Wetlands are hotspots for production of toxic methylmercury (MeHg) that can bioaccumulate in the food web. The objective of this study was to determine whether the application of zero-valent iron (ZVI) or granular activated carbon (GAC) to wetland sediment could reduce MeHg production and bioavailability to benthic organisms. Field mesocosms were installed in a wetland fringing Hodgdon Pond (Maine, USA), and ZVI and GAC were applied. Pore-water MeHg concentrations were lower in treated compared with untreated mesocosms; however, sediment MeHg, as well as total Hg (THg), concentrations were not significantly different between treated and untreated mesocosms, suggesting that smaller pore-water MeHg concentrations in treated sediment were likely due to adsorption to ZVI and GAC, rather than inhibition of MeHg production. In laboratory experiments with intact vegetated sediment clumps, amendments did not significantly change sediment THg and MeHg concentrations; however, the mean pore-water MeHg and MeHg:THg ratios were lower in the amended sediment than the control. In the laboratory microcosms, snails (Lymnaea stagnalis) accumulated less MeHg in sediment treated with ZVI or GAC. The study results suggest that both GAC and ZVI have potential for reducing MeHg bioaccumulation in wetland sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.047","usgsCitation":"Lewis, A.S., Huntington, T.G., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., and Amirbahman, A., 2016, Mercury remediation in wetland sediment using zero-valent iron and granular activated carbon: Environmental Pollution, v. 212, p. 366-373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.047.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"373","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067067","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"212","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482ce4b0946c652116f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Ariel S.","contributorId":166710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Ariel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24494,"text":"Univ. of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amirbahman, Aria","contributorId":44031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amirbahman","given":"Aria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168456,"text":"70168456 - 2016 - Potential improvements in horizontal very broadband seismic data in the IRIS/USGS component of the Global Seismic Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T08:55:58","indexId":"70168456","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential improvements in horizontal very broadband seismic data in the IRIS/USGS component of the Global Seismic Network","docAbstract":"The Streckeisen STS‐1 has been the primary vault‐type seismometer used in the over‐150‐station Global Seismographic Network (GSN). This sensor has long been known for its outstanding vertical, very long‐period (e.g., >100 s period), and low‐noise performance, although the horizontal long‐period noise performance is less well known. The STS‐1 is a limited, important resource, because it is no longer made or supported by the original manufacturer. We investigate the incoherent noise of horizontal‐component sensors, where coherent signals among sensors have been removed, giving an upper bound on the self‐noise of both the STS‐1 and STS‐2 horizontal components. Our findings suggest that a well‐installed STS‐2 could potentially produce data with similar or better incoherent noise levels to that of a horizontal‐component STS‐1. Along with our experimental investigation, we compare background noise levels for a calendar year at Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology/U.S. Geological Survey network stations, which comprise approximately two‐thirds of the GSN, with collocated STS‐1 and STS‐2 seismometers. The use of an STS‐2‐class of sensor (flat to velocity to 120 s period) to acquire low‐frequency data in surface‐vault installations would allow network operators to focus more attention on improving vertical data. In order to deal with the difference in instrument response shapes between the two instruments, we detail two different time‐domain filters that would allow users to convert broadband STS‐2 data into very broadband data with a response similar to that of an STS‐1 (flat to velocity to 360 s period). We conclude that the complexity of the current primary horizontal vault sensors in the GSN may not be necessary until we are better able to isolate surface horizontal sensors from various noise sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150181","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Steim, J., Zandt, T., Hutt, C.R., Wilson, D.C., and Storm, T., 2016, Potential improvements in horizontal very broadband seismic data in the IRIS/USGS component of the Global Seismic Network: Seismological Research Letters, v. 87, no. 1, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150181.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069766","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c44831e4b0946c65211710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steim, J.M.","contributorId":88230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steim","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zandt, T","contributorId":166898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zandt","given":"T","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24572,"text":"Metrozet, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Storm, Tyler 0000-0002-6787-9545 tstorm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-9545","contributorId":152165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"Tyler","email":"tstorm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206069,"text":"70206069 - 2016 - Integrating geological archives and climate models for the mid-Pliocene warm period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-22T06:42:44","indexId":"70206069","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T09:19:13","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating geological archives and climate models for the mid-Pliocene warm period","docAbstract":"The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP) offers an opportunity to understand a warmer-than-present world and assess the predictive ability of numerical climate models. Environmental reconstruction and climate modelling are crucial for understanding the mPWP, and the synergy of these two, often disparate, fields has proven essential in confirming features of the past and in turn building confidence in projections of the future. The continual development of methodologies to better facilitate environmental synthesis and data/model comparison is essential, with recent work demonstrating that time-specific (time-slice) syntheses represent the next logical step in exploring climate change during the mPWP and realizing its potential as a test bed for understanding future climate change.
Adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) migrate from salt water to freshwater streams to spawn. Immune responses in migrating adult salmon are thought to diminish in the run up to spawning, though the exact mechanisms for diminished immune responses remain unknown. Here we examine both adaptive and innate immune responses as well as pathogen burdens in migrating adult Chinook salmon in the Upper Willamette River basin. Messenger RNA transcripts encoding antibody heavy chain molecules slightly diminish as a function of time, but are still present even after fish have successfully spawned. In contrast, the innate anti-bacterial effector proteins present in fish plasma rapidly decrease as spawning approaches. Fish also were examined for the presence and severity of eight different pathogens in different organs. While pathogen burden tended to increase during the migration, no specific pathogen signature was associated with diminished immune responses. Transcript levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF beta were measured and did not change during the migration. These results suggest that loss of immune functions in adult migrating salmon are not due to pathogen infection or cytokine-mediated immune suppression, but is rather part of the life history of Chinook salmon likely induced by diminished energy reserves or hormonal changes which accompany spawning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.015","usgsCitation":"Dolan, B.P., Fisher, K.M., Colvin, M., Benda, S.E., Peterson, J., Kent, M., and Schreck, C.B., 2016, Innate and adaptive immune responses in migrating spring-run adult chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Fish & Shellfish Immunology, v. 48, p. 136-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068640","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Dexter Dam, Foster Dam, Minto Fish Collection Facility, Willamette Falls, Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 45.60635207711834\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 45.60635207711834\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 43.54854811091286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482be4b0946c652116ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolan, Brian P.","contributorId":166916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolan","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Kathleen M.","contributorId":43397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colvin, Michael E.","contributorId":140975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colvin","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benda, Susan E.","contributorId":166917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benda","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6638,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kent, Michael L.","contributorId":108420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70168366,"text":"70168366 - 2016 - Governance principles for wildlife conservation in the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-04T15:39:19","indexId":"70168366","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1326,"text":"Conservation Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Governance principles for wildlife conservation in the 21st century","docAbstract":"Wildlife conservation is losing ground in the U.S. for many reasons. The net effect is declines in species and habitat. To address this trend, the wildlife conservation institution (i.e., all customs, practices, organizations and agencies, policies, and laws with respect to wildlife) must adapt to contemporary social–ecological conditions. Adaptation could be supported by clear guidelines reflecting contemporary expectations for wildlife governance. We combine elements of public trust thinking and good governance to produce a broad set of wildlife governance principles. These principles represent guidance for ecologically and socially responsible wildlife conservation. They address persistent, systemic problems and, if adopted, will bring the institution into line with modern expectations for governance of public natural resources. Implementation will require changes in values, objectives, and processes of the wildlife conservation institution. These changes may be difficult, but promise improved wildlife conservation outcomes and increased support for conservation. We introduce challenges and opportunities associated with the principles, and encourage dialogue about them among scientists, practitioners, and other leaders in U.S. wildlife conservation. The principles alone will not change the course of conservation for the better, but may be necessary for such change to occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub.","doi":"10.1111/conl.12211","usgsCitation":"Decker, D.J., Smith, C., Forstchen, A., Hare, D., Pomeranz, E., Doyle-Capitman, C., Schuler, K., and Organ, J.F., 2016, Governance principles for wildlife conservation in the 21st century: Conservation Letters, v. 9, no. 4, p. 290-295, https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12211.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"295","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064488","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482be4b0946c652116e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Decker, Daniel J.","contributorId":166906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Christian","contributorId":95065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forstchen, Ann","contributorId":166904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forstchen","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hare, Darragh","contributorId":166905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hare","given":"Darragh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pomeranz, Emily","contributorId":166907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pomeranz","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doyle-Capitman, Catherine","contributorId":166908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle-Capitman","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten","contributorId":53735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Organ, John F. 0000-0002-0959-0639 jorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-0639","contributorId":152568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Organ","given":"John","email":"jorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70173989,"text":"70173989 - 2016 - Chesapeake Bay recovery and factors affecting trends: Long-termmonitoring, indicators, and insights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:29:42","indexId":"70173989","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T02:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5094,"text":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2352-4855","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chesapeake Bay recovery and factors affecting trends: Long-termmonitoring, indicators, and insights","docAbstract":"Monitoring the outcome of restoration efforts is the only way to identify the status of a recovery and the most effective management strategies. In this paper, we discuss Chesapeake Bay and watershed recovery and factors influencing water quality trends. For over 30 years, the Chesapeake Bay Program Partnership’s long-term tidal and watershed water quality monitoring networks have measured physical, chemical and biological parameters throughout the bay and its surrounding watershed underpinning an adaptive management process to drive ecosystem recovery. There are many natural and anthropogenic factors operating and interacting to affect the watershed and bay water quality recovery responses to management actions. Across habitats and indicators, the bay and its watershed continue to express a diverse spatial and temporal fabric of multiscale conditions, stressors and trends that show a range of health conditions and impairments, as well as evidence of progress and degradation. Recurrent independent reviews of the monitoring program have driven a culture of continued adaptation of the monitoring networks to reflect ever evolving management information needs. The adherence to bay and watershed-wide consistent monitoring protocols provides monitoring data supporting analyses and development of scientific syntheses that underpin indicator and model development, regulatory assessments, targeting of management actions, evaluation of management effectiveness, and directing of priorities and policies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2015.11.010","usgsCitation":"Tango, P.J., and Batiuk, R.A., 2016, Chesapeake Bay recovery and factors affecting trends: Long-termmonitoring, indicators, and insights: Regional Studies in Marine Science, v. 4, p. 12-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2015.11.