{"pageNumber":"1162","pageRowStart":"29025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40893,"records":[{"id":30971,"text":"wri014129 - 2001 - Geochemistry of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Black Hills area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri014129","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4129","title":"Geochemistry of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Black Hills area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Madison and Minnelusa aquifers are two of the most important aquifers in the Black Hills area because of utilization for water supplies and important influences on surface-water resources resulting from large springs and streamflow- loss zones. Examination of geochemical information provides a better understanding of the complex flow systems within these aquifers and interactions between the aquifers.\r\n\r\nMajor-ion chemistry in both aquifers is dominated by calcium and bicarbonate near outcrop areas, with basinward evolution towards various other water types. The most notable differences in major-ion chemistry between the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers are in concentrations of sulfate within the Minnelusa aquifer. Sulfate concentrations increase dramatically near a transition zone where dissolution of anhydrite is actively occurring.\r\n\r\nWater chemistry for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers is controlled by reactions among calcite, dolomite, and anhydrite. Saturation indices for gypsum, calcite, and dolomite for most samples in both the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers are indicative of the occurrence of dedolomitization. Because water in the Madison aquifer remains undersaturated with respect to gypsum, even at the highest sulfate concentrations, upward leakage into the overlying Minnelusa aquifer has potential to drive increased dissolution of anhydrite in the Minnelusa Formation.\r\n\r\nIsotopic information is used to evaluate ground-water flowpaths, ages, and mixing conditions for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers. Distinctive patterns exist in the distribution of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in precipitation for the Black Hills area, with isotopically lighter precipitation generally occurring at higher elevations and latitudes. Distributions of 18O in ground water are consistent with spatial patterns in recharge areas, with isotopically lighter 18O values in the Madison aquifer resulting from generally higher elevation recharge sources, relative to the Minnelusa aquifer.\r\n\r\nThree conceptual models, which are simplifications of lumped-parameter models, are considered for evaluation of mixing conditions and general ground-water ages. For a simple slug-flow model, which assumes no mixing, measured tritium concentrations in ground water can be related through a first-order decay equation to estimated concentrations at the time of recharge. Two simplified mixing models that assume equal proportions of annual recharge over a range of years also are considered. An ?immediate-arrival? model is used to conceptually represent conditions in outcrop areas and a ?time-delay? model is used for locations removed from outcrops, where delay times for earliest arrival of ground water generally would be expected. Because of limitations associated with estimating tritium input and gross simplifying assumptions of equal annual recharge and thorough mixing conditions, the conceptual models are used only for general evaluation of mixing conditions and approximation of age ranges.\r\n\r\nHeadwater springs, which are located in or near outcrop areas, have the highest tritium concentrations, which is consistent with the immediate-arrival mixing model. Tritium concentrations for many wells are very low, or nondetectable, indicating general applicability of the timedelay conceptual model for locations beyond outcrop areas, where artesian conditions generally occur. Concentrations for artesian springs generally are higher than for wells, which indicates generally shorter delay times resulting from preferential flowpaths that typically are associated with artesian springs.\r\n\r\nIn the Rapid City area, a distinct division of isotopic values for the Madison aquifer corresponds with distinguishing 18O signatures for nearby streams, where large streamflow recharge occurs. Previous dye testing in this area documented rapid ground-water flow (timeframe of weeks) from a streamflow loss zone to sites located several miles away. These results are used to ill","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014129","usgsCitation":"Naus, C.A., Driscoll, D.G., and Carter, J.M., 2001, Geochemistry of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Black Hills area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4129, 118 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014129.","productDescription":"118 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2950,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naus, Cheryl A.","contributorId":82749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naus","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel G. dgdrisco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":204485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30976,"text":"wri014201 - 2001 - The search for reliable aqueous solubility (Sw) and octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) data for hydrophobic organic compounds; DDT and DDE as a case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-22T11:29:39","indexId":"wri014201","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4201","title":"The search for reliable aqueous solubility (Sw) and octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) data for hydrophobic organic compounds; DDT and DDE as a case study","docAbstract":"<p>The accurate determination of an organic contaminant’s physico-chemical properties is essential for predicting its environmental impact and fate. Approximately 700 publications (1944–2001) were reviewed and all known aqueous solubilities (S<sub>w</sub>) and octanol-water partition coefficients (K<sub>ow</sub>) for the organochlorine pesticide, DDT, and its persistent metabolite, DDE were compiled and examined. Two problems are evident with the available database: 1) egregious errors in reporting data and references, and 2) poor data quality and/or inadequate documentation of procedures. The published literature (particularly the collative literature such as compilation articles and handbooks) is characterized by a preponderance of unnecessary data duplication. Numerous data and citation errors are also present in the literature. The percentage of original S<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and K<sub>ow</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>data in compilations has decreased with time, and in the most recent publications (1994–97) it composes only 6–26 percent of the reported data. The variability of original DDT/DDE S<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and K<sub>ow</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>data spans 2–4 orders of magnitude, and there is little indication that the uncertainty in these properties has declined over the last 5 decades. A criteria-based evaluation of DDT/DDE S<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and K<sub>ow</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>data sources shows that 95–100 percent of the database literature is of poor or unevaluatable quality. The accuracy and reliability of the vast majority of the data are unknown due to inadequate documentation of the methods of determination used by the authors. [For example, estimates of precision have been reported for only 20 percent of experimental S<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>data and 10 percent of experimental K<sub>ow</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>data.] Computational methods for estimating these parameters have been increasingly substituted for direct or indirect experimental determination despite the fact that the data used for model development and validation may be of unknown reliability. Because of the prevalence of errors, the lack of methodological documentation, and unsatisfactory data quality, the reliability of the DDT/ DDE S<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and K<sub>ow</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>database is questionable. The nature and extent of the errors documented in this study are probably indicative of a more general problem in the literature of hydrophobic organic compounds. Under these circumstances, estimation of critical environmental parameters on the basis of S<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and K<sub>ow</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(for example, bioconcentration factors, equilibrium partition coefficients) is inadvisable because it will likely lead to incorrect environmental risk assessments. The current state of the database indicates that much greater efforts are needed to: 1) halt the proliferation of erroneous data and references, 2) initiate a coordinated program to develop improved methods of property determination, 3) establish and maintain consistent reporting requirements for physico-chemical property data, and 4) create a mechanism for archiving reliable data for widespread use in the scientific/regulatory community.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014201","usgsCitation":"Pontolillo, J., and Eganhouse, R., 2001, The search for reliable aqueous solubility (Sw) and octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) data for hydrophobic organic compounds; DDT and DDE as a case study: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4201, 51 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014201.","productDescription":"51 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2954,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014201","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640d38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pontolillo, James jpontoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontolillo","given":"James","email":"jpontoli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, R.P.","contributorId":67555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31357,"text":"ofr00173 - 2001 - Computer program for simulation of variable recharge with the U. S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"ofr00173","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-173","title":"Computer program for simulation of variable recharge with the U. S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW)","docAbstract":"The Variable-Recharge Package is a\r\ncomputerized method designed for use with the\r\nU.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional finitedifference\r\nground-water flow model\r\n(MODFLOW-88) to simulate areal recharge to an\r\naquifer. It is suitable for simulations of aquifers in\r\nwhich the relation between ground-water levels\r\nand land surface can affect the amount and\r\ndistribution of recharge. The method is based on\r\nthe premise that recharge to an aquifer cannot\r\noccur where the water level is at or above land\r\nsurface. Consequently, recharge will vary\r\nspatially in simulations in which the Variable-\r\nRecharge Package is applied, if the water levels\r\nare sufficiently high. The input data required by\r\nthe program for each model cell that can\r\npotentially receive recharge includes the average\r\nland-surface elevation and a quantity termed\r\n?water available for recharge,? which is equal to\r\nprecipitation minus evapotranspiration.\r\nThe Variable-Recharge Package also can\r\nbe used to simulate recharge to a valley-fill\r\naquifer in which the valley fill and the adjoining\r\nuplands are explicitly simulated. Valley-fill\r\naquifers, which are the most common type of\r\naquifer in the glaciated northeastern United\r\nStates, receive much of their recharge from\r\nupland sources as channeled and(or) unchanneled\r\nsurface runoff and as lateral ground-water flow.