There has been a great deal of attention paid recently to the idea of data sharing (Van Noorden 2014, Beardsley 2015, Nature Publishing Group2015, www.copdess.com). However, the vast majority of these arguments are in agreement and present as fait accompli the idea that data are a public good and that therefore, once published, they should become open access. In fact, although there are many good reasons for data sharing, there also are a number of cogent and coherent cases to be made against open-access policies (e.g., Fenichel and Skelly 2015). The goal of this piece is not to debate the relevance or accuracy of the points made in favor of data sharing but to elevate the discussion by pointing out key problems with open-access policies and to identify central issues that, if solved, will enhance the utility of data sharing to science and society.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biv131","usgsCitation":"Katzner, T., 2015, Do open access data policies inhibit innovation?: BioScience, v. 65, no. 11, p. 1037-1038, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv131.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1038","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066607","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv131","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c45e4b0ebfbef0d3142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":5979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157464,"text":"70157464 - 2015 - Accuracy or precision: Implications of sample design and methodology on abundance estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-24T11:52:43","indexId":"70157464","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-24T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy or precision: Implications of sample design and methodology on abundance estimation","docAbstract":"Sampling by spatially replicated counts (point-count) is an increasingly popular method of estimating population size of organisms. Challenges exist when sampling by point-count method, and it is often impractical to sample entire area of interest and impossible to detect every individual present. Ecologists encounter logistical limitations that force them to sample either few large-sample units or many small sample-units, introducing biases to sample counts. We generated a computer environment and simulated sampling scenarios to test the role of number of samples, sample unit area, number of organisms, and distribution of organisms in the estimation of population sizes using N-mixture models. Many sample units of small area provided estimates that were consistently closer to true abundance than sample scenarios with few sample units of large area. However, sample scenarios with few sample units of large area provided more precise abundance estimates than abundance estimates derived from sample scenarios with many sample units of small area. It is important to consider accuracy and precision of abundance estimates during the sample design process with study goals and objectives fully recognized, although and with consequence, consideration of accuracy and precision of abundance estimates is often an afterthought that occurs during the data analysis process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.08.016","usgsCitation":"Kowalewski, L.K., Chizinski, C.J., Powell, L., Pope, K.L., and Pegg, M.A., 2015, Accuracy or precision: Implications of sample design and methodology on abundance estimation: Ecological Modelling, v. 316, p. 185-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.08.016.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064775","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"316","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560510c7e4b058f706e51299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kowalewski, Lucas K.","contributorId":147928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kowalewski","given":"Lucas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chizinski, Christopher J.","contributorId":7178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chizinski","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Larkin A.","contributorId":15100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Larkin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pegg, Mark A.","contributorId":45212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pegg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70158904,"text":"70158904 - 2015 - Role of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in nitrogen removal from a freshwater aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:58:58","indexId":"70158904","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-24T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in nitrogen removal from a freshwater aquifer","docAbstract":"Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) couples the oxidation of ammonium with the reduction of nitrite, producing N2. The presence and activity of anammox bacteria in groundwater were investigated at multiple locations in an aquifer variably affected by a large, wastewater-derived contaminant plume. Anammox bacteria were detected at all locations tested using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantification of hydrazine oxidoreductase (hzo) gene transcripts. Anammox and denitrification activities were quantified by in situ 15NO2–tracer tests along anoxic flow paths in areas of varying ammonium, nitrate, and organic carbon abundances. Rates of denitrification and anammox were determined by quantifying changes in 28N2, 29N2, 30N2, 15NO3–, 15NO2–, and 15NH4+ with groundwater travel time. Anammox was present and active in all areas tested, including where ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations were low, but decreased in proportion to denitrification when acetate was added to increase available electron supply. Anammox contributed 39–90% of potential N2 production in this aquifer, with rates on the order of 10 nmol N2–N L–1 day–1. Although rates of both anammox and denitrification during the tracer tests were low, they were sufficient to reduce inorganic nitrogen concentrations substantially during the overall groundwater residence times in the aquifer. These results demonstrate that anammox activity in groundwater can rival that of denitrification and may need to be considered when assessing nitrogen mass transport and permanent loss of fixed nitrogen in aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b02488","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Bohlke, J.K., Song, B., and C. Tobias, 2015, Role of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in nitrogen removal from a freshwater aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 20, p. 12169-12177, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02488.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"12169","endPage":"12177","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068154","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5616425be4b0ba4884c614b8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b02488","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02488","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Smith Richard L., Böhlke J. K., Song Bongkeun, Tobias Craig R.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"10/20/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Song, B.","contributorId":149068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Song","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6708,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"C. Tobias","contributorId":149069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"C. Tobias","affiliations":[{"id":6619,"text":"University of Connecticutt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157440,"text":"70157440 - 2015 - Aleutian basin oceanic crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T06:42:46","indexId":"70157440","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-24T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aleutian basin oceanic crust","docAbstract":"We present two-dimensional P-wave velocity structure along two wide-angle ocean bottom seismometer profiles from the Aleutian basin in the Bering Sea. The basement here is commonly considered to be trapped oceanic crust, yet there is a change in orientation of magnetic lineations and gravity features within the basin that might reflect later processes. Line 1 extends ∼225 km from southwest to northeast, while Line 2 extends ∼225 km from northwest to southeast and crosses the observed change in magnetic lineation orientation. Velocities of the sediment layer increase from 2.0 km/s at the seafloor to 3.0–3.4 km/s just above basement, crustal velocities increase from 5.1–5.6 km/s at the top of basement to 7.0–7.1 km/s at the base of the crust, and upper mantle velocities are 8.1–8.2 km/s. Average sediment thickness is 3.8–3.9 km for both profiles. Crustal thickness varies from 6.2 to 9.6 km, with average thickness of 7.2 km on Line 1 and 8.8 km on Line 2. There is no clear change in crustal structure associated with a change in orientation of magnetic lineations and gravity features. The velocity structure is consistent with that of normal or thickened oceanic crust. The observed increase in crustal thickness from west to east is interpreted as reflecting an increase in melt supply during crustal formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.040","usgsCitation":"Christeson, G.L., and Barth, G., 2015, Aleutian basin oceanic crust: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 426, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.040.