{"pageNumber":"1162","pageRowStart":"29025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":1001092,"text":"1001092 - 2000 - Declines of greater and lesser scaup populations: issues, hypotheses, and research needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:25:37","indexId":"1001092","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Declines of greater and lesser scaup populations: issues, hypotheses, and research needs","docAbstract":"The population estimate for greater (Aythya marila) and lesser (Aythya affinis) scaup (combined) has declined dramatically since the early 1980s to record lows in 1998. The 1998 estimate of 3.47 million scaup is far below the goal of 6.3 million set in the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP), causing concern among biologists and hunters. We summarize issues of concern, hypotheses for factors contributing to the population decline, and research and management needs recommended by participants of the Scaup Workshop, held in September 1999. We believe that contaminants, lower female survival, and reduced recruitment due to changes in food resources or breeding-ground habitats are primary factors contributing to the decline. These factors are not mutually exclusive but likely interact across seasons. Workshop participants identified seven action items. We need to further delineate where declines in breeding populations have occurred, with a primary focus on the western Canadian boreal forest, where declines appear to be most pronounced. Productivity in various areas and habitats throughout the breeding range needs to be assessed by conducting retrospective analyses of existing data and by intensive field studies at broad and local scales. Annual and seasonal survival rates need to be determined in order to assess the role of harvest or natural mortality. Effects of contaminants on reproduction, female body condition, and behavior must be investigated. Use, distribution, and role of food resources relative to body condition and reproduction need to be examined to better understand seasonal dynamics of nutrient reserves and the role in reproductive success. Affiliations among breeding, migration, and wintering areas must be assessed in order to understand differential exposure to harvest or contaminants, and differential reproductive success and recruitment. Biologists and agencies need to gather and improve information needed to manage greater and lesser scaup separately; this includes monitoring the breeding populations of each species separately, closer examination of existing data to improve surveys and data collection, and re-evaluation of the NAWMP population goal. These complex issues will require extensive cooperation and communication among many agencies and organizations in North America.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., Afton, A., Anderson, M., Clark, R., Custer, C.M., Lawrence, J., Pollard, J., and Ringelman, J., 2000, Declines of greater and lesser scaup populations: issues, hypotheses, and research needs: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, p. 254-263.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"263","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, M.G.","contributorId":7230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. G.","contributorId":81446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawrence, J.","contributorId":13591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pollard, J.B.","contributorId":83079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1001730,"text":"1001730 - 2000 - A surface-associated activity trap for capturing water surface and aquatic invertebrates in wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:10:09","indexId":"1001730","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A surface-associated activity trap for capturing water surface and aquatic invertebrates in wetlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>We developed a surface-associated activity trap (SAT) for sampling aquatic invertebrates in wetlands. We compared performance of this trap with that of a conventional activity trap (AT) based on non-detection rates and relative abundance estimates for 13 taxa of common wetland invertebrates and for taxon richness using data from experiments in constructed wetlands. Taxon-specific non-detection rates for ATs generally exceeded those of SATs, and largest improvements using SATs were for Chironomidae and Gastropoda. SATs were efficient at capturing cladocera, Chironomidae, Gastropoda, total Crustacea, and multiple taxa (taxon richness) but were only slightly better than ATs at capturing Dytiscidae. Temporal differences in capture rates were observed only for cladocera, Chironomidae, Dytiscidae, and total Crustacea, with capture efficiencies of SATs usually decreasing from mid-June through mid-July for these taxa. We believe that SATs may be useful for characterizing wetland invertebrate communities and for developing improved measures of prey available to foraging waterfowl and other aquatic birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0205:ASAATF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hanson, M.A., Roy, C.C., Euliss, N.H., Zimmer, K.D., Riggs, M.R., and Butler, M.G., 2000, A surface-associated activity trap for capturing water surface and aquatic invertebrates in wetlands: Wetlands, v. 20, no. 1, p. 205-212, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0205:ASAATF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"212","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Mark A.","contributorId":174743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Christiane C.","contributorId":80592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Christiane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmer, Kyle D.","contributorId":174744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmer","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riggs, Michael R.","contributorId":174745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riggs","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butler, Malcolm G.","contributorId":56188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12813,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1001746,"text":"1001746 - 2000 - Effects of roadside transect width on waterfowl and wetland estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T09:47:22","indexId":"1001746","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of roadside transect width on waterfowl and wetland estimates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Strip transects located along roads are commonly used to estimate waterfowl populations and characterize associated wetland habitat. We used data collected in May and early June, 1995, on forty-five 40-km</span><sup>2</sup><span> plots in North Dakota to evaluate bias of 800-m and 400-m wide roadside transects for sampling wetlands relative to a larger (40-km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) scale and to compare duck abundance at the two widths. Densities of all basins combined and of seasonal basins considered alone were biased high for both transect widths, but mean bias did not differ from zero for temporary or semipermanent basins. Biases did not occur when excavated seasonal and temporary basins (i.e., road ditches) were excluded from the sample. Mean basin density was higher for the inner (400-m) transect width than for the outer transect width (area remaining of the 800-m transect, outside of center 400-m width) for all basins combined and for seasonal and temporary basins. We detected an area-related bias in the occurrence of basins in transects: smaller basins (0.08–1.6 ha) were over-represented in transect samples by 2.9–6.5%, and larger basins (≥11 ha) were under-represented in 800-m transects by 7.3% and in 400-m transects by 16.3%. We compared the distribution of ducks relative to water conditions in the inner and outer transect widths to evaluate whether they were affected by proximity to the road. Mallards (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Anas platyrhynchos</i><span> L.), northern pintails (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">A. acuta</i><span> L.), and