Most mathematical descriptions of predator-prey interactions fail to take into account the spatio-temporal structures of the populations, which can lead to errors or misinterpretations. For example, a compact pulse of prey migrating through a field of quasi-stationary predators may not be well described by standard predator-prey models, because the predators and prey are unlikely to be well mixed; that is, the prey may be exposed to only a fraction of the predator population at a time. This underscores the importance of properly accounting for the ecological neighborhood, or effective feeding range, of predators in models. We illustrate this situation with a series of models of salmon smolts migrating through a reservoir arrayed with predators. The reservoir is divided into a number of longitudinal compartments or spatial cells, the length of each cell representing the upstream-downstream range over which predators can forage. In this series of models a 100-km-long reservoir is divided, successively into 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 cells, with respective cell lengths of 50, 20, 10, 4, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 km. We used a detailed individual-based simulation model at first, but to ensure robustness of results we supplemented this with a simple analytic model. Both models showed sharp differences in the predicted mortality to a compact pulse of smolt prey moving through the reservoir, depending on the number of spatial cells in the model. In particular, models with fewer than about 10 cells vastly overpredicted the amount of mortality due to predators with activity ranges of not more than a few kilometers. These results corroborate recent theoretical and simulation studies on the importance of spatial scale and behavior in modeling predator-prey dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.940212.x","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., and Petersen, J.H., 2001, Importance of the predator's ecological neighborhood in modeling predation on migrating prey: Oikos, v. 94, no. 2, p. 315-325, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.940212.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"325","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e047e4b039675d005e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, James H. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":23231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156758,"text":"70156758 - 2001 - Evaluation of the Liu model for predicting rainfall interception in forests world-wide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T13:02:01","indexId":"70156758","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the Liu model for predicting rainfall interception in forests world-wide","docAbstract":"Simple but effective models are needed for the prediction of rainfall interception under a full range of environmental and management conditions. The Liu model was validated using data published in the literature and was compared with two leading models in the literature: the Rutter and the Gash models. The Liu model was tested against the Rutter model on a single-storm basis with interception measurements observed from an old-growth Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest in Oregon, USA. Simulated results by the Liu model were close to the measurements and comparable to those predicted by the Rutter model. The Liu model was further tested against the Gash model on a multistorm basis. The Gash and Liu models successfully predicted long-term interception losses from a broad range of 20 forests around the world. Results also indicated that both the Gash and the Liu models could be used to predict rainfall interception using daily rainfall data, although it was assumed in both models that there is only one storm per rain day. The sensitivity of the Liu model to stand storage capacity, canopy gap fraction and evaporation rate from wet canopy surface during rainfall was investigated. Results indicate that the Liu model has the simplest form, least data requirements and comparable accuracy for predicting rainfall interception as compared with the Rutter and the Gash models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.264","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., 2001, Evaluation of the Liu model for predicting rainfall interception in forests world-wide: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 2, p. 2341-1360, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.264.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2341","endPage":"1360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b8e4b0f42e3d040e0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70243313,"text":"70243313 - 2001 - In Jules Verne's footsteps: Seismology in the source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T15:50:06.715279","indexId":"70243313","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-31T10:45:39","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In Jules Verne's footsteps: Seismology in the source","docAbstract":"When Professor Otto Lidenbrock led his little band to the center of the Earth in Jules Verne's 1864 classic novel, the intrepid adventurers needed little more than practical 19th century clothes to provide them with comfort and protection. How different the science of earthquakes would be if conditions in the Earth were really so friendly to the would-be observer. Even the operation of seismic sensors at the relatively modest depth of 2–3 km, roughly the depth of the shallowest crustal earthquakes, requires careful precautions against the effects of unstable materials, temperature, pressure, and water for successful long-term observations to be made. Indeed, the handful of successful deep borehole experiments that have been conducted to date have depended on simple sensors with limited bandwidth and dynamic range, and have yielded data that were not ideally suited to investigating the details of the earthquake source.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/01EO00200","usgsCitation":"Ellsworth, B., Ito, H., Malin, P., and Abercrombie, R., 2001, In Jules Verne's footsteps: Seismology in the source: Eos Science News, v. 82, no. 31, p. 333-339, https://doi.org/10.1029/01EO00200.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"339","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/01eo00200","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellsworth, Bill","contributorId":26293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ito, Hisao","contributorId":93090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"Hisao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malin, Peter","contributorId":304956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abercrombie, Rachel E.","contributorId":293131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abercrombie","given":"Rachel E.","affiliations":[{"id":7208,"text":"Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248025,"text":"70248025 - 2001 - New digital data base helps to map North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T14:49:27.194456","indexId":"70248025","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-24T09:44:45","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New digital data base helps to map North America","docAbstract":"A new effort is underway to compile an upgraded digital magnetic anomaly data base and map for the North American continent by 2002. This program is a joint effort by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Consejo de Recursos Minerales de Mexico (CRM). An integrated, readily accessible, modern digital data base of magnetic anomaly data spanning North America will be a powerful tool for evaluating the structure, geologic processes, and tectonic evolution of the continent, and may also be used to help resolve societal and scientific issues that span national boundaries. Maps derived from the digital data base will provide a view of continentalscale trends not available in individual data sets, help link widely separated areas of out-crop, and unify disparate geologic studies.
