The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled a national retrospective data set of analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water of the United States. The data are from Federal, State, and local nonpoint-source monitoring programs, collected between 1985–95. This data set is being used to augment data collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to ascertain the occurrence of VOCs in ground water nationwide. Eleven attributes of the retrospective data set were evaluated to determine the suitability of the data to augment NAWQA data in answering occurrence questions of varying complexity. These 11 attributes are the VOC analyte list and the associated reporting levels for each VOC, well type, well-casing material, type of openings in the interval (screened interval or open hole), well depth, depth to the top and bottom of the open interval(s), depth to water level in the well, aquifer type (confined or unconfined), and aquifer lithology. VOCs frequently analyzed included solvents, industrial reagents, and refrigerants, but other VOCs of current interest were not frequently analyzed.
\nAbout 70 percent of the sampled wells have the type of well documented in the data set, and about 74 percent have well depth documented. However, the data set generally lacks documentation of other characteristics, such as well-casing material, information about the screened or open interval(s), depth to water level in the well, and aquifer type and lithology. For example, only about 20 percent of the wells include information on depth to water level in the well and only about 14 percent of the wells include information about aquifer type.
\nThe three most important enhancements to VOC data collected in nonpoint-source monitoring programs for use in a national assessment of VOC occurrence in ground water would be an expanded VOC analyte list, recording the reporting level for each analyte for every analysis, and recording key ancillary information about each well. These enhancements would greatly increase the usefulness of VOC data in addressing complex occurrence questions, such as those that seek to explain the reasons for VOC occurrence and nonoccurrence in ground water of the United States.
\n1. The Sacramento San Joaquin River Delta, a complex mosaic of tidal freshwater habitats in California, is the focus of a major ecosystem rehabilitation effort because of significant long-term changes in critical ecosystem functions. One of these functions is the production, transport and transformation of organic matter that constitutes the primary food supply, which may be sub-optimal at trophic levels supporting fish recruitment. A long historical data set is used to define the most important organic matter sources, the factors underlying their variability, and the implications of ecosystem rehabilitation actions for these sources. 2. Tributary-borne loading is the largest organic carbon source on an average annual Delta-wide basis; phytoplankton production and agricultural drainage are secondary; wastewater treatment plant discharge, tidal marsh drainage and possibly aquatic macrophyte production are tertiary; and benthic microalgal production, urban run-off and other sources are negligible. 3. Allochthonous dissolved organic carbon must be converted to particulate form - with losses due to hydraulic flushing and to heterotroph growth inefficiency - before it becomes available to the metazoan food web. When these losses are accounted for, phytoplankton production plays a much larger role than is evident from a simple accounting of bulk organic carbon sources, especially in seasons critical for larval development and recruitment success. Phytoplankton-derived organic matter is also an important component of particulate loading to the Delta. 4. The Delta is a net producer of organic matter in critically dry years but, because of water diversion from the Delta, transport of organic matter from the Delta to important, downstream nursery areas in San Francisco Bay is always less than transport into the Delta from upstream sources. 5. Of proposed rehabilitation measures, increased use of floodplains probably offers the biggest increase in organic matter sources. 6. An isolated diversion facility - channelling water from the Sacramento River around the Delta to the water projects - would result in substantial loading increases during winter and autumn, but little change in spring and summer when food availability probably matters most to developing organisms. 7. Flow and fish barriers in the channel could have significant effects, especially on phytoplankton sources and in dry years, by eliminating 'short-circuits' in the transport of organic matter to diversion points. 8. Finally, productivity of intentionally flooded islands probably would exceed that of adjacent channels because of lower turbidity and shallower mean depth, although vascular plants rather than phytoplankton could dominate if depths were too shallow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/1099-0755(200009/10)10:5<323::AID-AQC417>3.0.CO;2-J","issn":"10527613","usgsCitation":"Jassby, A., and Cloern, J.E., 2000, Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA): Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 10, no. 5, p. 323-352, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0755(200009/10)10:5<323::AID-AQC417>3.0.CO;2-J.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.81591796875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -123.81591796875,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -123.81591796875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fcae4b0c8380cd75c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jassby, A.D.","contributorId":43798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008376,"text":"1008376 - 2000 - The genetics of amphibian decline: population substructure and molecular differentiation in the Yosemite toad, Bufo canorus (Anura, Bufonidae) based on single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T11:31:04","indexId":"1008376","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The genetics of amphibian decline: population substructure and molecular differentiation in the Yosemite toad, Bufo canorus (Anura, Bufonidae) based on single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data","docAbstract":"We present a comprehensive survey of genetic variation across the range of the narrowly distributed endemic Yosemite toad Bufo canorus, a declining amphibian restricted to the Sierra Nevada of California. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00835.x","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, H., Fellers, G.M., Magee, A., and Voss, S.R., 2000, The genetics of amphibian decline: population substructure and molecular differentiation in the Yosemite toad, Bufo canorus (Anura, Bufonidae) based on single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data: Molecular Ecology, v. 9, no. 3, p. 245-257, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00835.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c6aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, H. