{"pageNumber":"1153","pageRowStart":"28800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40884,"records":[{"id":70023923,"text":"70023923 - 2002 - Future petroleum energy resources of the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-20T14:31:39.720769","indexId":"70023923","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future petroleum energy resources of the world","docAbstract":"<p>Is the world running out of oil? Where will future oil and gas supplies come from? To help answer these questions, in 2000 the U.S. Geological Survey completed a new world assessment, exclusive of the United States, of the undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources and potential additions to reserves from field growth.<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>One hundred and twenty-eight provinces were assessed in a 100 manyear effort from 1995-2000. The assessed provinces included 76 priority provinces containing 95% of the world's discovered oil and gas and an additional 52 \"boutique\" provinces, many of which may be highly prospective. Total Petroleum Systems (TPS) were identified and described for each of these provinces along with associated Assessment Units (AU) that are the basic units for assessing undiscovered petroleum. The assessment process coupled geologic analysis with a probabilistic methodology to estimate remaining potential. Within the 128 assessed provinces were 159 TPS and 274 AU. For these provinces, the endowment of recoverable oil—which includes cumulative production, remaining reserves, reserve growth, and undiscovered resources—is estimated at about 3 trillion barrels of oil (TBO). The natural gas endowment is estimated at 2.6 trillion barrels of oil equivalent (TBOE). Oil reserves are currently 1.1 TBO; world consumption is about .028 TBO per year. Natural gas reserves are about 0.8 TBOE; world consumption is about 0.014 TBOE per year. Thus, without any additional discoveries of oil, gas or natural gas liquids, we have about 2 TBOE of proved petroleum reserves. Of the oil and gas endowment of about 5.6 TBOE, we estimate that the world has consumed about 1 TBOE, or 18%, leaving about 82% of the endowment to be utilized or found. Half of the world's undiscovered potential is offshore. Arctic basins with about 25% of undiscovered petroleum resources make up the next great frontier. An additional 279 provinces contain some oil and gas and, if considered, would increase the oil and gas endowment estimates. Whereas petroleum resources in the world appear to be significant, certain countries such as the United States may run into import deficits, particularly oil imports from Mexico and natural gas from both Canada and Mexico.</p><p>The new assessment has been used as the reference supply case in energy supply models by the International Energy Agency and the Energy Information Agency of the Department of Energy. Climate energy modeling groups such as those at Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and others have also used USGS estimates in global climate models. Many of these models using the USGS estimates converge on potential oil shortfalls in 2036-2040. However, recent articles using the USGS (2000) estimates suggest peaking of oil in 2020-2035 and peaking of non-OPEC (Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries) oil in 2015-2020. Such a short time framework places greater emphasis on a transition to increased use of natural gas; i.e., a methane economy. Natural gas in turn may experience similar supply concerns in the 2050-2060 time frame according to some authors.</p><p>Coal resources are considerable and provide significant petroleum potential either by extracting natural gas from them, by directly converting them into petroleum products, or by utilizing them to generate electricity, thereby reducing natural gas and oil requirements by fuel substitution. Non-conventional oil and gas are quite common in petroleum provinces of the world and represent a significant resource yet to be fully studied and developed. Seventeen non-conventional AU including coal-bed methane, basin-center gas, continuous oil, and gas hydrate occurrences have been preliminarily identified for future assessment. Initial efforts to assess heavy oil deposits and other non-conventional oil and gas deposits also are under way.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.44.12.1092","usgsCitation":"Ahlbrandt, T., 2002, Future petroleum energy resources of the world: International Geology Review, v. 44, no. 12, p. 1092-1104, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.44.12.1092.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1092","endPage":"1104","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1435e4b0c8380cd54957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023926,"text":"70023926 - 2002 - Stable isotope compositions of waters in the Great Basin, United States 2. Modern precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70023926","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope compositions of waters in the Great Basin, United States 2. Modern precipitation","docAbstract":"Precipitation was collected between 1991 and 1997 at 41 locations within and adjacent to parts of the Great Basin lying in California, Oregon, Nevada, and Utah. These samples were analyzed for their deuterium (??D) and oxygen-18 (??18O) contents. Separate collections were made of summer and winter season precipitation at stations ranging in elevation from -65 m to 3246 m. The ??D per mil values of stations that were closely spaced but at different elevations showed an average ??D decrease of approximately 10???/km rise in elevation. Data for all samples representing winter precipitation, when plotted on a ??D versus ??18O plot, fall close to the Meteoric Water Line (??D = 8 ??18O + 10); samples representing summer precipitation define a line of slightly lower slope due to evaporation of the raindrops during their passage from cloud to ground. Comparison of our 1991-1997 ??D data with those from the same three stations reported by an earlier study in the southeastern California shows seasonal differences ranging from 0 per mil to 19??? (average: 15) and annual differences ranging from 0 to 13 per mil (average: 2), illustrating the degree of annual and seasonal variability in this region. When contoured, the ??D values display gradients indicating a north to northwest decrease in deuterium, with values ranging from -60 to -125??? in winter precipitation and from -40 to -110??? in summer precipitation. These gradient trends can be explained by the predominance of air mass trajectories originating in the tropical Pacific, the Gulf of California, and (in summer) the Gulf of Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001JD000566","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Smith, G., Johnson, C.A., and Moscati, R., 2002, Stable isotope compositions of waters in the Great Basin, United States 2. Modern precipitation: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 107, no. 19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000566.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478751,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000566","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000566"},{"id":231667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9671e4b08c986b31b4ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G.I.","contributorId":103694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moscati, R.J.","contributorId":27882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscati","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024295,"text":"70024295 - 2002 - A strategy for estimating the rates of recent United States land-cover changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:12:59","indexId":"70024295","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A strategy for estimating the rates of recent United States land-cover changes","docAbstract":"Information on the rates of land-use and land-cover change is important in addressing issues ranging from the health of aquatic resources to climate change. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of information on land-use and land-cover change except at very local levels. We describe a strategy for estimating land-cover change across the conterminous United States over the past 30 years. Change rates are estimated for 84 ecoregions using a sampling procedure and five dates of Landsat imagery. We have applied this methodology to six eastern U.S. ecoregions. Results show very high rates of change in the Plains ecoregions, high to moderate rates in the Piedmont ecoregions, and moderate to low rates in the Appalachian ecoregions. This indicates that ecoregions are appropriate strata for capturing unique patterns of land-cover change. The results of the study are being applied as we undertake the mapping of the rest of the conterminous United States.","language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., Sohl, T.L., Stehman, S., Gallant, A.L., Sayler, K., and Napton, D., 2002, A strategy for estimating the rates of recent United States land-cover changes: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 68, no. 10, p. 1091-1099.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1091","endPage":"1099","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5b5e4b0c8380cd46f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":76419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehman, S.V.","contributorId":91974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27852,"text":"State University of New York, Syracuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":23508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sayler, K. L. 0000-0003-2514-242X sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":88122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"K. L.","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Napton, D.E.","contributorId":23720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Napton","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70188496,"text":"70188496 - 2002 - The central arctic caribou herd","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70188496,"text":"70188496 - 2002 - The central arctic caribou herd","indexId":"70188496","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"4","title":"The central arctic caribou herd"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:14:19","indexId":"70188496","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"4","title":"The central arctic caribou herd","docAbstract":"<p>From the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s, use of calving and summer habitats by Central Arctic herd caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus granti</i>) declined near petroleum development infrastructure on Alaska's arctic coastal plain (Cameron et al. 1979; Cameron and Whitten 1980, Smith and Cameron 1983. Whitten and Cameron 1983a, 1985: Dau and Cameron 1986).