We used radiotelemetry to quantify the movements and habitat use of resident adult Columbia River redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri (hereafter, redband trout) from October to December 1997 in South Fork Callahan Creek, a third‐order tributary to Callahan Creek in the Kootenai River drainage in northwestern Montana. All redband trout (N = 23) were consistently relocated in a stream reach with moderate gradient (2.3%) near the site of original capture. Some fish (N = 13) displayed sedentary behavior, whereas others were mobile (N = 10). The mean total distance moved during the study for all fish combined was 64 m (SD = 105 m; range, 0–362 m), and the mean home range from October through December was 67 m (SD = 99 m; range, 5–377 m). Thirteen redband trout made short upstream and downstream movements (mean total movement = 134 m; range, 8–362 m) that were related to habitat use. Mobile fish commonly migrated to complex pools that spanned the entire channel width (primary pools). Eight of 10 fish that did not change habitat location occupied primary pools, whereas the remaining 2 fish occupied lateral pools. Fish commonly overwintered in primary pools dominated by cobble and boulder substrates that contained large woody debris. As water temperatures decreased from 3.2–6.3°C in October to 0–3.8°C in November and December, we found a 29% average increase (46–75%) in the proportional use of primary pool habitats. The lack of extensive movement and small home ranges indicate that adult redband trout found suitable overwintering habitat in deep pools with extensive amounts of cover within a third‐order mountain stream. Resource managers who wish to protect overwintering habitat features preferred by redband trout throughout their limited range in streams affected by land management practices could apply strategies that protect and enhance pool habitat and stream complexity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0170:FAWHUA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., Bennett, D.H., and Marotz, B., 2001, Fall and winter habitat use and movement by Columbia River redband trout in a small stream in Montana: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 1, p. 170-177, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0170:FAWHUA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Callahan Creek, Kootnai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 42.90816007196054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5dcde4b0ebfbef0d3477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, David H.","contributorId":149934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13384,"text":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marotz, B.","contributorId":48684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marotz","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70093940,"text":"70093940 - 2001 - Hot, shallow mantle melting under the Cascades volcanic arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-13T16:16:54.190045","indexId":"70093940","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T12:58:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hot, shallow mantle melting under the Cascades volcanic arc","docAbstract":"Melting occurs at progressively greater depths and higher temperatures from west to east across the Cascades volcanic arc in northern California, as demonstrated by compositional variations observed in high-alumina olivine tholeiites. The lavas studied erupted from seven vents defining a 75-km-long, east-west transect across the arc, from near Mount Shasta to east of Medicine Lake volcano. The increase in melting depth across the arc parallels modeled isotherms in the mantle wedge and does not parallel the inferred dip of the slab. The depth of mantle melting at which the high-alumina olivine tholeiites were created is ∼36 km at the western end of the transect and 66 km at the eastern end. The very high temperatures of dry melting so close to the crust indicate a transitory condition of the mantle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0631:HSMMUT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Elkins Tanton, L.T., Grove, T., and Donnelly-Nolan, J., 2001, Hot, shallow mantle melting under the Cascades volcanic arc: Geology, v. 29, no. 7, p. 631-634, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0631:HSMMUT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"631","endPage":"634","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascades volcanic arc","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,40.0 ], [ -124.0,44.0 ], [ -118.0,44.0 ], [ -118.0,40.0 ], [ -124.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd60c3e4b0b290850fd213","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elkins Tanton, Linda T.","contributorId":65762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elkins Tanton","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, Timothy L.","contributorId":68546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Timothy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie","contributorId":69714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243317,"text":"70243317 - 2001 - Sediment transport on a high-energy ebb-tidal delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T16:21:36.549396","indexId":"70243317","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T11:15:01","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sediment transport on a high-energy ebb-tidal delta","docAbstract":"Six tripods were deployed at shallow (~14-m) and deep (~24-m) sites on the northern, middle, and southern flanks of the Grays Harbor, Washington, U.S.A. ebb-tidal delta from early October through December, 1999 to measure waves, currents, temperature, and suspended-sediment concentrations as part of a wave-refraction and sediment-transport experiment. Directional wave spectra show that the general direction of wave approach shifted from WNW to WSW as the North Pacific weather pattern shifted from summer to winter, and we were fortunate enough to capture a large storm (offshore significant wave heights of ~8 m) in late October and a sequence of about 8 smaller events with ~4 to 6-m waves in November and December. As expected, wave directions indicated refraction around the ebb-tidal delta, and varied with incident wave period and direction. Direct estimates of sediment flux about 0.4–0.6 m above the bottom, and modeled estimates of depth-integrated suspended sediment flux indicate net offshore and northward transport. By comparison, estimated net bedload flux was onshore, but at much lower rates. These results indicate that sand on the ebb-tidal delta can be mobilized frequently under winter conditions, and can bypass the inlet at depths of at least 24 m. The data also suggest that significant offshore transport occurs at these depths and that offshore suspended-sediment transport during winter is so great that it might not be balanced by onshore bedload transport.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal dynamics '01","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth Conference on Coastal Dynamics","conferenceDate":"June 11-15, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Lund, Sweden","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40566(260)48","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Gelfenbaum, G., Howd, P.A., and Palmsten, M.L., 2001, Sediment transport on a high-energy ebb-tidal delta, in Coastal dynamics '01, Lund, Sweden, June 11-15, 2001, p. 473-482, https://doi.org/10.1061/40566(260)48.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"482","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Grays Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.1391694014224,\n 46.907625746107215\n ],\n [\n -124.09378126898052,\n 46.89546432388724\n ],\n [\n -124.08666156193091,\n 46.85531205735134\n ],\n [\n -124.04572324639489,\n 46.86504869897112\n ],\n [\n -124.03949350272651,\n 46.89546432388724\n ],\n [\n -123.96117672517993,\n 46.91674500243926\n ],\n [\n -123.81878258418553,\n 46.95563639590878\n ],\n [\n -123.80098332014587,\n 46.975071498665926\n ],\n [\n -123.88386476104175,\n 46.9744642587811\n ],\n [\n -123.9239131131965,\n 46.979321986859446\n ],\n [\n -123.99778007383726,\n 46.98417927363806\n ],\n [\n -124.01379941469901,\n 46.98964319377879\n ],\n [\n -123.99956000059979,\n 47.00299709178165\n ],\n [\n -124.02803882879823,\n 47.03151469390369\n ],\n [\n -124.06986710771551,\n 47.04485812578454\n ],\n [\n -124.1241548739695,\n 47.04364522440841\n ],\n [\n -124.15530359231215,\n 47.03030148917691\n ],\n [\n -124.14907384864337,\n 47.00663848478595\n ],\n [\n -124.14284410497501,\n 46.966569509428695\n ],\n [\n -124.13483443454413,\n 46.94956147583932\n ],\n [\n -124.17577275007973,\n 46.93254803593527\n ],\n [\n -124.1391694014224,\n 46.907625746107215\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy 0000-0003-1291-6107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":221037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howd, Peter A. phowd@usgs.gov","contributorId":4105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howd","given":"Peter","email":"phowd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":872013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmsten, Margaret L.","contributorId":149363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmsten","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17718,"text":"Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159765,"text":"70159765 - 2001 - Negative binomial models for abundance estimation of multiple closed populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T09:36:02","indexId":"70159765","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Negative binomial models for abundance estimation of multiple closed populations","docAbstract":"Counts of uniquely identified individuals in a population offer opportunities to estimate abundance. However, for various reasons such counts may be burdened by heterogeneity in the probability of being detected. Theoretical arguments and empirical evidence demonstrate that the negative binomial distribution (NBD) is a useful characterization for counts from biological populations with heterogeneity. We propose a method that focuses on estimating multiple populations by simultaneously using a suite of models derived from the NBD. We used this approach to estimate the number of female grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) with cubs-of-the-year in the Yellowstone ecosystem, for each year, 1986-1998. Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC) indicated that a negative binomial model with a constant level of heterogeneity across all years was best for characterizing the sighting frequencies of female grizzly bears. A lack-of-fit test indicated the model adequately described the collected data. Bootstrap techniques were used to estimate standard errors and 95% confidence intervals. We provide a Monte Carlo technique, which confirms that the Yellowstone ecosystem grizzly bear population increased during the period 1986-1998.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington","doi":"10.2307/3803103","usgsCitation":"Boyce, M.S., MacKenzie, D.I., Manly, B.F., Haroldson, M.A., and Moody, D.W., 2001, Negative binomial models for abundance estimation of multiple closed populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 3, p. 498-509, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803103.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"498","endPage":"509","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.9232177734375,\n 43.620170616189924\n ],\n [\n -111.9232177734375,\n 45.786679041363726\n ],\n [\n -109.45678710937499,\n 45.786679041363726\n ],\n [\n -109.45678710937499,\n 43.620170616189924\n ],\n [\n -111.9232177734375,\n 43.620170616189924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5650524fe4b0f162148c5d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyce, Mark S.","contributorId":113205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyce","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacKenzie, Darry I.","contributorId":15926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Darry","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moody, David W.","contributorId":84729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162000,"text":"70162000 - 2001 - . Ecological conceptual models: a framework and case study on ecosystem management for South Florida sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T13:53:57","indexId":"70162000","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":". Ecological conceptual models: a framework and case study on ecosystem management for South Florida sustainability","docAbstract":"The Everglades and South Florida ecosystems are the focus of national and international attention because of their current degraded and threatened state. Ecological risk assessment, sustainability and ecosystem and adaptive management principles and processes are being used nationally as a decision and policy framework for a variety of types of ecological assessments. The intent of this study is to demonstrate the application of these paradigms and principles at a regional scale. The effects-directed assessment approach used in this study consists of a retrospective, eco-epidemiological phase to determine the causes for the current conditions and a prospective predictive risk-based assessment using scenario analysis to evaluate future options. Embedded in these assessment phases is a process that begins with the identification of goals and societal preferences which are used to develop an integrated suite of risk-based and policy relevant conceptual models. Conceptual models are used to illustrate the linkages among management (societal) actions, environmental stressors, and societal/ecological effects, and provide the basis for developing and testing causal hypotheses. These models, developed for a variety of landscape units and their drivers, stressors, and endpoints, are used to formulate hypotheses to explain the current conditions. They are also used as the basis for structuring management scenarios and analyses to project the temporal and spatial magnitude of risk reduction and system recovery. Within the context of recovery, the conceptual models are used in the initial development of performance criteria for those stressors that are determined to be most important in shaping the landscape, and to guide the use of numerical models used to develop quantitative performance criteria in the scenario analysis. The results will be discussed within an ecosystem and adaptive management framework that provides the foundation for decision making.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00746-X","usgsCitation":"Gentile, J., Harwell, M., Cropper, W., Harwell, C.C., DeAngelis, D., Davis, S., Ogden, J., and Lirman, D., 2001, . Ecological conceptual models: a framework and case study on ecosystem management for South Florida sustainability: Science of the Total Environment, v. 274, no. 1-3, p. 231-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00746-X.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"253","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"274","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e039e4b039675d005dd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gentile, J.H.","contributorId":49491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentile","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwell, M.A.","contributorId":34362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cropper, W. Jr.","contributorId":152160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cropper","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harwell, C. C.","contributorId":152161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harwell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, S.","contributorId":43505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ogden, J.C.","contributorId":78678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogden","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lirman, D.","contributorId":152162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lirman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":31263,"text":"ofr01119 - 2001 - Assessment of landslide hazards resulting from the February 13, 2001, El Salvador earthquake; a report to the government of El Salvador and the U. S. Agency for International Development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:05","indexId":"ofr01119","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-119","title":"Assessment of landslide hazards resulting from the February 13, 2001, El Salvador earthquake; a report to the government of El Salvador and the U. S. Agency for International Development","docAbstract":"On February 13, 2001, a\r\nmagnitude 6.5 earthquake\r\noccurred about 40 km eastsoutheast\r\nof the capital city of San\r\nSalvador in central El Salvador and\r\ntriggered thousands of landslides in\r\nthe area east of Lago de Ilopango.\r\nThe landslides are concentrated in a\r\n2,500-km2 area and are particularly\r\nabundant in areas underlain by\r\nthick deposits of poorly consolidated,\r\nlate Pleistocene and Holocene\r\nTierra Blanca rhyolitic tephras that\r\nwere erupted from Ilopango caldera.\r\nDrainages in the tephra deposits are\r\ndeeply incised, and steep valley\r\nwalls failed during the strong shaking.\r\nMany drainages are clogged\r\nwith landslide debris that locally\r\nburies the adjacent valley floor. The\r\nfine grain-size of the tephra facilitates\r\nits easy mobilization by rainfall\r\nrunoff. The potential for remobilizing\r\nthe landslide debris as debris flows\r\nand in floods is significant as this\r\nsediment is transported through the\r\ndrainage systems during the upcoming\r\nrainy season.