{"pageNumber":"1168","pageRowStart":"29175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70022398,"text":"70022398 - 2000 - Relations of habitat-specific algal assemblages to land use and water chemistry in the Willamette Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022398","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Relations of habitat-specific algal assemblages to land use and water chemistry in the Willamette Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Benthic algal assemblages, water chemistry, and habitat were characterized at 25 stream sites in the Willamette Basin, Oregon, during low flow in 1994. Seventy-three algal samples yielded 420 taxa - Mostly diatoms, blue-green algae, and green algae. Algal assemblages from depositional samples were strongly dominated by diatoms (76% mean relative abundance), whereas erosional samples were dominated by blue-green algae (68% mean relative abundance). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of semiquantitative and qualitative (presence/absence) data sets identified four environmental variables (maximum specific conductance, % open canopy, pH, and drainage area) that were significant in describing patterns of algal taxa among sites. Based on CCA, four groups of sites were identified: Streams in forested basins that supported oligotrophic taxa, such as Diatoma mesodon; small streams in agricultural and urban basins that contained a variety of eutrophic and nitrogen-heterotrophic algal taxa; larger rivers draining areas of mixed land use that supported planktonic, eutrophic, and nitrogen-heterotrophic algal taxa; and streams with severely degraded or absent riparian vegetation (> 75% open canopy) that were dominated by other planktonic, eutrophic, and nitrogen-heterotrophic algal taxa. Patterns in water chemistry were consistent with the algal autecological interpretations and clearly demonstrated relationships between land use, water quality, and algal distribution patterns.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1006460802772","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, K., and Waite, I., 2000, Relations of habitat-specific algal assemblages to land use and water chemistry in the Willamette Basin, Oregon, <i>in</i> Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 64, no. 1, p. 247-257, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006460802772.","startPage":"247","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006460802772"},{"id":230573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a716e4b0e8fec6cdc383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, K.D.","contributorId":97274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, I.R.","contributorId":41039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022240,"text":"70022240 - 2000 - Geochemical modeling of iron, sulfur, oxygen and carbon in a coastal plain aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022240","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical modeling of iron, sulfur, oxygen and carbon in a coastal plain aquifer","docAbstract":"Fe(III) reduction in the Magothy aquifer of Long Island, NY, results in high dissolved-iron concentrations that degrade water quality. Geochemical modeling was used to constrain iron-related geochemical processes and redox zonation along a flow path. The observed increase in dissolved inorganic carbon is consistent with the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter coupled to the reduction of O2 and SO4/2- in the aerobic zone, and to the reduction of SO4/2- in the anaerobic zone; estimated rates of CO2 production through reduction of Fe(III) were relatively minor by comparison. The rates of CO2 production calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon mass transfer (2.55 x 10-4 to 48.6 x 10-4 mmol 1-1 yr-1) generally were comparable to the calculated rates of CO2 production by the combined reduction of O2, Fe(III) and SO4/2- (1.31 x 10-4 to 15 x 10-4 mmol 1-1 yr-1). The overall increase in SO4/2- concentrations along the flow path, together with the results of mass-balance calculations, and variations in ??34S values along the flow path indicate that SO4/2- loss through microbial reduction is exceeded by SO4/2- gain through diffusion from sediments and through the oxidation of FeS2. Geochemichal and microbial data on cores indicate that Fe(III) oxyhydroxide coatings on sediment grains in local, organic carbon- and SO4/2- -rich zones have localized SO4/2- -reducing zones in which the formation of iron disulfides been depleted by microbial reduction and resulted in decreases dissolved iron concentrations. These localized zones of SO4/2- reduction, which are important for assessing zones of low dissolved iron for water-supply development, could be overlooked by aquifer studies that rely only on groundwater data from well-water samples for geochemical modeling. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.Fe(III) reduction in the Magothy aquifer of Long Island, NY, results in high dissolved-iron concentrations that degrade water quality. Geochemical modeling was used to constrain iron-related geochemical processes and redox zonation along a flow path. The observed increase in dissolved inorganic carbon is consistent with the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter coupled to the reduction of O2 and SO42- in the aerobic zone, and to the reduction of SO42- in the anaerobic zone; estimated rates of CO2 production through reduction of Fe(III) were relatively minor by comparison. The rates of CO2 production calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon mass transfer (2.55??10-4 to 48.6??10-4mmol l-1yr-1) generally were comparable to the calculated rates of CO2 production by the combined reduction of O2, Fe(III) and SO42- (1.31??10-4 to 15??10-4mmol l-1yr-1). The overall increase in SO42- concentrations along the flow path, together with the results of mass-balance calculations, and variations in ??34S values along the flow path indicate that SO42- loss through microbial reduction is exceeded by SO42- gain through diffusion from sediments and through the oxidation of FeS2. Geochemical and microbial data on cores indicate that Fe(III) oxyhydroxide coatings on sediment grains in local, organic carbon- and SO42--rich zones have been depleted by microbial reduction and resulted in localized SO42--reducing zones in which the formation of iron disulfides decreases dissolved iron concentrations. These localized zones of SO42- reduction, which are important for assessing zones of low dissolved iron for water-supply development, could be overlooked by aquifer studies that rely only on groundwater data from well-water samples for geochemical modeling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00296-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.J., Schoonen, M., and Candela, J., 2000, Geochemical modeling of iron, sulfur, oxygen and carbon in a coastal plain aquifer: Journal of Hydrology, v. 237, no. 3-4, p. 147-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00296-1.","startPage":"147","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00296-1"},{"id":230368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1688e4b0c8380cd551a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoonen, M.A.A.","contributorId":82479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoonen","given":"M.A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Candela, J.L.","contributorId":6884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Candela","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022407,"text":"70022407 - 2000 - High levels of MHC class II allelic diversity in lake trout from Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T18:27:31.9117","indexId":"70022407","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High levels of MHC class II allelic diversity in lake trout from Lake Superior","docAbstract":"<p>Sequence variation in a 216 bp portion of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II B1 domain was examined in 74 individual lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from different locations in Lake Superior. Forty-three alleles were obtained which encoded 71-72 amino acids of the mature protein. These sequences were compared with previous data obtained from five Pacific salmon species and Atlantic salmon using the same primers. Although all of the lake trout alleles clustered together in the neighbor-joining analysis of amino acid sequences, one amino acid allelic lineage was shared with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), a species in another genus which probably diverged from Salvelinus more than 10-20 million years ago. As shown previously in other salmonids, the level of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution (dN) exceeded the level of synonymous substitution (dS). The level of nucleotide diversity at the MHC class II B1 locus was considerably higher in lake trout than in the Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lake trout colonized Lake Superior from more than one refuge following the Wisconsin glaciation. Recent population bottlenecks may have reduced nucleotide diversity in Pacific salmon populations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jhered/91.5.359","issn":"00221503","usgsCitation":"Dorschner, M., Duris, T., Bronte, C., Burnham-Curtis, M.K., and Phillips, R., 2000, High levels of MHC class II allelic diversity in lake trout from Lake Superior: Journal of Heredity, v. 91, no. 5, p. 359-363, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/91.5.359.