarva Peninsula, Mid−Atlantic Coast, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:22:49","indexId":"70160077","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in impacts of Hurricane Sandy on freshwater swamps on the Delmarva Peninsula, Mid−Atlantic Coast, USA","docAbstract":"Hurricane wind and surge may have different influences on the subsequent composition of forests. During Hurricane Sandy, while damaging winds were highest near landfall in New Jersey, inundation occurred along the entire eastern seaboard from Georgia to Maine. In this study, a comparison of damage from salinity intrusion vs. wind/surge was recorded in swamps of the Delmarva Peninsula along the Pocomoke (MD) and Nanticoke (DE) Rivers, south of the most intense wind damage. Hickory Point Cypress Swamp (Hickory) was closest to the Chesapeake Bay and may have been subjected to a salinity surge as evidenced by elevated salinity levels at a gage upstream of this swamp (storm salinity = 13.1 ppt at Nassawango Creek, Snow Hill, Maryland). After Hurricane Sandy, 8% of the standing trees died at Hickory including Acer rubrum, Amelanchier laevis, Ilex spp., and Taxodium distichum. In Plot 2 of Hickory, 25% of the standing trees were dead, and soil salinity levels were the highest recorded in the study. The most important variables related to structural tree damage were soil salinity and proximity to the Atlantic coast as based on Stepwise Regression and NMDS procedures. Wind damage was mostly restricted to broken branches although tipped−up trees were found at Hickory, Whiton and Porter (species: Liquidamabar styraciflua, Pinus taeda, Populus deltoides, Quercus pagoda and Ilex spp.). These trees fell mostly in an east or east−southeast direction (88o−107o) in keeping with the wind direction of Hurricane Sandy on the Delmarva Peninsula. Coastal restoration and management can be informed by the specific differences in hurricane damage to vegetation by salt versus wind.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.11.035","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., 2016, Differences in impacts of Hurricane Sandy on freshwater swamps on the Delmarva Peninsula, Mid−Atlantic Coast, USA: Ecological Engineering, v. 87, p. 62-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.11.035.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059151","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.11.035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Delmarva peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.6024169921875,\n 38.466492845389446\n ],\n [\n -75.7122802734375,\n 38.12591462924157\n ],\n [\n -75.19866943359375,\n 38.34165619279593\n ],\n [\n -75.58868408203125,\n 38.47294404791815\n ],\n [\n -75.6024169921875,\n 38.466492845389446\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56af3029e4b036ee44b83a49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70177901,"text":"70177901 - 2016 - An assessment of the cultivated cropland class of NLCD 2006 using a multi-source and multi-criteria approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T09:30:18","indexId":"70177901","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of the cultivated cropland class of NLCD 2006 using a multi-source and multi-criteria approach","docAbstract":"We developed a method that analyzes the quality of the cultivated cropland class mapped in the USA National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2006. The method integrates multiple geospatial datasets and a Multi Index Integrated Change Analysis (MIICA) change detection method that captures spectral changes to identify the spatial distribution and magnitude of potential commission and omission errors for the cultivated cropland class in NLCD 2006. The majority of the commission and omission errors in NLCD 2006 are in areas where cultivated cropland is not the most dominant land cover type. The errors are primarily attributed to the less accurate training dataset derived from the National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer dataset. In contrast, error rates are low in areas where cultivated cropland is the dominant land cover. Agreement between model-identified commission errors and independently interpreted reference data was high (79%). Agreement was low (40%) for omission error comparison. The majority of the commission errors in the NLCD 2006 cultivated crops were confused with low-intensity developed classes, while the majority of omission errors were from herbaceous and shrub classes. Some errors were caused by inaccurate land cover change from misclassification in NLCD 2001 and the subsequent land cover post-classification process.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs8020101","usgsCitation":"Danielson, P., Yang, L., Jin, S., Homer, C.G., and Napton, D., 2016, An assessment of the cultivated cropland class of NLCD 2006 using a multi-source and multi-criteria approach: Remote Sensing, v. 8, no. 2, Article 101; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8020101.","productDescription":"Article 101; 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-072277","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8020101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5811c0f3e4b0f497e79a5a81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danielson, Patrick 0000-0002-2990-2783 pdanielson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-2783","contributorId":3551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"Patrick","email":"pdanielson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jin, Suming 0000-0001-9919-8077 