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064660","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.040","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian basin, Bering Sea","volume":"426","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560510cae4b058f706e5129b","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.040","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.040","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Christeson G.L., Barth G.A.","journalName":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","publicationDate":"9/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christeson, Gail L.","contributorId":147203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christeson","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barth, Ginger A. gbarth@usgs.gov","contributorId":3595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"Ginger A.","email":"gbarth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159641,"text":"70159641 - 2015 - Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:03:29","indexId":"70159641","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-24T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1250,"text":"Climate of the Past","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes","docAbstract":"Arctic land-cover changes induced by recent global climate change (e.g., expansion of woody vegetation into tundra and effects of permafrost degradation) are expected to generate further feedbacks to the climate system. Past changes can be used to assess our understanding of feedback mechanisms through a combination of process modeling and paleo-observations. The subcontinental region of Beringia (northeastern Siberia, Alaska, and northwestern Canada) was largely ice-free at the peak of deglacial warming and experienced both major vegetation change and loss of permafrost when many arctic regions were still ice covered. The evolution of Beringian climate at this time was largely driven by global features, such as the amplified seasonal cycle of Northern Hemisphere insolation and changes in global ice volume and atmospheric composition, but changes in regional land-surface controls, such as the widespread development of thaw lakes, the replacement of tundra by deciduous forest or woodland, and the flooding of the Bering–Chukchi land bridge, were probably also important. We examined the sensitivity of Beringia's early Holocene climate to these regional-scale controls using a regional climate model (RegCM). Lateral and oceanic boundary conditions were provided by global climate simulations conducted using the GENESIS V2.01 atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with a mixed-layer ocean. We carried out two present-day simulations of regional climate – one with modern and one with 11 ka geography – plus another simulation for 6 ka. In addition, we performed five ~ 11 ka climate simulations, each driven by the same global AGCM boundary conditions: (i) 11 ka Control, which represents conditions just prior to the major transitions (exposed land bridge, no thaw lakes or wetlands, widespread tundra vegetation), (ii) sea-level rise, which employed present-day continental outlines, (iii) vegetation change, with deciduous needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf boreal vegetation types distributed as suggested by the paleoecological record, (iv) thaw lakes, which used the present-day distribution of lakes and wetlands, and (v) post-11 ka All, incorporating all boundary conditions changed in experiments (ii)–(iv). We find that regional-scale controls strongly mediate the climate responses to changes in the large-scale controls, amplifying them in some cases, damping them in others, and, overall, generating considerable spatial heterogeneity in the simulated climate changes. The change from tundra to deciduous woodland produces additional widespread warming in spring and early summer over that induced by the 11 ka insolation regime alone, and lakes and wetlands produce modest and localized cooling in summer and warming in winter. The greatest effect is the flooding of the land bridge and shelves, which produces generally cooler conditions in summer but warmer conditions in winter and is most clearly manifest on the flooded shelves and in eastern Beringia. By 6 ka continued amplification of the seasonal cycle of insolation and loss of the Laurentide ice sheet produce temperatures similar to or higher than those at 11 ka, plus a longer growing season.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015","usgsCitation":"Bartlein, P., Edwards, M.E., Hostetler, S.W., Shafer, S., Anderson, P.M., Brubaker, L.B., and Lozhkin, A., 2015, Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes: Climate of the Past, v. 11, no. 9, p. 1197-1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1197","endPage":"1222","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062524","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beringia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -208.65234374999997,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -208.65234374999997,\n 76.31035754301745\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 76.31035754301745\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -208.65234374999997,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c45e4b0ebfbef0d3144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, M. E.","contributorId":29977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah 0000-0003-3739-2637 sshafer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-2637","contributorId":149866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah","email":"sshafer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, P. M.","contributorId":71722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brubaker, L. B","contributorId":149867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brubaker","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":17844,"text":"University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lozhkin, A. V","contributorId":149868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lozhkin","given":"A. V","affiliations":[{"id":17845,"text":"North East Interdisciplinary Research Inst, Far East Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70164518,"text":"70164518 - 2015 - Aurora painting pays tribute to Civil War's end","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T14:11:09","indexId":"70164518","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aurora painting pays tribute to Civil War's end","docAbstract":"This year marks the sesquicentennial anniversary of the end of the American Civil War, a conflict that Abraham Lincoln called a “mighty scourge.” It was one of the most poignant periods in U.S. history, laying bare political, economic, social, and moral divergence between Northern and Southern states. The cause of the divergence that led to war was slavery [e.g., McPherson, 1988, chap. 3]—an institution that, by the 19th century, had been effectively abolished in the North but remained firmly entrenched in the South.
\nWar erupted in 1861 after a confederacy of Southern states declared secession from the Union of the United States. When the war finally ended in 1865, the Union had prevailed, and afterward, slavery was abolished throughout the United States. This outcome was obtained at the cost of 750,000 American lives and substantial destruction, especially in the South [e.g., Gugliotta, 2012].
\nIn 1865, the same year the war ended, the American landscape artist Frederic Edwin Church unveiledAurora Borealis (pictured above), a dramatic and mysterious painting that can be interpreted in terms of 19th century romanticism, scientific philosophy, and Arctic missions of exploration. Aurora Borealiscan also be viewed as a restrained tribute to the end of the Civil War—a moving example of how science and current events served as the muses of late romantic artists [e.g., Carr, 1994, p. 277; Avery, 2011; Harvey, 2012].
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2015, Aurora painting pays tribute to Civil War's end: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, HTML document.","productDescription":"HTML document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065551","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://eos.org/features/aurora-painting-pays-tribute-to-civil-wars-end","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bb1bbbe4b08d617f654dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159964,"text":"70159964 - 2015 - A new isotopic reference material for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope-ratio measurements of water—USGS50 Lake Kyoga Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T14:01:06","indexId":"70159964","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new isotopic reference material for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope-ratio measurements of water—USGS50 Lake Kyoga Water","docAbstract":"As a result of the need for isotopic reference waters having high δ2HVSMOW-SLAP and δ18OVSMOW-SLAP values for daily use, especially for tropical and equatorial-zone freshwaters, a new secondary isotopic reference material for international distribution was prepared from water collected from Lake Kyoga, Uganda.
\nThis isotopic reference lakewater was filtered through a membrane with 0.2-µm pore size, homogenized, loaded into glass ampoules that were sealed with a torch and autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and measured by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This reference material is available in a case of 144 glass ampoules each containing 5 mL of water.
\nThe δ2H and δ18O values of this reference material are +32.8 ± 0.4 and +4.95 ± 0.02 mUr (milliurey = 0.001 = 1 ‰), respectively, relative to VSMOW, on scales normalized such that the δ2H and δ18O values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, −428 and −55.5 mUr. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U = 2uc) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95 % probability of encompassing the true value.
\nThis isotopic reference material, designated as USGS50, is intended as one of two reference waters for daily normalization of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis of water with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer, of use especially for isotope-hydrology laboratories analyzing freshwater samples from equatorial and tropical regions.