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"363","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/91.5.359","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Ontario, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.230224609375,\n              46.822616668804926\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.988525390625,\n              46.63435070293566\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.19750976562499,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.87890625,\n              46.875213396722685\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.03271484375,\n              46.5739667965278\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.72509765625,\n              46.5739667965278\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.516357421875,\n              46.50595444552049\n           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K.","contributorId":39328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham-Curtis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, R.B.","contributorId":24952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022557,"text":"70022557 - 2000 - Molecular analysis of population genetic structure and recolonization of rainbow trout following the Cantara spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:12:38","indexId":"70022557","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular analysis of population genetic structure and recolonization of rainbow trout following the Cantara spill","docAbstract":"<p data-mce-style=\"text-align: left;\">Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence and allelic frequency data for 12 microsatellite loci were used to analyze population genetic structure and recolonization by rainbow trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>, following the 1991 Cantara spill on the upper Sacramento River, California. Genetic analyses were performed on 1,016 wild rainbow trout collected between 1993 and 1996 from the mainstem and in 8 tributaries. Wild trout genotypes were compared to genotypes for 79 Mount Shasta Hatchery rainbow trout. No genetic heterogeneity was found 2 years after the spill (1993) between tributary populations and geographically proximate mainstem fish, suggesting recolonization of the upper mainstem directly from adjacent tributaries. Trout collections made in 1996 showed significant year-class genetic variation for mtDNA and microsatellites when compared to fish from the same locations in 1993. Five years after the spill, mainstem populations appeared genetically mixed with no significant allelic frequency differences between mainstem populations and geographically proximate tributary trout. In our 1996 samples, we found no significant genetic differences due to season of capture (summer or fall) or sampling technique used to capture rainbow trout, with the exception of trout collected by electrofishing and hook and line near Prospect Avenue. Haplotype and allelic frequencies in wild rainbow trout populations captured in the upper Sacramento River and its tributaries were found to differ genetically from Mount Shasta Hatchery trout for both years, with the notable exception of trout collected in the lower mainstem river near Shasta Lake, where mtDNA and microsatellite data both suggested upstream colonization by hatchery fish from the reservoir. These data suggest that the chemical spill in the upper Sacramento River produced significant effects over time on the genetic population structure of rainbow trout throughout the entire upper river basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","issn":"00081078","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J., Heine, E.L., Gan, C.A., and Fountain, M.C., 2000, Molecular analysis of population genetic structure and recolonization of rainbow trout following the Cantara spill: California Fish and Game, v. 86, no. 1, p. 21-40.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Publications/Journal/Contents#2000","text":"Volume 86 on Publisher's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacremento River","volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cf1e4b0c8380cd70059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heine, Erika L.","contributorId":108367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heine","given":"Erika","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gan, Christina A.","contributorId":96539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gan","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fountain, Monique C.","contributorId":18528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"Monique","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022412,"text":"70022412 - 2000 - Bacterial dissimilatory reduction of arsenate and sulfate in meromictic Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:46:44","indexId":"70022412","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial dissimilatory reduction of arsenate and sulfate in meromictic Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"<p>The stratified (meromictic) water column of alkaline and hypersaline Mono Lake, California, contains high concentrations of dissolved inorganic arsenic (~200 ??mol/L). Arsenic speciation changes from arsenate [As (V)] to arsenite [As (III)] with the transition from oxic surface waters (misolimnion) to anoxic bottom waters (monimolimnion). A radioassay was devised to measure the reduction of 73As (V) to 73As (III) and tested using cell suspensions of the As (V)-respiring Bacillus selenitireducens, which completely reduced the 73As (V). In field experiments, no significant activity was noted in the aerobic mixolimnion waters, but reduction of 73As (V) to 73As (III) was observed in all the monimolimnion samples. Rate constants ranged from 0.02 to 0.3/day, with the highest values in the samples from the deepest depths (24 and 28 m). The highest activities occurred between 18 and 21 m, where As (V) abundant (rate, ~5.9 ??mol/L per day). In contrast, sulfate reduction occurred at depths below 21 m, with the highest rates attained at 28 m (rate, ~2.3 ??mol/L per day). These results indicate that As (V) ranks second in importance, after sulfate, as an electron acceptor for anaerobic bacterial respiration in the water column. Annual arsenate respiration may mineralize as much as 14.2% of the pelagic photosynthetic carbon fixed during meromixis. When combined with sulfate-reduction data, anaerobic respiration in the water column can mineralize 32-55% of this primary production. As lakes of this type approach salt saturation, As (V) can become the most important electron acceptor for the biogeochemical cycling of carbon.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00422-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Dowdle, P., Hoeft, S., Sharp, J., Schaefer, J., Miller, L., Switzer, B.J., Smith, R.L., Bloom, N., and Wallschlaeger, D., 2000, Bacterial dissimilatory reduction of arsenate and sulfate in meromictic Mono Lake, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, no. 18, p. 3073-3084, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00422-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3073","endPage":"3084","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479279,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00422-1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":206774,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00422-1"},{"id":230755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","volume":"64","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef9ee4b0c8380cd4a35f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowdle, P.R.","contributorId":77678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowdle","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoeft, S.","contributorId":39542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, J.O.","contributorId":56409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaefer, J.K.","contributorId":17256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Switzer, Blum J.","contributorId":33076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Switzer","given":"Blum","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bloom, N.S.","contributorId":59906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloom","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wallschlaeger, D.","contributorId":95646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallschlaeger","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70022413,"text":"70022413 - 2000 - Walnut creek watershed monitoring project, Iowa: Monitoring water quality in response to prairie restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T15:20:20.514216","indexId":"70022413","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Walnut creek watershed monitoring project, Iowa: Monitoring water quality in response to prairie restoration","docAbstract":"Land use and surface water data for nitrogen and pesticides (1995 to 1997) are reported for the Walnut Creek Watershed Monitoring Project, Jasper County Iowa. The Walnut Creek project was established in 1995 as a nonpoint source monitoring program in relation to watershed habitat restoration and agricultural management changes implemented at the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The monitoring project utilizes a paired-watershed approach (Walnut and Squaw creeks) as well as upstream/downstream comparisons on Walnut for analysis and tracking of trends. From 1992 to 1997, 13.4 percent of the watershed was converted from row crop to native prairie in the Walnut Creek watershed. Including another 6 percent of watershed farmed on a cash-rent basis, land use changes have been implemented on 19.4 percent of the watershed by the USFWS. Nitrogen and pesticide applications were reduced an estimated 18 percent and 28 percent in the watershed from land use changes. Atrazine was detected most often in surface water with frequencies of detection ranging from 76-86 percent. No significant differences were noted in atrazine concentrations between Walnut and Squaw Creek. Nitrate-N concentrations measured in both watersheds were similar; both basins showed a similar pattern of detection and an overall reduction in nitrate-N concentrations from upstream to downstream monitoring sites. Water quality improvements are suggested by nitrate-N and chloride ratios less than one in the Walnut Creek watershed and low nitrate-N concentrations measured in the subbasin of Walnut Creek containing the greatest amount of land use changes. Atrazine and nitrate-N concentrations from the lower portion of the Walnut Creek watershed (including the prairie restoration area) may be decreasing in relation to the upstream untreated component of the watershed. The frequencies of pesticide detections and mean nitrate-N concentrations appear related to the percentage of row crop in the basins and subbasins. Although some results are encouraging, definitive water quality improvements have not been observed during the first three years of monitoring. Possible reasons include: (1) more time is needed to adequately detect changes; (2) the size of the watershed is too large to detect improvements; (3) land use changes are not located in the area of the watershed where they would have greatest effect; or (4) water quality improvements have occurred but have been missed by the project monitoring design. Longer-term monitoring will allow better evaluation of the impact of restoration activities on water quality.An overview is given on the Walnut Creek Watershed Monitoring Project established as a nonpoint source monitoring program in relation to watershed habitat restoration and agricultural management changes implemented at the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services. Focus is on land use and surface water data for nitrogen and pesticides. Initial results obtained for the first three years of monitoring are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05713.