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067020","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Watershed includes New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware, and Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.9427490234375,\n 36.85764758564407\n ],\n [\n -76.9427490234375,\n 39.66914219401813\n ],\n [\n -75.465087890625,\n 39.66914219401813\n ],\n [\n -75.465087890625,\n 36.85764758564407\n ],\n [\n -76.9427490234375,\n 36.85764758564407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a6533e4b07657d1a11d2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tango, Peter J. pjtango@usgs.gov","contributorId":4088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tango","given":"Peter","email":"pjtango@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batiuk, Richard A.","contributorId":8368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batiuk","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173620,"text":"70173620 - 2016 - Early life history of three pelagic-spawning minnows Macrhybopsis spp. in the lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-09T13:17:14.793861","indexId":"70173620","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Early life history of three pelagic-spawning minnows Macrhybopsis spp. in the lower Missouri River","title":"Early life history of three pelagic-spawning minnows Macrhybopsis spp. in the lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"Life-history characteristics of age-0 sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida, shoal chub Macrhybopsis hyostoma and sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki were compared using several methods. AllMacrhybopsis species consumed mostly midge pupae, but M. meeki had the most general diet (Levins' index, B = 0·22) compared with M. hyostoma (B = 0·02) and M. gelida (B = 0·09). Morisita's diet overlap index among species pairs ranged from 0·62 to 0·97 and was highest between M. hyostoma and M. gelida. Daily ages estimated from lapilli otoliths for each species ranged from 15 to 43 days for M. gelida, 19 to 44 for M. hyostoma and from 16 to 64 days for M. meeki. Mean growth rates ranged from 0·79 mm day−1 for M. meeki to 1·39 mm day−1 for M. gelida. Mortality estimates indicated high daily survivorship rates for M. meeki (0·985), but could not be estimated for the other two species. Hatch date histograms were congruent with the belief that M. hyostoma and M. gelida spawn periodically from June to September. Macrhybopsis meeki, however, appeared to respond to a specific spawning cue as hatch dates were unimodal with a peak in July. These results fill a gap in current knowledge of these imperilled species that can be used to guide management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12892","usgsCitation":"Starks, T.A., Miller, M., and Long, J.M., 2016, Early life history of three pelagic-spawning minnows Macrhybopsis spp. in the lower Missouri River: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 88, no. 4, p. 1335-1349, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12892.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1335","endPage":"1349","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062101","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 38.35888785866677\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9331e4b04f417c275137","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/jfb.12892","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12892","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Starks T. A., Miller M. L., Long J. M.","journalName":"Journal of Fish Biology","publicationDate":"2/16/2016","auditedOn":"4/2/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starks, Trevor A.","contributorId":145640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starks","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M.L.","contributorId":244627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168702,"text":"70168702 - 2016 - Mercury correlations among blood, muscle, and hair of northern elephant seals during the breeding and molting fasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T10:52:26","indexId":"70168702","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-15T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury correlations among blood, muscle, and hair of northern elephant seals during the breeding and molting fasts","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) biomonitoring and toxicological risk assessments for marine mammals commonly sample different tissues, making comparisons to toxicity benchmarks and among species and regions difficult. Few studies have examined how life history events, such as fasting, influence the relationship between total Hg (THg) concentrations in different tissues. We evaluated the relationships between THg concentrations in blood, muscle, and hair of female and male northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) at the start and end of the breeding and molting fasts. The relationships between tissues varied among tissue pairs and differed by sampling period and sex. Blood and muscle were generally related at all time periods; however, hair, an inert tissue, did not strongly represent the metabolically active tissues (blood and muscle) at all times of year. The strongest relationships between THg concentrations in hair and those in blood or muscle were observed during periods of active hair growth (end of the molting period) or during time periods when internal body conditions were similar to those when the hair was grown (end of the breeding fast). Our results indicate that THg concentrations in blood or muscle can be translated to the other tissue type using the equations we developed, but that THg concentrations in hair were generally a poor index of internal THg concentrations except during the end of fasting periods.
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Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrients in the nexus","docAbstract":"Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has enabled modern agriculture to greatly improve human nutrition during the twentieth century, but it has also created unintended human health and environmental pollution challenges for the twenty-first century. Averaged globally, about half of the fertilizer-N applied to farms is removed with the crops, while the other half remains in the soil or is lost from farmers’ fields, resulting in water and air pollution. As human population continues to grow and food security improves in the developing world, the dual development goals of producing more nutritious food with low pollution will require both technological and socio-economic innovations in agriculture. Two case studies presented here, one in sub-Saharan Africa and the other in Midwestern United States, demonstrate how management of nutrients, water, and energy is inextricably linked in both small-scale and large-scale food production, and that science-based solutions to improve the efficiency of nutrient use can optimize food production while minimizing pollution. To achieve the needed large increases in nutrient use efficiency, however, technological developments must be accompanied by policies that recognize the complex economic and social factors affecting farmer decision-making and national policy priorities. Farmers need access to affordable nutrient supplies and support information, and the costs of improving efficiencies and avoiding pollution may need to be shared by society through innovative policies. Success will require interdisciplinary partnerships across public and private sectors, including farmers, private sector crop advisors, commodity supply chains, government agencies, university research and extension, and consumers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer US","doi":"10.1007/s13412-016-0364-y","usgsCitation":"Davidson, E.A., DuBose, R., Ferguson, R.B., Palm, C., Osmond, D.L., and Baron, J., 2016, Nutrients in the nexus: Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, v. 6, no. 1, p. 25-38, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-016-0364-y.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070397","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-016-0364-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913dfe4b07657d19ff1fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, Eric A.","contributorId":7983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DuBose, Rachel rldubose@ua.edu","contributorId":167204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DuBose","given":"Rachel","email":"rldubose@ua.edu","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":37195,"text":"The University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":621392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferguson, Richard B.","contributorId":167205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12505,"text":"University of Nebraska - Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palm, Cheryl","contributorId":167206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palm","given":"Cheryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osmond, Deanna L.","contributorId":167207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmond","given":"Deanna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":174080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169998,"text":"70169998 - 2016 - Wetland tree transpiration modified by river-floodplain connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T13:10:03","indexId":"70169998","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-15T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland tree transpiration modified by river-floodplain connectivity","docAbstract":"Hydrologic connectivity provisions water and nutrient subsidies to floodplain wetlands and may be particularly important in floodplains with seasonal water deficits through its effects on soil moisture. In this study, we measured sapflow in 26 trees of two dominant floodplain forest species (Celtis laevigata and Quercus lyrata) at two hydrologically distinct sites in the lower White River floodplain in Arkansas, USA. Our objective was to investigate how connectivity-driven water table variations affected water use, an indicator of tree function. Meteorological variables (photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit) were the dominant controls over water use at both sites; however, water table variations explained some site differences. At the wetter site, highest sapflow rates were during a late-season overbank flooding event, and no flood stress was apparent. At the drier site, sapflow decreased as the water table receded. The late-season flood pulse that resulted in flooding at the wetter site did not affect the water table at the drier site; accordingly, higher water use was not observed at the drier site. The species generally associated with wetter conditions (Q. lyrata) was more positively responsive to the flood pulse. Flood water subsidy lengthened the effective growing season, demonstrating ecological implications of hydrologic connectivity for alleviating water deficits that otherwise reduce function in this humid floodplain wetland.
