The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, measured suspended-sediment concentrations, currents, waves, light attenuation, and a variety of other water-quality parameters in the summer of 2013 in Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey. These measurements quantified light attenuation and sediment resuspension in three seagrass meadows. Data were acquired sequentially at three paired channel-shoal sites, as the equipment was moved from south to north in the estuary. Data were collected for approximately 3 weeks at each site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Dickhudt, P.J., Ganju, N.K, and Montgomery, E.T., 2015, Summary of oceanographic measurements for characterizing light attenuation and sediment resuspension in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor estuary, New Jersey, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1146, 18 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151146.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065792","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1146/ofr20151146.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1146"},{"id":307640,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7GB224S","text":"Oceanographic measurements for characterizing light attenuation and sediment resuspension in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary, New Jersey, 2013","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":307543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1146/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.90228271484375,\n 40.29419163838167\n ],\n [\n -74.26483154296875,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -74.4598388671875,\n 39.84439484396462\n ],\n [\n -74.63836669921874,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -74.8114013671875,\n 39.3130504637139\n ],\n [\n -74.66033935546875,\n 39.179046210512645\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n 39.17052936145295\n ],\n [\n -74.58343505859374,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -74.39666748046874,\n 39.29392267616436\n ],\n [\n -74.2510986328125,\n 39.442556532077376\n ],\n [\n -74.102783203125,\n 39.64165260123416\n ],\n [\n -74.0423583984375,\n 39.83174093314558\n ],\n [\n -73.90228271484375,\n 40.29419163838167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
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384 Woods Hole Road
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508-548-8700 or 508-457-2200
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http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
Over the last decades and centuries, European mountain landscapes have experienced substantial transformations. Natural and anthropogenic LULC changes (land use and land cover changes), especially agro-pastoral activities, have directly influenced the spatial organization and composition of European mountain landscapes. For the past sixty years, natural reforestation has been occurring due to a decline in both agricultural production activities and rural population. Stakeholders, to better anticipate future changes, need spatially and temporally explicit models to identify areas at risk of land change and possible abandonment. This paper presents an integrated approach combining forecasting scenarios and a LULC changes simulation model to assess where LULC changes may occur in the Pyrenees Mountains, based on historical LULC trends and a range of future socio-economic drivers. The proposed methodology considers local specificities of the Pyrenean valleys, sub-regional climate and topographical properties, and regional economic policies. Results indicate that some regions are projected to face strong abandonment, regardless of the scenario conditions. Overall, high rates of change are associated with administrative regions where land productivity is highly dependent on socio-economic drivers and climatic and environmental conditions limit intensive (agricultural and/or pastoral) production and profitability. The combination of the results for the four scenarios allows assessments of where encroachment (e.g. colonization by shrublands) and reforestation are the most probable. This assessment intends to provide insight into the potential future development of the Pyrenees to help identify areas that are the most sensitive to change and to guide decision makers to help their management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","publisherLocation":"Beijing","doi":"10.1007/s11629-014-3405-6","collaboration":"Laure Vacquie - University of Toulouse, France;\nThomas Houet - University of Toulouse, France;","usgsCitation":"Vacquie, L., Houet, T., Sohl, T.L., Reker, R.R., and Sayler, K., 2015, Modelling regional land change scenarios to assess land abandonment and reforestation dynamics in the Pyrenees (France): Journal of Mountain Science, v. 12, no. 4, p. 905-920, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-014-3405-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"905","endPage":"920","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057948","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://univ-tlse2.hal.science/hal-01194834","text":"External 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Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155005,"text":"70155005 - 2015 - Automated extraction of natural drainage density patterns for the conterminous United States through high performance computing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T09:50:40","indexId":"70155005","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-28T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Automated extraction of natural drainage density patterns for the conterminous United States through high performance computing","docAbstract":"Hydrographic networks form an important data foundation for cartographic base mapping and for hydrologic analysis. Drainage density patterns for these networks can be derived to characterize local landscape, bedrock and climate conditions, and further inform hydrologic and geomorphological analysis by indicating areas where too few headwater channels have been extracted. But natural drainage density patterns are not consistently available in existing hydrographic data for the United States because compilation and capture criteria historically varied, along with climate, during the period of data collection over the various terrain types throughout the country. This paper demonstrates an automated workflow that is being tested in a high-performance computing environment by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to map natural drainage density patterns at the 1:24,000-scale (24K) for the conterminous United States. Hydrographic network drainage patterns may be extracted from elevation data to guide corrections for existing hydrographic network data. The paper describes three stages in this workflow including data pre-processing, natural channel extraction, and generation of drainage density patterns from extracted channels. The workflow is concurrently implemented by executing procedures on multiple subbasin watersheds within the U.S. National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Pre-processing defines parameters that are needed for the extraction process. Extraction proceeds in standard fashion: filling sinks, developing flow direction and weighted flow accumulation rasters. Drainage channels with assigned Strahler stream order are extracted within a subbasin and simplified. Drainage density patterns are then estimated with 100-meter resolution and subsequently smoothed with a low-pass filter. The extraction process is found to be of better quality in higher slope terrains. Concurrent processing through the high performance computing environment is shown to facilitate and refine the choice of drainage density extraction parameters and more readily improve extraction procedures than conventional processing.
