Giardia and enteric viruses were detected in a reconnaissance study of Madam Creek and Dunloup Creek, two tributaries of the New River Gorge National River, in 2000. Cryptosporidium and pathogenic bacteria were not detected in these tributaries. The two streams were identified in previous studies as consistently having some of the highest indicator-bacteria concentrations among New River Gorge tributaries. This study used the best available commercial methods for identifying and enumerating pathogens. However, these methods were developed for regular monitoring at water-treatment facilities or documenting the causes of disease outbreaks, and provided ambiguous results when used in this occurrence study. The World Health Organization suggests a study design for monitoring recreational waters. Frequent sampling for multiple fecal indicator organisms is the recommended first step. Regression modeling that uses environmental characteristics measurable in real time to predict bacteria concentrations and make operational decisions is recommended for contaminated waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0265","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Messinger, T., 2002, Reconnaissance for selected pathogens, and review of pertinent literature, for the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-65, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0265.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431093,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0065/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0065/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"New River Gorge National River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.51583137127089,\n 38.44508354069333\n ],\n [\n -81.51583137127089,\n 37.43269649056171\n ],\n [\n -80.5064201032327,\n 37.43269649056171\n ],\n [\n -80.5064201032327,\n 38.44508354069333\n ],\n [\n -81.51583137127089,\n 38.44508354069333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6440c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messinger, Terence 0000-0003-4084-9298 tmessing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-9298","contributorId":2717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messinger","given":"Terence","email":"tmessing@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50122,"text":"fs13902 - 2002 - Influence of hydrology on life-history parameters of common freshwater fishes from southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:40:52.079065","indexId":"fs13902","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"139-02","displayTitle":"Influence of Hydrology on Life-History Parameters of Common Freshwater Fishes from Southern Florida","title":"Influence of hydrology on life-history parameters of common freshwater fishes from southern Florida","docAbstract":"Fishes are essential to the successful functioning of wetland food webs in southern Florida through their roles as prey and predators. Any changes that reduce the population sizes, community composition, or availability of aquatic animals will affect all facets of the ecology of these wetlands. In particular, small and medium-size fishes are important food items for most wading bird species. For this reason, fishes have been recognized by the multi-agency groups responsible for guiding the Everglades restoration process as a key indicator group by which to measure restoration success.
Despite the importance of fish for management, gaps in baseline knowledge remain. Basic demographic information, termed life-history parameters, is needed to make predictions about their resilience under alternative management scenarios. These parameters include growth rate, age at maturation, fecundity and life expectancy. However, basic life-history parameters remain to be characterized, even for abundant fish species. Adding to the challenge, life-history characteristics of important Everglades species are known to be plastic in response to environmental conditions and survivorship and recruitment schedules are certain to be influenced by variation in hydroperiod. We intend to study the effect of hydroperiod on recruitment, size/age structure, growth, and fecundity, which, in turn, determine fish population dynamics.
At present, data on fish reproduction, age and growth, and other life history characteristics are confined to a few species from a limited area of long-hydroperiod marsh in central Shark River Slough. As we continue the analysis and synthesis of data from the long-term fish collections, life-history information will help explain patterns of fluctuations in the time series. Accurate life-history data are also very important in building credible simulation models like ATLSS. Without empirical life-history data from a range of environments, the model will be simplistic and inadequate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13902","usgsCitation":"Loftus, W.F., 2002, Influence of Hydrology on Life-History Parameters of Common Freshwater Fishes from Southern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2002–139, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13902.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4308,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0139/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.70307239879236,\n 27.588886070825566\n ],\n [\n -82.70307239879236,\n 24.307815477878165\n ],\n [\n -79.7225186427455,\n 24.307815477878165\n ],\n [\n -79.7225186427455,\n 27.588886070825566\n ],\n [\n -82.70307239879236,\n 27.588886070825566\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Evaluating long-term trends and developing population models requires a large amount of data collected over a number of years at a number of locations. Information on alligator densities, nesting and growth have been collected in south Florida since the 1950s by rangers and researchers in Everglades National Park (ENP) and Big Cypress National Preserve (BCNP), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission personnel, University researchers, and private consultants. Many of the most critical data sets (those having the largest amount of data or those from particular areas or years) are not accessible for use in evaluating restoration alternatives or developing models. The data are not available in a centralized, easily accessible, welldocumented database. Further, the size and scope of these data sets are not fully known. Thousands of individual records need to be evaluated, compiled, and entered into an appropriate database. It is critical that these data sets are accessible to establish restoration targets for alligator populations, develop models, and design short and long-term monitoring tools for evaluating restoration success.
