Millions of pounds of mercury (Hg) were deposited in the river and stream channels of the Sierra Nevada from placer and hard-rock mining operations in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The resulting contaminated sediments are relatively harmless when buried and isolated from the overlying aquatic environment. The entrained Hg in the sediment constitutes a potential risk to human and ecosystem health should it be reintroduced to the actively cycling portion of the aquatic system, where it can become methylated and subsequently bioaccumulated in the food web. Each year, sediment is mobilized within these fluvial systems during high stormflows, transporting hundreds of tons of Hg-laden sediment downstream. The State of California and resource-management agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service, are concerned about additional disturbances, such as from suction gold dredging activities, which have the potential to mobilize Hg associated with buried sediment layers elevated in Hg that are otherwise likely to remain buried under normal storm conditions.
The BLM initiated a study looking at the feasibility of removing Hg-contaminated sediment at the confluence of the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek in the northern Sierra Nevada of California by using standard suction-dredge technology. Additionally, the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) supported a comprehensive characterization of the intended dredge site. Together, the BLM and SWRCB supported a comprehensive characterization of Hg contamination at the site and the potential effects of sediment disturbance at locations with historical hydraulic mining debris on downstream environments. The comprehensive study consisted of two primary components: field studies and laboratory experiments. The field component, described in this report, had several study elements: 1) a preliminary, smallscale, in-stream dredge test; 2) comprehensive characterization of grain size distribution, Hg speciation, and mineralogy of bed and suspended sediment; 3) a determination of the past and current sources of sediment in the study area; 4) an assessment of Hg bioaccumulation in the local invertebrate population; and 5) a comparison of potential Hg transport caused by natural storm disturbances with potential Hg mobilization caused by suction dredging as a method of Hg removal at the study site. The laboratory component of the study assessed the potential influence of the disturbance of Hg-contaminated sediment through experiments designed to simulate in-stream transport, deposition, and potential methylation of Hg, described in a companion report (see Marvin-DiPasquale and others, 2011).
Results of the field studies indicate that the fine-grained fraction (silt-clay, less than 0.063 millimeters) contains the greatest concentration of Hg in contaminated sediment. Because the fine-grained fraction is the most susceptible to longrange fluvial transport, disturbance of Hg-contaminated sediment is likely to increase the concentration and load of Hg in downstream waters. The preliminary, small-scale dredge test showed an increase in the concentration of fine particles and Hg in the water column caused by the dredge activity, despite relatively low concentrations of fine particles and Hg (about 300 nanograms per gram) at the dredge site. Characterization of sediment from two test pits and other sites in the vicinity of the confluence of the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek revealed a highly variable distribution of fine- and coarse-grained sediment. The highest levels of Hg contamination (up to 11,100 ng/g) were associated with the fine-grained fraction of sediment from the bedrock contact zone of Pit 2, a horizon which also yielded grains of gold and gold-Hg amalgam.
A closed-circuit tank experiment with a venturi dredge at the base of Pit 1, in a gravel bar within the South Yuba River, resulted in fine-grained suspended sediment remaining in suspension more than 40 hours following the disturbance simulation. Although the volumetric concentration of Hg declined over time as particles settled out, the concentration of Hg on the suspended particles increased over time as the suspended material became finer grained, because Hg is preferentially adsorbed on to clay-sized particles. Mineralogical and chemical analyses indicated that the buried fine-grained material with the greatest Hg contamination was derived from hydraulic mining debris, which consist primarily of Eocene gravels mined in the Malakoff Diggins, North Bloomfield, and Lake City areas within the South Yuba River watershed. Coarse material and more recently deposited sediment were derived primarily from upstream sources on the South Yuba River.
The biota assessment indicated that invertebrate taxa collected from all sites on the South Yuba River in 2007, including lower Humbug Creek, had elevated concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) compared to a reference site on the Bear River, upstream of mining effects. Differences with the reference site were less pronounced in 2008 when a significant reduction in MeHg concentrations was observed in biota across all taxa from concentrations in 2007. It is possible that the inter-annual variation was related to the fact that suction dredging was active in the South Yuba River in 2007 but not in 2008 when a local moratorium was imposed by the BLM. There were significant variations among taxa for both THg and MeHg concentrations, with the water striders (Gerridae) having the highest concentrations of both THg and MeHg; variation among sites was not as strong as between years or among taxa. These results suggest that additional monitoring would be helpful to investigate the possible linkage between variations in MeHg bioaccumulation and levels of suction dredge activity in areas of historical gold mining.
Results from the field studies indicate that disturbance of the finegrained Hg-contaminated sediment would likely lead to enhanced mobilization of Hg to downstream environments; therefore, the use of suction dredging to remove Hg at the South Yuba River and Humbug Creek confluence area would likely result in enhanced Hg transport downstream relative to natural conditions.