gadwall (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">A. strepera</i><span> L.) responded to water conditions equally in the inner and outer transect widths, but northern shovelers (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">A. clypeata</i><span> L.) and blue-winged teal (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">A. discors</i><span> L.) responded more strongly to wetlands on the inner than the outer transect width, indicating that estimates of these species would be higher from a 400-m wide transect than from an 800-m wide transect. Differences in an adjustment index, used to account for the portion of basin obscured from view, were highly variable between inner and outer transect widths but did not indicate that use of wider transects was hampered by visibility. Biases of transect sampling need to be carefully considered when extrapolating wetland basin or duck densities from transects to larger landscape scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0660:EORTWO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., Sklebar, H.T., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Buhl, T.K., 2000, Effects of roadside transect width on waterfowl and wetland estimates: Wetlands, v. 20, no. 4, p. 660-670, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0660:EORTWO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"660","endPage":"670","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.41647338867188,\n              43.000755398218224\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.38814926147461,\n              43.000755398218224\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.38814926147461,\n              43.0420453718909\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.41647338867188,\n              43.0420453718909\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.41647338867188,\n              43.000755398218224\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5facc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E. jaustin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sklebar, H. Thomas","contributorId":174571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sklebar","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buhl, Thomas K. 0000-0001-9909-3419 tbuhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-3419","contributorId":3934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Thomas","email":"tbuhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001822,"text":"1001822 - 2000 - Effects of temperature anomalies on the Palmer Drought Severity Index in the central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:59:03","indexId":"1001822","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of temperature anomalies on the Palmer Drought Severity Index in the central United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of temperature and precipitation effects on the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Both theoretical and observational analyses were applied to separate and compare temperature and precipitation effects on PDSI. The results showed that because of the dependence of PDSI on the ‘climatologically appropriate rainfall’, which is a function of time and varies with surface air temperature, the PDSI can be equally affected by temperature and precipitation, when both have similar magnitudes of anomalies. Calculations using observational data further illustrated the temperature influence on PDSI in different climate regions in the central United States. The temperature effect on PDSI complicates the usage of the index in interpreting precipitation anomalies and its application in inferring precipitation variations, particularly from reconstructed PDSI.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/1097-0088(200012)20:15<1899::AID-JOC588>3.0.CO;2-M","usgsCitation":"Hu, Q., and Willson, G.D., 2000, Effects of temperature anomalies on the Palmer Drought Severity Index in the central United States: International Journal of Climatology, v. 20, no. 15, p. 1899-1911, https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0088(200012)20:15<1899::AID-JOC588>3.0.CO;2-M.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1899","endPage":"1911","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, Qi","contributorId":174728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Qi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willson, Gary D.","contributorId":174727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001856,"text":"1001856 - 2000 - Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:01:26","indexId":"1001856","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"We examined the relationship between local water conditions (measured as the percent of total area of basins that was covered by water) and clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Gadwalls (A. strepera) on four study sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1988-1994. We also examined the relationship between pond density and clutch size of Mallards and Gadwalls, using data collected at another North Dakota site, 1966-1981. For Mallards, we found no relationships to be significant. For Gadwalls, clutch size increased with percent basin area wet and pond density; hatchling mass marginally increased with percent basin area wet. These species differences may reflect, in part, that Mallards acquire lipid reserves used to produce early clutches before they reach the breeding grounds, whereas Gadwalls acquire lipid reserves locally; thus Gadwall clutches are more likely to be influenced by local food resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:EOWCOC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Krapu, G.L., Buhl, D.A., and Brandt, D.A., 2000, Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region: Condor, v. 102, p. 936-940, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:EOWCOC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"936","endPage":"940","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:eowcoc]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ff7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, Deborah A. 0000-0002-8563-5990 dbuhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":3182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Deborah","email":"dbuhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, David A. dbrandt@usgs.gov","contributorId":147142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"David","email":"dbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001872,"text":"1001872 - 2000 - Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:32:47","indexId":"1001872","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?","docAbstract":"We used simple linear regression to analyze 8-23 years of data on a wolf (Canis lupus) population and human harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) bucks in northeastern Minnesota to determine any effects of wolves on buck harvesting. Over the long term, wolves accounted for at least 14-22% of the inter-year variation in buck harvest in the region, but an unknown amount of variation in hunter effort may have obscured any more precise estimate. For part of the area with poorest habitat, we found strong inverse relationships (r2 = 0.66-0.84) between annual wolf numbers and buck harvests from 1988 to 1995 when hunting pressure was considered relatively constant. However, in better habitat, where our buck harvest sample was larger, we found no evidence of wolves influencing buck harvest. Our findings tend to confirm the suitability of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resource's deer harvest regulations for a sustainable yield.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802982","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Nelson, M.E., 2000, Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 129-136, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802982.