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Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenaar, Leonard I","contributorId":150277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wassenaar","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":17954,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mukwaya, Christine","contributorId":150278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mukwaya","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17955,"text":"Ministry of Water and Environment, Directorate of Water Resources Management, Entebbe, Uganda","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorenz, Jennifer M. 0000-0002-5826-7264 jlorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-7264","contributorId":3558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156784,"text":"ofr20151166 - 2015 - Whooping crane stopover site use intensity within the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:51:18","indexId":"ofr20151166","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-23T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1166","title":"Whooping crane stopover site use intensity within the Great Plains","docAbstract":"Whooping cranes (Grus americana) of the Aransas-Wood Buffalo population migrate twice each year through the Great Plains in North America. Recovery activities for this endangered species include providing adequate places to stop and rest during migration, which are generally referred to as stopover sites. To assist in recovery efforts, initial estimates of stopover site use intensity are presented, which provide opportunity to identify areas across the migration range used more intensively by whooping cranes. We used location data acquired from 58 unique individuals fitted with platform transmitting terminals that collected global position system locations. Radio-tagged birds provided 2,158 stopover sites over 10 migrations and 5 years (2010–14). Using a grid-based approach, we identified 1,095 20-square-kilometer grid cells that contained stopover sites. We categorized occupied grid cells based on density of stopover sites and the amount of time cranes spent in the area. This assessment resulted in four categories of stopover site use: unoccupied, low intensity, core intensity, and extended-use core intensity. Although provisional, this evaluation of stopover site use intensity offers the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and partners a tool to identify landscapes that may be of greater conservation significance to migrating whooping cranes. Initially, the tool will be used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other interested parties in evaluating the Great Plains Wind Energy Habitat Conservation Plan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151166","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the Canadian Wildlife Service, Crane Trust, Platte River Recovery Implementation Program, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A.T., Brandt, D.A., Harrell, W.C., Metzger, K.L., Baasch, D.M., and Hefley, T.J., 2015, Whooping crane stopover site use intensity within the Great Plains: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1166, 12 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151166.","productDescription":"v, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-066665","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310152,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/56253ce5e4b0fb9a11dd3d2b"},{"id":308397,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1166/ofr2015-1166.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.48 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1166"},{"id":308396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1166/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, Iowa, Kansas, Manitoba, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Northwest Territories, Oklahoma, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 61.4597705702975\n ],\n [\n -119.15771484375,\n 61.44927080076419\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 58.263287052486035\n ],\n [\n -114.521484375,\n 55.19141243527063\n ],\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -98.997802734375,\n 26.49024045886963\n ],\n [\n -95.6689453125,\n 28.57487404744697\n ],\n [\n -94.9658203125,\n 29.248063243796576\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -94.41650390625,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -93.33984375,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -99.31640625,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -101.0302734375,\n 52.24125614966341\n ],\n [\n -105.22705078125,\n 56.30434864830834\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 61.4597705702975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, North Dakota 58401
http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/
The ecologically destructive yellow crazy ant (YCA; Anoplolepis gracilipes) was first detected on Johnston Atoll in January 2010. Within eight months, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service had mobilized its first crazy ant strike team (CAST), a group of biologists dedicated to testing and identifying insecticidal baits to be used to eradicate the ant on the atoll. During December 2014‒May 2015 CAST IX focused on testing hydrogel crystals saturated with sucrose solution (25%) carrying the insecticides thiamethoxam and dinotefuran against YCA. A series of experiments, including artificial nest box trials, and field-based palatability trials and eradication tests on small (500 m2 or 0.05 ha) and large plots (2500 m2 or 0.25 ha), were conducted to test concentrations of thiamethoxam ranging from 0.0005% to 0.01%, and dinotefuran at 0.05%. Additionally, the cat food-based matrix containing dinotefuran (0.05%), the standard bait used to suppress YCA on Johnston since 2011, and textured vegetable protein (TVP) carrying dinotefuran at 0.1% and 0.05% were included in large plot tests. Nest box trials were inconclusive due to a consistent loss of queen and worker ants in control boxes, so they were discontinued. Palatability trials suggested higher dosages of thiamethoxam (0.005 and 0.01%) were less attractive than lower dosages (0.0005 and 0.001%) and controls (sucrose only), but small and large plot experiments failed to identify a thiamethoxam concentration that was consistently effective at killing YCA. In contrast, hydrogel containing dinotefuran was consistently effective, killing >95% of YCA on small and large plots. As expected, the cat food bait effectively reduced YCA abundances, but was slightly less effective than hydrogel containing dinotefuran over time. Three successive, approximately weekly treatments of large plots with hydrogel bait, or other baits followed by hydrogel bait, suggest an increasing overall effectiveness, with no aversion of YCA to the bait. This finding is important in that it indicates that hydrogel bait can be applied at short time intervals, potentially resulting in relatively constant exposure of YCA to highly attractive, yet toxic, sucrose-based bait. TVP performed similar to hydrogel, reducing YCA abundance >92% at both concentrations tested. Finally, dosages of hydrogel containing dinotefuran at 6, 12 and 24 l/0.25 ha were all effective at reducing YCA on large plots. Overall, results from these experiments suggest that hydrogel containing dinotefuran (0.05%) is a promising tool for eradicating YCA on Johnston Atoll.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., Peck, R.W., Donmoyer, K., Kropidlowski, S., and Pollock, A., 2015, Efforts to eradicate yellow crazy ants on Johnston Atoll: Results from Crazy Ant Strike Team IX, December 2014-June 2015: Technical Report HCSU-067, Report: iv, 20 p.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070280","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad4be4b05e859bdfb915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Robert W.","contributorId":45629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donmoyer, Kevin L.","contributorId":150242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donmoyer","given":"Kevin","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17944,"text":"University of Hawaii, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kropidlowski, Stephan","contributorId":150243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kropidlowski","given":"Stephan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17945,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Refuge and Monuments","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollock, Amanda","contributorId":150244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17945,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Refuge and Monuments","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173445,"text":"70173445 - 2015 - Effects of land use on lake nutrients: The importance of scale, hydrologic connectivity, and region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T13:14:12","indexId":"70173445","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-23T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of land use on lake nutrients: The importance of scale, hydrologic connectivity, and region","docAbstract":"Catchment land uses, particularly agriculture and urban uses, have long been recognized as major drivers of nutrient concentrations in surface waters. However, few simple models have been developed that relate the amount of catchment land use to downstream freshwater nutrients. Nor are existing models applicable to large numbers of freshwaters across broad spatial extents such as regions or continents. This research aims to increase model performance by exploring three factors that affect the relationship between land use and downstream nutrients in freshwater: the spatial extent for measuring land use, hydrologic connectivity, and the regional differences in both the amount of nutrients and effects of land use on them. We quantified the effects of these three factors that relate land use to lake total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) in 346 north temperate lakes in 7 regions in Michigan, USA. We used a linear mixed modeling framework to examine the importance of spatial extent, lake hydrologic class, and region on models with individual lake nutrients as the response variable, and individual land use types as the predictor variables. Our modeling approach was chosen to avoid problems of multi-collinearity among predictor variables and a lack of independence of lakes within regions, both of which are common problems in broad-scale analyses of freshwaters. We found that all three factors influence land use-lake nutrient relationships. The strongest evidence was for the effect of lake hydrologic connectivity, followed by region, and finally, the spatial extent of land use measurements. Incorporating these three factors into relatively simple models of land use effects on lake nutrients should help to improve predictions and understanding of land use-lake nutrient interactions at broad scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0135454","usgsCitation":"Soranno, P.A., Cheruvelil, K.S., Wagner, T., Webster, K.E., and Bremigan, M.T., 2015, Effects of land use on lake nutrients: The importance of scale, hydrologic connectivity, and region: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 8, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135454.