\r\nIn addition to thousands of shallow\r\nfailures, two very large landslides\r\noccurred that blocked the Rio\r\nEl Desague and the Rio Jiboa. The\r\nRio El Desague landslide has an\r\nestimated volume of 1.5 million m3,\r\nand the Rio Jiboa landslide has an\r\nestimated volume of 12 million m3.\r\nField studies indicate that catastrophic\r\ndraining of the Rio El\r\nDesague landslide-dammed lake\r\nwould pose a minimal flooding hazard,\r\nwhereas catastrophic draining\r\nof the Rio Jiboa lake would pose a\r\nserious hazard and warrants immediate\r\naction. Construction of a spillway\r\nacross part of the dam could\r\nmoderate the impact of catastrophic\r\nlake draining and the associated\r\nflood.\r\nTwo major slope failures on the\r\nnorthern side of Volcan San Vicente\r\noccurred in the upper reaches of\r\nQuebrada Del Muerto and the\r\nQuebrada El Blanco. The landslide\r\ndebris in the Quebrada Del Muerto\r\nconsists dominantly of blocks of\r\nwell-lithified andesite, whereas the\r\ndebris in the Quebrada El Blanco\r\nconsists of poorly consolidated pyroclastic\r\nsediment. The large blocks of\r\nlithified rock in Quebrada Del\r\nMuerto are unlikely to be remobilized\r\nduring the rainy season;\r\nwhereas, the sandy and silty landslide\r\ndebris in the channel of\r\nQuebrada El Blanco is susceptible\r\nto remobilization as debris flows\r\nthat could extend into populated\r\nareas on the lower slopes of the volcano.\r\nAround the northern and eastern\r\nshore of Lago de Ilopango,\r\nearthquake-induced liquefaction\r\nand lateral-spreading landslides\r\ncaused local damage to homes and\r\nother structures; this damage was\r\nmost prevalent in the village of San\r\nAgustin. San Agustin is also potentially\r\nthreatened by floods because\r\nit is located on the alluvial fan of\r\nthe Quebrada El Chaguite drainage\r\nbasin, which contains hundreds of\r\nlandslides that have choked numerous\r\nsmall channels with volcanic\r\ntephra. As the easily eroded tephra\r\nis transported down the drainage\r\nsystem and deposited on the alluvial\r\nfan, it could clog the currently\r\nactive channel with sediment, divert\r\nthe stream into a new channel, and\r\npossibly direct flow through San\r\nAgustin, causing more damage and\r\ndestruction","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01119","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., Crone, A.J., Escobar, D., Harp, E.L., Major, J.J., Martinez, M., Pullinger, C., and Smith, M.E., 2001, Assessment of landslide hazards resulting from the February 13, 2001, El Salvador earthquake; a report to the government of El Salvador and the U. S. Agency for International Development (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-119, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01119.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2892,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Escobar, Demetreo","contributorId":11660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escobar","given":"Demetreo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martinez, Mauricio","contributorId":74041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Mauricio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pullinger, Carlos","contributorId":57511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pullinger","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Mark E.","contributorId":75584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":31280,"text":"ofr01158 - 2001 - Laboratory measurements of electrical properties of composite mine dump samples from Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-14T14:27:15.46296","indexId":"ofr01158","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-158","title":"Laboratory measurements of electrical properties of composite mine dump samples from Colorado and New Mexico","docAbstract":"Individual mine waste samples were collected and combined to form one composite sample at each of eight mine dump sites in Colorado and New Mexico. The samples were air-dried and sieved to determine the geochemical composition of their <2mm size fraction. Splits of the samples were then rehydrated and their electrical properties were measured in the US Geological Survey Petrophysical Laboratory, Denver, Colorado (PetLab). The PetLab measurements were done twice: in 1999, using convenient amounts of rehydration water ranging from 5% to 8%; and in 2000, using carefully controlled rehydrations to 5% and 10% water. This report gives geochemical analyses of the <2mm size fraction of the composite samples (Appendix A), PetLab graphs of the 1999 measurements (Appendix B), Petlab graphs of the 2000 measurements (Appendix C), and Cole-Cole models of the PetLab data from the 2000 measurements (Appendix D).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01158","usgsCitation":"Anderson, A.L., Campbell, D.L., and Beanland, S., 2001, Laboratory measurements of electrical properties of composite mine dump samples from Colorado and New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-158, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01158.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2904,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":391589,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39549.htm","text":"Leadville, CO area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466183,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39550.htm","text":"Silverton, CO area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Leadville, Silverton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.283,\n 39.239\n ],\n [\n -106.197,\n 39.239\n ],\n [\n -106.197,\n 39.267\n ],\n [\n -106.283,\n 39.267\n ],\n [\n -106.283,\n 39.239\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.699,\n 37.87805429381186\n ],\n [\n -107.699,\n 37.79022985684327\n ],\n [\n -107.61758505688162,\n 37.79022985684327\n ],\n [\n -107.61758505688162,\n 37.87805429381186\n ],\n [\n -107.699,\n 37.87805429381186\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b44f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Anita L.","contributorId":55482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, David L.","contributorId":95447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beanland, Shay","contributorId":11244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beanland","given":"Shay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30906,"text":"wri014041 - 2001 - Modeling water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:12:57","indexId":"wri014041","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4041","title":"Modeling water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-1997","docAbstract":"The calibration of a model of flow, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon, originally calibrated for the summers of 1991 through 1993, was extended to the summers of 1991 through 1997. The model is now calibrated for a total period of 42 months during the May through October periods of 7 hydrologically distinct years. Based on a modified version of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers model CE-QUAL-W2, this model provides a good fit to the measured data for streamflow, water temperature, and water quality constituents such as chloride, ammonia, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, phytoplankton, and dissolved oxygen. In particular, the model simulates ammonia concentrations and the effects of instream ammonia nitrification very well, which is critical to ongoing efforts to revise ammonia regulations for the Tualatin River. In addition, the model simulates the timing, duration, and relative size of algal blooms with sufficient accuracy to provide important insights for regulators and managers of this river.Efforts to limit the size of algal blooms through phosphorus control measures are apparent in the model simulations, which show this limitation on algal growth. Such measures are largely responsible for avoiding violations of the State of Oregon maximum pH standard of 8.5 in recent years, but they have not yet reduced algal biomass levels below the State of Oregon nuisance phytoplankton growth guideline of 15 ?g/L chlorophyll-a.Most of the dynamics of the instream dissolved oxygen concentrations are captured by the model. About half of the error in the simulated dissolved oxygen concentrations is directly attributable to error in the size of the simulated phytoplankton population. To achieve greater accuracy in simulating dissolved oxygen, therefore, it will be necessary to increase accuracy in the simulation of Tualatin River phytoplankton.Future efforts may include the introduction of multiple algal groups in the model. This model of the Tualatin River continues to be used as a quantitative tool to aid in the management of this important resource.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri014041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County, Oregon","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S.A., and Wood, T.M., 2001, Modeling water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4041, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014041.