\r\nSurface runoff in the uplands is generated in the\r\nmodel when the applied water available for\r\nrecharge is rejected because simulated water\r\nlevels are at or above land surface. The surface\r\nrunoff can be distributed to other parts of the\r\nmodel by (1) applying the amount of the surface\r\nrunoff that flows to upland streams (channeled\r\nrunoff) to explicitly simulated streams that flow\r\nonto the valley floor, and(or) (2) applying the\r\namount that flows downslope toward the valley-\r\nfill aquifer (unchanneled runoff) to specified\r\nmodel cells, typically those near the valley wall.\r\nAn example model of an idealized valley-\r\nfill aquifer is presented to demonstrate application\r\nof the method and the type of information that can\r\nbe derived from its use. Documentation of the\r\nVariable-Recharge Package is provided in the\r\nappendixes and includes listings of model code\r\nand of program variables. Comment statements in\r\nthe program listings provide a narrative of the\r\ncode. Input-data instructions and printed model\r\noutput for the package are included.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr00173","usgsCitation":"Kontis, A., 2001, Computer program for simulation of variable recharge with the U. S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-173, vi, 75 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00173.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3022,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ny.water.usgs.gov/pubs/of/of00173/OF00-173.pdf ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0173/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59769,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a781d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kontis, A.L.","contributorId":69542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontis","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70162163,"text":"70162163 - 2001 - Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:33:30","indexId":"70162163","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem","docAbstract":"<p><span>A primary focus of coastal science during the past 3 decades has been the question: How does anthropogenic nutrient enrichment cause change in the structure or function of nearshore coastal ecosystems? This theme of environmental science is recent, so our conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem continues to change rapidly. In this review, I suggest that the early (Phase I) conceptual model was strongly influenced by limnologists, who began intense study of lake eutrophication by the 1960s. The Phase I model emphasized changing nutrient input as a signal, and responses to that signal as increased phytoplankton biomass and primary production, decomposition of phytoplankton-derived organic matter, and enhanced depletion of oxygen from bottom waters. Coastal research in recent decades has identified key differences in the responses of lakes and coastal-estuarine ecosystems to nutrient enrichment. The contemporary (Phase II) conceptual model reflects those differences and includes explicit recognition of (1) system-specific attributes that act as a filter to modulate the responses to enrichment (leading to large differences among estuarine-coastal systems in their sensitivity to nutrient enrichment); and (2) a complex suite of direct and indirect responses including linked changes in: water transparency, distribution of vascular plants and biomass of macroalgae, sediment biogeochemistry and nutrient cycling, nutrient ratios and their regulation of phytoplankton community composition, frequency of toxic/harmful algal blooms, habitat quality for metazoans, reproduction/growth/survival of pelagic and benthic invertebrates, and subtle changes such as shifts in the seasonality of ecosystem functions. Each aspect of the Phase II model is illustrated here with examples from coastal ecosystems around the world. In the last section of this review I present one vision of the next (Phase III) stage in the evolution of our conceptual model, organized around 5 questions that will guide coastal science in the early 21st century: (1) How do system-specific attributes constrain or amplify the responses of coastal ecosystems to nutrient enrichment? (2) How does nutrient enrichment interact with other stressors (toxic contaminants, fishing harvest, aquaculture, nonindigenous species, habitat loss, climate change, hydrologic manipulations) to change coastal ecosystems? (3) How are responses to multiple stressors linked? (4) How does human-induced change in the coastal zone impact the Earth system as habitat for humanity and other species? (5) How can a deeper scientific understanding of the coastal eutrophication problem be applied to develop tools for building strategies at ecosystem restoration or rehabilitation?</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps210223","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., 2001, Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 210, p. 223-253, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps210223.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"253","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps210223","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"210","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5698d4cfe4b0fbd3f7fa4c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44993,"text":"wri014234 - 2001 - Estimates of evapotranspiration from the Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge area, Ruby Valley, northeastern Nevada, May 1999–October 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T22:27:05.675435","indexId":"wri014234","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4234","title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration from the Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge area, Ruby Valley, northeastern Nevada, May 1999–October 2000","docAbstract":"The Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Ruby Valley, Nevada, contains the largest area of perennial wetlands in northeastern Nevada and provides habitat to a large number of migratory and nesting waterfowl. The long-term preservation of the refuge depends on the availability of sufficient water to maintain optimal habitat conditions. In the Ruby Valley water budget, evapotranspiration (ET) from the refuge is one of the largest components of natural outflow. To help determine the amount of inflow needed to maintain wetland habitat, estimates of ET for May 1999 through October 2000 were made at major habitats throughout the refuge.\r\n\r\nThe Bowen-ratio method was used to estimate daily ET at four sites: over open water, in a moderate-to-dense cover of bulrush marsh, in a moderate cover of mixed phreatophytic shrubs, and in a desert-shrub upland. The eddy-correlation method was used to estimate daily ET for periods of 2 to 12 weeks at a meadow site and at four sites in a sparse-to-moderate cover of phreatophytic shrubs. Daily ET rates ranged from less than 0.010 inch per day at all of the sites to a maximum of 0.464 inch per day at the open-water site. Average daily ET rates estimated for open water and a bulrush marsh were about four to five times greater than in areas of mixed phreatophytic shrubs, where the depth to ground water is less than 5 feet. Based on the seasonal distribution of major habitats in the refuge and on winter and summer ET rates, an estimated total of about 89,000 acre-feet of water was consumed by ET during October 1999-September 2000 (2000 water year). Of this total, about 49,800 acre-feet was consumed by ET in areas of open water and bulrush marsh.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014234","usgsCitation":"Berger, D.L., Johnson, M.J., Tumbusch, M.L., and Mackay, J., 2001, Estimates of evapotranspiration from the Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge area, Ruby Valley, northeastern Nevada, May 1999–October 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4234, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014234.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3865,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014234","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394482,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45205.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.5370,\n              40.0330\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.25,\n              40.0330\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.25,\n              40.342\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.5370,\n              40.342\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.5370,\n              40.0330\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcafe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, David L. dlberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"David","email":"dlberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michael J. johnsonm@usgs.gov","contributorId":2282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"johnsonm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tumbusch, Mary L.","contributorId":37377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tumbusch","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mackay, Jeffrey","contributorId":26577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackay","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31387,"text":"ofr01217 - 2001 - Mississippi Basin Carbon Project: Upland soil database for sites in Nishnabotna River basin, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-14T17:14:45.824757","indexId":"ofr01217","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-217","title":"Mississippi Basin Carbon Project: Upland soil database for sites in Nishnabotna River basin, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The conversion of land from its native state to an agricultural use commonly results in a significant loss of soil carbon (Mann, 1985; Davidson and Ackerman, 1993). Globally, this loss is estimated to account for as much as 1/3 of the net CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for the period of 1850 to 1980 (Houghton and others, 1983). Roughly 20 to 40 percent of original soil carbon is estimated to be lost as CO<sub>2</sub> as a result of agricultural conversion, or \"decomposition enhancement\". Global models use this estimate along with land conversion data to provide agricultural contributions of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for global carbon budgets (Houghton and others, 1983; Schimel, 1995).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Soil erosion rates are significantly (10X) higher on croplands than on their undisturbed equivalents (Dabney and others, 1997). Most of the concern over erosion is related to diminished productivity of the uplands (Stallings, 1957; McGregor and others, 1969; Rhoton, 1990) or to increased hazards and navigability of the lowlands in the late 1800's to early 1900's. Yet because soil carbon is concentrated at the soil surface, with an exponential decline in concentration with depth (Harden et al, 1999), it is clear that changes in erosion rates seen on croplands must also impact soil carbon storage and terrestrial carbon budgets as well.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>As yet, erosional losses of carbon are not included in global carbon budgets explicitly as a factor in land conversion nor implicitly as a portion of the decomposition enhancement. However, recent work by Lal and others (1995) and by Stallard (1998) suggests that significant amounts of eroded soil may be stored in man-made reservoirs and depositional environments as a result of agricultural conversion. Moreover, Stallard points out that eroding soils have the potential for replacing part of the carbon trapped in man-made reservoirs. If true, then the global carbon budget may grossly underestimate or ignore a significant sink term resulting from the burial of eroded soil.