Historical data is used to make assessments of populations in relation to restoration and water management practices in the Everglades. Most life history characteristics are difficult to use to assess restoration progress, because decades of data are required. Condition, on the other hand, can be calculated in a relatively simple manner. Condition can be defined as the \"relative fatness of [an animal]....it is a measure of how well that animal is coping with its environment\" (Taylor 1979). This definition is the key to using alligators as indicators of the health of their environment. Other parameters can be used to assess the health of a population (nesting effort, growth rate and survival, and density), but require much more data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs14002","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.G., 2002, Compilation of American Alligator Data Sets in South Florida for Restoration Needs: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2002–140, \nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/fs14002.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0140/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":4309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.65330433978595,\n 27.54476809821682\n ],\n [\n -82.65330433978595,\n 24.33301074011696\n ],\n [\n -79.92159087877113,\n 24.33301074011696\n ],\n [\n -79.92159087877113,\n 27.54476809821682\n ],\n [\n -82.65330433978595,\n 27.54476809821682\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Water, sediment, and fish were sampled in the summer and fall of 1998 at 106 sites from 20 U.S. watershed basins to examine relations of mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic ecosystems. Bioaccumulation of Hg in fish from these basins was evaluated in relation to species, Hg and MeHg in surficial sediment and water, and watershed characteristics. Bioaccumulation was strongly (positively) correlated with MeHg in water (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) but only moderately with the MeHg in sediment (r = 0.33, p < 0.001) or total Hg in water (r = 0.28, p < 0.01). Of the other significantly measured parameters, pH, DOC, sulfate, sediment LOI, and the percent wetlands of each basin were also significantly correlated with Hg bioaccumulation in fish. The best model for predicting Hg bioaccumulation included Me Hg in water, PH of the water, % wetlands in the basin, and the AVS content of the sediment. These four variables accounted for 45% of the variability of the fish fillet Hg concentration normalized (divided) by total length; however, the majority was described by MeHg in water. A MeHg water concentration 0.12 ng/L was on average, associated with a fish fillet Hg concentration of 0.3 mg/kg wet weight for an age-3 fish when all species were considered. For age-3 largemouth bass, a MeHg water concentration of 0.058 ng/L was associated with the 0.3 mg/kg fillet concentration. Based on rankings for Hg in sediment, water, and fish, sampling sites from the following five study basins had the greatest Hg contamination: Nevada Basin and Range, South Florida Basin, Sacramento River Basin (California), Santee River Basin and Caostal Drainages (South Carolina), and the Long Island and New Jersey Coastal Drainags. A sampling and analysis strategy based on this pilot study is planned for all USGS/NAWQA study units over the next decade.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","issn":"1081-292X","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.G., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Helsel, D., Wiener, J.G., and Echols, K.R., 2001, A national pilot study of mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems along multiple gradients\" Bioaccumulation in fish: Biological Science Report 2001-0009, iii, 25 p.","productDescription":"iii, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2001/0009/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":11548,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2001/0009/bsr20010009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495de4b0b290850ef1a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiener, James G.","contributorId":93853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiener","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17913,"text":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":248544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":53878,"text":"bsr010004 - 2001 - Toxicity and bioavailability of metals in the Missouri River adjacent to a lead refinery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T02:51:41.28455","indexId":"bsr010004","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-02T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2001-0004","displayTitle":"Toxicity and Bioavailability of Metals in the Missouri River Adjacent to a Lead Refinery","title":"Toxicity and bioavailability of metals in the Missouri River adjacent to a lead refinery","docAbstract":"This study is an evaluation of the potential environmental impacts of contaminated groundwater from the ASARCO metals refining facility adjacent to the Missouri River in Omaha, Nebraska. Surface waters, sediments, and sediment pore waters were collected from the Burt-Izard drain, which transects the facility, and from the Missouri River adjacent to the facility. Groundwater was also collected from the facility. Waters and sediments were analyzed for inorganic contaminants, and the toxicity of the waters was evaluated with the Ceriodaphnia dubia 7-day test. Concentrations of several elemental contaminants were highly elevated in the groundwater, but not in river sediment pore waters. Lead concentrations were moderately elevated in whole sediment at one site, but lead concentrations in pore waters were low due to apparent sequestration by acid-volatile sulfides. The groundwater sample was highly toxic to C. dubia, causing 100% mortality. Even at the lowest groundwater concentration tested (6.25%) C. dubia survival was reduced; however, at that concentration, reproduction was not significantly different from upstream porewater reference samples. Sediment pore waters were not toxic, except reproduction in pore water collected from one downstream site was somewhat reduced. The decrease in reproduction could not be attributed to measured elemental contaminants.