</p><p>With surface development continuing to expand westward from the Prudhoe Bay petroleum development area (Fig. 4.1), concerns arose that the resultant cumulative losses of habitat would eventually reduce productivity of the caribou herd. Specifically, reduced access of adult females to preferred foraging areas might adversely affect growth and fattening (Elison et al. 1986. Clough et al. 1987), in turn depressing calf production (Dauphiné 1976, Thomas 1982, Reimers 1983, White 1983, Eloranta and Nieminen 1986. Lenvik et al. 1988, Thomas and Kiliaan 1991) and survival (Haukioja and Salovaara 1978, Rognmo et al. 1983, Skogland 1984, Eloranta and Nieminen 1986, Adamczewski et al. 1987).</p><p>Those concerns, though justified in theory, lacked empirical support. With industrial development in arctic Alaska virtually unprecedented, there was little basis for predicting the extent and duration of habitat loss, much less the secondary short- and long-term effects on the well-being of a particular caribou herd.</p><p>Furthermore, despite a general acceptance that body condition and fecundity of the females are functionally related for reindeer and caribou, it seemed unlikely that any single model would apply to all subspecies of <i>Rangifer</i>, and perhaps not even within a subspecies in different geographic regions. We therefore lacked a complete understanding of the behavioral responses of arctic caribou to industrial development, the manner in which access to habitats might be affected, and how changes in habitat use might translate into measurable effects on fecundity and herd growth rate.</p><p>Our study addressed the following objectives: 1) estimate variation in the size and productivity of the Central Arctic herd; 2) estimate changes in the distribution and movements of Central Arctic herd caribou in relation to the oil field development; 3) estimate the relationships between body condition and reproductive performance of female Central Arctic herd caribou, and 4) compare the body condition, reproductive success, and offspring survival of females under disturbance-free conditions (i.e., east of the Sagavanirktok River) with the status of those exposed to petroleum-related development (i.e., west of the Sagavanirktok River).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cameron, R.D., Smith, W.T., White, R.G., and Griffith, B., 2002, The central arctic caribou herd: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dca6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698016,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698017,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698018,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Raymond D.","contributorId":190363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Walter T.","contributorId":8953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Robert G.","contributorId":181759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffith, Brad","contributorId":190362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024342,"text":"70024342 - 2002 - Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic significance of biogenic structures from a late Paleozoic marginal- to open-marine reservoir, Morrow Sandstone, subsurface of southwest Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70024342","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic significance of biogenic structures from a late Paleozoic marginal- to open-marine reservoir, Morrow Sandstone, subsurface of southwest Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"Integrated ichnologic, sedimentologic, and stratigraphic studies of cores and well logs from Lower Pennsylvanian oil and gas reservoirs (lower Morrow Sandstone, southwest Kansas) allow distinction between fluvio-estuarine and open marine deposits in the Gentzler and Arroyo fields. The fluvio-estuarine facies assemblage is composed of both interfluve and valley-fill deposits, encompassing a variety of depositional environments such as fluvial channel, interfluve paleosol, bay head delta, estuary bay, restricted tidal flat, intertidal channel, and estuary mouth. Deposition in a brackish-water estuarine valley is supported by the presence of a low diversity, opportunistic, impoverished marine ichnofaunal assemblage dominated by infaunal structures, representing an example of a mixed, depauperate Cruziana and Skolithos ichnofacies. Overall distribution of ichnofossils along the estuarine valley was mainly controlled by the salinity gradient, with other parameters, such as oxygenation, substrate and energy, acting at a more local scale. The lower Morrow estuarine system displays the classical tripartite division of wave-dominated estuaries (i.e. seaward-marine sand plug, fine-grained central bay, and sandy landward zone), but tidal action is also recorded. The estuarine valley displays a northwest-southeast trend, draining to the open sea in the southeast. Recognition of valley-fill sandstones in the lower Morrow has implications for reservoir characterization. While the open marine model predicts a \"layer-cake\" style of facies distribution as a consequence of strandline shoreline progradation, identification of valley-fill sequences points to more compartmentalized reservoirs, due to the heterogeneity created by valley incision and subsequent infill. The open-marine facies assemblage comprises upper, middle, and lower shoreface; offshore transition; offshore; and shelf deposits. In contrast to the estuarine assemblage, open marine ichnofaunas are characterized by a high diversity of biogenic structures representing the activity of a benthic fauna developed under normal salinity conditions. Trace fossil and facies analyses allow environmental subdivision of the shoreface-offshore successions and suggest deposition in a weakly storm-affected nearshore area. An onshore-offshore replacement of the Skolithos ichnofacies by the Cruziana ichnofacies is clearly displayed. The lower Morrow fluvio-estuarine valley was incised during a drop of sea level coincident with the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian transition, but was mostly filled during a subsequent transgression. The transgressive nature of the estuarine infill is further indicated by the upward replacement of depauperate brackish-water trace fossil assemblages by the open-marine Cruziana ichnofacies. Additional stratal surfaces of allostratigraphic significance identified within the estuary include the bayline surface, the tidal ravinement surface, the wave ravinement surface, and a basinwide flooding surface recording inundation of the valley interfluves. A younger sequence boundary within the lower Morrow is also recorded in the Gentzler field at the base of a forced regression shoreface, demarcated by the firmground Glossifungites ichnofacies, indicating a rapid basinward facies migration during a sea-level drop. Trace fossil models derived from the analysis of Mesozoic and Cenozoic reservoirs are generally applicable to the study of these late Paleozoic reservoirs. Pennsylvanian brackish-water facies differ ichnologically from their post-Paleozoic counterparts, however, in that they have: (1) lower trace fossil diversity, (2) lower degree of bioturbation, (3) scarcity of crustacean burrows, (4) absence of firmground suites, and (5) absence of ichnotaxa displaying specific architectures designed to protect the tracemaker from salinity fluctuations. Morrow open-marine ichnofaunas closely resemble their post-Paleozoic equivalents. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00287-1","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Buatois, L., Mangano, M., Alissa, A., and Carr, T., 2002, Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic significance of biogenic structures from a late Paleozoic marginal- to open-marine reservoir, Morrow Sandstone, subsurface of southwest Kansas, USA: Sedimentary Geology, v. 152, no. 1-2, p. 99-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00287-1.","startPage":"99","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207010,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00287-1"},{"id":231541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d4ae4b08c986b318321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buatois, L.A.","contributorId":40740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buatois","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangano, M.G.","contributorId":7432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alissa, A.","contributorId":39546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alissa","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024314,"text":"70024314 - 2002 - Seismic determination of saturation in fractured reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024314","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3325,"text":"SPE Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic determination of saturation in fractured reservoirs","docAbstract":"Detecting the saturation of a fractured reservoir using shear waves is possible when the fractures have a geometry that induces a component of movement perpendicular to the fractures. When such geometry is present, vertically traveling shear waves can be used to examine the saturation of the fractured reservoir. Tilted, corrugated, and saw-tooth fracture models are potential examples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SPE Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1086055X","usgsCitation":"Brown, R., Wiggins, M., and Gupta, A., 2002, Seismic determination of saturation in fractured reservoirs: SPE Journal, v. 7, no. 3, p. 