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d48f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirschberg, Douglas M. dmhirsch@usgs.gov","contributorId":4000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirschberg","given":"Douglas","email":"dmhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitts, G. Stephen","contributorId":23187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170394,"text":"70170394 - 2000 - Forecasting survival and passage of migratory juvenile salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T15:10:42","indexId":"70170394","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting survival and passage of migratory juvenile salmonids","docAbstract":"We developed methods to forecast survival and cumulative percent passage for subyearling chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at a dam to help managers effectively time the release of reservoir water to mitigate for passage delays and reduced survival. We tagged Snake River subyearling chinook salmon upstream of a dam from 1993 to 1998 and determined when a subsample of the tagged fish passed the dam. We randomly selected data (1993, 1994, 1996, and 1998) to develop a quadratic discriminant function for predicting which fish would survive to the dam and to develop a multiple-regression equation to predict the date survivors would pass the dam. We used the predicted passage dates within a year to calculate a daily cumulative percent passage forecast and then calculated a 90% forecast interval that varied by year, depending on the number of predicted survivors. We validated the forecast method using data for 1995 and 1997. The 1995 forecasted passage curve differed from the observed passage curve for 25 d of the 168-d emigration season. The 1997 forecasted and observed passage curves were similar for the entire 168-d emigration season. The 90% forecast interval was ±18.8% in 1995 and ±22.4% in 1997. We conclude that our method is a valid tool for in-season water management but acknowledge the potential for interannual variability in forecast performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0651:FSAPOM>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Connor, W.P., Steinhorst, R., and Burge, H.L., 2000, Forecasting survival and passage of migratory juvenile salmonids: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 20, no. 3, p. 651-660, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0651:FSAPOM>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"660","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756b5e4b0ef3b7caa6016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID 83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinhorst, R. Kirk","contributorId":56950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinhorst","given":"R. Kirk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burge, Howard L.","contributorId":156291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burge","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12543,"text":"U.S. FWS, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, Ahsahka, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186623,"text":"70186623 - 2000 - Microsatellites: Evolutionary and methodological background and empirical applications at individual, population, and phylogenetic levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:05:17","indexId":"70186623","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Microsatellites: Evolutionary and methodological background and empirical applications at individual, population, and phylogenetic levels","docAbstract":"The recent proliferation and greater accessibility of molecular genetic markers has led to a growing appreciation of the ecological and evolutionary inferences that can be drawn from molecular characterizations of individuals and populations (Burke et al. 1992, Avise 1994). Different techniques have the ability to target DNA sequences which have different patterns of inheritance, different modes and rates of evolution and, concomitantly, different levels of variation. In the quest for 'the right marker for the right job', microsatellites have been widely embraced as the marker of choice for many empirical genetic studies. The proliferation of microsatellite loci for various species and the voluminous literature compiled in very few years associated with their evolution and use in various research applications, exemplifies their growing importance as a research tool in the biological sciences.
The ability to define allelic states based on variation at the nucleotide level has afforded unparalleled opportunities to document the actual mutational process and rates of evolution at individual microsatellite loci. The scrutiny to which these loci have been subjected has resulted in data that raise issues pertaining to assumptions formerly stated, but largely untestable for other marker classes. Indeed this is an active arena for theoretical and empirical work. Given the extensive and ever-increasing literature on various statistical methodologies and cautionary notes regarding the uses of microsatellites, some consideration should be given to the unique characteristics of these loci when determining how and under what conditions they can be employed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular methods in ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","isbn":"978-0-632-03437-6","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., and Pearce, J.M., 2000, Microsatellites: Evolutionary and methodological background and empirical applications at individual, population, and phylogenetic levels, chap. 10 of Molecular methods in ecology, p. 235-273.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0632034378.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75403e4b09da6799c0c72","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baker, Allan J.","contributorId":36383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690079,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30555,"text":"wri014007 - 2000 - Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T18:31:55.160531","indexId":"wri014007","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4007","title":"Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water model was used to simulate the effects of the proposed State Highways 15 and 67 relocation on water-surface elevations and flow distributions for the 100-year flood on the Tchoutacabouffa River at D'Iberville, Mississippi. The Mississippi Department of Transportation plans to relocate State Highways 15 and 67 by removing a portion of the existing four-lane highway and constructing a four-lane facility upstream of the existing alignment. The proposed alignment is located on the northern floodplain and will tie into the existing highway about 1,000 feet north of the dual State Highways 15 and 67 bridges. The proposed alignment will intercept flows that cross the existing highway during large floods. Seven scenarios were simulated for the 100-year flood, including four proposed alternative configurations for drainage structures. The model grid was developed by using surveyed floodplain cross sections and channel bathymetry data obtained by using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, in combination with a global positioning system. The model was calibrated and verified by using surveyed flood profiles through the study reach and flood discharge measurements obtained at the State Highways 15 and 67 crossing. Model parameters were adjusted so that the computed water-surface profiles agreed closely with the surveyed flood profiles. Computed water-surface differentials across the proposed alignment near the northern edge of the floodplain for the four alternatives proposed by the Mississippi Department of Transportation ranged from 1.4 to 2.6 feet. Much lower differentials were computed in the vicinity of the main-channel bridge. The computed water-surface elevation at McCully Drive, upstream of the proposed alignment, was 17.3 feet for existing conditions. Computed water-surface elevations at McCully Drive for the proposed alternatives ranged from 17.3 to 17.8 feet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Winters, K.E., 2000, Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4007, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014007.