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Chapman, D., Allert, A., Fairchild, J.F., May, T.W., Schmitt, C.J., and Callahan, E.V., 2001, Toxicity and bioavailability of metals in the Missouri River adjacent to a lead refinery: Biological Science Report 2001-0004, iii, 27 p.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2001/0004/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":4721,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2001/0004/bsr20010004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"646 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"BSR 2001-0004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","city":"Omaha","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.93381881713866,\n 41.24167453726628\n ],\n [\n -95.90686798095702,\n 41.24167453726628\n ],\n [\n -95.90686798095702,\n 41.277483949306315\n ],\n [\n -95.93381881713866,\n 41.277483949306315\n ],\n [\n -95.93381881713866,\n 41.24167453726628\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
The reported decline in the abundance, distribution, and genetic diversity of Columbia River redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri (a rainbow trout subspecies) has prompted fisheries managers to investigate their habitat requirements, identify critical habitat, and develop effective conservation and recovery programs. We analyzed the microhabitat, mesohabitat, and macrohabitat use and distribution of Columbia River redband trout by means of snorkel surveys in two watersheds in the Kootenai River drainage, Montana and Idaho, during the summers of 1997 and 1998. Juvenile (36–125 mm total length, TL) and adult (>=126 mm TL) fish preferred deep microhabitats (>=0.4 m) with low to moderate velocities (<=0.5 m/s) adjacent to the thalweg. Conversely, age-0 (<=35 mm) fish selected slow water (<=0.1 m/s) and shallow depths (<=0.2 m) located in lateral areas of the channel. Age-0, juvenile, and adult fish strongly selected pool mesohabitats and avoided riffles; juveniles and adults generally used runs in proportion to their availability. At the macrohabitat scale, density of Columbia River redband trout (35 mm) was positively related to the abundance of pools and negatively related to stream gradient. The pool: riffle ratio, gradient, and stream size combined accounted for 80% of the variation in density among 23 stream reaches in five streams. Our results demonstrate that low-gradient, medium-elevation reaches with an abundance of complex pools are critical areas for the production of Columbia River redband trout. These data will be useful in assessing the impacts of land-use practices on the remaining populations and may assist with habitat restoration or enhancement efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0223:SHUBCR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., and Bennett, D.H., 2001, Summer habitat use by Columbia River redband trout in the Kootenai River drainage, Montana: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 1, p. 223-235, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0223:SHUBCR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"235","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8675%282001%29021%3C0223%3ASHUBCR%3E2.0.CO%3B2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 42.90816007196054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5de9e4b0ebfbef0d3493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, David H.","contributorId":149934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13384,"text":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159729,"text":"70159729 - 2001 - Control of ungulate numbers in a protected area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T12:57:36","indexId":"70159729","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-08T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of ungulate numbers in a protected area","docAbstract":"Successful long-term control of ungulate numbers within a protected area requires continuous review and refinement of management practices. Insights gained may have application to other sites. We evaluated management objectives and actions to control populations of exotic axis deer (Axis axis) and fallow deer (Dama dama) at Point Reyes National Seashore, California. Using records of numbers of each species culled from 1968 to 1996 and demographic data, we modeled each population's potential response to management actions and to the cessation of control in 1996. These simulations indicated that control measures hold numbers of both populations below ecological carrying capacity (K) and that populations of fallow and axis deer may have reached K within 5 to 13 years of ceasing control, respectively. We also simulated each population's response to removal of actual numbers of males killed but no females and actual numbers of females killed but no males from 1968 to 1996. Removing males only resulted in both populations reaching K. Removing females only led to the extirpation of both populations. Cessation of control activities prior to removal of all females resulted in recovery of both populations. A team of personnel expended an average of 1.75 work-hours/deer to remove 1,182 exotic deer of both species from 1984 to 1994. The work effort to kill each deer increased 2-fold from 1984 to 1994. The work effort required to remove s2 deer/day reached as great as 20 hours/deer. Elimination of the axis deer population is feasible and likely a more cost-effective management alternative than continued population control. Elimination of fallow deer is potentially more difficult but may be more costeffective than continuing control actions indefinitely. We recommend similar assessments of management alternatives to those charged with controlling ungulate numbers in protected areas.