No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01392","usgsCitation":"Winston, R., 2001, Programs for simplifying the analysis of geographic information in U. S. Geological Survey ground-water models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-392, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01392.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0392/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59752,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0392/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e058","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winston, R.B.","contributorId":32950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30913,"text":"wri014069 - 2001 - Estimation of hydraulic characteristics in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system using computer simulations of river and drain pulses in the Rio Bravo study area, near Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"wri014069","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4069","title":"Estimation of hydraulic characteristics in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system using computer simulations of river and drain pulses in the Rio Bravo study area, near Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"In 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a hydrologic \r\ninvestigation of the surface-water/ground-water interaction of \r\nthe Rio Grande and the surrounding alluvium and the Santa Fe Group \r\naquifer system in an area near the Rio Bravo Bridge, south of Albu-\r\nquerque, New Mexico. A set of existing wells and new wells were \r\ninstrumented to monitor water levels in a section perpendicular to \r\nthe Rio Grande on the east side of the river. Equipment to measure \r\nstream stage was installed at two sites--on the Albuquerque Riverside \r\nDrain and on the Rio Grande. A short-duration river pulse and a \r\nlong-duration river pulse were used to stress the ground-water \r\nsystem while the changes in water levels were monitored. A ground-\r\nwater flow-model simulation using the principle of superposition was \r\nused to estimate the hydraulic characteristics of the local \r\nground-water system. Simulated horizontal hydraulic conductivities\r\nvaried from 0.03 to 100 feet per day, and vertical hydraulic \r\nconductivities varied from 1.5 x 10-6 to 0.01 foot per day. The \r\nspecific yield of layer 1 was estimated to be 0.3. Specific storage \r\nfor layers 2 through 11 was 1.0 x 10-6. Water entering the model from \r\nthe river along a 300-foot-wide cross section during simulation of \r\nthe short-duration pulse averaged 7.46 x 10-3 cubic foot per second \r\nand during the long-duration pulse was 1.66 x 10-3 cubic foot per \r\nsecond. The average flux from the model to the drain during the \r\nshort-duration pulse was 3.18 x 10-3 cubic foot per second. The \r\naverage flux for the long-duration pulse was 7.14 x 10-3 cubic foot \r\nper second from the drain to the model.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014069","usgsCitation":"Roark, D., 2001, Estimation of hydraulic characteristics in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system using computer simulations of river and drain pulses in the Rio Bravo study area, near Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4069, 52 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014069.","productDescription":"52 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95876,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4069/report.pdf","size":"3004","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4069/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roark, D.M.","contributorId":20776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roark","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185086,"text":"70185086 - 2001 - Geologic evidence of earthquakes at the Snohomish Delta, Washington, in the past 1200 yr","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T16:58:16.629911","indexId":"70185086","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic evidence of earthquakes at the Snohomish Delta, Washington, in the past 1200 yr","docAbstract":"Exposed channel banks along distributaries of the lower Snohomish delta in the Puget Lowland of Washington reveal evidence of at least three episodes of liquefaction, at least one event of abrupt subsidence, and at least one tsunami since ca. A.D. 800. The 45 measured stratigraphic sections consist mostly of 2–4 m of olive- gray, intertidal mud containing abundant marsh plant rhizomes. The most distinctive stratigraphic unit is a couplet comprising a 0.5−3-cm-thick, laminated, fining-upward, tsunami-laid sand bed overlain by 2−10 cm of gray clay. We correlated the couplet, which is generally ∼2 m below the modern marsh surface, across an ∼20 km2 area. Sand dikes and sand-filled cracks to 1 m wide, which terminate upward at the couplet, and sand volcanoes preserved at the level of the sand bed record liquefaction at the same time as couplet deposition. Differences in the type and abundance of marsh plant rhizomes across the couplet horizon, as well as the gray clay layer, suggest that compaction during this liquefaction led to abrupt, local lowering of the marsh surface by as much as 50–75 cm. Radiocarbon ages show that the tsunami and liquefaction date from ca. A.D. 800 to 980, similar to the age of a large earthquake on the Seattle fault, 50 km to the south.
We have found evidence for at least two, and possibly as many as five, other earthquakes in the measured sections. At two or more stratigraphic levels above the couplet, sand dikes locally feed sand volcanoes. Radiocarbon ages and stratigraphic position suggest that one set of these dikes formed ca. A.D. 910–990; radiocarbon ages on a younger set indicate a limiting maximum age of A.D. 1400–1640. We also interpret a sharp lithologic change, from olive-gray, rhizome-rich mud to grayer, rhizome-poor mud, ∼1 m above the couplet, to indicate a second abrupt lowering of the marsh surface during an earthquake ca. A.D. 1040– 1400, but no conclusive liquefaction structures have been identified at this horizon. Two distinctive coarse-sand laminae, 30–80 cm below the couplet, may record tsunamis older than A.D. 800.
Thus, study shows that in the past ∼1200 yr, this part of Washington's Puget Lowland has been subjected to stronger ground shaking than in historic times, since ca. 1870.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0482:GEOEAT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bourgeois, J., and Johnson, S.Y., 2001, Geologic evidence of earthquakes at the Snohomish Delta, Washington, in the past 1200 yr: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, no. 4, p. 482-494, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0482:GEOEAT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"482","endPage":"494","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Snohomish delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.244873046875,\n 47.936126860169225\n ],\n [\n -122.12265014648438,\n 47.936126860169225\n ],\n [\n -122.12265014648438,\n 48.06385542635001\n ],\n [\n -122.244873046875,\n 48.06385542635001\n ],\n [\n -122.244873046875,\n 47.936126860169225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c9012ae4b0849ce97abd12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bourgeois, Joanne","contributorId":57443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeois","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177777,"text":"70177777 - 2001 - The interplay of species