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Thompson, C.A., 2000, Walnut creek watershed monitoring project, Iowa: Monitoring water quality in response to prairie restoration: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 5, p. 1101-1114, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05713.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1101","endPage":"1114","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Walnut Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.97327423095702,\n              41.61518564951443\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.81431579589844,\n              41.61518564951443\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.81431579589844,\n              41.69034777353792\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.97327423095702,\n              41.69034777353792\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.97327423095702,\n              41.61518564951443\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3c2e4b08c986b32b37e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, C. A.","contributorId":98769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022052,"text":"70022052 - 2000 - Alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T10:20:09","indexId":"70022052","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology","docAbstract":"<p>The alunite supergroup consists of more than 40 mineral species that have in common the general formula<span>&nbsp;</span><i>DG</i><sub><i>3</i></sub>(<i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH,H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sites are occupied by monovalent (e.g. K, Na, NH<sub>4</sub>, Ag, Tl, H<sub>3</sub>O), divalent (e.g. Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb), trivalent (e.g. Bi, REE) or more rarely quadrivalent (Th) ions;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is Al or Fe<sup>3+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or rarely Ga or V;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is S<sup>6+</sup>, As<sup>5+</sup>, or P<sup>5+</sup>, and may include subordinate amounts of Cr<sup>6+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or Si<sup>4+</sup>. Many of the minerals in this supergroup are exotic, having been described from relatively few localities worldwide, generally in association with ore deposits. Rarely are end-member compositions attained in these natural occurrences, and extensive solid solution is typical for one or more of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>G</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sites. In this chapter, the two solid-solution series considered in detail are alunite-natroalunite [KAl<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>– NaAl<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>] and jarosite-natrojarosite [KFe<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>– NaFe<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>]. These minerals are by far the most abundant naturally occurring species of the alunite supergroup.</p><p>Minerals with the generalized formula cited above can be variously grouped, but the simplest initial subdivision is on the basis of Fe &gt; Al versus Al &gt; Fe. Further subdivision is generally made on the basis of the predominant cation within the two<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sites. Thus, within the supergroup, the alunite group consists of minerals in which both of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sites are occupied by sulfur. This leads to a total negative charge of four on the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sites. In the ideal formulas of some members of the supergroup [e.g. woodhouseite, CaAl<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)(SO<sub>4</sub>)(OH)<sub>6</sub>], half of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sites are occupied by sulfur, and the other half by arsenic or phosphorus, which produces a total negative charge of five on the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sites. In still other end-members of the supergroup [e.g. crandallite, CaAl<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>5</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O), and arsenocrandallite, CaAl<sub>3</sub>(AsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>5</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)], both of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sites are occupied solely by phosphorus or arsenic, thus producing a total negative charge of six on the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sites (see Table 1<sup class=\"sup-zero\"><a class=\"tablelink\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/rimg/article/40/1/453/140669/alunite-jarosite-crystallography-thermodynamics#T1\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/rimg/article/40/1/453/140669/alunite-jarosite-crystallography-thermodynamics#T1\">1</a></sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of Dutrizac and Jambor, this volume). In this chapter, however, the primary concern is with those minerals for which<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is represented by SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>(Table 1<sup class=\"sup-zero\"><a class=\"tablelink\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/rimg/article/40/1/453/140669/alunite-jarosite-crystallography-thermodynamics#T1\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/rimg/article/40/1/453/140669/alunite-jarosite-crystallography-thermodynamics#T1\">1</a></sup>).</p><p>Precipitates with compositions near those of the end-members in the system alunite-natroalunite and jarosite-natrojarosite are readily prepared using sulfate salts. The products, however, almost invariably have a slight to appreciable deficiency in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><sup>3+</sup>, and have an apparent non-stoichiometry for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i>. The latter may reflect incorporation a H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, a solid solution that is difficult to prove because H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>cannot be determined directly by wet-chemistry or microprobe methods. Nevertheless, the existence of two minerals in the alunite supergroup is dependent solely on their<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i>-site predominance of H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, namely, hydronium jarosite [(H<sub>3</sub>O)Fe<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>] and schlossmacherite [(H<sub>3</sub>O,Ca)Al<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(OH,H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>].</p><p>This chapter is organized into four sections. In the first section, crystallographic data for alunite-natroalunite and jarosite-natrojarosite are presented and discussed. The second section describes available thermodynamic data for these two solid-solution series, in terms of properties of the end-members and mixing properties for intermediate compositions. The third section discusses the geochemistry and occurrences of alunite and jarosite, and the last section summarizes the published literature on the use of alunite and jarosite in geochronology.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2000.40.9","issn":"15296466","usgsCitation":"Stoffregen, R., Alpers, C.N., and Jambor, J., 2000, Alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 40, no. 1, p. 453-479, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2000.40.9.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"479","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e99de4b0c8380cd48397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoffregen, R.E.","contributorId":70417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffregen","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jambor, J.L.","contributorId":107460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jambor","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022047,"text":"70022047 - 2000 - Hydrological Aspects of Weather Prediction and Flood Warnings: Report of the Ninth Prospectus Development Team of the U.S. Weather Research Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022047","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrological Aspects of Weather Prediction and Flood Warnings: Report of the Ninth Prospectus Development Team of the U.S. Weather Research Program","docAbstract":"Among the many natural disasters that disrupt human and industrial activity in the United States each year, including tornadoes, hurricanes, extreme temperatures, and lightning, floods are among the most devastating and rank second in the loss of life. Indeed, the societal impact of floods has increased during the past few years and shows no sign of abating. Although the scientific questions associated with flooding and its accurate prediction are many and complex, an unprecedented opportunity now exists - in light of new observational and computing systems and infrastructures, a much improved understanding of small-scale meteorological and hydrological processes, and the availability of sophisticated numerical models and data assimilation systems - to attack the flood forecasting problem in a comprehensive manner that will yield significant new scientific insights and corresponding practical benefits. The authors present herein a set of recommendations for advancing our understanding of floods via the creation of natural laboratories situated in a variety of local meteorological and hydrological settings. Emphasis is given to floods caused by convection and cold season events, fronts and extratropical cyclones, orographic forcing, and hurricanes and tropical cyclones following landfall. Although the particular research strategies applied within each laboratory setting will necessarily vary, all will share the following principal