sjin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-8077","contributorId":4397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Suming","email":"sjin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Napton, Darrell","contributorId":176288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Napton","given":"Darrell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70177144,"text":"70177144 - 2016 - Estimating golden-cheeked warbler immigration: Implications for the spatial scale of conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T11:05:23","indexId":"70177144","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating golden-cheeked warbler immigration: Implications for the spatial scale of conservation","docAbstract":"Understanding the factors that drive population dynamics is fundamental to species conservation and management. Since the golden-cheeked warbler Setophaga chrysoparia was first listed as endangered, much effort has taken place to monitor warbler abundance, occupancy, reproduction and survival. Yet, despite being directly related to local population dynamics, movement rates have not been estimated for the species. We used an integrated population model to investigate the relationship between immigration rate, fledging rate, survival probabilities and population growth rate for warblers in central Texas, USA. Furthermore, using a deterministic projection model, we examined the response required by vital rates to maintain a viable population across varying levels of immigration. Warbler abundance fluctuated with an overall positive trend across years. In the absence of immigration, the abundance would have decreased. However, the population could remain viable without immigration if both adult and juvenile survival increased by almost half or if juvenile survival more than doubled. We also investigated the response required by fledging rates across a range of immigration in order to maintain a viable population. Overall, we found that immigration was required to maintain warbler target populations, indicating that warbler conservation and management programs need to be implemented at larger spatial scales than current efforts to be effective. This study also demonstrates that by using limited data within integrated population models, biologists are able to monitor multiple key demographic parameters simultaneously to gauge the efficacy of strategies designed to maximize warbler viability in a changing landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/acv.12217","usgsCitation":"Duarte, A., Weckerly, F., Schaub, M., and Hatfield, J., 2016, Estimating golden-cheeked warbler immigration: Implications for the spatial scale of conservation: Animal Conservation, v. 19, no. 1, p. 65-74, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12217.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"74","ipdsId":"IP-064743","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088688e4b0f497e78e24d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duarte, A.","contributorId":46405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duarte","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weckerly, F.W.","contributorId":77877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weckerly","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaub, M.","contributorId":70897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaub","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeffrey S. jhatfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeffrey S.","email":"jhatfield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176956,"text":"70176956 - 2016 - A typology of time-scale mismatches and behavioral interventions to diagnose and solve conservation problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:23:50","indexId":"70176956","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A typology of time-scale mismatches and behavioral interventions to diagnose and solve conservation problems","docAbstract":"Ecological systems often operate on time scales significantly longer or shorter than the time scales typical of human decision making, which causes substantial difficulty for conservation and management in socioecological systems. For example, invasive species may move faster than humans can diagnose problems and initiate solutions, and climate systems may exhibit long-term inertia and short-term fluctuations that obscure learning about the efficacy of management efforts in many ecological systems. We adopted a management-decision framework that distinguishes decision makers within public institutions from individual actors within the social system, calls attention to the ways socioecological systems respond to decision makers’ actions, and notes institutional learning that accrues from observing these responses. We used this framework, along with insights from bedeviling conservation problems, to create a typology that identifies problematic time-scale mismatches occurring between individual decision makers in public institutions and between individual actors in the social or ecological system. We also considered solutions that involve modifying human perception and behavior at the individual level as a means of resolving these problematic mismatches. The potential solutions are derived from the behavioral economics and psychology literature on temporal challenges in decision making, such as the human tendency to discount future outcomes at irrationally high rates. These solutions range from framing environmental decisions to enhance the salience of long-term consequences, to using structured decision processes that make time scales of actions and consequences more explicit, to structural solutions aimed at altering the consequences of short-sighted behavior to make it less appealing. Additional application of these tools and long-term evaluation measures that assess not just behavioral changes but also associated changes in ecological systems are needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12632","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.S., Hardisty, D.J., Epanchin-Niell, R.S., Runge, M.C., Cottingham, K.L., Urban, D., Maguire, L., Hastings, A., Mumby, P.J., and Peters, D., 2016, A typology of time-scale mismatches and behavioral interventions to diagnose and solve conservation problems: Conservation Biology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 42-49, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12632.