concepts, taxonomy, and conservation: lessons from the Hawaiian avifauna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:05:16","indexId":"70177777","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interplay of species concepts, taxonomy, and conservation: lessons from the Hawaiian avifauna","docAbstract":"The Hawaiian Islands, with their unique geological history and geographic position, provide an excellent natural laboratory in which to evaluate currently competing biological (BSC) and phylogenetic (PSC) concepts of the species. Although the BSC as historically applied in archipelagic situations is shown to be flawed in producing overlumped polytypic species, it nevertheless remains the preferable concept for most practical purposes. A review of the taxonomic history and species limits in Hawaiian birds under both concepts reveals that, when properly applied, the BSC yields a species total remarkably close to that produced under the PSC, contrary to what many proponents of the latter have supposed. We propose that the widespread adoption of the PSC for conservation purposes is potentially harmful. The PSC trivializes the species taxon and introduces new problems of deciding when a population becomes diagnosable, the possibility that species could appear and disappear in a reticulate fashion, and the likelihood that genetically diagnosable but phenotypically identical, and therefore not field identifiable, populations could be ranked as species. All of these problems negatively impact such things as constructing credible and politically defensible lists of endangered species, the prioritization of limited conservation resources, and the gathering of field data. We contend the BSC is arguably a more rational concept that better supports the activities of both scientific and nonprofessional observers. Biological species limits in oceanic archipelagoes worldwide need to be reevaluated using modern concepts and technologies before rational conservation decisions can be made.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","usgsCitation":"Pratt, H.D., and Pratt, T.K., 2001, The interplay of species concepts, taxonomy, and conservation: lessons from the Hawaiian avifauna: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 22, p. 68-80.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-155.778234,20.245743],[-155.772734,20.245409],[-155.746893,20.232325],[-155.737004,20.222773],[-155.735822,20.212417],[-155.732704,20.205392],[-155.653966,20.16736],[-155.630382,20.146916],[-155.624565,20.145911],[-155.607797,20.137987],[-155.600909,20.126573],[-155.598033,20.124539],[-155.590923,20.122497],[-155.58168,20.123617],[-155.568368,20.130545],[-155.558933,20.13157],[-155.523661,20.120028],[-155.516795,20.11523],[-155.502561,20.114155],[-155.468211,20.104296],[-155.443957,20.095318],[-155.405459,20.078772],[-155.4024,20.075541],[-155.387578,20.067119],[-155.33021,20.038517],[-155.29548,20.024438],[-155.282629,20.021969],[-155.270316,20.014525],[-155.240933,19.990173],[-155.204486,19.969438],[-155.194593,19.958368],[-155.179939,19.949372],[-155.149215,19.922872],[-155.144394,19.920523],[-155.131235,19.906801],[-155.124618,19.897288],[-155.12175,19.886099],[-155.107541,19.872467],[-155.098716,19.867811],[-155.095032,19.867882],[-155.086341,19.855399],[-155.084357,19.849736],[-155.085674,19.838584],[-155.088979,19.826656],[-155.094414,19.81491],[-155.09207,19.799409],[-155.091216,19.776368],[-155.093517,19.771832],[-155.093387,19.737751],[-155.087118,19.728013],[-155.079426,19.726193],[-155.063972,19.728917],[-155.045382,19.739824],[-155.006423,19.739286],[-154.997278,19.72858],[-154.987168,19.708524],[-154.981102,19.690687],[-154.984718,19.672161],[-154.983778,19.641647],[-154.974342,19.633201],[-154.963933,19.627605],[-154.950359,19.626461],[-154.947874,19.62425],[-154.947718,19.621947],[-154.951014,19.613614],[-154.947106,19.604856],[-154.93394,19.597505],[-154.928205,19.592702],[-154.924422,19.586553],[-154.903542,19.570622],[-154.875,19.556797],[-154.852618,19.549172],[-154.837384,19.538354],[-154.826732,19.537626],[-154.814417,19.53009],[-154.809561,19.522377],[-154.809379,19.519086],[-154.822968,19.48129],[-154.838545,19.463642],[-154.86854,19.438126],[-154.887817,19.426425],[-154.928772,19.397646],[-154.944185,19.381852],[-154.964619,19.365646],[-154.980861,19.349291],[-155.020537,19.331317],[-155.061729,19.316636],[-155.113272,19.290613],[-155.1337,19.276099],[-155.159635,19.268375],[-155.172413,19.26906],[-155.187427,19.266156],[-155.19626,19.261295],[-155.205892,19.260907],[-155.243961,19.271313],[-155.264619,19.274213],[-155.296761,19.266289],[-155.303808,19.261835],[-155.31337,19.250698],[-155.341268,19.234039],[-155.349148,19.217756],[-155.360631,19.20893],[-155.378638,19.202435],[-155.390701,19.201171],[-155.417369,19.187858],[-155.427093,19.179546],[-155.432519,19.170623],[-155.453516,19.151952],[-155.465663,19.146964],[-155.505281,19.137908],[-155.51474,19.132501],[-155.51214,19.128174],[-155.512137,19.124296],[-155.519652,19.117025],[-155.526136,19.115889],[-155.528902,19.11371],[-155.544806,19.091059],[-155.551129,19.08878],[-155.557817,19.08213],[-155.555326,19.069377],[-155.555177,19.053932],[-155.557371,19.046565],[-155.566446,19.032531],[-155.576599,19.027412],[-155.581903,19.02224],[-155.596032,18.998833],[-155.596521,18.980654],[-155.601866,18.971572],[-155.613966,18.970399],[-155.625256,18.961951],[-155.625,18.959934],[-155.638054,18.941723],[-155.658486,18.924835],[-155.672005,18.917466],[-155.681825,18.918694],[-155.687716,18.923358],[-155.690171,18.932195],[-155.693117,18.940542],[-155.726043,18.969437],[-155.763598,18.981837],[-155.806109,19.013967],[-155.853943,19.023762],[-155.88155,19.036644],[-155.884077,19.039266],[-155.886278,19.05576],[-155.903693,19.080777],[-155.908355,19.081138],[-155.921389,19.121183],[-155.917292,19.155963],[-155.903339,19.217792],[-155.90491,19.230147],[-155.902565,19.258427],[-155.895435,19.274639],[-155.890842,19.298905],[-155.887356,19.337101],[-155.888701,19.348031],[-155.898792,19.377984],[-155.913849,19.401107],[-155.909087,19.415455],[-155.921707,19.43055],[-155.924269,19.438794],[-155.925166,19.468081],[-155.922609,19.478611],[-155.924124,19.481406],[-155.930523,19.484921],[-155.935641,19.485628],[-155.936403,19.481905],[-155.939145,19.481577],[-155.95149,19.486649],[-155.952897,19.488805],[-155.953663,19.510003],[-155.960457,19.546612],[-155.962264,19.551779],[-155.965211,19.554745],[-155.96935,19.555963],[-155.970969,19.586328],[-155.978206,19.608159],[-155.997728,19.642816],[-156.028982,19.650098],[-156.032928,19.653905],[-156.034994,19.65936],[-156.033326,19.66923],[-156.027427,19.672154],[-156.029281,19.678908],[-156.036079,19.690252],[-156.04796,19.698938],[-156.051652,19.703649],[-156.052485,19.718667],[-156.064364,19.730766],[-156.05722,19.742536],[-156.052315,19.756836],[-156.049651,19.780452],[-156.021732,19.8022],[-156.006267,19.81758],[-155.982821,19.845651],[-155.976651,19.85053],[-155.964817,19.855183],[-155.949251,19.857034],[-155.945297,19.853443],[-155.940311,19.852305],[-155.925843,19.858928],[-155.926938,19.870221],[-155.92549,19.875],[-155.915662,19.887126],[-155.901987,19.912081],[-155.894099,19.923135],[-155.894474,19.926927],[-155.892533,19.932162],[-155.866919,19.954172],[-155.856588,19.968885],[-155.840708,19.976952],[-155.838692,19.975527],[-155.835312,19.976078],[-155.831948,19.982775],[-155.828965,19.995542],[-155.825473,20.025944],[-155.828182,20.035424],[-155.850385,20.062506],[-155.866931,20.078652],[-155.88419,20.10675],[-155.899149,20.145728],[-155.906035,20.205157],[-155.901452,20.235787],[-155.890663,20.25524],