elements: (a) exploitation of those couplings important to flooding that exist between meteorological and hydrological processes and models; (b) innovative use of operational radars, research radars, satellites, and rain gauges to provide detailed spatial characterizations of precipitation fields and rates, along with the use of this information in hydrological models and for improving and validating microphysical algorithms in meteorological models; (c) comparisons of quantitative precipitation estimation algorithms from both research (especially multiparameter) and operational radars against gauge data as well as output produced by meso- and storm-scale models; (d) use of data from dense, temporary river gauge networks to trace the fate of rain from its starting location in small basins to the entire stream and river network; and (e) sensitivity testing in the design and implementation of separate as well as coupled meteorological and hydrologic models, the latter designed to better represent those nonlinear feedbacks between the atmosphere and land that are known to play an important role in runoff prediction. Vital to this effort will be the creation of effective and sustained linkages between the historically separate though scientifically related disciplines of meteorology and hydrology, as well as their observational infrastructures and research methodologies.","largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","language":"English","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Droegemeier, K., Smith, J., Businger, S., Doswell, C., Doyle, J., Duffy, C., Foufoula-Georgiou, E., Graziano, T., James, L., Krajewski, V., LeMone, M., Lettenmaier, D., Mass, C., Pielke, R., Ray, P., Rutledge, S., Schaake, J., and Zipser, E., 2000, Hydrological Aspects of Weather Prediction and Flood Warnings: Report of the Ninth Prospectus Development Team of the U.S. Weather Research Program, <i>in</i> Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 81, no. 11, p. 2665-2680.","startPage":"2665","endPage":"2680","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36a7e4b0c8380cd608b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Droegemeier, K.K.","contributorId":45578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droegemeier","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J.D.","contributorId":35796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Businger, S.","contributorId":65331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Businger","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doswell, C. III","contributorId":62468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doswell","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doyle, J.","contributorId":74219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duffy, C.","contributorId":103930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Foufoula-Georgiou, E.","contributorId":64099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foufoula-Georgiou","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graziano, T.","contributorId":28484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graziano","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"James, L.D.","contributorId":62469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Krajewski, V.","contributorId":97382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krajewski","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"LeMone, M.","contributorId":91743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeMone","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.","contributorId":9831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mass, C.","contributorId":92108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mass","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pielke, R. Sr.","contributorId":37104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ray, P.","contributorId":91744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rutledge, S.","contributorId":63678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schaake, J.","contributorId":63603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaake","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Zipser, E.","contributorId":103931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipser","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70022255,"text":"70022255 - 2000 - Chapter 4. Predicting post-fire erosion and sedimentation risk on a landscape scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T15:39:56.435368","indexId":"70022255","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2471,"text":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 4. Predicting post-fire erosion and sedimentation risk on a landscape scale","docAbstract":"<p>Historic fire suppression efforts have increased the likelihood of large wildfires in much of the western U.S. Post-fire soil erosion and sedimentation risks are important concerns to resource managers. In this paper we develop and apply procedures to predict post-fire erosion and sedimentation risks on a pixel-, catchment-, and landscape-scale in central and western Colorado.</p><p>Our model for predicting post-fire surface erosion risk is conceptually similar to the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). One key addition is the incorporation of a hydrophobicity risk index (HY-RISK) based on vegetation type, predicted fire severity, and soil texture. Post-fire surface erosion risk was assessed for each 90-m pixel by combining HYRISK, slope, soil erodibility, and a factor representing the likely increase in soil wetness due to removal of the vegetation. Sedimentation risk was a simple function of stream gradient. Composite surface erosion and sedimentation risk indices were calculated and compared across the 72 catchments in the study area.</p><p>When evaluated on a catchment scale, two-thirds of the catchments had relatively little post-fire erosion risk. Steeper catchments with higher fuel loadings typically had the highest post-fire surface erosion risk. These were generally located along the major north-south mountain chains and, to a lesser extent, in west-central Colorado. Sedimentation risks were usually highest in the eastern part of the study area where a higher proportion of streams had lower gradients. While data to validate the predicted erosion and sedimentation risks are lacking, the results appear reasonable and are consistent with our limited field observations. The models and analytic procedures can be readily adapted to other locations and should provide useful tools for planning and management at both the catchment and landscape scale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1300/J091v11n01_04","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, L.H., Sampson, R., Brady, D., Juarros, L., and Martin, D.A., 2000, Chapter 4. Predicting post-fire erosion and sedimentation risk on a landscape scale: Journal of Sustainable Forestry, v. 11, no. 1-2, p. 57-87, https://doi.org/10.1300/J091v11n01_04.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81c3e4b0c8380cd7b6f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, L. H.","contributorId":11791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sampson, R.","contributorId":22111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brady, D.","contributorId":52742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juarros, L.","contributorId":55173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juarros","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022446,"text":"70022446 - 2000 - Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:48:47","indexId":"70022446","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerical simulations were used to examine the effects of heterogeneity in hydraulic conductivity (K) and intrinsic biodegradation rate on the accuracy of contaminant plume‐scale biodegradation rates obtained from field data. The simulations were based on a steady‐state BTEX contaminant plume undergoing biodegradation under sulfate‐reducing conditions, with the electron acceptor in excess. Biomass was either uniform or correlated with K to model spatially variable intrinsic biodegradation rates. A hydraulic conductivity data set from an alluvial aquifer was used to generate three sets of 10 realizations with different degrees of heterogeneity, and contaminant transport with biodegradation was simulated with BIOMOC. Biodegradation rates were calculated from the steady‐state contaminant plumes using decrease in concentration with distance downgradient and a single flow velocity estimate, as is commonly done in site characterization to support the interpretation of natural attenuation. The observed rates were found to underestimate the actual rate specified in the heterogeneous model in all cases. The discrepancy between the observed rate and the “true” rate depended on the ground water flow velocity estimate, and increased with increasing heterogeneity in the aquifer. For a lognormal K distribution with variance of 0.46, the estimate was no more than a factor of 1.4 slower than the true rate. For an aquifer with 20% silt/clay lenses, the rate estimate was as much as nine times slower than the true rate. Homogeneous‐permeability, uniform‐degradation rate simulations were used to generate predictions of remediation time with the rates estimated from the heterogeneous models. The homogeneous models generally overestimated the extent of remediation or underestimated remediation time, due to delayed degradation of contaminants in the low‐K areas. Results suggest that aquifer characterization for natural attenuation at contaminated sites should include assessment of the presence and extent of, and contaminant concentrations in, low‐permeability areas of an aquifer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02706.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., 2000, Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 5, p. 702-712, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02706.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"712","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0711e4b0c8380cd5153f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022560,"text":"70022560 - 2000 - The United States Board on Geographic Names: Standardization or regulation?