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014041.PNG"},{"id":311371,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4041/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Tualaltin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 45.85176048817254\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 45.85176048817254\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30886,"text":"wri20004262 - 2001 - Factors affecting reservoir and stream-water quality in the Cambridge, Massachusetts, drinking-water source area and implications for source-water protection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T18:37:09.153254","indexId":"wri20004262","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4262","title":"Factors affecting reservoir and stream-water quality in the Cambridge, Massachusetts, drinking-water source area and implications for source-water protection","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Water Department, to assess reservoir and tributary-stream quality in the Cambridge drinking-water source area, and to use the information gained to help guide the design of a comprehensive water-quality monitoring program for the source area. Assessments of the quality and trophic state of the three primary storage reservoirs, Hobbs Brook Reservoir, Stony Brook Reservoir, and Fresh Pond, were conducted (September 1997-November 1998) to provide baseline information on the state of these resources and to determine the vulnerability of the reservoirs to increased loads of nutrients and other contaminants. The effects of land use, land cover, and other drainage-basin characteristics on sources, transport, and fate of fecal-indicator bacteria, highway deicing chemicals, nutrients, selected metals, and naturally occurring organic compounds in 11 subbasins that contribute water to the reservoirs also was investigated, and the data used to select sampling stations for incorporation into a water-quality monitoring network for the source area.\r\n\r\nAll three reservoirs exhibited thermal and chemical stratification, despite artificial mixing by air hoses in Stony Brook Reservoir and Fresh Pond. The stratification produced anoxic or hypoxic conditions in the deepest parts of the reservoirs and these conditions resulted in the release of ammonia nitrogen orthophosphate phosphorus, and dissolved iron and manganese from the reservoir bed sediments.\r\nConcentrations of sodium and chloride in the reservoirs usually were higher than the amounts recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection agency for drinking-water sources (20 milligrams per liter for sodium and 250 milligrams per liter for chloride). Maximum measured sodium concentrations were highest in Hobbs Brook Reservoir (113 milligrams per liter), intermediate in Stony Brook Reservoir (62 milligrams per liter), and lowest in Fresh Pond (54 milligrams per liter). Bed sediments in Hobbs Brook and Stony Brook Reservoirs were enriched in iron, manganese, and arsenic relative to those in the impounded lower Charles River in Boston, Massachusetts.\r\n\r\nTrophic state indices, calculated for each reservoir based on nutrient concentrations, water-column transparency, and phytoplankton abundances, indicated that the upper and middle basins of Hobbs Brook Reservoir were moderately to highly productive and likely to produce algal blooms; the lower basin of Hobbs Brook Reservoir and Stony Brook Reservoir were similar and intermediate in productivity, and Fresh Pond was relatively unproductive and unlikely to produce algal blooms. This pattern is likely due to sedimentation of organic and inorganic particles in the three basins of Hobbs Brook Reservoir and in Stony Brook Reservoir. Molar ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus ranged from 55 in Stony Brook Reservoir to 120 in Hobbs Brook Reservoir, indicating that phytoplankton algae in these water bodies may be phosphorus limited and therefore sensitive to small increases in phosphorus loading from the drainage basin. Nitrogen loads were found to be less important than phosphorus to the trophic condition of the reservoirs.\r\nHobbs Brook and Stony Brook, the two principle streams draining the Cambridge drinking-water source area, differed in their relative contributions to many of the estimated constituent loads. The estimated load of fecal coliform bacteria was more than seven times larger for the mainly residential Stony Brook subbasin upstream from Kendal Green, Mass., than it was for the more commercial and industrial Hobbs Brook subbasin, though the drainage areas of the two subbasins differ only by about 20 percent. The State standard for fecal coliform bacteria in streams in the Cambridge drinking-water source area (20 colony forming units per 100 milliliters) was exceeded at all sampling stations.\r\n\r\nEstimated s","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004262","usgsCitation":"Waldron, M.C., and Bent, G.C., 2001, Factors affecting reservoir and stream-water quality in the Cambridge, Massachusetts, drinking-water source area and implications for source-water protection: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4262, v, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004262.","productDescription":"v, 89 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400773,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37620.htm"},{"id":160992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4262/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95870,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4262/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Cambridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.33,\n 42.3\n ],\n [\n -71,\n 42.3\n ],\n [\n -71,\n 42.433\n ],\n [\n -71.33,\n 42.433\n ],\n [\n -71.33,\n 42.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f87dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31212,"text":"ofr0135 - 2001 - Hydraulic and mechanical properties affecting ground-water flow and aquifer-system compaction, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:06","indexId":"ofr0135","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-35","title":"Hydraulic and mechanical properties affecting ground-water flow and aquifer-system compaction, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"This report summarizes hydraulic and mechanical properties affecting ground-water flow and aquifer-system compaction in the San Joaquin Valley, a broad alluviated intermontane structural trough that constitutes the southern two-thirds of the Central Valley of California. These values will be used to constrain a coupled ground-water flow and aquifer-system compaction model of the western San Joaquin Valley called WESTSIM. A main objective of the WESTSIM model is to evaluate potential future land subsidence that might occur under conditions in which deliveries of imported surface water for agricultural use are reduced and ground-water pumping is increased. Storage values generally are components of the total aquifer-system storage and include inelastic and elastic skeletal storage values of the aquifers and the aquitards that primarily govern the potential amount of land subsidence. Vertical hydraulic conductivity values generally are for discrete thicknesses of sediments, usually aquitards, that primarily govern the rate of land subsidence. The data were compiled from published sources and include results of aquifer tests, stress-strain analyses of borehole extensometer observations, laboratory consolidation tests, and calibrated models of aquifer-system compaction.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0135","usgsCitation":"Sneed, M., 2001, Hydraulic and mechanical properties affecting ground-water flow and aquifer-system compaction, San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-35, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0135.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2745,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01035","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629b78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30920,"text":"wri014080 - 2001 - Sediment oxygen demand in upper Klamath and Agency lakes, Oregon, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T08:53:40","indexId":"wri014080","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4080","title":"Sediment oxygen demand in upper Klamath and Agency lakes, Oregon, 1999","docAbstract":"Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) was measured in two shallow, interconnected lakes in southern Oregon, Upper Klamath Lake and Agency Lake, in spring and late summer of 1999. Upper Klamath Lake contains populations of two endangered fishes, the shortnose sucker and the Lost River sucker, and low dissolved oxygen concentrations in summer are thought to be one factor affecting sucker populations.