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d81f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001910,"text":"1001910 - 2000 - Seasonal-range forecasting of the ozark climate by a principal component regression scheme with antecedent sea surface temperatures and upper air conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T16:50:44.702465","indexId":"1001910","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":920,"text":"Atmósfera","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal-range forecasting of the ozark climate by a principal component regression scheme with antecedent sea surface temperatures and upper air conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>On the basis of principal component analysis of long-term climatological records, regression models are formulated and forecast experiments are conducted for monthly temperature and precipitation of the Ozark Highlands area, a large area of low mountains and plateau in the south central midwestern United States. Predictors include global sea surface temperatures, hemispheric upper air fields and the local climate observations. The experiments for all months of the year are performed with the data from continuous 15-year segments of 1961-75 to 1980-94 for those years beyond the respective data segments. Relationships between regional-scale and large-scale climate variables are investigated by cross-correlation analysis to identify useful teleconnections for seasonal-range forecasting. The predictability of the Ozark Highlands climate is examined with the multiple linear regression scheme and the principal component regression scheme. It is shown that the forecast performance by the latter is superior to that of the former. The results of the extensive forecast experiments reveal the useful and stable predictability of the Ozark Highlands climate elements. The validity of the forecasting models is verified for up to 10 years after the data period of regression formulation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., and Kung, E., 2000, Seasonal-range forecasting of the ozark climate by a principal component regression scheme with antecedent sea surface temperatures and upper air conditions: Atmósfera, v. 13, p. 223-244.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.revistascca.unam.mx/atm/index.php/atm/article/view/8469"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.284912109375,\n              36.474306755095235\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.87841796875,\n              36.474306755095235\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.87841796875,\n              36.79169061907076\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.284912109375,\n              36.79169061907076\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.284912109375,\n              36.474306755095235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.W.","contributorId":60582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kung, E.C.","contributorId":85117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kung","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1002695,"text":"1002695 - 2000 - Mapping and converting essential Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata into MARC21 and Dublin Core: towards an alternative to the FGDC Clearinghouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:08","indexId":"1002695","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1363,"text":"D-Lib","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping and converting essential Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata into MARC21 and Dublin Core: towards an alternative to the FGDC Clearinghouse","docAbstract":"The purpose of this article is to raise and address a number of issues related to the conversion of Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata into MARC21 and Dublin Core. We present an analysis of 466 FGDC metadata records housed in the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) node of the FGDC Clearinghouse, with special emphasis on the length of fields and the total length of records in this set. One of our contributions is a 34 element crosswalk, a proposal that takes into consideration the constraints of the MARC21 standard as implemented in OCLC's World Cat and the realities of user behavior. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"D-Lib","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chandler, A., Foley, D., and Hafez, A., 2000, Mapping and converting essential Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata into MARC21 and Dublin Core: towards an alternative to the FGDC Clearinghouse: D-Lib, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-1.","productDescription":"1 Web page","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15439,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dlib.org/dlib/january00/chandler/01chandler.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7034.000000000000000"},{"id":129412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69de77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chandler, A.","contributorId":27402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, D.","contributorId":29356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hafez, A.M.","contributorId":71128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafez","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1002992,"text":"1002992 - 2000 - Statistical and procedural issues in the use of heated taxidermic mounts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T17:20:57.686526","indexId":"1002992","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2476,"text":"Journal of Thermal Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical and procedural issues in the use of heated taxidermic mounts","docAbstract":"<p>Studies using mounts have an inherently nested error structure; calibration and standardization should use the appropriate procedures and statistics. One example is that individual mount differences are nested within morphological factors related to species, age, or gender; without replication, mount differences may be confused with differences due to morphology. Also, the sensitivity of mounts to orientation to wind or sun is nested within mount; without replication, inadvertent variation in mount positioning may be confused with differences among mounts. Data on heat loss from a of 1-day-old mallard duckling mount are used to illustrate orientation sensitivity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00094-7","usgsCitation":"Bakken, G., Kenow, K., Korschgen, C.E., and Boysen, A., 2000, Statistical and procedural issues in the use of heated taxidermic mounts: Journal of Thermal Biology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 317-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00094-7.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"321","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e2894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakken, G.S.","contributorId":96629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakken","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boysen, A.F.","contributorId":99507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boysen","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003012,"text":"1003012 - 2000 - Mapping forest canopy gaps using air-photo interpretation and ground surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1003012","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping forest canopy gaps using air-photo interpretation and ground surveys","docAbstract":"Canopy gaps are important structural components of forested habitats for many wildlife species. Recent improvements in the spatial accuracy of geographic information system tools facilitate accurate mapping of small canopy features such as gaps. We compared canopy-gap maps generated using ground survey methods with those derived from air-photo interpretation. We found that maps created from high-resolution air photos were more accurate than those created from ground surveys. Errors of omission were 25.6% for the ground-survey method and 4.7% for the air-photo method. One variable of inter est in songbird research is the distance from nests to gap edges. Distances from real and simulated nests to gap edges were longer using the ground-survey maps versus the air-photo maps, indicating that gap omission could potentially bias the assessment of spatial relationships. If research or management