{"pageNumber":"1161","pageRowStart":"29000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70022667,"text":"70022667 - 2000 - Detection of crystalline hematite mineralization on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: evidence for near-surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T15:28:12","indexId":"70022667","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of crystalline hematite mineralization on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: evidence for near-surface water","docAbstract":"The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission has discovered a remarkable accumulation of crystalline hematite (α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) that covers an area with very sharp boundaries approximately 350 by 350–750 km in size centered near 2°S latitude between 0° and 5°W longitude (Sinus Meridiani). Crystalline hematite is uniquely identified by the presence of fundamental vibrational absorption features centered near 300, 450, and >525 cm<sup>−1</sup> and by the absence of silicate fundamentals in the 1000 cm<sup>−1</sup> region. Spectral features resulting from atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, dust, and water ice were removed using a radiative transfer model. The spectral properties unique to Sinus Meridiani were emphasized by removing the average spectrum of the surrounding region. The depth and shape of the hematite fundamental bands show that the hematite is crystalline and relatively coarse grained (>5–10 μm). Diameters up to and greater than hundreds of micrometers are permitted within the instrumental noise and natural variability of hematite spectra. Hematite particles <5–10 μm in diameter (as either unpacked or hard-packed powders) fail to match the TES spectra. The spectrally derived areal abundance of hematite varies with particle size from ∼10% (>30 μm diameter) to 40–60% (10 μm diameter). The hematite in Sinus Meridiani is thus distinct from the fine-grained (diameter <5–10 μm), red, crystalline hematite considered, on the basis of visible, near-IR data, to be a minor spectral component in Martian bright regions like Olympus-Amazonis. Sinus Meridiani hematite is closely associated with a smooth, layered, friable surface that is interpreted to be sedimentary in origin. This material may be the uppermost surface in the region, indicating that it might be a late stage sedimentary unit or a layered portion of the heavily cratered plains units. We consider five possible mechanisms for the formation of coarse-grained, crystalline hematite. These processes fall into two classes depending on whether they require a significant amount of near-surface water: the first is chemical precipitation that includes origin by (1) precipitation from standing, oxygenated, Fe-rich water (oxide iron formations), (2) precipitation from Fe-rich hydrothermal fluids, (3) low-temperature dissolution and precipitation through mobile ground water leaching, and (4) formation of surface coatings, and the second is thermal oxidation of magnetite-rich lavas. Weathering and alteration processes, which produce nanophase and red hematite, are not consistent with the coarse, crystalline hematite observed in Sinus Meridiani. We prefer chemical precipitation models and favor precipitation from Fe-rich water on the basis of the probable association with sedimentary materials, large geographic size, distance from a regional heat source, and lack of evidence for extensive groundwater processes elsewhere on Mars. The TES results thus provide mineralogic evidence for probable large-scale water interactions. The Sinus Meridiani region may be an ideal candidate for future landed missions searching for biotic and prebiotic environments, and the physical characteristics of this site satisfy all of the engineering requirements for the missions currently planned.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001093","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Christensen, P.R., Bandfield, J., Clark, R.N., Edgett, K., Hamilton, V., Hoefen, T., Kieffer, H.H., Kuzmin, R., Lane, M.D., Malin, M.C., Morris, R., Pearl, J., Pearson, R., Roush, T.L., Ruff, S.W., and Smith, M.D., 2000, Detection of crystalline hematite mineralization on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: evidence for near-surface water: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 105, no. E4, p. 9623-9642, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001093.","startPage":"9623","endPage":"9642","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278567,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001093"},{"id":233671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff72e4b0c8380cd4f1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandfield, J. L.","contributorId":59990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edgett, K.S.","contributorId":66028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgett","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, V.E.","contributorId":92024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoefen, T. 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":49252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.O.","contributorId":14932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lane, M. D.","contributorId":94826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pearl, J.C.","contributorId":45074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pearson, R.","contributorId":28494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Roush, T. L.","contributorId":77661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70023223,"text":"70023223 - 2000 - Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T13:29:10","indexId":"70023223","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2180,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle), an invasive aquatic weed, continues to spread to new regions in the United States. Two biotypes, one a female dioecious and the other monoecious have been identified. Management of the spread of hydrilla requires understanding the mechanisms of introduction and transport, an ability to map and make available information on distribution, and tools to distinguish the known U.S. biotypes as well as potential new introductions. Review of the literature and discussions with aquatic scientists and resource managers point to the aquarium and water garden plant trades as the primary past mechanism for the regional dispersal of hydrilla while local dispersal is primarily carried out by other mechanisms such as boat traffic, intentional introductions, and waterfowl. The Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database is presented as a tool for assembling, geo-referencing, and making available information on the distribution of hydrilla. A map of the current range of dioecious and monoecious hydrilla by drainage is presented. Four hydrilla samples, taken from three discrete, non-contiguous regions (Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Washington State) were examined using two RAPD assays. The first, generated using primer Operon G17, and capable of distinguishing the dioecious and monoecious U.S. biotypes, indicated all four samples were of the monoecious biotype. Results of the second assay using the Stoffel fragment and 5 primers, produced 111 markers, indicated that these samples do not represent new foreign introductions. The differences in the monoecious and dioecious growth habits and management are discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Plant Management Society","issn":"01466623","usgsCitation":"Madeira, P.T., Jacono, C., and Van, T.K., 2000, Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, v. 38, p. 33-40.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://apms.org/2000/12/journal-of-aquatic-plant-management-volume-38-2000-2/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      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,{"id":70023124,"text":"70023124 - 2000 - A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques based on inverse modelling results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023124","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques based on inverse modelling results","docAbstract":"Five common numerical techniques (finite difference, predictor-corrector, total-variation-diminishing, method-of-characteristics, and modified-method-of-characteristics) were tested using simulations of a controlled conservative tracer-test experiment through a heterogeneous, two-dimensional sand tank. The experimental facility was constructed using randomly distributed homogeneous blocks of five sand types. This experimental model provides an outstanding opportunity to compare the solution techniques because of the heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity distribution of known structure, and the availability of detailed measurements with which to compare simulated concentrations. The present work uses this opportunity to investigate how three common types of results-simulated breakthrough curves, sensitivity analysis, and calibrated parameter values-change in this heterogeneous situation, given the different methods of simulating solute transport. The results show that simulated peak concentrations, even at very fine grid spacings, varied because of different amounts of numerical dispersion. Sensitivity analysis results were robust in that they were independent of the solution technique. They revealed extreme correlation between hydraulic conductivity and porosity, and that the breakthrough curve data did not provide enough information about the dispersivities to estimate individual values for the five sands. However, estimated hydraulic conductivity values are significantly influenced by both the large possible variations in model dispersion and the amount of numerical dispersion present in the solution technique.Five common numerical techniques (finite difference, predictor-corrector, total-variation-diminishing, method-of-characteristics, and modified-method-of-characteristics) were tested using simulations of a controlled conservative tracer-test experiment through a heterogeneous, two-dimensional sand tank. The experimental facility was constructed using randomly distributed homogeneous blocks of five sand types. This experimental model provides an outstanding opportunity to compare the solution techniques because of the heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity distribution of known structure, and the availability of detailed measurements with which to compare simulated concentrations. The present work uses this opportunity to investigate how three common types of results - simulated breakthrough curves, sensitivity analysis, and calibrated parameter values - change in this heterogeneous situation, given the different methods of simulating solute transport. The results show that simulated peak concentrations, even at very fine grid spacings, varied because of different amounts of numerical dispersion. Sensitivity analysis results were robust in that they were independent of the solution technique. They revealed extreme correlation between hydraulic conductivity and porosity, and that the breakthrough curve data did not provide enough information about the dispersivities to estimate individual values for the five sands. However, estimated hydraulic conductivity values are significantly influenced by both the large possible variations in model dispersion and the amount of numerical dispersion present in the solution technique.