{"pageNumber":"1155","pageRowStart":"28850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40884,"records":[{"id":1001694,"text":"1001694 - 2002 - Invertebrate biomass: associations with lesser prairie-chicken habitat use and sand sagebrush density in southwestern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1001694","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invertebrate biomass: associations with lesser prairie-chicken habitat use and sand sagebrush density in southwestern Kansas","docAbstract":"Invertebrates are important food sources for lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) adults and broods. We compared invertebrate biomass in areas used and not used by lesser prairie-chicken adults and broods. We used radiotelemetry to determine use and non-use areas in sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) prairie in southwestern Kansas and sampled invertebrate populations during summer 1998 and 1999. Sweepnet-collected biomass of short-horned grasshoppers (Acrididae) and total invertebrate biomass generally were greater in habitats used by lesser prairie-chickens than in paired non-use areas. We detected no differences in pitfall-collected biomass of Acrididae (P=0.81) or total invertebrate biomass (P=0.93) among sampling areas with sand sagebrush canopy cover of 0 to 10%, 11 to 30%, and >30%. Results of multivariate analysis and regression model selection suggested that forbs were more strongly associated with invertebrate biomass than shrubs, grasses, or bare ground. We could not separate lesser prairie-chicken selection for areas of forb cover from selection of areas with greater invertebrate biomass associated with forb cover. Regardless of whether the effects of forbs were direct or indirect, their importance in sand sagebrush habitat has management implications. Practices that maintain or increase forb cover likely will increase invertebrate biomass and habitat quality in southwestern Kansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Jamison, B., Robel, R., Pontius, J., and Applegate, R., 2002, Invertebrate biomass: associations with lesser prairie-chicken habitat use and sand sagebrush density in southwestern Kansas: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, p. 517-526.","productDescription":"p. 517-526","startPage":"517","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c4e4b07f02db53f123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jamison, B.","contributorId":91071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robel, R.J.","contributorId":20297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robel","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pontius, J.S.","contributorId":69523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontius","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Applegate, R.D.","contributorId":15581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003461,"text":"1003461 - 2002 - Evaluation of spatial models to predict vulnerability of forest birds to brood parasitism by cowbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T16:57:10.511853","indexId":"1003461","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of spatial models to predict vulnerability of forest birds to brood parasitism by cowbirds","docAbstract":"<p>We constructed alternative spatial models at two scales to predict Brown-headed Cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) parasitism rates from land cover maps. The local-scale models tested competing hypotheses about the relationship between cowbird parasitism and distance of host nests from a forest edge (forest-nonforest boundary). The landscape models tested competing hypotheses about how landscape features (e.g., forests, agricultural fields) interact to determine rates of cowbird parasitism. The models incorporate spatial neighborhoods with a radius of 2.5 km in their formulation, reflecting the scale of the majority of cowbird commuting activity. Field data on parasitism by cowbirds (parasitism rate and number of cowbird eggs per nest) were collected at 28 sites in the Driftless Area Ecoregion of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa and were compared to the predictions of the alternative models. At the local scale, there was a significant positive relationship between cowbird parasitism and mean distance of nest sites from the forest edge. At the landscape scale, the best fitting models were the forest-dependent and forest-fragmentation-dependent models, in which more heavily forested and less fragmented landscapes had higher parasitism rates. However, much of the explanatory power of these models results from the inclusion of the local-scale relationship in these models. We found lower rates of cowbird parasitism than did most Midwestern studies, and we identified landscape patterns of cowbird parasitism that are opposite to those reported in several other studies of Midwestern songbirds. We caution that cowbird parasitism patterns can be unpredictable, depending upon ecoregional location and the spatial extent, and that our models should be tested in other ecoregions before they are applied there. Our study confirms that cowbird biology has a strong spatial component, and that improved spatial models applied at multiple spatial scales will be required to predict the effects of landscape and forest management on cowbird parasitism of forest birds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0412:EOSMTP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gustafson, E., Knutson, M.G., Niemi, G., and Friberg, M., 2002, Evaluation of spatial models to predict vulnerability of forest birds to brood parasitism by cowbirds: Ecological Applications, v. 12, no. 2, p. 412-426, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0412:EOSMTP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"412","endPage":"426","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Driftless Area Ecoregion","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.7353515625,\n              42.35854391749705\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5712890625,\n              42.35854391749705\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5712890625,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7353515625,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7353515625,\n              42.35854391749705\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fab5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustafson, E.J.","contributorId":81465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niemi, G.J.","contributorId":80234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niemi","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friberg, M.","contributorId":24751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friberg","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70161958,"text":"70161958 - 2002 - Community food webs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T11:27:59","indexId":"70161958","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Community food webs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Community food webs describe the feeding relationships, or trophic interactions, between the species of an ecological community. Both the structure and dynamics of such webs are the focus of food web research. The topological structures of empirical food webs from many ecosystems have been published on the basis of field studies and they form the foundation for theory concerning the mean number of trophic levels, the mean number of trophic connections versus number of species, and other food web measures, which show consistency across different ecosystems. The dynamics of food webs are influenced by indirect interactions, in which changes in the level of a population in one part of the food web may have indirect effects throughout the web. The mechanisms of these interactions are typically studied microcosm experiments, or sometimes in-field experiments. The use of mathematical models is also a major approach to understanding the effects of indirect interactions. Both empirical and mathematical studies have revealed important properties of food webs, such as keystone predators and trophic cascades.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Environmetrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9780470057339.vac033.pub2","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., 2002, Community food webs, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, v. 1, p. 368-371, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470057339.vac033.pub2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"368","endPage":"371","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e03fe4b039675d005e00","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"El-Shaarawi, Abdel H.","contributorId":148056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"El-Shaarawi","given":"Abdel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588199,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piegorsch, Walter W.","contributorId":112670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piegorsch","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588200,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024351,"text":"70024351 - 2002 - Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:37:27.819557","indexId":"70024351","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examine the correlation between seismicity rate change following the 1992,&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>7.3, Landers, California, earthquake and characteristics of the complete Coulomb failure stress (CFS) changes (ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>)) that this earthquake generated. At close distances the time-varying “dynamic” portion of the stress change depends on how the rupture develops temporally and spatially and arises from radiated seismic waves and from permanent coseismic fault displacement. The permanent “static” portion (ΔCFS) depends only on the final coseismic displacement. ΔCFS diminishes much more rapidly with distance than the transient, dynamic stress changes. A common interpretation of the strong correlation between ΔCFS and aftershocks is that load changes can advance or delay failure. Stress changes may also promote failure by physically altering properties of the fault or its environs. Because it is transient, ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>) can alter the failure rate only by the latter means. We calculate both ΔCFS and the maximum positive value of ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>) (peak ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>)) using a reflectivity program. Input parameters are constrained by modeling Landers displacement seismograms. We quantify the correlation between maps of seismicity rate changes and maps of modeled ΔCFS and peak ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>) and find agreement for both models. However, rupture directivity, which does not affect ΔCFS, creates larger peak ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>) values northwest of the main shock. This asymmetry is also observed in seismicity rate changes but not in ΔCFS. This result implies that dynamic stress changes are as effective as static stress changes in triggering aftershocks and may trigger earthquakes long after the waves have passed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000202","usgsCitation":"Kilb, D., Gomberg, J., and Bodin, P., 2002, Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B4, p. ESE 2-1-ESE 2-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000202.