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This study examined the effects of two alternative land use-change development scenarios in the Puget Sound region of Washington State on natural capital stocks and ES flows. Land-use change model outputs served as inputs to five ES models developed using the Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) platform. While natural capital stocks declined under managed (1.3–5.8%) and unmanaged (2.8–11.8%) development scenarios, ES flows increased by 18.5–56% and 23.2–55.7%, respectively. Human development of natural landscapes reduced their capacity for service provision, while simultaneously adding beneficiaries, particularly along the urban fringe. Using global and local Moran’s I, we identified three distinct patterns of change in ES due to projected landuse change. For services with location-dependent beneficiaries – open space proximity, viewsheds, and flood regulation – urbanization led to increased clustering and hot-spot intensities. ES flows were greatest in the managed land-use change scenario for open space proximity and flood regulation, and in the unmanaged land-use change scenario for viewsheds—a consequence of the differing ES flow mechanisms underpinning these services. We observed a third pattern – general declines in service provision – for carbon storage and sediment retention, where beneficiaries in our analysis were not location dependent. Contrary to past authors’ finding of ES declines under urbanization, a more nuanced analysis that maps and quantifies ES provision, beneficiaries, and flows better identifies gains and losses for specific ES beneficiaries as urban areas expand.
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The high-resolution 3D volume used in this study was collected in 2012 as part of Pacific Gas and Electric’s Central California Seismic Imaging Project. Three-dimensional seismic reflection data were acquired using a triple-plate boomer source (1.75 kJ) and a short-offset, 14-streamer, P-Cable system. The high-resolution seismic data were processed into a prestack time-migrated 3D volume and publicly released in 2014. Postprocessing, we employed dip-steering (dip and azimuth) and structural filtering to enhance laterally continuous events and remove random noise and acquisition artifacts. In addition, the structural filtering was used to enhance laterally continuous edges, such as faults. Following data conditioning, neural-network based meta-attribute workflows were used to detect and visualize faults and probable fluid-migration pathways within the 3D seismic volume. The workflow used in this study clearly illustrates the utility of advanced attribute analysis applied to high-resolution 3D P-Cable data. For example, results from the fault attribute workflow reveal a network of splayed and convergent fault strands within an approximately 1.3 km wide shear zone that is characterized by distinctive sections of transpressional and transtensional dominance. Neural-network chimney attribute calculations indicate that fluids are concentrated along discrete faults in the transtensional zones, but appear to be more broadly distributed amongst fault bounded anticlines and structurally controlled traps in the transpressional zones. These results provide high-resolution, 3D constraints on the relationships between strike-slip fault mechanics, substrate deformation, and fluid migration along an active fault system offshore central California.
Hazards of soil-borne Pb to wild birds may be more accurately quantified if the bioavailability of that Pb is known. To better understand the bioavailability of Pb to birds, we measured blood Pb concentrations in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fed diets containing Pb-contaminated soils. Relative bioavailabilities were expressed by comparison with blood Pb concentrations in quail fed a Pb acetate reference diet. Diets containing soil from five Pb-contaminated Superfund sites had relative bioavailabilities from 33%-63%, with a mean of about 50%. Treatment of two of the soils with phosphorus significantly reduced the bioavailability of Pb. Bioaccessibility of Pb in the test soils was then measured in six in vitro tests and regressed on bioavailability. They were: the “Relative Bioavailability Leaching Procedure” (RBALP) at pH 1.5, the same test conducted at pH 2.5, the “Ohio State University In vitro Gastrointestinal” method (OSU IVG), the “Urban Soil Bioaccessible Lead Test”, the modified “Physiologically Based Extraction Test” and the “Waterfowl Physiologically Based Extraction Test.” All regressions had positive slopes. Based on criteria of slope and coefficient of determination, the RBALP pH 2.5 and OSU IVG tests performed very well. Speciation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that, on average, most of the Pb in the sampled soils was sorbed to minerals (30%), bound to organic matter (24%), or present as Pb sulfate (18%). Additional Pb was associated with P (chloropyromorphite, hydroxypyromorphite and tertiary Pb phosphate), and with Pb carbonates, leadhillite (a lead sulfate carbonate hydroxide), and Pb sulfide. The formation of chloropyromorphite reduced the bioavailability of Pb and the amendment of Pb-contaminated soils with P may be a thermodynamically favored means to sequester Pb.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1002/etc.3399","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W.N., Basta, N.T., Chaney, R.L., Henry, P.F., Mosby, D., Rattner, B.A., Scheckel, K.G., Sprague, D., and Weber, J., 2016, Bioaccessibility tests accurately estimate bioavailability of lead to quail: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 9, p. 2311-2319, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3399.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2311","endPage":"2319","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068700","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Missouri, Montana","city":"Helena, Joplin","otherGeospatial":"Big River, Coeur d’Alene River Basin, Viburnum Trend","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.3077392578125,\n 46.42271253466719\n ],\n [\n -112.3077392578125,\n 46.87145819560722\n ],\n [\n -111.77490234375,\n 46.87145819560722\n ],\n [\n -111.77490234375,\n 46.42271253466719\n ],\n [\n -112.3077392578125,\n 46.42271253466719\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.61975097656249,\n 36.87852210415615\n ],\n [\n -94.61975097656249,\n 37.208456662000195\n ],\n [\n -94.32861328125,\n 37.208456662000195\n ],\n [\n -94.32861328125,\n 36.87852210415615\n ],\n [\n -94.61975097656249,\n 36.87852210415615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.76492309570312,\n 37.90736658145496\n ],\n [\n -90.76492309570312,\n 38.494443887725055\n ],\n [\n -90.56716918945312,\n 38.494443887725055\n ],\n [\n -90.56716918945312,\n 37.90736658145496\n ],\n [\n -90.76492309570312,\n 37.90736658145496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 47.349989032003215\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 47.77625204393236\n ],\n [\n -115.806884765625,\n 47.77625204393236\n ],\n [\n -115.806884765625,\n 47.349989032003215\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 47.349989032003215\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cc3f42e4b059daa47e4393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. 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In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, the depletion of large coastal sharks was thought to trigger a trophic cascade whereby predation release resulted in increased cownose ray abundance, which then caused increased predation on and subsequent collapse of commercial bivalve stocks. These claims were used to justify the development of a predator-control fishery for cownose rays, the “Save the Bay, Eat a Ray” fishery, to reduce predation on commercial bivalves. A reexamination of data suggests declines in large coastal sharks did not coincide with purported rapid increases in cownose ray abundance. Likewise, the increase in cownose ray abundance did not coincide with declines in commercial bivalves. The lack of temporal correlations coupled with published diet data suggest the purported trophic cascade is lacking the empirical linkages required of a trophic cascade. Furthermore, the life history parameters of cownose rays suggest they have low reproductive potential and their populations are incapable of rapid increases. Hypothesized trophic cascades should be closely scrutinized as spurious conclusions may negatively influence conservation and management decisions.