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Gogan, P.J., Barrett, R.H., Shook, W.W., and Kucera, T.E., 2001, Control of ungulate numbers in a protected area: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1075-1088.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1075","endPage":"1088","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":311514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Point Reyes National Sea Shore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.67471313476561,\n 37.90736658145496\n ],\n [\n -122.99880981445311,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -123.0853271484375,\n 38.064311140919\n ],\n [\n -123.05374145507812,\n 37.92903406232562\n ],\n [\n -122.93975830078124,\n 37.900865092570065\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 37.861844098370945\n ],\n [\n -122.67196655273436,\n 37.88786039168385\n ],\n [\n -122.67471313476561,\n 37.90736658145496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf46e4b0112df6c62df7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gogan, Peter J. 0000-0002-7821-133X peter_gogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-133X","contributorId":1771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter","email":"peter_gogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, Reginald H.","contributorId":48261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shook, William W.","contributorId":149972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shook","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kucera, Thomas E.","contributorId":149973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kucera","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70120632,"text":"70120632 - 2001 - GCLAS: a graphical constituent loading analysis system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T11:18:16","indexId":"70120632","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T11:13:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"GCLAS: a graphical constituent loading analysis system","docAbstract":"
The U. S. Geological Survey has developed a program called GCLAS (Graphical Constituent Loading Analysis System) to aid in the computation of daily constituent loads transported in stream flow. Due to the relative paucity with which most water-quality data are collected, computation of daily constituent loads is moderately to highly dependent on human interpretation of the relation between stream hydraulics and constituent transport. GCLAS provides a visual environment for evaluating the relation between hydraulic and other covariate time series and the constituent chemograph. GCLAS replaces the computer program Sedcalc, which is the most recent USGS sanctioned tool for constructing sediment chemographs and computing suspended-sediment loads. Written in a portable language, GCLAS has an interactive graphical interface that permits easy entry of estimated values and provides new tools to aid in making those estimates. The use of a portable language for program development imparts a degree of computer platform independence that was difficult to obtain in the past, making implementation more straightforward within the USGS' s diverse computing environment. Some of the improvements introduced in GCLAS include (1) the ability to directly handle periods of zero or reverse flow, (2) the ability to analyze and apply coefficient adjustments to concentrations as a function of time, streamflow, or both, (3) the ability to compute discharges of constituents other than suspended sediment, (4) the ability to easily view data related to the chemograph at different levels of detail, and (5) the ability to readily display covariate time series data to provide enhanced visual cues for drawing the constituent chemograph.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Seventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, March 25 to 29, 2001, Reno, Nevada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"McKallip, T., Koltun, G., Gray, J.R., and Glysson, G., 2001, GCLAS: a graphical constituent loading analysis system, in Proceedings of the Seventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, March 25 to 29, 2001, Reno, Nevada, v. II, p. VI-49-VI-52.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"VI-49","endPage":"VI-52","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ed2e4b0bfa1f993ef75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKallip, T.E.","contributorId":44943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKallip","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glysson, G.D.","contributorId":16430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006865,"text":"70006865 - 2001 - Patterns in abundance of fishes in main channels of the upper Mississippi River system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-25T01:02:00","indexId":"70006865","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns in abundance of fishes in main channels of the upper Mississippi River system","docAbstract":"Abundance of fishes of the main channels of the upper Mississippi River system and