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"ESE 2-1","endPage":"ESE 2-14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000202","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8d2e4b0c8380cd47ec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilb, Debi","contributorId":90892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilb","given":"Debi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024267,"text":"70024267 - 2002 - Paleoseismic event dating and the conditional probability of large earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T11:48:40.733969","indexId":"70024267","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismic event dating and the conditional probability of large earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault, California","docAbstract":"We introduce a quantitative approach to paleoearthquake dating and apply it to paleoseismic data from the Wrightwood and Pallett Creek sites on the southern San Andreas fault. We illustrate how stratigraphic ordering, sedimentological, and historical data can be used quantitatively in the process of estimating earthquake ages. Calibrated radiocarbon age distributions are used directly from layer dating through recurrence intervals and recurrence probability estimation. The method does not eliminate subjective judgements in event dating, but it does provide a means of systematically and objectively approaching the dating process. Date distributions for the most recent 14 events at Wrightwood are based on sample and contextual evidence in Fumal et al. (2002) and site context and slip history in Weldon et al. (2002). Pallett Creek event and dating descriptions are from published sources. For the five most recent events at Wrightwood, our results are consistent with previously published estimates, with generally comparable or narrower uncertainties. For Pallett Creek, our earthquake date estimates generally overlap with previous results but typically have broader uncertainties. Some event date estimates are very sensitive to details of data interpretation. The historical earthquake in 1857 ruptured the ground at both sites but is not constrained by radiocarbon data. Radiocarbon ages, peat accumulation rates, and historical constraints at Pallett Creek for event X yield a date estimate in the earliest 1800s and preclude a date in the late 1600s. This event is almost certainly the historical 1812 earthquake, as previously concluded by Sieh et al. (1989). This earthquake also produced ground deformation at Wrightwood. All events at Pallett Creek, except for event T, about A.D. 1360, and possibly event I, about A.D. 960, have corresponding events at Wrightwood with some overlap in age ranges. Event T falls during a period of low sedimentation at Wrightwood when conditions were not favorable for recording earthquake evidence. Previously proposed correlations of Pallett Creek X with Wrightwood W3 in the 1690s and Pallett Creek event V with W5 around 1480 (Fumal et al., 1993) appear unlikely after our dating reevaluation. Apparent internal inconsistencies among event, layer, and dating relationships around events R and V identify them as candidates for further investigation at the site. Conditional probabilities of earthquake recurrence were estimated using Poisson, lognormal, and empirical models. The presence of 12 or 13 events at Wrightwood during the same interval that 10 events are reported at Pallett Creek is reflected in mean recurrence intervals of 105 and 135 years, respectively. Average Poisson model 30-year conditional probabilities are about 20% at Pallett Creek and 25% at Wrightwood. The lognormal model conditional probabilities are somewhat higher, about 25% for Pallett Creek and 34% for Wrightwood. Lognormal variance ??ln estimates of 0.76 and 0.70, respectively, imply only weak time predictability. Conditional probabilities of 29% and 46%, respectively, were estimated for an empirical distribution derived from the data alone. Conditional probability uncertainties are dominated by the brevity of the event series; dating uncertainty contributes only secondarily. Wrightwood and Pallett Creek event chronologies both suggest variations in recurrence interval with time, hinting that some form of recurrence rate modulation may be at work, but formal testing shows that neither series is more ordered than might be produced by a Poisson process.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000605","usgsCitation":"Biasi, G., Weldon, R., Fumal, T.E., and Seitz, G.G., 2002, Paleoseismic event dating and the conditional probability of large earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 7, p. 2761-2781, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000605.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2761","endPage":"2781","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.75146484375,\n              34.66935854524543\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.27929687499999,\n              33.669496972795535\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.94970703125,\n              33.55970664841198\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.301025390625,\n              34.49750272138159\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.740478515625,\n              34.82282272723702\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75146484375,\n              34.66935854524543\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7443e4b0c8380cd77548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biasi, G. P. 0000-0003-0940-5488","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-5488","contributorId":41180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biasi","given":"G. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weldon, R.J. II","contributorId":37088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"R.J.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fumal, T. E.","contributorId":25942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seitz, G. G.","contributorId":95651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024796,"text":"70024796 - 2002 - Maturation and fecundity of a stock-enhanced population of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024796","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maturation and fecundity of a stock-enhanced population of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The striped bass Morone saxatilis population in the Savannah River (south-eastern U.S.A.) collapsed in the 1980s, and recent efforts to restore the population have resulted in increased catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary (SRE). The abundance of eggs and larvae, however, remain well below historic levels. The primary cause of the population decline was remedied, and environmental conditions seem suitable for striped bass spawning. Regression analysis of data derived from ultrasonic imaging of 31 striped bass resulted in a statistical model that predicted ovary volume well (r2=0.95). The enumeration of oocytes from ovarian tissue samples and the prediction of ovary volume allowed fecundity to be estimated without sacrificing the fish. Oocyte maturation in Savannah River striped bass seemed to progress normally, with oocytes developing to final stages of maturity in larger fish (>750 mm LT). Additionally, fecundity estimates were comparable to a neighbouring striped bass population. The environmental cues needed to trigger development and release of striped bass oocytes into the SRE appeared to be present. If most of the striped bass females in the SRE are still young (<7 years), the ability to produce large numbers of eggs will be limited. As these young fish mature, egg production probably will increase and the density of striped bass eggs eventually will approach historic levels, provided suitable habitat and water quality are maintained. ?? 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jfbi.2002.1870","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Will, T., Reinert, T., and Jennings, C., 2002, Maturation and fecundity of a stock-enhanced population of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary, U.S.A.: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 60, no. 3, p. 532-544, https://doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.2002.1870.","startPage":"532","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207936,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.2002.1870"},{"id":233247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5293e4b0c8380cd6c508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Will, T.A.","contributorId":44326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Will","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinert, T.R.","contributorId":28043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinert","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A.","contributorId":38504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024419,"text":"70024419 - 2002 - Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70024419","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1577,"text":"Environmetrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data","docAbstract":"Skewness of environmental data is often caused by more than simply a handful of outliers in an otherwise normal distribution. Statistical procedures for such datasets must be sufficiently robust to deal with distributions that are strongly non-normal, containing both a large proportion of outliers and a skewed main body of data. In the field of water quality, skewness is commonly associated with large variation over short distances. Spatial analysis of such data generally requires either considerable effort at modeling or the use of robust procedures not strongly affected by skewness and local variability. Using a skewed dataset of 675 nitrate measurements in ground water, commonly used methods for defining a surface (least-squares regression and kriging) are compared to a more robust method (loess). Three choices are critical in defining a surface: (i) is the surface to be a central mean or median surface? (ii) is either a well-fitting transformation or a robust and scale-independent measure of center used? (iii) does local spatial autocorrelation assist in or detract from addressing objectives? Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmetrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/env.531","issn":"11804009","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., and Ryker, S., 2002, Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data: Environmetrics, v. 13, no. 5-6, p. 445-452, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.531.","startPage":"445","endPage":"452","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478770,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/env.531","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207011,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.531"},{"id":231544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe39e4b0c8380cd4ebdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryker, S.J.","contributorId":16047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryker","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024231,"text":"70024231 - 2002 - Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T18:04:09.487159","indexId":"70024231","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level","docAbstract":"<p>Salt marsh ecosystems are maintained by the dominant macrophytes that regulate the elevation of their habitat within a narrow portion of the intertidal zone by accumulating organic matter and trapping inorganic sediment. The long-term stability of these ecosystems is explained by interactions among sea level, land elevation, primary production, and sediment accretion that regulate the elevation of the sediment surface toward an equilibrium with mean sea level. We show here in a salt marsh that this equilibrium is adjusted upward by increased production of the salt marsh macrophyte <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> and downward by an increasing rate of relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Adjustments in marsh surface elevation are slow in comparison to interannual anomalies and long-period cycles of sea level, and this lag in sediment elevation results in significant variation in annual primary productivity. We describe a theoretical model that predicts that the system will be stable against changes in relative mean sea level when surface elevation is greater than what is optimal for primary production. When surface elevation is less than optimal, the system will be unstable. The model predicts that there is an optimal rate of RSLR at which the equilibrium elevation and depth of tidal flooding will be optimal for plant growth. However, the optimal rate of RSLR also represents an upper limit because at higher rates of RSLR the plant community cannot sustain an elevation that is within its range of tolerance. For estuaries with high sediment loading, such as those on the southeast coast of the United States, the limiting rate of RSLR was predicted to be at most 1.2 cm/yr, which is 3.5 times greater than the current, long-term rate of RSLR.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Morris, J.T., Sundareshwar, P., Nietch, C., Kjerfve, B., and Cahoon, D.R., 2002, Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level: Ecology, v. 83, no. 10, p. 2869-2877, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2869","endPage":"2877","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Goat Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.793701171875,\n              32.79477851084409\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7449493408203,\n              32.79477851084409\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7449493408203,\n              32.8149783969858\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.793701171875,\n              32.8149783969858\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.793701171875,\n              32.79477851084409\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa9ee4b0c8380cd8642c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, J. T.","contributorId":70422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sundareshwar, P.V.","contributorId":48348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundareshwar","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nietch, C.T.","contributorId":29592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nietch","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kjerfve, B.","contributorId":49110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjerfve","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024430,"text":"70024430 - 2002 - Plume-driven plumbing and crustal formation in Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:26:56.720626","indexId":"70024430","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plume-driven plumbing and crustal formation in Iceland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Through combination of surface wave and body wave constraints we derive a three-dimensional (3-D) crustal&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;velocity model and Moho map for Iceland. It reveals a vast plumbing system feeding mantle plume melt into upper crustal magma chambers where crustal formation takes place. The method is based on the partitioned waveform inversion to which we add additional observations. Love waves from six local events recorded on the HOTSPOT- SIL networks are fitted,&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span>&nbsp;travel times from the same events measured, previous observations of crustal thickness are added, and all three sets of constraints simultaneously inverted for our 3-D model. In the upper crust (0–15 km) an elongated low-velocity region extends along the length of the Northern, Eastern and Western Neovolcanic Zones. The lowest velocities (−7%) are found at 5–10 km below the two most active volcanic complexes: Hekla and Bárdarbunga-Grímsvötn. In the lower crust (&gt;15 km) the low-velocity region can be represented as a vertical cylinder beneath central Iceland. The low-velocity structure is interpreted as the thermal halo of pipe work which connects the region of melt generation in the uppermost mantle beneath central Iceland to active volcanoes along the neovolcanic zones. Crustal thickness in Iceland varies from 15–20 km beneath the Reykjanes Peninsula, Krafla and the extinct Snæfellsnes rift zone, to 46 km beneath central Iceland. The average crustal thickness is 29 km. The variations in thickness can be explained in terms of the temporal variation in plume productivity over the last ∼20 Myr, the Snæfellsnes rift zone being active during a minimum in plume productivity. Variations in crustal thickness do not depart significantly from an isostatically predicted crustal thickness. The best fit linear isostatic relation implies an average density jump of 4% across the Moho. Rare earth element inversions of basalt compositions on Iceland suggest a melt thickness (i.e., crustal thickness) of 15–20 km, given passive upwelling. The observed crustal thickness of up to 46 km implies active fluxing of source material through the melt zone by the mantle plume at up to 3 times the passive rate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000584","usgsCitation":"Allen, R.M., Nolet, G., Morgan, W.J., Vogfjord, K., Nettles, M., Ekstrom, G., Bergsson, B.H., Erlendsson, P., Foulger, G., Jakobsdottir, S., Julian, B., Pritchard, M., Ragnarsson, S., and Stefansson, R., 2002, Plume-driven plumbing and crustal formation in Iceland: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B8, p. ESE 4-1-ESE 4-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000584.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"ESE 4-1","endPage":"ESE 4-19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1620680","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -18.10546875,\n              63.3324127919358\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.2822265625,\n              64.32087157990324\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.18359375,\n              65.25670649344259\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.809570312499998,\n              66.4957404570233\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.435546875,\n              66.65297740055279\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.1826171875,\n              66.37275500247455\n            ],\n            [\n              -20.5224609375,\n              66.19600891267761\n            ],\n            [\n              -22.8955078125,\n              66.56574650920786\n            ],\n            [\n              -24.8291015625,\n              65.60387765860433\n            ],\n            [\n              -24.0380859375,\n              64.64270382119375\n            ],\n            [\n              -23.027343749999996,\n              63.74363097533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -18.6328125,\n              63.25341156651705\n            ],\n            [\n              -18.10546875,\n              63.3324127919358\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c95e4b0c8380cd79a7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, R. M.","contributorId":36170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolet, G.","contributorId":26448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolet","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, W. J.","contributorId":10573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogfjord, K.","contributorId":13768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogfjord","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nettles, M.","contributorId":31153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nettles","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ekstrom, G.","contributorId":14977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bergsson, B. H.","contributorId":19320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergsson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Erlendsson, P.","contributorId":95638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erlendsson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jakobsdottir, S.","contributorId":64828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsdottir","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pritchard, M.","contributorId":11358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritchard","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ragnarsson, S.","contributorId":12644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragnarsson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stefansson, R.","contributorId":81650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70024503,"text":"70024503 - 2002 - The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:23:19.48429","indexId":"70024503","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Deformation associated with an earthquake swarm on 12 September 1999 in the Upper East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano was recorded by continuous GPS receivers and by borehole tiltmeters. Analyses of campaign GPS, leveling data, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the ERS-2 satellite also reveal significant deformation from the swarm. We interpret the swarm as resulting from a dike intrusion and model the deformation field using a constant pressure dike source. Nonlinear inversion was used to find the model that best fits the data. The optimal dike is located beneath and slightly to the west of Mauna Ulu, dips steeply toward the south, and strikes nearly east-west. It is approximately 3 by 2 km across and was driven by a pressure of ∼15 MPa. The total volume of the dike was 3.3 × 10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>. Tilt data indicate a west to east propagation direction. Lack of premonitory inflation of Kilauea's summit suggests a passive intrusion; that is, the immediate cause of the intrusion was probably tensile failure in the shallow crust of the Upper East Rift Zone brought about by persistent deep rifting and by continued seaward sliding of Kilauea's south flank.