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061088","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135454","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) development is one emerging stressor that spans the U.S. UOG development could alter stream sedimentation, riparian extent and composition, in-stream flow, and water quality. We developed indices to describe the watershed sensitivity and exposure to natural and anthropogenic disturbances and computed a vulnerability index from these two scores across stream catchments in six productive shale plays. We predicted that catchment vulnerability scores would vary across plays due to climatic, geologic and anthropogenic differences. Across-shale averages supported this prediction revealing differences in catchment sensitivity, exposure, and vulnerability scores that resulted from different natural and anthropogenic environmental conditions. For example, semi-arid Western shale play catchments (Mowry, Hilliard, and Bakken) tended to be more sensitive to stressors due to low annual average precipitation and extensive grassland. Catchments in the Barnett and Marcellus-Utica were naturally sensitive from more erosive soils and steeper catchment slopes, but these catchments also experienced areas with greater UOG densities and urbanization. Our analysis suggested Fayetteville and Barnett catchments were vulnerable due to existing anthropogenic exposure. However, all shale plays had catchments that spanned a wide vulnerability gradient. Our results identify vulnerable catchments that can help prioritize stream protection and monitoring efforts. Resource managers can also use these findings to guide local development activities to help reduce possible environmental effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0137416","usgsCitation":"Entrekin, S., Maloney, K.O., Kapo, K.E., Walters, A.W., Evans-White, M.A., and Klemow, K.M., 2015, Stream vulnerability to widespread and emergent stressors: a focus on unconventional oil and gas: PLoS ONE, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137416.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063366","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137416","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560d07bbe4b058f706e54316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Entrekin, Sally","contributorId":147949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Entrekin","given":"Sally","affiliations":[{"id":16964,"text":"University of Central Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kapo, Katherine E.","contributorId":147950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapo","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16965,"text":"Waterborne Environmental Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans-White, Michelle A.","contributorId":39635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans-White","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klemow, Kenneth M.","contributorId":50238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemow","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159383,"text":"70159383 - 2015 - Monitoring ground-surface heating during expansion of the Casa Diablo production well field at Mammoth Lakes, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-02T16:52:29","indexId":"70159383","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring ground-surface heating during expansion of the Casa Diablo production well field at Mammoth Lakes, California","docAbstract":"The Long Valley hydrothermal system supports geothermal power production from 3 binary plants (Casa Diablo) near the town of Mammoth Lakes, California. Development and growth of thermal ground at sites west of Casa Diablo have created concerns over planned expansion of a new well field and the associated increases in geothermal fluid production. To ensure that all areas of ground heating are identified prior to new geothermal development, we obtained high-resolution aerial thermal infrared imagery across the region. The imagery covers the existing and proposed well fields and part of the town of Mammoth Lakes. Imagery results from a predawn flight on Oct. 9, 2014 readily identified the Shady Rest thermal area (SRST), one of two large areas of ground heating west of Casa Diablo, as well as other known thermal areas smaller in size. Maximum surface temperatures at 3 thermal areas were 26–28 °C. Numerous small areas with ground temperatures >16 °C were also identified and slated for field investigations in summer 2015. Some thermal anomalies in the town of Mammoth Lakes clearly reflect human activity.Previously established projects to monitor impacts from geothermal power production include yearly surveys of soil temperatures and diffuse CO2 emissions at SRST, and less regular surveys to collect samples from fumaroles and gas vents across the region. Soil temperatures at 20 cm depth at SRST are well correlated with diffuse CO2 flux, and both parameters show little variation during the 2011–14 field surveys. Maximum temperatures were between 55–67 °C and associated CO2 discharge was around 12–18 tonnes per day. The carbon isotope composition of CO2 is fairly uniform across the area ranging between –3.7 to –4.4 ‰. The gas composition of the Shady Rest fumarole however has varied with time, and H2S concentrations in the gas have been increasing since 2009.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","conferenceTitle":"GRC Annual Meeting & GEA Geothermal Energy Expo","conferenceDate":"Sep 20-23rd, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Vaughan, R., Evans, W.C., and Olsen, E., 2015, Monitoring ground-surface heating during expansion of the Casa Diablo production well field at Mammoth Lakes, California, in Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 39, Reno, NV, Sep 20-23rd, 2015, p. 1007-1013.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1013","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064976","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310625,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1032246"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Casa Diablo Production Well Field, Mammoth Lakes, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.01214599609376,\n 37.55002139332707\n ],\n [\n -119.01214599609376,\n 37.71207219310847\n ],\n [\n -118.68804931640625,\n 37.71207219310847\n ],\n [\n -118.68804931640625,\n 37.55002139332707\n ],\n [\n -119.01214599609376,\n 37.55002139332707\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56389759e4b0d6133fe72fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D. dbergfel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaughan, R. 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To efficiently share data, it is important that different data providers follow a common format. The Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) provides one such format for storing seismic and other geophysical data. The SEED format is widely used in earthquake seismology; however, SEED and its structure can be difficult for many first-time users (ourselves included). Below is a quick tutorial that outlines the basic structure of SEED format. This write-up is in no way intended to replace the comprehensive SEED manual (Ahern et al., 2009), and instead of going into the details of any specific part of the SEED format we refer the reader to the manual for additional details. The goal of this write-up is to succinctly explain the basic structure of SEED format as well as the associated jargon, as most commonly used now, in a colloquial way so that novice users of SEED can become more familiar with the format and its application quickly. Our goal is to give the reader the necessary background so that when problems or questions about SEED format arise they will have some understanding of where they should look for more details or from where the problem might be stemming. As a secondary goal, we hope to help the reader become familiar with the SEED manual (Ahern et al., 2009), which contains detailed information about all aspects of the SEED format.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150043","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., and Evans, J.R., 2015, A quick SEED tutorial: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 6, p. 1717-1725, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150043.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1717","endPage":"1725","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067142","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930bce4b0da412f4fb527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155177,"text":"pp1817 - 2015 - Groundwater availability of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T14:33:33.472522","indexId":"pp1817","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-22T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1817","title":"Groundwater availability of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","docAbstract":"The Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System (CPRAS) covers about 44,000 square miles of southeastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and western Idaho. The area supports a $6-billion per year agricultural industry, leading the Nation in production of apples, hops, and eight other commodities. Groundwater pumpage and surface-water diversions supply water to croplands that account for about 5 percent of the Nation’s irrigated lands. Groundwater also is the primary source of drinking water for the more than 1.3 million people in the study area. Increasing competitive demands for water for municipal, fisheries/ecosystems, agricultural, domestic, hydropower, and recreational uses must be met by additional groundwater withdrawals and (or) by changes in the way water resources are allocated and used throughout the hydrologic system. As of 2014, most surface-water resources in the study area were either over allocated or fully appropriated, especially during the dry summer season. In response to continued competition for water, numerous water-management activities and concerns have gained prominence: water conservation, conjunctive use, artificial recharge, hydrologic implications of land-use change, pumpage effects on streamflow, and effects of climate variability and change. An integrated understanding of the hydrologic system is important in order to implement effective water-resource management strategies that address these concerns.