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":400107,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34904.htm"},{"id":401772,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","city":"D'Iberville","otherGeospatial":"Tchoutacabouffa River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.92419815063477,\n 30.454149023624225\n ],\n [\n -88.89003753662108,\n 30.454149023624225\n ],\n [\n -88.89003753662108,\n 30.476491157902103\n ],\n [\n -88.92419815063477,\n 30.476491157902103\n ],\n [\n -88.92419815063477,\n 30.454149023624225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, Karl E. kwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Karl","email":"kwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022060,"text":"70022060 - 2000 - Seismic anisotropy of the shallow crust at the Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T18:28:05.770121","indexId":"70022060","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic anisotropy of the shallow crust at the Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"Microearthquake data recorded on four ocean bottom seismometers are used to study shear-wave splitting on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The covariance matrix decomposition method is used to determine the sensor orientation from explosive shot data and to estimate the anisotropy parameters for 238 earthquake records. At three of the four sites, the results show a remarkably consistent fast direction parallel to the ridge axis. The time delays between the fast and the slow waves range from 40 to 200 ms, with an average of 90 ms. They are not clearly related to earthquake range, focal depth or source-receiver azimuth. The splitting of the shear waves is interpreted as an effect of structural anisotropy due to the presence of ridge-parallel cracks in the shallow crust. If we assume that anisotropy is concentrated in the upper 1-2 km, the splitting times require a high crack density of ~0.1.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011535","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., Barclay, A., Wilcock, W., and Purdy, G., 2000, Seismic anisotropy of the shallow crust at the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 19, p. 3109-3112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011535.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3109","endPage":"3112","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/96142","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Juan de Fuca Ridge, Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132.5830078125,\n 52.50953477032727\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 52.05249047600099\n ],\n [\n -133.06640625,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -132.4951171875,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -125.2880859375,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -132.5830078125,\n 52.50953477032727\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8af4e4b08c986b3174bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barclay, A.H.","contributorId":45481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barclay","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcock, W.S.D.","contributorId":88523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcock","given":"W.S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Purdy, G.M.","contributorId":95226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purdy","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022062,"text":"70022062 - 2000 - An updated Holocene sea-level curve for the Delaware coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022062","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An updated Holocene sea-level curve for the Delaware coast","docAbstract":"We present an updated Holocene sea-level curve for the Delaware coast based on new calibrations of 16 previously published radiocarbon dates (Kraft, 1976; Belknap and Kraft, 1977) and 22 new radiocarbon dates of basal peat deposits. A review of published and unpublished 137Cs and 210Pb analyses, and tide gauge data provide the basis for evaluating shorter-term (102 yr) sea-level trends. Paleosea-level elevations for the new basal peat samples were determined from the present vertical zonation of marsh plants relative to mean high water along the Delaware coast and the composition of plant fossils and foraminifera. Current trends in tidal range along the Delaware coast were used to reduce elevations from different locations to a common vertical datum of mean high water at Breakwater Harbor, Delaware. The updated curve is similar to Belknap and Kraft's [J. Sediment. Petrol., 47 (1977) 610-629] original sea-level curve from 12,000 to about 2000 yr BP. The updated curve documents a rate of sea-level rise of 0.9 mm/yr from 1250 yr BP to present (based on 11 dates), in good agreement with other recent sea-level curves from the northern and central U.S. Atlantic coast, while the previous curve documents rates of about 1.3 mm/yr (based on 4 dates). The precision of both estimates, however, is very low, so the significance of these differences is uncertain. A review of 210Pb and 137Cs analyses from salt marshes of Delaware indicates average marsh accretion rates of 3 mm/yr for the last 100 yr, in good agreement with shorter-term estimates of sea-level rise from tide gauge records. ?? 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00104-3","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Nikitina, D., Pizzuto, J., Schwimmer, R., and Ramsey, K., 2000, An updated Holocene sea-level curve for the Delaware coast: Marine Geology, v. 171, no. 1-4, p. 7-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00104-3.","startPage":"7","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206798,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00104-3"},{"id":230814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eab4e4b0c8380cd48a17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nikitina, D.L.","contributorId":93234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nikitina","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pizzuto, J.E.","contributorId":10572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pizzuto","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwimmer, R.A.","contributorId":9799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwimmer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsey, K.W.","contributorId":78500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022063,"text":"70022063 - 2000 - Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022063","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output","docAbstract":"Daily rainfall and surface temperature series were simulated for the Animas River basin, Colorado using dynamically and statistically downscaled output from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) re-analysis. A distributed hydrological model was then applied to the downscaled data. Relative to raw NCEP output, downscaled climate variables provided more realistic stimulations of basin scale hydrology. However, the results highlight the sensitivity of modeled processes to the choice of downscaling technique, and point to the need for caution when interpreting future hydrological scenarios.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999GL006078","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wilby, R., Hay, L., Gutowski, W., Arritt, R., Takle, E., Pan, Z., Leavesley, G., and Clark, M., 2000, Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1199-1202, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006078.