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000602","usgsCitation":"Cervelli, P., Segall, P., Amelung, F., Garbeil, H., Meertens, C., Owen, S., Mikijus, A., and Lisowski, M., 2002, The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B7, p. ECV 3-1-ECV 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000602.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"ECV 3-1","endPage":"ECV 3-13","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.35766601562497,\n              19.283924564443133\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.10498046875,\n              19.283924564443133\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.10498046875,\n              19.480834276134903\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35766601562497,\n              19.480834276134903\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35766601562497,\n              19.283924564443133\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba615e4b08c986b320e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amelung, F.","contributorId":106268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelung","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garbeil, H.","contributorId":103023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbeil","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meertens, C.","contributorId":30002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meertens","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70024249,"text":"70024249 - 2002 - Sea level response to ENSO along the central California coast: How the 1997-1998 event compares with the historic record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T13:30:43.780378","indexId":"70024249","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3194,"text":"Progress in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea level response to ENSO along the central California coast: How the 1997-1998 event compares with the historic record","docAbstract":"<p><span>Long-term monthly sea level and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies from central California show that during winter months, positive anomalies are associated with El Niño events and the negative ones with La Niña events. There is no significant impact on monthly mean anomalies associated with Pacific decadal oscillations, although there is a tendency for more extreme events and greater variance during positive decadal oscillations. The very strong 1997–1998 El Niño was analyzed with respect to the long-term historic record to assess the forcing mechanisms for sea level and SST. Beginning in the spring of 1997, we observed several long-period&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>(&amp;gt;30</mtext><mspace xmlns=&quot;true&quot; sp=&quot;0.25&quot; width=&quot;2px&quot; linebreak=&quot;nobreak&quot; is=&quot;true&quot; /><mtext>days)</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(&gt;30days)</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;fluctuations in daily sea level with amplitudes of over 10 cm at San Francisco, California. Fluctuations of poleward long-period alongshore wind stress anomalies (AWSA) are coherent with the sea level anomalies. However, the wind stress cannot entirely account for the observed sea level signals. The sea level fluctuations are also correlated with sea level fluctuations observed further south at Los Angeles and Tumaco, Columbia, which showed a poleward phase propagation of the sea level signal. We suggest that the sea level fluctuations were, to a greater degree, forced by the passage of remotely generated and coastally trapped waves that were generated along the equator and propagated to the north along the west coast of North America. However, both local and remote AWSA can significantly modulate the sea level signals. The arrival of coastally trapped waves began in the spring of 1997, which is earlier than previous strong El Niño events such as the 1982–1983 event.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00047-2","usgsCitation":"Ryan, H.F., and Noble, M., 2002, Sea level response to ENSO along the central California coast: How the 1997-1998 event compares with the historic record: Progress in Oceanography, v. 54, no. 1-4, p. 149-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00047-2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.25,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.75,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.75,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25,\n              36\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87e9e4b08c986b31670c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, H. F.","contributorId":18002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, M.","contributorId":15340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023946,"text":"70023946 - 2002 - Potential nontarget effects of <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (Deuteromycetes) used for biological control of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T12:21:23","indexId":"70023946","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1536,"text":"Environmental Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential nontarget effects of <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (Deuteromycetes) used for biological control of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The potential for nontarget effects of the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, when used for biological control of ticks, was assessed in laboratory trials. Fungal pathogenicity was studied against convergent ladybird beetles, <i>Hippodamia convergens</i> Guérin-Méneville, house crickets, <i>Acheta domesticus</i> (L.), and the milkweed bugs <i>Oncopeltus fasciatus</i> (Dallas). Fungal spores applied with a spray tower produced significant mortality in <i>H. convergens</i> and <i>A. domesticus</i>, but effects on <i>O. fasciatus</i> were marginal. Placing treated insects with untreated individuals resulted in mortality from horizontal transmission to untreated beetles and crickets, but not milkweed bugs. Spread of fungal infection in the beetles resulted in mortality on days 4–10 after treatment, while in crickets mortality was on day 2 after treatment, suggesting different levels of pathogenicity and possibly different modes of transmission. Therefore, <i>M. anisopliae</i> varies in pathogenicity to different insects. Inundative applications can potentially affect nontarget species, but <i>M. anisopliae</i> is already widely distributed in North America, so applications for tick control generally would not introduce a novel pathogen into the environment. Pathogenicity in lab trials does not, by itself, demonstrate activity under natural conditions, so field trials are needed to confirm these results and to assess methods to minimize nontarget exposure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Entomological Society of America","doi":"10.1603/0046-225X-31.6.1191","issn":"0046225X","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H.S., LeBrun, R., Heyer, K., and Zhioua, E., 2002, Potential nontarget effects of <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (Deuteromycetes) used for biological control of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): Environmental Entomology, v. 31, no. 6, p. 1191-1196, https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-31.6.1191.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1191","endPage":"1196","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":501691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cels_past_depts_facpubs/98","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f4de4b0c8380cd7aa52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. hginsberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":140901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBrun, Roger A.","contributorId":89820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBrun","given":"Roger A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heyer, Klaus","contributorId":28338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heyer","given":"Klaus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhioua, Elyes","contributorId":177231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhioua","given":"Elyes","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024274,"text":"70024274 - 2002 - Harlequin duck population recovery following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Progress, process and constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:05:18","indexId":"70024274","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harlequin duck population recovery following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Progress, process and constraints","docAbstract":"<p>Following the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, we studied the status of recovery of harlequin duck <i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i> populations during 1995 to 1998. We evaluated potential constraints on full recovery, including (1) exposure to residual oil; (2) food limitation; and (3) intrinsic demographic limitations