237-242.","startPage":"237","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8afce4b08c986b3174fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R.L.","contributorId":107014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiggins, M.L.","contributorId":55999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiggins","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gupta, A.","contributorId":63992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024189,"text":"70024189 - 2002 - Groundwater contamination downstream of a contaminant penetration site. II. Horizontal penetration of the contaminant plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024189","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2265,"text":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater contamination downstream of a contaminant penetration site. II. Horizontal penetration of the contaminant plume","docAbstract":"Part I of this study (Rubin, H.; Buddemeier, R.W. Groundwater Contamination Downstream of a Contaminant Penetration Site Part 1: Extension-Expansion of the Contaminant Plume. J. of Environmental Science and Health Part A (in press).) addressed cases, in which a comparatively thin contaminated region represented by boundary layers (BLs) developed within the freshwater aquifer close to contaminant penetration site. However, at some distance downstream from the penetration site, the top of the contaminant plume reaches the top or bottom of the aquifer. This is the location of the \"attachment point,\" which comprises the entrance cross section of the domain evaluated by the present part of the study. It is shown that downstream from the entrance cross section, a set of two BLs develop in the aquifer, termed inner and outer BLs. It is assumed that the evaluated domain, in which the contaminant distribution gradually becomes uniform, can be divided into two sections, designated: (a) the restructuring section, and (b) the establishment section. In the restructuring section, the vertical concentration gradient leads to expansion of the inner BL at the expense of the outer BL, and there is almost no transfer of contaminant mass between the two layers. In the establishment section, each of the BLs occupies half of the aquifer thickness, and the vertical concentration gradient leads to transfer of contaminant mass from the inner to the outer BL. By use of BL approximations, changes of salinity distribution in the aquifer are calculated and evaluated. The establishment section ends at the uniformity point, downstream from which the contaminant concentration profile is practically uniform. The length of the restructuring section, as well as that of the establishment section, is approximately proportional to the aquifer thickness squared, and is inversely proportional to the transverse dispersivity. The study provides a convenient set of definitions and terminology that are helpful in visualizing the gradual development of uniform contaminant concentration distribution in an aquifer subject to contaminant plume penetration. The method developed in this study can be applied to a variety of problems associated with groundwater quality, such as initial evaluation of field data, design of field data collection, the identification of appropriate boundary conditions for numerical models, selection of appropriate numerical modeling approaches, interpretation and evaluation of field monitoring results, etc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1081/ESE-120015462","issn":"10934529","usgsCitation":"Rubin, H., and Buddemeier, R., 2002, Groundwater contamination downstream of a contaminant penetration site. II. Horizontal penetration of the contaminant plume: Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, v. 37, no. 10, p. 1813-1839, https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120015462.","startPage":"1813","endPage":"1839","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207004,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120015462"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d9ae4b0c8380cd5bf4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, H.","contributorId":54358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024428,"text":"70024428 - 2002 - Global significance of a sub-Moho boundary layer (SMBL) deduced from high-resolution seismic observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-18T13:30:17.364546","indexId":"70024428","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global significance of a sub-Moho boundary layer (SMBL) deduced from high-resolution seismic observations","docAbstract":"We infer the fine structure of a sub-Moho boundary layer (SMBL) at the top of the lithospheric mantle from high-resolution seismic observations of Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNE) on superlong-range profiles in Russia. Densely recorded seismograms permit recognition of previously unknown features of teleseismic propagation of the well known Pn and Sn phases, such as a band of incoherent, scattered, high-frequency seismic energy, developing consistently from station to station, apparent velocities of sub-Moho material, and high-frequency energy to distances of more than 3000 km with a coda band, incoherent at 10 km spacing and yet consistently observed to the end of the profiles. Estimates of the other key elements of the SMBL were obtained by finite difference calculations of wave propagation in elastic 2D models from a systematic grid search through parameter space. The SMBL consists of randomly distributed, mild velocity fluctuations of 2% or schlieren of high aspect ratios (???40) with long horizontal extent (???20 km) and therefore as thin as 0.5 km only; SMBL thickness is 60-100 km. It is suggested that the SMBL is of global significance as the physical base of the platewide observed high-frequency phases Pn and Sn. It is shown that wave propagation in the SMBL waveguide is insensitive to the background velocity distribution on which its schlieren are superimposed. This explains why the Pn and Sn phases traverse geological provinces of various age, heat flow, crustal thickness, and tectonic regimes. Their propagation appears to be independent of age. temperature, pressure, and stress. Dynamic stretching of mantle material during subduction or flow, possibly combined with chemical differentiation have to be considered as scale-forming processes in the upper mantle. However, it is difficult to distinguish with the present sets of Pn/Sn array data whether (and also where) the boundary layer is a frozen-in feature of paleo-processes or whether it is a response to an on-going processes; nevertheless, the derived quantitative estimates of the SMBL properties provide important constraints for any hypothesis on scale-forming processes. Models to be tested by future numerical and field experiments are, for example, repeated subduction-convection stretching of oceanic lithosphere (marble-cake model) and schlieren formation at mid-ocean ridges. It is also proposed that the modeling of the observed blocking of Sn and Pn propagation at active plate margins offers a new tool to study the depth range of tectonics below the crust-mantle boundary. Finally, the deduced schlieren structure of the SMBL closes an important scale gap of three to four orders of magnitude between structural dimensions studied in petrological analysis of mantle samples (xenoliths or outcrop of oceanic lithosphere) and those imaged in classical seismological studies of the lithosphere.","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.44.8.671","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Fuchs, K., Tittgemeyer, M., Ryberg, T., Wenzel, F., and Mooney, W.D., 2002, Global significance of a sub-Moho boundary layer (SMBL) deduced from high-resolution seismic observations: International Geology Review, v. 44, no. 8, p. 671-685, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.44.8.671.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"685","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a295de4b0c8380cd5a8d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuchs, K.","contributorId":89666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuchs","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tittgemeyer, M.","contributorId":61205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tittgemeyer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wenzel, F.","contributorId":12650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenzel","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023927,"text":"70023927 - 2002 - Experience gained in testing a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70023927","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experience gained in testing a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media","docAbstract":"Usually, small-scale model error is present in groundwater modelling because the model only represents average system characteristics having the same form as the drift, and small-scale variability is neglected. These errors cause the true errors of a regression model to be correlated. Theory and an example show that the errors also contribute to bias in the estimates of model parameters. This bias originates from model nonlinearity. In spite of this bias, predictions of hydraulic head are nearly unbiased if the model intrinsic nonlinearity is small. Individual confidence and prediction intervals are accurate if the t-statistic is multiplied by a correction factor. The correction factor can be computed from the true error second moment matrix, which can be determined when the stochastic properties of the system characteristics are known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Christensen, S., and Cooley, R., 2002, Experience gained in testing a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 277, p. 22-27.","startPage":"22","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0db8e4b0c8380cd53172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, S.","contributorId":30387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooley, R.L.","contributorId":9272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023974,"text":"70023974 - 2002 - Locally refined block-centred finite-difference groundwater models: Evaluation of parameter sensitivity and the consequences for inverse modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T12:03:47","indexId":"70023974","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Locally refined block-centred finite-difference