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1202","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489175,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1129&context=ge_at_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206812,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006078"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36b0e4b0c8380cd6090b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilby, R.L.","contributorId":96043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilby","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J. Jr.","contributorId":48344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arritt, R.W.","contributorId":39544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arritt","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takle, E.S.","contributorId":7033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takle","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pan, Z.","contributorId":13006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1016032,"text":"1016032 - 2000 - Monitoring air quality in mountains: Designing an effective network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T17:21:56.131843","indexId":"1016032","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring air quality in mountains: Designing an effective network","docAbstract":"A quantitatively robust yet parsimonious air-quality monitoring network in mountainous regions requires special attention to relevant spatial and temporal scales of measurement and inference. The design of monitoring networks should focus on the objectives required by public agencies, namely: 1) determine if some threshold has been exceeded (e.g., for regulatory purposes), and 2) identify spatial patterns and temporal trends (e.g., to protect natural resources). A short-term, multi-scale assessment to quantify spatial variability in air quality is a valuable asset in designing a network, in conjunction with an evaluation of existing data and simulation-model output. A recent assessment in Washington state (USA) quantified spatial variability in tropospheric ozone distribution ranging from a single watershed to the western third of the state. Spatial and temporal coherence in ozone exposure modified by predictable elevational relationships (∼ 1.3 ppbv ozone per 100 m elevation gain) extends from urban areas to the crest of the Cascade Range. This suggests that a sparse network of permanent analyzers is sufficient at all spatial scales, with the option of periodic intensive measurements to validate network design. It is imperative that agencies cooperate in the design of monitoring networks in mountainous regions to optimize data collection and financial efficiencies.
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\"}}]}","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6275a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015967,"text":"1015967 - 2000 - Field evaluation of lead effects on Canada geese and mallards in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T12:33:10","indexId":"1015967","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field evaluation of lead effects on Canada geese and mallards in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"Hatch year (HY) mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in the Coeur d'Alene (CDA) River Basin had higher concentrations of lead in their blood than HY Western Canada geese (Branta canadensis moffitti) (geometric means 0.98 versus 0.28 μg/g, wet weight). The pattern for adults of both species was similar, although geometric means (1.77 versus 0.41 μg/g) were higher than in HY birds. HY mallards captured in the CDA River Basin in 1987 contained significantly lower lead concentrations in their blood than in 1994–95 (0.36 versus 0.98 μg/g); however, some very young mallards were sampled in 1987, and concentrations in adults were not significantly different in 1987, 1994, or 1995 (1.52, 2.07, 1.55 μg/g, respectively). Both species in the CDA River Basin in 1994–95 showed significantly reduced red blood cell delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity compared to the reference areas: Canada geese (HY −65.4 to −86.0%, adults −82.3%), and mallards (HY −90.7 to −95.5%, adults −94.1%). Canada goose goslings were divided into size classes, and the two smaller classes from the CDA River Basin had significantly elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (protoporphyrin) levels compared to the reference area (15.2× and 6.9×). HY and adult mallards both had significantly elevated protoporphyrin (5.9× and 7.5×). Recognizing that interspecific differences exist in response and sensitivity to lead, it appears (at least for hemoglobin and hematocrit) that Canada geese were more sensitive to lead than mallards, i.e., adverse hematologic effects occur at lower blood lead concentrations. Only Canada geese from the CDA River Basin, in spite of lower blood lead concentrations, had significantly reduced mean hemoglobin and hematocrit values. No euthanized Canada geese (all HYs) from CDA River Basin were classified as clinically lead poisoned, but 38 Canada geese found dead in the CDA River Basin during a concurrent study succumbed to lead poisoning between 1992 and 1997. Only 6 (15.8%) of these 38 contained ingested lead shot, which contrasts greatly with the 75–94% incidence of ingested lead shot when mortality was due to lead shot ingestion. Lead from other contaminated sources (i.e., sediments and vegetation) in the CDA River Basin was strongly implicated in most Canada goose deaths. Based on the 31 live mallards and Canada geese collected in the CDA River Basin, which were representative of the live populations blood sampled only, the prevalence of subclinical and clinical lead poisoning (as determined by liver lead concentrations, excluding birds with ingested lead shot) was higher in mallards: subclinical (4 of 8, 50% HYs and 6 of 11, 55% adults); clinical (0% HYs and 4 of 11, 36% adults), with less data available for Canada geese (only 1 of 9, 11% HYs marginally subclinical). The clinically lead-poisoned mallards had extremely high concentrations of lead in blood (2.69–8.82 μg/g) and liver (6.39–17.89 μg/g). Eight mallards found dead in the CDA River Basin during a concurrent study were diagnosed as lead poisoned, and only one (12.5%) contained ingested lead shot, which again strongly implicates other lead sources. The finding of dead lead poisoned Canada geese together with the high percentage of live mallards classified as subclinically or clinically lead poisoned, in combination with the low incidence of ingested lead shot causes us concern for both of these species, which live in association with lead-contaminated sediment in the CDA River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010085","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Blus, L.J., Hoffman, D.J., Sileo, L., Audet, D.J., and Snyder, M.R., 2000, Field evaluation of lead effects on Canada geese and mallards in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 97-112, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010085.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Cour d'Alene River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.11700439453125,\n 47.84450101574877\n ],\n [\n -117.1307373046875,\n 46.837649560937464\n ],\n [\n -116.510009765625,\n 46.568302354495195\n ],\n [\n -115.94696044921875,\n 46.470024689385305\n ],\n [\n -114.949951171875,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -114.89501953124999,\n 46.78501604269254\n ],\n [\n -115.37841796874999,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -115.4498291015625,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -115.77392578125,\n 47.787325537803106\n ],\n [\n -115.99914550781249,\n 47.89424772020999\n ],\n [\n -116.3067626953125,\n 47.99359789867388\n ],\n [\n -116.6912841796875,\n 47.98256841921402\n ],\n [\n -117.11700439453125,\n 47.84450101574877\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8c6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Audet, Daniel J.","contributorId":106851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Audet","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snyder, Mark R.","contributorId":36526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033610,"text":"70033610 - 2000 - Non-destructive measurement of soil liquefaction density change by crosshole radar tomography, Treasure Island, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:51:14","indexId":"70033610","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Non-destructive measurement of soil liquefaction density change by crosshole radar tomography, Treasure Island, California","docAbstract":"A ground penetrating radar (GPR) experiment at the Treasure Island Test Site [TILT] was performed to non-destructively image the soil column