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As the area of these wetlands has changed, so too has the spatial configuration of the landscape. The resulting landscape is a mosaic of patches of wetlands and open water. This study examined the spatial and temporal variability of trajectories of landscape configuration and the relation of those patterns to the trajectories of land change in wetlands during a 1985–2010 observation period. Spatial configuration was quantified using multi-temporal satellite imagery and an aggregation index (AI). The results of this analysis indicate that coastal Louisiana experienced a reduction in the AI of coastal wetlands of 1.07 %. In general, forested wetland and fresh marsh types displayed the highest aggregation and stability. The remaining marsh types, (intermediate, brackish, and saline) all experienced disaggregation during the time period, with increasing severity of disaggregation along an increasing salinity gradient. Finally, a correlation (r 2 = 0.5562) was found between AI and the land change rate for the subsequent period, indicating that fragmentation can increase the vulnerability of wetlands to further wetland loss. These results can help identify coastal areas which are susceptible to future wetland loss.
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Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of recruitment and colonization by tunicates and associated invertebrates using giant one-meter2 recruitment plates at Woods Hole, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Large recruitment plates measuring 1 × 1 m were deployed over an 18-month period from September 2013 to March 2015 for the purpose of documenting recruitment and colonization processes of marine invertebrate species at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Each side of two plates was subdivided into 16 subareas (25 × 25 cm), and an observational strategy was developed whereby, at approximately two-week intervals, a different subarea was cleaned. Using this approach, we were able to photographically document species recruitment and growth interactions. Water temperature records from the site show that steady warming and cooling between 3 and 20° C changed at a mean rate of 0.2 ° C d-1. However, temperature changes during the coolest and warmest parts of the temperature cycle were highly variable. In 2014, between the first and last occurrence of 0° C, temperatures were ≤0° C 15 percent of the time, but in 2015 temperatures were ≤0° C 93 percent of the time. In 2014, between the first and last occurrence of 21° C, temperatures were ≥21° C 88 percent of the time, and this warm period correlated with the disappearance of the hydroid Ectopleura crocea, the solitary tunicates Ascidiella aspersa and Ciona intestinalis, and the 2013 generation of Botrylloides violaceus. In Woods Hole, large plates provided enough space to accommodate both fast- and slow-colonizing species, resulting in the establishment of a diverse assemblage that was observed over a long time period. The most successful colonizing species had relatively long reproductive and recruitment periods, grew rapidly, repelled settlement onto their surfaces by larvae of any species, defended themselves against overgrowth by any species, overwintered, and lived a long time. Of the three dominant species observed in this study, the colonial tunicates Didemnum vexillum and Botrylloides violaceus had these qualities; the encrusting colonial bryozoan Schizoporella unicornis had all but one, it grew more slowly than the others. Barnacles constituted the only biological substrate that was effectively colonized by other species, both by larval recruitment and overgrowth. In Woods Hole, after a substrate had become fully colonized, there was very little opportunity for new recruitment or colony growth until new substrate opened after the death of colonies and individuals and the disappearance of biogenic structures such as amphipod tubes. An understanding of colonization processes utilized by invasive species allows prediction of their potential effects on ecosystems in areas where they are not yet present.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"5th International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference","conferenceDate":"Oct. 29-31, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Woods Hole, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","publisherLocation":"Spain","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2016.7.1.14","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., Carman, M., and Blackwood, D.S., 2016, Observations of recruitment and colonization by tunicates and associated invertebrates using giant one-meter2 recruitment plates at Woods Hole, Massachusetts: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 7, no. 1, p. 115-130, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.1.14.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072849","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.1.14","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Woods Hole","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.6756067276001,\n 41.51834634058004\n ],\n [\n -70.6756067276001,\n 41.52959176830832\n ],\n [\n -70.66213130950928,\n 41.52959176830832\n ],\n [\n -70.66213130950928,\n 41.51834634058004\n ],\n [\n -70.6756067276001,\n 41.51834634058004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dabfeee4b015c306f84ce4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carman, M.R.","contributorId":24177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carman","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blackwood, Dann S. dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168437,"text":"70168437 - 2016 - The link between volcanism and plutonism in epizonal magma systems; high-precision U–Pb zircon geochronology from the Organ Mountains caldera and batholith, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T14:00:32","indexId":"70168437","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The link between volcanism and plutonism in epizonal magma systems; high-precision U–Pb zircon geochronology from the Organ Mountains caldera and batholith, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Organ Mountains caldera and batholith expose the volcanic and epizonal plutonic record of an Eocene caldera complex. The caldera and batholith are well exposed, and extensive previous mapping and geochemical analyses have suggested a clear link between the volcanic and plutonic sections, making this an ideal location to study magmatic processes associated with caldera volcanism. Here we present high-precision thermal ionization mass spectrometry U–Pb zircon dates from throughout the caldera and batholith, and use these dates to test and improve existing petrogenetic models. The new dates indicate that Eocene volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Organ Mountains formed from ~44 to 34 Ma. The three largest caldera-related tuff units yielded weighted mean 206Pb/238U dates of 36.441 ± 0.020 Ma (Cueva Tuff), 36.259 ± 0.016 Ma (Achenback Park tuff), and 36.215 ± 0.016 Ma (Squaw Mountain tuff). An alkali feldspar granite, which is chemically similar to the erupted tuffs, yielded a synchronous weighted mean 206Pb/238U date of 36.259 ± 0.021 Ma. Weighted mean 206Pb/238U dates from the larger volume syenitic phase of the underlying Organ Needle pluton range from 36.130 ± 0.031 to 36.071 ± 0.012 Ma, and the youngest sample is 144 ± 20 to 188 ± 20 ka younger than the Squaw Mountain and Achenback Park tuffs, respectively. Younger plutonism in the batholith continued through at least 34.051 ± 0.029 Ma. We propose that the Achenback Park tuff, Squaw Mountain tuff, alkali feldspar granite and Organ Needle pluton formed from a single, long-lived magma chamber/mush zone. Early silicic magmas generated by partial melting of the lower crust rose to form an epizonal magma chamber. Underplating of the resulting mush zone led to partial melting and generation of a high-silica alkali feldspar granite cap, which erupted to form the tuffs. The deeper parts of the chamber underwent continued recharge and crystallization for 144 ± 20 ka after the final eruption. Calculated magmatic