\nTo provide information to stakeholders involved in water-management activities, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program assessed the groundwater availability as part of a national study of regional systems (U.S. Geological Survey, 2008). The CPRAS assessment includes:
\nThis effort builds on previous investigations, especially the USGS Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer-System Analysis study (CP-RASA). A major product of this new assessment is a numerical groundwater-flow model of the system. The model was used to estimate water-budget components of the hydrogeologic units composing the groundwater system, and to evaluate groundwater availability under existing land- and water-use conditions and a possible future climate scenario representing an increase in pumpage demand due to a warming climate. Information from this study also allowed for analysis of:
\nThe model also is a useful tool for investigating water supply, water demand, management strategies, groundwater-surface water exchanges, and potential effects of changing climate on the hydrologic system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1817","isbn":"978-1-4113-3928-6","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., Kahle, S.C., Ely, D.M., Burns, E.R., Snyder, D.T., Haynes, J.V., Olsen, T.D., Welch, W.B., and Morgan, D.S., 2015, Groundwater availability of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1817, 87 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1817.","productDescription":"xi, 87 p.","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055330","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415710,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N015G7","text":"Data Release: MODFLOW-NWT model used to evaluate the groundwater availability of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho"},{"id":308248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20153063","text":"Fact Sheet 2015-3063"},{"id":308247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1817/pp1817.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1817 PDF"},{"id":308246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1817/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1240234375,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -122.1240234375,\n 48.03401915864286\n ],\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 48.03401915864286\n ],\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -122.1240234375,\n 43.929549935614595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
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Project web page at:http://wa.water.usgs.gov/projects/cpgw/
","tableOfContents":"Organic waste compounds (OWCs) are ingredients and by-products of common agricultural, industrial, and household substances that can contaminate our streams through sources like urban runoff, sewage overflows, and leaking septic systems. To better understand how OWCs are affecting Milwaukee-area streams, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District, conducted a three-year study to investigate the presence and potential toxicity of 69 OWCs in base flow, stormflow, pore water, and sediment at 14 stream sites and 3 Milwaukee harbor locations. This fact sheet summarizes the major findings of this study, including detection frequencies and concentrations, potential toxicity, the prevalence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the influence of urbanization.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, A.K., Corsi, S.R., Magruder, Christopher, Magruder, Matthew, and Bruce, J.L., 2015, Organic waste compounds as contaminants in Milwaukee-area streams: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3056, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153056.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066459","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3056/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308381,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3056/fs20153056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.53","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3056"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Milwaukee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.09112548828125,\n 42.85180609584705\n ],\n [\n -88.09112548828125,\n 43.22319117678931\n ],\n [\n -87.77801513671875,\n 43.22319117678931\n ],\n [\n -87.77801513671875,\n 42.85180609584705\n ],\n [\n -88.09112548828125,\n 42.85180609584705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wisconsin Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, Wisconsin 53562–3586
http://wi.water.usgs.gov
The Columbia Plateau is a wide basalt plateau between the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains that covers parts of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The climate over much of the Columbia Plateau is semiarid with precipitation ranging from 7 to 15 in/yr in the central part (Vaccaro and others, 2015), yet the area supports a $6 billion per year agricultural industry, including the production of apples, corn, grapes, hops, mint, potatoes, stone fruit, and wheat. Groundwater pumpage and surface-water diversions supply water to irrigated croplands that account for about 5 percent of the Nation’s irrigated lands. Groundwater also is the primary source of drinking water for about 1.3 million people living on the plateau.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153063","usgsCitation":"Kahle, S.C., and Vaccaro, J.J., 2015, Groundwater resources of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3063, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153063.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068258","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308249,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1817","text":"Professional Paper 1817"},{"id":308233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3063/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308234,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3063/pdf/fs20153063.pdf","text":"Fact Sheet","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3063 PDF"},{"id":308235,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3063/","text":"Fact Sheet HTML","description":"HTML version of FS 2015-3063"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Plateau ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.453857421875,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -121.453857421875,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -121.453857421875,\n 45.166547157856016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S.Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov/
Project web page at: http://wa.water.usgs.gov/projects/cpgw/
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-09-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56026db9e4b03bc34f5447d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kahle, Sue C. 0000-0003-1262-4446 sckahle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4446","contributorId":3096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"Sue","email":"sckahle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaccaro, John J. jvaccaro@usgs.gov","contributorId":5848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"John","email":"jvaccaro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155994,"text":"sir20155114 - 2015 - Lead scrap use and trade patterns in the United States,Since 1995, domestic production of lead has increasingly shifted from primary mining and smelting to the recovery of lead-bearing scrap by the secondary lead industry, which accounted for 91 percent of U.S. lead production in 2012. Increasingly stringent environmental regulations for lead emissions in the United States have contributed to the closure of primary lead refineries and the consolidation of the secondary lead industry. Domestic production of lead from the primary and secondary sectors in 2012 is essentially unchanged from the amount produced in 1995. The U.S. secondary industry produced an estimated 145,000 metric tons more refined lead in 2012 than it did in 1995, primarily by recovering lead from battery scrap, allowing the U.S. to maintain production at a level sufficient to supply much of the domestic demand for lead.