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"ModelCARE'99 Conference","conferenceDate":"20 September 1999 through 23 September 1999","conferenceLocation":"Zurich, Switz","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX, United States","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., and Hill, M.C., 2000, A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques based on inverse modelling results, <i>in</i> IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 265, Zurich, Switz, 20 September 1999 through 23 September 1999, p. 205-212.","startPage":"205","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"265","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e375e4b0c8380cd46036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. 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,{"id":1015968,"text":"1015968 - 2000 - Ghosts of habitats past: Contribution of landscape change to current habitats used by shrubland birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T22:01:42.336989","indexId":"1015968","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ghosts of habitats past: Contribution of landscape change to current habitats used by shrubland birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Models of habitat associations for species often are developed with an implicit assumption that habitats are static, even though recent disturbance may have altered the landscape. We tested our hypothesis that trajectory and magnitude of habitat change influenced observed distribution and abundance of passerine birds breeding in shrubsteppe habitats of southwestern Idaho. Birds in this region live in dynamic landscapes undergoing predominantly large-scale, radical, and unidirectional habitat change because wildfires are converting shrublands into expanses of exotic annual grasslands. We used data from field surveys and satellite image analyses in a series of redundancy analyses to partition variances and to determine the relative contribution of habitat change and current landscapes. Although current habitats explained a greater proportion of total variation, changes in habitat and measures of habitat richness and texture also contributed to variation in abundance of Horned Larks (</span><i>Eremophila alpestris</i><span>), Brewer’s Sparrows (</span><i>Spizella breweri</i><span>), and Sage Sparrows (</span><i>Amphispiza belli</i><span>). Abundance of birds was insensitive to scale for nonspatial habitat variables. In contrast, spatial measures of habitat richness and texture in the landscape were significant only at large spatial scales. Abundance of Horned Larks, Western Meadowlarks (</span><i>Sturnella neglecta</i><span>), and Brewer’s Sparrows, but not Sage Thrashers (</span><i>Oreoscoptes montanus</i><span>) or Sage Sparrows, was positively correlated with changes toward stable habitats. Because dominant habitat changes were toward less stable conditions, regional declines of those birds in shrubsteppe habitats reflect current landscapes as well as the history, magnitude, and trajectory of habitat change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0220:GOHPCO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., and Rotenberry, J., 2000, Ghosts of habitats past: Contribution of landscape change to current habitats used by shrubland birds: Ecology, v. 81, no. 1, p. 220-227, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0220:GOHPCO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.861572265625,\n              43.39706523932025\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.630859375,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.21337890625,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.97167968750001,\n              42.60970621339408\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.53222656249999,\n              42.85180609584705\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.213623046875,\n              43.08493742707592\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.53222656249999,\n              43.34914966389313\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.026611328125,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20239257812499,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.72973632812499,\n              43.60426186809618\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.861572265625,\n              43.39706523932025\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rotenberry, J.T.","contributorId":57015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotenberry","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022889,"text":"70022889 - 2000 - A surface-associated activity trap for capturing water-surface and aquatic invertebrates in wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T15:04:27.267015","indexId":"70022889","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A surface-associated activity trap for capturing water-surface and aquatic invertebrates in wetlands","docAbstract":"We developed a surface-associated activity trap (SAT) for sampling aquatic invertebrates in wetlands. We compared performance of this trap with that of a conventional activity trap (AT) based on non-detection rates and relative abundance estimates for 13 taxa of common wetland invertebrates and for taxon richness using data from experiments in constructed wetlands. Taxon-specific non-detection rates for ATs generally exceeded those of SATs, and largest improvements using SATs were for Chironomidae and Gastropoda. SATs were efficient at capturing cladocera, Chironomidae, Gastropoda, total Crustacea, and multiple taxa (taxon richness) but were only slightly better than ATs at capturing Dytiscidae. Temporal differences in capture rates were observed only for cladocera, Chironomidae, Dytiscidae, and total Crustacea, with capture efficiencies of SATs usually decreasing from mid-June through mid-July for these taxa. We believe that SATs may be useful for characterizing wetland invertebrate communities and for developing improved measures of prey available to foraging waterfowl and other aquatic birds.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0205:ASAATF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Hanson, M.A., Roy, C.C., Euliss, N., Zimmer, K.D., Riggs, M.R., and Butler, M.G., 2000, A surface-associated activity trap for capturing water-surface and aquatic invertebrates in wetlands: Wetlands, v. 20, no. 1, p. 205-212, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0205:ASAATF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"212","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","city":"Jamestown","otherGeospatial":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5d9e4b0c8380cd46fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Mark A.","contributorId":174743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Christiane C.","contributorId":80592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Christiane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euliss, Ned ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":192021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmer, Kyle D.","contributorId":174744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmer","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riggs, Michael R.","contributorId":174745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riggs","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butler, Malcolm G.","contributorId":56188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12813,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022815,"text":"70022815 - 2000 - An evaluation of the Wyoming Gauge System for snowfall measurement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:03:11","indexId":"70022815","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the Wyoming Gauge System for snowfall measurement","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Wyoming snow fence (shield) has been widely used with precipitation gauges for snowfall measurement at more than 25 locations in Alaska since the late 1970s. This gauge's measurements have been taken as the reference for correcting wind‐induced gauge undercatch of snowfall in Alaska. Recently, this fence (shield) was tested in the World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison Project at four locations in the United States of America and Canada for six winter seasons. At the Intercomparison sites an octagonal vertical Double Fence with a Russian Tretyakov gauge or a Universal Belfort recording gauge was installed and used as the Intercomparison Reference (DFIR) to provide true snowfall amounts for this Intercomparison experiment. The Intercomparison data collected were compiled at the four sites that represent a variety of climate, terrain, and exposure. On the basis of these data sets the performance of the Wyoming gauge system for snowfall observations was carefully evaluated against the DFIR and snow cover data. The results show that (1) the mean snow catch efficiency of the Wyoming gauge compared with the DFIR is about 80–90%, (2) there exists a close linear relation between the measurements of the two gauge systems and this relation may serve as a transfer function to adjust the Wyoming gauge records to obtain an estimate of the true snowfall amount, (3) catch efficiency of the Wyoming gauge does not change with wind speed and temperature, and (4) Wyoming gauge measurements are generally compatible to the snowpack water equivalent at selected locations in northern Alaska. These results are important to our effort of determining true snowfall amounts in the high latitudes, and they are also useful for regional hydrologic and climatic analyses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900158","usgsCitation":"Yang, D., Kane, D.L., Hinzman, L.D., Goodison, B.E., Metcalfe, J.R., Louie, P.Y., Leavesley, G.H., Emerson, D.G., and Hanson, C.L., 2000, An evaluation of the Wyoming Gauge System for snowfall measurement: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 9, p. 2665-2677, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900158.