[-155.882631,20.263026],[-155.873921,20.267744],[-155.853293,20.271548],[-155.811459,20.26032],[-155.783242,20.246395],[-155.778234,20.245743]]],[[[-157.789581,21.438396],[-157.789734,21.437679],[-157.789276,21.435833],[-157.790543,21.434313],[-157.791718,21.434881],[-157.793045,21.43391],[-157.793167,21.43574],[-157.791565,21.43651],[-157.791779,21.437752],[-157.793289,21.437658],[-157.791779,21.438435],[-157.791092,21.438442],[-157.790741,21.43874],[-157.789581,21.438396]]],[[[-160.125,21.95909],[-160.122262,21.962881],[-160.112746,21.995245],[-160.09645,22.001489],[-160.072123,22.003334],[-160.058543,21.99638],[-160.051992,21.983681],[-160.052729,21.980321],[-160.056336,21.977939],[-160.060549,21.976729],[-160.063349,21.978354],[-160.065811,21.976562],[-160.078393,21.955153],[-160.085787,21.927295],[-160.080012,21.910808],[-160.079065,21.89608],[-160.098897,21.884711],[-160.124283,21.876789],[-160.147609,21.872814],[-160.16162,21.864746],[-160.174796,21.846923],[-160.189782,21.82245],[-160.205211,21.789053],[-160.200427,21.786479],[-160.205851,21.779518],[-160.218044,21.783755],[-160.23478,21.795418],[-160.24961,21.815145],[-160.244943,21.848943],[-160.231028,21.886263],[-160.228965,21.889117],[-160.21383,21.899193],[-160.205528,21.907507],[-160.202716,21.912422],[-160.190158,21.923592],[-160.167471,21.932863],[-160.13705,21.948632],[-160.127302,21.955508],[-160.125,21.95909]]],[[[-159.431707,22.220015],[-159.40732,22.230555],[-159.388119,22.223252],[-159.385977,22.220009],[-159.367563,22.214906],[-159.359842,22.214831],[-159.357227,22.217744],[-159.353795,22.217669],[-159.339964,22.208519],[-159.315613,22.186817],[-159.308855,22.155555],[-159.297808,22.149748],[-159.295875,22.144547],[-159.295271,22.13039],[-159.297143,22.113815],[-159.317451,22.080944],[-159.321667,22.063411],[-159.324775,22.05867],[-159.333267,22.054639],[-159.337996,22.046575],[-159.341401,22.028978],[-159.333224,21.973005],[-159.333109,21.964176],[-159.334714,21.961099],[-159.350828,21.950817],[-159.356613,21.939546],[-159.382349,21.924479],[-159.408284,21.897781],[-159.425862,21.884527],[-159.446599,21.871647],[-159.471962,21.88292],[-159.490914,21.888898],[-159.517973,21.890996],[-159.555415,21.891355],[-159.574991,21.896585],[-159.577784,21.900486],[-159.584272,21.899038],[-159.610241,21.898356],[-159.637849,21.917166],[-159.648132,21.93297],[-159.671872,21.957038],[-159.681493,21.960054],[-159.705255,21.963427],[-159.72014,21.970789],[-159.758218,21.980694],[-159.765735,21.986593],[-159.788139,22.018411],[-159.790932,22.031177],[-159.786543,22.06369],[-159.780096,22.072567],[-159.748159,22.100388],[-159.741223,22.115666],[-159.733457,22.142756],[-159.726043,22.152171],[-159.699978,22.165252],[-159.66984,22.170782],[-159.608794,22.207878],[-159.591596,22.219456],[-159.583965,22.22668],[-159.559643,22.229185],[-159.554166,22.228212],[-159.548594,22.226263],[-159.54115,22.216764],[-159.534594,22.219403],[-159.523769,22.217602],[-159.51941,22.215646],[-159.518348,22.211182],[-159.515574,22.208008],[-159.507811,22.205987],[-159.501055,22.211064],[-159.500821,22.225538],[-159.488558,22.23317],[-159.480158,22.232715],[-159.467007,22.226529],[-159.45619,22.228811],[-159.441809,22.226321],[-159.431707,22.220015]]],[[[-157.014553,21.185503],[-156.999108,21.182221],[-156.991318,21.18551],[-156.987768,21.18935],[-156.982343,21.207798],[-156.984464,21.210063],[-156.984032,21.212198],[-156.974002,21.218503],[-156.969064,21.217018],[-156.962847,21.212131],[-156.951654,21.191662],[-156.950808,21.182636],[-156.946159,21.175963],[-156.918248,21.168279],[-156.903466,21.16421],[-156.898174,21.16594],[-156.89613,21.169561],[-156.896537,21.172208],[-156.867944,21.16452],[-156.841592,21.167926],[-156.821944,21.174693],[-156.771495,21.180053],[-156.742231,21.176214],[-156.738341,21.17202],[-156.736648,21.16188],[-156.719386,21.163911],[-156.712696,21.161547],[-156.714158,21.152238],[-156.726033,21.13236],[-156.748932,21.1086],[-156.775995,21.089751],[-156.790815,21.081686],[-156.794136,21.075796],[-156.835351,21.06336],[-156.865795,21.057801],[-156.877137,21.0493],[-156.891946,21.051831],[-156.89517,21.055771],[-156.953719,21.067761],[-157.00295,21.083282],[-157.02617,21.089015],[-157.032045,21.091094],[-157.037667,21.097864],[-157.079696,21.105835],[-157.095373,21.10636],[-157.125,21.1026],[-157.143483,21.096632],[-157.254061,21.090601],[-157.298054,21.096917],[-157.313343,21.105755],[-157.299187,21.132488],[-157.299471,21.135972],[-157.293774,21.146127],[-157.284346,21.157755],[-157.276474,21.163175],[-157.274504,21.162762],[-157.259911,21.174875],[-157.254709,21.181376],[-157.251007,21.190952],[-157.25026,21.207739],[-157.256935,21.215665],[-157.261457,21.217661],[-157.263163,21.220873],[-157.26069,21.225684],[-157.257085,21.227268],[-157.241534,21.220969],[-157.226445,21.220185],[-157.212082,21.221848],[-157.202125,21.219298],[-157.192439,21.207644],[-157.185553,21.205602],[-157.157103,21.200706],[-157.148125,21.200745],[-157.144627,21.202555],[-157.128207,21.201488],[-157.113438,21.197375],[-157.097971,21.198012],[-157.064264,21.189076],[-157.053053,21.188754],[-157.047757,21.190739],[-157.039987,21.190909],[-157.014553,21.185503]]],[[[-156.544169,20.522802],[-156.550016,20.520273],[-156.559994,20.521892],[-156.586238,20.511711],[-156.603844,20.524372],[-156.631143,20.514943],[-156.642347,20.508285],[-156.647464,20.512017],[-156.668809,20.504738],[-156.682939,20.506775],[-156.703673,20.527237],[-156.702265,20.532451],[-156.696662,20.541646],[-156.6801,20.557021],[-156.651567,20.565574],[-156.614598,20.587109],[-156.610734,20.59377],[-156.576871,20.60657],[-156.56714,20.604895],[-156.553604,20.594729],[-156.543034,20.580115],[-156.542808,20.573674],[-156.548909,20.56859],[-156.556021,20.542657],[-156.553018,20.539382],[-156.540189,20.534741],[-156.539643,20.527644],[-156.544169,20.522802]]],[[[-156.612012,21.02477],[-156.612065,21.027273],[-156.606238,21.034371],[-156.592256,21.03288],[-156.580448,21.020172],[-156.562773,21.016167],[-156.549813,21.004939],[-156.546291,21.005082],[-156.528246,20.967757],[-156.518707,20.954662],[-156.512226,20.95128],[-156.510391,20.940358],[-156.507913,20.937886],[-156.49948,20.934577],[-156.495883,20.928005],[-156.493263,20.916011],[-156.481055,20.898199],[-156.474796,20.894546],[-156.422668,20.911631],[-156.386045,20.919563],[-156.374297,20.927616],[-156.370729,20.932669],[-156.352649,20.941414],[-156.345655,20.941596],[-156.342365,20.938737],[-156.332817,20.94645],[-156.324578,20.950184],[-156.307198,20.942739],[-156.286332,20.947701],[-156.275116,20.937361],[-156.263107,20.940888],[-156.242555,20.937838],[-156.230159,20.931936],[-156.230089,20.917864],[-156.226757,20.916677],[-156.222062,20.918309],[-156.217953,20.916573],[-156.216341,20.907035],[-156.173103,20.876926],[-156.170458,20.874605],[-156.166746,20.865646],[-156.132669,20.861369],[-156.129381,20.847513],[-156.115735,20.827301],[-156.100123,20.828502],[-156.090291,20.831872],[-156.059788,20.81054],[-156.033287,20.808246],[-156.003532,20.795545],[-156.002947,20.789418],[-155.987944,20.776552],[-155.984587,20.767496],[-155.986851,20.758577],[-155.985413,20.744245],[-155.987216,20.722717],[-155.991534,20.713654],[-156.00187,20.698064],[-156.01415,20.685681],[-156.020044,20.686857],[-156.030702,20.682452],[-156.040341,20.672719],[-156.043786,20.664902],[-156.053385,20.65432],[-156.059753,20.652044],[-156.081472,20.654387],[-156.089365,20.648519],[-156.120985,20.633685],[-156.129898,20.627523],[-156.142665,20.623605],[-156.144588,20.624032],[-156.148085,20.629067],[-156.156772,20.629639],[-156.169732,20.627358],[-156.173393,20.6241],[-156.184556,20.629719],