fluxes for the Organ Needle pluton range from 0.0006 to 0.0030 km3/year, in agreement with estimates from other well-studied plutons. The petrogenetic evolution proposed here may be common to many small-volume silicic volcanic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-015-1208-6","usgsCitation":"Rioux, M., Farmer, L., Bowring, S., Wooton, K.M., Amato, J.M., Coleman, D.S., and Verplanck, P.L., 2016, The link between volcanism and plutonism in epizonal magma systems; high-precision U–Pb zircon geochronology from the Organ Mountains caldera and batholith, New Mexico: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 171, no. 13, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1208-6.","productDescription":"22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070760","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105197","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Organ Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.38174438476562,\n 31.786551553613972\n ],\n [\n -107.38174438476562,\n 32.186073305250275\n ],\n [\n -106.89147949218749,\n 32.186073305250275\n ],\n [\n -106.89147949218749,\n 31.786551553613972\n ],\n [\n -107.38174438476562,\n 31.786551553613972\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"171","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf0239e4b06458514b3133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rioux, Matthew","contributorId":166814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rioux","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24531,"text":"Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farmer, Lang","contributorId":40301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Lang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowring, Samuel","contributorId":149750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowring","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17812,"text":"Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooton, Kathleen M.","contributorId":166815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooton","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24532,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amato, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":67317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amato","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coleman, Drew S.","contributorId":71442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70168438,"text":"70168438 - 2016 - The distribution and composition of REE-bearing minerals in placers of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T14:18:33","indexId":"70168438","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution and composition of REE-bearing minerals in placers of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains, USA","docAbstract":"Rare earth element (REE) resources are currently of great interest because of their importance as raw materials for high-technology manufacturing. The REE-phosphates monazite (light REE enriched) and xenotime (heavy REE enriched) resist weathering and can accumulate in placer deposits as part of the heavy mineral assemblage. The Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains of the southeastern United States are known to host heavy mineral deposits with economic concentrations of zircon, ilmenite and rutile. This study provides a perspective on the distribution and composition of REE phosphate minerals in the region. The elemental chemistry and mineralogy of sands and associated heavy-mineral assemblages from new and archived sediment samples across the coastal plains are examined, along with phase-specific compositions of monazite, xenotime and zircon. Both monazite and xenotime are present across the coastal plains. The phase-specific compositions allow monazite content to be estimated using La as a geochemical proxy. Similarly, both Y and Yb are geochemical proxies for xenotime, but their additional presence in zircon and monazite require a correction to prevent overestimation of xenotime content. Applying this correction, maps of monazite and xenotime content across the coastal plains were generated using sample coverage from the National Geochemical Database (NGS) and National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE). The NGS and NURE approach of sampling stream sediments in small watersheds links samples to nearby lithologies. The results show an approximately 40 km-wide band of primarily Cretaceous, marine sediments bordering the Piedmont province from North Carolina to Alabama in which monazite and xenotime content are relatively high (up to 4.4 wt. % in < 150 μm bulk sediment). Strong correlations between concentrations of the two phases were found, with estimated monazite:xenotime ratios ranging approximately 6:1 to 12:1 depending upon the dataset analyzed. From a resource perspective, xenotime correlation with monazite indicates a heavy REE potential in coastal plain placers, and exploration may be warranted within the identified coastal plain band along the boundary of the Piedmont region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.12.011","usgsCitation":"Bern, C.R., Shah, A.K., Benzel, W., and Lowers, H., 2016, The distribution and composition of REE-bearing minerals in placers of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains, USA: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 162, p. 50-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.12.011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066561","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 38.548165423046584\n ],\n [\n -74.794921875,\n 38.548165423046584\n ],\n [\n -74.794921875,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 28.613459424004414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"162","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf0236e4b06458514b3129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bern, Carleton R. 0000-0002-8980-1781 cbern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8980-1781","contributorId":166816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Carleton","email":"cbern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benzel, William 0000-0002-4085-1876 wbenzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-1876","contributorId":3594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benzel","given":"William","email":"wbenzel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. hlowers@usgs.gov","contributorId":149265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather A.","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168428,"text":"70168428 - 2016 - Production of greenhouse-grown biocrust mosses and associated cyanobacteria to rehabilitate dryland soil function","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T10:37:55","indexId":"70168428","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Production of greenhouse-grown biocrust mosses and associated cyanobacteria to rehabilitate dryland soil function","docAbstract":"Mosses are an often-overlooked component of dryland ecosystems, yet they are common members of biological soil crust communities (biocrusts) and provide key ecosystem services, including soil stabilization, water retention, carbon fixation, and housing of N2 fixing cyanobacteria. Mosses are able to survive long dry periods, respond rapidly to precipitation, and reproduce vegetatively. With these qualities, dryland mosses have the potential to be an excellent dryland restoration material. Unfortunately, dryland mosses are often slow growing in nature, and ex situ cultivation methods are needed to enhance their utility. Our goal was to determine how to rapidly produce, vegetatively, Syntrichia caninervis and S. ruralis, common and abundant moss species in drylands of North America and elsewhere, in a greenhouse. We manipulated the length of hydration on a weekly schedule (5, 4, 3, or 2 days continuous hydration per week), crossed with fertilization (once at the beginning, monthly, biweekly, or not at all). Moss biomass increased sixfold for both species in 4 months, an increase that would require years under dryland field conditions. Both moss species preferred short hydration and monthly fertilizer. Remarkably, we also unintentionally cultured a variety of other important biocrust organisms, including cyanobacteria and lichens. In only 6 months, we produced functionally mature biocrusts, as evidenced by high productivity and ecosystem-relevant levels of N2 fixation. Our results suggest that biocrust mosses might be the ideal candidate for biocrust cultivation for restoration purposes. With optimization, these methods are the first step in developing a moss-based biocrust rehabilitation technology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/rec.12311","usgsCitation":"Antoninka, A., Bowker, M.A., Reed, S.C., and Doherty, K., 2016, Production of greenhouse-grown biocrust mosses and associated cyanobacteria to rehabilitate dryland soil function: Restoration Ecology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 324-335, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12311.