for changes in density prior to, and following, a liquefaction event. The intervening liquefaction was achieved by controlled blasting. A geotechnical borehole radar technique was used to acquire high-resolution 2-D radar velocity data. This method of non-destructive site characterization uses radar trans-illumination surveys through the soil column and tomographic data manipulation techniques to construct radar velocity tomograms, from which averaged void ratios can be derived at 0.25 - 0.5m pixel footprints. Tomograms of void ratio were constructed through the relation between soil porosity and dielectric constant. Both pre- and post-blast tomograms were collected and indicate that liquefaction related densification occurred at the site. Volumetric strains estimated from the tomograms correlate well with the observed settlement at the site. The 2-D imagery of void ratio can serve as high-resolution data layers for numerical site response analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Sessions of Geo-Denver 2000 - Computer Simulation of Earthquake Effects, GSP 110","conferenceTitle":"Sessions of Geo-Denver 2000 - Computer Simulation of Earthquake Effects, GSP 110","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40523(298)3","isbn":"9780784405239","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Barnhardt, W., Ashford, S., and Rollins, K., 2000, Non-destructive measurement of soil liquefaction density change by crosshole radar tomography, Treasure Island, California, v. 298, https://doi.org/10.1061/40523(298)3.","startPage":"52","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40523(298)3"},{"id":242056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"298","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a673be4b0c8380cd7322a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. rkayen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert E.","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":441658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter A.","contributorId":80656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashford, Scott","contributorId":51401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashford","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rollins, Kyle","contributorId":53614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022679,"text":"70022679 - 2000 - Geochemical and mineralogical evidence from eolian sediments for northwesterly mid-Holocene paleowinds, central Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:25:00","indexId":"70022679","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and mineralogical evidence from eolian sediments for northwesterly mid-Holocene paleowinds, central Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"A prominent (4500 km2) dune field in the Great Plains is the Great Bend Sand Prairie of south-central Kansas. Dunes here overlie late Quaternary alluvium and were reactivated extensively in the late Holocene. Geomorphic and soil evidence suggests that the most likely eolian sand source is the Arkansas River valley to the northwest. Nevertheless, orientations of stabilized dunes indicate that the most recent dune-forming winds came from the south or southwest, in agreement with modern wind data. Mineralogy and trace element concentrations in eolian sands of the Great Bend Sand Prairie are similar to those to the Arkansas River, which permits the Arkansas River as a sediment source. Ca and Sr abundances, which reflect small amounts of carbonate minerals, are higher in Arkansas River sand compared to eolian sands and show a systematic depletion away from the Arkansas River to the southeast. These trends are likely due to carbonate mineral depletion downwind from abrasion and size reduction. Thus, paleowinds probably were northwesterly during initial deposition. Northwesterly winds occur today when dry, Pacific-derived air is dominant. We hypothesize that the residence time of this air mass was much greater while dunes initially formed, possibly during a warmer and drier mid-Holocene period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00012-4","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Arbogast, A., and Muhs, D., 2000, Geochemical and mineralogical evidence from eolian sediments for northwesterly mid-Holocene paleowinds, central Kansas, USA: Quaternary International, v. 67, no. 1, p. 107-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00012-4.","startPage":"107","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00012-4"},{"id":233926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15e0e4b0c8380cd54f8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arbogast, A.F.","contributorId":38313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arbogast","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015946,"text":"1015946 - 2000 - Spatial distribution of tropospheric ozone in western Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:51","indexId":"1015946","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial distribution of tropospheric ozone in western Washington, USA","docAbstract":"We quantified the distribution of tropospheric ozone in topographically complex western Washington state, USA (total area a??6000 km2), using passive ozone samplers along nine river drainages to measure ozone exposure from near sea level to high-elevation mountain sites. Weekly average ozone concentrations were higher with increasing distance from the urban core and at higher elevations, increasing a mean of 1.3 ppbv per 100 m elevation gain for all mountain transects. Weekly average ozone concentrations were generally highest in Cascade Mountains drainages east and southeast of Seattle (maximum=55a??67 pbv) and in the Columbia River Gorge east of Portland (maximum=59 ppbv), and lowest in the western Olympic Peninsula (maximum=34 ppbv). Higher ozone concentrations in the Cascade Mountains and Columbia River locations downwind of large cities indicate that significant quantities of ozone and ozone precursors are being transported eastward toward rural wildland areas by prevailing westerly winds. In addition, temporal (week to week) variation in ozone distribution is synchronous within and between all drainages sampled, which indicates that there is regional coherence in air pollution detectable with weekly averages. These data provide insight on large-scale spatial variation of ozone distribution in western Washington, and will help regulatory agencies optimize future monitoring networks and identify locations where human health and natural resources could be at risk.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cooper, S., and Peterson, D.L., 2000, Spatial distribution of tropospheric ozone in western Washington, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 107, no. 3, p. 339-347.","productDescription":"p. 339-347","startPage":"339","endPage":"347","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e763c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, S.M.","contributorId":11576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022837,"text":"70022837 - 2000 - Biogeochemical effects of global change on U.S. National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T17:08:20.817408","indexId":"70022837","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical effects of global change on U.S. National Parks","docAbstract":"Federal parks and other public lands have unique mandates and rules regulating their use and conservation. Because of variation in their response to local, regional, and global-scale disturbance, development of mitigation strategies requires substantial research in the context of long-term inventory and monitoring. In 1982, the National Park Service began long-term, watershed-level studies in a series of national parks. The objective was to provide a more comprehensive database against which the effects of global change and other issues could be quantified. A subset of five sites in North Carolina, Texas, Washington, Michigan, and Alaska, is examined here. During the last 50 years, temperatures have declined at the southern sites and increased at the northern sites with the greatest increase in Alaska. Only the most southern site has shown an increase in precipitation amount. The net effect of these trends, especially for the most northern and southern sites, would likely be an increase in the growing season and especially the time soil processes could continue without moisture or temperature limitations. During the last 18 years, there were few trends in atmospheric ion inputs. The most evident was the decline in SO42 deposition. There were no significant relationships between ion input and stream water output. This finding suggests other factors as modification of precipitation or canopy throughfall by soil processes, hydrologic flow path, and snowmelt rates are major processes regulating stream water chemical outputs.