\nThe distribution of SOD20 values (measured sediment oxygen demand values corrected to 20o C [degrees Celsius]) had a median value of 1.6 g/m2/day (grams per square meter per day) in the spring and 1.7 g/m2/day in the late summer. These values were well within the range of values in the literature for sites with similar sediment characteristics: primarily silty with at least a moderate amount of organic content.
\nLittle variation in SOD was observed--the interquartile range in values was 0.4 g/m2/day in the spring and 0.7 g/m2/day in the late summer. A significant exception was apparent in Ball Bay, where SOD in the late summer was greater than 10.2 g/m2/day. In the absence of primary production, an SOD of this magnitude could deplete the water column of oxygen in a few days. This measurement provided evidence that localized areas of very high SOD occur episodically in the bays, perhaps associated with large algal mats being trapped by the lake circulation patterns.
\nA statistical test for a spring to late summer difference in the median values of SOD confirmed that SOD in the late summer (median value 1.7 g/m2/day) was significantly higher than in the spring (median value 1.2 g/m2/day). The difference was primarily due to seasonal changes in temperature, however; when SOD values were corrected to 20o C, there was no seasonal difference in the median values.
\nThere was no correlation between SOD20 and the sediment characteristics measured in this study: percent fines, organic carbon, and residue lost on ignition.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014080","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Wood, T.M., 2001, Sediment oxygen demand in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 1999:\nU.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4080, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2882,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4080/wri01-4080.pdf","text":"Report","size":"420 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"},{"id":160292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4080/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
This report describes a model for simulating transient, Variably Saturated, coupled water-heatsolute Transport in heterogeneous, anisotropic, 2-Dimensional, ground-water systems with variable fluid density (VST2D). VST2D was developed to help understand the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on quantity and quality of variably saturated ground-water systems. The model solves simultaneously for one or more dependent variables (pressure, temperature, and concentration) at nodes in a horizontal or vertical mesh using a quasi-linearized general minimum residual method. This approach enhances computational speed beyond the speed of a sequential approach. Heterogeneous and anisotropic conditions are implemented locally using individual element property descriptions. This implementation allows local principal directions to differ among elements and from the global solution domain coordinates. Boundary conditions can include time-varying pressure head (or moisture content), heat, and/or concentration; fluxes distributed along domain boundaries and/or at internal node points; and/or convective moisture, heat, and solute fluxes along the domain boundaries; and/or unit hydraulic gradient along domain boundaries. Other model features include temperature and concentration dependent density (liquid and vapor) and viscosity, sorption and/or decay of a solute, and capability to determine moisture content beyond residual to zero. These features are described in the documentation together with development of the governing equations, application of the finite-element formulation (using the Galerkin approach), solution procedure, mass and energy balance considerations, input requirements, and output options.
The VST2D model was verified, and results included solutions for problems of water transport under isohaline and isothermal conditions, heat transport under isobaric and isohaline conditions, solute transport under isobaric and isothermal conditions, and coupled water-heat-solute transport. The first three problems considered in model verification were compared to either analytical or numerical solutions, whereas the coupled problem was compared to measured laboratory results for which no known analytic solutions or numerical models are available. The test results indicate the model is accurate and applicable for a wide range of conditions, including when water (liquid and vapor), heat (sensible and latent), and solute are coupled in ground-water systems. The cumulative residual errors for the coupled problem tested was less than 10–8 cubic centimeter per cubic centimeter, 10-5 moles per kilogram, and 102 calories per cubic meter for liquid water content, solute concentration and heat content, respectively. This model should be useful to hydrologists, engineers, and researchers interested in studying coupled processes associated with variably saturated transport in ground-water systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004105","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., 2001, Documentation and verification of VST2D; a model for simulating transient, Variably Saturated, coupled water-heat-solute Transport in heterogeneous, anisotropic 2-Dimensional, ground-water systems with variable fluid density: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4105, xiv, 124 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004105.","productDescription":"xiv, 124 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2740,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4105/wrir00_4105.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 00–4105"}],"contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
The Two Decades of Water Law and Policy Reform conference examines the agenda for reforming and improving water law that has developed during the past two decades in the West, assesses what has (and has not) been accomplished by pursuing these reforms, and explores lessons and implications for future water law and policy. The papers and discussion provide analysis and lessons that can guide the new administration, Congress, federal agencies, state governments, and communities as they seek to find policy solutions to the challenges posed by the tremendous economic and demographic changes occurring in the West, in order to ensure the sustainability of the region’s unique environment. Specific sessions focus on reforms such as improving the scientific and technical basis for water management, water conservation and efficiency, protecting environmental values in meeting water demands, and creating new models of governance for water issues.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Two decades of water law and policy reform: A retrospective and agenda for the future ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Two Decades of Water Law and Policy Reform: A Retrospective and Agenda for the Future ","conferenceDate":"June 13-15, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Boulder, CO","language":"English","publisher":"University of Colorado Boulder","usgsCitation":"Turner, C., and Karl, H., 2001, Scientific and social landscapes: New frameworks and forums for water management and sustainability, in Two decades of water law and policy reform: A retrospective and agenda for the future , Boulder, CO, June 13-15, 2001, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/water-law-and-policy-reform/13/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42539e4b0c825128ad45f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, Christine cturner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Christine","email":"cturner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":668529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":55796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180076,"text":"70180076 - 2001 - Predation by northern pikeminnow on juvenile salmonids in The Dalles Dam tailrace: field, laboratory, and habitat modeling studies (FY2000)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T10:45:01","indexId":"70180076","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Predation by northern pikeminnow on juvenile salmonids in The Dalles Dam tailrace: field, laboratory, and habitat modeling studies (FY2000)","docAbstract":"Predation by resident fish is known to be a substantial cause of juvenile salmonid mortality, especially in dam tailraces and outfall locations. Conditions in The Dalles Dam tailrace are unique compared to other projects on the Columbia or Snake rivers, having a complex basin with a series of downriver islands where predators are known to reside. In May-June of 1999, northern pikeminnow and smallmouth bass were sampled in the tailrace of The Dalles Dam during periods immediately following the release of PIT-tagged juvenile salmonids for survival studies. Over twice as many smallmouth bass (N = 101) were collected as northern pikeminnow (N = 40), but none of the predators had PIT tags within their gut. A laboratory study was conducted to estimate the time required for PIT tags in juvenile salmonids to be evacuated from the gut of northern pikeminnow after consuming a tagged preyfish. Evacuation rate was sensitive to temperature, with median evacuation time being 21 h at 18 oC and 30 h at 14 oC. These results suggest that field studies to estimate predator population sizes, feeding rates, or predation on specific release groups would require considerably more effort than we allocated during 1999.