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01217","usgsCitation":"Harden, J., Fries, T.L., Haughy, R., Kramer, L., and Zheng, S., 2001, Mississippi Basin Carbon Project: Upland soil database for sites in Nishnabotna River basin, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-217, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01217.","productDescription":"17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466226,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43374.htm","text":"Deep Loess Research Station site near Treynor, Iowa","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3061,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":408266,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43373.htm","text":"Dinesen Prairie site near Harlan, Iowa","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0217/pdf/of01-217text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Nishnabotna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.367,\n              41.6330\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.283,\n              41.6330\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.283,\n              41.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.367,\n              41.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.367,\n              41.6330\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fries, T. L.","contributorId":12053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haughy, R.","contributorId":73253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haughy","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kramer, L.","contributorId":14365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zheng, Shuhui","contributorId":29490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Shuhui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":30967,"text":"wri014212 - 2001 - Vertical profiles of streambed hydraulic conductivity determined using slug tests in central and western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T15:26:43","indexId":"wri014212","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4212","title":"Vertical profiles of streambed hydraulic conductivity determined using slug tests in central and western Nebraska","docAbstract":"Many issues of water-resources management\nrely on modeling of ground-water/surfacewater\ninteractions, and streambed hydraulic\nconductivity is a key parameter controlling the\nwater fluxes across the stream/aquifer interface.\nHowever, in central and western Nebraska, this\nparameter is generally undefined. The U.S.\nGeological Survey, in cooperation with the\nNebraska Platte River Cooperative Hydrology\nStudy Group, performed slug tests at 15 stream\nsites in the Platte, Republican, and Little Blue\nRiver watersheds to determine the hydraulic\nconductivity of streambeds in central and western\nNebraska. Slug tests were completed at several\ndiscrete depth intervals using pneumatic or\nmechanical methods, and the water-level response\nwas monitored on site using a pressure transducer\nand laptop computer. Responses were analyzed\nusing either the Bouwer and Rice or Springer and\nGelhar methods. Vertical profiles of hydraulic\nconductivity with depth were developed and were\ncompared to available information on lithology.\nThe profiles and corresponding lithology\nshowed that different types of streambeds were\ntested and suggested that some streambeds\ndisplay a large variability in hydraulic conductivity\nwith depth. In some cases, hydraulic\nconductivity values associated with nonstreambed\nmaterials could be identified from nearby\nlithologic descriptions. Seven of 15 sites had\nstreambed values that ranged over more than\n3 orders of magnitude, and that variability\nincreased significantly when the measurements\nconsidered to be from nonstreambed materials\nwere included. Streambed profiles from the Platte\nand South Platte River sites generally were more\nhomogeneous and of larger hydraulic conductivity\nthan the other sites. No restrictive layers\nwere detected at any of the streambed sites on the\nmain stems or the flood plains of the main stems\nof their respective watersheds. Alternatively, the\nprofiles characterized by a restrictive streambed\nlayer at some depth below the streambed surface\nwere all from tributary sites out of the main-stem\nflood plain. These profiles can be used to represent\nthe streambed hydraulic conductivity in\ncentral and western Nebraska in various applications,\nincluding modeling ground-water/surfacewater\ninteractions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lincoln, NB","doi":"10.3133/wri014212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Platte River Cooperative Hydrology Study Group","usgsCitation":"Rus, D.L., McGuire, V.L., Zurbuchen, B.R., and Zlotnik, V.A., 2001, Vertical profiles of streambed hydraulic conductivity determined using slug tests in central and western Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4212, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014212.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014212.jpg"},{"id":286071,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4212/report.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.15,40.15 ], [ -104.15,41.93 ], [ -96.83,41.93 ], [ -96.83,40.15 ], [ -104.15,40.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60212a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rus, David L. 0000-0003-3538-7826 dlrus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-7826","contributorId":881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"David","email":"dlrus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zurbuchen, Brian R.","contributorId":81531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zurbuchen","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zlotnik, Vitaly A.","contributorId":19985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zlotnik","given":"Vitaly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31383,"text":"ofr01189 - 2001 - Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1, 1994 through December 31, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T15:11:36","indexId":"ofr01189","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-189","title":"Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1, 1994 through December 31, 1999","docAbstract":"<p>The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska - Fairbanks, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, has maintained a seismic monitoring program at potentially active volcanoes in Alaska since 1988 (Power and others, 1993; Jolly and others, 1996). The primary objectives of this program are the seismic surveillance of active, potentially hazardous, Alaskan volcanoes and the investigation of seismic processes associated with active volcanism.</p><p>Between 1994 and 1999, the AVO seismic monitoring program underwent significant changes with networks added at new volcanoes during each summer from 1995 through 1999. The existing network at Katmai –Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) was repaired in 1995, and new networks were installed at Makushin (1996), Akutan (1996), Pavlof (1996), Katmai - south (1996), Aniakchak (1997), Shishaldin (1997), Katmai - north (1998), Westdahl, (1998), Great Sitkin (1999) and Kanaga (1999). These networks added to AVO's existing seismograph networks in the Cook Inlet area and increased the number of AVO seismograph stations from 46 sites and 57 components in 1994 to 121 sites and 155 components in 1999. The 1995–1999 seismic network expansion increased the number of volcanoes monitored in real-time from 4 to 22, including Mount Spurr, Redoubt Volcano, Iliamna Volcano, Augustine Volcano, Mount Snowy, Mount Griggs, Mount Katmai, Novarupta, Trident Volcano, Mount Mageik, Mount Martin, Aniakchak Crater, Pavlof Volcano, Mount Dutton, Isanotski volcano, Shisaldin Volcano, Fisher Caldera, Westdahl volcano, Akutan volcano, Makushin Volcano, Great Sitkin volcano, and Kanaga Volcano (see Figures 1-15). The network expansion also increased the number of earthquakes located from about 600 per year in1994 and 1995 to about 3000 per year between 1997 and 1999.</p><p>Highlights of the catalog period include: 1) a large volcanogenic seismic swarm at Akutan volcano in March and April 1996 (Lu and others, 2000); 2) an eruption at Pavlof Volcano in fall 1996 (Garces and others, 2000; McNutt and others, 2000); 3) an earthquake swarm at Iliamna volcano between September and December 1996; 4) an earthquake swarm at Mount Mageik in October 1996 (Jolly and McNutt, 1999); 5) an earthquake swarm located at shallow depth near Strandline Lake; 6) a strong swarm of earthquakes near Becharof Lake; 7) precursory seismicity and an eruption at Shishaldin Volcano in April 1999 that included a 5.2 ML earthquake and aftershock sequence (Moran and others, in press; Thompson and others, in press). The 1996 calendar year is also notable as the seismicity rate was very high, especially in the fall when 3 separate areas (Strandline Lake, Iliamna Volcano, and several of the Katmai volcanoes) experienced high rates of located earthquakes.</p><p>This catalog covers the period from January 1, 1994, through December 31,1999, and includes: 1) earthquake origin times, hypocenters, and magnitudes with summary statistics describing the earthquake location quality; 2) a description of instruments deployed in the field and their locations and magnifications; 3) a description of earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival; 4) velocity models used for earthquake locations; 5) phase arrival times recorded at individual stations; and 6) a summary of daily station usage from throughout the report period. We have made calculated hypocenters, station locations, system magnifications, velocity models, and phase arrival information available for download via computer network as a compressed Unix tar file.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01189","usgsCitation":"Jolly, A.D., Stihler, S.D., Power, J.A., Lahr, J.C., Paskievitch, J., Tytgat, G., Estes, S., Lockhart, A., Moran, S.C., McNutt, S.R., and Hammond, W.R., 2001, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1, 1994 through December 31, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-189, Report: 22 p.; Appendix B; Download: TAR.GZ file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01189.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; Appendix B; Download: TAR.GZ file","numberOfPages":"22","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01189.jpg"},{"id":3058,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0189/pdf/of01-189.pdf","text":"Report","size":"522 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":282543,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0189/pdf/appendixb.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix B"},{"id":282544,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0189/ofr01-189-tar.gz","text":"Data Files","size":"14.5 MB","description":"Data Files"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.0,52.0 ], [ -178.0,64.0 ], [ -138.0,64.0 ], [ -138.0,52.0 ], [ -178.0,52.