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This publication describes and provides access to an easy-to-use coastal SST dataset for ecologists, biogeographers, oceanographers, and other scientists conducting research on nearshore marine habitats or processes. The data cover the Temperate Northern Pacific Ocean as defined by the 'Marine Ecosystems of the World' (MEOW) biogeographic schema developed by The Nature Conservancy. The spatial resolution of the SST data is 4-km grid cells within 20 km of the shore. The data span a 29-year period - from September 1981 to December 2009. These SST data were derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument measurements compiled into monthly means as part of the Pathfinder versions 5.0 and 5.1 (PFSST V50 and V51) Project. The processing methods used to transform the data from their native Hierarchical Data Format Scientific Data Set (HDF SDS) to georeferenced, spatial datasets capable of being read into geographic information systems (GIS) software are explained. In addition, links are provided to examples of scripts involved in the data processing steps. The scripts were written in the Python programming language, which is supported by ESRI's ArcGIS version 9 or later. The processed data files are also provided in text (.csv) and Access 2003 Database (.mdb) formats. 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Understanding and controlling invasive species is thus an important priority within the NPS (National Park Service, 1996). The slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) is one such invasive species. Native to the Southeastern United States (Ernst and Lovich, 2009), as well as Mexico, Central America, and portions of South America (Ernst and Barbour, 1989), the slider turtle has become established throughout the continental United States and in other locations around the world (Burke and others, 2000). Slider turtle introductions have been suspected to be a threat to native turtles (Holland 1994; da Silva and Blasco, 1995), however, there has not been serious study of their effects until recently. Cadi and Joly (2003) found that slider turtles outcompeted European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) for preferred basking sites under controlled experimental conditions, demonstrating for the first time direct competition for resources between a native and an exotic turtle species. Similarly, Spinks and others (2003) suggested that competition for basking sites between slider turtles and Pacific pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) was partly responsible for the decline of Pacific pond turtles observed at their study site in California. They concluded that the impact of introduced slider turtles was 'almost certainly negative' for the western pond turtle. In the most recent critical study to assess the effects of introduced slider turtles on native turtles, Cadi and Joly (2004) demonstrated that European pond turtles that were kept under experimentally controlled conditions with slider turtles lost body weight and exhibited higher rates of mortality than in control groups of turtles comprised of the same species, demonstrating potential population-level effects on native species. Slider turtles are not native to Arizona but have been introduced in several areas in the southern and central part of the State, including Montezuma Well (the Well). The only native turtle at the Well is the Sonora mud turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense). Interactions between sliders and mud turtles have not been investigated at the Well or elsewhere. However, basking sites preferred by aquatic turtles are rare at the Well, suggesting one potential avenue for resource competition between sliders and Sonora mud turtles. In this study, we collected data on both species to evaluate the possible effects of slider turtles on Sonora mud turtles at Montezuma Well. During live trapping in the spring, summer, and early fall of 2007 and 2008, we removed slider turtles that we captured in the Well. We also collected ecological data on the mud turtles captured in the trapping effort. Separate behavioral observations of the turtles in the Well provided additional information on the ecology of the two species in the unusual environment of the Well, and also of interactions between the sliders and mud turtles. In this report, we describe the results of 2 yr of study of the turtles of Montezuma Well. We incorporate older data on the mud turtles in the Well to assess long-term population trends and potential response to the introduced slider turtles. We also report on aspects of basic ecology for the poorly understood Sonora mud turtle. The National Park Service requested that we incorporate public outreach as part of this research effort, so we also describe the outreach efforts associated with the turtle study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101177","collaboration":"In cooperation with National Park Service, Montezuma Castle National Monument ","usgsCitation":"Drost, C.A., Lovich, J.E., Madrak, S.V., and Monatesti, A., 2011, Removal of nonnative slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) and effects on native Sonora mud turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense) at Montezuma Well, Yavapai County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1177, vi, 41 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101177.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1177.gif"},{"id":321482,"rank":201,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1177/of2010-1177.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19221,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.83333333333333,34.666666666666664 ], [ -111.83333333333333,34.75 ], [ -111.75,34.75 ], [ -111.75,34.666666666666664 ], [ -111.83333333333333,34.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6342a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madrak, Sheila V.","contributorId":7403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madrak","given":"Sheila","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monatesti, A.J.","contributorId":98026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monatesti","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9000627,"text":"ofr20111014 - 2011 - Petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline, Texas to Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20111014","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1014","title":"Petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline, Texas to Florida","docAbstract":"Petroleum hydrocarbons were extracted and analyzed from shoreline sediment collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) coastline that could potentially be impacted by Macondo-1 (M-1) well oil. Sediment was collected before M-1 well oil made significant local landfall and analyzed for baseline conditions by a suite of diagnostic petroleum biomarkers. Oil residue in trace quantities was detected in 45 of 69 samples. With the aid of multivariate statistical analysis, three different oil groups, based on biomarker similarity, were identified that were distributed geographically along the nGOM from Texas to Florida. None of the sediment hydrocarbon extracts correlated with the M-1 well oil extract, however, the similarity of tarballs collected at one site (FL-18) with the M-1 well oil suggests that some oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill may have been transported to this site in the Florida Keys, perhaps by a loop current, before that site was sampled.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111014","collaboration":"A Preliminary Report to the U.S. Coast Guard, Part 2","usgsCitation":"Rosenbauer, R.J., Campbell, P.L., Lam, A., Lorenson, T., Hostettler, F.D., Thomas, B., and Wong, F.L., 2011, Petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline, Texas to Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1014, iii, 17 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111014.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1014.gif"},{"id":19220,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida;Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,24 ], [ -96,31 ], [ -80,31 ], [ -80,24 ], [ -96,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6875ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Pamela L.","contributorId":76719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lam, Angela","contributorId":37312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lam","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, Burt","contributorId":95454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Burt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":9000626,"text":"ofr20111048 - 2011 - Predicting spread of invasive exotic plants into dewatered reservoirs after dam removal on the Elwha River, Olympic National Park, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-01T18:24:23.557322","indexId":"ofr20111048","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1048","title":"Predicting spread of invasive exotic plants into dewatered reservoirs after dam removal on the Elwha River, Olympic National Park, Washington","docAbstract":"The National Park Service is planning to start the restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem in Olympic National Park by removing two high head dams beginning in 2011. The potential for dispersal of exotic plants into dewatered reservoirs following dam removal, which would inhibit restoration of native vegetation, is of great concern. We focused on predicting long-distance dispersal of invasive exotic plants rather than diffusive spread because local sources of invasive species have been surveyed. We included the long-distance dispersal vectors: wind, water, birds, beavers, ungulates, and users of roads and trails. Using information about the current distribution of invasive species from two surveys, various geographic information system techniques and models, and statistical methods, we identified high-priority areas for Park staff to treat prior to dam removal, and areas of the dewatered reservoirs at risk after dam removal.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111048","usgsCitation":"Woodward, A., Torgersen, C.E., Chenoweth, J., Beirne, K., and Acker, S., 2011, Predicting spread of invasive exotic plants into dewatered reservoirs after dam removal on the Elwha River, Olympic National Park, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1048, vi, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111048.","productDescription":"vi, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"64","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19219,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1048.jpg"},{"id":390137,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95032.