Tidal freshwater wetlands are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate change and rising sea levels. However salinification within these systems is poorly understood, therefore, productivity (litterfall, woody biomass, and fine roots) were investigated on three forested tidal wetlands [(1) freshwater, (2) moderately saline, and (3) heavily salt-impacted] and a marsh along the Waccamaw and Turkey Creek in South Carolina. Mean aboveground (litterfall and woody biomass) production on the freshwater, moderately saline, heavily salt-impacted, and marsh, respectively, was 1,061, 492, 79, and 0 g m−2 year−1 versus belowground (fine roots) 860, 490, 620, and 2,128 g m−2 year−1. Litterfall and woody biomass displayed an inverse relationship with salinity. Shifts in productivity across saline sites is of concern because sea level is predicted to continue rising. Results from the research reported in this paper provide baseline data upon which coupled hydrologic/wetland models can be created to quantify future changes in tidal forest functions.
The Kootenai River white sturgeon currently spawn (2005) in an 18-kilometer reach of the Kootenai River, Idaho. Since completion of Libby Dam upstream from the spawning reach, there has been only one successful year of recruitment of juvenile fish. Where successful in other rivers, white sturgeon spawn over clean coarse material of gravel size or larger. The channel substrate in the current spawning reach is composed primarily of sand and some buried gravel; within a few kilometers upstream there is clean gravel. We used a 2-dimensional flow and sediment-transport model and the measured locations of sturgeon spawning from 1994-2002 to gain insight into the paradox between the current spawning location and the absence of suitable substrate. Spatial correlations between spawning locations and the model simulations of velocity and depth indicate the white sturgeon tend to select regions of highest velocity and depth within any river cross-section to spawn. These regions of high velocity and depth are independent of pre- or post-dam flow conditions. A simple sediment-transport simulation suggests that high discharge and relatively long duration flow associated with pre-dam flow events might be sufficient to scour the sandy substrate and expose existing lenses of gravel and cobble as lag deposits in the current spawning reach.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000283","usgsCitation":"McDonald, R.R., Nelson, J.M., Paragamian, V., and Barton, G., 2017, Modeling hydraulic and sediment transport processes in white sturgeon spawning habitat on the Kootenai River, Idaho: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 136, no. 12, p. 1077-1092, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000283.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1092","ipdsId":"IP-010752","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Bonners Ferry","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.54983520507812,\n 48.59840868861914\n ],\n [\n -116.04721069335936,\n 48.59840868861914\n ],\n [\n -116.04721069335936,\n 48.93152205931365\n ],\n [\n -116.54983520507812,\n 48.93152205931365\n ],\n [\n -116.54983520507812,\n 48.59840868861914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"136","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599e9448e4b04935557fe9cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paragamian, Vaughn","contributorId":195589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paragamian","given":"Vaughn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193058,"text":"70193058 - 2016 - The removal kinetics of dissolved organic matter and the optical clarity of groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:18:30","indexId":"70193058","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The removal kinetics of dissolved organic matter and the optical clarity of groundwater","docAbstract":"Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and ultraviolet/visible light absorbance decrease systematically as groundwater moves through the unsaturated zones overlying aquifers and along flowpaths within aquifers. These changes occur over distances of tens of meters (m) implying rapid removal kinetics of the chromophoric DOM that imparts color to groundwater. A one-compartment input-output model was used to derive a differential equation describing the removal of DOM from the dissolved phase due to the combined effects of biodegradation and sorption. The general solution to the equation was parameterized using a 2-year record of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration changes in groundwater at a long-term observation well. Estimated rates of DOC loss were rapid and ranged from 0.093 to 0.21 micromoles per liter per day (μM d−1), and rate constants for DOC removal ranged from 0.0021 to 0.011 per day (d−1). Applying these removal rate constants to an advective-dispersion model illustrates substantial depletion of DOC over flow-path distances of 200 m or less and in timeframes of 2 years or less. These results explain the low to moderate DOC concentrations (20–75 μM; 0.26–1 mg L−1) and ultraviolet absorption coefficient values (a254 < 5 m−1) observed in groundwater produced from 59 wells tapping eight different aquifer systems of the United States. The nearly uniform optical clarity of groundwater, therefore, results from similarly rapid DOM-removal kinetics exhibited by geologically and hydrologically dissimilar aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1406-y","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Shen, Y., Strom, E.W., and Benner, R., 2016, The removal kinetics of dissolved organic matter and the optical clarity of groundwater: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1413-1422, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1406-y.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1422","ipdsId":"IP-071739","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1406-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GB2257","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for journal article entitled Removal Kinetics of Dissolved Organic Matter and the Optical Clarity of Groundwater - Supporting Data"},{"id":349215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Nebraska, South Carolina, Texas, Utah","volume":"24","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc5ae4b06e28e9c23da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shen, Yuan","contributorId":176364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shen","given":"Yuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strom, Eric W. ewstrom@usgs.gov","contributorId":337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Eric","email":"ewstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benner, Ronald","contributorId":57380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benner","given":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185577,"text":"70185577 - 2016 - Use of multiple age tracers to estimate groundwater residence times and long-term recharge rates in arid southern Oman","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-24T10:13:56","indexId":"70185577","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of multiple age tracers to estimate groundwater residence times and long-term recharge rates in arid southern Oman","docAbstract":"Multiple age tracers were measured to estimate groundwater residence times in the regional aquifer system underlying southwestern Oman. This area, known as the Najd, is one of the most arid areas in the world and is planned to be the main agricultural center of the Sultanate of Oman in the near future. The three isotopic age tracers 4He, 14C and 36Cl were measured in waters collected from wells along a line that extended roughly from the Dhofar Mountains near the Arabian Sea northward 400 km into the Empty Quarter of the Arabian Peninsula. The wells sampled were mostly open to the Umm Er Radhuma confined aquifer, although, some were completed in the mostly unconfined Rus aquifer. The combined results from the three tracers indicate the age of the confined groundwater is < 40 ka in the recharge area in the Dhofar Mountains, > 100 ka in the central section north of the mountains, and up to and > one Ma in the Empty Quarter. The 14C data were used to help calibrate the 4He and 36Cl data. Mixing models suggest that long open boreholes north of the mountains compromise 14C-only interpretations there, in contrast to 4He and 36Cl calculations that are less sensitive to borehole mixing. Thus, only the latter two tracers from these more distant wells were considered reliable. In addition to the age tracers, δ2H and δ18O data suggest that seasonal monsoon and infrequent tropical cyclones are both substantial contributors to the recharge. The study highlights the advantages of using multiple chemical and isotopic data when estimating groundwater travel times and recharge rates, and differentiating recharge mechanisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.012","usgsCitation":"Muller, T., Osenbruck, K., Strauch, G., Pavetich, S., Al-Mashaikhi, K., Herb, C., Merchel, S., Rugel, G., Aeschbach, W., and Sanford, W.E., 2016, Use of multiple age tracers to estimate groundwater residence times and long-term recharge rates in arid southern Oman: Applied Geochemistry, v. 74, p. 67-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.012.