[-156.192938,20.631769],[-156.210258,20.628518],[-156.225338,20.62294],[-156.236145,20.61595],[-156.265921,20.601629],[-156.284391,20.596488],[-156.288037,20.59203],[-156.293454,20.588783],[-156.302692,20.586199],[-156.322944,20.588273],[-156.351716,20.58697],[-156.359634,20.581977],[-156.370725,20.57876],[-156.377633,20.578427],[-156.415313,20.586099],[-156.417523,20.589728],[-156.415746,20.594044],[-156.417799,20.598682],[-156.423141,20.602079],[-156.427708,20.598873],[-156.431872,20.598143],[-156.438385,20.601337],[-156.444242,20.607941],[-156.442884,20.613842],[-156.450651,20.642212],[-156.445894,20.64927],[-156.443673,20.656018],[-156.448656,20.704739],[-156.451038,20.725469],[-156.452895,20.731287],[-156.458438,20.736676],[-156.462242,20.753952],[-156.462058,20.772571],[-156.464043,20.781667],[-156.473562,20.790756],[-156.489496,20.798339],[-156.501688,20.799933],[-156.506026,20.799463],[-156.515994,20.794234],[-156.525215,20.780821],[-156.537752,20.778408],[-156.631794,20.82124],[-156.678634,20.870541],[-156.688969,20.888673],[-156.687804,20.89072],[-156.688132,20.906325],[-156.691334,20.91244],[-156.697418,20.916368],[-156.69989,20.920629],[-156.69411,20.952708],[-156.680905,20.980262],[-156.665514,21.007054],[-156.652419,21.008994],[-156.645966,21.014416],[-156.642592,21.019936],[-156.644167,21.022312],[-156.642809,21.027583],[-156.619581,21.027793],[-156.612012,21.02477]]],[[[-157.010001,20.929757],[-156.989813,20.932127],[-156.971604,20.926254],[-156.937529,20.925274],[-156.91845,20.922546],[-156.897169,20.915395],[-156.837047,20.863575],[-156.825237,20.850731],[-156.809576,20.826036],[-156.808469,20.820396],[-156.809463,20.809169],[-156.817427,20.794606],[-156.838321,20.764575],[-156.846413,20.760201],[-156.851481,20.760069],[-156.869753,20.754701],[-156.890295,20.744855],[-156.909081,20.739533],[-156.949009,20.738997],[-156.96789,20.73508],[-156.984747,20.756677],[-156.994001,20.786671],[-156.988933,20.815496],[-156.991834,20.826603],[-157.006243,20.849603],[-157.010911,20.854476],[-157.054552,20.877219],[-157.059663,20.884634],[-157.061128,20.890635],[-157.062511,20.904385],[-157.05913,20.913407],[-157.035789,20.927078],[-157.025626,20.929528],[-157.010001,20.929757]]],[[[-158.044485,21.306011],[-158.0883,21.2988],[-158.1033,21.2979],[-158.1127,21.3019],[-158.1211,21.3169],[-158.1225,21.3224],[-158.111949,21.326622],[-158.114196,21.331123],[-158.119427,21.334594],[-158.125459,21.330264],[-158.13324,21.359207],[-158.1403,21.3738],[-158.149719,21.385208],[-158.161743,21.396282],[-158.1792,21.4043],[-158.181274,21.409626],[-158.181,21.420868],[-158.182648,21.430073],[-158.192352,21.44804],[-158.205383,21.459793],[-158.219446,21.46978],[-158.233,21.4876],[-158.231171,21.523857],[-158.23175,21.533035],[-158.234314,21.540058],[-158.250671,21.557373],[-158.27951,21.575794],[-158.277679,21.578789],[-158.254425,21.582684],[-158.190704,21.585892],[-158.17,21.5823],[-158.12561,21.586739],[-158.10672,21.596577],[-158.106689,21.603024],[-158.1095,21.6057],[-158.108185,21.607487],[-158.079895,21.628101],[-158.0668,21.6437],[-158.066711,21.65234],[-158.0639,21.6584],[-158.0372,21.6843],[-158.018127,21.699955],[-157.9923,21.708],[-157.98703,21.712494],[-157.968628,21.712704],[-157.947174,21.689568],[-157.939,21.669],[-157.9301,21.6552],[-157.924591,21.651183],[-157.9228,21.6361],[-157.9238,21.6293],[-157.910797,21.611183],[-157.900574,21.605885],[-157.87735,21.575277],[-157.878601,21.560181],[-157.872528,21.557568],[-157.8669,21.5637],[-157.85614,21.560661],[-157.85257,21.557514],[-157.836945,21.529945],[-157.837372,21.512085],[-157.849579,21.509598],[-157.852625,21.499971],[-157.84549,21.466747],[-157.84099,21.459483],[-157.82489,21.455379],[-157.8163,21.4502],[-157.8139,21.4403],[-157.8059,21.4301],[-157.786513,21.415633],[-157.779846,21.417309],[-157.774455,21.421352],[-157.772209,21.431236],[-157.774905,21.453698],[-157.772209,21.457741],[-157.764572,21.461335],[-157.754239,21.461335],[-157.737617,21.459089],[-157.731777,21.455944],[-157.731328,21.444713],[-157.73582,21.438424],[-157.740762,21.424048],[-157.741211,21.414614],[-157.7386,21.4043],[-157.730191,21.401871],[-157.728221,21.402104],[-157.726421,21.402845],[-157.724324,21.403311],[-157.723794,21.40329],[-157.723286,21.403227],[-157.722735,21.403121],[-157.722544,21.403036],[-157.721845,21.401596],[-157.721083,21.399541],[-157.7189,21.3961],[-157.7089,21.3833],[-157.7087,21.3793],[-157.7126,21.3689],[-157.7106,21.3585],[-157.7088,21.3534],[-157.6971,21.3364],[-157.6938,21.3329],[-157.6619,21.3131],[-157.6518,21.3139],[-157.652629,21.308709],[-157.6537,21.302],[-157.6946,21.2739],[-157.6944,21.2665],[-157.7001,21.264],[-157.7097,21.2621],[-157.7139,21.2638],[-157.7142,21.2665],[-157.7114,21.272],[-157.7122,21.2814],[-157.7143,21.2845],[-157.7213,21.2869],[-157.7572,21.278],[-157.765,21.2789],[-157.7782,21.2735],[-157.7931,21.2604],[-157.8096,21.2577],[-157.8211,21.2606],[-157.8241,21.2646],[-157.8253,21.2714],[-157.8319,21.2795],[-157.8457,21.29],[-157.89,21.3065],[-157.894518,21.319632],[-157.898969,21.327391],[-157.90482,21.329172],[-157.918939,21.318615],[-157.917921,21.313781],[-157.913469,21.310983],[-157.910925,21.305768],[-157.952263,21.306531],[-157.950736,21.312509],[-157.951881,21.318742],[-157.967971,21.327986],[-157.973334,21.327426],[-157.989424,21.317984],[-158.0245,21.3093],[-158.044485,21.306011]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c6e4b0f497e78fca8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, H. Douglas","contributorId":176153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209195,"text":"70209195 - 2001 - Data files from “CWB Free-Field Strong-Motion Data from the 21 September Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake” ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T10:41:42","indexId":"70209195","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-23T10:36:35","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data files from “CWB Free-Field Strong-Motion Data from the 21 September Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake” ","docAbstract":"The Central Weather Bureau (CWB) of Taiwan completed a deployment of 1200 modern digital strong-motion instruments in 1996 at free-field sites and in buildings and bridges. Consequently, a very extensive set of strong-motion records were obtained for the MW = 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999, including over 60 near-field records within 20 km of the fault ruptures.
For documentation purposes, we included all relevant data files on the attached CD-ROM from our article, “CWB Free-Field Strong-Motion Data from the 21 September Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake” in this issue. We presented the data in four different ways to make the data more user friendly: (1) the original recorded data by accelerograph type; (2) the processed data in ASCII text format; (3) the processed data in SUDS format; and (4) the processed data in SAC format. (1)-(3) are exactly the same as in Lee et al. (2001), except the files are zipped (or compressed). (4) is provided for users using the SAC software on a Unix computer, and it also contains waveform plots of the data in PDF files for ease of viewing.
The attached CD contains the full report of Lee et al. (2001) in 25 PDF files for viewing or printing. This full report described the data set and the data processing performed in details. It also contains plots of all processed data with an index map showing the fault, mainshock location, and the station location. We also provided a readme.txt on the CDROM to augment this Short Note with further explanations.