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J.H., Barfoot, C.A., and Sheer, M.B., 2001, Predation by northern pikeminnow on juvenile salmonids in The Dalles Dam tailrace: field, laboratory, and habitat modeling studies (FY2000), 64 p. .","productDescription":"64 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"The Dalles Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.09680175781249,\n 45.64908838613599\n ],\n [\n -121.14177703857422,\n 45.61860008030201\n ],\n [\n -121.1692428588867,\n 45.61115553441937\n ],\n [\n -121.18709564208986,\n 45.61547829428425\n ],\n [\n -121.18537902832031,\n 45.598665689820635\n ],\n [\n -121.14315032958984,\n 45.60154820846371\n ],\n [\n -121.09851837158203,\n 45.62628373622459\n ],\n [\n -121.0810089111328,\n 45.64020767854683\n ],\n [\n -121.058349609375,\n 45.6445281986279\n ],\n [\n -121.08409881591797,\n 45.656767862805964\n ],\n [\n -121.09680175781249,\n 45.64908838613599\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588876dbe4b05ccb964baadb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, James H. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":23231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barfoot, Craig A.","contributorId":178641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barfoot","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheer, Mindi B.","contributorId":178642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheer","given":"Mindi","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30696,"text":"fs15700 - 2001 - Developing landscape-indicator models for pesticides and nutrients in streams of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"fs15700","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"157-00","title":"Developing landscape-indicator models for pesticides and nutrients in streams of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Collaborative research between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Landscape Ecology Branch, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began in 1999 to relate land use, geology, and other geographic variables to water quality and aquatic ecology in small streams of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Results of the study will include landscape-indicator models (see inset) for stream ecological condition and for concentrations of pesticides and nutrients in ground water discharging to small streams. A base network of 174 small (typically first-order) streams was designed across a gradient of hydrogeologic and land-use settings. Additional sites were selected to represent natural watershed conditions and to relate results from the base network to downstream conditions and seasonal hydrologic variability. Benthic-community and habitat assessments were conducted at each stream; water samples from all streams were analyzed for selected pesticides, pesticide metabolites, nutrients, and major ions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs15700","usgsCitation":"Ator, S., Denver, J.M., and Pitchford, A., 2001, Developing landscape-indicator models for pesticides and nutrients in streams of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 157-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15700.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3071,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/fs-157-00/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0157/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59453,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6673cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, S.W. 0000-0002-9186-4837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":104100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitchford, A.M.","contributorId":75593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitchford","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38267,"text":"pp1611 - 2001 - Simulated effects of 1994 salt-mine collapse on ground-water flow and land subsidence in a glacial aquifer system, Livingston County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T20:13:28.054026","indexId":"pp1611","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1611","title":"Simulated effects of 1994 salt-mine collapse on ground-water flow and land subsidence in a glacial aquifer system, Livingston County, New York","docAbstract":"This report describes the hydrogeology of the Genesee Valley and the effects of the ceiling collapse of the Retsof salt mine on the aquifer system. It discusses the origin and character of glacial sediments; the occurrence, flow directions, and chemical quality of water in the aquifer system before the collapse; the effects of the collapse on the aquifer system in terms of land subsidence, water-level declines, changes in water quality, and exsolution of natural gas, and design and calibration of the ground-water-flow model. It also presents results of flow-model simulations, including an estimated ground-water budget and graphs showing the simulated water-level recovery; and results of subsidence simulations, including maps and graphs showing the extent of land subsidence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1611","isbn":"0607950331","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Miller, T.S., and Kappel, W.M., 2001, Simulated effects of 1994 salt-mine collapse on ground-water flow and land subsidence in a glacial aquifer system, Livingston County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1611, viii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1611.","productDescription":"viii, 85 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424387,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Todd S. tsmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"tsmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30721,"text":"fs03101 - 2001 - The tides and inflows in the mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) interdisciplinary project of the South Florida Ecosystem Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T14:59:23.539565","indexId":"fs03101","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"031-01","displayTitle":"The tides and Inflows in the Mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) Interdisciplinary Project of the South Florida Ecosystem Program","title":"The tides and inflows in the mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) interdisciplinary project of the South Florida Ecosystem Program","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a prominent role in the Federal Government's comprehensive restoration plan for the south Florida ecosystem encompassing the Everglades-the largest remaining subtropical wilderness in the continental United States. USGS scientists, in collaboration with researchers from the National Park Service (NPS), other governmental agencies, and academia, are providing scientific information to land and resource managers for planning, executing, and evaluating restoration actions. One major thrust of the restoration effort is to restore the natural functioning of the ecosystem to predrainage conditions, an objective that requires knowledge of the hydrologic and hydraulic factors that affect the flow of water. A vast network of interlaced canals, rimmed with levees and fitted with hydraulic control structures, and highways, built on elevated embankments lined by borrow ditches and undercut by culverts, now act to control and direct the flow of water through the shallow low-gradient wetlands. As water flows south from Lake Okeechobee past the city of Miami and through Everglades National Park (ENP), it is diminished by canal diversions, augmented by seasonably variable precipitation, and depleted through evapotranspiration. Along its path, the shallow flowing water, referred to as sheet flow, interacts with surficial aquifers and is subject to the resistance effects of variably dense vegetation and forcing effects of winds. New scientific investigations are providing additional insight into the hydrologic and hydraulic processes governing the flow, and recent data-collection efforts are supplying more comprehensive data describing the flow behavior, both of which are benefiting development of improved numerical models to evaluate and restore the natural functioning of the ecosystem.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs03101","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R., 2001, The tides and inflows in the mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) interdisciplinary project of the South Florida Ecosystem Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 031-01, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03101.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_031_01.jpg"},{"id":388842,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-031-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":362286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-031-01/pdf/fs-031-01.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2001-031"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 26.504988828743404\n ],\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 26.504988828743404\n ],\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Borehole and surface geophysics were used to investigate ground-water quality affected by a road-deicing salt-storage facility located near a public water-supply well field. From 1994 through 1998, borehole geophysical logs were made in an existing network of monitoring wells completed near the bottom of a thick sand aquifer. Logs of natural gamma activity indicated a uniform and negligible contribution of clay to the electromagnetic conductivity of the aquifer so that the logs of electromagnetic conductivity primarily measured the amount of dissolved solids in the ground water near the wells. Electromagnetic-conductivity data indicated the presence of a saltwater plume near the bottom of the aquifer. Increases in electromagnetic conductivity, observed from sequential logging of wells, indicated the saltwater plume had moved north about 60 to 100 feet per year between 1994 and 1998. These rates were consistent with estimates of horizontal ground-water flow based on velocity calculations made with hydrologic data from the study area.