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"83","ipdsId":"IP-078864","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Oman","otherGeospatial":"Dhofar Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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C.","contributorId":189786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herb","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Merchel, S.","contributorId":189787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merchel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rugel, G.","contributorId":189788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rugel","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aeschbach, W.","contributorId":189789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aeschbach","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 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A radiotelemetry study of American Eels was conducted to determine the impacts of five run-of-the-river hydroelectric dams located over a 195-km stretch of the Shenandoah River, Virginia–West Virginia, during fall 2007–summer 2010. Overall, 96 radio-tagged individuals (mean TL = 85.4 cm) migrated downstream past at least one dam during the study. Most American Eels passed dams relatively quickly; over half (57.9%) of the dam passage events occurred within 1 h of reaching a dam, and most (81.3%) occurred within 24 h of reaching the dam. Two-thirds of the dam passage events occurred via spill, and the remaining passage events were through turbines. Migratory delays at dams were shorter and American Eels were more likely to pass via spill over the dam during periods of high river discharge than during low river discharge. The extent of delay in migration did not differ between the passage routes (spill versus turbine). Twenty-eight American Eels suffered turbine-related mortality, which occurred at all five dams. Mortality rates for eels passing through turbines ranged from 15.8% to 40.7% at individual dams. Overall project-specific mortality rates (with all passage routes combined) ranged from 3.0% to 14.3%. To protect downstream-migrating American Eels, nighttime turbine shutdowns (1800–0600 hours) were implemented during September 15–December 15. Fifty percent of all downstream passage events in the study occurred during the turbine shutdown period. Implementation of the seasonal turbine shutdown period reduced cumulative mortality from 63.3% to 37.3% for American Eels passing all five dams. Modifying the turbine shutdown period to encompass more dates in the spring and linking the shutdowns to environmental conditions could provide greater protection to downstream-migrating American Eels.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1176954","usgsCitation":"Eyler, S., Welsh, S., Smith, D.R., and Rockey, M., 2016, Downstream passage and impact of turbine shutdowns on survival of silver American Eels at five hydroelectric dams on the Shenandoah River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 5, p. 964-976, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1176954.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"964","endPage":"976","ipdsId":"IP-078753","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": 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,{"id":70182554,"text":"70182554 - 2016 - Nature vs. nurture: Evidence for social learning of conflict behaviour in grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T14:27:36","indexId":"70182554","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature vs. nurture: Evidence for social learning of conflict behaviour in grizzly bears","docAbstract":"The propensity for a grizzly bear to develop conflict behaviours might be a result of social learning between mothers and cubs, genetic inheritance, or both learning and inheritance. Using non-invasive genetic sampling, we collected grizzly bear hair samples during 2011–2014 across southwestern Alberta, Canada. We targeted private agricultural lands for hair samples at grizzly bear incident sites, defining an incident as an occurrence in which the grizzly bear caused property damage, obtained anthropogenic food, or killed or attempted to kill livestock or pets. We genotyped 213 unique grizzly bears (118 M, 95 F) at 24 microsatellite loci, plus the amelogenin marker for sex. We used the program COLONY to assign parentage. We evaluated 76 mother-offspring relationships and 119 father-offspring relationships. We compared the frequency of problem and non-problem offspring from problem and non-problem parents, excluding dependent offspring from our analysis. Our results support the social learning hypothesis, but not the genetic inheritance hypothesis. Offspring of problem mothers are more likely to be involved in conflict behaviours, while offspring from non-problem mothers are not likely to be involved in incidents or human-bear conflicts themselves (Barnard’s test, p = 0.05, 62.5% of offspring from problem mothers were problem bears). There was no evidence that offspring are more likely to be involved in conflict behaviour if their fathers had been problem bears (Barnard’s test, p = 0.92, 29.6% of offspring from problem fathers were problem bears). For the mother-offspring relationships evaluated, 30.3% of offspring were identified as problem bears independent of their mother’s conflict status. Similarly, 28.6% of offspring were identified as problem bears independent of their father’s conflict status. Proactive mitigation to prevent female bears from becoming problem individuals likely will help prevent the perpetuation of conflicts through social learning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0165425","usgsCitation":"Morehouse, A.T., Graves, T.A., Mikle, N., and Boyce, M.S., 2016, Nature vs. nurture: Evidence for social learning of conflict behaviour in grizzly bears: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 11, Article e0165425; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165425.","productDescription":"Article e0165425; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074538","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165425","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Alberta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mikle, Nathaniel 0000-0002-6529-8210 nmikle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-8210","contributorId":177026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikle","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nmikle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyce, Mark S.","contributorId":113205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyce","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170080,"text":"70170080 - 2016 - Genetic status and conservation of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Glacier National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:44:03","indexId":"70170080","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic status and conservation of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Glacier National Park","docAbstract":"Invasive hybridization is one of the greatest threats to the persistence of Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi. Large protected areas, where nonhybridized populations are interconnected and express historical life history and genetic diversity, provide some of the last ecological and evolutionary strongholds for conserving this species. Here, we describe the genetic status and distribution of Westslope Cutthroat Trout throughout Glacier National Park, Montana. Admixture between Westslope Cutthroat Trout and introduced Rainbow Trout O. mykiss and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii bouvieri was estimated by genotyping 1,622 fish collected at 115 sites distributed throughout the Columbia, Missouri, and South Saskatchewan River drainages. Currently, Westslope Cutthroat Trout occupy an estimated 1,465 km of stream habitat and 45 lakes (9,218 ha) in Glacier National Park. There was no evidence of introgression in samples from 32 sites along 587 km of stream length (40% of the stream kilometers currently occupied) and 17 lakes (2,555 ha; 46% of the lake area currently occupied). However, nearly all (97%) of the streams and lakes that were occupied by nonhybridized populations occurred in the Columbia River basin. Based on genetic status (nonnative genetic admixture ≤ 10%), 36 Westslope Cutthroat Trout populations occupying 821 km of stream and 5,482 ha of lakes were identified as “conservation populations.” Most of the conservation populations (N = 27; 736 km of stream habitat) occurred in the Columbia River basin, whereas only a few geographically restricted populations were found in the South Saskatchewan River (N = 7; 55 km) and Missouri River (N = 2; 30 km) basins. Westslope Cutthroat Trout appear to be at imminent risk of genomic extinction in the South Saskatchewan and Missouri River basins, whereas populations in the Columbia River basin are widely distributed and conservation efforts are actively addressing threats from hybridization and other stressors. A diverse set of pro-active management approaches will be required to conserve, protect, and restore Westslope Cutthroat Trout populations in Glacier National Park throughout the 21st century.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1173587","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., D'Angelo, V., Downs, C.C., Powell, J.D., Amish, S.J., Luikart, G., Kovach, R., Boyer, M., and Kalinowski, S.T., 2016, Genetic status and conservation of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Glacier National Park: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 5, p. 1093-1109, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1173587.