on population growth rates. In this paper, we synthesize the findings from our work and incorporate information from other harlequin duck research and monitoring programs to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the response of this species to the 'Exxon Valdez' spill. We conclude that harlequin duck populations had not fully recovered by 1998. Furthermore, adverse effects continued as many as 9 yr after the oil spill, in contrast to the conventional paradigm that oil spill effects on bird populations are short-lived. These conclusions are based on the findings that (1) elevated cytochrome P450 (CYP1A) induction on oiled areas indicated continued exposure to oil in 1998; (2) adult female winter survival was lower on oiled than unoiled areas during 1995 to 1998; (3) fall population surveys by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game indicated numerical declines in oiled areas during 1995 to 1997; and (4) densities on oiled areas in 1996 and 1997 were lower than expected using models that accounted for effects of habitat attributes. Based on hypothesized links between oil contamination and demography, we suggest that harlequin duck population recovery was constrained primarily by continued oil exposure. Full population recovery will also be delayed by the time necessary for intrinsic population growth to allow return to pre-spill numbers following cessation of residual oil spill effects. Although not all wildlife species were affected by the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill, and some others may have recovered quickly from any effects, harlequin duck life history characteristics and benthic, nearshore feeding habits make them susceptible to both initial and long-term oil spill effects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/meps241271","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Bowman, T.D., Trust, K.A., Ballachey, B.E., Dean, T.A., Jewett, S.C., and O’Clair, C.E., 2002, Harlequin duck population recovery following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Progress, process and constraints: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 241, p. 271-286, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps241271.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps241271","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.21380615234375,\n              60.02095215374802\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.73065185546875,\n              60.02095215374802\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.73065185546875,\n              60.648954953475844\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.21380615234375,\n              60.648954953475844\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.21380615234375,\n              60.02095215374802\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"241","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f76e4b0c8380cd5cde1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trust, Kimberly A.","contributorId":42503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trust","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dean, Thomas A.","contributorId":187562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dean","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jewett, Stephen C.","contributorId":94397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewett","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024247,"text":"70024247 - 2002 - Valley floor climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica, 1986-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024247","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Valley floor climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica, 1986-2000","docAbstract":"Climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, East Antarctica are presented from a network of seven valley floor automatic meteorological stations during the period 1986 to 2000. Mean annual temperatures ranged from -14.8??C to -30.0??C, depending on the site and period of measurement. Mean annual relative humidity is generally highest near the coast. Mean annual wind speed increases with proximity to the polar plateau. Site-to-site variation in mean annual solar flux and PAR is due to exposure of each station and changes over time are likely related to changes in cloudiness. During the nonsummer months, strong katabatic winds are frequent at some sites and infrequent at others, creating large variation in mean annual temperature owing to the warming effect of the winds. Katabatic wind exposure appears to be controlled to a large degree by the presence of colder air in the region that collects at low points and keeps the warm less dense katabatic flow from the ground. The strong influence of katabatic winds makes prediction of relative mean annual temperature based on geographical position (elevation and distance from the coast) alone, not possible. During the summer months, onshore winds dominate and warm as they progress through the valleys creating a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0.992) of increasing potential temperature with distance from the coast (0.09??C km-1). In contrast to mean annual temperature, summer temperature lends itself quite well to model predictions, and is used to construct a statistical model for predicting summer dry valley temperatures at unmonitored sites. Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001JD002045","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Doran, P., McKay, C., Clow, G., Dana, G., Fountain, A.G., Nylen, T., and Lyons, W., 2002, Valley floor climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica, 1986-2000: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 107, no. 24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD002045.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD002045"},{"id":231845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc107e4b08c986b32a41a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doran, P.T.","contributorId":52347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, C.P.","contributorId":41122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, G.D.","contributorId":46112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dana, G.L.","contributorId":31941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dana","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fountain, A. G.","contributorId":29815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nylen, T.","contributorId":44701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nylen","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyons, W.B.","contributorId":71319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024281,"text":"70024281 - 2002 - Landscape patterns as habitat predictors: Building and testing models for cavity-nesting birds in the Uinta Mountains of Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024281","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape patterns as habitat predictors: Building and testing models for cavity-nesting birds in the Uinta Mountains of Utah, USA","docAbstract":"The ability to predict species occurrences quickly is often crucial for managers and conservation biologists with limited time and funds. We used measured associations with landscape patterns to build accurate predictive habitat models that were quickly and easily applied (i.e., required no additional data collection in the field to make predictions). We used classification trees (a nonparametric alternative to discriminant function analysis, logistic regression, and other generalized linear models) to model nesting habitat of red-naped sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus nuchalis), northern flickers (Colaptes auratus), tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), and mountain chickadees (Parus gambeli) in the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah, USA. We then tested the predictive capability of the models with independent data collected in the field the following year. The models built for the northern flicker, red-naped sapsucker, and tree swallow were relatively accurate (84%, 80%, and 75% nests correctly classified, respectively) compared to the models for the mountain chickadee (50% nests correctly classified). All four models were more selective than a null model that predicted habitat based solely on a gross association with aspen forests. We conclude that associations with landscape patterns can be used to build relatively accurate, easy to use, predictive models for some species. Our results stress, however, that both selecting the proper scale at which to assess landscape associations and empirically testing the models derived from those associations are crucial for building useful predictive models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1020219914926","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Lawler, J., and Edwards, T., 2002, Landscape patterns as habitat predictors: Building and testing models for cavity-nesting birds in the Uinta Mountains of Utah, USA: Landscape Ecology, v. 17, no. 3, p. 233-245, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020219914926.","startPage":"233","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020219914926"},{"id":231808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4418e4b0c8380cd66855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawler, J.J.","contributorId":8641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C.","contributorId":72163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024290,"text":"70024290 - 2002 - Use of an extensive radio receiver network to document Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) entrance efficiency at fishways in the Lower Columbia River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024290","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of an extensive radio receiver network to document Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) entrance efficiency at fishways in the Lower Columbia River, USA","docAbstract":"We used an extensive network of more than 170 radio receiving stations to document fine-scale passage efficiency of adult anadromous Pacific lamprey at Bonneville and The Dalles Dams in the lower Columbia River in the northwestern U.S.A. Each spring from 1997 to 2000, we released 197-299 lamprey with surgically implanted radio transmitters. Unique transmitter codes and the date and time of reception at each antenna site were downloaded electronically, and initial processing was conducted to eliminate false positive signals. The resulting large Oracle database was analyzed using an Arc View-based coding protocol. Underwater antennas positioned outside the fishway entrances detected lamprey approaches, and antennas positioned immediately inside the entrances indicated successful entries. Entrance efficiency (the number of lamprey that successfully entered a fishway divided by the number that approached that fishway) was compared for different types of entrances (main entrances versus orifice entrances) and entrance locations (powerhouse versus spillway). Lamprey used orifice-type entrances less frequently than main entrances, and passage success was generally low (< 50%) at all entrances to fishways at Bonneville Dam (the lowest dam in the system). Lamprey activity at the entrances was highest at night, and entrance success was significantly higher at The Dalles Dam (the next dam upstream from Bonneville Dam) than at Bonneville Dam. In 1999 and 2000, construction modifications were made to Bonneville Dam spillway entrances, and water velocity at these entrances was reduced at night. Modifications to increase lamprey attachment at the entrances improved lamprey entrance efficiency, but entrance efficiency during reduced velocity tests was not significantly higher than during control conditions.