{"pageNumber":"117","pageRowStart":"2900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":70135781,"text":"ofr20141153 - 2016 - Collaborative Studies for Mercury Characterization in Coal and Coal Combustion Products, Republic of South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T07:42:43","indexId":"ofr20141153","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-17T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1153","title":"Collaborative Studies for Mercury Characterization in Coal and Coal Combustion Products, Republic of South Africa","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury (Hg) analyses were obtained for 42 samples of feed coal provided by Eskom, the national electric utility of South Africa, representing all 13 coal-fired power stations operated by Eskom in South Africa. This sampling includes results for three older power stations returned to service starting in the late 2000s. These stations were not sampled in the most recent previous study. Mercury concentrations determined in the present study are similar to or slightly lower than those previously reported, and input Hg for the three stations returned to service is comparable to that for the other 10 power stations. Determination of halogen contents of the 42 feed coals confirms that chlorine contents are generally low, and as such, the extent of Hg self-capture by particulate control devices (PCDs) is rather limited. Eight density separates of a South African Highveld (#4) coal were also provided by Eskom, and these show a strong mineralogical association of Hg (and arsenic) with pyrite. The density separates were used to predict Hg and ash contents of coal products used in South Africa or exported. A suite of 48 paired samples of pulverization-mill feed coal and fly ash collected in a previous (2010) United Nations Environment Programme-sponsored study of emissions from the Duvha and Kendal power stations was obtained for further investigation in the present study. These samples show that in each station, Hg capture varies by boiler unit and confirms that units equipped with fabric filters for air pollution control are much more effective in capturing Hg than those equipped with electrostatic precipitators. Apart from tracking the performance of PCDs individually, changes resulting in improved mercury capture of the Eskom fleet are discussed. These include Hg reduction through coal selection and washing, as well as through optimization of equipment and operational parameters. Operational changes leading to increased mercury capture include increasing mercury adsorption on unburned carbon and minimizing the concentration of sulfuric acid vapor in the flue gas. Equipment options for improving Hg capture include addition of fabric filters, use of halogenated sorbents, and addition of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers, listed in order of increasing cost. The capital cost of adding FGD scrubbers to existing plants is probably too high to be justified on the grounds of Hg removal alone. However, if future regulations require reductions in sulfur dioxide emissions, and FGDs are installed to meet these standards, further reduction in Hg emissions will be a co-benefit of this installation.</p><p>In this revised version, corrected results for the suite of 42 samples of feed coal and 8 density separates determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) replace results originally reported in the 2014 version of this report. In many cases, especially for the transition metals, values reported here are lower than those originally reported, and in some cases, the corrected results are less than 50 percent of their original values. Note that results for mercury (Hg) and halogens contained in the original report are unaffected by revisions to ICP-MS data included here. This revised version also includes the following updates: (1) data for selenium, which were not available for inclusion in the original publication, are now provided; (2) results for ICP-MS trace element data are expressed here on a whole-coal dry basis to facilitate comparison with published results for coals elsewhere; and (3) the text has been updated to take into account the U.S. Supreme Court decision of June 29, 2015, which puts on hold implementation of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Mercury and Air Toxics Standards in the United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141153","usgsCitation":"Kolker, Allan, Senior, C.L., and van Alphen, Chris, 2014, Collaborative studies for mercury characterization in coal and coal combustion products, Republic of South Africa (ver. 2.0, May 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1153, 47 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141153.","productDescription":"ix, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055869","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296735,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1153/pdf/ofr20141153.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2014-1153"},{"id":296736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1153/images/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":296734,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1153/index.html","description":"OFR 2014-1153"},{"id":321863,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1153/versionHist.txt","size":"1.60 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2014-1153"}],"country":"South Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              16.32568359375,\n              -34.92197103616377\n            ],\n            [\n              16.32568359375,\n              -22.12635475991967\n            ],\n            [\n              33.02490234375,\n              -22.12635475991967\n            ],\n            [\n              33.02490234375,\n              -34.92197103616377\n            ],\n            [\n              16.32568359375,\n              -34.92197103616377\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted December 15, 2014; Version 2.0 May 31, 2016","contact":"<p>Director, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 956 National Center<br> 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br> Reston, VA 20192 <br> <a href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/\">http://energy.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Executive Summary</li>\n<li>1. Introduction&nbsp;</li>\n<li>2. Feed Coals&nbsp;</li>\n<li>3. Density Separates of Highveld (#4) Coal</li>\n<li>4. Supplemental Results for Duvha and Kendal Power Stations</li>\n<li>5. Discussion</li>\n<li>6. Conclusions&nbsp;</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix 1. Analytical Quality Assurance and Inter-laboratory Comparisons</li>\n</ul>","publishedDate":"2014-12-15","revisedDate":"2016-05-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492a92fe4b00eda8915acf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senior, Constance L.","contributorId":131002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senior","given":"Constance","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7205,"text":"ADA-ES, Inc. Littleton, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Alphen, Chris","contributorId":131003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Alphen","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7206,"text":"Eskom Holdings, Ltd. South Africa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178684,"text":"70178684 - 2016 - New insights into debris-flow hazards from an extraordinary event in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T12:13:11","indexId":"70178684","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights into debris-flow hazards from an extraordinary event in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"Rainfall on 9–13 September 2013 triggered at least 1,138 debris flows in a 3430 km2 area of the Colorado Front Range. The historical record reveals that the occurrence of these flows over such a large area in the interior of North America is highly unusual. Rainfall that triggered the debris flows began after ~75 mm of antecedent rain had fallen, a relatively low amount compared to other parts of the United States. Most flows were triggered in response to two intense rainfall periods, one 12.5-hour-long period on 11–12 September, and one 8-hour-long period on 12 September. The maximum 10 min. intensities during these periods were 67 and 39 mm/hr. Ninety-five percent of flows initiated in canyons and on hogbacks at elevations lower than a widespread erosion surface of low slope and relief (<2600 m). These flows were on steep (>25°), predominantly south- and east-facing slopes with upslope contributing areas <3300 m2. Flows with the largest scars and longest travel distances occurred at elevations above 2600 m on steep slopes with contributing areas >3300 m2. Areal concentrations of debris flows revealed that colluvial soils formed on sedimentary rocks were more susceptible to flows than soils on crystalline rocks. This event should serve as an alert to government authorities, emergency responders, and residents in the Front Range and other interior continental areas with steep slopes. Widespread debris flows in these areas occur infrequently but may pose a greater risk than in areas with shorter return periods, because the public is typically unprepared for them.