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.6117,\n 47.89056441663247\n ],\n [\n -123.519287109375,\n 47.89056441663247\n ],\n [\n -123.519287109375,\n 48.100094697973795\n ],\n [\n -123.6117,\n 48.100094697973795\n ],\n [\n -123.6117,\n 47.89056441663247\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737 ctorgersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":3578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian","email":"ctorgersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chenoweth, Joshua","contributorId":35054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chenoweth","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beirne, Katherine","contributorId":58754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Acker, Steve","contributorId":95603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acker","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":99081,"text":"ofr20101106 - 2011 - Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2004-November 30, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"ofr20101106","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1106","title":"Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2004-November 30, 2005","docAbstract":"A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered in 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 52nd Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2005 River Master report year; that is, the period from December 1, 2004, to November 30, 2005.\r\n\r\nDuring the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 7.56 in., or 117 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs remained high from December 2004 to May 2005 and reached a record high level on April 3, 2005. Reservoir storage decreased steadily from May to early October, then increased rapidly through the end of November. Delaware River operations throughout the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree.\r\n\r\nDiversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 120 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates-or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs-on all other days.\r\n\r\nDuring the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master.\r\n\r\nAs part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 3 sites on a monthly basis and at 19 sites on a twice-monthly basis.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101106","usgsCitation":"Krejmas, B.E., Paulachok, G.N., and Blanchard, S.F., 2011, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2004-November 30, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1106, vi, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101106.","productDescription":"vi, 86 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-12-01","temporalEnd":"2005-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":217,"text":"Delaware River Master","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1106.gif"},{"id":14530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633b40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krejmas, Bruce E.","contributorId":102501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krejmas","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paulachok, Gary N. gnpaulac@usgs.gov","contributorId":3500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulachok","given":"Gary","email":"gnpaulac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99076,"text":"ofr20111022 - 2011 - Shoreline surveys of oil-impacted marsh in southern Louisiana, July to August 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"ofr20111022","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1022","title":"Shoreline surveys of oil-impacted marsh in southern Louisiana, July to August 2010","docAbstract":"This report describes shoreline surveys conducted in the marshes of Louisiana in areas impacted by oil spilled from the Deepwater Horizon offshore oil drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Three field expeditions were conducted on July 7-10, August 12-14, and August 24-26, 2010, in central Barataria Bay and the Bird's Foot area at the terminus of the Mississippi River delta. This preliminary report includes locations of survey points, a photographic record of each site, field observations of vegetation cover and descriptions of oil coverage in the water and on plants, including measurements of the distance of oil penetration from the shoreline. Oiling in Barataria Bay marshes ranged from lightly oiled sections of stems of the predominant species Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus to wide zones of oil-damaged canopies and broken stems penetrating as far as 19 m into the marsh. For the 34 survey points in Barataria Bay where dimensions of oil damaged zones were measured, the depth of the oil-damaged zone extended, on average, 6.7 m into the marsh, with a standard deviation of 4.5 m. The median depth of penetration was 5.5 m. The extent to which the oil-damaged zone stretched along the shore varied with location but often extended more than 100 m parallel to the shoreline. Oil was observed on the marsh sediment at some sites in Barataria Bay. This oiled sediment was observed both above and a few centimeters below the water surface depending on the level of the tide. Phragmites australis was the dominant vegetation in oil-impacted zones in the Bird's Foot area of the Mississippi River delta. Oiling of the leaves and portions of the thick stems of P. australis was observed during field surveys. In contrast to the marshes of Barataria Bay, fewer areas of oil-damaged canopy were documented in the Bird's Foot area. In both areas, oil was observed to be persistent on the marsh plants from the earliest (July 7) to the latest (August 24) surveys. At sites repeatedly visited in Barataria Bay over this time period, oiled plant stems and leaves, laid over by the weight of the oil, broke and were removed from the vegetation canopy, likely due to tidal action. In these areas, a zone of 2-5 cm high plant stubble remained at the edge of the marsh. Signs of both further degradation and recovery were observed and varied with site. Oil damage to the marsh at some sites resulted in complete reduction of live vegetation cover and erosion of exposed sediments, while other damaged zones had signs of regrowth of vegetation in up to 10 percent of the areal coverage.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111022","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., Heckman, D., Holloway, J., Piazza, S.C., Couvillion, B.R., Steyer, G.D., Mills, C.T., and Hoefen, T.M., 2011, Shoreline surveys of oil-impacted marsh in southern Louisiana, July to August 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1022, xiv, 124 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111022.","productDescription":"xiv, 124 p. 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2011 - Elevation of the March-April 2010 flood high water in selected river reaches in Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"ofr20111029","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1029","title":"Elevation of the March-April 2010 flood high water in selected river reaches in Rhode Island","docAbstract":"A series of widespread, large, low-pressure systems in southern New England in late February through late March 2010 resulted in record, or near record, rainfall and runoff. The total rainfall in the region during this period ranged from about 19 to 25 inches, which coupled with seasonal low evaporation, resulted in record or near record peak flows at 21 of 25 streamgages in Rhode Island and southeastern Massachusetts. The highest record peaks occurred in late March-early April and generally greatly exceeded the earlier March peaks that were near or exceeded the peak of record for 10 of the 25 streamgages. Determination of the flood-peak high-water elevation is a critical part of the recovery operations and post-flood analysis for improving future flood-hazard maps and flood-management practices. High-water marks (HWMs) were identified by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from April 2-7, 2010, and by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) from April 3-7, 2010, in five major river basins including the Blackstone, Hunt, Moshassuck, Pawtuxet, and Woonasquatucket along the mainstems and in many tributaries. The USGS identified 276 HWMs at 137 sites. A site may have more than one HWM, typically upstream and downstream of a bridge. The USACE identified 144 HWMs at 127 sites. The HWMs identified by the USGS and USACE covered about 170 river miles, determined from the upstream and downstream HWMs. Elevation of HWMs were later determined to a standard vertical datum (NAVD 88) using the Global Navigation Satellite System and survey-grade Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers along with standard optical surveying equipment.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., and Bent, G.C., 2011, Elevation of the March-April 2010 flood high water in selected river reaches in Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1029, iv, 34 p.; Zip File , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111029.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.; Zip File ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1029.gif"},{"id":14518,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.83333333333333,41.25 ], [ -71.83333333333333,42 ], [ -71,42 ], [ -71,41.25 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e9ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9000616,"text":"ofr20111013 - 2011 - Monitoring plan for vegetation responses to elk management in Rocky Mountain National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T15:48:52","indexId":"ofr20111013","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1013","title":"Monitoring plan for vegetation responses to elk management in Rocky Mountain National Park","docAbstract":"Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) in north-central Colorado supports numerous species of wildlife, including several large ungulate species among which Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) are the most abundant. Elk are native to RMNP but were extirpated from the area by the late 1800s. They were reintroduced to the area in 1913-1914, and the elk herd grew to the point that it was actively managed from 1944 until 1968. In 1969, the active control of elk was discontinued and since then the herd has increased to a high point ranging from 2,800 to 3,500 between 1997 and 2001. In recent years, there has been growing concern over the condition of vegetation in the park and conflicts between elk and humans, both inside and outside the park. In response to these concerns, RMNP implemented an Elk and Vegetation Management Plan (EVMP) in 2009 to guide management actions in the park over a 20-year time period with the goal of reducing the impacts of elk on vegetation and restoring the natural range of