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1021394521450","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Moser, M., Matter, A., Stuehrenberg, L., and Bjornn, T., 2002, Use of an extensive radio receiver network to document Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) entrance efficiency at fishways in the Lower Columbia River, USA, <i>in</i> Hydrobiologia, v. 483, p. 45-53, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021394521450.","startPage":"45","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207207,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021394521450"},{"id":231958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"483","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbeb6e4b08c986b32973d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moser, M.L.","contributorId":92006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matter, A.L.","contributorId":77324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matter","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuehrenberg, L.C.","contributorId":46722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuehrenberg","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bjornn, T.C.","contributorId":9033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjornn","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024244,"text":"70024244 - 2002 - Assessing state-wide biodiversity in the Florida Gap analysis project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:41:29","indexId":"70024244","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing state-wide biodiversity in the Florida Gap analysis project","docAbstract":"The Florida Gap (FI-Gap) project provides an assessment of the degree to which native animal species and natural communities are or are not represented in existing conservation lands. Those species and communities not adequately represented in areas being managed for native species constitute 'gaps' in the existing network of conservation lands. The United States Geological Survey Gap Analysis Program is a national effort and so, eventually, all 50 states will have completed it. The objective of FI-Gap was to provide broad geographic information on the status of terrestrial vertebrates, butterflies, skippers and ants and their respective habitats to address the loss of biological diversity. To model the distributions and potential habitat of all terrestrial species of mammals, breeding birds, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, skippers and ants in Florida, natural land cover was mapped to the level of dominant or co-dominant plant species. Land cover was classified from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery and auxiliary data such as the national wetlands inventory (NWI), soils maps, aerial imagery, existing land use/land cover maps, and on-the-ground surveys, Wildlife distribution models were produced by identifying suitable habitat for each species within that species' range, Mammalian models also assessed a minimum critical area required for sustainability of the species' population. Wildlife species richness was summarized against land stewardship ranked by an area's mandates for conservation protection. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jema.2002.0551","issn":"03014797","usgsCitation":"Pearlstine, L., Smith, S.E., Brandt, L., Allen, C.R., Kitchens, W., and Stenberg, J., 2002, Assessing state-wide biodiversity in the Florida Gap analysis project: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 66, no. 2, p. 127-144, https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.2002.0551.","startPage":"127","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207136,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.2002.0551"},{"id":231807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede2e4b0c8380cd49a99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearlstine, L.G.","contributorId":56000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S. E.","contributorId":46120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, L.A.","contributorId":67690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stenberg, J.","contributorId":24127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024377,"text":"70024377 - 2002 - Simulations of seismic hazard for the Pacific Northwest of the United States from earthquakes associated with the Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024377","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulations of seismic hazard for the Pacific Northwest of the United States from earthquakes associated with the Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"We investigate the impact of different rupture and attenuation models for the Cascadia subduction zone by simulating seismic hazard models for the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. at 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years. We calculate the sensitivity of hazard (probabilistic ground motions) to the source parameters and the attenuation relations for both intraslab and interface earthquakes and present these in the framework of the standard USGS hazard model that includes crustal earthquakes. Our results indicate that allowing the deep intraslab earthquakes to occur anywhere along the subduction zone increases the peak ground acceleration hazard near Portland, Oregon by about 20%. Alternative attenuation relations for deep earthquakes can result in ground motions that differ by a factor of two. The hazard uncertainty for the plate interface and intraslab earthquakes is analyzed through a Monte-Carlo logic tree approach and indicates a seismic hazard exceeding 1 g (0.2 s spectral acceleration) consistent with the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Maps in western Washington, Oregon, and California and an overall coefficient of variation that ranges from 0.1 to 0.4. Sensitivity studies indicate that the paleoseismic chronology and the magnitude of great plate interface earthquakes contribute significantly to the hazard uncertainty estimates for this region. Paleoseismic data indicate that the mean earthquake recurrence interval for great earthquakes is about 500 years and that it has been 300 years since the last great earthquake. We calculate the probability of such a great earthquake along the Cascadia plate interface to be about 14% when considering a time-dependent model and about 10% when considering a time-independent Poisson model during the next 50-year interval.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-002-8728-5","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M., Cramer, C., and Frankel, A., 2002, Simulations of seismic hazard for the Pacific Northwest of the United States from earthquakes associated with the Cascadia subduction zone: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 159, no. 9, p. 2147-2168, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-002-8728-5.","startPage":"2147","endPage":"2168","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-002-8728-5"},{"id":231923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90cbe4b08c986b319672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, M.D.","contributorId":51319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024243,"text":"70024243 - 2002 - Use of regional climate model output for hydrologic simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024243","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of regional climate model output for hydrologic simulations","docAbstract":"Daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature time series from a regional climate model (RegCM2) configured using the continental United States as a domain and run on a 52-km (approximately) spatial resolution were used as input to a distributed hydrologic model for one rainfall-dominated basin (Alapaha River at Statenville, Georgia) and three snowmelt-dominated basins (Animas River at Durango. Colorado; east fork of the Carson River near Gardnerville, Nevada: and Cle Elum River near Roslyn, Washington). For comparison purposes, spatially averaged daily datasets of precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature were developed from measured data for each basin. These datasets included precipitation and temperature data for all stations (hereafter, All-Sta) located within the area of the RegCM2 output used for each basin, but excluded station data used to calibrate the hydrologic model. Both the RegCM2 output and All-Sta data capture the gross aspects of the seasonal cycles of precipitation and temperature. However, in all four basins, the RegCM2- and All-Sta-based simulations of runoff show little skill on a daily basis [Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) values range from 0.05 to 0.37 for RegCM2 and -0.08 to 0.65 for All-Sta]. When the precipitation and temperature biases are corrected in the RegCM2 output and All-Sta data (Bias-RegCM2 and Bias-All, respectively) the accuracy of the daily runoff simulations improve dramatically for the snowmelt-dominated basins (NS values range from 0.41 to 0.66 for RegCM2 and 0.60 to 0.76 for All-Sta). In the rainfall-dominated basin, runoff simulations based on the Bias-RegCM2 output show no skill (NS value of 0.09) whereas Bias-All simulated runoff improves (NS value improved from - 0.08 to 0.72). These results indicate that measured data at the coarse resolution of the RegCM2 output can be made appropriate for basin-scale modeling through bias correction (essentially a magnitude correction). However, RegCM2 output, even when bias corrected, does not contain the day-to-day variability present in the All-Sta dataset that is necessary for