Ratios of chloride to bromide concentrations in water samples were used to distinguish sources of chloride in the ground water?whether from road-deicing salt, domestic wastewater, or natural occurrences. Water samples identified with the chloride/bromide ratios as being affected by road-deicing salt had concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sodium many times the background levels for the study area. The largest concentrations were in water from wells near the salt-storage facility?12,400 to 12,800 milligrams per liter (mg/L) dissolved solids, 6,730 to 7,230 mg/L chloride, and 3,690 to 4,400 mg/L sodium.
A conceptual, multi-layer model was developed to describe the vertical extent of the saltwater plume in the vicinity of the monitoring wells. A relation was derived between average borehole electromagnetic conductivity in the screened interval of the wells in the saltwater plume and concentrations of dissolved solids in water samples from those wells. This relation was used in the model to show borehole electromagnetic conductivity in transects of wells as a zone of saline water overlain by zones of brackish water and freshwater. The thickness and altitude of the zones of saline and brackish water decreased with increased distance from the salt-storage facility.
Two surface surveys of terrain electromagnetic conductivity were used to map the horizontal extent of the saltwater plume in areas without monitoring wells. Background values of terrain conductivity were measured in an area where water-quality and borehole geophysical data did not indicate saline or brackish water. Based on a guideline from previous case studies, the boundaries of the saltwater plume were mapped where terrain conductivity was 1.5 times background. The extent of the saltwater plume, based on terrain conductivity, generally was consistent with the available water-quality and borehole electromagnetic-conductivity data and with directions of ground-water flow determined from water-level altitudes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri004070","usgsCitation":"Risch, M., and Robinson, B., 2001, Use of borehole and surface geophysics to investigate ground-water quality near a road-deicing salt-storage facility, Valparaiso, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000–4070, Report: vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004070.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2737,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4070/wri20004070.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.04 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4070"},{"id":160294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4070/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Porter County","city":"Valparaiso","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9369,39.9272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Indianapolis, IN 46278
One objective of the MultiResolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) consortium is to map general land-cover categories for the conterminous United States using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Land-cover mapping and classification accuracy assessment are complete for the eastern United States. The accuracy assessment was based on photo-interpreted reference data obtained from a stratified probability sample of pixels. Agreement was defined as a match between primary or alternate reference land-cover labels assigned to each sample pixel and the mode (most common class) of the map's land-cover labels within a 3×3-pixel neighborhood surrounding the sampled point. At 30-m resolution, overall accuracy was 59.7% at an Anderson Level II thematic detail, and 80.5% at Anderson Level I.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00187-0","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., Stehman, S.V., Smith, J.H., and Wickham, J.D., 2001, Thematic accuracy of MRLC land cover for the eastern United States: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 76, no. 3, p. 418-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00187-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"418","endPage":"422","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563496a6e4b0480763480061","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehman, Stephen V.","contributorId":77283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Jonathan H. jhsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":2900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wickham, James D.","contributorId":72278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70164489,"text":"70164489 - 2001 - Basinsoft, a computer program to quantify drainage basin characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T11:52:54","indexId":"70164489","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Basinsoft, a computer program to quantify drainage basin characteristics","docAbstract":"Surface water runoff is a function of many interrelated factors including climate, soils, landuse, and the physiography of the drainage basin. A practical and effective method to quantify drainage basin characteristics would allow analysis of the interrelations of these factors, leading to an improved understanding of the effects of drainage basin characteristics on surface-water runoff. Historically, the quantification of drainage basin characteristics has been a tedious and time-consuming process. Recent improvements in computer hardware and software technology have enabled the developers of a program called Basinsoft to automate this process. Basinsoft requires minimal preprocessing of data and provides an efficient, automated procedure for quantifying selected morphometric characteristics and the option to area-weight characteristics for a drainage basin. The user of Basinsoft is assumed to have a limited amount of experience in the use of ARC/INFO, a proprietary geographic information system (GIS). (The use of brand names in this chapter is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey [USGS].)
\nIn 1988, the USGS began developing a program called Basinsoft. The initial program quantified 16 selected drainage basin characteristics from three source-data layers that were manually digitized from topographic maps using the versions of ARC/INFO, Fortran programs, and prime system Command Programming Language (CPL) programs available in 1988 (Majure and Soenksen, 1991). By 1991, Basinsoft was enhanced to quantify 27 selected drainage-basin characteristics from three source-data layers automatically generated from digital elevation model (DEM) data using a set of Fortran programs (Majure and Eash, 1991: Jenson and Dominique, 1988). Due to edge-matching problems encountered in 1991 with the preprocessing
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"GIS for Water Resource and Watershed Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1201/9780203217917.ch4","usgsCitation":"Harvey, C.A., and Eash, D.A., 2001, Basinsoft, a computer program to quantify drainage basin characteristics, chap. of GIS for Water Resource and Watershed Management, p. 39-52, https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203217917.ch4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b9ca48e4b08d617f63a7f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Craig A.","contributorId":103325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}