goals require location and size of canopy gaps and specific information about vegetation structure, we recommend a 2-fold approach. First, canopy gaps can be located and the perimeters defined using 1:15,000-scale or larger aerial photographs and the methods we describe. Mapped gaps can then be field-surveyed to obtain detailed vegetation data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Fox, T., Knutson, M.G., and Hines, R.K., 2000, Mapping forest canopy gaps using air-photo interpretation and ground surveys: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 4, p. 882-889.","productDescription":"pp. 882-889","startPage":"882","endPage":"889","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69df23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, T.J.","contributorId":50477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":96927,"text":"96927 - 2000 - An Exploratory Analysis of the Biogeographic Distribution of Herpetofauna (Reptiles and Amphibians) And Environmental Variation in San Diego County Using Museum Records and Survey Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"96927","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"An Exploratory Analysis of the Biogeographic Distribution of Herpetofauna (Reptiles and Amphibians) And Environmental Variation in San Diego County Using Museum Records and Survey Data","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"San Diego State University","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","usgsCitation":"Hathaway, S., 2000, An Exploratory Analysis of the Biogeographic Distribution of Herpetofauna (Reptiles and Amphibians) And Environmental Variation in San Diego County Using Museum Records and Survey Data, 81 p.","productDescription":"81 p.","startPage":"81","numberOfPages":"81","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hathaway, S.A.","contributorId":56990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":96971,"text":"96971 - 2000 - Arroyo Toad, Bufo californicus 2000 USGS/USFS Survey Data. Angeles, Cleveland, and San Bernardino National Forests, California: Year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:00","indexId":"96971","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Arroyo Toad, Bufo californicus 2000 USGS/USFS Survey Data. Angeles, Cleveland, and San Bernardino National Forests, California: Year 2000","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Report to Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.","usgsCitation":"Brown, C., Ervin, E., and Lyren, L., 2000, Arroyo Toad, Bufo californicus 2000 USGS/USFS Survey Data. Angeles, Cleveland, and San Bernardino National Forests, California: Year 2000.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672e44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C.","contributorId":21484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ervin, E.","contributorId":69084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyren, L.","contributorId":59376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyren","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003542,"text":"1003542 - 2000 - Declining scaup populations: issues, hypotheses, and research needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:06","indexId":"1003542","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Declining scaup populations: issues, hypotheses, and research needs","docAbstract":"The population estimate for greater (Aythya marila) and lesser (Aythya affinis) scaup (combined) has declined dramatically since the early 1980s to record lows in 1998. The 1998 estimate of 3.47 million scaup is far below the goal of 6.3 million set in the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP), causing concern among biologists and hunters. We summarize issuesof concern, hypotheses for factors contributing to the population decline, and research and management needs recommended by participants of the Scaup Workshop, held in September 1999. We believe that contaminants, lower female survival, and reduced recruitment due to changes in food resources or breedingground habitats are primary factors contributing to the decline. These factors are not mutually exclusive but likely interact across seasons. Workshop participants identified seven action items. We need to further delineate where declines in breeding populations have occurred, with a primary focus on the western Canadian boreal forest, where declines appear to be most pronounced. Productivity in various areas and habitats throughout the breeding range needs to be assessed by conducting retrospective analyses of existing data and by intensive field studies at broad and local scales. Annual and seasonal survival rates need to be determined in order to assess the role of harvest or natural mortality. Effects of contaminants on reproduction, female body condition, and behavior must be investigated. Use, distribution, and role of food resources relative to body condition and reproduction need to be examined to better understand seasonal dynamics of nutrient reserves and the role in reproductive success. Affiliations among breeding, migration, and wintering areas must be assessed in order to understand differential exposure to harvest or contaminants, and differential reproductive success and recruitment. Biologists and agencies need to gather and improve information needed to manage greater and lesser scaup separately; this includes monitoring the breeding populations of each species separately, closer examination of existing data to improve surveys and data collection, and re-evaluation of the NAWMP population goal. These complex issues will require extensive cooperation and communication among many agencies and organizations in North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., Afton, A., Anderson, M., Clark, R., Custer, C.M., Lawrence, J., Pollard, J., and Ringelman, J., 2000, Declining scaup populations: issues, hypotheses, and research needs: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 1, p. 254-263.","productDescription":"pp. 254-263","startPage":"254","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67269f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, M.G.","contributorId":7230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. G.","contributorId":81446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"R. 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,{"id":1003657,"text":"1003657 - 2000 - Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T13:57:00","indexId":"1003657","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2555,"text":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads","docAbstract":"<p>The national distribution of information on the discovery of malformations in Minnesota frogs in 1995 stimulated collection and examination of newly metamorphosed frogs during 1996. By late summer and early fall of 1996, malformed frogs and toads were reported on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lands in Vermont (Northeast, Region 5) and Minnesota (Midwest, Region 3). In response to these reports, biologists in USFWS Regions 3 and 5 conducted a survey, during the summer of 1997 to determine the distribution and type of malformations in frogs and toads on selected federal lands. Region 3 personnel surveyed 38 field stations at National Wildlife Refuges (NWR's) and Wetland Management Districts. Malformed frogs and toads were collected at 23 (61%) of the Region 3 sites. External malformations were detected in 110 of 6632 individuals representing seven of 13 frog species and one of three toad species examined for an overall of 1.7% affected (percentages for affected species ranged from 0.4-5.2%). In Region 5, 17 NWR's and one National Park were surveyed. Malformed frogs were collected at 10 (56%) of the Region 5 sites. External malformations were detected in 58 of 2267 individuals representing six of 11 frog species and one of two toad species examined for an overall total of 2.6% affected (percentages for affected species ranged from 1.8-15.6%). The majority of malformations observed in frogs and toads collected in Regions 3 and 5 were partially or completely missing hind limbs and digits (50%)or malformed hind limbs and digits (14%). A few individuals had an extra limb or toe, missing or malformed front limb, missing eye, or malformation of the mandible. Despite small sample sizes at some sites, malformations were confirmed to be present in eight species of frogs and two species of toads on Federal lands in USFWS Regions 3 and 5. Further study is needed to determine the extent and distribution of amphibian malformations in these Regions. Data from this study were provided to the national database on distribution of malformed amphibians.