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T16:13:31.61126","indexId":"70022560","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2808,"text":"Names","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The United States Board on Geographic Names: Standardization or regulation?","docAbstract":"<p>The United States Board on Geographic Names was created in 1890 to standardize the use of geographic names on federal maps and documents, and was established in its present form in 1947 by public law. The Board is responsible for geographic name usage and application throughout the federal government and its members must approve a name change or new name before it can be applied to federal maps and publications. To accomplish its mission, the Board has developed principles, policies, and procedures for use in the standardization process. The Board is also responsible legally for the promulgation of standardized names, whether or not these names have ever been controversial, and today this is accomplished by the universal availability of electronic databases for domestic and foreign names. This paper examines the development of Board policies and the implementation of these policies to achieve standardization with a view to relating these policies and activities to questions of standardization or regulation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Maney","doi":"10.1179/nam.2000.48.3-4.177","issn":"00277738","usgsCitation":"Payne, R., 2000, The United States Board on Geographic Names: Standardization or regulation?: Names, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 177-192, https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.2000.48.3-4.177.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"192","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.2000.48.3-4.177","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba95be4b08c986b3221fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, R.L.","contributorId":38162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022444,"text":"70022444 - 2000 - Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:58:34","indexId":"70022444","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record","docAbstract":"Data from a sparse network of climate stations in Alaska were interpolated to provide 1-km resolution maps of mean monthly temperature and precipitation-variables that are required at high spatial resolution for input into regional models of ecological processes and resource management. The interpolation model is based on thin-plate smoothing splines, which uses the spatial data along with a digital elevation model to incorporate local topography. The model provides maps that are consistent with regional climatology and with patterns recognized by experienced weather forecasters. The broad patterns of Alaskan climate are well represented and include latitudinal and altitudinal trends in temperature and precipitation and gradients in continentality. Variations within these broad patterns reflect both the weakening and reduction in frequency of low-pressure centres in their eastward movement across southern Alaska during the summer, and the shift of the storm tracks into central and northern Alaska in late summer. Not surprisingly, apparent artifacts of the interpolated climate occur primarily in regions with few or no stations. The interpolation model did not accurately represent low-level winter temperature inversions that occur within large valleys and basins. Along with well-recognized climate patterns, the model captures local topographic effects that would not be depicted using standard interpolation techniques. This suggests that similar procedures could be used to generate high-resolution maps for other high-latitude regions with a sparse density of data.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Fleming, M.D., Chapin, F.S., Cramer, W., Hufford, G.L., and Serreze, M.C., 2000, Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record: Global Change Biology, v. 6, no. S1, p. 49-58, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x"}],"volume":"6","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a177de4b0c8380cd55506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":98816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapin, F. Stuart III","contributorId":65632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cramer, W.","contributorId":102231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hufford, Gary L.","contributorId":78502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hufford","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Serreze, Mark C.","contributorId":98491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serreze","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022254,"text":"70022254 - 2000 - A modified ground-motion attenuation relationship for southern California that accounts for detailed site classification and a basin-depth effect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T14:01:30.688727","indexId":"70022254","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modified ground-motion attenuation relationship for southern California that accounts for detailed site classification and a basin-depth effect","docAbstract":"The attenuation relationship presented by Boore et al. (1997) has been evaluated and customized with respect to southern California strong-motion data (for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 0.3-, 1.0-, and 3.0-sec period spectral acceleration). This study was motivated by the recent availability of a new site-classification map by Wills et al. (2000), which distinguishes seven different site categories for California based on the 1994 NEHRP classification. With few exceptions, each of the five site types represented in the southern California strong-motion database exhibit distinct amplification factors, supporting use of the Wills et al. (2000) map for microzonation purposes. Following other studies, a basin-depth term was also found to be significant and therefore added to the relationship. Sites near the center of the LA Basin exhibit shaking levels up to a factor of 2 greater, on average, than otherwise equivalent sites near the edge. Relative to Boore et al. (1997), the other primary difference here is that PGA exhibits less variation among the Wills et al. (2000) site types. In fact, the PGA amplification implied by the basin-depth effect is greater than that implied by site classification. The model does not explicitly account for nonlinear sediment effects, which, if important, will most likely influence rock-site PGA predictions the most. Evidence for a magnitude-dependent variability, or prediction uncertainty, is also found and included as an option.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000507","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., 2000, A modified ground-motion attenuation relationship for southern California that accounts for detailed site classification and a basin-depth effect: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 6B, p. S209-S221, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000507.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"S209","endPage":"S221","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.191162109375,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.70825195312501,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.63134765625001,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.42260742187499,\n              32.861132322810946\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.466552734375,\n        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H.","contributorId":86915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022219,"text":"70022219 - 2000 - Diagenetic fate of organic contaminants on the Palos Verdes Shelf, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T16:43:19.157667","indexId":"70022219","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenetic fate of organic contaminants on the Palos Verdes Shelf, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Municipal wastes discharged through deepwater submarine outfalls since 1937 have contaminated sediments of the Palos Verdes Shelf. A site approximately 6–8 km downcurrent from the outfall system was chosen for a study of the diagenetic fate of organic contaminants in the waste-impacted sediments. Concentrations of three classes of hydrophobic organic contaminants (DDT+metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the long-chain alkylbenzenes) were determined in sediment cores collected at the study site in 1981 and 1992. Differences between the composition of effluent from the major source of DDT (Montrose Chemical) and that found in sediments suggests that parent DDT was transformed by hydrolytic dehydrochlorination during the earliest stages of diagenesis. As a result,&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′-DDE is the dominant DDT metabolite found in shelf sediments, comprising 60–70% of ΣDDT. The&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>-DDE/</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′-DDMU concentration ratio decreases with increasing sub-bottom depth in sediment cores, indicating that reductive dechlorination of&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′-DDE is occurring. Approximately 9–23% of the DDE inventory in the sediments may have been converted to DDMU since DDT discharges began ca. 1953. At most, this is less than half of the decline in&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′-DDE inventory that has been observed at the study site for the period 1981–1995. Most of the observed decrease is attributable to remobilization by processes such as sediment mixing coupled to resuspension, contaminant desorption, and current advection. Existing field data suggest that the in situ rate of DDE transformation is 10</span><sup>2</sup><span>–10</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;times slower than rates determined in recent laboratory microcosm experiments (Quensen, J.F., Mueller, S.A., Jain, M.K., Tiedje, J.M., 1998. Reductive dechlorination of DDE to DDMU in marine sediment microcosms. Science, 280, 722–724.). This explains why the DDT composition (i.e.