\nExports of lead contained in batteries, electronics, and scrap and waste increased more than 380 percent from 1998 through 2011. Trade patterns of lead scrap products among Canada, Mexico, and the United States have changed since initiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994, providing more flexibility of movement of materials such as lead scrap among these three trading partners. Canada was the source of an average of 98 percent of the lead contained in scrap batteries imported into the United States during the period 1998 through 2012. Canada received about 92 percent of the lead contained in scrap and waste exported from the United States in 1998; Mexico received about 89 percent of the lead contained in battery scrap exported from the United States in 2012. Domestic secondary lead facilities have been able to maintain production because of increasing domestic and foreign supply of spent lead-acid vehicle batteries, which accounted for about 95 percent of U.S. secondary lead consumption in 2012. Increased industrialization in China, India, and the Republic of Korea has led to increased demand for lead concentrates, lead scrap, and refined lead from imported sources to supplement growing domestic production. Consequently, about 94 percent of the lead in ores and concentrate produced in the United States was exported to Asia in 2012 compared to about 18 percent in 1995, and about 72 percent of lead-based scrap was exported from the United States to Asian countries in 2012 compared to about 7 percent in 1995.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155114","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D.R., 2015, Lead scrap use and trade patterns in the United States, 1995–2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations
Director, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
Or visit the USGS Minerals Information Web site at
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/
To predict future coastal hazards, it is important to quantify any links between climate drivers and spatial patterns of coastal change. However, most studies of future coastal vulnerability do not account for the dynamic components of coastal water levels during storms, notably wave-driven processes, storm surges and seasonal water level anomalies, although these components can add metres to water levels during extreme events. Here we synthesize multi-decadal, co-located data assimilated between 1979 and 2012 that describe wave climate, local water levels and coastal change for 48 beaches throughout the Pacific Ocean basin. We find that observed coastal erosion across the Pacific varies most closely with El Niño/Southern Oscillation, with a smaller influence from the Southern Annular Mode and the Pacific North American pattern. In the northern and southern Pacific Ocean, regional wave and water level anomalies are significantly correlated to a suite of climate indices, particularly during boreal winter; conditions in the northeast Pacific Ocean are often opposite to those in the western and southern Pacific. We conclude that, if projections for an increasing frequency of extreme El Niño and La Niña events over the twenty-first century are confirmed, then populated regions on opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean basin could be alternately exposed to extreme coastal erosion and flooding, independent of sea-level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/NGEO2539","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P.L., Short, A.D., Harley, M.D., Splinter, K.D., Vitousek, S., Turner, I.L., Allan, J., Banno, M., Bryan, K., Doria, A., Hansen, J., Kato, S., Kuriyama, Y., Randall-Goodwin, E., Ruggiero, P., Walker, I.J., and Heathfield, D.K., 2015, Coastal vulnerability across the Pacific dominated by El Niño-Southern Oscillation: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 801-807, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2539.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"801","endPage":"807","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064922","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9md5g3vx","text":"External Repository"},{"id":308348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -232.91015625000003,\n -44.087585028245165\n ],\n [\n -232.91015625000003,\n 60.75915950226991\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 60.75915950226991\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n -44.087585028245165\n ],\n [\n -232.91015625000003,\n -44.087585028245165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56026db6e4b03bc34f5447cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":2880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Short, Andrew D.","contributorId":147356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Short","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16826,"text":"University of Sydney","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harley, Mitchell D.","contributorId":147357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harley","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16827,"text":"UNSW Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Splinter, Kristen D.","contributorId":147358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Splinter","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16827,"text":"UNSW Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vitousek, Sean svitousek@usgs.gov","contributorId":5774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","email":"svitousek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turner, Ian L.","contributorId":147366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16827,"text":"UNSW Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Allan, Jonathan","contributorId":46847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allan","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[{"id":7198,"text":"Oregon Department Geology and Mineral Industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Banno, Masayuki","contributorId":147359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banno","given":"Masayuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16828,"text":"Port and Airport Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bryan, Karin R.","contributorId":147360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryan","given":"Karin R.","affiliations":[{"id":12678,"text":"University of Waikato","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Doria, Andre","contributorId":147361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doria","given":"Andre","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12888,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hansen, Jeff E.","contributorId":60339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Jeff E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kato, Shigeru","contributorId":147363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kato","given":"Shigeru","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16830,"text":"Toyohashi University of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kuriyama, Yoshiaki","contributorId":147364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuriyama","given":"Yoshiaki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16828,"text":"Port and Airport Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Randall-Goodwin, Evan","contributorId":147365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randall-Goodwin","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":15709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Walker, Ian J.","contributorId":147367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16829,"text":"University of Victoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Heathfield, Derek K.","contributorId":147362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heathfield","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16829,"text":"University of Victoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70157262,"text":"ofr20151154 - 2015 - National assessment of nor’easter-induced coastal erosion hazards: mid- and northeast Atlantic coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-22T08:31:38","indexId":"ofr20151154","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1154","title":"National assessment of nor’easter-induced coastal erosion hazards: mid- and northeast Atlantic coast","docAbstract":"Beaches serve as a natural buffer between the ocean and inland communities, ecosystems, and natural resources. However, these dynamic environments move and change in response to winds, waves, and currents. During extreme storms, changes to beaches can be great, and the results are sometimes catastrophic. Lives may be lost, communities destroyed, and millions of dollars spent on rebuilding.
\nDuring storms, large waves may erode beaches, and high storm surge may shift the erosive force of the waves higher on the beach. In some cases, the combined effects of waves and surge may cause overwash (when waves and surge overtop the dune, transporting sediment inland) or flooding. Buildings and infrastructure on or near a dune can be undermined during wave attack and subsequent erosion. A number of strong northeast storms—storms with winds tending to blow from the northeast direction—referred to as nor’easters, have hit the mid- and northeast Atlantic coast of the United States in recent years (February 2013 and January 2015). Waves from these storms caused severe erosion, flooding, and undermining of roads in many areas along the northeast Atlantic coast.
\nWaves overtopping a dune can transport water and sand inland, covering roads and blocking evacuation routes or impeding emergency relief. If storm surge inundates barrier island dunes, currents flowing across the island can create a breach, or a new inlet, completely severing evacuation routes.