of other large North American rivers is largely unknown because historic sampling methods have been inadequate. We used a bottom trawl to estimate spatial and temporal patterns in abundance in the navigation channels of Pool 26 of the Mississippi River and the lower Illinois River. Total biomass density averaged 21 and 29 kg·ha-1 in the navigation channels of Pool 26 and the lower Illinois River, respectively. We identified spatial and temporal patterns in catches of key species using a generalized linear model based on the negative binomial distribution. Some species, including shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus), are persistent residents of the main channel. Multiple-season residents, including freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens), rely heavily on the main channel during most of the year but leave it briefly, for example to seek thermal refugia in backwaters during winters. We suggest revision of the prevailing notion that main channels of large temperate rivers serve mainly as corridors for movement among other habitat types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/f01-046","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Dettmers, J., Gutreuter, S., Wahl, D., and Soluk, D., 2001, Patterns in abundance of fishes in main channels of the upper Mississippi River system: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 58, no. 5, p. 933-942, https://doi.org/10.1139/f01-046.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"942","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259825,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-046","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75bee4b0c8380cd77d01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettmers, J.M.","contributorId":39724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettmers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahl, David H.","contributorId":85532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soluk, D.A.","contributorId":90686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soluk","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190566,"text":"70190566 - 2001 - Linking habitat selection to brood success in greater sage-grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-07T14:09:50","indexId":"70190566","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking habitat selection to brood success in greater sage-grouse","docAbstract":"Examining links between the fitness of individual organisms and their habitat-based decisions is useful to identify key resources for conservation and management of a species, especially at multiple spatial scales because selection of habitat attributes may vary with spatial scale. Decisions of habitat use by brood-rearing Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) may influence the survival of chicks. We conducted radiotelemetry on 38 sage grouse broods within Mono County, California, during 2003–2005. At relocation and random sites, we measured habitat characteristics at three spatial scales using field procedures (scale, 0.03 ha) and Geographical Information System tools (scales, 7.9 ha and 226.8 ha). We then conducted three data analyses using an information-theoretic modeling approach. The purpose of these analyses was to: (1) identify habitat factors that were selected (defined as use disproportionate to availability) by sage grouse broods; (2) identify habitat factors associated with brood success (defined as 1 live chick at 50 days post-hatch; 24 were successful, 14 unsuccessful); and (3) evaluate brood success as a function of habitat selection indices for brood-rearing sage grouse. At the smallest spatial scale (0.03 ha), grouse with broods selected areas with greater perennial forbs and higher richness of plant species. At larger scales (7.9 ha and 226.8 ha), areas with Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) and singleleaf pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) encroachment were avoided by grouse. Most importantly, the probability of fledging a brood increased as sage grouse females selected habitats with greater densities of perennial forbs (0.03 ha) and higher meadow edge (perimeter to edge ratio; 7.9 ha), perhaps because these areas provided a balance of food and protective cover for chicks. These results suggest that managers should discourage tree encroachment and preserve and enhance sagebrush stands interspersed with perennial forbs and a mixture of small upland meadows.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","usgsCitation":"Casazza, M.L., Coates, P.S., and Overton, C.T., 2001, Linking habitat selection to brood success in greater sage-grouse: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 39, p. 151-167.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"167","ipdsId":"IP-013532","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b25b04e4b020cdf7db1ff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224145,"text":"5224145 - 2001 - Impact of vinclozolin on reproductive behavior and endocrinology in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T15:55:00.600123","indexId":"5224145","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:52","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Impact of vinclozolin on reproductive behavior and endocrinology in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)","title":"Impact of vinclozolin on reproductive behavior and endocrinology in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)","docAbstract":"The impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been demonstrated in mammalian models, but less research is available for avian species. The effects of vinclozolin (VIN), an antiandrogenic fungicide, on sexual differentiation