groundwater models: Evaluation of parameter sensitivity and the consequences for inverse modelling","docAbstract":"Models with local grid refinement, as often required in groundwater models, pose special problems for model calibration. This work investigates the calculation of sensitivities and the performance of regression methods using two existing and one new method of grid refinement. The existing local grid refinement methods considered are: (a) a variably spaced grid in which the grid spacing becomes smaller near the area of interest and larger where such detail is not needed, and (b) telescopic mesh refinement (TMR), which uses the hydraulic heads or fluxes of a regional model to provide the boundary conditions for a locally refined model. The new method has a feedback between the regional and local grids using shared nodes, and thereby, unlike the TMR methods, balances heads and fluxes at the interfacing boundary. Results for sensitivities are compared for the three methods and the effect of the accuracy of sensitivity calculations are evaluated by comparing inverse modelling results. For the cases tested, results indicate that the inaccuracies of the sensitivities calculated using the TMR approach can cause the inverse model to converge to an incorrect solution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., and Hill, M.C., 2002, Locally refined block-centred finite-difference groundwater models: Evaluation of parameter sensitivity and the consequences for inverse modelling: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 277, p. 227-232.","startPage":"227","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269996,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://iahs.info/redbooks/a277/iahs_277_227.pdf"}],"issue":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48f7e4b0c8380cd68279","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023949,"text":"70023949 - 2002 - High-resolution characterization of chemical heterogeneity in an alluvial aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023949","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":649,"text":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution characterization of chemical heterogeneity in an alluvial aquifer","docAbstract":"The high-resolution capabilities of direct-push technology were exploited to develop new insights into the hydrochemistry at the margin of an alluvial aquifer. Hydrostratigraphic controls on groundwater flow and contaminant loading were revealed through the combined use of direct-push electrical conductivity (EC) logging and geochemical profiling. Vertical and lateral variations in groundwater chemistry were consistent with sedimentary features indicated by EC logs, and supported a conceptual model of recharge along the floodplain margin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Czech","issn":"00017132","usgsCitation":"Schulmeister, M., Healey, J., McCall, G., Birk, S., and Butler, J., 2002, High-resolution characterization of chemical heterogeneity in an alluvial aquifer: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, v. 46, no. 2-3, p. 353-355.","startPage":"353","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30fde4b0c8380cd5db39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulmeister, M.K.","contributorId":24526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulmeister","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healey, J.M.","contributorId":61199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCall, G.W.","contributorId":35096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCall","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Birk, S.","contributorId":41182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birk","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butler, J.J.","contributorId":55605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023810,"text":"70023810 - 2002 - Improving the analysis of slug tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023810","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving the analysis of slug tests","docAbstract":"This paper examines several techniques that have the potential to improve the quality of slug test analysis. These techniques are applicable in the range from low hydraulic conductivities with overdamped responses to high hydraulic conductivities with nonlinear oscillatory responses. Four techniques for improving slug test analysis will be discussed: use of an extended capability nonlinear model, sensitivity analysis, correction for acceleration and velocity effects, and use of multiple slug tests. The four-parameter nonlinear slug test model used in this work is shown to allow accurate analysis of slug tests with widely differing character. The parameter ?? represents a correction to the water column length caused primarily by radius variations in the wellbore and is most useful in matching the oscillation frequency and amplitude. The water column velocity at slug initiation (V0) is an additional model parameter, which would ideally be zero but may not be due to the initiation mechanism. The remaining two model parameters are A (parameter for nonlinear effects) and K (hydraulic conductivity). Sensitivity analysis shows that in general ?? and V0 have the lowest sensitivity and K usually has the highest. However, for very high K values the sensitivity to A may surpass the sensitivity to K. Oscillatory slug tests involve higher accelerations and velocities of the water column; thus, the pressure transducer responses are affected by these factors and the model response must be corrected to allow maximum accuracy for the analysis. The performance of multiple slug tests will allow some statistical measure of the experimental accuracy and of the reliability of the resulting aquifer parameters. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00214-7","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"McElwee, C., 2002, Improving the analysis of slug tests: Journal of Hydrology, v. 269, no. 3-4, p. 122-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00214-7.","startPage":"122","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00214-7"}],"volume":"269","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a397ee4b0c8380cd6193c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McElwee, C.D.","contributorId":66408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwee","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024095,"text":"70024095 - 2002 - Hydrogeologic processes in saline systems: Playas, sabkhas, and saline lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024095","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic processes in saline systems: Playas, sabkhas, and saline lakes","docAbstract":"Pans, playas, sabkhas, salinas, saline lakes, and salt flats are hydrologically similar, varying only in their boundary conditions. Thus, in evaluating geochemical processes in these systems, a generic water and solute mass-balance approach can be utilized. A conceptual model of a coastal sabkha near the Arabian Gulf is used as an example to illustrate the various water and solute fluxes. Analysis of this model suggests that upward flux of ground water from underlying formations could be a major source of solutes in the sabkha, but contribute only a small volume of the water. Local rainfall is the main source of water in the modeled sabkha system with a surprisingly large recharge-to-rainfall ratio of more than 50%. The contribution of seawater to the solute budget depends on the ratio of the width of the supratidal zone to the total width and is generally confined to a narrow zone near the shoreline of a typical coastal sabkha. Because of a short residence time of water, steady-state flow is expected within a short time (<100 years), while steady state for solutes may take much longer (>50,000 years). The solute composition of the brine in a closed saline system depends largely on the original composition of the input water. The high total ion content in the brine limits the efficiency of water-rock interaction and absorption. Because most natural systems are hydrologically open, the chemistry of the brines and the associated evaporite deposits may be significantly different than that predicted for hydrologically closed systems. Seasonal changes in temperature of the unsaturated zone cause precipitation of minerals in saline systems undergoing evaporation. Thus, during the hot dry season months, minerals exhibit retrograde solubility so that gypsum, anhydrite and calcite precipitate. Evaporation near the surface is also a major process that causes mineral precipitation in the upper portion of the unsaturated zone (e.g. halite and carnallite), provided that the relative humidity of the atmosphere is less than the activity of water. The slope of the fresh/brine-water interface in saline lake systems is shallower than in fresh/seawater interface because of the greater density difference between the fresh/brine-water bodies. The interface between sabkha brines and seawater slopes seaward, unlike normal marine-fresh water systems that slope landward. Moreover, the brine/seawater interface does not achieve steady state because it is pushed toward the sea by the sabkha's brine. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth-Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00067-3","issn":"00128252","usgsCitation":"Yechieli, Y., and Wood, W., 2002, Hydrogeologic processes in saline systems: Playas, sabkhas, and saline lakes: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 58, no. 3-4, p. 343-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00067-3.","startPage":"343","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207151,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00067-3"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33f2e4b0c8380cd5f3b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yechieli, Y.","contributorId":23308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yechieli","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023808,"text":"70023808 - 2002 - Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Volga River Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, with a note on adaptive significance of body color","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023808","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Volga River Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, with a note on adaptive significance of body color","docAbstract":"We conducted laboratory experiments with Volga River Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, to develop a conceptual model of early behavior. We daily observed fish from day-0 (embryos, first life interval after hatching) to day-29 feeding larvae for preference of bright habitat and cover, swimming distance above the bottom, up- and downstream movement, and diel activity. Hatchling embryos initiated a downstream migration, which suggests that predation risk of embryos at spawning sites is high. Migration peaked on days 0-5 and ceased on day 7 (8-day migration). Migrants preferred bright, open habitat and early migrants swam-up far above the bottom (maximum daily median, 140 cm) in a vertical swim tube. Post-migrant embryos did not prefer bright illumination but continued to prefer white substrate, increased use of cover habitat, and swam on the bottom. Larvae initiated feeding on day 10 after 170.6 cumulative temperature degree-days. Larvae did not migrate, weakly preferred bright illumination, preferred white substrate and open habitat, and swam near the bottom (daily median 5-78 cm). The lack of a strong preference by larvae for bright illumination suggests foraging relies more on olfaction than vision for locating prey. A short migration by embryos would disperse wild sturgeon from a spawning area, but larvae did not migrate, so a second later migration by juveniles disperses young sturgeon to the sea (2-step migration). Embryo and larva body color was light tan and tail color was black. The migration, behavior, and light body color of Russian sturgeon embryos was similar to species of Acipenser and Scaphirhynchus in North America and to Acipenser in Asia that migrate after hatching as embryos. The similarity in migration style and body color among species with diverse phylogenies likely reflects convergence for common adaptations across biogeographic regions. ?? 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1021121900207","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., Zhuang, P., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., and Zhang, Z., 2002, Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Volga River Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, with a note on adaptive significance of body color: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 65, no. 4, p. 411-421, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021121900207.","startPage":"411","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207417,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021121900207"},{"id":232348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e52e4b0c8380cd755be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhuang, P.","contributorId":49892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, T.","contributorId":61536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Z.","contributorId":47505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023807,"text":"70023807 - 2002 - Migration and habitats of diadromous Danube River sturgeons in Romania: 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023807","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration and habitats of diadromous Danube River sturgeons in Romania: 1998-2000","docAbstract":"Upstream migrant adults of stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus (10 in 1998, 43 in 1999) and Russian sturgeon, A. gueldenstaedtii (three in 1999) were captured at river km (rkm) 58-137, mostly in the spring, and tagged with acoustic tags offering a reward for return. The overharvest was revealed by tag returns (38% in 1998, 28% in 1999) and by harvest within 26 days (and before reaching spawning grounds) of the six stellate sturgeon tracked upstream. A drop-back of > 50% of the tagged sturgeon, some to the Black Sea, shows a high sensitivity to interruption of migration and capture/handling/holding. Harvesting and dropback prevented tracking of sturgeon to spawning sites. Gillnetting and tracking of stellate sturgeon showed that the autumn migration ended in early October (river temperature 16??C) and identified a likely wintering area at river km (rkm) 75-76 (St George Branch). Thus, fishery harvesting after early October captures wintering fish, not migrants. Rare shoreline cliffs in the lower river likely create the only rocky habitat for sturgeon spawning. A survey for potential spawning habitats found five sites with rocky substrate and moderate water velocity, all ???rkm 258. Drift netting caught early life-stages of 17 fish species and one sturgeon, a beluga, Huso huso, larva likely spawned at ???rkm 258. All diadromous Danube sturgeons likely spawn at ???rkm 258.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00404.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., Suciu, R., and Horgan, M., 2002, Migration and habitats of diadromous Danube River sturgeons in Romania: 1998-2000: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 18, no. 4-6, p. 529-535, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00404.x.","startPage":"529","endPage":"535","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478767,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00404.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00404.x"},{"id":232312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56f5e4b0c8380cd6d951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suciu, R.","contributorId":12658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suciu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horgan, Martin","contributorId":23492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horgan","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024395,"text":"70024395 - 2002 - Using groundwater temperature data to constrain parameter estimation in a groundwater flow model of a wetland system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:43:45","indexId":"70024395","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using groundwater temperature data to constrain parameter estimation in a groundwater flow model of a wetland system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Parameter estimation is a powerful way to calibrate models. While head data alone are often insufficient to estimate unique parameters due to model nonuniqueness, flow‐and‐heat‐transport modeling can constrain estimation and allow simultaneous estimation of boundary fluxes and hydraulic conductivity. In this work, synthetic and field models that did not converge when head data were used did converge when head and temperature were used. Furthermore, frequency domain analyses of head and temperature data allowed selection of appropriate modeling timescales. Inflows in the Wilton, Wisconsin, wetlands could be estimated over periods such as a growing season and over periods of a few days when heads were nearly steady and groundwater temperature varied during the day. While this methodology is computationally more demanding than traditional head calibration, the results gained are unobtainable using the traditional approach. These results suggest that temperature can efficiently supplement head data in systems where accurate flux calibration targets are unavailable.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR000172","usgsCitation":"Bravo, H.R., Jiang, F., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Using groundwater temperature data to constrain parameter estimation in a groundwater flow model of a wetland system: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 8, p. 28-1-28-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR000172.","productDescription":"Article 1153; 14 p.","startPage":"28-1","endPage":"28-14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc05ae4b08c986b32a093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bravo, Hector R.","contributorId":17799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bravo","given":"Hector","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, Feng","contributorId":93656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Feng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023953,"text":"70023953 - 2002 - Assemblages of breeding birds as indicators of grassland condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023953","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assemblages of breeding birds as indicators of grassland condition","docAbstract":"We developed a measure of biological integrity for grasslands (GI) based on the most influential habitat types in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota. GI is based on proportions of habitat types and the relationships of these habitat types to breeding birds. Habitat types were identified by digital aerial photography, verified on the ground, and quantified using GIS, We then developed an index to GI based on the presence or abundance of breeding bird species. Species abundance data were obtained from 3 min roadside point counts at 889 points in 44, 4050 ha study plots over a 2-year period. Using a modified North American Breeding Bird Survey protocol, species were recorded in each of four quadrants at each point. Fifty species selected for analysis included all grassland species that occurred in at least 15 quadrants and all other bird species that occurred in at least 1 % of quadrants. We constructed preliminary models using data from each of the 2 years, then tested their predictive ability by cross-validation with data from the other year. These cross-validation tests indicated that the index consistently predicted grassland integrity. The final four models (presence and abundance models at 200 and 400 m scales) included only those species that were statistically significant (P ??? 0.05) in all preliminary models. Finally, we interpreted the components of the indices by examining associations between individual species and habitat types. Logistic regression identified 386 statistically significant relationships between species and habitat types at 200 and 400m scales. This method, though labor-intensive, successfully uses the presence of grassland-dependent species and absence of species associated with woody vegetation or cropland to provide an index to grassland integrity. Once regional associations of species with habitat types have been identified, such indices can be applied relatively inexpensively to monitor grassland integrity over large geographic areas. Indices like the ones presented here could be applied widely using bird abundance data that are currently being collected across the United States and southern Canada through the North American Breeding Bird Survey. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00060-2","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Browder, S., Johnson, D.H., and Ball, I., 2002, Assemblages of breeding birds as indicators of grassland condition: Ecological Indicators, v. 2, no. 3, p. 257-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00060-2.","startPage":"257","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-160X(02)00060-2"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edc5e4b0c8380cd499c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browder, S.F.","contributorId":12405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browder","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, I.J.","contributorId":104427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013528,"text":"1013528 - 2002 - The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T16:50:04.983656","indexId":"1013528","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement","docAbstract":"<p>Polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) of the southern Beaufort Sea population, distributed from approximately Icy Cape, west of Point Barrow, to Pearce Point, east of Paulatuk in Canada, are harvested by hunters from both countries. In Canada, quotas to control polar bear hunting have been in place, with periodic modifications, since 1968. In Alaska, passage of the United State Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) of 1972 banned polar bear hunting unless done by Alaska Natives for subsistence. However, the MMPA placed no restrictions on numbers or composition of the subsistence hunt, leaving open the potential for an overharvest with no possible legal management response until the population was declared depleted. Recognizing that as a threat to the conservation of the shared polar bear population, the Inuvialuit Game Council from Canada and the North Slop Borough from Alaska negotiated and signed a user-to-user agreement, the Polar Bear Management Agreement for the Southern Beaufort Sea, in 1988. We reviewed the functioning of the agreement through its first 10 years and concluded that, overall, it has been successful because both the total harvest and the proportion of females in the harvest have been contained within sustainable limits. However, harvest monitoring needs to be improved in Alaska, and awareness of the need to prevent overharvest of females needs to be increased in both countries. This agreement is a useful model for other user-to-user conservation agreements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic720","usgsCitation":"Brower, C., Carpenter, A., Branigan, M., Calvert, W., Evans, T., Fischbach, A.S., Nagy, J., Schliebe, S., and Stirling, I., 2002, The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement: Arctic, v. 55, no. 4, p. 362-372, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic720.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic720","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":128481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.1,66.3 ], [ -156.1,74.7 ], [ -104.0,74.7 ], [ -104.0,66.3 ], [ -156.1,66.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db641e35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brower, C.D.","contributorId":93852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brower","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, A.","contributorId":87882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Branigan, M.L.","contributorId":94249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branigan","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calvert, W.","contributorId":44105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, T.","contributorId":87883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nagy, J.A.","contributorId":27393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schliebe, S.","contributorId":27818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schliebe","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":1002933,"text":"1002933 - 2002 - Improved method for quantifying the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in bird tissues using a deuterated surrogate/GC/MS method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-20T14:27:17.666582","indexId":"1002933","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved method for quantifying the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in bird tissues using a deuterated surrogate/GC/MS method","docAbstract":"<p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">A method using a deuterated surrogate of the avicide 3-chloro-<i>p</i>-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) was developed to quantify the CPTH residues in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and breast muscle tissues in birds collected in CPTH-baited sunflower and rice fields. This method increased the range of a previous surrogate/gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy method from 0−2 to 0−20 μg/g in tissue samples and greatly simplified the extraction procedure. The modified method also sought to increase recoveries over a range of matrix effects introduced by analyzing tissues from birds collected in the field, where the GI tract contents would be affected by varying diet. The new method was used to determine the CPTH concentration in GI tract samples fortified with CPTH-treated rice bait to simulate the consumption of varying amounts of treated bait by two nontargeted bird species, pigeon (<i>Columbia livia</i>) and house sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus</i>). The new method was then used to examine the CPTH concentrations in the gizzard contents of the targeted bird species, red-winged black bird (<i>Agelaius phoeniceus</i>) and brown-headed cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>), that were collected after feeding at a treated bait site. The method proved sufficiently sensitive to quantify CPTH in the breast muscle tissues and the gizzard contents of red-winged blackbirds and brown-headed cowbirds during an operational baiting program. The levels of CPTH determined for these birds in both tissue samples were determined to be highly correlated. The appearance of CPTH in the breast muscle tissue immediately after feeding was not anticipated. The potential secondary hazard posed by the targeted birds to potential scavengers and predators was also evaluated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/jf011003d","usgsCitation":"Stahl, R.S., Custer, T.W., Pochop, P.A., and Johnston, J.J., 2002, Improved method for quantifying the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in bird tissues using a deuterated surrogate/GC/MS method: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 4, p. 732-738, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011003d.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"732","endPage":"738","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahl, Randal S.","contributorId":27390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pochop, P. A.","contributorId":73715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pochop","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, J. J.","contributorId":17339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024444,"text":"70024444 - 2002 - Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of North America and adjacent oceanic basins: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T12:44:42.112559","indexId":"70024444","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of North America and adjacent oceanic basins: A synthesis","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section \"><p>We present a new set of contour maps of the seismic structure of North America and the surrounding ocean basins. These maps include the crustal thickness, whole-crustal average<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>-wave and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i>-wave velocity, and seismic velocity of the uppermost mantle, that is,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pn</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Sn</i>. We found the following: (1) The average thickness of the crust under North America is 36.7 km (standard deviation [s.d.] ±8.4 km), which is 2.5 km thinner than the world average of 39.2 km (s.d. ± 8.5) for continental crust; (2) Histograms of whole-crustal<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>- and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i>-wave velocities for the North American crust are bimodal, with the lower peak occurring for crust without a high-velocity (6.9–7.3 km/sec) lower crustal layer; (3) Regions with anomalously high average crustal<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>-wave velocities correlate with Precambrian and Paleozoic orogens; low average crustal velocities are correlated with modern extensional regimes; (4) The average<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pn</i><span>&nbsp;</span>velocity beneath North America is 8.03 km/sec (s.d. ± 0.19 km/sec); (5) the well-known thin crust beneath the western United States extends into north-west Canada; (6) the average<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>-wave velocity of layer 3 of oceanic crust is 6.61 km/sec (s.d. ± 0.47 km/sec). However, the average crustal<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>-wave velocity under the eastern Pacific seafloor is higher than the western Atlantic seafloor due to the thicker sediment layer on the older Atlantic seafloor.</p></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120010188","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Chulick, G., and Mooney, W.D., 2002, Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of North America and adjacent oceanic basins: A synthesis: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 6, p. 2478-2492, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010188.