","conferenceTitle":"27th International Cartographic Conference","conferenceDate":"August 23-28, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Cham","usgsCitation":"Stanislawski, L.V., Falgout, J.T., and Buttenfield, B., 2015, Automated extraction of natural drainage density patterns for the conterminous United States through high performance computing, 27th International Cartographic Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 23-28, 2015.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066680","costCenters":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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for reconstruction of shortnose sturgeon life histories","docAbstract":"The imperiled status of sturgeons worldwide places priority on the identification and protection of critical habitats. We assessed the micro-structural and micro-chemical scope for a novel calcified structure, dorsal scutes, to be used for reconstruction of past habitat use and group separation in shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). Dorsal scutes contained a dual-layered structure composed of a thin multi-layered translucent zone lying dorsally above a thicker multi-layered zone. Banding in the thick multi-layered zone correlated strongly with pectoral fin spine annuli supporting the presence of chronological structuring that could contain a chemical record of past environmental exposure. Trace element profiles (Sr:Ca), collected using both wavelength dispersive electron microprobe analysis and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry, suggest scutes record elemental information useful for tracing transitions between freshwater and marine environments. Moreover, mirror-image like Sr:Ca profiles were observed across the dual-zone structuring of the scute that may indicate duplication of the microchemical profile in a single structure. Additional element:calcium ratios measured in natal regions of dorsal scutes (Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca) suggest the potential for further refinement of techniques for identification of river systems of natal origin. In combination, our results provide proof of concept that dorsal scutes possess the necessary properties to be used as structures for reconstructions of past habitat use in sturgeons. Importantly, scutes may be collected non-lethally and with less injury than current structures, like otoliths and fin spines, affording an opportunity for broader application of microchemical techniques.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s10641-015-0438-9","usgsCitation":"Altenritter, M.E., Kinnison, M.T., Zydlewski, G., Secor, D.H., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2015, Assessing dorsal scute microchemistry for reconstruction of shortnose sturgeon life histories: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 98, no. 12, p. 2321-2335, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-015-0438-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2321","endPage":"2335","ipdsId":"IP-062118","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a00067e4b099f50d3e046b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Altenritter, Matthew E.","contributorId":179378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Altenritter","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinnison, Michael T.","contributorId":169617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":663416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Gayle B.","contributorId":139211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Gayle B.","affiliations":[{"id":12606,"text":"University of Maine, Dept of Plant, Soil, & Envir Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":663161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Secor, David H.","contributorId":179379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Secor","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":663418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156346,"text":"ofr20151157 - 2015 - Vulnerability of larval lamprey to Columbia River hydropower system operations—effects of dewatering on larval lamprey movements and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-31T09:48:16","indexId":"ofr20151157","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-27T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1157","title":"Vulnerability of larval lamprey to Columbia River hydropower system operations—effects of dewatering on larval lamprey movements and survival","docAbstract":"Numbers of adult and juvenile Pacific lamprey ( Entosphenus tridentatus ) in the upper Columbia River Basin of the interior Pacific Northwest have decreased from historical levels (Close and others, 2002), raising concerns f rom State and Federal agencies and Tribal entities. In 1994, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designated Pacific lamprey as a Category 2 candidate species and in 2003, the species was petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Listing consideration and potential recovery planning are significantly hindered by a lack of information on the basic biology and ecology of lampreys, including limiting factors. To date (2015), several factors that may limit lamprey production require study, including dam passage issues, contaminants, and effects on habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151157","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Weiland, L.K., and Mesa, M.G., 2015, Vulnerability of larval lamprey to Columbia River hydropower system operations—Effects of dewatering on larval lamprey movements and survival: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1157, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151157.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066361","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307622,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1157/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1157/ofr20151157.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1157 PDF"}],"contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
The southern San Andreas fault system (California, USA) provides an excellent natural laboratory for studying the controls on vertical crustal motions related to strike-slip deformation. Here we present geologic, geomorphic, and gravity data that provide evidence for active northeastward tilting of the Santa Rosa Mountains and southern Coachella Valley about a horizontal axis oriented parallel to the San Jacinto and San Andreas faults. The Santa Rosa fault, a strand of the San Jacinto fault zone, is a large southwest-dipping normal fault on the west flank of the Santa Rosa Mountains that displays well-developed triangular facets, narrow footwall canyons, and steep hanging-wall alluvial fans. Geologic and geomorphic data reveal ongoing footwall uplift in the southern Santa Rosa Mountains, and gravity data suggest total vertical separation of ∼5.0–6.5 km from the range crest to the base of the Clark Valley basin. The northeast side of the Santa Rosa Mountains has a gentler topographic gradient, large alluvial fans, no major active faults, and tilted inactive late Pleistocene fan surfaces that are deeply incised by modern upper fan channels. Sediments beneath the Coachella Valley thicken gradually northeast to a depth of ∼4–5 km at an abrupt boundary at the San Andreas fault. These features all record crustal-scale tilting to the northeast that likely started when the San Jacinto fault zone initiated ca. 1.2 Ma. Tilting appears to be driven by oblique shortening and loading across a northeast-dipping southern San Andreas fault, consistent with the results of a recent boundary-element modeling study.
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However, the use of this phrase belies the fact that many in natural resources have only a limited understanding about what it actually means, how to measure it, and what to do with it. We introduce and describe several forms of the value of information in a context of the management of renewable natural resources. The value of information is discussed in terms of a potential gain in value with the addition of new information, as well as a loss in value associated with the absence of information. Value metrics are developed for uncertainty about resource status as well as resource processes and responses to management. We provide a common notation for the metrics of value, and discuss linkages of the value of information to strategic approaches such as adaptive resources management and partially observable decision processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1002/wsb.575","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., and Johnson, F.A., 2015, Value of information and natural resources decision-making: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 39, no. 3, p. 488-496, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.575.