\nExtreme coastal changes caused by hurricanes or nor’easters may increase the vulnerability of communities both during a storm and to future storms. For example, when sand dunes are substantially eroded, inland structures are exposed to storm surge and waves. On barrier islands, absent or low dunes allow water to flow inland across the island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151154","usgsCitation":"Birchler, J.J., Dalyander, P.S., Stockdon, H.F., and Doran, K.S., 2015, National assessment of nor’easter-induced coastal erosion hazards—Mid- and northeast Atlantic coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1154, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151154.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Metadata; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064838","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308309,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://olga.er.usgs.gov/data/NACCH/Noreasters_erosion_hazards_metadata.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1154","linkHelpText":"Probability Model Outputs: National Assessment of Nor'easter-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Mid- and Northeast Atlantic Coast (Polyline Shapefile)"},{"id":308195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1154/ofr20151154.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1154"},{"id":308308,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://olga.er.usgs.gov/data/NACCH/Noreasters_erosion_hazards.zip","text":"Nor'easter Erosion Hazards Data Download","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2015-1154"},{"id":308187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1154/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic Coast, Northeast Atlantic Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -68.18115234375,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -68.18115234375,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 33.65120829920497\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
http://marine.usgs.gov/coastalchangehazards/
Scaling plays a crucial role in designing experiments aimed at understanding the behavior of landslides, debris flows, and other geomorphic phenomena involving grain-fluid mixtures. Scaling can be addressed by using dimensional analysis or – more rigorously – by normalizing differential equations that describe the evolving dynamics of the system. Both of these approaches show that, relative to full-scale natural events, miniaturized landslides and debris flows exhibit disproportionately large effects of viscous shear resistance and cohesion as well as disproportionately small effects of excess pore-fluid pressure that is generated by debris dilation or contraction. This behavioral divergence grows in proportion to H3, where H is the thickness of a moving mass. Therefore, to maximize geomorphological relevance, experiments with wet landslides and debris flows must be conducted at the largest feasible scales. Another important consideration is that, unlike stream flows, landslides and debris flows accelerate from statically balanced initial states. Thus, no characteristic macroscopic velocity exists to guide experiment scaling and design. On the other hand, macroscopic gravity-driven motion of landslides and debris flows evolves over a characteristic time scale (L/g)1/2, where g is the magnitude of gravitational acceleration and L is the characteristic length of the moving mass. Grain-scale stress generation within the mass occurs on a shorter time scale, H/(gL)1/2, which is inversely proportional to the depth-averaged material shear rate. A separation of these two time scales exists if the criterion H/L < < 1 is satisfied, as is commonly the case. This time scale separation indicates that steady-state experiments can be used to study some details of landslide and debris-flow behavior but cannot be used to study macroscopic landslide or debris-flow dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.02.033","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 2015, Scaling and design of landslide and debris-flow experiments: Geomorphology, v. 244, p. 9-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.02.033.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058418","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"244","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56011c75e4b03bc34f5443e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157341,"text":"70157341 - 2015 - Intra-annual patterns in adult band-tailed pigeon survival estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-21T13:37:42","indexId":"70157341","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intra-annual patterns in adult band-tailed pigeon survival estimates","docAbstract":"Context: The band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata) is a migratory species occurring in western North America with low recruitment potential and populations that have declined an average of 2.4% per year since the 1960s. Investigations into band-tailed pigeon demographic rates date back to the early 1900s, and existing annual survival rate estimates were derived in the 1970s using band return data.
\nAims: The primary purpose of the paper was to demonstrate that the apparent paradox between band-tailed pigeon population dynamics (long-term steady decline) and breeding season survival rates (very high) can be explained by changes in survival probability during the remainder of the year.
\nMethods: We trapped Pacific coast band-tailed pigeons during two separate periods: we equipped pigeons with very high frequency (VHF) radio-transmitters in 1999–2000 (1999 = 20; 2000 = 34); and outfitted pigeons with solar powered platform transmitting terminal (PTT) transmitters in 2006–08 (n = 20). We used known fate models to estimate annual survival rates and seasonal survival variation among four periods based on an annual behavioural cycle based on phenological events (nesting, autumn migration, winter and spring migrations). We used model averaged parameter estimates to account for model selection uncertainty.
\nKey results: Neither body condition nor sex were associated with variation in band-tailed pigeon survival rates. Weekly survival during the nesting season did not differ significantly between VHF-marked (0.996; CI = 0.984–0.999) and PTT-marked pigeons (0.998; CI = 0.990–1.00). Model averaged annual survival of PTT-marked pigeons was 0.682 (95% CI = 0.426–0.861) and was similar to annual survival estimated in previous studies using band return data. Survival probability was lowest during both migration periods and highest during the nesting period.
\nConclusions: Our survival estimates are consistent with those of prior studies and suggest that mortality risk is greatest during migration. Weekly survival probability during winter was nearly the same as during the nesting season; however, winter was the longest period and survival throughout winter was lower than other seasons.
\nImplications: We present the first inter-seasonal analysis of survival probability of the Pacific coast race of band-tailed pigeons and illustrate important temporal patterns that may influence future species management including harvest strategies and disease monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","publisherLocation":"East Melbourne, Australia","doi":"10.1071/WR14199","collaboration":"CADFW, USFWS, ORFW, WAFW","usgsCitation":"Casazza, M.L., Coates, P.S., Overton, C.T., and Howe, K.H., 2015, Intra-annual patterns in adult band-tailed pigeon survival estimates: Wildlife Research, v. 42, no. 5, p. 454-459, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR14199.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"454","endPage":"459","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062587","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56011c6fe4b03bc34f5443db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howe, Kristy H. khowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":147803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"Kristy","email":"khowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157284,"text":"70157284 - 2015 - Individual heterogeneity in growth and age at sexual maturity: A gamma process analysis of capture–mark–recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T16:53:03","indexId":"70157284","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual heterogeneity in growth and age at sexual maturity: A gamma process analysis of capture–mark–recapture data","docAbstract":"Knowledge of organisms’ growth rates and ages at sexual maturity is important for conservation efforts and a wide variety of studies in ecology and evolutionary biology. However, these life history parameters may be difficult to obtain from natural populations: individuals encountered may be of unknown age, information on age at sexual maturity may be uncertain and interval-censored, and growth data may include both individual heterogeneity and measurement errors. We analyzed mark–recapture data for Red-backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) to compare sex-specific growth rates and ages at sexual maturity. Aging of individuals was made possible by the use of a von Bertalanffy model of growth, complemented with models for interval-censored and imperfect observations at sexual maturation. Individual heterogeneity in growth was modeled through the use of Gamma processes. Our analysis indicates that female P. cinereus mature earlier and grow more quickly than males, growing to nearly identical asymptotic size distributions as males.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Statistical Association: International Biometric Society","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.1007/s13253-015-0211-8","usgsCitation":"Link, W.A., and Hesed, K.M., 2015, Individual heterogeneity in growth and age at sexual maturity: A gamma process analysis of capture–mark–recapture data: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 20, no. 3, p. 343-352, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-015-0211-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"352","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063230","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56011c6ae4b03bc34f5443d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hesed, Kyle Miller","contributorId":147823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hesed","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"Miller","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157282,"text":"70157282 - 2015 - Preliminary characterization of digestive enzymes in freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-21T12:17:16","indexId":"70157282","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary characterization of digestive enzymes in freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"Resource managers lack an effective chemical tool to control the invasive zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. Zebra mussels clog water intakes for hydroelectric companies, harm unionid mussel species, and are believed to be a reservoir of avian botulism. Little is known about the digestive physiology of zebra mussels and unionid mussels. The enzymatic profile of the digestive glands of zebra mussels and native threeridge (Amblema plicata) and plain pocketbook mussels (Lampsilis cardium) are characterized using a commercial enzyme kit, api ZYM, and validated the kit with reagent-grade enzymes. A linear correlation was shown for only one of nineteen enzymes, tested between the api ZYM kit and a specific enzyme kit. Thus, the api ZYM kit should only be used to make general comparisons of enzyme presence and to observe trends in enzyme activities. Enzymatic trends were seen in the unionid mussel species, but not in zebra mussels sampled 32 days apart from the same location. Enzymatic classes, based on substrate, showed different trends, with proteolytic and phospholytic enzymes having the most change in relative enzyme activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Shellfisheries Association","doi":"10.2983/035.034.0225","collaboration":"University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","usgsCitation":"Sauey, B., Amberg, J.J., Cooper, S.T., Grunwald, S.K., Newton, T.J., and Haro, R.J., 2015, Preliminary characterization of digestive enzymes in freshwater mussels: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 34, no. 2, p. 415-422, https://doi.org/10.2983/035.034.0225.