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2478","endPage":"2492","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              7.013667927566642\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.046875,\n              30.29701788337205\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.796875,\n              42.68243539838623\n            ],\n            [\n              -49.5703125,\n              46.800059446787316\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.61328124999999,\n              54.16243396806779\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.21484375,\n              60.84491057364912\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              67.60922060496382\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              69.59589006237648\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.55078125,\n              71.07405646336098\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.0078125,\n              71.01695975726373\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.390625,\n              71.80141030136785\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.81640625,\n              68.5924865825295\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.92578125,\n              65.36683689226321\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.8828125,\n              60.673178565817715\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.9609375,\n              55.27911529201561\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.10546875,\n              55.57834467218206\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.12890625,\n              59.085738569819505\n            ],\n            [\n              -138.69140625,\n              57.98480801923985\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.25390625,\n              49.83798245308484\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.265625,\n              43.83452678223682\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.828125,\n              28.459033019728043\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.97265625,\n              21.616579336740603\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.58984375,\n              16.636191878397664\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.80078125,\n              12.897489183755892\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.90234375,\n              8.059229627200192\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.453125,\n              4.915832801313164\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              7.013667927566642\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b68e4b08c986b3177e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chulick, G.S.","contributorId":72161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chulick","given":"G.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014935,"text":"1014935 - 2002 - IL-2 and IL-12 alter NK cell responsiveness to IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 by down-regulating CXCR3 expression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T15:30:17.617167","indexId":"1014935","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2350,"text":"Journal of Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"IL-2 and IL-12 alter NK cell responsiveness to IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 by down-regulating CXCR3 expression","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">Cytokine treatment of NK cells results in alterations in multiple cellular responses that include cytotoxicity, cytokine production, proliferation, and chemotaxis. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses, microarray analysis was performed and the resulting gene expression patterns were compared between unstimulated, IL-2, IL-2 plus IL-12, and IL-2 plus IL-18-stimulated NK92 cells. RNase protection assays and RT-PCR confirmed microarray predictions for changes in mRNA expression for nine genes involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, transcriptional activation, and chemotaxis. Multiprobe RNase protection assay also detected changes in the expression of CCR2 mRNA, a gene that was not imprinted on the microarray. We subsequently expanded our search for other chemokine receptor genes absent from the microarray and found an IL-2- and IL-12-dependent decrease in CXCR3 receptor mRNA expression in NK92 cells. A detailed analysis of CXCR3 expression in primary NK cells revealed that an IL-2 and an IL-12 together significantly decreased the CXCR3 receptor mRNA and receptor surface expression by 6 and 24 h of treatment, respectively. This decrease in receptor expression was associated with a significant reduction in chemotaxis in the presence of IFN-γ-inducible protein-10. The decline in CXCR3 mRNA was due to transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms as the addition of actinomycin D to IL-2- and IL-12-treated NK92 slightly altered the half-life of the CXCR3 mRNA. Collectively, these data suggest that IL-2 and IL-12 directly affect NK cell migratory ability by rapid and direct down-regulation of chemokine receptor mRNA expression.</p></div><p id=\"p-2\">Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes that play an important role in the defense against virally infected or malignant cells (1). Their activity can be characterized as nonadaptive and independent of MHC restriction (1, 2). A variety of NK cell functions including cytotoxicity, proliferation, chemotaxis, and cytokine production are modulated by regulatory cytokines including IFN-αβ, IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, IL-10, and TNF (reviewed in Refs. 3 and 4). Because cytokines induce such a broad range of effects in NK cells, the potential for alterations in gene expression in stimulated cells is very great. To determine which genes are regulated in response to cytokine stimulation, our laboratory has used cDNA microarray technology to examine gene expression in NK cells. Microarray technology is very useful because it allows for large-scale examination of gene expression. Additionally, this technology has proved useful in identifying physiologically relevant gene expression patterns in eukaryotic systems such as yeast (5) and fibroblasts (6) as well as predicting patterns of gene expression in tumor cells (7, 8). To examine gene expression in response to cytokine stimulation, a human NK cell line, NK92, was stimulated with IL-2 alone or in combination with IL-12 or IL-18. These cytokines were chosen because of their ability to induce NK cell responses; however, little is known about the repertoire of genes that are activated by these cytokines. Microarray analysis of gene expression in NK92 cells identified a variety of genes whose mRNA expression patterns change in response to cytokine stimulation. The genes encoding the mRNAs are not specific to any one pathway; however, changes in cytokine, chemokine, and chemokine receptor gene mRNAs were prevalent. Our mRNA studies on chemokine receptor gene expression were extended to cell surface analysis of receptor densities in cytokine-treated primary NK cells. Using FACS analysis, we observed a significant decrease in CXCR3 receptor expression in NK cells treated for 24 h with IL-2 and IL-12 alone or in combination. Recently, alterations in chemokine receptor expression were reported in IL-2-stimulated NK cells (9); however, the cells were cultured in IL-2 for 8–10 days. In contrast, our data demonstrate that cytokines can modify chemokine receptor function within hours, thus supporting a model whereby cytokines, in particular IL-2 and IL-12, regulate chemokine receptor expression in a direct, rapid, and novel manner.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Immunologists","doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6090","usgsCitation":"Hodge, D.L., Schill, W.B., Wang, J.M., Blanca, I., Reynolds, D.A., Ortaldo, J.R., and Young, H., 2002, IL-2 and IL-12 alter NK cell responsiveness to IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 by down-regulating CXCR3 expression: Journal of Immunology, v. 168, p. 6090-6098, https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6090.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6090","endPage":"6098","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6090","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c883","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodge, D. L.","contributorId":20286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodge","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schill, William B. 0000-0002-9217-984X wschill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9217-984X","contributorId":2736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"William","email":"wschill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Ji Ming","contributorId":294521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ji","email":"","middleInitial":"Ming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blanca, I.","contributorId":21909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanca","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reynolds, D. A.","contributorId":62555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ortaldo, J. R.","contributorId":40559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ortaldo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, H. A.","contributorId":24310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1008616,"text":"1008616 - 2002 - Estimating total human-caused mortality from reported mortality using data from radio-instrumented grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T14:55:56","indexId":"1008616","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating total human-caused mortality from reported mortality using data from radio-instrumented grizzly bears","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;Tracking mortality of the Yellowstone grizzly bear (<i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i>) is an essential issue of the recovery process. Problem bears&nbsp;removed by agencies are well documented. Deaths of radiocollared bears are known or, in many cases, can be reliably inferred. Additionally, the&nbsp;public reports an unknown proportion of deaths of uncollared bears. Estimating the number of non-agency human-caused mortalities is a necessary&nbsp;element that must be factored into the total annual mortality. Here, we describe a method of estimating the number of such deaths from records of&nbsp;reported human-caused bear mortalities. We used a hierarchical Bayesian model with a non-informative prior distribution for the number of deaths.