variability in the elk population and affected plant and animal communities. The EVMP outlines the desired future condition for three vegetation communities where the majority of elk herbivory impacts are being observed: aspen, montane riparian willow, and upland herbaceous communities. The EVMP incorporates the principle of adaptive management whereby the effectiveness of management actions is assessed and adjusted as needed to successfully achieve objectives. Determination of whether vegetation objectives are being achieved requires monitoring and evaluation of target vegetation communities. The current report describes the design and implementation of a vegetation-monitoring program to help RMNP managers assess the effectiveness of their management actions and determine when and where to alter actions to achieve the EVMP's vegetation objectives. This monitoring plan details the process of selecting variables to be monitored, overall sampling design and structure, site selection, data collection methods, and statistical analyses to be used to conduct this monitoring program in conjunction with the EVMP. We report the baseline conditions observed at the time of the establishment of monitoring sites. We include detailed field protocols for site establishment and data collection, as well as timetables for sampling, so that RMNP staff will be able to continue monitoring the sites established during this implementation stage, and continue to add new sites when necessary, as the execution of the EVMP proceeds over the next 20 years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111013","usgsCitation":"Zeigenfuss, L., Johnson, T., and Wiebe, Z., 2011, Monitoring plan for vegetation responses to elk management in Rocky Mountain National Park (Originally posted February 28, 2011; Revised July 24, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1013, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111013.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1013.png"},{"id":14519,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.91,40.15 ], [ -105.91,40.55 ], [ -105.49,40.55 ], [ -105.49,40.15 ], [ -105.91,40.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted February 28, 2011; Revised July 24, 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69910f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda 0000-0002-6700-8563 linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Therese L.","contributorId":94005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Therese L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiebe, Zachary","contributorId":72489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiebe","given":"Zachary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99068,"text":"ofr20111031 - 2011 - The users, uses, and value of Landsat and other moderate-resolution satellite imagery in the United States-Executive report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"ofr20111031","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1031","title":"The users, uses, and value of Landsat and other moderate-resolution satellite imagery in the United States-Executive report","docAbstract":"Moderate-resolution imagery (MRI), such as that provided by the Landsat satellites, provides unique spatial information for use by many people both within and outside of the United States (U.S.). However, exactly who these users are, how they use the imagery, and the value and benefits derived from the information are, to a large extent, unknown. To explore these issues, social scientists at the USGS Fort Collins Science Center conducted a study of U.S.-based MRI users from 2008 through 2010 in two parts: 1) a user identification and 2) a user survey. The objectives for this study were to: 1) identify and classify U.S.-based users of this imagery; 2) better understand how and why MRI, and specifically Landsat, is being used; and 3) qualitatively and quantitatively measure the value and societal benefits of MRI (focusing on Landsat specifically). The results of the survey revealed that respondents from multiple sectors use Landsat imagery in many different ways, as demonstrated by the breadth of project locations and scales, as well as application areas. The value of Landsat imagery to these users was demonstrated by the high importance placed on the imagery, the numerous benefits received from projects using Landsat imagery, the negative impacts if Landsat imagery was no longer available, and the substantial willingness to pay for replacement imagery in the event of a data gap. The survey collected information from users who are both part of and apart from the known user community. The diversity of the sample delivered results that provide a baseline of knowledge about the users, uses, and value of Landsat imagery. While the results supply a wealth of information on their own, they can also be built upon through further research to generate a more complete picture of the population of Landsat users as a whole.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111031","usgsCitation":"Miller, H.M., Sexton, N.R., Koontz, L., Loomis, J., Koontz, S.R., and Hermans, C., 2011, The users, uses, and value of Landsat and other moderate-resolution satellite imagery in the United States-Executive report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1031, v, 42 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111031.","productDescription":"v, 42 p. ","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1031.bmp"},{"id":14515,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62f606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Holly M. 0000-0003-0914-7570 millerh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-7570","contributorId":29544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Holly","email":"millerh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":307453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loomis, John","contributorId":60746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koontz, Stephen R.","contributorId":69272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koontz","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hermans, Caroline","contributorId":42680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermans","given":"Caroline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":99066,"text":"ofr20111023 - 2011 - Field reconnaissance report of landslides triggered by the January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:22","indexId":"ofr20111023","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1023","title":"Field reconnaissance report of landslides triggered by the January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111023","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R.W., and Harp, E.L., 2011, Field reconnaissance report of landslides triggered by the January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1023, v, 19 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111023.","productDescription":"v, 19 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1023.png"},{"id":14513,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8ac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99064,"text":"ofr20111042 - 2011 - China's rare-earth industry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"ofr20111042","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-22T21:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1042","title":"China's rare-earth industry","docAbstract":"Introduction China's dominant position as the producer of over 95 percent of the world output of rare-earth minerals and rapid increases in the consumption of rare earths owing to the emergence of new clean-energy and defense-related technologies, combined with China's decisions to restrict exports of rare earths, have resulted in heightened concerns about the future availability of rare earths. As a result, industrial countries such as Japan, the United States, and countries of the European Union face tighter supplies and higher prices for rare earths. This paper briefly reviews China's rare-earth production, consumption, and reserves and the important policies and regulations regarding the production and trade of rare earths, including recently announced export quotas. The 15 lanthanide elements-lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium (atomic numbers 57-71)-were originally known as the rare earths from their occurrence in oxides mixtures. Recently, some researchers have included two other elements-scandium and yttrium-in their discussion of rare earths. Yttrium (atomic number 39), which lies above lanthanum in transition group III of the periodic table and has a similar 3+ ion with a noble gas core, has both atomic and ionic radii similar in size to those of terbium and dysprosium and is generally found in nature with lanthanides. Scandium (atomic number 21) has a smaller ionic radius than yttrium and the lanthanides, and its chemical behavior is intermediate between that of aluminum and the lanthanides. It is found in nature with the lanthanides and yttrium. Rare earths are used widely in high-technology and clean-energy products because they impart special properties of magnetism, luminescence, and strength. Rare earths are also used in weapon systems to obtain the same properties.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111042","usgsCitation":"Tse, P., 2011, China's rare-earth industry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1042, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111042.