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efb90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jolly, Arthur D.","contributorId":57913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolly","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lahr, John C.","contributorId":20328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paskievitch, John","contributorId":74050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskievitch","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tytgat, Guy","contributorId":71152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tytgat","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Estes, Steve","contributorId":55881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lockhart, Andrew B. ablock@usgs.gov","contributorId":632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockhart","given":"Andrew B.","email":"ablock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McNutt, Stephen R.","contributorId":38133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hammond, William R.","contributorId":76375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":31385,"text":"ofr01198 - 2001 - Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T12:53:50.256124","indexId":"ofr01198","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-198","title":"Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2000","docAbstract":"The Western Earth Surface Processes Team (WESP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts geologic mapping and related topical earth science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis in 2000 included southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Pacific Northwest, the Las Vegas urban corridor, and selected National Park lands. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the western United States. The results of research conducted by the WESPT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WESPT released in 2000 as well as additional 1999 publications that were not included in the previous list (USGS Open-file Report 00-215). Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WESPT staff. The list also includes some publications authored by non-USGS cooperators with the WESPT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WESPT in cooperation with WESPT projects. Several of the publications listed are available on the World Wide Web; for these, URL addresses are provided. Many of these Web publications are USGS open-file reports that contain large digital databases of geologic map and related information.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01198","usgsCitation":"Powell, C.L., and Stone, P., 2001, Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-198, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01198.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59770,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281577,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0198/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687d3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31389,"text":"ofr2001221 - 2001 - Resource materials for a GIS spatial analysis course","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr2001221","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-221","title":"Resource materials for a GIS spatial analysis course","docAbstract":"This report consists of materials prepared for a GIS spatial analysis course offered as part of the Geography curriculum at the University of Nevada, Reno and the University of California at Santa Barbara in the spring of 2000. The report is intended to share information with instructors preparing spatial-modeling training and scientists with advanced GIS expertise. The students taking this class had completed each universities GIS curriculum and had a foundation in statistics as part of a science major. This report is organized into chapters that contain the following:\r\n\r\n\r\nSlides used during lectures,\r\n\r\nGuidance on the use of Arcview,\r\n\r\nIntroduction to filtering in Arcview,\r\n\r\nConventional and spatial correlation in Arcview,\r\n\r\nTools for fuzzification in Arcview,\r\n\r\nData and instructions for creating using ArcSDM for simple weights-of-evidence, fuzzy logic, and neural network models for Carlin-type gold deposits in central Nevada,\r\n\r\nReading list on spatial modeling, and\r\n\r\nSelected student spatial-modeling posters from the laboratory exercises. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001221","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 2001, Resource materials for a GIS spatial analysis course (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-221, 216 p.; data files; 1 p. readme text, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001221.","productDescription":"216 p.; data files; 1 p. readme text","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10483,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f84c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":48162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31408,"text":"ofr01297 - 2001 - The Silent Canyon caldera — A three dimensional model as part of a Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley, Nevada, hydrogeologic model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T12:30:50.467319","indexId":"ofr01297","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-297","title":"The Silent Canyon caldera — A three dimensional model as part of a Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley, Nevada, hydrogeologic model","docAbstract":"A 3-dimensional caldera model based on gravity inversion, drill-hole data, and geologic mapping offers the framework for a hydrogeologic evaluation of the Silent Canyon caldera in the central part of Pahute Mesa, Nevada.\n\nIt has been recognized for several decades that the central part of Pahute Mesa is the site of a buried caldera called the Silent Canyon caldera. Conceptually, the structural framework of the Silent Canyon caldera is based on the idea of collapse of the caldera roof over a shallow magma chamber to form a structural basin following violent volcanic eruptions. Calderas are common in certain volcanic regions of the world, and most well-exposed calderas are broadly similar to each other, particularly the arcuate or circular shape of their collapse depression. There are other reasons for modeling the Silent Canyon caldera as a circular feature in addition to knowledge that calderas throughout the world are generally circular features. The Silent Canyon caldera is the site of one of the largest gravity lows in the Western United States, indicating a thick accumulation of low-density rocks such as lavas and tuffs—a fact confirmed by drilling on Pahute Mesa. This gravity low is bowl-shaped, and the uppermost volcanic units on Pahute Mesa form a circular outcrop pattern of inward-dipping tuff interpreted to be the result of their filling the upper part of the bowl-shaped depression. Together, these features are consistent with, and indicative of, a circular collapse structural model for the Silent Canyon caldera. The collapse depression of the Silent Canyon caldera, bounded by arcuate faults, is filled with as much as 6 km (19,800 ft) of volcanic and sedimentary rocks that are considerably less dense than the underlying and surrounding basement rocks. The boundary surface between less dense caldera fill and more dense basement is modeled as the caldera ring fault. Rocks in the upper part of the caldera fill are penetrated by drilling, and the drill-hole data are the basis for 3-dimensional computer modeling of the thickness and distribution of the rock units. The displacement on younger N-S faults that cut the caldera is also determined by offset of the computer derived surfaces defined by the drill-hole intercepts of stratigraphic units.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01297","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.H., Phelps, G.A., and Mankinen, E.A., 2001, The Silent Canyon caldera — A three dimensional model as part of a Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley, Nevada, hydrogeologic model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-297, i, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01297.","productDescription":"i, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01297.jpg"},{"id":2524,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0297/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":408770,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43088.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282723,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0297/pdf/of01-297.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pahute Mesa-Oasis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.599,\n              37.147\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.599,\n              37.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.212,\n              37.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.212,\n              37.147\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.599,\n              37.147\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6687c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelps, Geoffery A.","contributorId":23167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffery","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31402,"text":"ofr01267 - 2001 - Spatial variability of sediment erosion processes using GIS analysis within watersheds in a historically mined region, Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-24T12:41:39","indexId":"ofr01267","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-267","title":"Spatial variability of sediment erosion processes using GIS analysis within watersheds in a historically mined region, Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"In this study, a geographic information system (GIS) is used to integrate and accurately map field studies, information from remotely sensed data, watershed models, and the dispersion of potentially toxic mine waste and tailings. The purpose of this study is to identify erosion rates and net sediment delivery of soil and mine waste/tailings to the drainage channel within several watershed regions to determine source areas of sediment delivery as a method of quantifying geo-environmental analysis of transport mechanisms in abandoned mine lands in arid climate conditions. Users of this study are the researchers interested in exploration of approaches to depicting historical activity in an area which has no baseline data records for environmental analysis of heavily mined terrain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01267","usgsCitation":"Brady, L., Gray, F., Wissler, C.A., and Guertin, D.P., 2001, Spatial variability of sediment erosion processes using GIS analysis within watersheds in a historically mined region, Patagonia Mountains, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-267, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01267.","productDescription":"51 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01267.jpg"},{"id":2520,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0267/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282679,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0267/pdf/of01-267.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Patagonia Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0153,31.3322 ], [ -111.0153,31.7113 ], [ -110.4954,31.7113 ], [ -110.4954,31.3322 ], [ -111.0153,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6356ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Laura M.","contributorId":20601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wissler, Craig A.","contributorId":98585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wissler","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":205891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31398,"text":"ofr01258 - 2001 - Metal loading assessment of a small mountainous sub-basin characterized by acid drainage -- Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"ofr01258","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-258","title":"Metal loading assessment of a small mountainous sub-basin characterized by acid drainage -- Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado","docAbstract":"strongly affected by natural acidity from pyrite weathering.\r\nMetal content in the water column is a composite of multiple\r\nsources affected by hydrologic, geologic, climatic, and anthropogenic\r\nconditions. Identifying sources of metals from various\r\ndrainage areas was determined using a tracer injection approach\r\nand synoptic sampling during low flow conditions on September\r\n29, 1999 to determine loads. The tracer data was interpreted\r\nin conjunction with detailed geologic mapping, topographic profiling,\r\ngeochemical characterization, and the occurrence and\r\ndistribution of trace metals to identify sources of ground-water\r\ninflows. For this highly mineralized sub-basin, we demonstrate\r\nthat SO4, Al, and Fe load contributions from drainage areas that\r\nhave experienced historical mining?although substantial?are\r\nrelatively insignificant in comparison with SO4, Al, and Fe\r\nloads from areas experiencing natural weathering of highlyaltered,\r\npyritic rocks.