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eastern wild turkey hens","docAbstract":"Capture-related mortality has been a notable risk in the handling of eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris). Our objective was to evaluate how environmental factors influence risk and identify physiological correlates that could be used to identify susceptible birds. During winter (January–March) 1995–97, 130 eastern wild turkey hens were captured in southeastern Oklahoma and radiocollared. Of those, 20 hens died ≤14 days of capture. Serum creatine kinase activity (CK; P < 0.01), body temperature (P < 0.01), processing time (P = 0.02), and ambient temperature (P < 0.01) showed a positive relationship with mortality that occurred within 14 days of capture. Plasma corticosterone concentration (P = 0.08) and relative humidity (P < 0.01) showed a negative relationship with mortalities that occurred within 14 days post-capture. Stepwise logistic regression selected CK activity, relative humidity, and ambient temperature as the best predictors of mortality within 14 days post-capture. Our data suggest that susceptible individuals may be identified from CK activity and that capture-related mortality may be minimized by establishing guidelines of when to curtail capture operations based on various weather conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.308","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, D., Lochmiller, R., Stewart, M., Masters, R., and Leslie, D., 2000, Risk factors associated with capture-related death in eastern wild turkey hens: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 2, p. 308-315, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.308.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"315","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.308","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahhoma","county":"Pushmataha County","otherGeospatial":"Pushmataha Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.38003921508788,\n 34.587008201641936\n ],\n [\n -95.34579277038574,\n 34.587008201641936\n ],\n [\n -95.34579277038574,\n 34.60467167644892\n ],\n [\n -95.38003921508788,\n 34.60467167644892\n ],\n [\n -95.38003921508788,\n 34.587008201641936\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad95e4b0c8380cd86f1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, D.S.","contributorId":48356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lochmiller, R.L.","contributorId":68061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lochmiller","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, M.D.","contributorId":30612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masters, R.E.","contributorId":49146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022841,"text":"70022841 - 2000 - Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to gas chromatography (GC) - measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in selected US fish extracts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T15:36:51","indexId":"70022841","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to gas chromatography (GC) - measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in selected US fish extracts","docAbstract":"The analysis of PCBs in fish tissues by immunoassay methods was evaluated using fish collected from a US monitoring program, the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program of the US Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Selected composite whole fish samples, which represented widely varying concentrations and sources of PCBs, were extracted and subjected to congener PCB analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and total PCB analysis using an ELISA (ePCBs) calibrated against technical Aroclor 1248. PCB congener patterns in these fishes were different from the patterns found in commercial Aroclors or their combinations as demonstrated by principal component analysis of normalized GC congener data. The sum of the PCB congeners measured by GC (total-PCBs) ranged from 37 to 4600 ng/g (wet weight). Concentrations of PCBs as determined by the ELISA method were positively correlated with total-PCBs and the ePCBs/total-PCBs ratios for individual samples ranged from 1 to 6. Ratios of ePCBs/total-PCBs for dilutions of Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 and for matrix spikes range from 0.6 for 1242 to 2.5 for 1254 and 1260. These results suggest that higher chlorinated PCB congeners have higher affinity for the anti-PCB antibodies. Partial least squares with latent variable analysis of GC and ELISA data of selected Aroclors and fish samples also support the conclusion that ELISA derived PCB concentrations are dependent on the degree on chlorination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00310-0","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Zajicek, J., Tillitt, D.E., Schwartz, T., Schmitt, C., and Harrison, R., 2000, Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to gas chromatography (GC) - measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in selected US fish extracts: Chemosphere, v. 40, no. 5, p. 539-548, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00310-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"548","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208116,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00310-0"}],"volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f84ee4b0c8380cd4cfef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zajicek, J.L.","contributorId":87086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, T.R.","contributorId":97451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harrison, R.O.","contributorId":76101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1001856,"text":"1001856 - 2000 - Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:01:26","indexId":"1001856","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"We examined the relationship between local water conditions (measured as the percent of total area of basins that was covered by water) and clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Gadwalls (A. strepera) on four study sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1988-1994. We also examined the relationship between pond density and clutch size of Mallards and Gadwalls, using data collected at another North Dakota site, 1966-1981. For Mallards, we found no relationships to be significant. For Gadwalls, clutch size increased with percent basin area wet and pond density; hatchling mass marginally increased with percent basin area wet. These species differences may reflect, in part, that Mallards acquire lipid reserves used to produce early clutches before they reach the breeding grounds, whereas Gadwalls acquire lipid reserves locally; thus Gadwall clutches are more likely to be influenced by local food resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:EOWCOC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Krapu, G.L., Buhl, D.A., and Brandt, D.A., 2000, Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region: Condor, v. 102, p. 936-940, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:EOWCOC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"936","endPage":"940","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:eowcoc]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ff7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, Deborah A. 0000-0002-8563-5990 dbuhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":3182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Deborah","email":"dbuhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, David A. dbrandt@usgs.gov","contributorId":147142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"David","email":"dbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022771,"text":"70022771 - 2000 - A comparison of delta change and downscaled GCM scenarios for three mountainous basins in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T16:26:35.337864","indexId":"70022771","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of delta change and downscaled GCM scenarios for three mountainous basins in the United States","docAbstract":"Simulated daily precipitation, temperature, and runoff time series were compared in three mountainous basins in the United States: (1) the Animas River basin in Colorado, (2) the East Fork of the Carson River basin in Nevada and California, and (3) the Cle Elum River basin in Washington State. Two methods of climate scenario generation were compared: delta change and statistical downscaling. The delta change method uses differences between simulated current and future climate conditions from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (HadCM2) General Circulation Model (GCM) added to observed time series of climate variables. A statistical downscaling (SDS) model was developed for each basin using station data and output from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis regridded to the scale of HadCM2. The SDS model was then used to simulate local climate variables using HadCM2 output for current and future conditions. Surface climate variables from each scenario were used in a precipitation-runoff model. Results from this study show that, in the basins tested, a precipitation-runoff model can simulate realistic runoff series for current conditions using statistically downscaled NCEP output. But, use of downscaled HadCM2 output for current or future climate assessments are questionable because the GCM does not produce accurate estimates of the surface variables needed for runoff in these regions. Given the uncertainties in the GCMs ability to simulate current conditions based on either the delta change or downscaling approaches, future climate assessments based on either of these approaches must be treated with caution.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04276.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., Wilby, R., and Leavesley, G., 2000, A comparison of delta change and downscaled GCM scenarios for three mountainous basins in the United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 387-397, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04276.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"397","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Nevada, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Animas River, Carson River, Cle Elum River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.874755859375,\n 37.21064411993447\n ],\n [\n -107.85690307617188,\n 37.200253129999126\n ],\n [\n -107.83355712890625,\n 37.210097261395795\n ],\n [\n -107.85415649414062,\n 37.2456348218214\n ],\n [\n -107.84591674804688,\n 37.290442925478196\n ],\n [\n -107.80677795410156,\n 37.40725549559874\n ],\n [\n -107.84934997558594,\n 37.40998258803303\n ],\n [\n -107.90290832519531,\n 37.27241360211579\n ],\n [\n -107.874755859375,\n 37.21064411993447\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.78619384765624,\n 47.455951443369926\n ],\n [\n -121.05560302734376,\n 47.16170753357782\n ],\n [\n -120.99517822265625,\n 47.2549998709802\n ],\n [\n -121.124267578125,\n 47.3704545156932\n ],\n [\n -121.25885009765625,\n 47.42622912485741\n ],\n [\n -121.74224853515625,\n 47.48565697095909\n ],\n [\n -121.78619384765624,\n 47.455951443369926\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.35797119140625,\n 38.477244528955595\n ],\n [\n -119.62738037109375,\n 38.477244528955595\n ],\n [\n -119.62738037109375,\n 39.35553794109382\n ],\n [\n -120.35797119140625,\n 39.35553794109382\n ],\n [\n -120.35797119140625,\n 38.477244528955595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e359e4b0c8380cd45faf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilby, R.L.","contributorId":96043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilby","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022759,"text":"70022759 - 2000 - Energy budgets of mining-induced earthquakes and their interactions with nearby stopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70022759","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Energy budgets of mining-induced earthquakes and their interactions with nearby stopes","docAbstract":"In the early 1960's, N.G.W. Cook, using an underground network of geophones, demonstrated that most Witwatersrand tremors are closely associated with deep level gold mining operations. He also showed that the energy released by the closure of the tabular stopes at depths of the order of 2 km was more than sufficient to account for the mining-induced earthquakes. I report here updated versions of these two results based on more modern underground data acquired in the Witwatersrand gold fields. Firstly, an extensive suite of in situ stress data indicate that the ambient state of crustal stress here is close to the failure state in the absence of mining even though the tectonic setting is thoroughly stable. Mining initially stabilizes the rock mass by reducing the pore fluid pressure from its initial hydrostatic state to nearly zero. The extensive mine excavations, as Cook showed, concentrate the deviatoric stresses, in localized regions of the abutments, back into a failure state resulting in seismicity. Secondly, there appears to be two distinct types of mining-induced earthquakes: the first is strongly coupled to the mining and involves shear failure plus a coseismic volume reduction; the second type is not evidently coupled to any particular mine face, shows purely deviatoric failure, and is presumably caused by more regional changes in the state of stress due to mining. Thirdly, energy budgets for mining induced earthquakes of both types indicate that, of the available released energy, only a few per cent is radiated by the seismic waves with the majority being consumed in overcoming fault friction. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.In the early 1960's, N.G.W. Cook, using an underground network of geophones, demonstrated that most Witwatersrand tremors are closely associated with deep level gold mining operations. He also showed that the energy released by the closure of the tabular stopes at depths of the order of 2 km was more than sufficient to account for the mining-induced earthquakes. I report here updated versions of these two results based on more modern underground data acquired in the Witwatersrand gold fields. Firstly, an extensive suite of in situ stress data indicate that the ambient state of crustal stress here is close to the failure state in the absence of mining even though the tectonic setting is thoroughly stable. Mining initially stabilizes the rock mass by reducing the pore fluid pressure from its initial hydrostatic state to nearly zero. The extensive mine excavations, as Cook showed, concentrate the deviatoric stresses, in localized regions of the abutments, back into a failure state resulting in seismicity. Secondly, there appears to be two distinct types of mining-induced earthquakes: the first is strongly coupled to the mining and involves shear failure plus a coseismic volume reduction; the second type is not evidently coupled to any particular mine face, shows purely deviatoric failure, and is presumably caused by more regional changes in the state of stress due to mining. Thirdly, energy budgets for mining induced earthquakes of both types indicate that, of the available released energy, only a few per cent is radiated by the seismic waves with the majority being consumed in overcoming fault friction.