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1109","ipdsId":"IP-069050","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Genetic_Status_and_Conservation_of_Westslope_Cutthroat_Trout_in_Glacier_National_Park/3578355","text":"External 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Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70182517,"text":"70182517 - 2016 - Genetic structure and viability selection in the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a vagile raptor with a Holarctic distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:21:32","indexId":"70182517","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic structure and viability selection in the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a vagile raptor with a Holarctic distribution","title":"Genetic structure and viability selection in the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a vagile raptor with a Holarctic distribution","docAbstract":"Molecular markers can reveal interesting aspects of organismal ecology and evolution, especially when surveyed in rare or elusive species. Herein, we provide a preliminary assessment of golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) population structure in North America using novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs included one molecular sexing marker, two mitochondrial markers, 85 putatively neutral markers that were derived from noncoding regions within large intergenic intervals, and 74 putatively nonneutral markers found in or very near protein-coding genes. We genotyped 523 eagle samples at these 162 SNPs and quantified genotyping error rates and variability at each marker. Our samples corresponded to 344 individual golden eagles as assessed by unique multilocus genotypes. Observed heterozygosity of known adults was significantly higher than of chicks, as was the number of heterozygous loci, indicating that mean zygosity measured across all 159 autosomal markers was an indicator of fitness as it is associated with eagle survival to adulthood. Finally, we used chick samples of known provenance to test for population differentiation across portions of North America and found pronounced structure among geographic sampling sites. These data indicate that cryptic genetic population structure is likely widespread in the golden eagle gene pool, and that extensive field sampling and genotyping will be required to more clearly delineate management units within North America and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-016-0863-0","usgsCitation":"Doyle, J.M., Katzner, T., Roemer, G., Cain, J.W., Millsap, B., McIntyre, C., Sonsthagen, S.A., Fernandez, N.B., Wheeler, M., Bulut, Z., Bloom, P., and DeWoody, J.A., 2016, Genetic structure and viability selection in the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a vagile raptor with a Holarctic distribution: Conservation Genetics, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1307-1322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-016-0863-0.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1322","ipdsId":"IP-068428","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15439e4b01ccd54fc5e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, Jacqueline M.","contributorId":175099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":5979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roemer, Gary","contributorId":182409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roemer","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Millsap, Brian","contributorId":182410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millsap","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McIntyre, Carol","contributorId":182411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntyre","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fernandez, Nadia B.","contributorId":175100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Nadia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wheeler, Maria","contributorId":182412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bulut, Zafer","contributorId":182413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bulut","given":"Zafer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":30222,"text":"Selcuk University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bloom, Peter","contributorId":182414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bloom","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DeWoody, J. 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Species-wide effects are difficult to study and few, if any, studies examine effects of wind energy generation on any species across its entire range. One species that may be affected by wind energy generation is the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), which is found in the eastern and midwestern United States. In addition to mortality from wind energy generation, the species also faces range-wide threats from the emerging infectious fungal disease, white-nose syndrome (WNS). White-nose syndrome, caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans, disturbs hibernating bats leading to high levels of mortality. We used a spatially explicit full-annual-cycle model to investigate how wind turbine mortality and WNS may singly and then together affect population dynamics of this species. In the simulation, wind turbine mortality impacted the metapopulation dynamics of the species by causing extirpation of some of the smaller winter colonies. In general, effects of wind turbines were localized and focused on specific spatial subpopulations. Conversely, WNS had a depressive effect on the species across its range. Wind turbine mortality interacted with WNS and together these stressors had a larger impact than would be expected from either alone, principally because these stressors together act to reduce species abundance across the spectrum of population sizes. Our findings illustrate the importance of not only prioritizing the protection of large winter colonies as is currently done, but also of protecting metapopulation dynamics and migratory connectivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.2830","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R.A., Thogmartin, W.E., Diffendorfer, J., Russell, R.E., and Szymanski, J.A., 2016, Effects of wind energy generation and white-nose syndrome on the viability of the Indiana bat: PeerJ, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2830.","productDescription":"e2830; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-066589","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470274,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2830","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335420,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F75M63TN","text":"Indiana Bat 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Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T13:09:46","indexId":"70179602","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bald Eagle nestling mortality associated with Argas radiatus and Argas ricei tick infestation and successful management with nest removal in Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"Eight Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nestlings heavily infested with larval ticks were found in or under a nest near the confluence of the Verde and Salt rivers in Arizona in 2009-11. The 8-12-wk-old nestlings were slow to respond to stimuli and exhibited generalized muscle weakness or paresis of the pelvic limbs. Numerous cutaneous and subcutaneous hemorrhages were associated with sites of tick attachment. Ticks were identified as Argas radiatus and Argas ricei. Treatment with acaricides and infection with West Nile virus (WNV) may have confounded the clinical presentation in 2009 and 2010. However, WNV-negative birds exhibited similar signs in 2011. One nestling recovered from paresis within 36 h after the removal of all adult and larval ticks (>350) and was released within 3 wk. The signs present in the heavily infested Bald Eagle nestlings resembled signs associated with tick paralysis, a neurotoxin-mediated paralytic syndrome described in mammals, reptiles, and wild birds (though not eagles). Removal of the infested nest and construction of a nest platform in a different tree was necessary to break the cycle of infection. The original nesting pair constructed a new nest on the man-made platform and successfully fledged two Bald Eagles in 2012.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Ames, IA","doi":"10.7589/2015-10-271","usgsCitation":"Justice-Allen, A., Orr, K., Schuler, K.L., McCarty, K., Jacobson, K., and Meteyer, C.U., 2016, Bald Eagle nestling mortality associated with Argas radiatus and Argas ricei tick infestation and successful management with nest removal in Arizona, USA: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 52, no. 4, p. 940-944, https://doi.org/10.7589/2015-10-271.