\r\nRegional weathering of acid-sulfate mineral assemblages\r\nproduces moderately low pH waters elevated in SO4, Al, and\r\nFe; but generally lacking in Cu, Cd, Ni, and Pb. Samples\r\nimpacted by mining are also characterized by low pH and large\r\nconcentrations of SO4, Al, and Fe; but contained elevated dissolved\r\nmetals from ore-bearing vein minerals such as Cu, Zn,\r\nCd, Ni, and Pb. Occurrences of dissolved trace metals were\r\nhelpful in identifying ground-water sources and flow paths. For\r\nexample, cadmium was greatest in inflows associated with\r\ndrainage from inactive mine sites and absent in inflows that\r\nwere unaffected by past mining activities and thus served as an\r\nimportant indicator of mining contamination for this environmental\r\nsetting.\r\nThe most heavily mine-impacted reach (PG153 to PG800),\r\ncontributed 8% of the discharge, and 11%, 9%, and 12% of the\r\ntotal SO4, Al, and Fe loads in Prospect Gulch. The same reach\r\nyielded 59% and 37% of the total Cu and Zn loads for the subbasin.\r\nIn contrast, the naturally acidic inflows from the Red\r\nChemotroph iron spring yielded 39% of the discharge and 54%,\r\n73%, and 87% of the SO4, Al, and Fe loads; but only 4% of the\r\ntotal Cu and 30% of the total Zn loads in Prospect Gulch.\r\nBase flow from the Prospect Gulch sub-basin contributes\r\nabout 4.8 percent of the total discharge at the mouth of Cement\r\nCreek; compared with sampled instream loads of 1.8%, 8.8%,\r\n15.9%, 28%, and 8.6% for SO4, Al, Fe, Cu and Zn, respectively.\r\nWater-shed scale remediation efforts targeted at reducing loads\r\nof SO4, Al, and Fe at inactive mine sites are likely to fail\r\nbecause the major sources of these constituents in Prospect\r\nGulch are predominantly discharged from natural sources.\r\nRemediation goals aimed at reducing acidity and loads of Cu\r\nand other base metals, may succeed, however, because changes\r\nin pH and loads are disproportionately greater than increases in\r\ndischarge over the same reach, and a substantial fraction of the\r\nmetal loading is from mining-impacted reaches. Whether remediation\r\nof abandoned mines in Prospect Gulch can be successful\r\ndepends on how goals are defined?that is, whether the objective\r\nis to reduce loads of SO4, Al, and Fe; or whether loads of\r\nCu and other base metals and pH are targeted.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01258","usgsCitation":"Wirt, L., Leib, K.J., Melick, R., and Bove, D.J., 2001, Metal loading assessment of a small mountainous sub-basin characterized by acid drainage -- Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-258, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01258.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2516,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0258/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48afe4b07f02db52f212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melick, Roger","contributorId":100033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melick","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bove, Dana J. dbove@usgs.gov","contributorId":4855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"Dana","email":"dbove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25768,"text":"wri014002 - 2001 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Mojave River basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-12T15:55:39.9397","indexId":"wri014002","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4002","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Mojave River basin, California","docAbstract":"<p>The proximity of the Mojave River ground-water basin to the highly urbanized Los Angeles region has led to rapid growth in population and, consequently, to an increase in the demand for water. The Mojave River, the primary source of surface water for the region, normally is dry-except for a small stretch of perennial flow and periods of flow after intense storms. Thus, the region relies almost entirely on ground water to meet its agricultural and municipal needs. Ground-water withdrawal since the late 1800's has resulted in discharge, primarily from pumping wells, that exceeds natural recharge. To better understand the relation between the regional and the floodplain aquifer systems and to develop a management tool that could be used to estimate the effects that future stresses may have on the ground-water system, a numerical ground-water flow model of the Mojave River ground-water basin was developed, in part, on the basis of a previously developed analog model. The ground-water flow model has two horizontal layers; the top layer (layer 1) corresponds to the floodplain aquifer and the bottom layer (layer 2) corresponds to the regional aquifer. There are 161 rows and 200 columns with a horizontal grid spacing of 2,000 by 2,000 feet. Two stress periods (wet and dry) per year are used where the duration of each stress period is a function of the occurrence, quantity of discharge, and length of stormflow from the headwaters each year. A steady-state model provided initial conditions for the transient-state simulation. The model was calibrated to transient-state conditions (1931-94) using a trial-and-error approach. The transient-state simulation results are in good agreement with measured data. Under transient-state conditions, the simulated floodplain aquifer and regional aquifer hydrographs matched the general trends observed for the measured water levels. The simulated streamflow hydrographs matched wet stress period average flow rates and times of no flow at the Barstow and Afton Canyon gages. Steady-state particle-tracking was used to estimate travel times for mountain-front and streamflow recharge. The simulated travel times for mountain-front recharge to reach the area west of Victorville were about 5,000 to 6,000 years; this result is in reasonable agreement with published results. Steady-state particle-tracking results for streamflow recharge indicate that in most subareas along the river, the particles quickly leave and reenter the river. The complaint that resulted in the adjudication of the Mojave River ground-water basin alleged that the cumulative water production upstream of the city of Barstow had overdrafted the ground-water basin. In order to ascertain the effect of pumping on ground-water and surface-water relations along the Mojave River, two pumping simulations were compared with the 1931-90 transient-state simulation (base case). The first simulation assumed 1931-90 pumping in the upper region (Este, Oeste, Alto, and Transition zone model subareas) but with no pumping in the remainder of the basin, and the second assumed 1931-90 pumping in the lower region (Centro, Harper Lake, Baja, Coyote Lake, and Afton Canyon model subareas) but with no pumping in remainder of the basin. In the upper region, assuming pumping only in the upper region, there was no change in storage, recharge from the Mojave River, ground-water discharge to the Mojave River, or evapotranspiration when compared with the base case. In the lower region, assuming pumping only in the upper region, there was storage accretion, decreased recharge from the Mojave River, increased ground-water discharge to the Mojave River, and increased evapotranspiration when compared with the base case. In the upper region, assuming pumping only in the lower region, there was storage accretion, decreased recharge from the Mojave River, increased ground-water discharge to the Mojave River, and increased evapotranspiration when compared with the base case. In the</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014002","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C., Martin, P., Nishikawa, T., and Cox, B.F., 2001, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Mojave River basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4002, Report: viii, 129 p.; Errata; 2 video files, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014002.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 129 p.; Errata; 2 video files","numberOfPages":"137","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157028,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014002.JPG"},{"id":299437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/pdf/wrir014002.pdf","text":"PDF Version 1","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1846,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014002","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":299443,"rank":9,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/video/wrir014002.m4v","text":"A two-dimensional view of the model simulation--simulation period 1931-99 (.m4v)","size":"1.9 MB"},{"id":299442,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/video/wrir014002.mov","text":"A two-dimensional view of the model simulation--simulation period 1931-99 (.mov)","size":"3.1 MB"},{"id":299441,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/pdf/cover.pdf","text":"Cover","size":"7.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299440,"rank":6,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/errata/wrir014002.errata.html","text":"Errata sheet"},{"id":299439,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/pdf/wrir014002_ver3.pdf","text":"PDF Version 3","size":"5.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299438,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/pdf/wrir014002_ver2.pdf","text":"PDF Version 2","size":"5.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.05908203124999,\n              34.14363482031264\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.05908203124999,\n              36.05798104702501\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.59814453125001,\n              36.05798104702501\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.59814453125001,\n              34.14363482031264\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.05908203124999,\n              34.14363482031264\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f298b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, Brett F. bcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Brett","email":"bcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31388,"text":"ofr01218 - 2001 - A simplified economic filter for open-pit mining and heap-leach recovery of copper in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T12:51:40.413555","indexId":"ofr01218","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-218","title":"A simplified economic filter for open-pit mining and heap-leach recovery of copper in the United States","docAbstract":"Determining the economic viability of mineral deposits of various sizes and grades is a critical task in all phases of mineral supply, from land-use management to mine development. This study evaluates two simple tools for estimating the economic viability of porphyry copper deposits mined by open-pit, heap-leach methods when only limited information on these deposits is available. These two methods are useful for evaluating deposits that either (1) are undiscovered deposits predicted by a mineral resource assessment, or (2) have been discovered but for which little data has been collected or released. The first tool uses ordinary least-squared regression analysis of cost and operating data from selected deposits to estimate a predictive relationship between mining rate, itself estimated from deposit size, and capital and operating costs. The second method uses cost models developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (Camm, 1991) updated using appropriate cost indices. We find that the cost model method works best for estimating capital costs and the empirical model works best for estimating operating costs for mines to be developed in the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01218","usgsCitation":"Long, K.R., and Singer, D.A., 2001, A simplified economic filter for open-pit mining and heap-leach recovery of copper in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-218, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01218.