&nbsp;</span><i>o</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′-,&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′-isomers of DDE, DDD, DDT) of sediments from this site have not changed significantly since at least 1972. Congener-specific PCB compositions in shelf sediments are highly uniform and show no evidence of diagenetic transformation. Apparently, the agents/factors responsible for reductive dechlorination of DDE are not also effecting alteration of the PCBs. Two types of long-chain alkylbenzenes were found in the contaminated sediments. Comparison of chain length and isomer distributions of the linear alkylbenzenes in wastewater effluent and surficial sediment samples indicate that these compounds undergo biodegradation during sedimentation. Further degradation of the linear alkylbenzenes occurs after burial despite relatively invariant isomer compositions. The branched alkylbenzenes are much more persistent than the linear alkylbenzenes, presumably due to extensive branching of the alkyl side chain. Based on these results,&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′-DDE, PCBs, and selected branched alkylbenzenes are sufficiently persistent for use in molecular stratigraphy. The linear alkylbenzenes may also provide information on depositional processes. However, their application as quantitative molecular tracers should be approached with caution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00034-7","usgsCitation":"Eganhouse, R., Pontolillo, J., and Leiker, T., 2000, Diagenetic fate of organic contaminants on the Palos Verdes Shelf, California: Marine Chemistry, v. 70, no. 4, p. 289-315, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00034-7.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.2135772705078,\n              33.729193837631136\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.42540740966795,\n              33.860437835033366\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.54728698730469,\n              33.763736215398566\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3388900756836,\n              33.62805612409992\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.2135772705078,\n              33.729193837631136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a009ae4b0c8380cd4f7fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eganhouse, R.P.","contributorId":67555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pontolillo, J.","contributorId":43376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontolillo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022218,"text":"70022218 - 2000 - USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000: New Conventional Provinces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022218","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000: New Conventional Provinces","docAbstract":"The USGS has completed a new assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas resources of the world. One hundred and five geologic provinces were analyzed for assessment. Assessment units (AU) that comprise Total Petroleum Systems (TPS) were identified and described for each of these provinces. The AU served as the basis for assessing undiscovered petroleum within these provinces, 157 TPS and 270 AU were assessed. Some of data included in the assessment include the cumulative percent of world known petroleum volume by ranked oil and gas provinces; undiscovered NGL; reserve growth of the worlds largest oil and gas fields; and world potential reserve growth for oil/gas/NGL.","largerWorkTitle":"World Petroleum Congress Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth World Petroleum Congress","conferenceDate":"11 June 2000 through 15 June 2000","conferenceLocation":"Calgary, Alberta","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ahlbrandt, T., and Klett, T., 2000, USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000: New Conventional Provinces, <i>in</i> World Petroleum Congress Proceedings, v. 2, Calgary, Alberta, 11 June 2000 through 15 June 2000, p. 87-98.","startPage":"87","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbbce4b08c986b3287ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022589,"text":"70022589 - 2000 - Macroinvertebrate assemblages on woody debris and their relations with environmental variables in the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin River drainages, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T14:10:42","indexId":"70022589","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macroinvertebrate assemblages on woody debris and their relations with environmental variables in the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin River drainages, California","docAbstract":"Data from 25 sites were used to evaluate associations between macroinvertebrate assemblages on large woody debris (snags) and environmental variables in the lower San Joaquin and Sacramento River drainages in California as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Samples were collected from 1993 to 1995 in the San Joaquin River drainage and in 1996 and 1997 in the Sacramento River drainage. Macroinvertebrate taxa were aggregated to the family (or higher) level of taxonomic organization, resulting in 39 taxa for analyses. Only the 31 most common taxa were used for two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). TWINSPAN analysis defined four groups of snag samples on the basis of macroinvertebrate assemblages. Analysis of variance identified differences in environmental and biotic characteristics among the groups. These results combined with the results of CCA indicated that mean dominant substrate type, gradient, specific conductance, water temperature, percentage of the basin in agricultural land use, percentage of the basin in combined agricultural and urban land uses, and elevation were important factors in explaining assemblage structure. Macroinvertebrate assemblages on snags may be useful in family level bioassessments of environmental conditions in valley floor habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1006482800472","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Brown, L., and May, J., 2000, Macroinvertebrate assemblages on woody debris and their relations with environmental variables in the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin River drainages, California: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 64, no. 1, p. 311-329, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006482800472.","startPage":"311","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206670,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006482800472"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b1ae4b0c8380cd692c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, L. R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":66391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, J. T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":72505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":93848,"text":"93848 - 2000 - Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Horned Lark","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-11T10:41:40","indexId":"93848","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Horned Lark","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the <a href=\"http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/index.htm#bibsearch\" target=\"_blank\">Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography</a> on the home page of this resource.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93848","usgsCitation":"Dinkins, M., Zimmerman, A., Dechant, J., Parkin, B., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., and Euliss, B., 2000, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Horned Lark (Revised 2003), 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93848.","productDescription":"33 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93848.PNG"},{"id":312416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93848/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised 2003","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinkins, Meghan F.","contributorId":28193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinkins","given":"Meghan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Amy L.","contributorId":69087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Amy L.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parkin, Barry D.","contributorId":98249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkin","given":"Barry D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70022206,"text":"70022206 - 2000 - The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022206","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano","docAbstract":"Stress changes in the Earth's crust are generally estimated from model calculations that use near-surface deformation as an observational constraint. But the widespread correlation of changes of earthquake activity with stress has led to suggestions that stress changes might be calculated from earthquake occurrence rates obtained from seismicity catalogues. Although this possibility has considerable appeal, because seismicity data are routinely collected and have good spatial and temporal resolution, the method has not yet proven successful, owing to the nonlinearity of earthquake rate changes with respect to both stress and time. Here, however, we present two methods for inverting earthquake rate data to infer stress changes, using a formulation for the stress- and time-dependence of earthquake rates. Application of these methods at Kilauea volcano, in Hawaii, yields good agreement with independent estimates, indicating that earthquake rates can provide a practical remote-sensing stress meter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/35044054","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J., Cayol, V., and Okubo, P., 2000, The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano: Nature, v. 408, no. 6811, p. 457-460, https://doi.org/10.1038/35044054.","startPage":"457","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35044054"},{"id":230485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"408","issue":"6811","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb167e4b08c986b32530d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, J.","contributorId":49953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayol, V.","contributorId":83302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayol","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022205,"text":"70022205 - 2000 - U.S. Geological Survey, remote sensing, and geoscience data: Using standards to serve us all","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T13:32:39.478223","indexId":"70022205","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey, remote sensing, and geoscience data: Using standards to serve us all","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) advocates the use of standards