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"940","endPage":"944","ipdsId":"IP-069808","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","volume":"52","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586f69a0e4b01a71ba0bc8f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Justice-Allen, Anne","contributorId":178039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Justice-Allen","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Kathy","contributorId":178040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orr","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten L.","contributorId":176255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCarty, Kyle","contributorId":178041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jacobson, Kenneth","contributorId":178042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":127748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179631,"text":"70179631 - 2016 - Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-10T11:34:29","indexId":"70179631","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors","docAbstract":"Amphibians are one of the most threatened animal groups, with 32% of species at risk for extinction. Given this imperiled status, is the disappearance of a large fraction of the Earth’s amphibians inevitable, or are some declining species more resilient than is generally assumed? We address this question in a species that is emblematic of many declining amphibians, the endangered Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog (Rana sierrae). Based on >7,000 frog surveys conducted across Yosemite National Park over a 20-y period, we show that, after decades of decline and despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors, including introduced fish, the recently emerged disease chytridiomycosis, and pesticides, R. sierrae abundance increased sevenfold during the study and at a rate of 11% per year. These increases occurred in hundreds of populations throughout Yosemite, providing a rare example of amphibian recovery at an ecologically relevant spatial scale. Results from a laboratory experiment indicate that these increases may be in part because of reduced frog susceptibility to chytridiomycosis. The disappearance of nonnative fish from numerous water bodies after cessation of stocking also contributed to the recovery. The large-scale increases in R. sierrae abundance that we document suggest that, when habitats are relatively intact and stressors are reduced in their importance by active management or species’ adaptive responses, declines of some amphibians may be partially reversible, at least at a regional scale. Other studies conducted over similarly large temporal and spatial scales are critically needed to provide insight and generality about the reversibility of amphibian declines at a global scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1600983113","usgsCitation":"Knapp, R.A., Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P.M., Miller, D.A., Vrendenburg, V.T., Rosenblum, E.B., and Briggs, C.J., 2016, Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 113, no. 42, p. 11889-11894, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600983113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11889","endPage":"11894","ipdsId":"IP-075546","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600983113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"42","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58760115e4b04eac8e0746d9","chorus":{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1600983113","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600983113","publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","authors":"Knapp Roland A., Fellers Gary M., Kleeman Patrick M., Miller David A. W., Vredenburg Vance T., Rosenblum Erica Bree, Briggs Cheryl J.","journalName":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","publicationDate":"10/3/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"4/18/2017"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knapp, Roland A.","contributorId":69901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, David A. W.","contributorId":126732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A. W.","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vrendenburg, Vance T.","contributorId":178116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vrendenburg","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenblum, Erica Bree","contributorId":104330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenblum","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"Bree","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Briggs, Cheryl J.","contributorId":127721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70180630,"text":"70180630 - 2016 - Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Pacific Northwest salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T10:30:40","indexId":"70180630","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1988,"text":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Pacific Northwest salmonids","docAbstract":"The aquatic rhaboviral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) causes acute disease in juvenile fish of a number of populations of Pacific salmonid species. Heavily managed in both marine and freshwater environments, these fish species are cultured during the juvenile stage in freshwater conservation hatcheries, where IHNV is one of the top three infectious diseases that cause serious morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a comprehensive study of viral genetic surveillance data representing 2590 field isolates collected between 1958 and 2014 was conducted to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of IHNV in the Pacific Northwest of the contiguous United States. Prevalence of infection varied over time, fluctuating over a rough 5–7 year cycle. The genetic analysis revealed numerous subgroups of IHNV, each of which exhibited spatial heterogeneity. Within all subgroups, dominant genetic types were apparent, though the temporal patterns of emergence of these types varied among subgroups. Finally, the affinity or fidelity of subgroups to specific host species also varied, where UC subgroup viruses exhibited a more generalist profile and all other subgroups exhibited a specialist profile. These complex patterns are likely synergistically driven by numerous ecological, pathobiological, and anthropogenic factors. Since only a few anthropogenic factors are candidates for managed intervention aimed at improving the health of threatened or endangered salmonid fish populations, determining the relative impact of these factors is a high priority for future studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022","usgsCitation":"Breyta, R., Black, A., Kaufman, J., and Kurath, G., 2016, Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Pacific Northwest salmonids: Infection, Genetics and Evolution, v. 45, p. 347-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-074419","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0a8e4b072a7ac1298ef","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Breyta Rachel, Black Allison, Kaufman John, Kurath Gael","journalName":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","publicationDate":"11/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breyta, Rachel","contributorId":150355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breyta","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Allison","contributorId":147061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16782,"text":"Institute for Public Health Genetics, UW, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaufman, John","contributorId":178964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180015,"text":"70180015 - 2016 - A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase molecular switch occurs in the gills of metamorphic sea lamprey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T11:03:10","indexId":"70180015","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase molecular switch occurs in the gills of metamorphic sea lamprey","docAbstract":"Carbonic anhydrase plays a key role in CO2 transport, acid-base and ion regulation and metabolic processes in vertebrates. While several carbonic anhydrase isoforms have been identified in numerous vertebrate species, basal lineages such as the cyclostomes have remained largely unexamined. Here we investigate the repertoire of cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), that has a complex life history marked by a dramatic metamorphosis from a benthic filter-feeding ammocoete larvae into a parasitic juvenile which migrates from freshwater to seawater. We have identified a novel carbonic anhydrase gene (ca19) beyond the single carbonic anhydrase gene (ca18) that was known previously. Phylogenetic analysis and synteny studies suggest that both carbonic anhydrase genes form one or two independent gene lineages and are most likely duplicates retained uniquely in cyclostomes. Quantitative PCR of ca19 and ca18 and protein expression in gill across metamorphosis show that the ca19 levels are highest in ammocoetes and decrease during metamorphosis while ca18 shows the opposite pattern with the highest levels in post-metamorphic juveniles. We propose that a unique molecular switch occurs during lamprey metamorphosis resulting in distinct gill carbonic anhydrases reflecting the contrasting life modes and habitats of these life-history stages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep33954","usgsCitation":"Ferreira-Martins, D., McCormick, S.D., Campos, A., Lopes-Marques, M., Osorio, H., Coimbra, J., Castro, L., and Wilson, J.M., 2016, A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase molecular switch occurs in the gills of metamorphic sea lamprey: Scientific Reports, v. 6, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33954.","productDescription":"Article 