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science 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,{"id":30968,"text":"wri014218 - 2001 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system near the Defense Supply Center Philadelphia, and the Point Breeze Refinery, southern Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:47:01","indexId":"wri014218","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4218","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system near the Defense Supply Center Philadelphia, and the Point Breeze Refinery, southern Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water flow in the Potomac-Raritan- Magothy aquifer system (PRM) in south Philadelphia and adjacent southwestern New Jersey was simulated by use of a three-dimensional, seven-layer finite-difference numerical flow model. The simulation was run from 1900, which was prior to groundwater development, through 1995 with 21 stress periods. The focus of the modeling was on a smaller area of concern in south Philadelphia in the vicinity of the Defense Supply Center Philadelphia (DSCP) and the Point Breeze Refinery (PBR). In order to adequately simulate the ground-water flow system in the area of concern, a much larger area was modeled that included parts of New Jersey where significant ground-water withdrawals, which affect water levels in southern Philadelphia, had occurred in the past. At issue in the area of concern is a hydrocarbon plume of unknown origin and time of release.</p><p>The ground-water-flow system was simulated to estimate past water-level altitudes in and near the area of concern and to determine the effect of the Packer Avenue sewer, which lies south of the DSCP, on the ground-water-flow system. Simulated water-level altitudes for the lower sand unit of the PRM on the DSCP prior to 1945 ranged from pre-development, unstressed altitudes to 3 feet below sea level. Simulated water-level altitudes for the lower sand unit ranged from 3 to 7 feet below sea level from 1946 to 1954, from 6 to 10 feet below sea level from 1955 to 1968, and from 9 to 11 feet below sea level from 1969 to 1978. The lowest simulated water-level altitude on the DSCP was 10.69 feet below sea level near the end of 1974. Model simulations indicate ground water was infiltrating the Packer Avenue sewer prior to approximately 1947 or 1948. Subsequent to that time, simulated ground-water-level altitudes were lower than the bottom of the sewer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014218","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Schreffler, C.L., 2001, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system near the Defense Supply Center Philadelphia, and the Point Breeze Refinery, southern Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4218, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014218.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4218/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":351041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4218/wri20014218.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4218"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction&nbsp;</li><li>Hydrogeologic setting&nbsp;</li><li>Simulation of the ground-water system</li><li>Simulated water-level altitudes in the DSCP/PBR area</li><li>Summary</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreffler, Curtis L. clschref@usgs.gov","contributorId":333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreffler","given":"Curtis","email":"clschref@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31407,"text":"ofr01294 - 2001 - Shaded-relief and color shaded-relief maps of the Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T13:30:46.427184","indexId":"ofr01294","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-294","title":"Shaded-relief and color shaded-relief maps of the Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"This Open-File Report is released as a digital map database. It includes PostScript plot files that contain images of the map sheets; the images also contain a brief explanation describing the geology and physiography of the study area. The digital map database is a compilation of newly published 10-m digital-elevation-model (DEM) data for western Oregon and represents the physiography of the Willamette Valley.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01294","usgsCitation":"Givler, R., and Wells, R., 2001, Shaded-relief and color shaded-relief maps of the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-294, Report: 15 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 86.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; 2 Data Releases, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01294.","productDescription":"Report: 15 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 86.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01294.gif"},{"id":282722,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/wvs250.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282717,"rank":10,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/of01294db1.tar.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":282718,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/of01294db2.tar.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":282719,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/wvc125.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282720,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/wvs125.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282721,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/wvc250.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282716,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/metadata.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":282715,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/metadata.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409817,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43100.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282713,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282714,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/readme.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"125000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Williamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,43.75 ], [ -123.5,45.75 ], [ -122.5,45.75 ], [ -122.5,43.75 ], [ -123.5,43.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a3a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Givler, R. W.","contributorId":78782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givler","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31373,"text":"ofr01151 - 2001 - Use of structural geology in exploration for and mining of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T13:03:53.334645","indexId":"ofr01151","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-151","title":"Use of structural geology in exploration for and mining of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits","docAbstract":"<p>Structural geology is an important component in regional-, district- and orebody-scale exploration and development of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits. Identification of timing of important structural events in an ore district allows analysis and classification of fluid conduits and construction of genetic models for ore formation. The most practical uses of structural geology deal with measurement and definition of various elements that comprise orebodies, which can then be directly applied to ore-reserve estimation, ground control, grade control, safety issues, and mine planning. District- and regional-scale structural studies are directly applicable to long-term strategic planning, economic analysis, and land ownership. Orebodies in sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits are discrete, hypogene, epigenetic masses usually hosted in a fault zone, breccia mass, or lithologic bed or unit. These attributes allow structural geology to be directly applied to the mining and exploration of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits. Internal constituents in orebodies reflect unique episodes relating to ore formation. The main internal constituents in orebodies are ore minerals, gangue, and alteration minerals that usually are mixed with one another in complex patterns, the relations among which may be used to interpret the processes of orebody formation and control. Controls of orebody location and shape usually are due to structural dilatant zones caused by changes in attitude, splays, lithologic contacts, and intersections of the host conduit or unit. In addition, conceptual parameters such as district fabric, predictable distances, and stacking also are used to understand the geometry of orebodies. Controls in ore districts and location and geometry of orebodies in ore districts can be predicted to various degrees by using a number of qualitative concepts such as internal and external orebody plunges, district plunge, district stacking, conduit classification, geochemical, geobarometric and geothermal gradients, and tectonic warps. These concepts have practical and empirical application in most mining districts where they are of use in the exploration for ore, but are of such broad and general application that they may not represent known or inferred ore formation processes. Close spatial relation among some sedimentary rock- hosted Au deposits and their host structures suggests that the structures and the orebodies are genetically linked because they may have shared the same developmental history. Examples of probable syn-deformational genesis and structural control of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits are in the large Betze deposit in the Carlin trend, Nevada and in the Lannigou, Jinlongshan, and Maanqiao Au deposits, China.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01151","usgsCitation":"Peters, S., 2001, Use of structural geology in exploration for and mining of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-151, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01151.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01151.jpg"},{"id":282431,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0151/pdf/of01-151.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3049,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69220e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Stephen G. speters@usgs.gov","contributorId":2793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Stephen G.","email":"speters@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31366,"text":"ofr01130 - 2001 - Assessment of the sand and gravel resources of the Lower Boise River Valley area, Idaho: Part one: Geological framework of the sand and gravel deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-26T18:58:46.464763","indexId":"ofr01130","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-130","title":"Assessment of the sand and gravel resources of the Lower Boise River Valley area, Idaho: Part one: Geological framework of the sand and gravel deposits","docAbstract":"The USGS has undertaken a first order evaluation of sand & gravel resources in the Lower Boise River Valley in response to rapid urban expansion in the Boise-Nampa-Caldwell corridor in southwest Idaho. The study is intended to provide land-use planners and managers, particularly in the Bureau of Land Management, with a foundation of knowledge that will allow them to anticipate and plan for demand for and development of sand and gravel resources on public lands in response to the urban growth. Attributes under study include: regional geology of both alluvial source areas as well as deposits; fluvial processes that led to deposition of the sand and gravel deposits; spatial distribution of the deposits; quantity and quality of materials in the deposits; and the suitability of the deposits for a range of applications. The study will also examine and attempt to model the association between fluvial processes, deposit characteristics, and physical specifications for various applications of sand and gravel. The results will be presented in a series of sand and gravel assessment reports of which this is the first.