with geosciences and remotely sensed data and metadata for its own purposes and those of its customers. In activities that range from archiving data to making a product, the incorporation of standards makes these functions repeatable and understandable. More important, when accepted standards are followed, data discovery and sharing can be more efficient and the overall value to society can be expanded. The USGS archives many terabytes of digital geoscience and remotely sensed data. Several million photographs are also available to the research community. To manage these vast holdings and ensure that strict preservation and high usability criteria are observed, the USGS uses standards within the archival, data management, public access and ordering, and data distribution areas. The USGS uses Federal and international standards in performing its role as the U.S. National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive and in its mission as the long-term archive and production center for aerial photographs and cartographic data covering the United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2000 Intenational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2000)","conferenceDate":"24 July 2000 through 28 July 2000","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2000.858067","usgsCitation":"Benson, M.G., and Faundeen, J., 2000, U.S. Geological Survey, remote sensing, and geoscience data: Using standards to serve us all, <i>in</i> Proceedings of International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 3, Honolulu, HI, USA, 24 July 2000 through 28 July 2000, p. 1202-1204, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2000.858067.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1202","endPage":"1204","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb22e4b08c986b328507","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Michael G.","contributorId":18531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faundeen, John 0000-0003-0287-2921 faundeen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-2921","contributorId":3097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faundeen","given":"John","email":"faundeen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022251,"text":"70022251 - 2000 - Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility as a tool for recognizing core deformation: Reevaluation of the paleomagnetic record of Pleistocene sediments from drill hole OL-92, Owens Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-04T14:43:07.913546","indexId":"70022251","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility as a tool for recognizing core deformation: Reevaluation of the paleomagnetic record of Pleistocene sediments from drill hole OL-92, Owens Lake, California","docAbstract":"At Owens Lake, California, paleomagnetic data document the Matuyama/Brunhes polarity boundary near the bottom of a 323-m core (OL-92) and display numerous directional fluctuations throughout the Brunhes chron. Many of the intervals of high directional dispersion were previously interpreted to record magnetic excursions. For the upper ~120 m, these interpretations were tested using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), which typically defines a subhorizontal planar fabric for sediments deposited in quiet water. AMS data from intervals of deformed core, determined from detailed analysis of sedimentary structures, were compared to a reference AMS fabric derived from undisturbed sediment. This comparison shows that changes in the AMS fabric provide a means of screening core samples for deformation and the associated paleomagnetic record for the adverse effects of distortion. For that portion of core OL-92 studied here (about the upper 120 m), the combined analyses of sedimentary structures and AMS data demonstrate that most of the paleomagnetic features, previously interpreted as geomagnetic excursions, are likely the result of core deformation.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00077-7","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Rosenbaum, J., Reynolds, R.L., Smoot, J., and Meyer, R., 2000, Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility as a tool for recognizing core deformation: Reevaluation of the paleomagnetic record of Pleistocene sediments from drill hole OL-92, Owens Lake, California: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 178, no. 3-4, p. 415-424, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00077-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec00e4b0c8380cd49019","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbaum, Joseph","contributorId":63192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smoot, Joseph","contributorId":45478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Robert","contributorId":74784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022202,"text":"70022202 - 2000 - Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022202","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data","docAbstract":"Topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data are compared for 50 locations representing varied terrain in the conterminous USA. The topographic characteristics are three parameters used extensively in hydrological research and modelling - slope (S), specific catchment area (A(s)) and a wetness index computed as the logarithm of the specific catchment area divided by slope [ln(A(s)/S)]. Slope values computed from 1000-m DEMs are smaller than those computed from 100-m DEMs; specific catchment area and the wetness index are larger for the 1000-m DEMs compared with the 100-m DEMs. Most of the differences between the 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs can be attributed to terrain-discretization effects in the computation of the topographic characteristics and are not the result of smoothing or loss of terrain detail in the coarse data. In general, the terrain-discretization effects are greatest on flat terrain with long length-scale features, and the smoothing effects are greatest on steep terrain with short length-scale features. For the most part, the differences in the average values of the topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs are predictable; that is, biases in the mean values for the characteristics computed from a 1000-m DEM can be corrected with simple linear equations. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.Topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data are compared for 50 locations representing varied terrain in the conterminous USA. The topographic characteristics are three parameters used extensively in hydrological research and modelling - slope (S), specific catchment area (As) and a wetness index computed as the logarithm of the specific catchment area divided by slope [In(As/S)]. Slope values computed from 1000-m DEMs are smaller than those computed from 100-m DEMs; specific catchment area and the wetness index are larger for the 1000-m DEMs compared with the 100-m DEMs. Most of the differences between the 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs can be attributed to terrain-discretization effects in the computation of the topographic characteristics and are not the result of smoothing or loss of terrain detail in the coarse data. In general, the terrain-discretization effects are greatest on flat terrain with long length-scale features, and the smoothing effects are greatest on steep terrain with short length-scale features. For the most part, the differences in the average values of the topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs are predictable; that is, biases in the mean values for the characteristics computed from a 1000-m DEM can be corrected with simple linear equations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Wolock, D., and McCabe, G., 2000, Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 6, p. 987-1002, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A.","startPage":"987","endPage":"1002","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479339,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::aid-hyp980>3.0.co;2-a","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"id":230446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f2e4b0c8380cd4f9e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022199,"text":"70022199 - 2000 - Identifying the usage patterns of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates in gasoline using gasoline surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022199","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identifying the usage patterns of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates in gasoline using gasoline surveys","docAbstract":"Data on the volumes of oxygenates and other compounds in gasoline are available from several sources collectively referred as gasoline surveys. The gasoline surveys provide the most definitive knowledge of which oxygenate, if any, and what volumes of that oxygenate are being used in various areas of the country. This information is important in water-quality assessments for relating the detection of MTBE in water to patterns of usage of MTBE in gasoline. General information on three surveys that have been conducted by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, and the EPA was presented. The samples were tested for physical properties and constituents including octane number, specific gravity, and volumes of olefins, aromatics, benzene, alcohols, and various ether oxygenates. The data in each survey had its own utility based on the type of assessment that is undertaken. Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Using NAWQA data, the percent occurrence of MTBE in ground water in metropolitan areas that use substantial amounts of MTBE (> 5% by vol) was ??? 21%, compared to ??? 2% in areas that do not use substantial amounts of MTBE (< 5% by vol). When several other factors are considered in a logistic regression model including MTBE usage in RFG or OXY gasoline areas (??? 