33954; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-068593","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33954","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58863a11e4b0cad700058b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferreira-Martins, D.","contributorId":178547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferreira-Martins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campos, A.","contributorId":178549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campos","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lopes-Marques, M.","contributorId":178550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes-Marques","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osorio, H.","contributorId":178551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coimbra, J.","contributorId":178552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coimbra","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Castro, L.F.C.","contributorId":178553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castro","given":"L.F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilson, Jonthan M","contributorId":178548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jonthan","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70189528,"text":"70189528 - 2016 - Seismic‐hazard forecast for 2016 including induced and natural earthquakes in the central and eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T13:23:24","indexId":"70189528","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic‐hazard forecast for 2016 including induced and natural earthquakes in the central and eastern United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has produced a one‐year (2016) probabilistic seismic‐hazard assessment for the central and eastern United States (CEUS) that includes contributions from both induced and natural earthquakes that are constructed with probabilistic methods using alternative data and inputs. This hazard assessment builds on our 2016 final model (Petersen et al., 2016) by adding sensitivity studies, illustrating hazard in new ways, incorporating new population data, and discussing potential improvements. The model considers short‐term seismic activity rates (primarily 2014–2015) and assumes that the activity rates will remain stationary over short time intervals. The final model considers different ways of categorizing induced and natural earthquakes by incorporating two equally weighted earthquake rate submodels that are composed of alternative earthquake inputs for catalog duration, smoothing parameters, maximum magnitudes, and ground‐motion models. These alternatives represent uncertainties on how we calculate earthquake occurrence and the diversity of opinion within the science community. In this article, we also test sensitivity to the minimum moment magnitude between M 4 and M 4.7 and the choice of applying a declustered catalog with b=1.0 rather than the full catalog with b=1.3. We incorporate two earthquake rate submodels: in the informed submodel we classify earthquakes as induced or natural, and in the adaptive submodel we do not differentiate. The alternative submodel hazard maps both depict high hazard and these are combined in the final model. Results depict several ground‐shaking measures as well as intensity and include maps showing a high‐hazard level (1% probability of exceedance in 1 year or greater). Ground motions reach 0.6g horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) in north‐central Oklahoma and southern Kansas, and about 0.2g PGA in the Raton basin of Colorado and New Mexico, in central Arkansas, and in north‐central Texas near Dallas–Fort Worth. The chance of having levels of ground motions corresponding to modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) VI or greater earthquake shaking is 2%–12% per year in north‐central Oklahoma and southern Kansas and New Madrid similar to the chance of damage at sites in high‐hazard portions of California caused by natural earthquakes. Hazard is also significant in the Raton basin of Colorado/New Mexico; north‐central Arkansas; Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas; and in a few other areas. Hazard probabilities are much lower (by about half or more) for exceeding MMI VII or VIII. Hazard is 3‐ to 10‐fold higher near some areas of active‐induced earthquakes than in the 2014 USGS National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM), which did not consider induced earthquakes. This study in conjunction with the LandScan TM Database (2013) indicates that about 8 million people live in areas of active injection wells that have a greater than 1% chance of experiencing damaging ground shaking (MMI≥VI) in 2016. The final model has high uncertainty, and engineers, regulators, and industry should use these assessments cautiously to make informed decisions on mitigating the potential effects of induced and natural earthquakes.
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turtles?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T15:04:22","indexId":"70180996","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are we working towards global research priorities for management and conservation of sea turtles?","docAbstract":"In 2010, an international group of 35 sea turtle researchers refined an initial list of more than 200 research questions into 20 metaquestions that were considered key for management and conservation of sea turtles. These were classified under 5 categories: reproductive biology, biogeography, population ecology, threats and conservation strategies. To obtain a picture of how research is being focused towards these key questions, we undertook a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature (2014 and 2015) attributing papers to the original 20 questions. In total, we reviewed 605 articles in full and from these 355 (59%) were judged to substantively address the 20 key questions, with others focusing on basic science and monitoring. Progress to answering the 20 questions was not uniform, and there were biases regarding focal turtle species, geographic scope and publication outlet. Whilst it offers some meaningful indications as to effort, quantifying peer-reviewed literature output is obviously not the only, and possibly not the best, metric for understanding progress towards informing key conservation and management goals. Along with the literature review, an international group based on the original project consortium was assigned to critically summarise recent progress towards answering each of the 20 questions. We found that significant research is being expended towards global priorities for management and conservation of sea turtles. Although highly variable, there has been significant progress in all the key questions identified in 2010. Undertaking this critical review has highlighted that it may be timely to undertake one or more new prioritizing exercises. For this to have maximal benefit we make a range of recommendations for its execution. These include a far greater engagement with social sciences, widening the pool of contributors and focussing the questions, perhaps disaggregating ecology and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr00801","usgsCitation":"Rees, A., Alfaro-Shigueto, J., Barata, P., Bjorndal, K., Bolten, A., Bourjea, J., Broderick, A., Campbell, L., Cardona, L., Carreras, C., Casale, P., Ceriani, S., Dutton, P., Eguchi, T., Formia, A., Fuentes, M., Fuller, W., Girondot, M., Godfrey, M., Hamann, M., Hart, K.M., Hays, G., Hochscheid, S., Kaska, Y., Jensen, M., Mangel, J., Mortimer, J., Naro-Maciel, E., Ng, C., Nichols, W., Phillott, A., Reina, R., Revuelta, O., Schofield, G., Seminoff, J., Shanker, K., Tomas, J., de Merwe, V., Van Houtan, K., Vander Zanden, H., Wallace, B., Wedemeyer-Strombel, K., Work, T.M., and Godley, B., 2016, Are we working towards global research priorities for management and conservation of sea turtles?: Endangered Species Research, v. 31, p. 337-382, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00801.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"382","ipdsId":"IP-082591","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National 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south-central Kansas, which is part of the High Plains aquifer, serves as a source of water for municipal and agricultural users in the area. The city of Wichita has used the Equus Beds aquifer as one of its primary water sources since the 1940s. The aquifer in and around Wichita’s well field reached historically low water levels in 1993, prompting the city to adopt new water-use and conservation strategies to ensure future water supply needs were met. Part of the plan was to initiate a managed aquifer recharge program called the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery project. The goal of the managed aquifer recharge program is to artificially recharge the Equus Beds aquifer with treated water from the Little Arkansas River. As part of the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery project, the city of Wichita and the U.S. Geological Survey have partnered in a long-term cooperative study to monitor and describe the quantity and quality of the water in the Equus Beds aquifer and the Little Arkansas River.
The city of Wichita, the Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2, the Kansas Department of Agriculture–Division of Water Resources, and the U.S. Geological Survey collected groundwater levels in numerous wells screened in the Equus Beds aquifer in the area in and around Wichita’s well field in January 2016. The measurements were used to interpolate potentiometric surfaces for shallow and deep parts of the aquifer in the study area. These potentiometric surfaces were compared with potentiometric surfaces from previous years to estimate changes in water levels and storage volume in the study area.