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"496","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057835","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/2406f5a1d6ab45f2b2a000c0cab6a442","text":"External Repository"},{"id":312241,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff658e4b09cfe53ca79d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Byron K. 0000-0001-7644-1396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1396","contributorId":86616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155907,"text":"70155907 - 2015 - Changes in data sharing and data reuse practices and perceptions among scientists worldwide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T13:39:46","indexId":"70155907","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-26T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in data sharing and data reuse practices and perceptions among scientists worldwide","docAbstract":"The incorporation of data sharing into the research lifecycle is an important part of modern scholarly debate. In this study, the DataONE Usability and Assessment working group addresses two primary goals: To examine the current state of data sharing and reuse perceptions and practices among research scientists as they compare to the 2009/2010 baseline study, and to examine differences in practices and perceptions across age groups, geographic regions, and subject disciplines. We distributed surveys to a multinational sample of scientific researchers at two different time periods (October 2009 to July 2010 and October 2013 to March 2014) to observe current states of data sharing and to see what, if any, changes have occurred in the past 3–4 years. We also looked at differences across age, geographic, and discipline-based groups as they currently exist in the 2013/2014 survey. Results point to increased acceptance of and willingness to engage in data sharing, as well as an increase in actual data sharing behaviors. However, there is also increased perceived risk associated with data sharing, and specific barriers to data sharing persist. There are also differences across age groups, with younger respondents feeling more favorably toward data sharing and reuse, yet making less of their data available than older respondents. Geographic differences exist as well, which can in part be understood in terms of collectivist and individualist cultural differences. An examination of subject disciplines shows that the constraints and enablers of data sharing and reuse manifest differently across disciplines. Implications of these findings include the continued need to build infrastructure that promotes data sharing while recognizing the needs of different research communities. Moving into the future, organizations such as DataONE will continue to assess, monitor, educate, and provide the infrastructure necessary to support such complex grand science challenges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0134826","usgsCitation":"Tenopir, C., Dalton, E.D., Allard, S., Frame, M., Pjesivac, I., Birch, B., Pollock, D., and Dorsett, K., 2015, Changes in data sharing and data reuse practices and perceptions among scientists worldwide: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 8, e0134826.; 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134826.","productDescription":"e0134826.; 24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063754","costCenters":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134826","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb2e4b08116168222d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tenopir, Carol","contributorId":172632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tenopir","given":"Carol","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalton, Elizabeth D.","contributorId":172768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalton","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16989,"text":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allard, Suzie","contributorId":172634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allard","given":"Suzie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frame, Mike 0000-0001-9995-2172 mike_frame@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-2172","contributorId":4541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"Mike","email":"mike_frame@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pjesivac, Ivanka","contributorId":172769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pjesivac","given":"Ivanka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Birch, Ben","contributorId":172635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birch","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pollock, Danielle","contributorId":172770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Danielle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16989,"text":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dorsett, Kristina","contributorId":172771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsett","given":"Kristina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16989,"text":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156264,"text":"fs20153057 - 2015 - Science from genes to landscapes","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70156264,"text":"fs20153057 - 2015 - Science from genes to landscapes","indexId":"fs20153057","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Science from genes to landscapes"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70196848,"text":"fs20183030 - 2018 - Ecosystems science: Genes to landscapes","indexId":"fs20183030","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Ecosystems science: Genes to landscapes"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70196848,"text":"fs20183030 - 2018 - Ecosystems science: Genes to landscapes","indexId":"fs20183030","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Ecosystems science: Genes to landscapes"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-11T14:00:47","indexId":"fs20153057","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-26T18:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3057","title":"Science from genes to landscapes","docAbstract":"Wherever flowering plants flourish, pollinating bees, birds, butterflies, bats, and other animals are at work, providing vital and often unnoticed services. Many of these species are in serious decline, a situation if unabated, threatens agricultural production, maintenance of natural plant communities, and other important services. Responding to this urgent challenge, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is part of efforts to provide scientific information to support pollinator conservation, including the implementation of a national pollinator health strategy (http://www.usgs.gov/ecosystems/wildlife/pollinators/.)
\nThis science is but one example of how the Ecosystems Science Mission Area of the USGS conducts science to support sound management and conservation of our Nation’s biological resources. It does this through research, technical assistance, and education conducted by Cooperative Research Units and Science Centers located in nearly every State.
\nThe quality of life and economic strength in America hinges on healthy ecosystems that support living things and natural processes. Ecosystem science better enables society to understand how and why ecosystems change, to predict and forecast future changes, and to guide actions that can prevent damage to, and restore and sustain ecosystems. It is through this knowledge that informed decisions are made about natural resources that can enhance our Nation's economic and environmental well-being.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153057","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2015, Science from genes to landscapes: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3057, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153057.","productDescription":"4 p.; HTML Document","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068444","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307557,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3057/","text":"Report HTML","description":"HTML version of FS 2015-3057"},{"id":307558,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3057/pdf/fs20153057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3057 PDF"},{"id":307559,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3057/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Ecosystems Mission Area
http://www.usgs.gov/ecosystems/
http://www.usgs.gov/ask/
1-888-ASK-USGS (1-888-275-8747)
An extensive canal and water management system exists in south Florida to prevent flooding, replenish groundwater, and impede saltwater intrusion. The unconfined Biscayne aquifer, which underlies southeast Florida and provides water for millions of residents, interacts with the canal system. The Biscayne aquifer is composed of a highly transmissive karst limestone; therefore, canal stage and flow may be affected by production well pumping, especially in locations where production wells and canals are in proximity.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey developed a local-scale, transient, numerical groundwater flow model of a well field in Miami-Dade County to (1) quantify relations between well-field pumping and C-2 Canal (herein referred to as the Snapper Creek Canal) leakage, (2) determine primary controls on canal leakage variability, and (3) summarize results that could simplify characterization of canal/well-field interactions in other locations. In addition to the groundwater model development, stable isotope data from water-quality samples were used to characterize the relations between production well pumping and canal leakage. The results from the groundwater model and the isotope data were used to refine the conceptual flow model of the study area.
\nThe groundwater flow model MODFLOW-NWT was used for simulating groundwater flow and quantifying interactions between pumping from the well field and Snapper Creek Canal leakage. Input data for the groundwater model included precipitation, evapotranspiration, pumping, canal stage, and regional groundwater elevation. The inverse modeling tool UCODE and groundwater data from June 2010 to July 2011 were used to calibrate the model. Parameter sensitivity analyses were performed with UCODE. Model sensitivities to geologic heterogeneity, non-laminar flow, and changes in the regional flow boundary were evaluated. The groundwater model generally fits the calibration criteria well within estimated error ranges for groundwater elevations and canal leakage values. The mean average error for heads simulated with the model was 0.19 meter, and head residuals were generally randomly distributed.
\nThe model simulated groundwater flow under ambient conditions without production well pumping to establish background leakage. Groundwater flow also was simulated with production well pumping to estimate induced leakage from the Snapper Creek Canal that occurs in response to pumping.
\nCanal leakage was quantified as a percentage of total canal leakage. The percentage of leakage during pumping increased non-linearly with pumping rate, indicating a decreasing sensitivity of canal leakage to pumping at relatively large pumping magnitudes. The results for Snapper Creek Canal may serve as an upper limit for well-field interaction with surface-water features in Miami-Dade County, given the proximity (about 50 meters) of the pumping wells in this study to the Snapper Creek Canal.