We classify the recorded data files into four quality groups. Since the recorded strong-motion data are based on a triggering algorithm, a main concern is the amount of pre-event data and whether or not the record is long enough to cover the entire duration of the ground shaking at that station. In addition, we are concerned whether or not the record has defects (e.g., spikes, or a component was not recorded), and whether or not the record has absolute timing. In general, QA-class records are the best and can be used for any studies. QB-class records are the next best, except most of them do not have absolute timing. QC-class records cover the principal strong motions but may not have adequate pre-event data and/or post strong-motion data. QD-class records have some defects; they are included here for completeness and should not be used for most studies. Since most A800 accelerographs have a colocated A900 or A900A accelerograph, the user should use the A900 or A900A data files whenever possible.
There are a readme file and six subdirectories containing the data files described in our article on the attached CDROM, under the directory of \\LeeWHK: (1) readme.txt: an ASCII text file of this Short Note and additional explanations. (2) DOCfiles (subdirectory): documentary files in PDF format for viewing, and some files in ASCII text format for use in data processing. User should view or print the Reportxx.pdf files which describe the Chi-Chi strong-motion data set in details (xx is a number from 01 through 25). (3) Software (subdirectory): containing computer programs from the accelerograph manufacturers for viewing and converting the original recorded data; they are grouped by manufacturer. (4) ORGfiles (subdirectory): the original recorded data files grouped by accelerograph types; these files are for archival purposes only. (5) SUDfiles (subdirectory): the processed strong-motion data files in PC-SUDS format, and are grouped by quality class. (6) ASCfiles (subdirectory): the processed strong-motion data files are in ASCII text format and are grouped by quality class. (7) SACfiles (subdirectory): the processed strong-motion data files are in SAC format and are grouped by quality class. Within each quality class, the data are given by station. Each station has two files—xxx.pdf for viewing the three-component strong-motion data, and xxx_SAC.zip, a WINZIP file containing three SAC data files corresponding to the three components of the recorded acceleration. We use “xxx” here to denote the station name.
The quantification of current patterns is an essential component of a Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) application in a riverine environment. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provided a field validated two-dimensional Resource Management Associates-2 (RMA-2) hydrodynamic model capable of quantifying the steady-flowpatterns in the Ohio River extending from river mile 590 to 630 for the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) water-quality modeling efforts on that reach. Because of the hydrodynamic complexities induced by McAlpine Locks and Dam (Ohio River mile 607), the model was split into two segments: an upstream reach, which extended from the dam upstream to the upper terminus of the study reach at Ohio River mile 590; and a downstream reach, which extended from the dam downstream to a lower terminus at Ohio River mile 636.
The model was calibrated to a low-flow hydraulic survey (approximately 35,000 cubic feet per second (ft3/s)) and verified with data collected during a high-flow survey (approximately 390,000 ft3/s). The model calibration and validation process included matching water-surface elevations at 10 locations and velocity profiles at 30 cross sections throughout the study reach. Based on the calibration and validation results, the model is a representative simulation of the Ohio River steady-flow patterns below discharges of approximately 400,000 ft3/s.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014091","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C.R., and Mueller, D.S., 2001, Calibration and validation of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Ohio River, Jefferson County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4091, Report: v, 33 p.; 2 Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014091.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; 2 Data Files","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415394,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42110.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":267958,"rank":2,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4091/OhioDSMcAlpineBathy.pts"},{"id":267957,"rank":3,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4091/OhioUSMcAlpineBathy.pts"},{"id":264623,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4091/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264622,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.6126587855457,\n 38.42787057563183\n ],\n [\n -85.96164325693006,\n 38.42787057563183\n ],\n [\n -85.96164325693006,\n 38.043843909617834\n ],\n [\n -85.6126587855457,\n 38.043843909617834\n ],\n [\n -85.6126587855457,\n 38.42787057563183\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Raw Data files provided are the ancillery bathymetry data of the Ohio River used to develop the model. One of the raw data files contains upstream data while the other contains downstream data.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, C. R.","contributorId":102881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, D. S.","contributorId":51338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31309,"text":"ofr01236 - 2001 - Water-quality data of soil water from three watersheds, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T10:33:55","indexId":"ofr01236","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-236","title":"Water-quality data of soil water from three watersheds, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Data on the chemical composition of soil-water samples were collected quarterly from three watersheds in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, from September 1999 through July 2000. The soil-water samples were analyzed for specific conductance and concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, acid-neutralizing capacity, silica, and total monomeric aluminum. The soil-water data presented in this report can be used to support water-quality modeling of the response of streams to episodic acidification. Laboratory analytical data as well as laboratory quality-assurance information also are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Maben, S.W., and Webb, J., 2001, Water-quality data of soil water from three watersheds, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-236, 17 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01236.","productDescription":"17 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341587,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0236/ofr20010236.pdf","text":"Report","size":"182 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2001-0236"},{"id":160017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0236/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 38.6275996886131\n ],\n [\n -78.1512451171875,\n 38.7283759182398\n ],\n [\n -78.12103271484375,\n 38.76693348394693\n ],\n [\n -78.1182861328125,\n 38.86109762182888\n ],\n [\n -78.19244384765625,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -78.25286865234375,\n 38.86965182408357\n ],\n [\n -78.24188232421875,\n 38.83756825896614\n ],\n [\n -78.30230712890624,\n 38.841846903808985\n ],\n [\n -78.3929443359375,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -78.4259033203125,\n 38.713375686254714\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 38.638327308061875\n ],\n [\n -78.4918212890625,\n 38.55031345037904\n ],\n [\n -78.5577392578125,\n 38.567495358827344\n ],\n [\n -78.59344482421875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -78.607177734375,\n 38.41271038284709\n ],\n [\n -78.71429443359375,\n 38.33088431959971\n ],\n [\n -78.80218505859375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -78.826904296875,\n 38.21012996629426\n ],\n [\n -78.82965087890625,\n 38.13239618602294\n ],\n [\n -78.82415771484375,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -78.70330810546875,\n 38.1237539824224\n ],\n [\n -78.695068359375,\n 38.201496974020806\n ],\n [\n -78.56597900390625,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -78.45611572265625,\n 38.34381037525605\n ],\n [\n -78.37921142578125,\n 38.371808917147554\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 38.50948995925553\n ],\n [\n -78.23638916015625,\n 38.55031345037904\n ],\n [\n -78.23638916015625,\n 38.59326051987162\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 38.6275996886131\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
A statewide study was conducted to develop regression equations for estimating flood-frequency discharges for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. Thirty-eight selected basin characteristics were quantified and flood-frequency analyses were computed for 291 streamflow-gaging stations in Iowa and adjacent States. A generalized-skew-coefficient analysis was conducted to determine whether generalized skew coefficients could be improved for Iowa. Station skew coefficients were computed for 239 gaging stations in Iowa and adjacent States, and an isoline map of generalized-skew-coefficient values was developed for Iowa using variogram modeling and kriging methods. The skew map provided the lowest mean square error for the generalized-skew- coefficient analysis and was used to revise generalized skew coefficients for flood-frequency analyses for gaging stations in Iowa.
\nRegional regression analysis, using generalized least-squares regression and data from 241 gaging stations,was used to develop equations for three hydrologic regions defined for the State. The regression equations can be used to estimate flood discharges that have recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. One-variable equations were developed for each of the three regions and multi-variable equations were developed for two of the regions. Two sets of equations are presented for two of the regions because one-variable equations are considered easy for users to apply and the predictive accuracies of multi-variable equations are greater. Standard error of prediction for the one-variable equations ranges from about 34 to 45 percent and for the multi-variable equations ranges from about 31 to 42 percent.
\nA region-of-influence regression method was also investigated for estimating flood-frequency discharges for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. A comparison of regional and region-of influence regression methods, based on ease of application and root mean square errors, determined the regional regression method to be the better estimation method for Iowa.