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-064693","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58321","text":"External Repository"},{"id":329546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58009d55e4b0824b2d183b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Robyn S.","contributorId":175362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardisty, David J.","contributorId":175363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardisty","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca S.","contributorId":175364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epanchin-Niell","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cottingham, Kathryn L.","contributorId":26425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cottingham","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Urban, Dean L.","contributorId":10674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"Dean L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maguire, Lynn A.","contributorId":46861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"Lynn A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hastings, Alan","contributorId":175365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hastings","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mumby, Peter J.","contributorId":175366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mumby","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Peters, Debra P. C.","contributorId":36903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Debra P. C.","affiliations":[{"id":25579,"text":"USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70178113,"text":"70178113 - 2016 - Effective stress, friction and deep crustal faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:23:27","indexId":"70178113","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effective stress, friction and deep crustal faulting","docAbstract":"Studies of crustal faulting and rock friction invariably assume the effective normal stress that determines fault shear resistance during frictional sliding is the applied normal stress minus the pore pressure. Here we propose an expression for the effective stress coefficient αf at temperatures and stresses near the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) that depends on the percentage of solid-solid contact area across the fault. αf varies with depth and is only near 1 when the yield strength of asperity contacts greatly exceeds the applied normal stress. For a vertical strike-slip quartz fault zone at hydrostatic pore pressure and assuming 1 mm and 1 km shear zone widths for friction and ductile shear, respectively, the BDT is at ~13 km. αf near 1 is restricted to depths where the shear zone is narrow. Below the BDT αf = 0 is due to a dramatically decreased strain rate. Under these circumstances friction cannot be reactivated below the BDT by increasing the pore pressure alone and requires localization. If pore pressure increases and the fault localizes back to 1 mm, then brittle behavior can occur to a depth of around 35 km. The interdependencies among effective stress, contact-scale strain rate, and pore pressure allow estimates of the conditions necessary for deep low-frequency seismicity seen on the San Andreas near Parkfield and in some subduction zones. Among the implications are that shear in the region separating shallow earthquakes and deep low-frequency seismicity is distributed and that the deeper zone involves both elevated pore fluid pressure and localization.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012115","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N., Hirth, G., Thomas, A.M., and Burgmann, R., 2016, Effective stress, friction and deep crustal faulting: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 2, p. 1040-1059, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012115.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1040","endPage":"1059","ipdsId":"IP-060703","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012115","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc4e4b09688d6e90fc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, N.M. 0000-0002-3397-8481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":68894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirth, Greg","contributorId":176585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hirth","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Amanda M.","contributorId":36448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland","contributorId":95128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70177883,"text":"70177883 - 2016 - Monogenetic volcanoes fed by interconnected dikes and sills in the Hopi Buttes volcanic field, Navajo Nation, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-25T15:48:32","indexId":"70177883","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monogenetic volcanoes fed by interconnected dikes and sills in the Hopi Buttes volcanic field, Navajo Nation, USA","docAbstract":"Although monogenetic volcanic fields pose