and maturation were investigated in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). On day 4 of incubation, embryos were exposed to no treatment, oil, or 25, 50, or 100 ppm of VIN. Endpoints measured included adult male reproductive behavior, hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH-I) content in hatchlings and adults, plasma steroid levels in hatchlings and adults, proctodeal gland growth during maturation, and relative testicular weight at seven weeks of age. Results showed that exposure to VIN significantly (p < 0.05) altered GnRH-I in male hatchlings, whereas GnRH-I levels in females remained unaffected. Although steroid levels were unaltered by any VIN treatment, the display of male reproductive behavior seemed delayed, with the number of mounts and the number of cloacal contacts being significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the VIN-treated males. This could have an extreme negative impact on wild avian species that are routinely exposed to similar EDCs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620201114","usgsCitation":"McGary, S., Henry, P., and Ottinger, M.A., 2001, Impact of vinclozolin on reproductive behavior and endocrinology in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 11, p. 2487-2493, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620201114.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2487","endPage":"2493","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f86a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGary, S.","contributorId":72090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGary","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, P.F.P.","contributorId":14531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"P.F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224380,"text":"5224380 - 2001 - Neuroendocrine and behavioral implications of endocrine disrupting chemicals in quail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224380","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:52","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1907,"text":"Hormones and Behavior","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neuroendocrine and behavioral implications of endocrine disrupting chemicals in quail","docAbstract":"Studies in our laboratory have focused on endocrine, neuroendocrine, and behavioral components of reproduction in the Japanese quail. These studies considered various stages in the life cycle, including embryonic development, sexual maturation, adult reproductive function, and aging. A major focus of our research has been the role of neuroendocrine systems that appear to synchronize both endocrine and behavioral responses. These studies provide the basis for our more recent research on the impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive function in the Japanese quail. These endocrine active chemicals include pesticides, herbicides, industrial products, and plant phytoestrogens. Many of these chemicals appear to mimic vertebrate steroids, often by interacting with steroid receptors. However, most EDCs have relatively weak biological activity compared to native steroid hormones. Therefore, it becomes important to understand the mode and mechanism of action of classes of these chemicals and sensitive stages in the life history of various species. Precocial birds, such as the Japanese quail, are likely to be sensitive to EDC effects during embryonic development, because sexual differentiation occurs during this period. Accordingly, adult quail may be less impacted by EDC exposure. Because there are a great many data available on normal development and reproductive function in this species, the Japanese quail provides an excellent model for examining the effects of EDCs. Thus, we have begun studies using a Japanese quail model system to study the effects of EDCs on reproductive endocrine and behavioral responses. In this review, we have two goals: first, to provide a summary of reproductive development and sexual differentiation in intact Japanese quail embryos, including ontogenetic patterns in steroid hormones in the embryonic and maturing quail. Second, we discuss some recent data from experiments in our laboratory in which EDCs have been tested in Japanese quail. The Japanese quail provides an excellent avian model for testing EDCs because this species has well-characterized reproductive endocrine and behavioral responses. Considerable research has been conducted in quail in which the effects of embryonic steroid exposure have been studied relative to reproductive behavior. Moreover, developmental processes have been studied extensively and include investigations of the reproductive axis, thyroid system, and stress and immune responses. We have conducted a number of studies, which have considered long-term neuroendocrine consequences as well as behavioral responses to steroids. Some of these studies have specifically tested the effects of embryonic steroid exposure on later reproductive function in a multigenerational context. A multigenerational exposure provides a basis for understanding potential exposure scenarios in the field. In addition, potential routes of exposure to EDCs for avian species are being considered, as well as differential effects due to stage of the life cycle at exposure to an EDC. The studies in our laboratory have used both diet and egg injection as modes of exposure for Japanese quail. In this way, birds were exposed to a specific dose of an EDC at a selected stage in development by injection. Alternatively, dietary exposure appears to be a primary route of exposure; therefore experimental exposure through the diet mimics potential field situations. 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