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Iowa Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Mattsson, J., and Eaton-Poole, L., 2000, Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads: Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 107, no. 3, p. 160-167.","productDescription":"p. 160-167","startPage":"160","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, 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A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattsson, J.","contributorId":21514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eaton-Poole, L.","contributorId":69521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton-Poole","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022248,"text":"70022248 - 2000 - Discrepancy between earthquake rates implied by historic earthquakes and a consensus geologic source model for California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022248","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrepancy between earthquake rates implied by historic earthquakes and a consensus geologic source model for California","docAbstract":"We examine the difference between expected earthquake rates inferred from the historical earthquake catalog and the geologic data that was used to develop the consensus seismic source characterization for the state of California [California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Petersen et al., 1996; Frankel et al., 1996]. On average the historic earthquake catalog and the seismic source model both indicate about one M 6 or greater earthquake per year in the state of California. However, the overall earthquake rates of earthquakes with magnitudes (M) between 6 and 7 in this seismic source model are higher, by at least a factor of 2, than the mean historic earthquake rates for both southern and northern California. The earthquake rate discrepancy results from a seismic source model that includes earthquakes with characteristic (maximum) magnitudes that are primarily between M 6.4 and 7.1. Many of these faults are interpreted to accommodate high strain rates from geologic and geodetic data but have not ruptured in large earthquakes during historic time. Our sensitivity study indicates that the rate differences between magnitudes 6 and 7 can be reduced by adjusting the magnitude-frequency distribution of the source model to reflect more characteristic behavior, by decreasing the moment rate available for seismogenic slip along faults, by increasing the maximum magnitude of the earthquake on a fault, or by decreasing the maximum magnitude of the background seismicity. However, no single parameter can be adjusted, consistent with scientific consensus, to eliminate the earthquake rate discrepancy. Applying a combination of these parametric adjustments yields an alternative earthquake source model that is more compatible with the historic data. The 475-year return period hazard for peak ground and 1-sec spectral acceleration resulting from this alternative source model differs from the hazard resulting from the standard CDMG-USGS model by less than 10% across most of California but is higher (generally about 10% to 30%) within 20 km from some faults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0119990008","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M., Cramer, C., Reichle, M., Frankel, A., and Hanks, T.C., 2000, Discrepancy between earthquake rates implied by historic earthquakes and a consensus geologic source model for California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 5, p. 1117-1132, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990008.","startPage":"1117","endPage":"1132","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206661,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0119990008"},{"id":230489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01f4e4b0c8380cd4fdf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, M.D.","contributorId":51319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichle, M.S.","contributorId":14845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichle","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":93848,"text":"93848 - 2000 - Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Horned Lark","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-11T10:41:40","indexId":"93848","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Horned Lark","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the <a href=\"http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/index.htm#bibsearch\" target=\"_blank\">Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography</a> on the home page of this resource.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93848","usgsCitation":"Dinkins, M., Zimmerman, A., Dechant, J., Parkin, B., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., and Euliss, B., 2000, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Horned Lark (Revised 2003), 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93848.","productDescription":"33 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93848.PNG"},{"id":312416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93848/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised 2003","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinkins, Meghan F.","contributorId":28193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinkins","given":"Meghan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Amy L.","contributorId":69087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Amy L.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parkin, Barry D.","contributorId":98249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkin","given":"Barry D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":23281,"text":"ofr99113 - 2000 - Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T09:37:06","indexId":"ofr99113","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-113","title":"Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the water quality model developed for the Klamath River System Impact Assessment Model (SIAM). The Klamath River SIAM is a decision support system developed by the authors and other US Geological Survey (USGS), Midcontinent Ecological Science Center staff to study the effects of basin-wide water management decisions on anadromous fish in the Klamath River. The Army Corps of Engineersa?? HEC5Q water quality modeling software was used to simulate water temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity in 100 miles of the Klamath River Basin in Oregon and California. The water quality model simulated three reservoirs and the mainstem Klamath River influenced by the Shasta and Scott River tributaries. Model development, calibration and two validation exercises are described as well as the integration of the water quality model into the SIAM decision support system software. Within SIAM, data are exchanged between the water quantity model (MODSIM), the water quality model (HEC5Q), the salmon population model (SALMOD) and methods for evaluating ecosystem health. The overall predictive ability of the water quality model is described in the context of calibration and validation error statistics. Applications of SIAM and the water quality model are described.