\nThe isotopic compositions of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) in groundwater samples were used to distinguish sources for groundwater within the study area and to assess the extent of natural mixing and pumping-induced mixing with water in the Snapper Creek Canal. Water-level data and water-quality samples were collected from monitoring well clusters, production wells, and the Snapper Creek Canal during discrete sampling events under ambient and pumping conditions. Trends in the isotope data generally follow the regional west-to-east hydraulic gradient across the study area. Data collected within the monitoring-well clusters in closest proximity to the canal indicate that groundwater/surface-water interactions are greatest within the shallow flow zone of the aquifer, especially during pumping conditions. The isotopic composition of samples collected within the study area indicates that the shallow, highly transmissive preferential flow zone receives substantial recharge from the canal. The isotope data from the production wells which are open to the deeper flow zone within the aquifer, indicate only traces of mixing with a 2H- and 18O-enriched source, suggesting little canal admixture with waters of the deeper flow zone.
\nResults from the groundwater model and the stable isotope data analysis indicate the importance of considering geologic heterogeneity when investigating the relations between pumping and canal leakage, not only at this site, but also at other sites with similar heterogeneous geology. The model results were consistently sensitive to the hydrogeologic framework and changes in hydraulic conductivities. The model and the isotope data indicate that the majority of the groundwater/surface-water interactions occurred within the shallow flow zone. A relatively lower-permeability geologic layer occurring between the shallowest and deep preferential flow zones lessens the interactions between the production wells and the canal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department","usgsCitation":"Nemec, Katherine, Antolino, Dominick, Turtora, Michael, and Foster, Adam, 2015, Relations between well-field pumping and induced canal leakage in east-central Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2010–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5095, 65 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155095.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 65 p.; Table","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056802","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5095/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307065,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5095/sir20155095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5095"},{"id":307066,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5095/sir20155095_table1-6.xlsx","text":"Table 6","size":"69.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5095","linkHelpText":"Summary of water-level and water-quality results for visited sites in Miami-Dade county, October 2008 through April 2011."}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","otherGeospatial":"Snapper Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.37700653076172,\n 25.692430237791747\n ],\n [\n -80.37700653076172,\n 25.712074241522732\n ],\n [\n -80.35160064697266,\n 25.712074241522732\n ],\n [\n -80.35160064697266,\n 25.692430237791747\n ],\n [\n -80.37700653076172,\n 25.692430237791747\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, USGS Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
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This report presents five storage assessment units (SAUs) that have been identified as potentially suitable for geologic carbon dioxide sequestration within a 35,075-square-mile area that includes the entire onshore and State-water portions of the South Florida Basin. Platform-wide, thick successions of laterally extensive carbonates and evaporites deposited in highly cyclic depositional environments in the South Florida Basin provide several massive, porous carbonate reservoirs that are separated by evaporite seals. For each storage assessment unit identified within the basin, the areal distribution of the reservoir-seal couplet identified as suitable for geologic Carbon dioxide sequestration is presented, along with a description of the geologic characteristics that influence the potential carbon dioxide storage volume and reservoir performance. On a case-by-case basis, strategies for estimating the pore volume existing within structurally and (or) stratigraphically closed traps are also discussed. Geologic information presented in this report has been employed to calculate potential storage capacities for carbon dioxide sequestration in the storage assessment units assessed herein, although complete assessment results are not contained in this report.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024L","usgsCitation":"Roberts-Ashby, T.L., Brennan, S.T., Merrill, M.D., Blondes, M.S., Freeman, P.A., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C.D., 2015, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources—South Florida Basin, chap. L of Warwick, P.D., and Corum, M.D., eds., Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1024–L, 22 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024L.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; Datasets","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061691","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307480,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/l/downloads/Cell_C5050.zip","text":"Well Density","size":"120 kB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":307479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/l/ofr20121024l.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2012-1024-L"},{"id":307473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/l/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307481,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/l/downloads/SAU_C5050.zip","text":"Storage Assessment Units","size":"1.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"South Florida Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.70556640625,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -81.375732421875,\n 28.555576049185973\n ],\n [\n -82.386474609375,\n 28.478348692223165\n ],\n [\n -82.672119140625,\n 28.507315578441784\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 28.20760859532738\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 27.96044306897833\n ],\n [\n -82.8643798828125,\n 27.824502916144823\n ],\n [\n -82.7764892578125,\n 27.702983735525834\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 27.48390806852859\n ],\n [\n -82.562255859375,\n 27.322974947245704\n ],\n [\n -82.4468994140625,\n 27.064017546608703\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 26.632728662035912\n ],\n [\n -82.12280273437499,\n 26.391869671769022\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 26.42138972529502\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 25.997549919572112\n ],\n [\n -81.6064453125,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n -81.265869140625,\n 25.681137335685307\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 25.34402602913433\n ],\n [\n -81.287841796875,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 24.936257323061316\n ],\n [\n -82.1337890625,\n 24.776759933219164\n ],\n [\n -82.562255859375,\n 24.78673454198888\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 24.826624956562167\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 24.676969798202656\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 24.4971463205719\n ],\n [\n -82.825927734375,\n 24.32707654001865\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 24.37712083961039\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 24.54712317973075\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 24.836595553891183\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 25.304303764403617\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 25.730632525531913\n ],\n [\n -80.057373046875,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -80.035400390625,\n 26.88288045572338\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 27.35225293806387\n ],\n [\n -80.452880859375,\n 27.877928333679495\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 28.275358281817105\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 28.507315578441784\n ],\n [\n -80.70556640625,\n 28.729130483430154\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"USGS Energy Resources Program,