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"324","endPage":"335","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068497","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf0230e4b06458514b310a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antoninka, Anita","contributorId":166769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antoninka","given":"Anita","affiliations":[{"id":24503,"text":"Northern Arizona University, School of Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":620059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doherty, Kyle 0000-0002-3742-7839 kdoherty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-7839","contributorId":166770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"Kyle","email":"kdoherty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168429,"text":"70168429 - 2016 - Nutrient resorption helps drive intra-specific coupling of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus under nutrient-enriched conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T13:37:48","indexId":"70168429","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient resorption helps drive intra-specific coupling of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus under nutrient-enriched conditions","docAbstract":"Plant biomass growth, storage, and decomposition connect nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, yet we know relatively little about the dynamics of such coupling under nutrient enriched conditions, and our understanding of the interactive relationships between plant N and P in drylands remains particularly poor.
\nIn a semiarid steppe of northern China, we examined the effects of single and combined N and P additions on soil and plant N and P pools for both mature and senesced leaves in two dominant grasses: Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis.
\nNitrogen additions increased N concentrations in mature and senesced leaves for each plant species, and decreased N and P resorption during leaf senescence. The effects of N additions on foliar P concentrations were species-specific, while P additions had no effect on any nutrient characteristics examined. Due to treatment effects on N resorption, N and P concentrations were tightly correlated in senesced leaves but not in mature leaves.
\nTaken together, the results suggest plants in this ecosystem are much more responsive to changing N cycles than P cycles and emphasize the significance of nutrient resorption as an important plant control over the stoichiometric coupling of N and P under nutrient enriched conditions.
\nThis report contains reduced 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data from 63 hydrothermal white mica samples separated from orogenic gold-rich quartz veins in the Laramide Caborca orogenic gold belt (COGB) of northwestern Sonora, Mexico. The main objective of this report is to present the sample locations, 40Ar/39Ar experimental methodology, and 40Ar/39Ar isotopic data. We include age spectra and inverse-isotope correlation diagrams for all white mica samples. The age spectra are separated into three groups based on the type of age used for geologic interpretation, including plateau ages (group 1), isochron ages (group 2), and average or single-step heating ages (group 3). The resulting age spectra are used to help establish the age of mineralization for the COGB.
\nThe COGB is approximately 600 kilometers long and 60 to 80 km wide, trends northwest, and extends from west-central Sonora to southern Arizona and California. The COGB contains mineralized gold-rich quartz veins that contain free gold associated with white mica (sericite), carbonate minerals (calcite and ankerite), and sulfides such as pyrite and galena. Limited geochronologic studies exist for parts of the COGB, and previous work was concentrated in mining districts. These previous studies recorded mineralization ages of approximately 70 to 40 Ma. Therefore, some workers proposed that the orogenic gold mineralization in the region occurred during a single pulse that was associated with the Laramide Orogeny that took place during the Cretaceous to early Eocene in the western margin of North America. However, the geochronologic dataset was quite limited, making any regional interpretations tenuous. Accordingly, one of the objectives of this geochronology study was to get a better representative sampling of the COGB in order to obtain a more complete record of the mineralization history. The 63 samples presented in this work are broadly distributed throughout the area of the COGB and allow us to better test the hypothesis that mineralization occurred in a single pulse.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161008","usgsCitation":"Izaguirre, Aldo, Kunk, M.J., Iriondo, Alexander, McAleer, Ryan, Caballero-Martínez, J.A, and Espinosa Arámburu, Enrique, 2016, The Laramide Caborca orogenic gold belt of northwestern Sonora, Mexico; white mica 40Ar/39Ar geochronology from gold-rich quartz veins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1008, 30 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161008.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 4 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069619","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316618,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/ofr20161008_table4.xls","text":"Table 4 - 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data and average or single step ages determined from white micas of gold-rich quartz veins","size":"165 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1008","linkHelpText":"of the Caborca orogenic gold belt (COGB), northwestern Sonora, Mexico"},{"id":316609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":316610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/ofr20161008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1008"},{"id":316615,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/ofr20161008_table1.xls","text":"Table 1 - Summary of 63 40Ar/39Ar ages determined from white micas of gold-rich quartz veins","size":"718 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1008","linkHelpText":"of the Caborca orogenic gold belt (COGB), northwestern Sonora, Mexico"},{"id":316616,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/ofr20161008_table2.xls","text":"Table 2 - 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data and plateau ages determined from white micas of gold-rich quartz veins","size":"106 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1008","linkHelpText":"of the Caborca orogenic gold belt (COGB), northwestern Sonora, Mexico"},{"id":316617,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/ofr20161008_table3.xls","text":"Table 3 - 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data and isochron ages determined from white micas of gold-rich quartz veins","size":"95 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1008","linkHelpText":"of the Caborca orogenic gold belt (COGB), northwestern Sonora, Mexico."}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, California, Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 34.125447565116126\n ],\n [\n -114.36767578124999,\n 34.052659421375964\n ],\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -111.70898437499999,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -111.3134765625,\n 31.071755902820108\n ],\n [\n -110.32470703125,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -110.12695312499999,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -110.01708984374999,\n 28.94086176940554\n ],\n [\n -109.97314453125,\n 28.478348692223165\n ],\n [\n -109.97314453125,\n 28.09136628140692\n ],\n [\n -110.19287109375,\n 27.877928333679495\n ],\n [\n -110.654296875,\n 28.05259082333986\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 28.130127737874005\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 28.536274512989916\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 28.863918426224537\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -113.09326171875,\n 30.486550842588485\n ],\n [\n -113.7744140625,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 34.125447565116126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center