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1042.gif"},{"id":14509,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 76,15 ], [ 76,50 ], [ 136,50 ], [ 136,15 ], [ 76,15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tse, Pui-Kwan ptse@usgs.gov","contributorId":4601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tse","given":"Pui-Kwan","email":"ptse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99061,"text":"ofr20101118 - 2011 - National Assessment of Shoreline Change; historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:27","indexId":"ofr20101118","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-22T21:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1118","title":"National Assessment of Shoreline Change; historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts","docAbstract":"Beach erosion is a chronic problem along many open-ocean shores of the United States. As coastal populations continue to grow and community infrastructures are threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There is also a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline movement that is consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard, repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline movement so that periodic, systematic, internally consistent updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally. In the case of this study, the shoreline is the interpreted boundary between the ocean water surface and the sandy beach. This report on the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts is the fifth in a series of reports on historical shoreline change. Previous investigations include analyses and descriptive reports of the Gulf of Mexico, the Southeast Atlantic, and, for California, the sandy shoreline and the coastal cliffs. The rates of change presented in this report represent conditions up to the date of the most recent shoreline data and therefore are not intended for predicting future shoreline positions or rates of change. Because of the geomorphology of the New England and Mid-Atlantic (rocky coastlines, large embayments and beaches) as well as data gaps in some areas, this report presents beach erosion rates for 78 percent of the 1,360 kilometers of the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts. The New England and Mid-Atlantic shores were subdivided into a total of 10 analysis regions for the purpose of reporting regional trends in shoreline change rates. The average rate of long-term shoreline change for the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts was -0.5 meters per year with an uncertainty in the long-term trend of plus or minus 0.09 meters per year. The rate is based on shoreline change rates averaged from 21,184 individual transects, of which 68 percent were eroding. In both the long and short term, the average rates of shoreline change for New England and the Mid-Atlantic were erosional. Long-term erosion rates were generally lower in New England than in the Mid-Atlantic. This is a function of the dominant coastal geomorphology; New England has a greater percentage of shore types that tend to erode more slowly (rocky coasts, pocket beaches, and mainland beaches), whereas the Mid-Atlantic is dominated by more vulnerable barrier islands and dynamic spit/inlet environments. However, the percentage of coastline eroding was higher in New England than in the Mid-Atlantic, highlighting that although rates of shoreline erosion may not be extreme, coastal erosion is still widespread along this region of the U.S. coastline. The average rate of short-term shoreline change for the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts was also erosional but the rate of erosion decreased in comparison to long-term rates. The net short-term rate as averaged along 17,045 transects was -0.3 meters per year. Uncertainties for these rates range from 0.06 to 0.1 meters per year depending on the data sources used in the rate calculations. Of transects used to measure short-term change, 60 percent were erosional, as compared to 65 percent of coast eroding in the long term. The slight decrease (5 percent) in the amount of coastline eroding may be related to an increase in the frequency and extent of nourishment programs and (or) the effects of hardened structures during the more recent time period. The most stable (lower rates of erosion) beaches were more commonly found in New England. Despite an overall lowering of the average rates of erosion from long-term to short-term, the amount","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101118","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Himmelstoss, E., Kratzmann, M., List, J., and Thieler, E.R., 2011, National Assessment of Shoreline Change; historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1118, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101118.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1118.gif"},{"id":14510,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":307434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A.","contributorId":24736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kratzmann, Meredith G.","contributorId":11565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzmann","given":"Meredith G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":99060,"text":"ofr20101331 - 2011 - Usage and administration manual for a geodatabase compendium of water-resources data: Rio Grande Basin from the Rio Arriba-Sandoval County line, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas, 1889-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T22:28:23.814197","indexId":"ofr20101331","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1331","title":"Usage and administration manual for a geodatabase compendium of water-resources data: Rio Grande Basin from the Rio Arriba-Sandoval County line, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas, 1889-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, developed a geodatabase compendium (hereinafter referred to as the 'geodatabase') of available water-resources data for the reach of the Rio Grande from Rio Arriba-Sandoval County line, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas. Since 1889, a wealth of water-resources data has been collected in the Rio Grande Basin from Rio Arriba-Sandoval County line, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas, for a variety of purposes. Collecting agencies, researchers, and organizations have included the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Reclamation, International Boundary and Water Commission, State agencies, irrigation districts, municipal water utilities, universities, and other entities. About 1,750 data records were recently (2010) evaluated to enhance their usability by compiling them into a single geospatial relational database (geodatabase). This report is intended as a user's manual and administration guide for the geodatabase. All data available, including water quality, water level, and discharge data (both instantaneous and daily) from January 1, 1889, through December 17, 2009, were compiled for the study area. A flexible and efficient geodatabase design was used, enhancing the ability of the geodatabase to handle data from diverse sources and helping to ensure sustainability of the geodatabase with long-term maintenance. Geodatabase tables include daily data values, site locations and information, sample event information, and parameters, as well as data sources and collecting agencies. The end products of this effort are a comprehensive water-resources geodatabase that enables the visualization of primary sampling sites for surface discharges, groundwater elevations, and water-quality and associated data for the study area. In addition, repeatable data processing scripts, Structured Query Language queries for loading prepared data sources, and a detailed process for refreshing all data in the compendium have been developed. The geodatabase functionality allows users to explore spatial characteristics of the data, conduct spatial analyses, and pose questions to the geodatabase in the form of queries. Users can also customize and extend the geodatabase, combine it with other databases, or use the geodatabase design for other water-resources applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101331","collaboration":"In cooperation with the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission","usgsCitation":"Burley, T.E., 2011, Usage and administration manual for a geodatabase compendium of water-resources data: Rio Grande Basin from the Rio Arriba-Sandoval County line, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas, 1889-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1331, viii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101331.","productDescription":"viii, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425890,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94973.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125965,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1331.bmp"},{"id":14505,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1331/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.95263671874999,\n 29.32472016151103\n ],\n [\n -104.34814453125,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -106.20483398437499,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -106.600341796875,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -106.14990234375,\n 35.16482750605027\n ],\n [\n -106.051025390625,\n 35.37113502280101\n ],\n [\n -106.336669921875,\n 35.65729624809628\n ],\n [\n -106.710205078125,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -106.63330078125,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -107.16064453125,\n 36.53612263184686\n ],\n [\n -107.325439453125,\n 36.00467348670187\n ],\n [\n -107.808837890625,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -108.072509765625,\n 33.75174787568194\n ],\n [\n -108.08349609375,\n 32.82421110161336\n ],\n [\n -107.918701171875,\n 32.287132632616355\n ],\n [\n -106.85302734374999,\n 31.812229022640732\n ],\n [\n -106.41357421875,\n 31.756196257571325\n ],\n [\n -106.12792968749999,\n 31.419288124288357\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 31.25037814985571\n ],\n [\n -105.380859375,\n 30.836214626064844\n ],\n [\n -104.96337890625,\n 30.64736425824319\n ],\n [\n -104.710693359375,\n 30.21160822381693\n ],\n [\n -104.666748046875,\n 29.907329376851553\n ],\n [\n -104.34814453125,\n 29.506549442788618\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 29.32472016151103\n ],\n [\n -103.95263671874999,\n 29.32472016151103\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60522a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burley, Thomas E. 0000-0002-2235-8092 teburley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-8092","contributorId":3499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burley","given":"Thomas","email":"teburley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99054,"text":"ofr20111019 - 2011 - Geophysical and flow-weighted natural-contaminant characterization of three water-supply wells in New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:55:42","indexId":"ofr20111019","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1019","title":"Geophysical and flow-weighted natural-contaminant characterization of three water-supply wells in New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Three bedrock water-supply systems in New Hampshire were studied, using borehole geophysics and flow-weighted sampling techniques, to determine the sources and distribution of natural contaminants in water entering the boreholes and to assess whether borehole modifications might be used to reduce contaminant levels. Well water in more than 100 community water-supply systems in New Hampshire have natural contaminants, such as arsenic and uranium, above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels of 10 and 30 micrograms per liter, respectively. The water-system wells were studied to identify fractional contributions of natural contaminants from specific fracture zones. The yields and flow-weighted contaminant levels of such fracture zones were assessed to determine if a modification of the borehole might lead to a reduction in the system’s contaminant levels.