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Our study investigated the carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry of mangrove island of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef (Twin Cays, Belize). The C:N:P of abiotic and biotic components of this oligotrophic ecosystem was measured and served to build networks of nutrient flows for three distinct mangrove forest zones (tall seaward fringing forest, inland dwarf forests and a transitional zone). Between forest zones, the stoichiometry of primary producers, heterotrophs and abiotic components did not change significantly, but there was a significant difference in C:N:P, and C, N, and P biomass, between the functional groups mangrove trees, other primary producers, heterotrophs, and abiotic components. C:N:P decreased with increasing trophic level. Nutrient recycling in the food webs was highest for P, and high transfer efficiencies between trophic levels of P and N also indicated an overall shortage of these nutrients when compared to C. Heterotrophs were sometimes, but not always, limited by the same nutrient as the primary producers. Mangrove trees and the primary tree consumers were P limited, whereas the invertebrates consuming leaf litter and detritus were N limited. Most compartments were limited by P or N (not by C), and the relative depletion rate of food sources was fastest for P. P transfers thus constituted a bottleneck of nutrient transfer on Twin Cays. This is the first comprehensive ecosystem study of nutrient transfers in a mangrove ecosystem, illustrating some mechanisms (e.g. recycling rates, transfer efficiencies) which oligotrophic systems use in order to build up biomass and food webs spanning various trophic levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-015-3379-2","usgsCitation":"Scharler, U.M., Ulanowicz, R.E., Fogel, M., Wooller, M.J., Jacobson-Meyers, M.E., Lovelock, C.E., Feller, I.C., Frischer, M., Lee, R., McKee, K.L., Romero, I.C., Schmit, J.P., and Shearer, C., 2015, Variable nutrient stoichiometry (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) across trophic levels determines community and ecosystem properties in an oligotrophic mangrove system: Oecologia, v. 179, no. 3, p. 863-876, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3379-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"876","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053960","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Belize","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cays","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.11012027332163,\n 16.83667240587222\n ],\n [\n -88.11012027332163,\n 16.822375123034163\n ],\n [\n -88.09550332318796,\n 16.822375123034163\n ],\n [\n -88.09550332318796,\n 16.83667240587222\n ],\n [\n -88.11012027332163,\n 16.83667240587222\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"179","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55ded527e4b0518e354e07eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scharler, U. 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C.","contributorId":147038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feller","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13510,"text":"Smithsonian Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Frischer, M.","contributorId":147039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frischer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lee, R.","contributorId":97153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X mckeek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"mckeek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Romero, I. C.","contributorId":147040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romero","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schmit, J. P.","contributorId":147041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmit","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Shearer, C.","contributorId":147042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shearer","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70156542,"text":"70156542 - 2015 - Observatory geoelectric fields induced in a two-layer lithosphere during magnetic storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-18T09:06:10","indexId":"70156542","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-26T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observatory geoelectric fields induced in a two-layer lithosphere during magnetic storms","docAbstract":"We report on the development and validation of an algorithm for estimating geoelectric fields induced in the lithosphere beneath an observatory during a magnetic storm. To accommodate induction in three-dimensional lithospheric electrical conductivity, we analyze a simple nine-parameter model: two horizontal layers, each with uniform electrical conductivity properties given by independent distortion tensors. With Laplace transformation of the induction equations into the complex frequency domain, we obtain a transfer function describing induction of observatory geoelectric fields having frequency-dependent polarization. Upon inverse transformation back to the time domain, the convolution of the corresponding impulse-response function with a geomagnetic time series yields an estimated geoelectric time series. We obtain an optimized set of conductivity parameters using 1-s resolution geomagnetic and geoelectric field data collected at the Kakioka, Japan, observatory for five different intense magnetic storms, including the October 2003 Halloween storm; our estimated geoelectric field accounts for 93% of that measured during the Halloween storm. This work demonstrates the need for detailed modeling of the Earth’s lithospheric conductivity structure and the utility of co-located geomagnetic and geoelectric monitoring.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1186/s40623-015-0213-3","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., and Swidinsky, A., 2015, Observatory geoelectric fields induced in a two-layer lithosphere during magnetic storms: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 67, art58: 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0213-3.","productDescription":"art58: 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062867","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0213-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","city":"Kakioka","volume":"67","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55ded525e4b0518e354e07e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swidinsky, Andrei","contributorId":146924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swidinsky","given":"Andrei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156628,"text":"70156628 - 2015 - Plugs or flood-makers? the unstable landslide dams of eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-24T16:06:17","indexId":"70156628","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-26T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plugs or flood-makers? the unstable landslide dams of eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"Landslides into valley bottoms can affect longitudinal profiles of rivers, thereby influencing landscape evolution through base-level changes. Large landslides can hinder river incision by temporarily damming rivers, but catastrophic failure of landslide dams may generate large floods that could promote incision. Dam stability therefore strongly modulates the effects of landslide dams and might be expected to vary among geologic settings. Here, we investigate the morphometry, stability, and effects on adjacent channel profiles of 17 former and current landslide dams in eastern Oregon. Data on landslide dam dimensions, former impoundment size, and longitudinal profile form were obtained from digital elevation data constrained by field observations and aerial imagery; while evidence for catastrophic dam breaching was assessed in the field. The dry, primarily extensional terrain of low-gradient volcanic tablelands and basins contrasts with the tectonically active, mountainous landscapes more commonly associated with large landslides. All but one of the eastern Oregon landslide dams are ancient (likely of order 103 to 104 years old), and all but one has been breached. The portions of the Oregon landslide dams blocking channels are small relative to the area of their source landslide complexes (0.4–33.6 km2). The multipronged landslides in eastern Oregon produce marginally smaller volume dams but affect much larger channels and impound more water than do landslide dams in mountainous settings. As a result, at least 14 of the 17 (82%) large landslide dams in our study area appear to have failed cataclysmically, producing large downstream floods now marked by boulder outwash, compared to a 40–70% failure rate for landslide dams in steep mountain environments. Morphometric indices of landslide dam stability calibrated in other environments were applied to the Oregon dams. Threshold values of the Blockage and Dimensionless Blockage Indices calibrated to worldwide data sets successfully separate dam sites in eastern Oregon that failed catastrophically from those that did not. Accumulated sediments upstream of about 50% of the dam sites indicate at least short-term persistence of landslide dams prior to eventual failure. Nevertheless, only three landslide dam remnants and one extant dam significantly elevate the modern river profile. We conclude that eastern Oregon's landslide dams are indeed floodmakers, but we lack clear evidence that they form lasting plugs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.040","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with Lewis and Clarck College, Portland, OR Central Washington University, USDA Forset Service","usgsCitation":"Safran, E.B., O'Connor, J., Ely, L.L., House, K., Grant, G., Harrity, K., Croall, K., and Jones, E., 2015, Plugs or flood-makers? the unstable landslide dams of eastern Oregon: Geomorphology, v. 248, p. 237-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.040.