hazards to major cities worldwide, their shallow magma feeders (<500 m depth) are rarely exposed and, therefore, poorly understood. Here, we investigate exposures of dikes and sills in the Hopi Buttes volcanic field, Arizona, to shed light on the nature of its magma feeder system. Shallow exposures reveal a transition zone between intrusion and eruption within 350 m of the syn-eruptive surface. Using a combination of field- and satellite-based observations, we have identified three types of shallow magma systems: (1) dike-dominated, (2) sill-dominated, and (3) interconnected dike-sill networks. Analysis of vent alignments using the pyroclastic massifs and other eruptive centers (e.g., maar-diatremes) shows a NW-SE trend, parallel to that of dikes in the region. We therefore infer that dikes fed many of the eruptions. Dikes are also observed in places transforming to transgressive (ramping) sills. Estimates of the observable volume of dikes (maximum volume of 1.90 × 106 m3) and sills (minimum volume of 8.47 × 105 m3) in this study reveal that sills at Hopi Buttes make up at least 30 % of the shallow intruded volume (∼2.75 × 106 m3 total) within 350 m of the paeosurface. We have also identified saucer-shaped sills, which are not traditionally associated with monogenetic volcanic fields. Our study demonstrates that shallow feeders in monogenetic fields can form geometrically complex networks, particularly those intruding poorly consolidated sedimentary rocks. We conclude that the Hopi Buttes eruptions were primarily fed by NW-SE-striking dikes. However, saucer-shaped sills also played an important role in modulating eruptions by transporting magma toward and away from eruptive conduits. Sill development could have been accompanied by surface uplifts on the order of decimeters. We infer that the characteristic feeder systems described here for the Hopi Buttes may underlie monogenetic fields elsewhere, particularly where magma intersects shallow, and often weak, sedimentary rocks. Results from this study support growing evidence of the important role of shallow sills in active monogenetic fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-016-1005-8","usgsCitation":"Muirhead, J.D., Van Eaton, A., Re, G., White, J.D., and Ort, M.H., 2016, Monogenetic volcanoes fed by interconnected dikes and sills in the Hopi Buttes volcanic field, Navajo Nation, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 78, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-016-1005-8.","productDescription":"Article 11; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-070246","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330381,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Hopi Buttes Volcanic Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.35,\n 35.1\n ],\n [\n -110.35,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 35.1\n ],\n [\n -110.35,\n 35.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58106f98e4b0f497e7961119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muirhead, James D.","contributorId":176260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muirhead","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":140076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa R.","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Re, Giuseppe","contributorId":176261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Re","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, James D. L.","contributorId":176262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ort, Michael H.","contributorId":156308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ort","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":652014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175229,"text":"70175229 - 2016 - Analysis of brook trout spatial behavior during passage attempts in corrugated culverts using near-infrared illumination video imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T14:03:31","indexId":"70175229","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analysis of brook trout spatial behavior during passage attempts in corrugated culverts using near-infrared illumination video imagery","docAbstract":"We used video recording and near-infrared illumination to document the spatial behavior of brook trout of various sizes attempting to pass corrugated culverts under different hydraulic conditions. Semi-automated image analysis was used to digitize fish position at high temporal resolution inside the culvert, which allowed calculation of various spatial behavior metrics, including instantaneous ground and swimming speed, path complexity, distance from side walls, velocity preference ratio (mean velocity at fish lateral position/mean crosssectional velocity) as well as number and duration of stops in forward progression. The presentation summarizes the main results and discusses how they could be used to improve fish passage performance in culverts.