Groundwater levels were generally higher in January 2016 than they were in January 2015. On average, in January 2016, groundwater levels in the shallow part of the aquifer were about 3.4 feet higher and groundwater levels in the deep part of the aquifer were about 3.8 feet higher than in January 2015. The volume of water stored in the study area decreased by about 74,000 acre-feet between predevelopment (the time period before substantial pumpage began in the 1940s) and January 2016; increased by about 121,000 acre-feet between the historic low in 1993 and January 2016; and increased by about 61,000 acre-feet between January 2015 and January 2016. About 62 percent of the storage volume lost between predevelopment and 1993 has been recovered. The increase in storage volume from January 2015 to January 2016 can probably be attributed to less pumping by the city of Wichita and irrigators, more recharge due to higher-than-average precipitation, and higher volumes of artificial recharge in 2015.
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U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
http://ks.water.usgs.gov
Results from a highly idealized, 2-D computational model indicate that dynamic normal-stress rarefactions might cause friction reduction in long-runout landslides, but the physical relevance of the idealized dynamics has not been confirmed by experimental tests. More importantly, the model results provide no evidence that refutes alternative hypotheses about friction reduction mechanisms. One alternative hypothesis, which is strongly supported by field evidence, experimental data, and the predictions of a well-constrained computational model, involves development of high pore fluid pressures in deforming landslide material or overridden bed material. However, no scientific basis exists for concluding that a universal mechanism is responsible for friction reduction in all long-runout landslides.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2016JF003979","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 2016, Comment on “The reduction of friction in long-runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon” by Brandon C. Johnson et al.: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 121, no. 11, p. 2238-2242, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003979.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2238","endPage":"2242","ipdsId":"IP-076543","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f0fe4b0cd2dabe7c4a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179272,"text":"70179272 - 2016 - Overcoming challenges to the recovery of declining amphibian populations in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-27T12:14:13","indexId":"70179272","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overcoming challenges to the recovery of declining amphibian populations in the United States","docAbstract":"The US Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) affords many potential benefits to species threatened with extinction. However, most at-risk amphibians—one of the most imperiled vertebrate groups—remain unlisted under the provisions of the ESA, and many impediments to recovery exist for those species that have been listed. Of the 35 US amphibian species and distinct population segments (“taxa”) listed under the ESA, 40% currently lack a final (completed) recovery plan, 28.6% lack designated critical habitat, and 8.6% lack both. For taxa that have recovery plans, the time between their listing and the development of those plans was from 2 to 29 years, and the time between their listing and the designation of critical habitat ranged from 0 to 14 years. The underlying causes of such delays in protection are complex and constitute obstacles to recovery of imperiled species. We outline a series of strategic actions by which these challenges may be overcome.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biw153","usgsCitation":"Walls, S.C., Ball, L.C., Barichivich, W.J., Dodd, K., Enge, K.M., Gorman, T.A., O’Donnell, K., Palis, J.G., and Semlitsch, R.D., 2016, Overcoming challenges to the recovery of declining amphibian populations in the United States: BioScience, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw153.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076734","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw153","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332539,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw153"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58638bd2e4b0cd2dabe7bea8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155 swalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":138952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan","email":"swalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Lianne C. 0000-0001-9331-0718 lball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9331-0718","contributorId":4274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lianne","email":"lball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barichivich, William J. 0000-0003-1103-6861 wbarichivich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":3697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"William","email":"wbarichivich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dodd, Kenneth","contributorId":177671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodd","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Enge, Kevin M","contributorId":177669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Enge","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gorman, Thomas A.","contributorId":169673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorman","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Donnell, Katherine M. 0000-0001-9023-174X kmodonnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9023-174X","contributorId":176897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Katherine M.","email":"kmodonnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Palis, John G","contributorId":177670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palis","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Semlitsch, Raymond D.","contributorId":174906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70179256,"text":"70179256 - 2016 - Designing occupancy studies when false-positive detections occur","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-27T11:42:01","indexId":"70179256","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Designing occupancy studies when false-positive detections occur","docAbstract":"1.Recently, estimators have been developed to estimate occupancy probabilities when false-positive detections occur during presence-absence surveys. Some of these estimators combine different types of survey data to improve estimates of occupancy. With these estimators, there is a tradeoff between the number of sample units surveyed, and the number and type of surveys at each sample unit. Guidance on efficient design of studies when false positives occur is unavailable.
2.For a range of scenarios, I identified survey designs that minimized the mean square error of the estimate of occupancy. I considered an approach that uses one survey method and two observation states and an approach that uses two survey methods. For each approach, I used numerical methods to identify optimal survey designs when model assumptions were met and parameter values were correctly anticipated, when parameter values were not correctly anticipated, and when the assumption of no unmodelled detection heterogeneity was violated.
3.Under the approach with two observation states, false positive detections increased the number of recommended surveys, relative to standard occupancy models. If parameter values could not be anticipated, pessimism about detection probabilities avoided poor designs. Detection heterogeneity could require more or fewer repeat surveys, depending on parameter values. If model assumptions were met, the approach with two survey methods was inefficient. However, with poor anticipation of parameter values, with detection heterogeneity, or with removal sampling schemes, combining two survey methods could improve estimates of occupancy.
4.Ignoring false positives can yield biased parameter estimates, yet false positives greatly complicate the design of occupancy studies. Specific guidance for major types of false-positive occupancy models, and for two assumption violations common in field data, can conserve survey resources. This guidance can be used to design efficient monitoring programs and studies of species occurrence, species distribution, or habitat selection, when false positives occur during surveys.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.12617","usgsCitation":"Clement, M., 2016, Designing occupancy studies when false-positive detections occur: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, no. 12, p. 1529-1547, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12617.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1529","endPage":"1547","ipdsId":"IP-073228","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12617","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332511,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.12617/abstract"}],"volume":"7","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58638bd3e4b0cd2dabe7beac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clement, Matthew mclement@usgs.gov","contributorId":138815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"Matthew","email":"mclement@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70181022,"text":"70181022 - 2016 - Space use and habitat selection by resident and transient red wolves (Canis rufus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-11T15:58:46","indexId":"70181022","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space use and habitat selection by resident and transient red wolves (Canis rufus)","docAbstract":"Recovery of large carnivores remains a challenge because complex spatial dynamics that facilitate population persistence are poorly understood. In particular, recovery of the critically endangered red wolf (Canis rufus) has been challenging because of its vulnerability to extinction via human-caused mortality and hybridization with coyotes (Canis latrans). Therefore, understanding red wolf space use and habitat selection is important to assist recovery because key aspects of wolf ecology such as interspecific competition, foraging, and habitat selection are well-known to influence population dynamics and persistence. During 2009–2011, we used global positioning system (GPS) radio-telemetry to quantify space use and 3rd-order habitat selection for resident and transient red wolves on the Albemarle Peninsula of eastern North Carolina. The Albemarle Peninsula was a predominantly agricultural landscape in which red wolves maintained spatially stable home ranges that varied between 25 km2 and 190 km2. Conversely, transient red wolves did not maintain home ranges and traversed areas between 122 km2 and 681 km2. Space use by transient red wolves was not spatially stable and exhibited shifting patterns until residency was achieved by individual wolves. Habitat selection was similar between resident and transient red wolves in which agricultural habitats were selected over forested habitats. However, transients showed stronger selection for edges and roads than resident red wolves. Behaviors of transient wolves are rarely reported in studies of space use and habitat selection because of technological limitations to observed extensive space use and because they do not contribute reproductively to populations. Transients in our study comprised displaced red wolves and younger dispersers that competed for limited space and mating opportunities. Therefore, our results suggest that transiency is likely an important life-history strategy for red wolves that facilitates metapopulation dynamics through short- and long-distance movements and eventual replacement of breeding residents lost to mortality.