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2665","endPage":"2677","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea54e4b0c8380cd487b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Daqing","contributorId":203286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Daqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kane, Douglas L.","contributorId":112099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinzman, Larry D.","contributorId":97133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinzman","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodison, Barry E.","contributorId":203293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodison","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metcalfe, John R.","contributorId":203294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Louie, Paul Y.T.","contributorId":60419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Louie","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leavesley, George H. george@usgs.gov","contributorId":1202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"George","email":"george@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":394998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Emerson, Douglas G.","contributorId":40579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hanson, Clayton L.","contributorId":203290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Clayton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70022899,"text":"70022899 - 2000 - Modeling annual mallard production in the prairie-parkland region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T17:14:29.929745","indexId":"70022899","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling annual mallard production in the prairie-parkland region","docAbstract":"<p>Biologists have proposed several environmental factors that might influence production of mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) nesting in the prairie-parkland region of the United States and Canada. These factors include precipitation, cold spring temperatures, wetland abundance, and upland breeding habitat. I used long-term historical data sets of climate, wetland numbers, agricultural land use, and size of breeding mallard populations in multiple regression analyses to model annual indices of mallard production. Models were constructed at 2 scales: a continental scale that encompassed most of the mid-continental breeding range of mallards and a stratum-level scale that included 23 portions of that same breeding range. The production index at the continental scale was the estimated age ratio of mid-continental mallards in early fall; at the stratum scale my production index was the estimated number of broods of all duck species within an aerial survey stratum. Size of breeding mallard populations in May, and pond numbers in May and July, best modeled production at the continental scale. Variables that best modeled production at the stratum scale differed by region. Crop variables tended to appear more in models for western Canadian strata; pond variables predominated in models for United States strata; and spring temperature and pond variables dominated models for eastern Canadian strata. An index of cold spring temperatures appeared in 4 of 6 models for aspen parkland strata, and in only 1 of 11 models for strata dominated by prairie. Stratum-level models suggest that regional factors influencing mallard production are not evident at a larger scale. Testing these potential factors in a manipulative fashion would improve our understanding of mallard population dynamics, improving our ability to manage the mid-continental mallard population.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803254","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., 2000, Modeling annual mallard production in the prairie-parkland region: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 2, p. 561-575, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803254.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"575","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, Manitoba, Montana, North Dakota, Saskatchewan, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.181640625,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              44.96479793033101\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5693359375,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.998046875,\n              42.74701217318067\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3388671875,\n              42.84375132629021\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.45996093749999,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.50390625,\n              42.8115217450979\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.416015625,\n              43.16512263158296\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.416015625,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.3720703125,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6357421875,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5478515625,\n              45.89000815866184\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.591796875,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0751953125,\n              48.19538740833338\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0751953125,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.3056640625,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.1845703125,\n              51.72702815704774\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.6455078125,\n              52.61639023304539\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              53.904338156274704\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.12597656249999,\n              53.98193516209167\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.181640625,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdbe4b0c8380cd6f85e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M.W.","contributorId":57012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022902,"text":"70022902 - 2000 - A new global 1-km dataset of percentage tree cover derived from remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T16:02:04","indexId":"70022902","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new global 1-km dataset of percentage tree cover derived from remote sensing","docAbstract":"Accurate assessment of the spatial extent of forest cover is a crucial requirement for quantifying the sources and sinks of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere. In the more immediate context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, implementation of the Kyoto Protocol calls for estimates of carbon stocks for a baseline year as well as for subsequent years. Data sources from country level statistics and other ground-based information are based on varying definitions of 'forest' and are consequently problematic for obtaining spatially and temporally consistent carbon stock estimates. By combining two datasets previously derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) at 1 km spatial resolution, we have generated a prototype global map depicting percentage tree cover and associated proportions of trees with different leaf longevity (evergreen and deciduous) and leaf type (broadleaf and needleleaf). The product is intended for use in terrestrial carbon cycle models, in conjunction with other spatial datasets such as climate and soil type, to obtain more consistent and reliable estimates of carbon stocks. The percentage tree cover dataset is available through the Global Land Cover Facility at the University of Maryland at http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00296.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"DeFries, R., Hansen, M., Townshend, J., Janetos, A., and Loveland, T., 2000, A new global 1-km dataset of percentage tree cover derived from remote sensing: Global Change Biology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 247-254, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00296.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00296.x"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a2e4b0c8380cd467b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFries, R.S.","contributorId":61549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFries","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, M.C.","contributorId":69690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33433,"text":"University of Maryland, College Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townshend, J.R.G.","contributorId":15321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"J.R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Janetos, A.C.","contributorId":31172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janetos","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022906,"text":"70022906 - 2000 - Consequences of slow growth for 230Th/U dating of Quaternary opals, Yucca Mountain, NV, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70022906","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of slow growth for 230Th/U dating of Quaternary opals, Yucca Mountain, NV, USA","docAbstract":"Thermal ionization mass-spectrometry 234U/238U and 230Th/238U data are reported for uranium-rich opals coating fractures and cavities within the silicic tuffs forming Yucca Mountain, NV, the potential site of a high-level radioactive waste repository. High uranium concentrations (up to 207 ppm) and extremely high 230Th/232Th activity ratios (up to about 106) make microsamples of these opals suitable for precise 230Th/U dating. Conventional 230Th/U ages range from 40 to greater than 600 ka, and initial 234U/238U activity ratios between 1.03 and 8.2. Isotopic evidence indicates that the opals have not experienced uranium mobility; however, wide variations in apparent ages and initial 234U/238U ratios for separate subsamples of the same outermost mineral surfaces, positive correlation between ages and sample weights, and negative correlation between 230Th/U ages and calculated initial 234U/238U are inconsistent with the assumption that all minerals in a given subsample was deposited instantaneously. The data are more consistent with a conceptual model of continuous deposition where secondary mineral growth has occurred at a constant, slow rate up to the present. This model assumes that individual subsamples represent mixtures of older and younger material, and that calculations using the resulting isotope ratios reflect an average age. Ages calculated using the continuous-deposition model for opals imply average mineral growth rates of less than 5 mm/m.y. The model of continuous deposition also predicts discordance between ages obtained using different radiometric methods for the same subsample. Differences in half-lives will result in younger apparent ages for the shorter-lived isotope due to the greater influence of younger materials continuously added to mineral surfaces. Discordant 14C, 230Th/U and U-Pb ages obtained from outermost mineral surfaces at Yucca Mountain support this model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00142-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., and