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr99113","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board, University of California at Davis, and PacifiCorp","usgsCitation":"Hanna, R.B., and Campbell, S.G., 2000, Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-113, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99113.","productDescription":"82 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99113.PNG"},{"id":320306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","city":"Keno, Seiad Valley","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.18283081054688,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18283081054688,\n              42.1817234984124\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97296142578124,\n              42.1817234984124\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97296142578124,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18283081054688,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d4e4b07f02db548f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanna, R. Blair","contributorId":67547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Sharon G.","contributorId":23173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182264,"text":"70182264 - 2000 - Advances in biotelemetry technology in the Columbia River Basin and how they are providing behavioral data used to shape fisheries management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T11:54:17","indexId":"70182264","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advances in biotelemetry technology in the Columbia River Basin and how they are providing behavioral data used to shape fisheries management","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biotelemetry 15: proceedings of the 15th international symposium on biotelemetry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"15th international symposium on biotelemetry","language":"English","publisher":"International Society on Biotelemetry","publisherLocation":"Wageningen, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Adams, N., Shively, R., and Rondorf, D., 2000, Advances in biotelemetry technology in the Columbia River Basin and how they are providing behavioral data used to shape fisheries management, <i>in</i> Biotelemetry 15: proceedings of the 15th international symposium on biotelemetry, p. 259-268.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"259","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb140e4b01ccd54f9ee3e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Eiler, J.E.","contributorId":182029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670289,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alcorn, D.J.","contributorId":182030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcorn","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670290,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022448,"text":"70022448 - 2000 - Classification of river regimes: A context for hydroecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022448","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of river regimes: A context for hydroecology","docAbstract":"Over the past 30 years, ecologists have demostrated the importance of flow and temperature as primary variables in driving running water, riparian and floodplain ecosystems. As it is important to assess the size and timing of discharge variations in relation to those in temperature, a method is proposed that uses multivariate techniques to separately classify annual discharge and temperature regimes according to their 'shape' and 'magnitude', and which then combines the classifications. This paper: (i) describes a generally applicable method; (ii) tests the method by applying it to riparian systems on four British rivers using a 20-year record (1977-97) of flow and air temperature: (iii) proposes a hydroecological interpretation of the classification; (iv) considers the degree to which the methodology might provide information to support the design of ecologically acceptable flow regimes. 'Regimes' are defined for discharge and air temperature using monthly mean data. The results of applying the classification procedure to four British rivers indicates that the 'typical' regimes for each of the four catchments are composite features produced by a small number of clearly defined annual types that reflect interannual variability in hydroclimatological conditions. Annual discharge patterns are dominated by three 'shape' classes (accounting for 94% of the station years: class A, early (November) peak; class B, intermediate (December-January) peak; and class C, late (March) peak) and one 'magnitude' class (70% of the station years fall into class 3, intermediate), with two subordinate 'magnitude' classes: low-flow years (18%) and high flow years (12%). For air temperature, annual patterns are classified evenly into three 'shape' and four 'magnitude' classes. It is argued that this variety of flow-temperature patterns is important for sustaining ecosystem integrity and for establishing benchmark flow regimes and associated frequencies to aid river management. Copyright ?? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Over the past 30 years, ecologists have demonstrated the importance of flow and temperature as primary variables in driving running water, riparian and floodplain ecosystems. As it is important to assess the size and timing of discharge variations in relation to those in temperature, a method is proposed that uses multivariate techniques to separately classify annual discharge and temperature regimes according to their `shape' and `magnitude', and which then combines the classifications. This paper: (i) describes a generally applicable method; (ii) tests the method by applying it to riparian systems on four British rivers using a 20-year record (1977-97) of flow and air temperature; (iii) proposes a hydroecological interpretation of the classification; (iv) considers the degree to which the methodology might provide information to support the design of ecologically acceptable flow regimes. `Regimes' are defined for discharge and air temperature using monthly mean data. The results of applying the classification procedure to four British rivers indicates that the `typical' regimes for each of the four catchments are composite features produced by a small number of clearly defined annual types that reflect interannual variability in hydroclimatological conditions. Annual discharge patterns are dominated by three `shape' classes (accounting for 94% of the station years: class A, early (November) peak; class B, intermediate (December-January) peak; and class C, late (March) peak) and one `magnitude' class (70% of the station years fall into class 3, intermediate), with two subordinate `magnitude' classes: low-flow years (18%) and high flow years (12%). For air temperature, annual patterns are classified evenly into three `shape' and four `magnitude' classes. It is argued that this variety of flow-temperature patterns is important for sustaining ecosystem integrity and for establishing benchmark flow regimes and associated frequencies to aid ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2831::AID-HYP122>3.0.CO;2-O","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., and Friedman, J.M., 2000, Classification of river regimes: A context for hydroecology: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 16-17, p. 2831-2848, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2831::AID-HYP122>3.0.CO;2-O.","startPage":"2831","endPage":"2848","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206755,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2831::AID-HYP122>3.0.CO;2-O"}],"volume":"14","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f61ce4b0c8380cd4c5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022759,"text":"70022759 - 2000 - Energy budgets of mining-induced earthquakes and their interactions with nearby stopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70022759","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Energy budgets of mining-induced earthquakes and their interactions with nearby stopes","docAbstract":"In the early 1960's, N.G.W. Cook, using an underground network of geophones, demonstrated that most Witwatersrand tremors are closely associated with deep level gold mining operations. He also showed that the energy released by the closure of the tabular stopes at depths of the order of 2 km was more than sufficient to account for the mining-induced earthquakes. I report here updated versions of these two results based on more modern underground data acquired in the Witwatersrand gold fields. Firstly, an extensive suite of in situ stress data indicate that the ambient state of crustal stress here is close to the failure state in the absence of mining even though the tectonic setting is thoroughly stable. Mining initially stabilizes the rock mass by reducing the pore fluid pressure from its initial hydrostatic state to nearly zero. The extensive mine excavations, as Cook showed, concentrate the deviatoric stresses, in localized regions of the abutments, back into a failure state resulting in seismicity. Secondly, there appears to be two distinct types of mining-induced earthquakes: the first is strongly coupled to the mining and involves shear failure plus a coseismic volume reduction; the second type is not evidently coupled to any particular mine face, shows purely deviatoric failure, and is presumably caused by more regional changes in the state of stress due to mining. Thirdly, energy budgets for mining induced earthquakes of both types indicate that, of the available released energy, only a few per cent is radiated by the seismic waves with the majority being consumed in overcoming fault friction. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.In the early 1960's, N.G.W. Cook, using an underground network of geophones, demonstrated that most Witwatersrand tremors are closely associated with deep level gold mining operations. He also showed that the energy released by the closure of the tabular stopes at depths of the order of 2 km was more than sufficient to account for the mining-induced earthquakes. I report here updated versions of these two results based on more modern underground data acquired in the Witwatersrand gold fields. Firstly, an extensive suite of in situ stress data indicate that the ambient state of crustal stress here is close to the failure state in the absence of mining even though the tectonic setting is thoroughly stable. Mining initially stabilizes the rock mass by reducing the pore fluid pressure from its initial hydrostatic state to nearly zero. The extensive mine excavations, as Cook showed, concentrate the deviatoric stresses, in localized regions of the abutments, back into a failure state resulting in seismicity. Secondly, there appears to be two distinct types of mining-induced earthquakes: the first is strongly coupled to the mining and involves shear failure plus a coseismic volume reduction; the second type is not evidently coupled to any particular mine face, shows purely deviatoric failure, and is presumably caused by more regional changes in the state of stress due to mining. Thirdly, energy budgets for mining induced earthquakes of both types indicate that, of the available released energy, only a few per cent is radiated by the seismic waves with the majority being consumed in overcoming fault friction.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 2000, Energy budgets of mining-induced earthquakes and their interactions with nearby stopes, <i>in</i> International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, v. 37, no. 1-2, p. 437-443.","startPage":"437","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0947e4b0c8380cd51e56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014938,"text":"1014938 - 2000 - Ecology of stream fish: Insights gained from an individual-based approach to juvenile Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T16:08:42.237003","indexId":"1014938","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology of stream fish: Insights gained from an individual-based approach to juvenile Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Using data from an ongoing study of juvenile Atlantic salmon growth and survival in tributaries of the Connecticut River, USA, we compare standard population-level approaches to those focusing on individuals. We highlight the potential benefits of resampling individually tagged stream fish as compared to standard approaches. Specifically we focus on growth, survival, movements and population estimation. The advantages of estimating sizes and growth rates from individual size trajectories include obtaining growth histories and the ability to perform retrospective analysis of the consequences of different life-history strategies. An example might be the patterns of growth leading to either early maturity or migration. Resampling known individuals is the only way we know to chart both short-term and long-term movements and to assign growth and mortality consequences to such movements. Finally, individual-level data permit robust estimation of survival and density/abundance using methods such as Cormack/Jolly-Seber. The results indicate that population estimates were about 10% lower using individual data than using population data, that survival from sample to sample was typically &gt;90%, that the majority of recaptured fish did not move during the summer, that growth was rapid during spring and most fish lost mass during the summer and that growth trajectories for maturing and non-maturing fish showed substantially different patterns. An individual-based approach to stream fish ecology provides the opportunity to explore the mechanisms responsible for population-level patterns but comes at the cost of significant field effort. Tradeoffs between increased data resolution and the effort required to obtain the data must be considered before undertaking individual-based field studies of stream fishes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0633.2000.90107.x","usgsCitation":"Juanes, J., Letcher, B., and Gries, G., 2000, Ecology of stream fish: Insights gained from an individual-based approach to juvenile Atlantic salmon: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 9, no. 1-2, p. 65-73, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2000.90107.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"73","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River Basin, West Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    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H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gries, G.","contributorId":64604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gries","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046618,"text":"70046618 - 2000 - Superfund GIS - 1:250,000 Geology of Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:40:58","indexId":"70046618","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Superfund GIS - 1:250,000 Geology of Tennessee","docAbstract":"This data set is a digital representation of the printed 1:250,000 geologic maps from the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Geology.  The coverage was designed primarily to provide a more detailed geologic base than the 1:2,500,000 King and Beikman (1974). 1:24,000 scale coverage of the state is available for about 40 percent of the state. Formation names and geologic unit codes used in the coverage are from the Tennessee Division of Geology published maps and may not conform to USGS nomenclature. The Tennessee Division of Geology can be contacted at (615) 532-1500","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046618","usgsCitation":"Greene, D., and Wolfe, W., 2000, Superfund GIS - 1:250,000 Geology of Tennessee, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046618.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273768,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/geo250k.