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"422","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061084","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56011c74e4b03bc34f5443df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauey, Blake W. bsauey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauey","given":"Blake W.","email":"bsauey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amberg, Jon J. jamberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":147776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Scott T.","contributorId":147777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16932,"text":"University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, Biology Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grunwald, Sandra K.","contributorId":147778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grunwald","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16933,"text":"University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, Chemistry & Biochemistry Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852 tnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":2470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa","email":"tnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haro, Roger J.","contributorId":139538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haro","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12793,"text":"University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190286,"text":"70190286 - 2015 - Hydro-bio-geomechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments from Nankai Trough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:11:28","indexId":"70190286","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydro-bio-geomechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments from Nankai Trough","docAbstract":"Natural hydrate-bearing sediments from the Nankai Trough, offshore Japan, were studied using the Pressure Core Characterization Tools (PCCTs) to obtain geomechanical, hydrological, electrical, and biological properties under in situ pressure, temperature, and restored effective stress conditions. Measurement results, combined with index-property data and analytical physics-based models, provide unique insight into hydrate-bearing sediments in situ. Tested cores contain some silty-sands, but are predominantly sandy- and clayey-silts. Hydrate saturations Sh range from 0.15 to 0.74, with significant concentrations in the silty-sands. Wave velocity and flexible-wall permeameter measurements on never-depressurized pressure-core sediments suggest hydrates in the coarser-grained zones, the silty-sands where Sh exceeds 0.4, contribute to soil-skeletal stability and are load-bearing. In the sandy- and clayey-silts, where Sh < 0.4, the state of effective stress and stress history are significant factors determining sediment stiffness. Controlled depressurization tests show that hydrate dissociation occurs too quickly to maintain thermodynamic equilibrium, and pressure–temperature conditions track the hydrate stability boundary in pure-water, rather than that in seawater, in spite of both the in situ pore water and the water used to maintain specimen pore pressure prior to dissociation being saline. Hydrate dissociation accompanied with fines migration caused up to 2.4% vertical strain contraction. The first-ever direct shear measurements on never-depressurized pressure-core specimens show hydrate-bearing sediments have higher sediment strength and peak friction angle than post-dissociation sediments, but the residual friction angle remains the same in both cases. Permeability measurements made before and after hydrate dissociation demonstrate that water permeability increases after dissociation, but the gain is limited by the transition from hydrate saturation before dissociation to gas saturation after dissociation. In a proof-of-concept study, sediment microbial communities were successfully extracted and stored under high-pressure, anoxic conditions. Depressurized samples of these extractions were incubated in air, where microbes exhibited temperature-dependent growth rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.02.033","usgsCitation":"Santamarina, J., Dai, S., Terzariol, M., Jang, J., Waite, W., Winters, W.J., Nagao, J., Yoneda, J., Konno, Y., Fujii, T., and Suzuki, K., 2015, Hydro-bio-geomechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments from Nankai Trough: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 434-450, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.02.033.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"434","endPage":"450","ipdsId":"IP-062005","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.02.033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599e944ae4b04935557fe9dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Santamarina, J.C.","contributorId":50283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santamarina","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dai, Shifeng","contributorId":138922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dai","given":"Shifeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12582,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terzariol, M.","contributorId":195811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terzariol","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jang, Jeonghwan","contributorId":190816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jang","given":"Jeonghwan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nagao, J.","contributorId":195812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagao","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yoneda, J.","contributorId":195813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoneda","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Konno, Y.","contributorId":195814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konno","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fujii, T.","contributorId":195815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujii","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Suzuki, K.","contributorId":178737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suzuki","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70188819,"text":"70188819 - 2015 - Sulfate and sulfide sulfur isotopes (δ34S and δ33S) measured by solution and laser ablation MC-ICP-MS: An enhanced approach using external correction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-26T11:02:49","indexId":"70188819","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sulfate and sulfide sulfur isotopes (δ34S and δ33S) measured by solution and laser ablation MC-ICP-MS: An enhanced approach using external correction","title":"Sulfate and sulfide sulfur isotopes (δ34S and δ33S) measured by solution and laser ablation MC-ICP-MS: An enhanced approach using external correction","docAbstract":"Isotope ratio measurements using a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) commonly use standard-sample bracketing with a single isotope standard for mass bias correction for elements with narrow-range isotope systems measured by MC-ICP-MS, e.g. Cu, Fe, Zn, and Hg. However, sulfur (S) isotopic composition (δ34S) in nature can range from at least − 40 to + 40‰, potentially exceeding the ability of standard-sample bracketing using a single sulfur isotope standard to accurately correct for mass bias. Isotopic fractionation via solution and laser ablation introduction was determined during sulfate sulfur (Ssulfate) isotope measurements. An external isotope calibration curve was constructed using in-house and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Ssulfate isotope reference materials (RM) in an attempt to correct for the difference. The ability of external isotope correction for Ssulfate isotope measurements was evaluated by analyzing NIST and United States Geological Survey (USGS) Ssulfate isotope reference materials as unknowns. Differences in δ34Ssulfate between standard-sample bracketing and standard-sample bracketing with external isotope correction for sulfate samples ranged from 0.72‰ to 2.35‰ over a δ34S range of 1.40‰ to 21.17‰. No isotopic differences were observed when analyzing Ssulfide reference materials over a δ34Ssulfide range of − 32.1‰ to 17.3‰ and a δ33S range of − 16.5‰ to 8.9‰ via laser ablation (LA)-MC-ICP-MS. Here, we identify a possible plasma induced fractionation for Ssulfate and describe a new method using external isotope calibration corrections using solution and LA-MC-ICP-MS.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.07.014","usgsCitation":"Pribil, M., Ridley, W.I., and Emsbo, P., 2015, Sulfate and sulfide sulfur isotopes (δ34S and δ33S) measured by solution and laser ablation MC-ICP-MS: An enhanced approach using external correction: Chemical Geology, v. 412, p. 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.07.014.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-063423","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"412","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d21e4b062508e3c367c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pribil, Michael J. 0000-0003-4859-8673 mpribil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4859-8673","contributorId":141158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pribil","given":"Michael","email":"mpribil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ridley, William I. 0000-0001-6787-558X iridley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":1160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"William","email":"iridley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emsbo, Poul 0000-0001-9421-201X pemsbo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X","contributorId":997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"Poul","email":"pemsbo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}