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"251","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061330","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.040","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -118.3447265625,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -121.00341796874999,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -121.48681640624999,\n 43.1811470593997\n ],\n [\n -118.58642578124999,\n 43.1811470593997\n ],\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 41.1290213474951\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 44.55916341529184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"248","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55ded526e4b0518e354e07e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safran, Elizabeth B.","contributorId":10694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Lisa L.","contributorId":19854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"House, Kyle 0000-0002-0019-8075 khouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-8075","contributorId":2293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Kyle","email":"khouse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grant, Gordon E.","contributorId":30881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harrity, Kelsey","contributorId":146980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrity","given":"Kelsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16764,"text":"Lewis and Clark College, Portland OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Croall, Kelsey","contributorId":146981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Croall","given":"Kelsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16764,"text":"Lewis and Clark College, Portland OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, Emily","contributorId":146982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16764,"text":"Lewis and Clark College, Portland OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156678,"text":"70156678 - 2015 - Persistence at distributional edges: Columbia spotted frog habitat in the arid Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:49:01","indexId":"70156678","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-26T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence at distributional edges: Columbia spotted frog habitat in the arid Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"A common challenge in the conservation of broadly distributed, yet imperiled species is understanding which factors facilitate persistence at distributional edges, locations where populations are often vulnerable to extirpation due to changes in climate, land use, or distributions of other species. For Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in the Great Basin (USA), a genetically distinct population segment of conservation concern, we approached this problem by examining (1) landscape-scale habitat availability and distribution, (2) water body-scale habitat associations, and (3) resource management-identified threats to persistence. We found that areas with perennial aquatic habitat and suitable climate are extremely limited in the southern portion of the species’ range. Within these suitable areas, native and non-native predators (trout and American bullfrogs [Lithobates catesbeianus]) are widespread and may further limit habitat availability in upper- and lower-elevation areas, respectively. At the water body scale, spotted frog occupancy was associated with deeper sites containing abundant emergent vegetation and nontrout fish species. Streams with American beaver (Castor canadensis) frequently had these structural characteristics and were significantly more likely to be occupied than ponds, lakes, streams without beaver, or streams with inactive beaver ponds, highlighting the importance of active manipulation of stream environments by beaver. Native and non-native trout reduced the likelihood of spotted frog occupancy, especially where emergent vegetation cover was sparse. Intensive livestock grazing, low aquatic connectivity, and ephemeral hydroperiods were also negatively associated with spotted frog occupancy. We conclude that persistence of this species at the arid end of its range has been largely facilitated by habitat stability (i.e., permanent hydroperiod), connectivity, predator-free refugia, and a commensalistic interaction with an ecosystem engineer. Beaver-induced changes to habitat quality, stability, and connectivity may increase spotted frog population resistance and resilience to seasonal drought, grazing, non-native predators, and climate change, factors which threaten local or regional persistence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1627","usgsCitation":"Arkle, R., and Pilliod, D., 2015, Persistence at distributional edges: Columbia spotted frog habitat in the arid Great Basin, USA: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 17, p. 3704-3724, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1627.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"3704","endPage":"3724","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059485","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1627","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.10253906249999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -120.10253906249999,\n 44.54350521320822\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 44.54350521320822\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -120.10253906249999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55ded526e4b0518e354e07e7","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ece3.1627","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1627","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Arkle Robert S., Pilliod David S.","journalName":"Ecology and Evolution","publicationDate":"8/2015","auditedOn":"10/21/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arkle, Robert S. 0000-0003-3021-1389 rarkle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-1389","contributorId":3501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert S.","email":"rarkle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. dpilliod@usgs.gov","contributorId":140097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155029,"text":"sir20155100 - 2015 - Flood-inundation maps for the Scioto River at La Rue, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-26T14:51:33","indexId":"sir20155100","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-26T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5100","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Scioto River at La Rue, Ohio","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 3-mile (mi) reach of the Scioto River that extends about 1/2 mi upstream and 1/2 mi downstream of the corporate boundary for La Rue, Ohio, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Village of La Rue, Marion County Commissioners, Montgomery Township, and Marion County Scioto River Conservancy. The flood-inundation maps show estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding correspond ing to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the Scioto River at La Rue (station number 03217500). The maps can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_ inundation/ . Near-real-time stages at this streamgage can be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/oh/nwis/uv/?site_no=03217500 or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydro - logic Prediction Service at http://water.weather.gov/ahps2/ hydrograph.php?wfo=cle&gage=LARO1 , which also forecasts flood hydrographs at this site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Village of La Rue, Marion County Commissioners, Montgomery Township, and Marion County Scioto River Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, M.T., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for the Scioto River at La Rue, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5100,Director, Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6480 Doubletree Ave
Columbus, OH 43229–1111
http://oh.water.usgs.gov/
Digital flood-inundation maps for a total of 19.7 miles of the Grand River, the Red Cedar River, and Sycamore Creek were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Lansing, Michigan, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, show estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at three USGS streamgages: Grand River at Lansing, MI (04113000), Red Cedar River at East Lansing, MI (04112500), and Sycamore Creek at Holt Road near Holt, MI (04112850). Near-real-time stages at these streamgages can be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at all of these sites.
\nEach set of flood profiles was computed by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. Each model was calibrated to the current stage-discharge relation at each streamgage and to water levels determined with stage sensors (pressure transducers) temporarily deployed along each stream reach. The hydraulic model was used to compute a set of water-surface profiles for flood stages from nearly Action Stage to above Major Flood stage, as reported by the National Weather Service. The computed water-surface profiles were then used in combination with a Geographic Information System digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data to delineate the approximate areas flooded at each water level.