Paces, J., 2000, Consequences of slow growth for 230Th/U dating of Quaternary opals, Yucca Mountain, NV, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 164, no. 1-2, p. 143-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00142-4.","startPage":"143","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208031,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00142-4"},{"id":233394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9d6e4b0c8380cd4d7ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003012,"text":"1003012 - 2000 - Mapping forest canopy gaps using air-photo interpretation and ground surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1003012","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping forest canopy gaps using air-photo interpretation and ground surveys","docAbstract":"Canopy gaps are important structural components of forested habitats for many wildlife species. Recent improvements in the spatial accuracy of geographic information system tools facilitate accurate mapping of small canopy features such as gaps. We compared canopy-gap maps generated using ground survey methods with those derived from air-photo interpretation. We found that maps created from high-resolution air photos were more accurate than those created from ground surveys. Errors of omission were 25.6% for the ground-survey method and 4.7% for the air-photo method. One variable of inter est in songbird research is the distance from nests to gap edges. Distances from real and simulated nests to gap edges were longer using the ground-survey maps versus the air-photo maps, indicating that gap omission could potentially bias the assessment of spatial relationships. If research or management goals require location and size of canopy gaps and specific information about vegetation structure, we recommend a 2-fold approach. First, canopy gaps can be located and the perimeters defined using 1:15,000-scale or larger aerial photographs and the methods we describe. Mapped gaps can then be field-surveyed to obtain detailed vegetation data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Fox, T., Knutson, M.G., and Hines, R.K., 2000, Mapping forest canopy gaps using air-photo interpretation and ground surveys: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 4, p. 882-889.","productDescription":"pp. 882-889","startPage":"882","endPage":"889","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69df23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, T.J.","contributorId":50477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001730,"text":"1001730 - 2000 - A surface-associated activity trap for capturing water surface and aquatic invertebrates in wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:10:09","indexId":"1001730","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A surface-associated activity trap for capturing water surface and aquatic invertebrates in wetlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>We developed a surface-associated activity trap (SAT) for sampling aquatic invertebrates in wetlands. We compared performance of this trap with that of a conventional activity trap (AT) based on non-detection rates and relative abundance estimates for 13 taxa of common wetland invertebrates and for taxon richness using data from experiments in constructed wetlands. Taxon-specific non-detection rates for ATs generally exceeded those of SATs, and largest improvements using SATs were for Chironomidae and Gastropoda. SATs were efficient at capturing cladocera, Chironomidae, Gastropoda, total Crustacea, and multiple taxa (taxon richness) but were only slightly better than ATs at capturing Dytiscidae. Temporal differences in capture rates were observed only for cladocera, Chironomidae, Dytiscidae, and total Crustacea, with capture efficiencies of SATs usually decreasing from mid-June through mid-July for these taxa. We believe that SATs may be useful for characterizing wetland invertebrate communities and for developing improved measures of prey available to foraging waterfowl and other aquatic birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0205:ASAATF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hanson, M.A., Roy, C.C., Euliss, N.H., Zimmer, K.D., Riggs, M.R., and Butler, M.G., 2000, A surface-associated activity trap for capturing water surface and aquatic invertebrates in wetlands: Wetlands, v. 20, no. 1, p. 205-212, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0205:ASAATF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"212","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Mark A.","contributorId":174743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Christiane C.","contributorId":80592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Christiane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmer, Kyle D.","contributorId":174744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmer","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riggs, Michael R.","contributorId":174745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riggs","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butler, Malcolm G.","contributorId":56188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12813,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023099,"text":"70023099 - 2000 - Environmental history and tephrostratigraphy at Carp Lake, southwestern Columbia Basin, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023099","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental history and tephrostratigraphy at Carp Lake, southwestern Columbia Basin, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Sediment cores from Carp Lake provide a pollen record of the last ca. 125,000 years that helps disclose vegetational and climatic conditions from the present day to the previous interglaciation (120-133 ka). The core also contained 15 tephra layers, which were characterised by electron-microprobe analysis of volcanic glass shards. Identified tephra include Mount St. Helens Ye, 3.69 ka; Mazama ash bed, 7.54 ka; Mount St. Helens layer C, 35-50 ka; an unnamed Mount St. Helens tephra, 75-150 ka; the tephra equivalent of layer E at Pringle Falls, Oregon, <218 ka; and an andesitic tephra layer similar to that at Tulelake, California, 174 ka. Ten calibrated radiocarbon ages and the ages of Mount St. Helens Ye, Mazama ash, and the unnamed Mount St. Helens tephra were used to develop an age-depth model. This model was refined by also incorporating the age of marine oxygen isotope stage (IS) boundary 4/5 (73.9 ka) and the age of IS-5e (125 ka). The justification for this age-model is based on an analysis of the pollen record and lithologic data. The pollen record is divided into 11 assemblage zones that describe alternations between periods of montane conifer forest, pine forest, and steppe. The previous interglacial period (IS-5e) supported temperate xerothermic forests of pine and oak and a northward and westward expansion of steppe and juniper woodland, compared to their present occurrence. The period from 83 to 117 ka contains intervals of pine forest and parkland alternating with pine-spruce forest, suggesting shifts from cold humid to cool temperate conditions. Between 73 and 83 ka, a forest of oak, hemlock, Douglas-fir, and fir was present that has no modem analogue. It suggests warm wet summers and cool wet winters. Cool humid conditions during the mid-Wisconsin interval supported mixed conifer forest with Douglas-fir and spruce. The glacial interval featured cold dry steppe, with an expansion of spruce in the late-glacial. Xerothermic communities prevailed in the early Holocene, when temperate steppe was widespread and the lake dried intermittently. The middle Holocene was characterised by ponderosa pine forest, and the modem vegetation was established in the last 3900 yr, when ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, fir, and oak were part of the local vegetation.","largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00092-9","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Whitlock, C., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Bartlein, P., and Nickmann, R., 2000, Environmental history and tephrostratigraphy at Carp Lake, southwestern Columbia Basin, Washington, USA, <i>in</i> Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 155, no. 1-2, p. 7-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00092-9.","startPage":"7","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208107,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00092-9"},{"id":233553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09cde4b0c8380cd5208a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitlock, C.","contributorId":105836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nickmann, R.J.","contributorId":12339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickmann","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022922,"text":"70022922 - 2000 - Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T07:44:04","indexId":"70022922","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport","docAbstract":"<p>Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen has been cited as a major factor in the nitrogen saturation of forests in the north-eastern United States and as a contributor to the eutrophication of coastal waters, including the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Sources of nitrogen emissions and the resulting spatial patterns of nitrogen deposition within the Mississippi River Basin, however, have not been fully documented. An assessment of atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin was therefore conducted in 1998-1999 to: (1) evaluate the forms in which nitrogen is deposited from the atmosphere; (2) quantify the spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition throughout the basin; and (3) relate locations of emission sources to spatial deposition patterns to evaluate atmospheric transport. Deposition data collected through the NADP/NTN (National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network) and CASTNet (Clean Air Status and Trends Network) were used for this analysis. NO(x) Tier 1 emission data by county was obtained for 1992 from the US Environmental Protection Agency (Emissions Trends Viewer CD, 1985-1995, version 1.0, September 1996) and NH3 emissions data was derived from the 1992 Census of Agriculture (US Department of Commerce. Census of Agriculture, US Summary and County Level Data, US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Geographic Area series, 1995:1b) or the National Agricultural Statistics Service (US Department of Agriculture. National Agricultural Statistics Service Historical Data. Accessed 7/98 at URL, 1998. http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/hisdata.htm). The highest rates of wet deposition of NO3- were in the north-eastern part of the basin, downwind of electric utility plants and urban areas, whereas the highest rates of wet deposition of NH4+ were in Iowa, near the center of intensive agricultural activities in the Midwest. The lowest rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition were on the western (windward) side of the basin, which suggests that most of the nitrogen deposited within the basin is derived from internal sources. Atmospheric transport eastward across the basin boundary is greater for NO3- than NH4+, but a significant amount of NH4+ is likely to be transported out of the basin through the formation of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 particles - a process that greatly increases the atmospheric residence time of NH4+. This process is also a likely factor in the atmospheric transport of nitrogen from the Midwest to upland forest regions in the North-East, such as the western Adirondack region of New York, where NH4+ constitutes 38% of the total wet deposition of N.