basin-scale modeling. Future work is warranted to identify the causes for systematic biases in RegCM2 simulations, develop methods to remove the biases, and improve RegCM2 simulations of daily variability in local climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0571:UORCMO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., Clark, M., Wilby, R., Gutowski, W., Leavesley, G., Pan, Z., Arritt, R., and Takle, E., 2002, Use of regional climate model output for hydrologic simulations: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 3, no. 5, p. 571-590, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0571:UORCMO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"571","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478655,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0571:uorcmo>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207135,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0571:UORCMO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf6ae4b08c986b329b4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilby, R.L.","contributorId":96043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilby","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J.","contributorId":6623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pan, Z.","contributorId":13006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arritt, R.W.","contributorId":39544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arritt","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Takle, E.S.","contributorId":7033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takle","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70185425,"text":"70185425 - 2002 - Conservation status of the buff-breasted sandpiper: Historic and contemporary distribution and abundance in south America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T08:01:47","indexId":"70185425","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation status of the buff-breasted sandpiper: Historic and contemporary distribution and abundance in south America","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present historic and contemporary information on the distribution and abundance of Buff-breasted Sandpipers (</span><i>Tryngites subruficollis</i><span>) in South America. Historic information was collated from the literature, area ornithologists, and museums, whereas contemporary data were derived from surveys conducted throughout the main wintering range in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil during the austral summers of 1999 and 2001. Variable circular plot sampling was used to estimate population densities. During 1999, the highest concentration of Buff-breasted Sandpipers in Argentina was in southern Bahía Samborombón (General Lavalle District) and areas north of Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon. During 2001, the highest concentrations in Brazil were at Ilha da Torotama and Lagoa do Peixe National Park. During 1999 and 2001, the highest concentrations of Buff-breasted Sandpipers in Uruguay were found along three lagoons (Laguna de Rocha, Laguna de Castillos, and Laguna Garzón) bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Population densities (birds/ha) of Buff-breasted Sandpipers were 0.11 (95% C.I. = 0.04–0.31) in Argentina, 1.62 (0.67–3.93) in Brazil, and 1.08 (0.37–3.18) in Uruguay. High turnover rates at survey sites, due to the formation of large, mobile flocks, contributed to moderately large confidence intervals around our population density estimates. Nevertheless, compared with historic accounts of Buff-breasted Sandpipers, our survey data indicate the population size of this species has declined substantially since the late 1800s and contemporary information suggests the species has continued to decline during the past three decades. Buff-breasted Sandpipers were found almost exclusively in pasturelands and appear to depend heavily upon intensive grazing by livestock, which maintain suitable short grass conditions. We discuss the need for protection of critical areas and proper range management to ensure appropriate habitat remains available for the species, and provide suggestions for future research needs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0044:CSOTBB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., Blanco, D., Dias, R.A., Isacch, J.P., Gill, V., de Almeida, J.B., Delhey, K., Petracci, P.F., Bencke, G.A., and Balbueno, R.A., 2002, Conservation status of the buff-breasted sandpiper: Historic and contemporary distribution and abundance in south America: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 114, no. 1, p. 44-72, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0044:CSOTBB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0044:csotbb]2.0.co;2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South America","volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b91e4b0236b68f828f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":685531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanco, D.E.","contributorId":173932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanco","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dias, Rafael A.","contributorId":189643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dias","given":"Rafael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Isacch, Juan P.","contributorId":189644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Isacch","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gill, Verena A.","contributorId":140658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Verena A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"de Almeida, Juliana Bose","contributorId":189645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Almeida","given":"Juliana","middleInitial":"Bose","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Delhey, Kaspar","contributorId":189646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delhey","given":"Kaspar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Petracci, Pablo F.","contributorId":189647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petracci","given":"Pablo","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bencke, Glayson A.","contributorId":189648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bencke","given":"Glayson","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Balbueno, Rodrigo A.","contributorId":189649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balbueno","given":"Rodrigo","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70024242,"text":"70024242 - 2002 - Variability in form and growth of sediment waves on turbidite channel levees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024242","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in form and growth of sediment waves on turbidite channel levees","docAbstract":"Fine-grained sediment waves have been observed in many modern turbidite systems, generally restricted to the overbank depositional element. Sediment waves developed on six submarine fan systems are compared using high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, sediment core samples (including ODP drilling), multibeam bathymetry, 3D seismic-reflection imaging (including examples of burried features), and direct measurements of turbidity currents that overflow their channels. These submarine fan examples extend over more than three orders of magnitude in physical scale. The presence or absence of sediment waves is not simply a matter of either the size of the turbidite channel-levee systems or the dominant initiation process for the turbidity currents that overflow the channels to form the wave fields. Both sediment-core data and seismic-reflection profiles document the upslope migration of the wave forms, with thicker and coarser beds deposited on the up-current flank of the waves. Some wave fields are orthogonal to channel trend and were initiated by large flows whose direction was controlled by upflow morphology, whereas fields subparallel to channel levees resulted from local spillover. In highly meandering systems, sediment waves may mimic meander planform. Larger sediment waves form on channel-levee systems with thicker overflow of turbidity currents, but available data indicate that sediment waves can be maintaned during conditions of relatively thin overflow. Coarser-grained units in sediment waves are typically laminated and thin-bedded sand as much as several centimetres thick, but sand beds as thick as several tens of centimetres have been documented from both modern and buried systems. Current production of hydrocarbons from sediment-wave deposits suggests that it is important to develop criteria for recognising this overbank element in outcrop exposures and borehole data, where the wavelength of typical waves (several kilometres) generally exceeds outcrop scales and wave heights, which are reduced as a result of consolidation during burial, may be too subtle to recognise. Crown Copyright ?? 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00548-0","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Piper, D., Posamentier, H., Pirmez, C., and Migeon, S., 2002, Variability in form and growth of sediment waves on turbidite channel levees: Marine Geology, v. 192, no. 1-3, p. 23-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00548-0.","startPage":"23","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00548-0"},{"id":231770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"192","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc12ae4b08c986b32a47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.J.W.","contributorId":17351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Posamentier, H.","contributorId":61585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Posamentier","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pirmez, C.","contributorId":17399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pirmez","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Migeon, S.","contributorId":26109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Migeon","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31292,"text":"ofr01181 - 2002 - Methods to achieve accurate projection of regional and global raster databases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T13:55:24","indexId":"ofr01181","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-181","title":"Methods to achieve accurate projection of regional and global raster databases","docAbstract":"<p>Modeling regional and global activities of climatic and human-induced change requires accurate geographic data from which we can develop mathematical and statistical tabulations of attributes and properties of the environment. Many of these models depend on data formatted as raster cells or matrices of pixel values. Recently, it has been demonstrated that regional and global raster datasets are subject to significant error from mathematical projection and that these errors are of such magnitude that model results may be jeopardized (Steinwand, et al., 1995; Yang, et al., 1996; Usery and Seong, 2001; Seong and Usery, 2001). There is a need to develop methods of projection that maintain the accuracy of these datasets to support regional and global analyses and modeling</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01181","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., Seong, J.C., and Steinwand, D., 2002, Methods to achieve accurate projection of regional and global raster databases: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-181, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01181.