\nTechniques for estimating flood-frequency discharges for streams in Iowa are presented for determining (1) regional regression estimates for ungaged sites on ungaged streams; (2) weighted estimates for gaged sites; and (3) weighted estimates for ungaged sites on gaged streams. The technique for determining regional regression estimates for ungaged sites on ungaged streams requires determining which of four possible examples applies to the location of the stream site and its basin. Illustrations for determining which example applies to an ungaged stream site and for applying both the one-variable and multi-variable regression equations are provided for the estimation techniques.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR-395A)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., 2001, Techniques for estimating flood-frequency discharges for streams in Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4233, iv, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004233.","productDescription":"iv, 88 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004233.JPG"},{"id":2788,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/WRIR_00-4233.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.923095703125,\n 43.8899753738369\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -97.283935546875,\n 40.069664523297774\n ],\n [\n -97.18505859374999,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -89.923095703125,\n 43.8899753738369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4886e4b07f02db519754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30916,"text":"wri014074 - 2001 - Methods to quantify seepage beneath Levee 30, Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T18:51:36.439002","indexId":"wri014074","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4074","title":"Methods to quantify seepage beneath Levee 30, Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, cross-sectional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model and a simple application of Darcy?s law were used to quantify ground-water flow (from a wetlands) beneath Levee 30 in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Geologic and geophysical data, vertical seepage data from the wetlands, canal discharge data, ground-water-level data, and surface-water-stage data collected during 1995 and 1996 were used as boundary conditions and calibration data for the ground-water flow model and as input for the analytical model. Vertical seepage data indicated that water from the wetlands infiltrated the subsurface, near Levee 30, at rates ranging from 0.033 to 0.266 foot per day when the gates at the control structures along Levee 30 canal were closed. During the same period, stage differences between the wetlands (Water Conservation Area 3B) and Levee 30 canal ranged from 0.11 to 1.27 feet. A layer of low-permeability limestone, located 7 to 10 feet below land surface, restricts vertical flow between the surface water in the wetlands and the ground water. Based on measured water-level data, ground-water flow appears to be generally horizontal, except in the direct vicinity of the canal. The increase in discharge rate along a 2-mile reach of the Levee 30 canal ranged from 9 to 30 cubic feet per second per mile and can be attributed primarily to ground-water inflow. Flow rates in Levee 30 canal were greatest when the gates at the control structures were open. The ground-water flow model data were compared with the measured ground-water heads and vertical seepage from the wetlands. Estimating the horizontal ground-water flow rate beneath Levee 30 was difficult owing to the uncertainty in the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the main flow zone of the Biscayne aquifer. Measurements of ground-water flows into Levee 30 canal, a substantial component of the water budget, were also uncertain, which lessened the ability to validate the model results. Because of vertical flows near Levee 30 canal and a very low hydraulic gradient east of the canal, a simplified Darcian approach simulated with the ground-water flow model does not accurately estimate the horizontal ground-water flow rate. Horizontal ground-water flow rates simulated with the ground-water flow model (for a 60-foot-deep by 1-foot-wide section of the Biscayne aquifer) ranged from 150 to 450 cubic feet per day west of Levee 30 and from 15 to 170 cubic feet per day east of Levee 30 canal. Vertical seepage from the wetlands, within 500 feet of Levee 30, generally accounted for 10 to 15 percent of the total horizontal flow beneath the levee. Simulated horizontal ground-water flow was highest during the wet season and when the gates at the control structures were open.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014074","usgsCitation":"Sonenshein, R., 2001, Methods to quantify seepage beneath Levee 30, Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4074, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014074.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414247,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42283.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dad County","otherGeospatial":"Levee 30","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.417,\n 25.95\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 25.95\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 25.758\n ],\n [\n -80.417,\n 25.758\n ],\n [\n -80.417,\n 25.95\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62d22d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonenshein, R.S.","contributorId":10415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21948,"text":"ofr0110 - 2001 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Update and additions to the determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradation compounds in water using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T16:02:29","indexId":"ofr0110","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-10","displayTitle":"Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group-Update and Additions to the Determination of Chloroacetanilide Herbicide Degradation Compounds in Water Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Update and additions to the determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradation compounds in water using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"An analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1999 for the analysis of selected chloroacetanilide herbicide degradation compounds in water. These compounds were acetochlor ethane sulfonic acid (ESA), acetochlor oxanilic acid (OXA), alachlor ESA, alachlor OXA, metolachlor ESA, and metolachlor OXA. The HPLC/MS method was updated in 2000, and the method detection limits were modified accordingly. Four other degradation compounds also were added to the list of compounds that can be analyzed using HPLC/MS; these compounds were dimethenamid ESA, dimethenamid OXA, flufenacet ESA, and flufenacet OXA. Except for flufenacet OXA, good precision and accuracy were demonstrated for the updated HPLC/MS method in buffered reagent water, surface water, and ground water. The mean HPLC/MS recoveries of the degradation compounds from water samples spiked at 0.20 and 1.0 g/L (microgram per liter) ranged from 75 to 114 percent, with relative standard deviations of 15.8 percent or less for all compounds except flufenacet OXA, which had relative standard deviations ranging from 11.3 to 48.9 percent. Method detection levels (MDL's) using the updated HPLC/MS method varied from 0.009 to 0.045 ?g/L, with the flufenacet OXA MDL at 0.072 g/L. The updated HPLC/MS method is valuable for acquiring information about the fate and transport of the parent chloroacetanilide herbicides in water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0110","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lee, E., Kish, J., Zimmerman, L., and Thurman, E., 2001, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Update and additions to the determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradation compounds in water using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-10, iv, 17 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0110.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0010/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51423,"rank":298,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, E.A.","contributorId":48608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kish, J.L.","contributorId":97937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E.","contributorId":75006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30909,"text":"wri014051 - 2001 - Updating flood maps efficiently using existing hydraulic models, very-high-accuracy elevation data, and a geographic information system: A pilot study on the Nisqually River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T19:03:24.764527","indexId":"wri014051","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4051","title":"Updating flood maps efficiently using existing hydraulic models, very-high-accuracy elevation data, and a geographic information system: A pilot study on the Nisqually River, Washington","docAbstract":"A method of updating flood inundation maps at a fraction of the expense of using traditional methods was piloted in Washington State as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Urban Geologic and Hydrologic Hazards Initiative. Large savings in expense may be achieved by building upon previous Flood Insurance Studies and automating the process of flood delineation with a Geographic Information System (GIS); increases in accuracy and detail result from the use of very-high-accuracy elevation data and automated delineation; and the resulting digital data sets contain valuable ancillary information such as flood depth, as well as greatly facilitating map storage and utility. The method consists of creating stage-discharge relations from the archived output of the existing hydraulic model, using these relations to create updated flood stages for recalculated flood discharges, and using a GIS to automate the map generation process. Many of the effective flood maps were created in the late 1970?s and early 1980?s, and suffer from a number of well recognized deficiencies such as out-of-date or inaccurate estimates of discharges for selected recurrence intervals, changes in basin characteristics, and relatively low quality elevation data used for flood delineation. FEMA estimates that 45 percent of effective maps are over 10 years old (FEMA, 1997). Consequently, Congress has mandated the updating and periodic review of existing maps, which have cost the Nation almost 3 billion (1997) dollars. The need to update maps and the cost of doing so were the primary motivations for piloting a more cost-effective and efficient updating method. New technologies such as Geographic Information Systems and LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) elevation mapping are key to improving the efficiency of flood map updating, but they also improve the accuracy, detail, and usefulness of the resulting digital flood maps. GISs produce digital maps without manual estimation of inundated areas between cross sections, and can generate working maps across a broad range of scales, for any selected area, and overlayed with easily updated cultural features. Local governments are aggressively collecting very-high-accuracy elevation data for numerous reasons; this not only lowers the cost and increases accuracy of flood maps, but also inherently boosts the level of community involvement in the mapping process. These elevation data are also ideal for hydraulic modeling, should an existing model be judged inadequate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014051","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., Haluska, T., and Kresch, D.L., 2001, Updating flood maps efficiently using existing hydraulic models, very-high-accuracy elevation data, and a geographic information system: A pilot study on the Nisqually River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4051, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014051.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43377.