\nThese maps, used in conjunction with real-time USGS streamgage data and NWS forecasting, provide critical information to emergency management personnel and the public. This information is used to plan flood response actions, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as aid in postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Lansing; Michigan, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, M.T., and Ostheimer, C.J., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for Grand River, Red Cedar River, and Sycamore Creek near Lansing, Michigan (ver. 1.1, February 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5101, 19 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155101.","productDescription":"Report: v, 19 p.; Downloads Directory","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064143","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316374,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5101/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2015-5101"},{"id":307510,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5101/downloads/sir20155101_lansing-mi-report-downloads.zip","text":"Downloads Directory","size":"1.15 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5101","linkHelpText":"Grids, Shapefiles, Metadata, and Ancillary Information"},{"id":307357,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5101/sir20155101.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5101"},{"id":307504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5101/coverthbr.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Eaton County, Ingham County","city":"Lansing","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.87556457519531,\n 42.487795634680005\n ],\n [\n -84.87556457519531,\n 42.86589941517495\n ],\n [\n -84.39834594726562,\n 42.86589941517495\n ],\n [\n -84.39834594726562,\n 42.487795634680005\n ],\n [\n -84.87556457519531,\n 42.487795634680005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Originally posted August 26, 2015; Version 1.1: February 2, 2016","contact":"Director, Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6480 Doubletree Ave
Columbus, OH 43229–1111
http://oh.water.usgs.gov/
The 24 September 2013 Mw7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake ruptured a ~ 200 km-long stretch of the Hoshab fault in southern Pakistan and produced the second-largest lateral surface displacement observed for a continental strike-slip earthquake. We remotely measured surface deformation associated with this event using high-resolution (0.5 m) pre- and post-event satellite optical imagery. We document left lateral, near-field, on-fault offsets (10 m from fault) using 309 laterally offset piercing points, such as streams, terrace risers, and roads. Peak near-field displacement is 13.6 + 2.5/− 3.4 m. We characterize off-fault deformation by measuring medium- (< 350 m from fault) and far-field (> 350 m from fault) displacement using manual (259 measurements) and automated image cross-correlation methods, respectively. Off-fault peak lateral displacement values are ~ 15 m and exceed on-fault displacement magnitudes for ~ 85% of the rupture length. Our observations suggest that for this rupture, coseismic surface displacement typically increases with distance away from the surface trace of the fault; however, nearly 100% of total surface displacement occurs within a few hundred meters of the primary fault trace. Furthermore, off-fault displacement accounts for, on average, 28% of the total displacement but exhibits a highly heterogeneous along-strike pattern. The best agreement between near-field and far-field displacements generally corresponds to the narrowest fault zone widths. Our analysis demonstrates significant and heterogeneous mismatches between on- and off-fault coseismic deformation, and we conclude that this phenomenon should be considered in hazard models based on geologically determined on-fault slip rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.019","usgsCitation":"Gold, R.D., Reitman, N.G., Briggs, R.W., Barnhart, W., Hayes, G.P., and Wilson, E.M., 2015, On- and off-fault deformation associated with the September 2013 Mw7.7 Balochistan earthquake: Implications for geologic slip rate measurements: Tectonophysics, v. 660, p. 65-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.019.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"78","ipdsId":"IP-066338","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Pakistan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 64.775390625,\n 24.926294766395593\n ],\n [\n 68.3349609375,\n 24.926294766395593\n ],\n [\n 68.3349609375,\n 28.76765910569123\n ],\n [\n 64.775390625,\n 28.76765910569123\n ],\n [\n 64.775390625,\n 24.926294766395593\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"660","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5940f9b4e4b0764e6c63eac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reitman, Nadine G. 0000-0002-6730-2682 nreitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-2682","contributorId":5816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reitman","given":"Nadine","email":"nreitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, William D. 0000-0003-0498-1697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-1697","contributorId":192730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnhart","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":147556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Earl M. emwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Earl","email":"emwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156540,"text":"70156540 - 2015 - Evidence of counter-gradient growth in western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) across thermal gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T18:07:51","indexId":"70156540","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-25T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of counter-gradient growth in western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) across thermal gradients","docAbstract":"Effective management of surface waters requires a robust understanding of spatiotemporal constituent loadings from upstream sources and the uncertainty associated with these estimates. We compared the total dissolved solids loading into the Great Salt Lake (GSL) for water year 2013 with estimates of previously sampled periods in the early 1960s.We also provide updated results on GSL loading, quantitatively bounded by sampling uncertainties, which are useful for current and future management efforts. Our statistical loading results were more accurate than those from simple regression models. Our results indicate that TDS loading to the GSL in water year 2013 was 14.6 million metric tons with uncertainty ranging from 2.8 to 46.3 million metric tons, which varies greatly from previous regression estimates for water year 1964 of 2.7 million metric tons. Results also indicate that locations with increased sampling frequency are correlated with decreasing confidence intervals. Because time is incorporated into the LOADEST models, discrepancies are largely expected to be a function of temporally lagged salt storage delivery to the GSL associated with terrestrial and in-stream processes. By incorporating temporally variable estimates and statistically derived uncertainty of these estimates,we have provided quantifiable variability in the annual estimates of dissolved solids loading into the GSL. Further, our results support the need for increased monitoring of dissolved solids loading into saline lakes like the GSL by demonstrating the uncertainty associated with different levels of sampling frequency.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.015","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with UT DNR, Div of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands","usgsCitation":"Shope, C.L., and Angeroth, C.E., 2015, Calculating salt loads to Great Salt Lake and the associated uncertainties for water year 2013; updating a 48 year old standard: Science of the Total Environment, v. 536, p. 391-405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.015.","productDescription":"15","startPage":"391","endPage":"405","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-061192","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.79937744140625,\n 41.73033005046653\n ],\n [\n -113.12072753906249,\n 41.64828831259535\n ],\n [\n -113.11248779296874,\n 41.56203190200195\n ],\n [\n -113.02459716796875,\n 41.37680856570233\n ],\n [\n -113.09326171875,\n 41.333513657873205\n ],\n [\n -113.08227539062499,\n 41.25716209782705\n ],\n [\n -112.884521484375,\n 41.23031465959445\n ],\n [\n -112.82958984375,\n 41.178653972331695\n ],\n [\n -112.85980224609375,\n 41.03171529379288\n ],\n [\n -112.73345947265625,\n 40.932190241465634\n ],\n [\n -112.64556884765624,\n 40.75557964275591\n ],\n [\n -112.55218505859374,\n 40.74517613004631\n ],\n [\n -112.5164794921875,\n 40.90313381465847\n ],\n [\n -112.42584228515625,\n 40.64521960545374\n ],\n [\n -112.34893798828124,\n 40.6410514961004\n ],\n [\n -112.11547851562499,\n 40.79301881008675\n ],\n [\n -112.10723876953124,\n 40.84290487729676\n ],\n [\n -111.884765625,\n 40.93841495689795\n ],\n [\n -111.94244384765625,\n 41.00477542222949\n ],\n [\n -112.08251953125,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -112.22259521484375,\n 41.24890252240322\n ],\n [\n -112.17864990234375,\n 41.31288691435732\n ],\n [\n -112.071533203125,\n 41.335575973123895\n ],\n [\n -112.01934814453125,\n 41.3850519497068\n ],\n [\n -112.06878662109374,\n 41.46537017728069\n ],\n [\n -112.23907470703124,\n 41.411835731001254\n ],\n [\n -112.29400634765624,\n 41.492120839687786\n ],\n [\n -112.445068359375,\n 41.492120839687786\n ],\n [\n -112.40936279296875,\n 41.24683746537623\n ],\n [\n -112.467041015625,\n 41.22205169039092\n ],\n [\n -112.54119873046875,\n 41.457136982923494\n ],\n [\n -112.65655517578125,\n 41.448902743309674\n ],\n [\n -112.763671875,\n 41.55586631766996\n ],\n [\n -112.72247314453124,\n 41.64828831259535\n ],\n [\n -112.79937744140625,\n 41.73033005046653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"536","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd83a3e4b0518e354dc708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shope, Christopher L. cshope@usgs.gov","contributorId":5016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"Christopher","email":"cshope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angeroth, Cory E. 0000-0002-2915-6418 angeroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-6418","contributorId":2105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeroth","given":"Cory","email":"angeroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156548,"text":"70156548 - 2015 - Instream cover and shade mediate avian predation on trout in semi-natural streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:52:49","indexId":"70156548","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-25T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instream cover and shade mediate avian predation on trout in semi-natural streams","docAbstract":"Piscivory by birds can be significant, particularly on fish in small streams and during seasonal low flow when available cover from predators can be limited. Yet, how varying amounts of cover may change the extent of predation mortality from avian predators on fish is not clear. We evaluated size-selective survival of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) in replicated semi-natural stream sections. These sections provided high (0.01 m2 of cover per m2 of stream) or low (0.002 m2 of cover per m2 of stream) levels of instream cover available to trout and were closed to emigration. Each fish was individually tagged, allowing us to track retention of individuals during the course of the 36-day experiment, which we attributed to survival from predators, because fish had no other way to leave the streams. Although other avian predators may have been active in our system and not detected, the only predator observed was the belted kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon, which is known to prey heavily on fish. In both treatments, trout >20.4 cm were not preyed upon indicating an increased ability to prey upon on smaller individuals. Increased availability of cover improved survival of trout by 12% in high relative to low cover stream sections. Trout also survived better in stream sections with greater shade, a factor we could not control in our system. Collectively, these findings indicate that instream cover and shade from avian predators can play an important role in driving survival of fish in small streams or during periods of low flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12221","usgsCitation":"Penaluna, B.E., Dunham, J., and Noakes, D., 2015, Instream cover and shade mediate avian predation on trout in semi-natural streams: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 25, no. 3, p. 405-411, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12221.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"411","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-06-29","temporalEnd":"2009-08-03","ipdsId":"IP-055842","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"25","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd83a4e4b0518e354dc711","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/eff.12221","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eff.12221","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Penaluna Brooke E., Dunham Jason B., Noakes David L. G.","journalName":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","publicationDate":"3/26/2015","auditedOn":"6/9/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penaluna, Brooke E.","contributorId":104817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penaluna","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":1808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noakes, David L. G.","contributorId":146933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noakes","given":"David L. G.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156546,"text":"70156546 - 2015 - Stress-gradient hypothesis explains susceptibility to Bromus tectorum invasion and community stability in North America's semi-arid Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:51:13","indexId":"70156546","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-25T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress-gradient hypothesis explains susceptibility to Bromus tectorum invasion and community stability in North America's semi-arid Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis ecosystems","docAbstract":"Questions: (1) What combinations of overlapping water and heat stress and herbivory disturbance gradients are associated with shifts in interactions between Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis (Artemisia) and herbaceous beneficiary species? (2) Do interactions between Artemisia and beneficiaries shift from competition to facilitation with increasing stress-disturbance where facilitation and competition are most frequent and strongest at the highest and lowest levels, respectively? (3) Do such relationships differ for native and non-native beneficiaries? (4) What are the implications of any observed shifts in interactions between community compositional stability in space and susceptibility to invasion?
\nLocation: North American Artemisia communities.
\nMethods: We tested the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH) in an observational study consisting of 75 sites located along overlapping water and heat stress and disturbance gradients. We used spatial patterns of association among Artemisia and six native and two non-native beneficiary species; including the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum, representing a diverse array of life history strategies, to infer whether the net outcome of interactions was facilitation or competition. We assessed implications for community stability by examining shifts in community composition in space and resistance to invasion.
\nResults/Conclusions: Cattle herbivory, a novel disturbance and selective force, was a significant component of two overlapping stress gradients most strongly associated with observed shifts in interactions. Facilitation and competition were strongest and most frequent at the highest and lowest stress levels along both gradients, respectively. Contrasting ecological optima among native and non-native beneficiaries led to strikingly different patterns of interactions. The four native bunchgrasses with the strongest competitive response abilities exhibited the strongest facilitation at their upper limits of stress tolerance, while the two non-natives exhibited the strongest competition at the highest stress levels, which coincided with their maximum abundance. Artemisia facilitation enhanced stability at intermediate stress levels by providing a refuge for native bunchgrasses, which in turn reduced the magnitude of B. tectorum invasion. However, facilitation was a destabilizing force at the highest stress levels when native bunchgrasses became obligate beneficiaries dependent on facilitation for their persistence. B. tectorum dominated these communities, and the next fire may convert them to annual grasslands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jvs.12327","usgsCitation":"Reisner, M.D., Doescher, P., and Pyke, D.A., 2015, Stress-gradient hypothesis explains susceptibility to Bromus tectorum invasion and community stability in North America's semi-arid Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis ecosystems: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1212-1224, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12327.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1212","endPage":"1224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-05-10","temporalEnd":"2009-07-15","ipdsId":"IP-053585","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin floristic province","volume":"26","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd83a6e4b0518e354dc71c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reisner, Michael D.","contributorId":96178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doescher, Paul S.","contributorId":100306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doescher","given":"Paul S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}