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W., and Stensland, G., 2000, Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 87-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208185,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1"}],"volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec4e4b0c8380cd49f3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stensland, G.J.","contributorId":62096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stensland","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022869,"text":"70022869 - 2000 - Chronological refinement of an ice core record at Upper Fremont Glacier in south central North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-05T18:07:51.785185","indexId":"70022869","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronological refinement of an ice core record at Upper Fremont Glacier in south central North America","docAbstract":"<p>The potential to use ice cores from alpine glaciers in the midlatitudes to reconstruct paleoclimatic records has not been widely recognized. Although excellent paleoclimatic records exist for the polar regions, paleoclimatic ice core records are not common from midlatitude locations. An ice core removed from the Upper Fremont Glacier in Wyoming provides evidence for abrupt climate change during the mid-1800s. Volcanic events (Krakatau and Tambora) identified from electrical conductivity measurements (ECM) and isotopic and chemical data from the Upper Fremont Glacier were reexamined to confirm and refine previous chronological estimates of the ice core. At a depth of 152 m the refined age-depth profile shows good agreement (1736 ± 10 A.D.) with the 14C age date (1729 ± 95 A.D.). The δ<sup>18</sup>O profile of the Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG) ice core indicates a change in climate known as the Little Ice Age (LIA). However, the sampling interval for δ<sup>18</sup>O is sufficiently large (20 cm) such that it is difficult to pinpoint the LIA termination on the basis of δ<sup>18</sup>O data alone. Other research has shown that changes in the δ18O variance are generally coincident with changes in ECM variance. The ECM data set contains over 125,000 data points at a resolution of 1 data point per millimeter of ice core. A 999-point running average of the ECM data set and results from f tests indicates that the variance of the ECM data decreases significantly at about 108 m. At this depth, the age-depth profile predicts an age of 1845 A.D. Results indicate the termination of the LIA was abrupt with a major climatic shift to warmer temperatures around 1845 A.D. and continuing to present day. Prediction limits (error bars) calculated for the profile ages are ±10 years (90% confidence level). Thus a conservative estimate for the time taken to complete the LIA climatic shift to present-day climate is about 10 years, suggesting the LIA termination in alpine regions of central North America may have occurred on a relatively short (decadal) timescale. Copyright 2000 by the American Geophysical Union.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JD901095","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schuster, P., White, D., Naftz, D.L., and Cecil, L., 2000, Chronological refinement of an ice core record at Upper Fremont Glacier in south central North America: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 105, no. D4, p. 4657-4666, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901095.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"4657","endPage":"4666","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jd901095","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"North America, Upper Fremont Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.58724975585938,\n              43.06086137134326\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.54536437988281,\n              43.083432950692625\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.50759887695312,\n              43.10399092988393\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.48150634765625,\n              43.137069765760344\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.49729919433594,\n              43.15059686209487\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.54055786132812,\n              43.16061500369222\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.60098266601562,\n              43.172133836120246\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.61746215820312,\n              43.18565317214177\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.61128234863281,\n              43.20267326305701\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.60647583007812,\n              43.2221904631015\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.60716247558594,\n              43.25270484069842\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.60922241210938,\n              43.27220602472306\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.61883544921875,\n              43.292700534021385\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.64492797851562,\n              43.31568615529564\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.63394165039062,\n              43.32617670160033\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.65316772460938,\n              43.345154990451135\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.69024658203124,\n              43.35813671794957\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.74037170410156,\n              43.35164620129662\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.75135803222656,\n              43.33117156319044\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.71908569335938,\n              43.2862030224633\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.70947265625,\n              43.24470254793515\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.71290588378906,\n              43.16311928246929\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.67788696289062,\n              43.11552043320655\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.58724975585938,\n              43.06086137134326\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"D4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5f4e4b0c8380cd4c4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, P. 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L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cecil, L.D.","contributorId":62616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022925,"text":"70022925 - 2000 - The use of principal component analysis for interpreting ground water hydrographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T17:36:12.093462","indexId":"70022925","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of principal component analysis for interpreting ground water hydrographs","docAbstract":"Principal component analysis was used to define patterns in water table hydrographs at four small, lake-watershed research sites in the United States. The analysis provided insights into (1) characteristics of ground water recharge in different parts of the watersheds; (2) the effect of seepage from lakes on water table fluctuations; and (3) the effect of differences in geologic properties on water table fluctuations. At two sites where all of the water table wells were completed in permeable deposits, glacial out-wash in Minnesota and dune sand in Nebraska, the patterns of water table fluctuation primarily reflected timing and magnitude of recharge. The water table had more frequent and wider ranges in fluctuations where it was shallow compared with where it was deep. At two sites where the water table wells were completed in sand or till, a glaciated mountain valley in New Hampshire and stagnation moraine in North Dakota, the patterns of water table fluctuations were strongly related to the type of geologic unit in which the wells are completed. Furthermore, at the New Hampshire site, the patterns of water table fluctuations were clearly different for wells completed in sand downgradient of a lake compared with those completed in sandy terraces on a mountainside. The study indicates that principal component analysis would be particularly useful for summarizing large data sets for the purpose of selecting index wells for long-term monitoring, which would greatly reduce the cost of monitoring programs.Principal component analysis was used to define patterns in water table hydrographs at four small, lake-watershed research sites in the United States. The analysis provided insights into (1) characteristics of ground water recharge in different parts of the watersheds; (2) the effect of seepage from lakes on water table fluctuations; and (3) the effect of differences in geologic properties on water table fluctuations. At two sites where all of the water table wells were completed in permeable deposits, glacial outwash in Minnesota and dune sand in Nebraska, the patterns of water table fluctuation primarily reflected timing and magnitude of recharge. The water table had more frequent and wider ranges in fluctuations where it was shallow compared with where it was deep. At two sites where the water table wells were completed in sand or till, a glaciated mountain valley in New Hampshire and stagnation-moraine in North Dakota, the patterns of water table fluctuations were strongly related to the type of geologic unit in which the wells are completed. Furthermore, at the New Hampshire site, the patterns of water table fluctuations were clearly different for wells completed in sand downgradient of a lake compared with those completed in sandy terraces on a mountainside. The study indicates that principal component analysis would be particularly useful for summarizing large data sets for the purpose of selecting index wells for long-term monitoring, which would greatly reduce the cost of monitoring programs.","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Westerville, OH, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00335.