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926A National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://geology.er.usgs.gov/egpsc
Vertebrate corpse decomposition provides an important stage in nutrient cycling in most terrestrial habitats, yet microbially mediated processes are poorly understood. Here we combine deep microbial community characterization, community-level metabolic reconstruction, and soil biogeochemical assessment to understand the principles governing microbial community assembly during decomposition of mouse and human corpses on different soil substrates. We find a suite of bacterial and fungal groups that contribute to nitrogen cycling and a reproducible network of decomposers that emerge on predictable time scales. Our results show that this decomposer community is derived primarily from bulk soil, but key decomposers are ubiquitous in low abundance. Soil type was not a dominant factor driving community development, and the process of decomposition is sufficiently reproducible to offer new opportunities for forensic investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.aad2646","usgsCitation":"Metcalf, J., Xu, Z.Z., Weiss, S., Lax, S., Van Treuren, W., Hyde, E.R., Song, J., Amir, A., Larsen, P., Sangwan, N., Haarmann, D., Humphrey, G.C., Ackermann, G., Thompson, L.R., Lauber, C., Bibat, A., Nicholas, C., Gebert, M.J., Petrosino, J.F., Reed, S.C., Gilbert, J.A., Lynne, A., Bucheli, S.R., Carter, D., and Knight, R., 2016, Microbial community assembly and metabolic function during mammalian corpse decomposition: Science, v. 351, no. 6269, p. 158-162, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad2646.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"162","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068595","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"351","issue":"6269","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf022ce4b06458514b30fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metcalf, Jessica L","contributorId":166787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metcalf","given":"Jessica L","affiliations":[{"id":24516,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univesity of Colorado, Boulder; 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Rivers crossing the northern PCTR, which is also an international boundary region between British Columbia, Canada and Alaska, USA, deliver large freshwater and biogeochemical fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and establish linkages between coastal and continental ecosystems. We evaluate interannual flow variability in three transboundary PCTR watersheds in response to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). Historical hydroclimatic datasets from both Canada and the USA are analyzed using an up-to-date methodological suite accommodating both seasonally transient and highly nonlinear teleconnections. We find that streamflow teleconnections occur over particular seasonal windows reflecting the intersection of specific atmospheric and terrestrial hydrologic processes. The strongest signal is a snowmelt-driven flow timing shift resulting from ENSO- and PDO-associated temperature anomalies. Autumn rainfall runoff is also modulated by these climate modes, and a glacier-mediated teleconnection contributes to a late-summer ENSO-flow association. Teleconnections between AO and freshet flows reflect corresponding temperature and precipitation anomalies. A coherent NPGO signal is not clearly evident in streamflow. Linear and monotonically nonlinear teleconnections were widely identified, with less evidence for the parabolic effects that can play an important role elsewhere. The streamflow teleconnections did not vary greatly between hydrometric stations, presumably reflecting broad similarities in watershed characteristics. These results establish a regional foundation for both transboundary water management and studies of long-term hydroclimatic and environmental change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.10.007","usgsCitation":"Fleming, S.W., Hood, E., Dalhke, H., and O’Neel, S., 2016, Seasonal flows of international British Columbia-Alaska rivers: The nonlinear influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns: Advances in Water Resources, v. 87, p. 42-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.10.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068958","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7pg1n1rj","text":"External Repository"},{"id":317991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140,\n 55\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 55\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf0231e4b06458514b310f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Sean W.","contributorId":140495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalhke, Helen","contributorId":166741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalhke","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169052,"text":"70169052 - 2016 - Sex-specific energetics of Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) during the nursing interval","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:49:13","indexId":"70169052","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3075,"text":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex-specific energetics of Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) during the nursing interval","docAbstract":"Habitat use and activity patterns of Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) have changed with climate-induced reductions in sea ice. 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Yet total daily energy requirements (storage plus metabolic components) were similar across sexes, summing to approximately 190,000 kcal over the first month postpartum. Based on these estimates and assuming that 8,103 kcal is recovered from 1 kg of mass loss in adult female walruses, suckling calves could deplete 23 kg of their mother’s body mass over the first month after parturition if none of the lactation costs is met through ingested prey.
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Transmissivity observations from individual aquifer tests can constrain model calibration as head and flow observations do. This approach is superior to diluting aquifer-test results into generalized ranges of hydraulic conductivities. Observed and simulated transmissivities can be compared directly with T-COMP, a suite of three FORTRAN programs. Transmissivity observations require that simulated hydraulic conductivities and thicknesses in the volume investigated by an aquifer test be extracted and integrated into a simulated transmissivity. Transmissivities of MODFLOW model cells are sampled within the volume affected by an aquifer test as defined by a well-specific, radial-flow model of each aquifer test. Sampled transmissivities of model cells are averaged within a layer and summed across layers. Accuracy of the approach was tested with hypothetical, multiple-aquifer models where specified transmissivities ranged between 250 and 20,000 feet squared per day. More than 90 percent of simulated transmissivities were within a factor of 2 of specified transmissivities.
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U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, NV 89701
http://nevada.usgs.gov/water/