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01130","usgsCitation":"Bliss, J.D., and Moyle, P.R., 2001, Assessment of the sand and gravel resources of the Lower Boise River Valley area, Idaho: Part one: Geological framework of the sand and gravel deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-130, Report: 41 p., Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01130.","productDescription":"Report: 41 p., Readme","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01130.jpg"},{"id":282078,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0130/pdf/of01-130.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3028,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282079,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0130/readme.doc"},{"id":410562,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43368.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boise River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              43.417\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              43.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              43.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              43.417\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              43.417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671cff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyle, Phillip R.","contributorId":100898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31400,"text":"ofr01264 - 2001 - Density and velocity relationships for digital sonic and density logs from coastal Washington and laboratory measurements of Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T19:22:37.702937","indexId":"ofr01264","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-264","title":"Density and velocity relationships for digital sonic and density logs from coastal Washington and laboratory measurements of Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three-dimensional velocity models for the basins along the coast of Washington and in Puget Lowland provide a means for better understanding the lateral variations in strong ground motions recorded there. We have compiled 16 sonic and 18 density logs from 22 oil test wells to help us determine the geometry and physical properties of the Cenozoic basins along coastal Washington. The depth ranges sampled by the test-well logs fall between 0.3 and 2.1 km. These well logs sample Quaternary to middle Eocene sedimentary rocks of the Quinault Formation, Montesano Formation, and Hoh rock assemblage. Most (18 or 82%) of the wells are from Grays Harbor County, and many of these are from the Ocean City area. These Grays Harbor County wells sample the Quinault Formation, Montesano Formation, and frequently bottom in the Hoh rock assemblage. These wells show that the sonic velocity and density normally increase significantly across the contacts between the Quinault or the Montesano Formations and the Hoh rock assemblage. Reflection coefficients calculated for vertically traveling compressional waves from the average velocities and densities for these units suggest that the top of the Hoh rock assemblage is a strong reflector of downward-propagating seismic waves: these reflection coefficients lie between 11 and 20%. Thus, this boundary may reflect seismic energy upward and trap a substantial portion of the seismic energy generated by future earthquakes within the Miocene and younger sedimentary basins found along the Washington coast.</span></p><p><span>Three wells from Jefferson County provide data for the Hoh rock assemblage for the entire length of the logs. One well (Eastern Petroleum Sniffer Forks #1), from the Forks area in Clallam County, also exclusively samples the Hoh rock assemblage. This report presents the locations, elevations, depths, stratigraphic, and other information for all the oil test wells, and provides plots showing the density and sonic velocities as a function of depth for each well log. We also present two-way traveltimes for 15 of the wells calculated from the sonic velocities. Average velocities and densities for the wells having both logs can be reasonably well related using a modified Gardner’s rule, with p=1825v(1/4), where p is the density (in kg/m3) and v is the sonic velocity (in km/s). In contrast, a similar analysis of published well logs from Puget Lowland is best matched by a Gardner’s rule of p=1730v(1/4), close to the p=1740v(1/4) proposed by Gardner et al. (1974).</span></p><p><span>Finally, we present laboratory measurements of compressional-wave velocity, shear-wave velocity, and density for 11 greywackes and 29 mafic rocks from the Olympic Peninsula and Puget Lowland. These units have significance for earthquake-hazard investigations in Puget Lowland as they dip eastward beneath the Lowland, forming the “bedrock” beneath much of the lowland. Average Vp/Vs ratios for the mafic rocks, mainly Crescent Formation volcanics, lie between 1.81 and 1.86. Average Vp/Vs ratios for the greywackes from the accretionary core complex in the Olympic Peninsula show greater scatter but lie between 1.77 and 1.88. Both the Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes have lower shear-wave velocities than would be expected for a Poisson solid (Vp/Vs=1.732). Although the P-wave velocities and densities in the greywackes can be related by a Gardner’s rule of p=1720v(1/4), close to the p=1740v(1/4) proposed by Gardner et al. (1974), the velocities and densities of the mafic rocks are best related by a Gardner’s rule of p=1840v(1/4). Thus, the density/velocity relations are similar for the Puget Lowland well logs and greywackes from the Olympic Peninsula. Density/velocity relations are similar for the Washington coastal well logs and mafic rocks from the Olympic Peninsula, but differ from those of the Puget Lowland well logs and greywackes from the Olympic Peninsula.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01264","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., and Christensen, N.I., 2001, Density and velocity relationships for digital sonic and density logs from coastal Washington and laboratory measurements of Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-264, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01264.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/pdf/of01-264.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2518,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.87,46.83 ], [ -124.87,48.42 ], [ -122.14,48.42 ], [ -122.14,46.83 ], [ -124.87,46.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Nikolas I.","contributorId":95927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nikolas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7001,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":205885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207847,"text":"70207847 - 2001 - Using high-resolution aeromagnetic surveys to map subsurface hydrogeology in sediment-filled basins: A case study over the Rio Grande Rift, Central New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-15T15:54:47","indexId":"70207847","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T15:47:14","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1612,"text":"Exploration Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using high-resolution aeromagnetic surveys to map subsurface hydrogeology in sediment-filled basins: A case study over the Rio Grande Rift, Central New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"<p>High-resolution aeromagnetic surveys were acquired for the Albuquerque basin in the central Rio Grande rift, a basin filled with poorly consolidated sediments. The surveys proved successful in efficiently and economically mapping previously unknown hydrogeologic features of the shallow subsurface. This success suggests that aeromagnetic methods may be useful in hydrogeologic studies of other sediment-filled basins.</p><p>The aeromagnetic surveys were used primarily to delineate buried igneous rocks and to locate faults within the basin fill, both important for understanding the subsurface hydrogeology. Buried igneous rocks were recognized from their high-frequency, high-amplitude magnetic responses and characteristic map patterns. The horizontal-gradient and local wavenumber methods were used to obtain estimates of their source depths.</p><p>The aeromagnetic surveys were also successfully used to locate faults within the basin fill. Magnetic signatures associated with faults are produced by the juxtaposition of sediments having differing magnetic properties rather than the products of secondary processes. Expression of faults is abundant throughout the basin, revealing patterns that cannot be mapped at the surface due to widespread cover.</p><p>A fault signature recognized in the high-resolution data that has multiple inflection points is best explained by a fault with a thin magnetic layer on the upthrown block and thick magnetic layer on the downthrown block, called the thin-thick layers model. Geologically, this signature indicates erosion of the upthrown block or a growth-faulting scenario: fault-controlled sedimentation for faults that offset sediments, and successive accumulation of basalt on the downthrown block for faults that offset volcanic rocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1071/EG01209","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., 2001, Using high-resolution aeromagnetic surveys to map subsurface hydrogeology in sediment-filled basins: A case study over the Rio Grande Rift, Central New Mexico, USA: Exploration Geophysics, v. 32, no. 3-4, p. 209-213, https://doi.org/10.1071/EG01209.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"213","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico ","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Rift","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.083740234375,\n              33.44977658311846\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.62255859375,\n              33.44977658311846\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.62255859375,\n              36.12900165569652\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.083740234375,\n              36.12900165569652\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.083740234375,\n              33.44977658311846\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70226937,"text":"70226937 - 2001 - Mechanics of debris flows and debris-laden flash floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T17:16:57.42506","indexId":"70226937","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T11:09:43","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mechanics of debris flows and debris-laden flash floods","docAbstract":"<p>A new mathematical model developed to predict behavior of debris flows and avalanches also holds promise for predicting behavior of debris-laden flash floods. The model assumes that debris flows behave as mixtures of interacting Newtonian fluids and Coulomb solids. Solid and fluid constituents obey three-dimensional mass and momentum balances, which are summed and depth-integrated to yield equations that describe shallow flows of the mixture as a whole. An important distinction between these mixture equations and standard shallow-water equations results from strong variation of flow resistance due to interacting solid and fluid forces. Partitioning of flow resistance between solid and fluid components depends on fluid pressure, which evolves as flow