\nThe water-supply systems investigated were typical of small community water systems in New Hampshire where a water system may serve 100 connections or less. Each water system consisted of two wells, approximately 300 to 400 feet deep, in generally low-yielding (about 10 gallons per minute or less) crystalline bedrock. The wells were typically operated a few hours per day to fill a storage tank and had tens of feet of drawdown caused by the low well yields. The systems selected had contaminant concentrations slightly above MCL, or a low-level contamination. One of the water systems investigated had low-level (10 to 24 micrograms per liter) arsenic contamination, and two of the water systems had low-level uranium (30 to 40 micrograms per liter) contamination. The contaminant values were blended-water concentrations from the two wells in a system. Each water system had differences in contaminant concentrations between the two wells. In each case, the well with the greater concentration of the two was selected for investigation. In two of the three systems investigated, there was either not enough variation in the borehole contaminant concentration or not enough water-yielding fractures for borehole modifications to be a viable potential remedy to elevated contamination. However, borehole and contaminant conditions in one of the bedrock supply-well systems may be favorable to potential improvement of supplied water by borehole modification where selected fracture zones are sealed off from supplying water to the well.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Mack, T.J., Belaval, M., Degnan, J.R., Roy, S.J., and Ayotte, J., 2011, Geophysical and flow-weighted natural-contaminant characterization of three water-supply wells in New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1019, vi, 20 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111019.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p. 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":99058,"text":"ofr20111032 - 2011 - Bats of Ouray National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"ofr20111032","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1032","title":"Bats of Ouray National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"Ouray National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is located in the northeast corner of Utah along the Green River and is part of the Upper Colorado River System and the Colorado Plateau. The Colorado Plateau is home to 19 species of bats, some of which are quite rare. Of those 19 species, a few have a more southern range and would not be expected to be found at Ouray NWR, but it is unknown what species occur at Ouray NWR or their relative abundance. The assumption is that Ouray NWR provides excellent habitat for bats, since the riparian habitat consists of a healthy population of cottonwoods with plenty of older, large trees and snags that would provide foraging and roosting habitat for bats. The more than 4,000 acres of wetland habitat, along with the associated insect population resulting from the wetland habitat, would provide ideal foraging habitat for bats. The overall objective of this project is to conduct a baseline inventory of bat species occurring on the refuge using mist nets and passive acoustic monitoring.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111032","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L.E., 2011, Bats of Ouray National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1032, iii, 20 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111032.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1032.png"},{"id":14503,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6354ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99055,"text":"ofr20111025 - 2011 - A survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service employees regarding constraints to connecting children with nature-Summary report to respondents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:50","indexId":"ofr20111025","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1025","title":"A survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service employees regarding constraints to connecting children with nature-Summary report to respondents","docAbstract":"This report provides a summary of responses to the questions included on a survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service employees regarding constraints to connecting children with nature. The survey was sponsored by the Division of Education Outreach at the National Conservation Training Center and conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. The data collection process started on February 25, 2010 and ended on March 9, 2010. The dataset includes the responses from 320 individuals from all regions in the Service. The adjusted response rate for the survey was 55 percent. In this report, we provide the summary results for the survey questions in the order in which the questions were asked. The questions addressed the following topics: relevance of certain outcomes to the aspect of the Service's mission that relates to connecting people with nature, perceived success at connecting children with nature, the extent to which ten constraints present problems in connecting children with nature, and attitudes about the importance of connecting children with nature. The text of comments provided by respondents to open-ended questions is provided. In-depth analyses will be reported in the completion report for this project.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111025","usgsCitation":"Ratz, J., and Schuster, R., 2011, A survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service employees regarding constraints to connecting children with nature-Summary report to respondents: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1025, iii, 40 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111025.","productDescription":"iii, 40 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1025.png"},{"id":14500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5ec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratz, Joan M.","contributorId":22739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratz","given":"Joan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Rudy M.","contributorId":92405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Rudy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99051,"text":"ofr20101289 - 2011 - Microphotographs of cyanobacteria documenting the effects of various cell-lysis techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T18:44:19.204325","indexId":"ofr20101289","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1289","title":"Microphotographs of cyanobacteria documenting the effects of various cell-lysis techniques","docAbstract":"Cyanotoxins are a group of organic compounds biosynthesized intracellularly by many species of cyanobacteria found in surface water. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has listed cyanotoxins on the Safe Drinking Water Act's Contaminant Candidate List 3 for consideration for future regulation to protect public health. Cyanotoxins also pose a risk to humans and other organisms in a variety of other exposure scenarios. Accurate and precise analytical measurements of cyanotoxins are critical to the evaluation of concentrations in surface water to address the human health and ecosystem effects. A common approach to total cyanotoxin measurement involves cell membrane disruption to release the cyanotoxins to the dissolved phase followed by filtration to remove cellular debris. Several methods have been used historically, however no standard protocols exist to ensure this process is consistent between laboratories before the dissolved phase is measured by an analytical technique for cyanotoxin identification and quantitation. No systematic evaluation has been conducted comparing the multiple laboratory sample processing techniques for physical disruption of cell membrane or cyanotoxins recovery. Surface water samples collected from lakes, reservoirs, and rivers containing mixed assemblages of organisms dominated by cyanobacteria, as well as laboratory cultures of species-specific cyanobacteria, were used as part of this study evaluating multiple laboratory cell-lysis techniques in partnership with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluated extraction techniques included boiling, autoclaving, sonication, chemical treatment, and freeze-thaw. Both treated and untreated samples were evaluated for cell membrane integrity microscopically via light, epifluorescence, and epifluorescence in the presence of a DNA stain. The DNA stain, which does not permeate live cells with intact membrane structures, was used as an indicator for cyanotoxin release into the dissolved phase. Of the five techniques, sonication (at 70 percent) was most effective at complete cell destruction while QuikLyse (Trademarked) was least effective. Autoclaving, boiling, and sequential freeze-thaw were moderately effective in physical destruction of colonies and filaments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101289","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Rosen, B.H., Loftin, K.A., Smith, C.E., Lane, R., and Keydel, S.P., 2011, Microphotographs of cyanobacteria documenting the effects of various cell-lysis techniques: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1289, xvii, 203 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101289.","productDescription":"xvii, 203 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14495,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1289/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1289.bmp"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Barry H. 0000-0002-8016-3939 brosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-3939","contributorId":2844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Barry","email":"brosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Christopher E.","contributorId":20026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, Rachael F. 0000-0001-9202-0612","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-0612","contributorId":22448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Rachael F.