&nbsp;Estimates of reporting rates developed from deaths of radio-instrumented bears from 1983 to 2000 were used to develop beta prior probability&nbsp;distributions that the public will report a death. Twenty-seven known deaths of radio-instrumented bears occurred during this period with 16&nbsp;reported. Additionally, fates of 23 radio-instrumented bears were unknown and are considered possible unreported mortalities. We describe 3 ways&nbsp;of using this information to specify prior distributions on the probability a death will be reported by the public. We estimated total deaths of noninstrumented bears in running 3-year periods from 1993 to 2000. Thirty-nine known deaths of non-instrumented bears were reported during this&nbsp;period, ranging from 0 to 7/year. Seven possible mortalities were recorded. We applied the method to both sets of mortality data. Results from this&nbsp;method can be combined with agency removals and deaths of collared bears to produce defensible estimates of total mortality over relevant periods&nbsp;and to incorporate uncertainty when evaluating mortality limits established for the Yellowstone grizzly bear population. Assumptions and limitations of this procedure are discussed. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research & Management","usgsCitation":"Cherry, S., Haroldson, M., Robison-Cox, J., and Schwartz, C., 2002, Estimating total human-caused mortality from reported mortality using data from radio-instrumented grizzly bears: Ursus, v. 13, p. 175-184.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311877,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.org/iba-publications/ursus/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.98388671874999,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.13818359375,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.13818359375,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.98388671874999,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.98388671874999,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc0cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, S.","contributorId":50480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haroldson, M.A. 0000-0002-7457-7676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":108047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robison-Cox, J.","contributorId":107652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison-Cox","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, C.C.","contributorId":33658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023838,"text":"70023838 - 2002 - Statistical characteristics of xenoliths in the Antioch kimberlite pipe, Marshall County, northeastern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T15:21:21.749404","indexId":"70023838","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical characteristics of xenoliths in the Antioch kimberlite pipe, Marshall County, northeastern Kansas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geometrical characteristics of xenoliths in the Antioch kimberlite pipe have been considered in statistical terms. A method of conversion of 2D intersections to 3D dimensions was used. It has been shown that the Rosin-Rammler distribution of mass leads to the Weibull distribution of sizes, whereas a fractal distribution of sizes can be expressed as the Pareto distribution. Lognormal, Weibull, and Pareto distributions have been tested as model distributions. The Pareto distribution could be the most appropriate model for the distribution of xenoliths. This conclusion is in agreement with the general concept that the xenoliths formed as a result of an underground explosion without additional breakage occurring during magma transport. The final distribution may be shifted from the initial model as a result of processes of redistribution and sorting of xenoliths in liquid-crystalline flows.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1021150012480","usgsCitation":"Kotov, S., and Berendsen, P., 2002, Statistical characteristics of xenoliths in the Antioch kimberlite pipe, Marshall County, northeastern Kansas: Natural Resources Research, v. 11, no. 4, p. 289-297, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021150012480.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Marshall County","otherGeospatial":"Antioch kimberlite pipe","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.89666748046874,\n              39.12153746241925\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.35009765625,\n              39.12153746241925\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.35009765625,\n              39.720919782725545\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.89666748046874,\n              39.720919782725545\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.89666748046874,\n              39.12153746241925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9703e4b08c986b31b829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotov, S.","contributorId":8257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotov","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berendsen, Pieter","contributorId":19215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berendsen","given":"Pieter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024480,"text":"70024480 - 2002 - Modeling enhanced in situ denitrification in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T11:00:47","indexId":"70024480","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling enhanced in situ denitrification in groundwater","docAbstract":"<p><span>A two-dimensional numerical solute transport model was developed for simulating an enhanced in situ denitrification experiment performed in a nitrate-contaminated aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. In this experiment, formate&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>HCOO</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(HCOO-)</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;was injected for a period of 26 days into the carbon-limited aquifer to stimulate denitrification. Calibration of the vertical-profile site model was demonstrated through error analysis and comparison with formate, nitrate, and nitrite concentration data monitored along a transect of three multilevel groundwater sampling wells for 75 days after initial injection. Formate utilization rates were approximately 142 and 38 μM/day for nitrate and nitrite reduction, respectively. Nitrate and nitrite utilization rates were approximately 29 and 8 μM/day, respectively. Nitrate utilization rates under enhanced conditions were 1 order of magnitude greater than previously reported naturally occurring rates. The nitrite production rate was approximately 29 μM/day. Persistence of nitrite was attributed to a combination of factors, including electron donor (formate) limitation late in the experiment, preferential utilization of nitrate as an electron acceptor, and greater nitrite production relative to nitrite utilization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:6(491)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Killingstad, M., Widdowson, M., and Smith, R.L., 2002, Modeling enhanced in situ denitrification in groundwater: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 128, no. 6, p. 491-504, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:6(491).","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"504","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207997,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:6(491)"}],"volume":"128","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf7e4b0c8380cd6f931","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Killingstad, M.W.","contributorId":105478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killingstad","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widdowson, M.A.","contributorId":46262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024568,"text":"70024568 - 2002 - A bilinear source-scaling model for M-log a observations of continental earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024568","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bilinear source-scaling model for M-log a observations of continental earthquakes","docAbstract":"The Wells and Coppersmith (1994) M-log A data set for continental earthquakes (where M is moment magnitude and A is fault area) and the regression lines derived from it are widely used in seismic hazard analysis for estimating M, given A. Their relations are well determined, whether for the full data set of all mechanism types or for the subset of strike-slip earthquakes. Because the coefficient of the log A term is essentially 1 in both their relations, they are equivalent to constant stress-drop scaling, at least for M ??? 7, where most of the data lie. For M > 7, however, both relations increasingly underestimate the observations with increasing M. This feature, at least for strike-slip earthquakes, is strongly suggestive of L-model scaling at large M. Using constant stress-drop scaling (???? = 26.7 bars) for M ??? 6.63 and L-model scaling (average fault slip u?? = ??L, where L is fault length and ?? = 2.19 &times 10-5) at larger M, we obtain the relations M = log A + 3.98 ?? 0.03, A ??? 537 km2 and M = 4/3 log A + 3.07 ?? 0.04, A > 537 km2. These prediction equations of our bilinear model fit the Wells and Coppersmith (1994) data set well in their respective ranges of validity, the transition magnitude corresponding to A = 537 km2 being M = 6.71.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120010148","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., and Bakun, W.H., 2002, A bilinear source-scaling model for M-log a observations of continental earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1841-1846, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010148.","startPage":"1841","endPage":"1846","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207848,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120010148"},{"id":233090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e323e4b0c8380cd45e39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}