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.31191254,34.98325348 ], [ -90.31191254,36.67929459 ], [ -81.64821625,36.67929459 ], [ -81.64821625,34.98325348 ], [ -90.31191254,34.98325348 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff8e4b0ee1529ed3d76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, D.C.","contributorId":83394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, W.J.","contributorId":10069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184360,"text":"70184360 - 2000 - Historic and current use of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, by Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T17:48:51.46317","indexId":"70184360","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2665,"text":"Marine Fisheries Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Historic and current use of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, by Belugas, <i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>","title":"Historic and current use of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, by Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dedicated at-sea surveys for marine birds and mammals conducted in lower Cook Inlet in late July and early August from 1995–99 failed to locate any belugas, <i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>. Surveys covered a total of 6,249 linear km and were conducted in both nearshore and offshore habitats. Sightings included 791 individual marine mammals of 10 species. Both historical data and local knowledge indicate that belugas were regularly seen in summer in nearshore and offshore areas of lower Cook Inlet up until the early 1990’s. Diminished presence of belugas in lower Cook Inlet may be a direct function of reduced numbers but may also indicate changes in habitat quality that may inhibit recovery.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"United States National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"Speckman, S., and Piatt, J.F., 2000, Historic and current use of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, by Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas: Marine Fisheries Review, v. 63, no. 2, p. 22-26.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337004,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/historic-and-current-use-lower-cook-inlet-alaska-belugas-delphinapterus-leucas"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.115966796875,\n              58.04300405858762\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.93041992187497,\n              58.04300405858762\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.93041992187497,\n              60.87166070999515\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.115966796875,\n              60.87166070999515\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.115966796875,\n              58.04300405858762\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12663e4b014cc3a3d3515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185094,"text":"70185094 - 2000 - Response of geese to aircraft disturbances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:26:43","indexId":"70185094","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5319,"text":"Terra Borealis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Response of geese to aircraft disturbances","docAbstract":"<p>Low-flying aircraft can affect behavior, physiology, and distribution of wildlife (Manci et al., 1988), and over time, may impact a population by reducing survival and reproductive performance. Thus, it is important to identify the particular aspects of overflights that affect animals so that management strategies can be developed to minimize adverse effects.</p><p>Waterfowl are particularly sensitive to low-flying aircraft (Manci et al., 1988) and respond at all stages of their annual cycle, including breeding (Gollop et al., 1974a; Laing, 1991), molting (Derksen et al., 1979; Mosbech and Glahder, 1991), migration (Jones and Jones, 1966; Belanger and Bedard, 1989), and wintering (Owens, 1977; Kramer et al., 1979; Henry, 1980). Waterfowl response can be quite variable both within and among species (Fleming et al., 1996). For example, response can vary with age, sex, and body condition of individual, habitat type and quality, and previous exposure to aircraft (Dahlgren and Korshgen, 1992). However, the most important factors influencing a response are aircraft type (Davis and Wiseley, 1974; Jensen, 1990), noise (Mosbech and Glahder, 1991; Temple, 1993), and proximity to the birds, as measured in altitude and lateral distance (Derksen et al., 1979; Belanger and Bedard, 1989; Ward et al., 1994). Wildlife managers can reduce impacts on a population by controlling or modifying these factors.</p><p>In an experimental study conducted at Izembek Lagoon in southwestern Alaska in 1985-1988 (Ward and Stehn, 1989), we conducted planned aircraft overflights with control of aircraft type, noise, altitude, and lateral distance to flocks (hereafter called lateral distance) to measure behavioral response of fall-staging Pacific brant (<i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>) and Canada geese (<i>B. canadensis taverneri</i>) to fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. These data were then used to develop predictive models of the relationship between aircraft type, noise, altitude, and lateral distance and the response of geese (Ward et al., 1989). We also developed a simulation model incorporating energy intake and daily energy costs to assess the long-term consequences of repeated overflights on the ability of brant to obtain sufficient energy reserves necessary for fall migration and over winter survival (Ward and Stehn, 1989).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of noise on wildlife conference (Terra Borealis no. 2)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Effects of noise on wildlife conference","conferenceDate":"August 22-23, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Institute for Environmental Monitoring and Research","publisherLocation":"Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada","issn":"14810336","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.H., Stehn, R.A., and Derksen, D.V., 2000, Response of geese to aircraft disturbances, <i>in</i> Effects of noise on wildlife conference (Terra Borealis no. 2), v. 2, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada, August 22-23, 2000, p. 52-55.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Izembek Lagoon","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c9012ae4b0849ce97abd26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehn, Robert A.","contributorId":83986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180286,"text":"70180286 - 2000 - Three archives of the U. S. Geological Survey's Western Mineral Resources Team","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T14:35:40","indexId":"70180286","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Three archives of the U. S. Geological Survey's Western Mineral Resources Team","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\">The <span class=\"searchword\">Western</span> <span class=\"searchword\">Mineral</span> <span class=\"searchword\">Resources</span> <span class=\"searchword\">Team</span> of the U.S. <span class=\"searchword\">Geological</span> Survey (USGS) has <span class=\"searchword\">three</span> <span class=\"searchword\">archives</span>, which hold unpublished or difficult-to-obtain records and literature. The Technical Data Unit in Anchorage, Alaska, holds maps, field notes, and other records of the USGS work in Alaska. The USGS Field Office in Spokane, Washington, houses the more than 5,000 files from Federal government exploration programs that contracted to fund exploration for some commodities from 1950 until 1974. The Latin American Archive in Tucson, Arizona, holds material on Latin American <span class=\"searchword\">mineral</span> <span class=\"searchword\">resources</span> collected by the Center for Inter-American <span class=\"searchword\">Mineral</span><span class=\"searchword\">Resources</span> Investigations.</span> </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","issn":"0072-1409","isbn":"0-934485-32-1 ","usgsCitation":"Bolm, K.S., Frank, D.G., and Schneider, J.L., 2000, Three archives of the U. S. Geological Survey's Western Mineral Resources Team, v. 30, p. 65-67.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1978e4b0ad67323f97f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolm, Karen Sue","contributorId":50569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolm","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"Sue","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, David G. dfrank@usgs.gov","contributorId":3274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"David","email":"dfrank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Jill L. jschnidr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Jill","email":"jschnidr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":661085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}