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Nisqually River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.732,\n 47.033\n ],\n [\n -122.667,\n 47.033\n ],\n [\n -122.667,\n 47.067\n ],\n [\n -122.732,\n 47.067\n ],\n [\n -122.732,\n 47.033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ebdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haluska, Tana 0000-0001-6307-4769 thaluska@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-4769","contributorId":1708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haluska","given":"Tana","email":"thaluska@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kresch, David L.","contributorId":46084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70161999,"text":"70161999 - 2001 - An individual-based model of rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease on European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T13:48:15","indexId":"70161999","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An individual-based model of rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease on European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","docAbstract":"We developed an individual-based model of Rabbit Viral Hemorrhagic Disease (RVHD) for European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.), representing up to 1000 rabbits in four hectares. Model output for productivity and recruitment matched published values. The disease was density-dependent and virulence affected outcome. Strains that caused death after several days produced greater overall mortality than strains in which rabbits either died or recovered very quickly. Disease effect also depended on time of year. We also elaborated a larger scale model representing 25 km2 and 100,000+ rabbits, split into a number of grid-squares. This was a more traditional model that did not represent individual rabbits, but employed a system of dynamic equations for each grid-square. Disease spread depended on probability of transmission between neighboring grid-squares. Potential recovery from a major population crash caused by the disease relied on disease virulence and frequency of recurrence. The model's dependence on probability of disease transmission between grid-squares suggests the way that the model represents the spatial distribution of the population affects simulation. Although data on RVHD in Europe are lacking, our models provide a basis for describing the disease in realistic detail and for assessing influence of various social and spatial factors on spread.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00363-5","usgsCitation":"Fa, J.E., Sharples, C.M., Bell, D.J., and DeAngelis, D., 2001, An individual-based model of rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease on European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Ecological Modelling, v. 144, no. 2-3, p. 121-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00363-5.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"138","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e03be4b039675d005de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fa, John E.","contributorId":152157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharples, Colin M.","contributorId":152158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharples","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, Diana J.","contributorId":152159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31313,"text":"ofr01244 - 2001 - A parallel-processing approach to computing for the geographic sciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T11:33:27","indexId":"ofr01244","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-244","title":"A parallel-processing approach to computing for the geographic sciences","docAbstract":"The overarching goal of this project is to build a spatially distributed infrastructure for information science research by forming a team of information science researchers and providing them with similar hardware and software tools to perform collaborative research. Four geographically distributed Centers of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are developing their own clusters of low-cost personal computers into parallel computing environments that provide a costeffective way for the USGS to increase participation in the high-performance computing community. Referred to as Beowulf clusters, these hybrid systems provide the robust computing power required for conducting research into various areas, such as advanced computer architecture, algorithms to meet the processing needs for real-time image and data processing, the creation of custom datasets from seamless source data, rapid turn-around of products for emergency response, and support for computationally intense spatial and temporal modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01244","usgsCitation":"Crane, M., Steinwand, D., Beckmann, T., Krpan, G., Haga, J., Maddox, B., and Feller, M., 2001, A parallel-processing approach to computing for the geographic sciences: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-244, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01244.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0244/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0244/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab89e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crane, Michael","contributorId":92307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinwand, Dan","contributorId":31438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beckmann, Tim 0000-0002-2557-0638","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-0638","contributorId":87995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckmann","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krpan, Greg","contributorId":88400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krpan","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haga, Jim","contributorId":31439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haga","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maddox, Brian","contributorId":54637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddox","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Feller, Mark","contributorId":79931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feller","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70161994,"text":"70161994 - 2001 - Applying linear programming to estimate fluxes in ecosystems or food webs: An example from the herpetological assemblage of the freshwater Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T13:28:56","indexId":"70161994","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying linear programming to estimate fluxes in ecosystems or food webs: An example from the herpetological assemblage of the freshwater Everglades","docAbstract":"We present the application of Linear Programming for estimating biomass fluxes in ecosystem and food web models. We use the herpetological assemblage of the Everglades as an example. We developed food web structures for three common Everglades freshwater habitat types: marsh, prairie, and upland. We obtained a first estimate of the fluxes using field data, literature estimates, and professional judgment. Linear programming was used to obtain a consistent and better estimate of the set of fluxes, while maintaining mass balance and minimizing deviations from point estimates. The results support the view that the Everglades is a spatially heterogeneous system, with changing patterns of energy flux, species composition, and biomasses across the habitat types. We show that a food web/ecosystem perspective, combined with Linear Programming, is a robust method for describing food webs and ecosystems that requires minimal data, produces useful post-solution analyses, and generates hypotheses regarding the structure of energy flow in the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00342-8","usgsCitation":"Diffendorfer, J., Richards, P., Dalrymple, G.H., and DeAngelis, D., 2001, Applying linear programming to estimate fluxes in ecosystems or food webs: An example from the herpetological assemblage of the freshwater Everglades: Ecological Modelling, v. 144, no. 2-3, p. 99-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00342-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"120","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e03be4b039675d005de9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Paul M.","contributorId":152087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalrymple, George H.","contributorId":152156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159373,"text":"70159373 - 2001 - Effects of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus radiometric and geometric calibrations and corrections on landscape characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-23T11:33:40","indexId":"70159373","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus radiometric and geometric calibrations and corrections on landscape characterization","docAbstract":"The Thematic Mapper (TM) instruments onboard Landsats 4 and 5 provide high-quality imagery appropriate for many different applications, including land cover mapping, landscape ecology, and change detection. Precise calibration was considered to be critical to the success of the Landsat 7 mission and, thus, issues of calibration were given high priority during the development of the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). Data sets from the Landsat 5 TM are not routinely corrected for a number of radiometric and geometric artifacts, including memory effect, gain/bias, and interfocal plane misalignment. In the current investigation, the effects of correcting vs. not correcting these factors were investigated for several applications. Gain/bias calibrations were found to have a greater impact on most applications than did memory effect calibrations. Correcting interfocal plane offsets was found to have a moderate effect on applications. On June 2, 1999, Landsats 5 and 7 data were acquired nearly simultaneously over a study site in the Niobrara, NE area. Field radiometer data acquired at that site were used to facilitate crosscalibrations of Landsats 5 and 7 data. Current findings and results from previous investigations indicate that the internal calibrator of Landsat 5 TM tracked instrument gain well until 1988. After this, the internal calibrator diverged from the data derived from vicarious calibrations. Results from this study also indicate very good agreement between prelaunch measurements and vicarious calibration data for all Landsat 7 reflective bands except Band 4. Values are within about 3.5% of each other, except for Band 4, which differs by 10%. Coefficient of variation (CV) values derived from selected targets in the imagery were also analyzed. The Niobrara Landsat 7 imagery was found to have lower CV values than Landsat 5 data, implying that lower levels of noise characterize Landsat 7 data than current Landsat 5 data. It was also found that following radiometric normalization, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery and classification products of Landsats 5 and 7 were very similar. This implies that data from the two sensors can be used to measure and monitor the same landscape phenomena and that Landsats 5 and 7 data can be used interchangeably with proper caution. In addition, it was found that difference imagery produced using Landsat 7 ETM+ data are of excellent quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00249-8","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., Helder, D., Morfitt, R., Choate, M., Merchant, J.W., and Bulley, H., 2001, Effects of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus radiometric and geometric calibrations and corrections on landscape characterization: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 78, no. 1-2, p. 55-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00249-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562b5a2de4b00162522207cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helder, Dennis 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":99714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morfitt, Ron 0000-0002-4777-4877 rmorfitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-4877","contributorId":4097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morfitt","given":"Ron","email":"rmorfitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choate, Mike 0000-0002-8101-4994 choate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-4994","contributorId":4618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"Mike","email":"choate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merchant, James