3% by vol) as a factor, a 4-6 fold increase in the detection frequency of MTBE in ground water was found when compared to areas that do not use MTBE or use it only for octane enhancement (< 3% by vol).","largerWorkTitle":"ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts","conferenceTitle":"220th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Wastington, DC","language":"English","issn":"00657727","usgsCitation":"Moran, M., Clawges, R., and Zogorski, J., 2000, Identifying the usage patterns of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates in gasoline using gasoline surveys, <i>in</i> ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, v. 40, no. 2, Wastington, DC, 20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000, p. 209-213.","startPage":"209","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a385be4b0c8380cd6153c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clawges, R.M.","contributorId":24779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022174,"text":"70022174 - 2000 - Landscape-based spatially explicit species index models for everglades restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:13:20.824443","indexId":"70022174","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape-based spatially explicit species index models for everglades restoration","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of the effort to restore the ∼10 000-km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;Everglades drainage in southern Florida, USA, we developed spatially explicit species index (SESI) models of a number of species and species groups. In this paper we describe the methodology and results of three such models: those for the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow and the Snail Kite, and the species group model of long-legged wading birds. SESI models are designed to produce relative comparisons of one management alternative to a base scenario or to another alternative. The model outputs do not provide an exact quantitative prediction of future biotic group responses, but rather, when applying the same input data and different hydrologic plans, the models provide the best available means to compare the relative response of the biotic groups. We compared four alternative hydrologic management scenarios to a base scenario (i.e., predicted conditions assuming that current water management practices continue). We ranked the results of the comparisons for each set of models. No one scenario was beneficial to all species; however, they provide a uniform assessment, based on the best available observational information, of relative species responses to alternative water-management plans. As such, these models were used extensively in the restoration planning.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1849:LBSESI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Curnutt, J.L., Comiskey, J., Nott, M., and Gross, L., 2000, Landscape-based spatially explicit species index models for everglades restoration: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1849-1860, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1849:LBSESI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1849","endPage":"1860","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n  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L.","contributorId":97845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curnutt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comiskey, J.","contributorId":54758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comiskey","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nott, M.P.","contributorId":78677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nott","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, L.J.","contributorId":65030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022173,"text":"70022173 - 2000 - Sensitivity of species habitat-relationship model performance to factors of scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:22:51.409561","indexId":"70022173","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of species habitat-relationship model performance to factors of scale","docAbstract":"Researchers have come to different conclusions about the usefulness of habitat-relationship models for predicting species presence or absence. This difference frequently stems from a failure to recognize the effects of spatial scales at which the models are applied. We examined the effects of model complexity, spatial data resolution, and scale of application on the performance of bird habitat relationship (BHR) models on the Craig Mountain Wildlife Management Area and on the Idaho portion of the U.S. Forest Service's Northern Region. We constructed and tested BHR models for 60 bird species detected on the study areas. The models varied by three levels of complexity (amount of habitat information) and three spatial data resolutions (0.09 ha, 4 ha, 10 ha). We tested these models at two levels of analysis: the site level (a homogeneous area <0.5 ha) and cover-type level (an aggregation of many similar sites of a similar land-cover type), using correspondence between model predictions and species detections to calculate kappa coefficients of agreement. Model performance initially increased as models became more complex until a point was reached where omission errors increased at a rate greater than the rate at which commission errors were decreasing. Heterogeneity of the study areas appeared to influence the effect of model complexity. Changes in model complexity resulted in a greater decrease in commission error than increase in omission error. The effect of Spatial data resolution on the performance of BHR models was influenced by the variability of the study area. BHR models performed better at cover-type levels of analysis than at the site level for both study areas. Correct-presence estimates (1 - minus percentage omission error) decreased slightly as number of species detections increased on each study area. Correct-absence estimates (1 - percentage commission error) increased as number of species detections increased on each study area. This suggests that a large number of detections may be necessary to achieve reliable estimates of model accuracy.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1690:SOSHRM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Karl, J., Heglund, P., Garton, E., Scott, J.M., Wright, N., and Hutto, R., 2000, Sensitivity of species habitat-relationship model performance to factors of scale: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1690-1705, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1690:SOSHRM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1690","endPage":"1705","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Craig Mountain Wildlife Management Area, U.S. Forest Service's Northern Region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.96594238281249,\n              46.08085173686784\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.73316955566405,\n              46.08085173686784\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.73316955566405,\n              46.17555135819994\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.96594238281249,\n              46.17555135819994\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.96594238281249,\n              46.08085173686784\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              46.41513877649199\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.312744140625,\n              46.475699386607516\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.268798828125,\n              46.604167162931844\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.36767578124999,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.576416015625,\n              46.70973594407157\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.30151367187501,\n              47.27177506640828\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.49926757812499,\n              47.338822694822\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.631103515625,\n              47.60616304386874\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.04858398437499,\n              48.026672195436014\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.026611328125,\n              49.01625665778159\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              46.41513877649199\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d34e4b08c986b3182d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, J.W.","contributorId":63978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garton, E.O.","contributorId":17945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garton","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, N.M.","contributorId":72149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutto, R.L.","contributorId":29347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutto","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022171,"text":"70022171 - 2000 - Using an analytical geometry method to improve tiltmeter data presentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T16:08:57.143452","indexId":"70022171","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using an analytical geometry method to improve tiltmeter data presentation","docAbstract":"The tiltmeter is a useful tool for geologic and geotechnical applications. To obtain full benefit from the tiltmeter, easy and accurate data presentations should be used. Unfortunately, the most commonly used method for tilt data reduction now may yield inaccurate and low-resolution results. This article describes a simple, accurate, and high-resolution approach developed at the Illinois State Geological Survey for data reduction and presentation. The orientation of tiltplates is determined first by using a trigonometric relationship, followed by a matrix transformation, to obtain the true amount of rotation change of the tiltplate at any given time. The mathematical derivations used for the determination and transformation are then coded into an integrated PC application by adapting the capabilities of commercial spreadsheet, database, and graphics software. Examples of data presentation from tiltmeter applications in studies of landfill covers, characterizations of mine subsidence, and investigations of slope stability are also discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.6.3.227","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Su, W., 2000, Using an analytical geometry method to improve tiltmeter data presentation: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 6, no. 3, p. 227-245, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.6.3.227.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc02ee4b08c986b329f96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Wen-June","contributorId":42719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"Wen-June","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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