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keydel, Susan P.","contributorId":70076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keydel","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":9000600,"text":"ofr20101291 - 2011 - Partnership of Environmental Education and Research-A compilation of student research, 1999-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:30:35","indexId":"ofr20101291","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1291","title":"Partnership of Environmental Education and Research-A compilation of student research, 1999-2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Tennessee Water Science Center and the College of Engineering and Technology at Tennessee State University developed a Partnership in Environmental Education and Research (PEER) to support environmental research at TSU and to expand the environmental research capabilities of the USGS in Tennessee. The PEER program is driven by the research needs to better define the occurrence, fate, and transport of contaminants in groundwater and surface water. Research in the PEER program has primarily focused on the transport and remediation of organic contamination in karst settings. Research conducted through the program has also expanded to a variety of media and settings. Research areas include contaminant occurrence and transport, natural and enhanced bioremediation, geochemical conditions in karst aquifers, mathematical modeling for contaminant transport and degradation, new methods to evaluate groundwater contamination, the resuspension of bacteria from sediment in streams, the use of bioluminescence and chemiluminescence to identify the presence of contaminants, and contaminant remediation in wetlands. The PEER program has increased research and education opportunities for students in the College of Engineering, Technology, and Computer Science and has provided students with experience in presenting the results of their research. Students in the program have participated in state, regional, national and international conferences with more than 140 presentations since 1998 and more than 40 student awards. The PEER program also supports TSU outreach activities and efforts to increase minority participation in environmental and earth science programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels. TSU students and USGS staff participate in the TSU summer programs for elementary and high school students to promote earth sciences. The 2007 summer camps included more than 130 students from 20 different States and Washington DC.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101291","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the College of Engineering, Technology, and Computer Science, Tennessee State University","usgsCitation":"2011, Partnership of Environmental Education and Research-A compilation of student research, 1999-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1291, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101291.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19211,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1291.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 90.5,35 ], [ 90.5,36.5 ], [ 83,36.5 ], [ 83,35 ], [ 90.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6889dc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bradley, Mike 0000-0002-2979-265X mbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-265X","contributorId":582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Mike","email":"mbradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721221,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Patrice","contributorId":26386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Patrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721222,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byl, Thomas D. 0000-0001-6907-9149 tdbyl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-9149","contributorId":583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbyl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721223,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9000597,"text":"ofr20111028 - 2011 - Review of the origin of the Braid Scarp near the Pebble prospect, southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T17:39:24.571501","indexId":"ofr20111028","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1028","title":"Review of the origin of the Braid Scarp near the Pebble prospect, southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"A linear geomorphic scarp, referred to as the 'Braid Scarp,' lies about 5 kilometers north of Iliamna Lake, Alaska, and has been identified as a possible seismically active fault. We examined the geomorphology of the area and an 8.5-meter-long excavation across the scarp. We conclude that the scarp was formed by incision of a glacial outwash braid plain into a slightly older outwash plain as ice stagnated in the region during deglaciation 11-15 thousand years ago. We found no evidence for active faulting along the scarp.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111028","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., and Waythomas, C.F., 2011, Review of the origin of the Braid Scarp near the Pebble prospect, southwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1028, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111028.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19209,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":422456,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94919.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1028.bmp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Braid Scarp, Pebble Prospect","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.14464116595263,\n 60.15839781867453\n ],\n [\n -156.14464116595263,\n 59.63821581903562\n ],\n [\n -154.76859239966294,\n 59.63821581903562\n ],\n [\n -154.76859239966294,\n 60.15839781867453\n ],\n [\n -156.14464116595263,\n 60.15839781867453\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99050,"text":"ofr20111010 - 2011 - Project plan-Surficial geologic mapping and hydrogeologic framework studies in the Greater Platte River Basins (Central Great Plains) in support of ecosystem and climate change research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"ofr20111010","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1010","title":"Project plan-Surficial geologic mapping and hydrogeologic framework studies in the Greater Platte River Basins (Central Great Plains) in support of ecosystem and climate change research","docAbstract":"The Greater Platte River Basin area spans a central part of the Midcontinent and Great Plains from the Rocky Mountains on the west to the Missouri River on the east, and is defined to include drainage areas of the Platte, Niobrara, and Republican Rivers, the Rainwater Basin, and other adjoining areas overlying the northern High Plains aquifer. The Greater Platte River Basin contains abundant surficial deposits that were sensitive to, or are reflective of, the climate under which they formed: deposits from multiple glaciations in the mountain headwaters of the North and South Platte Rivers and from continental ice sheets in eastern Nebraska; fluvial terraces (ranging from Tertiary to Holocene in age) along the rivers and streams; vast areas of eolian sand in the Nebraska Sand Hills and other dune fields (recording multiple episodes of dune activity); thick sequences of windblown silt (loess); and sediment deposited in numerous lakes and wetlands. In addition, the Greater Platte River Basin overlies and contributes surface water to the High Plains aquifer, a nationally important groundwater system that underlies parts of eight states and sustains one of the major agricultural areas of the United States. The area also provides critical nesting habitat for birds such as plovers and terns, and roosting habitat for cranes and other migratory birds that travel through the Central Flyway of North America. This broad area, containing fragile ecosystems that could be further threatened by changes in climate and land use, has been identified by the USGS and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln as a region where intensive collaborative research could lead to a better understanding of climate change and what might be done to adapt to or mitigate its adverse effects to ecosystems and to humans. The need for robust data on the geologic framework of ecosystems in the Greater Platte River Basin has been acknowledged in proceedings from the 2008 Climate Change Workshop and in draft reports by researchers developing a multidisciplinary science plan for the Greater Platte River Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111010","usgsCitation":"Berry, M.E., Lundstrom, S.C., Slate, J.L., Muhs, D.R., Sawyer, D.A., and VanSistine, D., 2011, Project plan-Surficial geologic mapping and hydrogeologic framework studies in the Greater Platte River Basins (Central Great Plains) in support of ecosystem and climate change research: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1010, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111010.