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 2000, Energy budgets of mining-induced earthquakes and their interactions with nearby stopes, in International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, v. 37, no. 1-2, p. 437-443.","startPage":"437","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0947e4b0c8380cd51e56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022753,"text":"70022753 - 2000 - Geochemistry of the Springfield Plateau aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022753","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of the Springfield Plateau aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, USA","docAbstract":"Geochemical data indicate that the Springfield Plateau aquifer, a carbonate aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in central USA, has two distinct hydrochemical zones. Within each hydrochemical zone, water from springs is geochemically and isotopically different than water from wells. Geochemical data indicate that spring water generally interacts less with the surrounding rock and has a shorter residence time, probably as a result of flowing along discrete fractures and solution openings, than water from wells. Water type throughout most of the aquifer was calcium bicarbonate, indicating that carbonate-rock dissolution is the primary geochemical process occurring in the aquifer. Concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate, dissolved oxygen and tritium indicate that most ground water in the aquifer recharged rapidly and is relatively young (less than 40 years). In general, field-measured properties, concentrations of many chemical constituents, and calcite saturation indices were greater in samples from the northern part of the aquifer (hydrochemical zone A) than in samples from the southern part of the aquifer (hydrochemical zone B). Factors affecting differences in the geochemical composition of ground water between the two zones are difficult to identify, but could be related to differences in chert content and possibly primary porosity, solubility of the limestone, and amount and type of cementation between zone A than in zone B. In addition, specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, concentrations of many chemical constituents and calcite saturation indices were greater in samples from wells than in samples from springs in each hydrochemical zone. In contrast, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nitrite plus nitrate, and chloride generally were greater in samples from springs than in samples from wells. Water from springs generally flows rapidly through large conduits with minimum water-rock interactions. Water from wells flow through small fractures, which restrict flow and increase water-rock interactions. As a result, springs tend to be more susceptible to surface contamination than wells. The results of this study have important implications for the geochemical and hydrogeological processes of similar carbonate aquifers in other geographical locations. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.Geochemical data indicate that the Springfield Plateau carbonate aquifer has two distinct hydrochemical zones. With each hydrochemical zone, water from springs is geochemically and isotopically different from the water from wells. Spring water generally interacts less with the surrounding rock and has a shorter residence time, probably as a result of flowing along discrete fractures and solution openings, than water from wells. Factors affecting the differences in the geochemical composition of groundwater between the two zones are difficult to identify, but could be related to differences in chert content and possibly primary porosity, solubility of the limestone, and amount and type of cementation between zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000415)14:5<849::AID-HYP973>3.0.CO;2-7","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Adamski, J., 2000, Geochemistry of the Springfield Plateau aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 5, p. 849-866, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000415)14:5<849::AID-HYP973>3.0.CO;2-7.","startPage":"849","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208006,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000415)14:5<849::AID-HYP973>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"id":233348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1721e4b0c8380cd553b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adamski, J.C.","contributorId":51773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022715,"text":"70022715 - 2000 - Guidelines for model calibration and application to flow simulation in the Death Valley regional groundwater system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70022715","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Guidelines for model calibration and application to flow simulation in the Death Valley regional groundwater system","docAbstract":"Fourteen guidelines are described which are intended to produce calibrated groundwater models likely to represent the associated real systems more accurately than typically used methods. The 14 guidelines are discussed in the context of the calibration of a regional groundwater flow model of the Death Valley region in the southwestern United States. This groundwater flow system contains two sites of national significance from which the subsurface transport of contaminants could be or is of concern: Yucca Mountain, which is the potential site of the United States high-level nuclear-waste disposal; and the Nevada Test Site, which contains a number of underground nuclear-testing locations. This application of the guidelines demonstrates how they may be used for model calibration and evaluation, and also to direct further model development and data collection.Fourteen guidelines are described which are intended to produce calibrated groundwater models likely to represent the associated real systems more accurately than typically used methods. The 14 guidelines are discussed in the context of the calibration of a regional groundwater flow model of the Death Valley region in the southwestern United States. This groundwater flow system contains two sites of national significance from which the subsurface transport of contaminants could be or is of concern: Yucca Mountain, which is the potential site of the United States high-level nuclear-waste disposal; and the Nevada Test Site, which contains a number of underground nuclear-testing locations. This application of the guidelines demonstrates how they may be used for model calibration and evaluation, and also to direct further model development and data collection.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"ModelCARE'99 Conference","conferenceDate":"20 September 1999 through 23 September 1999","conferenceLocation":"Zurich, Switz","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX, United States","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., D’Agnese, F.A., and Faunt, C., 2000, Guidelines for model calibration and application to flow simulation in the Death Valley regional groundwater system, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 265, Zurich, Switz, 20 September 1999 through 23 September 1999, p. 195-204.","startPage":"195","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"265","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e45e4b0c8380cd5c3f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Agnese, F. A.","contributorId":6096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}