","conferenceTitle":"11th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2016","conferenceDate":"February 7-12, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Richmond, Victoria","language":"English","publisher":"Ecohydraulics 2016","usgsCitation":"Bergeron, N.E., Constantin, P., Goerig, E., and Castro-Santos, T.R., 2016, Analysis of brook trout spatial behavior during passage attempts in corrugated culverts using near-infrared illumination video imagery, 11th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2016, Richmond, Victoria, February 7-12, 2016, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-070253","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffaee4b0f2f0cebfc21a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergeron, Normand E.","contributorId":173374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergeron","given":"Normand","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27216,"text":"INRS, Quebec","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantin, Pierre-Marc","contributorId":173375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constantin","given":"Pierre-Marc","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27216,"text":"INRS, Quebec","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goerig, Elsa","contributorId":168522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goerig","given":"Elsa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25321,"text":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168700,"text":"70168700 - 2016 - Quantifying pollen-vegetation relationships to reconstruct ancient forests using 19th-century forest composition and pollen data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T13:37:12","indexId":"70168700","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying pollen-vegetation relationships to reconstruct ancient forests using 19th-century forest composition and pollen data","docAbstract":"Mitigation of climate change and adaptation to its effects relies partly on how effectively land-atmosphere interactions can be quantified. Quantifying composition of past forest ecosystems can help understand processes governing forest dynamics in a changing world. Fossil pollen data provide information about past forest composition, but rigorous interpretation requires development of pollen-vegetation models (PVMs) that account for interspecific differences in pollen production and dispersal. Widespread and intensified land-use over the 19th and 20th centuries may have altered pollen-vegetation relationships. Here we use STEPPS, a Bayesian hierarchical spatial PVM, to estimate key process parameters and associated uncertainties in the pollen-vegetation relationship. We apply alternate dispersal kernels, and calibrate STEPPS using a newly developed Euro-American settlement-era calibration data set constructed from Public Land Survey data and fossil pollen samples matched to the settlement-era using expert elicitation. Models based on the inverse power-law dispersal kernel outperformed those based on the Gaussian dispersal kernel, indicating that pollen dispersal kernels are fat tailed. Pine and birch have the highest pollen productivities. Pollen productivity and dispersal estimates are generally consistent with previous understanding from modern data sets, although source area estimates are larger. Tests of model predictions demonstrate the ability of STEPPS to predict regional compositional patterns.
As gas hydrate energy assessment matures worldwide, emphasis has evolved away from confirmation of the mere presence of gas hydrate to the more complex issue of prospecting for those specific accumulations that are viable resource targets. Gas hydrate exploration now integrates the unique pressure and temperature preconditions for gas hydrate occurrence with those concepts and practices that are the basis for conventional oil and gas exploration. We have aimed to assimilate the lessons learned to date in global gas hydrate exploration to outline a generalized prospecting approach as follows: (1) use existing well and geophysical data to delineate the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ), (2) identify and evaluate potential direct indications of hydrate occurrence through evaluation of interval of elevated acoustic velocity and/or seismic events of prospective amplitude and polarity, (3) mitigate geologic risk via regional seismic and stratigraphic facies analysis as well as seismic mapping of amplitude distribution along prospective horizons, and (4) mitigate further prospect risk through assessment of the evidence of gas presence and migration into the GHSZ. Although a wide range of occurrence types might ultimately become viable energy supply options, this approach, which has been tested in only a small number of locations worldwide, has directed prospect evaluation toward those sand-hosted, high-saturation occurrences that were presently considered to have the greatest future commercial potential.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/INT-2015-0036.1","usgsCitation":"Boswell, R., Shipp, C., Reichel, T., Shelander, D., Saeki, T., Frye, M., Shedd, W., Collett, T.S., and McConnell, D.R., 2016, Prospecting for marine gas hydrate resources: Interpretation, v. 4, no. 1, p. 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Previous studies of core and logging data showed that gas hydrate occurrence at high concentrations is controlled by the presence of relatively coarse-grained sediment and the upward migration of thermogenic gas from the deeper sediment section into the overlying gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ); however, the spatial distribution of the gas hydrate remains poorly defined. We used a constrained sparse spike inversion technique to generate acoustic-impedance images of the hydrate-bearing sedimentary section from the newly acquired 3D seismic data volume. High-amplitude reflections just above the bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs) were interpreted to be associated with the accumulation of gas hydrate with elevated saturations. Enhanced seismic reflections below the BSRs were interpreted to indicate the presence of free gas. The base of the BGHSZ was established using the occurrence of BSRs. In areas absent of well-developed BSRs, the BGHSZ was calculated from a model using the inverted P-wave velocity and subsurface temperature data. Seismic attributes were also extracted along the BGHSZ that indicate variations reservoir properties and inferred hydrocarbon accumulations at each site. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from the inversion of acoustic impedance of conventional 3D seismic data, along with well-log-derived rock-physics models were also used to estimate gas hydrate saturations. Our analysis determined that the gas hydrate petroleum system varies significantly across the Pearl River Mouth Basin and that variability in sedimentary properties as a product of depositional processes and the upward migration of gas from deeper thermogenic sources control the distribution of gas hydrates in this basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/INT-2015-0020.1","usgsCitation":"Wang, X., Qiang, J., Collett, T.S., Shi, H., Yang, S., Yan, C., Li, Y., Wang, Z., and Chen, D., 2016, Characterization of gas hydrate distribution using conventional 3D seismic data in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea: Interpretation, v. 4, no. 1, p. 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The general anisotropic form of the viscous heat generation term is developed for use in groundwater flow simulations. The 1-D solution is extended to more complex geometries by solving the equation for piece-wise linear or uniform properties and boundary conditions. A moderately complex example, the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP), is analyzed to demonstrate the use of the analytic solution for identifying important physical processes. For example, it is shown that viscous heating is variably important and that heat conduction to the land surface is a primary control on the distribution of aquifer and spring temperatures. Use of published values for all aquifer and thermal properties results in a reasonable match between simulated and measured groundwater temperatures over most of the 300 km length of the ESRP, except for geothermal heat flow into the base of the aquifer within 20 km of the Yellowstone hotspot. Previous basal heat flow measurements (∼110 mW/m2) made beneath the ESRP aquifer were collected at distances of >50 km from the Yellowstone Plateau, but a higher basal heat flow of 150 mW/m2 is required to match groundwater temperatures near the Plateau. The ESRP example demonstrates how the new tool can be used during preliminary analysis of a groundwater system, allowing efficient identification of the important physical processes that must be represented during more-complex 2-D and 3-D simulations of combined groundwater and heat flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR018204","usgsCitation":"Burns, E.R., Ingebritsen, S.E., Manga, M., and Williams, C.F., 2016, Evaluating geothermal and hydrogeologic controls on regional groundwater temperature distribution: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 2, p. 1328-1344, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018204.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1328","endPage":"1344","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066164","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1480710","text":"External Repository"},{"id":319342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.44232177734374,\n 42.92224052343343\n ],\n [\n -112.37640380859375,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -112.2637939453125,\n 43.19516498456403\n ],\n [\n -112.1044921875,\n 43.30719248161193\n ],\n [\n -112.00836181640625,\n 43.45890015705449\n ],\n [\n -111.99462890625,\n 43.6102281417864\n ],\n [\n -111.94793701171875,\n 43.70362249839005\n ],\n [\n -111.84906005859375,\n 43.76514352427404\n ],\n [\n -111.78314208984375,\n 43.81471121600004\n ],\n [\n -111.83807373046875,\n 43.91174463910793\n ],\n [\n -111.96441650390625,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -112.13470458984375,\n 43.9473499035071\n ],\n [\n -112.22259521484375,\n 43.91174463910793\n ],\n [\n -112.39562988281249,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -112.576904296875,\n 43.80876526350847\n ],\n [\n -112.78289794921875,\n 43.82461982131735\n ],\n [\n -113.060302734375,\n 43.67581809328344\n ],\n [\n -113.302001953125,\n 43.57840117718351\n ],\n [\n -113.6810302734375,\n 43.367122441110716\n ],\n [\n -113.96942138671875,\n 43.25520534158046\n ],\n [\n -114.12322998046875,\n 43.27320591705845\n ],\n [\n -114.43634033203125,\n 43.279204926082784\n ],\n [\n -114.7137451171875,\n 43.271206115959785\n ],\n [\n -115.07904052734374,\n 43.271206115959785\n ],\n [\n -115.1971435546875,\n 43.22719386727831\n ],\n [\n -115.1531982421875,\n 43.02472955416351\n ],\n [\n -114.88677978515625,\n 42.896088552971065\n ],\n [\n -114.87030029296875,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -114.76867675781249,\n 42.57128708742757\n ],\n [\n -114.32373046875,\n 42.47817430242153\n ],\n [\n -113.873291015625,\n 42.459940352216556\n ],\n [\n -113.51898193359374,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -113.22235107421874,\n 42.60970621339408\n ],\n [\n -113.0218505859375,\n 42.67435857693384\n ],\n [\n -112.74444580078125,\n 42.789354160502775\n ],\n [\n -112.47528076171875,\n 42.88401467044253\n ],\n [\n -112.44232177734374,\n 42.92224052343343\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fc7e4b0f59b85e1eb4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Erick R. 0000-0002-1747-0506 eburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-0506","contributorId":3094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Erick","email":"eburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":623424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manga, Michael","contributorId":84679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manga","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}