evolves. If fluid pressure supports the total weight of the flowing mass, all resistance results from hydrodynamic forces, and the equations reduce to the conventional shallow-water form. If fluid pressure supports none of the weight of the flowing mass, all flow resistance results from Coulomb friction between interacting solids, and the equations describe motion of granular avalanches. A combination of solid and fluid resistance typifies debris flows and debris-laden flash floods. In these flows solid resistance commonly is concentrated at the fronts of advancing bores that may be heavily freighted with rocks and woody debris. Riemann methods provide an effective tool for solving the shallow flow equations numerically and predicting unsteady motion of debris flows and flash floods along paths with arbitrary geometry and inclination</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the seventh federal interagency sedimentation conference, March 25 to 29, 2001, Reno, Nevada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceDate":"Mar 25-29, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Committee on Water Resources. Subcommittee on Sedimentation","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., and Denlinger, R.P., 2001, Mechanics of debris flows and debris-laden flash floods, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the seventh federal interagency sedimentation conference, March 25 to 29, 2001, Reno, Nevada, v. 1, Reno, NV, Mar 25-29, 2001, p. IV-1-IV-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"IV-1","endPage":"IV-8","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/FISC_1947-2006/pdf/1st-7thFISCs-CD/7thFISC/7Fisc-V1/7FISC1-4.pdf"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231710,"text":"70231710 - 2001 - A strategy for estimating tree canopy density using Landsat 7 ETM+ and high resolution images over large areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T16:11:59.359135","indexId":"70231710","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T11:08:39","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A strategy for estimating tree canopy density using Landsat 7 ETM+ and high resolution images over large areas","docAbstract":"<p>Forest cover is of great interest to a variety of scientific and land management applications, many of which require not only information on forest categories, but also tree canopy density. In previous studies, large area tree canopy density had been estimated at spatial resolutions of 1km or coarser using coarse resolution satellite images. In this study, a strategy is developed for estimating tree canopy density at a spatial resolution of 30 m. This strategy is based on empirical relationships between tree canopy density and Landsat data, established using linear regression and regression tree techniques. One-meter digital orthophoto quadrangles were used to derive reference tree canopy density data needed for calibrating the relationships between canopy density and Landsat spectral data. This strategy was tested over three areas of the United States. In general, models derived using both linear regression and regression tree techniques were statistically significant. The regression tree was found more robust than linear regression, primary due to its capability of approximating complex non-linear relationships using a set of linear equations. This strategy will be recommended for use in developing a nation wide tree canopy density data set at a 30 m resolution as part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics 2000 project.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the third international conference on geospatial information in agriculture and forestry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Third International Conference on Geospatial Information in Agriculture and Forestry","conferenceDate":"Nov 5-7, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Denver. CO","language":"English","publisher":"Veridian","usgsCitation":"Huang, C., Yang, L., Wylie, B.K., and Homer, C.G., 2001, A strategy for estimating tree canopy density using Landsat 7 ETM+ and high resolution images over large areas, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the third international conference on geospatial information in agriculture and forestry, Denver. CO, Nov 5-7, 2001, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Chengquan","contributorId":25378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70197417,"text":"70197417 - 2001 - Sedimentary Carbon, Sulfur, and Iron Relationships in Modern and Ancient Diagenetic Environments of the Eel River Basin (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T14:26:03","indexId":"70197417","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary Carbon, Sulfur, and Iron Relationships in Modern and Ancient Diagenetic Environments of the Eel River Basin (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Depositional and diagenetic controls on the distributions of carbon, sulfur, and iron (C-S-Fe) in modern sediments and upper Pleistocene mudrocks of the Eel River Basin (ERB), northern California continental margin, were investigated using a combination of geochemical, radioisotopic, and sedimentological methods. A mass balance based on down-core profiles of porewater and solid-phase constituents and diagenetic modeling suggests that only 12-30% of the pyrite-S produced via SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>reduction during burial is retained in modern shelf and upper slope deposits of the ERB. Bioturbational reoxidation of initially reduced S is inferred to be the major control on S preservation, on the basis of an observed inverse relationship between pyrite-S retention and biological mixing intensity, estimated from profiles of excess<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>234</sup><span>Th. Importantly, these findings argue that massive depositional episodes on the shelf following floods of the Eel River have a negligible long-term impact on bioturbating macrofauna and the potential to affect geochemical properties of the sediments. Down-core profiles of reactive Fe</span><sup>3+</sup><span>and Py-Fe(II) for the modern deposits suggest that highly reactive Fe phases are sulfidized well within ∼ 500-2000 years of burial, thereby limiting later pyritization, which could occur through sulfidation of less reactive phases. This result explains the low (≤ 0.4) degree of pyritization (DOP) values exhibited by both modern and ancient deposits of the ERB and lends support to the notion that pyritization in aerobic continental-margin sediments is largely associated with highly reactive detrital Fe oxides. Comparable mean C/S weight ratios for modern sediments (5.4 ± 3.3, 1σ) and mudrocks (6.9 ± 4.5) of the ERB suggest that the upper Pleistocene strata reflect a geochemical environment analogous to that of the modern margin. Specifically, the C-S-Fe signatures shared by the modern and ancient deposits are a consequence of similar detrital Fe mineralogies, initial organic-matter content (C</span><sub>org</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>≤ 1%) and composition (C/N = 13 to 17, δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>org</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= -22 to -25‰), burial rate, and importantly, bioturbation intensity. The findings of this study have important implications for the use of C-S-Fe signatures as indicators of diagenetic processes in dynamic, continental-margin environments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/2DC40947-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Sommerfield, C., Aller, R., and Nittrouer, C., 2001, Sedimentary Carbon, Sulfur, and Iron Relationships in Modern and Ancient Diagenetic Environments of the Eel River Basin (U.S.A.): Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 71, no. 3, p. 335-345, https://doi.org/10.1306/2DC40947-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eel River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.595947265625,\n              39.66491373749128\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0853271484375,\n              39.66491373749128\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0853271484375,\n              41.65239288426814\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.595947265625,\n              41.65239288426814\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.595947265625,\n              39.66491373749128\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b158c12e4b092d9651e21c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sommerfield, C.K.","contributorId":54387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommerfield","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aller, R.C.","contributorId":75026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aller","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nittrouer, C.A.","contributorId":91364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nittrouer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70201655,"text":"70201655 - 2001 - Validation of the USGS sensor model for topographic mapping of Venus using Magellan radar stereoimagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-20T11:04:49","indexId":"70201655","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-19T15:33:53","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Validation of the USGS sensor model for topographic mapping of Venus using Magellan radar stereoimagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Magellan spacecraft went into Venus orbit in 1990 and by 1992 had made three complete cycles of polar orbits, each cycle covering the full range of longitudes. During this time the spacecraft obtained synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of &gt;96% of the planet at a resolution of 75 m/pixel. Images taken with a decreased look angle from vertical, primarily during Cycle 3, provide stereo coverage of 17% of the planet when combined with images with same-side illumination from earlier in the mission. The stereo geometry of these images is extremely favorable, allowing elevation measurements with an estimated vertical precision (EP) of ~10 m. Magellan also obtained radar altimetry data at a horizontal resolution of 10x25 km, but photogrammetric analysis of the stereoimagery can yield topographic maps with a horizontal resolution more than an order of magnitude superior to that of the altimeter.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary Mapping: ISPRS Working Group IV/9 Workshop Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Planetary Mapping: ISPRS Working Group IV/9 Workshop","conferenceDate":"2001","language":"English","publisher":"English","usgsCitation":"Howington-Kraus, E., Kirk, R.L., Galuszka, D.M., Hare, T.M., and Redding, B.L., 2001, Validation of the USGS sensor model for topographic mapping of Venus using Magellan radar stereoimagery, <i>in</i> Planetary Mapping: ISPRS Working Group IV/9 Workshop Proceedings, 2001, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Venus","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1b66e8e4b0708288c71d4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howington-Kraus, Elpitha 0000-0001-5787-6554 ahowington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-6554","contributorId":2815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"Elpitha","email":"ahowington@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galuszka, Donna M. 0000-0003-1870-1182 dgaluszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-1182","contributorId":3186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszka","given":"Donna","email":"dgaluszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Redding, Bonnie L. 0000-0001-8178-1467 bredding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-1467","contributorId":4798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redding","given":"Bonnie","email":"bredding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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