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Mallory, S., Allen, T., and Rosenberry, D., 2000, The use of principal component analysis for interpreting ground water hydrographs: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 2, p. 234-246, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00335.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"246","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, Minnesota, Nebraska, North 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C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mallory, S.E.","contributorId":48737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallory","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, T.R.","contributorId":31170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":395437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022930,"text":"70022930 - 2000 - Late-Quaternary recharge determined from chloride in shallow groundwater in the central Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022930","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-Quaternary recharge determined from chloride in shallow groundwater in the central Great Plains","docAbstract":"An extensive suite of isotopic and geochemical tracers in groundwater has been used to provide hydrologic assessments of the hierarchy of flow systems in aquifers underlying the central Great Plains (southeastern Colorado and western Kansas) of the United States and to determine the late Pleistocene and Holocene paleotemperature and paleorecharge record. Hydrogeologic and geochemical tracer data permit classification of the samples into late Holocene, late Pleistocene-early Holocene, and much older Pleistocene groups. Paleorecharge rates calculated from the Cl concentration in the samples show that recharge rates were at least twice the late Holocene rate during late Pleistocene-early Holocene time, which is consistent with their relative depletion in 16O and D. Noble gas (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) temperature calculations confirm that these older samples represent a recharge environment approximately 5??C cooler than late Holocene values. These results are consistent with the global climate models that show a trend toward a warmer, more arid climate during the Holocene. (C) 2000 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1999.2113","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Macfarlane, P.A., Clark, J., Davisson, M., Hudson, G., and Whittemore, D.O., 2000, Late-Quaternary recharge determined from chloride in shallow groundwater in the central Great Plains: Quaternary Research, v. 53, no. 2, p. 167-174, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2113.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479190,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b48q3wf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2113"},{"id":233898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4566e4b0c8380cd672ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, J.F.","contributorId":24124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davisson, M.L.","contributorId":62277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davisson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, G.B.","contributorId":28768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1003657,"text":"1003657 - 2000 - Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T13:57:00","indexId":"1003657","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2555,"text":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads","docAbstract":"<p>The national distribution of information on the discovery of malformations in Minnesota frogs in 1995 stimulated collection and examination of newly metamorphosed frogs during 1996. By late summer and early fall of 1996, malformed frogs and toads were reported on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lands in Vermont (Northeast, Region 5) and Minnesota (Midwest, Region 3). In response to these reports, biologists in USFWS Regions 3 and 5 conducted a survey, during the summer of 1997 to determine the distribution and type of malformations in frogs and toads on selected federal lands. Region 3 personnel surveyed 38 field stations at National Wildlife Refuges (NWR's) and Wetland Management Districts. Malformed frogs and toads were collected at 23 (61%) of the Region 3 sites. External malformations were detected in 110 of 6632 individuals representing seven of 13 frog species and one of three toad species examined for an overall of 1.7% affected (percentages for affected species ranged from 0.4-5.2%). In Region 5, 17 NWR's and one National Park were surveyed. Malformed frogs were collected at 10 (56%) of the Region 5 sites. External malformations were detected in 58 of 2267 individuals representing six of 11 frog species and one of two toad species examined for an overall total of 2.6% affected (percentages for affected species ranged from 1.8-15.6%). The majority of malformations observed in frogs and toads collected in Regions 3 and 5 were partially or completely missing hind limbs and digits (50%)or malformed hind limbs and digits (14%). A few individuals had an extra limb or toe, missing or malformed front limb, missing eye, or malformation of the mandible. Despite small sample sizes at some sites, malformations were confirmed to be present in eight species of frogs and two species of toads on Federal lands in USFWS Regions 3 and 5. Further study is needed to determine the extent and distribution of amphibian malformations in these Regions. Data from this study were provided to the national database on distribution of malformed amphibians.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Iowa Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Mattsson, J., and Eaton-Poole, L., 2000, Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads: Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 107, no. 3, p. 160-167.","productDescription":"p. 160-167","startPage":"160","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, 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A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattsson, J.","contributorId":21514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eaton-Poole, L.","contributorId":69521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton-Poole","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023211,"text":"70023211 - 2000 - Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70023211","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone","docAbstract":"Four behavioral experiments conducted in both the laboratory and the field provide evidence that adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) select spawning rivers based on the odor of larvae that they contain and that bile acids released by the larvae are part of this pheromonal odor. First, when tested in a recirculating maze, migratory adult lamprey spent more time in water scented with larvae. However, when fully mature, adults lost their responsiveness to larvae and preferred instead the odor of mature individuals. Second, when tested in a flowing stream, migratory adults swam upstream more actively when the water was scented with larvae. Third, when migratory adults were tested in a laboratory maze containing still water, they exhibited enhanced swimming activity in the presence of a 0.1 nM concentration of the two unique bile acids released by larvae and detected by adult lamprey. Fourth, when adults were exposed to this bile acid mixture within flowing waters, they actively swam into it. Taken together, these data suggest that adult lamprey use a bile acid based larval pheromone to help them locate spawning rivers and that responsiveness to this cue is influenced by current flow, maturity, and time of day. Although the precise identity and function of the larval pheromone remain to be fully elucidated, we believe that this cue will ultimately prove useful as an attractant in sea lamprey control.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Bjerselius, R., Li, W., Teeter, J., Seelye, J., Johnsen, P., Maniak, P., Grant, G., Polkinghorne, C., and Sorensen, P., 2000, Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 3, p. 557-569.","startPage":"557","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01ace4b0c8380cd4fcda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerselius, R.","contributorId":15792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerselius","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, W.","contributorId":85361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teeter, J.H.","contributorId":38328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeter","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnsen, P.B.","contributorId":34293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnsen","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maniak, P.J.","contributorId":98915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maniak","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grant, G.C.","contributorId":101305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Polkinghorne, C.N.","contributorId":16193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polkinghorne","given":"C.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sorensen, P.W.","contributorId":66884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorensen","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70022663,"text":"70022663 - 2000 - Associations among fish assemblage structure and environmental variables in Willamette Basin streams, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T14:33:58.140195","indexId":"70022663","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations among fish assemblage structure and environmental variables in Willamette Basin streams, Oregon","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program, fish were collected from 24 selected stream sites in the Willamette Basin during 1993-1995 to determine the composition of the fish assemblages and their relation to the chemical and physical environment. Variance in fish relative abundance was greater among all sites than among spatially distinct reaches within a site (spatial variation) or among multiple sampled years at a site (temporal variation). Therefore, data from a single reach in an individual year was considered to be a reliable estimator of the fish assemblage structure at a site when the data were normalized by percent relative abundance. Multivariate classification and ordination were used to examine patterns in environmental variables and fish relative abundance over differing spatial scales (among versus within ecoregions). Across all ecoregions (all sites), fish assemblages were primarily structured along environmental gradients of water temperature and stream gradient (coldwater, high-gradient forested sites versus warmwater, low-gradient Willamette Valley sites); this pattern superseded patterns that were ecoregion specific. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and physical habitat (e.g., riparian canopy and percent riffles) were associated with patterns of fish assemblages across all ecoregions; however, pesticide and total phosphorus concentrations were more important than physical habitat within the Willamette Valley ecoregion. Consideration of stream site stratification (e.g., stream size, ecoregion, and stream gradient), identification of fish to species level (particularly the sculpin family), and detailed measurement of habitat, diurnal dissolved oxygen, and water temperature were critical in evaluating the composition of fish assemblages in relation to land use. In general, these low-gradient valley streams typical of other agricultural regions had poor riparian systems and showed increases in water temperature, nutrients, and fine grain sediments that were associated with degradation in the native fish assemblages. There was an association of high abundances of introduced species and high percent external abnormalities in medium-sized river sites of mixed land use and high abundances of tolerant species in small streams of predominantly agricultural land use.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0754:AAFASA>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Waite, I.R., and Carpenter, K.D., 2000, Associations among fish assemblage structure and environmental variables in Willamette Basin streams, Oregon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 3, p. 754-770, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0754:AAFASA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"754","endPage":"770","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.84912109375,\n              45.94351068030587\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.365478515625,\n              45.75219336063106\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.40942382812501,\n              45.44471679159555\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.68408203124999,\n              45.120052841530544\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.40942382812501,\n              44.91035917458495\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.629150390625,\n              44.5278427984555\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.365478515625,\n              44.174324837518895\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.804931640625,\n              43.88997537383687\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.85986328124999,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.50830078125,\n              43.18114705939968\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.101806640625,\n              42.80346172417078\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              42.956422511073335\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.51977539062499,\n              43.620170616189895\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.36596679687499,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.343994140625,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25610351562499,\n              44.98811302615805\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.95947265624999,\n              45.4986468234261\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.99243164062501,\n              45.66780526567164\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.607666015625,\n              45.767522962149876\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.871337890625,\n              45.744526980468436\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.33276367187499,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.67333984374999,\n              45.61403741135093\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84912109375,\n              45.94351068030587\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee92e4b0c8380cd49e2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Ian R. 0000-0003-1681-6955 iwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-6955","contributorId":616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Ian","email":"iwaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. 0000-0002-6231-8335 kdcar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6231-8335","contributorId":127442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022878,"text":"70022878 - 2000 - Manatee mortality in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022878","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Manatee mortality in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The most pressing problem in the effective management of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Puerto Rico is mortality due to human activities. We assessed 90 cases of manatee strandings in Puerto Rico based on historical data and a coordinated carcass salvage effort from 1990 through 1995. We determined patterns of mortality, including type of event, condition of carcasses, spatial and temporal distribution, gender, size/age class, and the cause of death. The spatial distribution of stranding events was not uniform, with the north, northeast, and south coasts having the highest numbers. Six clusters representing the highest incidence included the areas of Fajardo and Ceiba, Bahia de Jobos, Toa Baja, Guayanilla, Cabo Rojo, and Rio Grande to Luquillo. The number of reported cases has increased at an average rate of 9.6%/yr since 1990. The seasonality of stranding events showed a bimodal pattern, from February through April and in August and September. Most identified causes of death were due to human interaction, especially captures and watercraft collisions. Natural causes usually involved dependent calves. From 1990 through 1995, most deaths were attributed to watercraft collisions. A reduction in anthropogenic mortality of this endangered species can be accomplished only through education and a proactive management and conservation plan that includes law enforcement, mortality assessment, scientific research, rescue and rehabilitation, and inter- and intraagency cooperation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag New York","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","doi":"10.1007/s002679910015","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A., Montoya-Ospina, R.A., Jimenez-Marrero, N., Rodriguez-Lopez, M., Williams, E., and Bonde, R., 2000, Manatee mortality in Puerto Rico: Environmental Management, v. 25, no. 2, p. 189-198, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679910015.","startPage":"189","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679910015"},{"id":233576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ca0e4b0c8380cd69da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mignucci-Giannoni, A. A.","contributorId":11351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mignucci-Giannoni","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montoya-Ospina, R. A.","contributorId":47930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montoya-Ospina","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jimenez-Marrero, N. M.","contributorId":47951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jimenez-Marrero","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez-Lopez, M.","contributorId":28044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Lopez","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, E.H. Jr.","contributorId":17782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"E.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023206,"text":"70023206 - 2000 - Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment effect concentrations for polychlorinated biphenyls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:24:01","indexId":"70023206","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment effect concentrations for polychlorinated biphenyls","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sediment-quality guidelines (SQGs) have been published for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using both empirical and theoretical approaches. Empirically based guidelines have been developed using the screening-level concentration, effects range, effects level, and apparent effects threshold approaches. Theoretically based guidelines have been developed using the equilibrium-partitioning approach. Empirically-based guidelines were classified into three general categories, in accordance with their original narrative intents, and used to develop three consensus-based sediment effect concentrations (SECs) for total PCBs (tPCBs), including a threshold effect concentration, a midrange effect concentration, and an extreme effect concentration. Consensus-based SECs were derived because they estimate the central tendency of the published SQGs and, thus, reconcile the guidance values that have been derived using various approaches. Initially, consensus-based SECs for tPCBs were developed separately for freshwater sediments and for marine and estuarine sediments. Because the respective SECs were statistically similar, the underlying SQGs were subsequently merged and used to formulate more generally applicable SECs. The three consensus-based SECs were then evaluated for reliability using matching sediment chemistry and toxicity data from field studies, dose-response data from spiked-sediment toxicity tests, and SQGs derived from the equilibrium-partitioning approach. The results of this evaluation demonstrated that the consensus-based SECs can accurately predict both the presence and absence of toxicity in field-collected sediments. Importantly, the incidence of toxicity increases incrementally with increasing concentrations of tPCBs. Moreover, the consensus-based SECs are comparable to the chronic toxicity thresholds that have been estimated from dose-response data and equilibrium-partitioning models. Therefore, consensus-based SECs provide a unifying synthesis of existing SQGs, reflect causal rather than correlative effects, and accurately predict sediment toxicity in PCB-contaminated sediments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190524","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D.D., Dipinto, L.M., Field, J., Ingersoll, C.G., Long, E.R., and Swartz, R.C., 2000, Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment effect concentrations for polychlorinated biphenyls: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 5, p. 1403-1413, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190524.