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1010.png"},{"id":14494,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4113-8212 meberry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-8212","contributorId":1544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Margaret","email":"meberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundstrom, Scott C. 0000-0003-4149-2219 sclundst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-2219","contributorId":2446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"Scott","email":"sclundst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slate, Janet L. 0000-0002-2870-9068 jslate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-9068","contributorId":252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"Janet","email":"jslate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"VanSistine, D. 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The survey flight lines covered 1,418.6 line km (882 line mile). The survey was flown from April 22 to May 2, 2009. The objective of the contracted survey was to improve the understanding of the relation between surface water and groundwater systems critical to developing groundwater models used in management programs for water resources. \r\nThe electromagnetic equipment consisted of six different coil-pair orientations that measured resistivity at separate frequencies from about 400 hertz to about 140,000 hertz. The electromagnetic data were converted to georeferenced electrical resistivity grids and maps for each frequency that represent different approximate depths of investigation for each survey area. The electrical resistivity data were input into a numerical inversion to estimate resistivity variations with depth. In addition to the electromagnetic data, total field magnetic data and digital elevation data were collected. Data released in this report consist of flight line data, digital grids, digital databases of the inverted electrical resistivity with depth, and digital maps of the apparent resistivity and total magnetic field. The range of subsurface investigation is comparable to the depth of shallow aquifers. The survey areas, Swedeburg and Sprague, were chosen based on results from test flights in 2007 in eastern Nebraska and needs of local water managers. The geophysical and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey studies are being used by resource managers to develop groundwater resource plans for the area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101288","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Lower Platte North and Lower Platte South Natural Resources Districts","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Abraham, J., Cannia, J.C., Minsley, B., Ball, L., Steele, G.V., and Deszcz-Pan, M., 2011, Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Swedeburg and Sprague study areas, eastern Nebraska, May 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1288, v, 31 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendices; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101288.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendices; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-04-22","temporalEnd":"2009-05-02","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1288.png"},{"id":14490,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1288/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.5,40.5 ], [ -97.5,41.25 ], [ -95.75,41.25 ], [ -95.75,40.5 ], [ -97.5,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, B. 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V.","contributorId":62543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, M.","contributorId":102422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":9000594,"text":"ofr20101302 - 2011 - DESI-Detection of early-season invasives (software-installation manual and user's guide version 1.0)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:06","indexId":"ofr20101302","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1302","title":"DESI-Detection of early-season invasives (software-installation manual and user's guide version 1.0)","docAbstract":"This report describes a software system for detecting early-season invasive plant species, such as cheatgrass. The report includes instructions for installing the software and serves as a user's guide in processing Landsat satellite remote sensing data to map the distributions of cheatgrass and other early-season invasive plants. The software was developed for application to the semi-arid regions of southern Utah; however, the detection parameters can be altered by the user for application to other areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101302","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., 2011, DESI-Detection of early-season invasives (software-installation manual and user's guide version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1302, iv, 26 p.; Appendices; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101302.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.; Appendices; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1302.png"},{"id":14493,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1302/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99042,"text":"ofr20111008 - 2011 - Water-quality in the North Santiam River Basin, Oregon— Comparison of water-quality data for water year 2007 with the preceding period of record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-08T20:09:02.795709","indexId":"ofr20111008","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1008","title":"Water-quality in the North Santiam River Basin, Oregon— Comparison of water-quality data for water year 2007 with the preceding period of record","docAbstract":"Water-quality data have been collected in the North Santiam River basin since 1998. During water year 2007, eight monitoring stations were operated throughout the basin. Streamflow data were collected at all but one of these sites. This report presents a comparison of the water-quality and streamflow data collected at each monitoring station from monitor installation through water year 2006 with the data for water year 2007. Data were compiled monthly and annually to identify extreme values by season and for entire periods of study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111008","usgsCitation":"Piatt, D.R., Johnston, M.W., Bragg, H., Brooks, A.M., Sobieszczyk, S., and Uhrich, M.A., 2011, Water-quality in the North Santiam River Basin, Oregon— Comparison of water-quality data for water year 2007 with the preceding period of record: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1008, x, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111008.","productDescription":"x, 75 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1008.jpg"},{"id":390354,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94912.htm"},{"id":14484,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"North Santiam River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.8333,\n 44.4625\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 44.4625\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 44.8333\n ],\n [\n -122.8333,\n 44.8333\n ],\n [\n -122.8333,\n 44.4625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e56fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, David R. 0000-0002-6442-5505 dpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-5505","contributorId":1148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"David","email":"dpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Matthew W. mattj@usgs.gov","contributorId":3066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Matthew","email":"mattj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bragg, Heather M. hmbragg@usgs.gov","contributorId":428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Heather M.","email":"hmbragg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Amy M. ambrooks@usgs.gov","contributorId":4020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Amy","email":"ambrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Uhrich, Mark A. 0000-0002-5202-8086 mauhrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-8086","contributorId":1149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhrich","given":"Mark","email":"mauhrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}