The relationship between traditional metrics of research impact (e.g., number of citations) and alternative metrics (altmetrics) such as Twitter activity are of great interest, but remain imprecisely quantified. We used generalized linear mixed modeling to estimate the relative effects of Twitter activity, journal impact factor, and time since publication on Web of Science citation rates of 1,599 primary research articles from 20 ecology journals published from 2012–2014. We found a strong positive relationship between Twitter activity (i.e., the number of unique tweets about an article) and number of citations. Twitter activity was a more important predictor of citation rates than 5-year journal impact factor. Moreover, Twitter activity was not driven by journal impact factor; the ‘highest-impact’ journals were not necessarily the most discussed online. The effect of Twitter activity was only about a fifth as strong as time since publication; accounting for this confounding factor was critical for estimating the true effects of Twitter use. Articles in impactful journals can become heavily cited, but articles in journals with lower impact factors can generate considerable Twitter activity and also become heavily cited. Authors may benefit from establishing a strong social media presence, but should not expect research to become highly cited solely through social media promotion. Our research demonstrates that altmetrics and traditional metrics can be closely related, but not identical. We suggest that both altmetrics and traditional citation rates can be useful metrics of research impact.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0166570","usgsCitation":"Peoples, B.K., Midway, S.R., Sackett, D.K., Lynch, A., and Cooney, P.B., 2016, Twitter predicts citation rates of ecological research: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 11, e0166570; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166570.","productDescription":"e0166570; 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077000","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166570","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585a51a9e4b01224f329b5db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peoples, Brandon K.","contributorId":177551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peoples","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Midway, Stephen R.","contributorId":172159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Midway","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sackett, Dana K.","contributorId":141232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sackett","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lynch, Abigail 0000-0001-8449-8392 ajlynch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":169460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","email":"ajlynch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooney, Patrick B.","contributorId":141249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooney","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179081,"text":"70179081 - 2016 - Plague cycles in two rodent species from China: Dry years might provide context for epizootics in wet years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T09:10:46","indexId":"70179081","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plague cycles in two rodent species from China: Dry years might provide context for epizootics in wet years","docAbstract":"Plague, a rodent-associated, flea-borne zoonosis, is one of the most notorious diseases in history. Rates of plague transmission can increase when fleas are abundant. Fleas commonly desiccate and die when reared under dry conditions in laboratories, suggesting fleas will be suppressed during droughts in the wild, thus reducing the rate at which plague spreads among hosts. In contrast, fleas might increase in abundance when precipitation is plentiful, producing epizootic outbreaks during wet years. We tested these hypotheses using a 27-yr data set from two rodents in Inner Mongolia, China: Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). For both species of rodents, fleas were most abundant during years preceded by dry growing seasons. For gerbils, the prevalence of plague increased during wet years preceded by dry growing seasons. If precipitation is scarce during the primary growing season, succulent plants decline in abundance and, consequently, herbivorous rodents can suffer declines in body condition. Fleas produce more offspring and better survive when parasitizing food-limited hosts, because starving animals tend to exhibit inefficient behavioral and immunological defenses against fleas. Further, rodent burrows might buffer fleas from xeric conditions aboveground during dry years. After a dry year, fleas might be abundant due to the preceding drought, and if precipitation and succulent plants become more plentiful, rodents could increase in density, thereby creating connectivity that facilitates the spread of plague. Moreover, in wet years, mild temperatures might increase the efficiency at which fleas transmit the plague bacterium, while also helping fleas to survive as they quest among hosts. In this way, dry years could provide context for epizootics of plague in wet years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1495","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., Biggins, D.E., Xu, L., and Liu, Q., 2016, Plague cycles in two rodent species from China: Dry years might provide context for epizootics in wet years: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 10, e01495; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1495.","productDescription":"e01495; 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077713","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1495","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","volume":"7","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5853ba38e4b0e2663625f2ac","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1495","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1495","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Eads David A., Biggins Dean E., Xu Lei, Liu Qiyong","journalName":"Ecosphere","publicationDate":"10/2016","auditedOn":"11/13/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":655962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Lei","contributorId":177492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Qiyong","contributorId":177493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Qiyong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179023,"text":"70179023 - 2016 - Changing agricultural practices: Potential consequences to aquatic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:05:12","indexId":"70179023","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing agricultural practices: Potential consequences to aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"Agricultural practices pose threats to biotic diversity in freshwater systems with increasing use of glyphosate-based herbicides for weed control and animal waste for soil amendment becoming common in many regions. Over the past two decades, these particular agricultural trends have corresponded with marked declines in populations of fish and mussel species in the Upper Conasauga River watershed in Georgia/Tennessee, USA. To investigate the potential role of agriculture in the population declines, surface waters and sediments throughout the basin were tested for toxicity and analyzed for glyphosate, metals, nutrients, and steroid hormones. Assessments of chronic toxicity with Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca indicated that few water or sediment samples were harmful and metal concentrations were generally below impairment levels. Glyphosate was not observed in surface waters, although its primary degradation product, aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), was detected in 77% of the samples (mean = 509 μg/L, n = 99) and one or both compounds were measured in most sediment samples. Waterborne AMPA concentrations supported an inference that surfactants associated with glyphosate may be present at levels sufficient to affect early life stages of mussels. Nutrient enrichment of surface waters was widespread with nitrate (mean = 0.7 mg NO3-N/L, n = 179) and phosphorus (mean = 275 μg/L, n = 179) exceeding levels associated with eutrophication. Hormone concentrations in sediments were often above those shown to cause endocrine disruption in fish and appear to reflect the widespread application of poultry litter and manure. Observed species declines may be at least partially due to hormones, although excess nutrients and herbicide surfactants may also be implicated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-016-5691-7","usgsCitation":"Lasier, P.J., Urich, M.L., Hassan, S.M., Jacobs, W.N., Bringolf, R.B., and Owens, K.M., 2016, Changing agricultural practices: Potential consequences to aquatic organisms: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 188, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5691-7.","productDescription":"Article 672; 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-070145","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"188","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116b8e4b08138bf1abd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasier, Peter