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0181/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59726,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62ce17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seong, Jeong Chang","contributorId":75979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seong","given":"Jeong","email":"","middleInitial":"Chang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinwand, Dan","contributorId":31438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44308,"text":"ofr97454 - 2002 - Geochemistry of surface and pore water at USGS coring sites in wetlands of South Florida, 1994 and 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T12:17:20.325873","indexId":"ofr97454","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-03T21:50:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-454","title":"Geochemistry of surface and pore water at USGS coring sites in wetlands of South Florida, 1994 and 1995","docAbstract":"In this report, we present preliminary data on surface and pore water geochemistry from 22 sites in south Florida sampled during 1994 and 1995. These results are part of a larger study designed to evaluate the role of biogeochemical processes in sediments in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in the south Florida ecosystem. The data are briefly discussed in regard to regional trends in the concentrations of chemical species, and general diagenetic processes in sediments. These results are part of a larger study designed to evaluate the role of biogeochemical processes in sediments in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in the south Florida ecosystem. These elements play a crucial role in regulating organic sedimentation, nutrient dynamics, redox conditions, and the biogeochemistry of mercury in the threatened wetlands of south Florida.\r\n\r\nPore water samples for chemical analyis were obtained using a piston corer/squeezer designed to avoid compression of the sediment and avoid oxidation and contamination of the pore water samples. Results show distinct regional trends in both surface water and pore water geochemistry. Most chemical species in surface and pore water show peak concentrations in Water Conservation Area 2A, with diminishing concentrations to the south and west into Water Conservation Area 3A, and Everglades National Park. The largest differences observed were for phosphate and sulfide, with concentrations in pore waters in Water Conservation Area 2A up to 500x higher than concentrations observed in freshwater marsh areas of Water Conservation Area 3A and Everglades National Park. Sites near the Hillsboro Canal in Water Conservation Area 2A are heavily contaminated with both phosphorus and sulfur. Pore water profiles for dissolved reactive phosphate suggest that recycling of phosphorus at these contaminated sites occurs primarily in the upper 20 cm of sediment. High levels of sulfide in pore water in Water Conservation Area 2A may inhibit mercury methylation here. At sites in Water Conservation Area 3A south of Alligator Alley, sulfide levels are much lower and sulfate reduction in the sediments here may be conducive to methyl mercury formation. Concentration versus depth profiles of biogeochemically important chemical species in pore water at most sites are smoth curves amenable to modelling using standard diagenetic equations. This should allow prediction of rates of biogeochemical processes in these sediments for incorporation in ecosystem models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97454","usgsCitation":"Orem, W.H., Lerch, H.E., and Rawlik, P., 2002, Geochemistry of surface and pore water at USGS coring sites in wetlands of South Florida, 1994 and 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-454, ii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97454.","productDescription":"ii, 55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0454/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":3723,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0454/ofr97454.pdf","text":"Report","size":"62.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-454"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.4853515625,\n              24.806681353851964\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.453125,\n              24.806681353851964\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.453125,\n              27.0982539061379\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.4853515625,\n              27.0982539061379\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.4853515625,\n              24.806681353851964\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db5464bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lerch, Harry E. tlerch@usgs.gov","contributorId":600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"Harry","email":"tlerch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":229524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rawlik, Peter","contributorId":12543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawlik","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50655,"text":"ofr02242 - 2002 - Preliminary code, input, and output for the Deep Percolation and Irrigation Requirement Model (DPIRM) for simulating rates of ground-water recharge and pumpage for irrigation in part of the Republican River Basin, Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:25","indexId":"ofr02242","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-242","title":"Preliminary code, input, and output for the Deep Percolation and Irrigation Requirement Model (DPIRM) for simulating rates of ground-water recharge and pumpage for irrigation in part of the Republican River Basin, Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02242","usgsCitation":"Landon, M.K., and Cornwall, J., 2002, Preliminary code, input, and output for the Deep Percolation and Irrigation Requirement Model (DPIRM) for simulating rates of ground-water recharge and pumpage for irrigation in part of the Republican River Basin, Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-242, digital format only, available upon request from Nebraska District office, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02242.","productDescription":"digital format only, available upon request from Nebraska District office","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c71a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornwall, J.F.","contributorId":80961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50657,"text":"ofr02251 - 2002 - Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Comayagua, Hondura","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-18T14:56:58.174975","indexId":"ofr02251","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-251","title":"Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Comayagua, Hondura","docAbstract":"After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Comayagua that would be inundated by 50-year floods on Rio Humuya and Rio Majada. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Comayagua as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report.\r\n\r\nWater-surface elevations for 50-year-floods on Rio Humuya and Rio Majada at Comayagua were estimated using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area.\r\n\r\nThe 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Humuya at Comayagua, 1,400 cubic meters per second, was estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The reasonableness of the regression discharge was evaluated by comparing it with drainage-area-adjusted 50-year-flood discharges estimated for three long-term Rio Humuya stream-gaging stations. The drainage-area-adjusted 50-year-flood discharges estimated from the gage records ranged from 946 to 1,365 cubic meters per second. Because the regression equation discharge agrees closely with the high end of the range of discharges estimated from the gaging-station records, it was used for the hydraulic modeling to ensure that the resulting 50-year-flood water-surface elevations would not be underestimated.\r\n\r\nThe 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Majada at Comayagua (230 cubic meters per second) was estimated using the regression equation because there are no long-term gaging-stations on this river from which to estimate the discharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02251","usgsCitation":"Kresch, D.L., Mastin, M.C., and Olsen, T.D., 2002, Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Comayagua, Hondura: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-251, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02251.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02251/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":170182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Hondura","city":"Comayagua","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.43251127996213,\n              16.43006388749069\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.43251127996213,\n              12.876909617568344\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7967072779427,\n              12.876909617568344\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7967072779427,\n              16.43006388749069\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.43251127996213,\n              16.43006388749069\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f489a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kresch, David L.","contributorId":46084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastin, Mark C. 0000-0003-4018-7861 mcmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-7861","contributorId":1652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","email":"mcmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, T. D.","contributorId":41463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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