W.","contributorId":7858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merchant","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bulley, Henry","contributorId":149391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bulley","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":30930,"text":"wri014109 - 2001 - Water temperature of streams in the Cook Inlet basin, Alaska, and implications of climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T12:41:50","indexId":"wri014109","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4109","title":"Water temperature of streams in the Cook Inlet basin, Alaska, and implications of climate change","docAbstract":"Water-temperature data from 32 sites in the Cook Inlet Basin, south-central Alaska, indicate various trends that depend on watershed characteristics. Basins with 25 percent or more of their area consisting of glaciers have the coldest water temperatures during the open-water season, mid-May to mid-October. Streams and rivers that drain lowlands have the warmest water temperatures. A model that uses air temperature as input to predict water temperature as output was utilized to simulate future trends in water temperature based on increased air temperatures due to climate warming. Based on the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, the model produced acceptable results for 27 sites. For basins with more than 25 percent glacial coverage, the model was not as accurate. Results indicate that 15 sites had a predicted water-temperature change of 3 degrees Celsius or more, a magnitude of change that is considered significant for the incidence of disease in fish populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014109","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Kyle, R.E., and Brabets, T.P., 2001, Water Temperature of Streams in the Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska, and Implications of Climate Change: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4109, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2887,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4109/wrir01-4109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"},{"id":160345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4109/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
Changes in soil and vegetation management can impact strongly on the rates of carbon (C) accumulation and loss in soil, even over short periods of time. Detecting the effects of such changes in accumulation and loss rates on the amount of C stored in soil presents many challenges. Consideration of the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, general environmental conditions, and management history is essential when designing methods for monitoring and projecting changes in soil C stocks. Several approaches and tools will be required to develop reliable estimates of changes in soil C at scales ranging from the individual experimental plot to whole regional and national inventories. In this paper we present an overview of soil properties and processes that must be considered. We classify the methods for determining soil C changes as direct or indirect. Direct methods include field and laboratory measurements of total C, various physical and chemical fractions, and C isotopes. A promising direct method is eddy covariance measurement of CO2 fluxes. Indirect methods include simple and stratified accounting, use of environmental and topographic relationships, and modeling approaches. We present a conceptual plan for monitoring soil C changes at regional scales that can be readily implemented. Finally, we anticipate significant improvements in soil C monitoring with the advent of instruments capable of direct and precise measurements in the field as well as methods for interpreting and extrapolating spatial and temporal information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1017514802028","usgsCitation":"Post, W., Izaurralde, R.C., Mann, L.K., and Bliss, N.B., 2001, Monitoring and verifying changes of organic carbon in soil: Climatic Change, v. 51, no. 1, p. 73-99, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017514802028.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"99","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce84e4b06217fc478afb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Post, W.M.","contributorId":27756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izaurralde, R. C.","contributorId":149248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Izaurralde","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mann, L. K.","contributorId":149249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mann","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30922,"text":"wri014084 - 2001 - Surface-geophysical characterization of ground-water systems of the Caloosahatchee River basin, southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T08:33:00","indexId":"wri014084","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4084","displayTitle":"Surface-Geophysical Characterization of Ground-Water Systems of the Caloosahatchee River Basin, Southern Florida","title":"Surface-geophysical characterization of ground-water systems of the Caloosahatchee River basin, southern Florida","docAbstract":"The Caloosahatchee River Basin, located in southwestern Florida, includes about 1,200 square miles of land. The Caloosahatchee River receives water from Lake Okeechobee, runoff from the watershed, and seepage from the underlying ground-water systems; the river loses water through drainage to the Gulf of Mexico and withdrawals for public-water supply and agricultural and natural needs. Water-use demands in the Caloosahatchee River Basin have increased dramatically, and the Caloosahatchee could be further stressed if river water is used to accommodate restoration of the Everglades. Water managers and planners need to know how much water will be used within the river basin and how much water is contributed by Lake Okeechobee, runoff, and ground water.
In this study, marine seismic-reflection and ground-penetrating radar techniques were used as a means to evaluate the potential for flow between the river and ground-water systems. Seven test coreholes were drilled to calibrate lithostratigraphic units, their stratal geometries, and estimated hydraulic conductivities to surface-geophysical profiles.
A continuous marine seismic-reflection survey was conducted over the entire length of the Caloosahatchee River and extending into San Carlos Bay. Lithostratigraphic units that intersect the river bottom and their characteristic stratal geometries were identified. Results show that subhorizontal reflections assigned to the Tamiami Formation intersect the river bottom between Moore Haven and about 9 miles westward. Oblique and sigmoidal progradational reflections assigned to the upper Peace River Formation probably crop out at the floor of the river in the Ortona area between the western side of Lake Hicpochee and La Belle. These reflections image a regional-scale progradational deltaic depositional system containing quartz sands with low to moderate estimated hydraulic conductivities. In an approximate 6-mile length of the river between La Belle and Franklin Lock, deeper karstic collapse structures are postulated. These structures influence the geometries of parallel reflections that intersect the river channel. Here, reflections assigned to the Buckingham Limestone Member of the Tamiami Formation (a confining unit) and reflections assigned to the clastic zone of the sandstone aquifer likely crop out at the river bottom. Beneath these shallow reflections, relatively higher amplitude parallel reflections of the carbonate zone of the sandstone aquifer are well displayed in the seismic-reflection profiles. In San Carlos Bay, oblique progradational reflections assigned to the upper Peace River Formation are shown beneath the bay. Almost everywhere beneath the river, a diffuse ground-water flow system is in contact with the channel bottom.
Ground-penetrating radar profiles of an area about 2 miles north of the depositional axis of the deltaic depositional system in the Ortona area show that progradational clinoforms imaged on seismic reflection profiles in the Caloosahatchee River are present within about 17 feet of the ground surface. Ground-penetrating radar profiles show southward dipping, oblique progradational reflections assigned to the upper Peace River Formation that are terminated at their tops by a toplapping or erosional discontinuity. These clinoformal reflections image clean quartz sand that is probably characterized by moderate hydraulic conductivity. This sand could be mapped using ground-penetrating radar methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.J., Locker, S.D., Hine, A.C., Bukry, D., Barron, J.A., and Guertin, L.A., 2001, Surface-geophysical characterization of ground-water systems of the Caloosahatchee River basin, southern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4084, iv, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014084.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"81","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366042,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4084/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":366041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4084/wri01_4084.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 01-4084"}],"contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559
Microbial calcification has been identified as a significant source of carbonate sediment production in modern marine and lacustrine environments around the globe. This process has been linked to the production of modern whitings and large, micritic carbonate deposits throughout the geologic record. Furthermore, carbonate deposits believed to be the result of cyanobacterial and microalgal calcification suggest that the potential exists for long-term preservation of microbial precipitates and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). Recent research has advanced our understanding of the microbial-calcification mechanism as a photosynthetically driven process. However, little is known of the effects of this process on inorganic carbon cycling or of the effects of changing climate on microbial-calcification mechanisms.
Laboratory experiments on microbial cellular physiology demonstrate that cyanobacteria and green algae can utilize different carbon species for metabolism and calcification. Cyanobacterial calcification relies on bicarbonate (HCO3–)utilization while green algae use primarily CO2. Therefore, depending on which carbonate species (HCO3– or CO2) dominates in the ocean or lacustrine environments (a condition ultimately linked to atmospheric partial pressure PCO2), the origin of lime-mud production by cyanobacteria and/or algae may fluctuate through geologic time. Trends of cyanobacteria versus algal dominance in the rock record corroborate this conclusion. These results suggest that relative species abundances of calcareous cyanobacteria and algae in the Phanerozoic may serve as potential proxies for assessing paleoclimatic conditions, including fluctuations in atmospheric PCO2.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological perspectives of global climate change: AAPG studies in geology #47","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Yates, K.K., and Robbins, L.L., 2001, Microbial lime-mud production and its relation to climate change, chap. 14 of Geological perspectives of global climate change: AAPG studies in geology #47: AAPG Studies in Geology, p. 267-283.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"283","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340844,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/study47/CH14/ch14.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b21e4b082fed288b926","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gerhard, L. C.","contributorId":30767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerhard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694223,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, W.E.","contributorId":51909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694224,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, B.M.B.","contributorId":29599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"B.M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694225,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Yates, K. K.","contributorId":108056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, L. L.","contributorId":71156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}