J.","contributorId":6178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urich, Matthew L.","contributorId":127367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urich","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6918,"text":"Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hassan, Sayed M.","contributorId":90027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassan","given":"Sayed","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobs, Whitney N.","contributorId":177444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Whitney","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bringolf, Robert B.","contributorId":139241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bringolf","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owens, Kathleen M.","contributorId":177445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owens","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182261,"text":"70182261 - 2016 - Ground squirrel shooting and potential lead exposure in breeding avian scavengers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:19:18","indexId":"70182261","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground squirrel shooting and potential lead exposure in breeding avian scavengers","docAbstract":"Recreational ground squirrel shooting is a popular activity throughout the western United States and serves as a tool for managing ground squirrel populations in agricultural regions. Belding’s ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) are routinely shot in California, Nevada, and Oregon across habitats that overlap with breeding avian scavengers. Ground squirrels shot with lead (Pb)-based bullets may pose a risk to avian scavengers if they consume carcasses containing Pb fragments. To assess the potential risk to breeding avian scavengers we developed a model to estimate the number, mass, and distribution of Pb fragments in shot ground squirrels using radiographic images. Eighty percent of shot carcasses contained detectible Pb fragments with an average of 38.6 mg of Pb fragments. Seven percent of all carcasses contained Pb fragment masses exceeding a lethal dose for a model raptor nestling (e.g. American kestrel Falco sparverius). Bullet type did not influence the number of fragments in shot ground squirrels, but did influence the mass of fragments retained. Belding’s ground squirrels shot with .17 Super Mag and unknown ammunition types contained over 28 and 17 times more mass of Pb fragments than those shot with .22 solid and .22 hollow point bullets, respectively. Ground squirrel body mass was positively correlated with both the number and mass of Pb fragments in carcasses, increasing on average by 76% and 56% respectively across the range of carcass masses. Although the mass of Pb retained in ground squirrel carcasses was small relative to the original bullet mass, avian scavenger nestlings that frequently consume shot ground squirrels may be at risk for Pb-induced effects (e.g., physiology, growth, or survival). Using modeling efforts we found that if nestling golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), and Swainson’s hawks (B. swainsoni) consumed shot ground squirrels proportionately to the nestling’s mass, energy needs, and diet, 100% of the nestling period would exceed a 50% reduction in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase production threshold, the last 13–27% of the nestling stage would exceed a reduced growth rate threshold, but no nestlings would be expected to exceed a level of Pb ingestion that would be lethal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0167926","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Wagner, M.T., 2016, Ground squirrel shooting and potential lead exposure in breeding avian scavengers: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 12, Article e0167926; 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167926.","productDescription":"Article e0167926; 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-078699","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470329,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167926","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337384,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HM56J1","text":"Bullet fragments in Belding's ground squirrels in Oregon and California in 2014-2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","county":"Lake County, Malheur County, Siskiyou County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.72066497802733,\n 43.40454862814641\n ],\n [\n -118.70899200439453,\n 43.40454862814641\n ],\n [\n -118.70899200439453,\n 43.414275651763674\n ],\n [\n -118.72066497802733,\n 43.414275651763674\n ],\n [\n -118.72066497802733,\n 43.40454862814641\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.95020294189452,\n 43.23494833218762\n ],\n [\n -120.92445373535155,\n 43.23494833218762\n ],\n [\n -120.92445373535155,\n 43.25545538602179\n ],\n [\n -120.95020294189452,\n 43.25545538602179\n ],\n [\n -120.95020294189452,\n 43.23494833218762\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.70997619628908,\n 41.82199022070215\n ],\n [\n -121.69143676757811,\n 41.82199022070215\n ],\n [\n -121.69143676757811,\n 41.83887416186901\n ],\n [\n -121.70997619628908,\n 41.83887416186901\n ],\n [\n -121.70997619628908,\n 41.82199022070215\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb13ae4b01ccd54f9ee16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, Mason T.","contributorId":182024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Mason","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178824,"text":"70178824 - 2016 - Predictors of current and longer-term patterns of abundance of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) across a leading-edge protected area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:23:47","indexId":"70178824","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictors of current and longer-term patterns of abundance of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) across a leading-edge protected area","docAbstract":"American pikas (Ochotona princeps) have been heralded as indicators of montane-mammal response to contemporary climate change. Pikas no longer occupy the driest and lowest-elevation sites in numerous parts of their geographic range. Conversely, pikas have exhibited higher rates of occupancy and persistence in Rocky Mountain and Sierra Nevada montane ‘mainlands’. Research and monitoring efforts on pikas across the western USA have collectively shown the nuance and complexity with which climate will often act on species in diverse topographic and climatic contexts. However, to date no studies have investigated habitat, distribution, and abundance of pikas across hundreds of sites within a remote wilderness area. Additionally, relatively little is known about whether climate acts most strongly on pikas through direct or indirect (e.g., vegetation-mediated) mechanisms. During 2007–2009, we collectively hiked >16,000 km throughout the 410,077-ha Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, in an effort to identify topographic, microrefugial, and vegetative characteristics predictive of pika abundance. We identified 411 apparently pika-suitable habitat patches with binoculars (in situ), and surveyed 314 of them for pika signs. Ranking of alternative logistic-regression models based on AICc scores revealed that short-term pika abundances were positively associated with intermediate elevations, greater cover of mosses, and taller forbs, and decreased each year, for a total decline of 68% during the three-year study; whereas longer-term abundances were associated only with static variables (longitude, elevation, gradient) and were lower on north-facing slopes. Earlier Julian date and time of day of the survey (i.e., midday vs. not) were associated with lower observed pika abundance. We recommend that wildlife monitoring account for this seasonal and diel variation when surveying pikas. Broad-scale information on status and abundance determinants of montane mammals, especially for remote protected areas, is crucial for land and wildlife-resource managers trying to anticipate mammalian responses to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0167051","usgsCitation":"Moyer-Horner, L., Beever, E.A., Johnson, D.H., Beil, M., and Belt, J., 2016, Predictors of current and longer-term patterns of abundance of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) across a leading-edge protected area: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 11, e0167051; 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167051.","productDescription":"e0167051; 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-076253","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","volume":"11","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584a7f78e4b07e29c706dd27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyer-Horner, Lucas","contributorId":174453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyer-Horner","given":"Lucas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beil, Mark","contributorId":177313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beil","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belt, Jami","contributorId":177314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belt","given":"Jami","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}