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1403","endPage":"1413","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0021e4b0c8380cd4f5dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":176179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dipinto, Lisa M.","contributorId":16619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dipinto","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, Jay","contributorId":80963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, Edward R.","contributorId":106365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swartz, Richard C.","contributorId":56005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swartz","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023197,"text":"70023197 - 2000 - Uncertainty estimation for resource assessment-an application to coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70023197","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty estimation for resource assessment-an application to coal","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a national assessment of coal resources. As part of that assessment, a geostatistical procedure has been developed to estimate the uncertainty of coal resources for the historical categories of geological assurance: measured, indicated, inferred, and hypothetical coal. Data consist of spatially clustered coal thickness measurements from coal beds and/or zones that cover, in some cases, several thousand square kilometers. Our procedure involved trend removal, an examination of spatial correlation, computation of a sample semivariogram, and fitting a semivariogram model. This model provided standard deviations for the uncertainty estimates. The number of sample points (drill holes) in each historical category also was estimated. Measurement error in the thickness of the coal bed/zone was obtained from the fitted model or supplied exogenously. From this information approximate estimates of uncertainty on the historical categories were computed. We illustrate the methodology using drill hole data from the Harmon coal bed located in southwestern North Dakota. The methodology will be applied to approximately 50 coal data sets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007519703684","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Schuenemeyer, J., and Power, H., 2000, Uncertainty estimation for resource assessment-an application to coal: Mathematical Geology, v. 32, no. 5, p. 521-541, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007519703684.","startPage":"521","endPage":"541","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208019,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007519703684"},{"id":233376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc20e4b08c986b328a49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuenemeyer, J.H.","contributorId":106094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, H.C.","contributorId":74259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023193,"text":"70023193 - 2000 - Formation evaluation of gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments on the Blake Ridge with downhole geochemical log measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023193","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Formation evaluation of gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments on the Blake Ridge with downhole geochemical log measurements","docAbstract":"The analyses of downhole log data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) boreholes on the Blake Ridge at Sites 994, 995, and 997 indicate that the Schlumberger geochemical logging tool (GLT) may yield useful gas hydrate reservoir data. In neutron spectroscopy downhole logging, each element has a characteristic gamma ray that is emitted from a given neutron-element interaction. Specific elements can be identified by their characteristic gamma-ray signature, with the intensity of emission related to the atomic elemental concentration. By combining elemental yields from neutron spectroscopy logs, reservoir parameters including porosities, lithologies, formation fluid salinities, and hydrocarbon saturations (including gas hydrate) can be calculated. Carbon and oxygen elemental data from the GLT was used to determine gas hydrate saturations at all three sites (Sites 994, 995, and 997) drilled on the Blake Ridge during Leg 164. Detailed analyses of the carbon and oxygen content of various sediments and formation fluids were used to construct specialized carbon/oxygen ratio (COR) fan charts for a series of hypothetical gas hydrate accumulations. For more complex geologic systems, a modified version of the standard three-component COR hydrocarbon saturation equation was developed and used to calculate gas hydrate saturations on the Blake Ridge. The COR-calculated gas hydrate saturations (ranging from about 2% to 14% bulk volume gas hydrate) from the Blake Ridge compare favorably to the gas hydrate saturations derived from electrical resistivity log measurements.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","language":"English","issn":"08845891","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., and Wendlandt, R.F., 2000, Formation evaluation of gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments on the Blake Ridge with downhole geochemical log measurements, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 164, p. 199-215.","startPage":"199","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a134be4b0c8380cd545d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wendlandt, R. F.","contributorId":20467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wendlandt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023185,"text":"70023185 - 2000 - Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T15:32:55.2752","indexId":"70023185","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined the relationship between local water conditions (measured as the percent of total area of basins covered by water) and clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of Mallards (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>) and Gadwalls (</span><i>A. strepera</i><span>) on four study sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1988–1994. We also examined the relationship between pond density and clutch size of Mallards and Gadwalls, using data collected at another North Dakota site, 1966–1981. For Mallards, we found no relationships to be significant. For Gadwalls, clutch size increased with percent basin area wet and pond density; hatchling mass marginally increased with percent basin area wet. These species differences may reflect, in part, that Mallards acquire lipid reserves used to produce early clutches before they reach the breeding grounds, whereas Gadwalls acquire lipid reserves locally; thus Gadwall clutches are more likely to be influenced by local food resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/condor/102.4.936","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Krapu, G., Buhl, D., and Brandt, D., 2000, Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region: Condor, v. 102, no. 4, p. 936-940, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.4.936.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"936","endPage":"940","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479280,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.4.936","text":"Publisher Index 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L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, D. A. 0000-0002-8563-5990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":13571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, D.A.","contributorId":67448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023179,"text":"70023179 - 2000 - Comparing strengths of geographic and nongeographic classifications of stream benthic macroinvertebrates in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T17:40:35.165021","indexId":"70023179","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing strengths of geographic and nongeographic classifications of stream benthic macroinvertebrates in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The US Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) sampled ∼500 wadeable streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region of the US during the late spring of 1993 to 1995 for a variety of physical, chemical, and biological indicators of environmental condition. Eighty-eight sites that were minimally affected by human activities were chosen to determine the extent to which geographic and stream-based classifications accounted for variation in the composition of riffle macroinvertebrate assemblages. Bray–Curtis similarities among sites were calculated from the relative abundance of macroinvertebrates to assess the strength of classifications based on geography (ecoregions and catchments), habitat (slope and stream order), and water chemistry (conductivity). For comparison, a taxonomic classification (two-way indicator species analysis, TWINSPAN) and a gradient analysis (correspondence analysis, CA) were performed on the macroinvertebrate data. To assess the effect of taxonomic resolution, all analyses were completed at the family level and to lowest practical taxon. The large overall variation within and among ecoregions resulted in a low average classification strength (<i>CS</i>) of ecoregions, although some ecoregions had high<span>&nbsp;</span><i>CS.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Stream order had the highest<span>&nbsp;</span><i>CS</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of the habitat and water chemistry classifications. Ecoregion<span>&nbsp;</span><i>CS</i><span>&nbsp;</span>increased, however, when stream sites were 1<sup>st</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>stratified by stream order (ecoregions nested within stream order). Nested ecoregion<span>&nbsp;</span><i>CS</i><span>&nbsp;</span>did not increase within 1<sup>st</sup>-order streams, yet increased within 2<sup>nd</sup>- and 3<sup>rd</sup>-order streams. CA ordinations and TWINSPAN classification showed a clear gradient of streams along stream size (order), with a clear separation of 1<sup>st</sup>- and 3<sup>rd</sup>-order streams based on macroinvertebrate composition. The ordinations did not, however, show a distinct clustering of sites on the basis of ecoregions. Overall, the lowest practical taxon level of identification resulted in a clearer pattern of sites in ordination space than did family-level identification, yet only a slight improvement in the different classifications (geographic, habitat, and water chemistry) based on average similarity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468105","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Waite, I., Herlihy, A., Larsen, D.P., and Klemm, D., 2000, Comparing strengths of geographic and nongeographic classifications of stream benthic macroinvertebrates in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, USA: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 19, no. 3, p. 429-441, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468105.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"441","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New York, 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