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GSATG214A.1","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., Kean, J.W., Godt, J.W., Baum, R.L., Jones, E.S., Gochis, D., and Anderson, G.S., 2016, New insights into debris-flow hazards from an extraordinary event in the Colorado Front Range: GSA Today, v. 24, no. 10, p. 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG214A.1.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-056791","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wyoming ","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Front Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.96337890625,\n              41.49212083968776\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.27099609375,\n              42.439674178149424\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.655517578125,\n              42.512601715736665\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.06201171875,\n              42.46399280017058\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.79809570312499,\n              42.31793945446847\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.05078125,\n              42.17968819665961\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.369384765625,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.68798828125,\n              41.393294288784865\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.720947265625,\n              41.00477542222947\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.611083984375,\n              40.47202439692057\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.64404296875,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.918701171875,\n              39.470125122358176\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.907958984375,\n              38.324420427006544\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.424560546875,\n              37.94419750075404\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.54541015625,\n              37.36142550190517\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.58935546875,\n              37.24782120155428\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.435791015625,\n              37.16907157713011\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.040283203125,\n              37.15156050223665\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.74365234375,\n              37.735969208590504\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.490966796875,\n              38.298559092254344\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.47998046875,\n              38.92522904714054\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.96337890625,\n              41.49212083968776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584296d8e4b04fc80e518e3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, Eric S. 0000-0002-9200-8442 esjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-8442","contributorId":4924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Eric","email":"esjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gochis, David","contributorId":152455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gochis","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6648,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, Gregory S","contributorId":177146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70173419,"text":"70173419 - 2016 - First record of the bigeye shiner (<i>Notropis boops</i>) from West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T16:32:58","indexId":"70173419","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First record of the bigeye shiner (<i>Notropis boops</i>) from West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">We report a population of Bigeye Shiner <i>Notropis boops</i> in the South Fork Hughes River drainage of the Little Kanawha River, West Virginia. A total of 27 individuals of <i>N. boops</i> were collected during five sampling efforts from 1999 to 2005. These specimens represent an addition to the state fauna, a distributional record for the Little Kanawha River, and an eastern range extension for this species on the Appalachian Plateau, West Virginia. <i>Notropis boops</i> in the South Fork Hughes River drainage likely represents a native population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-172.2.372","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., Cincotta, D.A., and Raesly, R.L., 2016, First record of the bigeye shiner (<i>Notropis boops</i>) from West Virginia: American Midland Naturalist, v. 172, no. 2, p. 373-375, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-172.2.372.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"375","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053142","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Little Kanawha River, South Fork Hughes River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.5570068359375,\n              38.76693348394693\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5570068359375,\n              39.296048244024085\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.870361328125,\n              39.296048244024085\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.870361328125,\n              38.76693348394693\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5570068359375,\n              38.76693348394693\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"172","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913bae4b07657d19ff059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cincotta, Daniel A.","contributorId":172052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cincotta","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raesly, Richard L.","contributorId":172208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raesly","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13481,"text":"Department of Biology, Frostburg State University, 101 Braddock Road, Frostburg, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045254,"text":"ds760 - 2016 - Geophysical log database for the Floridan aquifer system and southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama,  and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-22T23:06:15.14091","indexId":"ds760","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"760","title":"Geophysical log database for the Floridan aquifer system and southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama,  and South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>A database of borehole geophysical logs and other types of data files were compiled as part of ongoing studies of water availability and assessment of brackish- and saline-water resources. The database contains 4,883 logs from 1,248 wells in Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, and from a limited number of offshore wells of the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The logs can be accessed through a download directory organized by state and county for onshore wells and in a single directory for the offshore wells. A flat file database is provided that lists the wells, their coordinates, and the file listings.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds760","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Williams, L.J., Raines, J.E., and Lanning, A.E., 2016, Geophysical log database for the Floridan aquifer system and southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, \nand South Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 760, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds760.","productDescription":"Report: v, 12 p.; Geophysical Log Database; List of Wells in Database; List of Files in Database; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/"},{"id":270573,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_WellListRevision1.xls","text":"List of Wells (Excel)","size":"475 KB"},{"id":270570,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/pdf/ds760.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 760"},{"id":270574,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads","text":"State Data Files"},{"id":270575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/images/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":331292,"rank":9,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/versionHist.txt","size":"3.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":331324,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_WellListRevision1.csv","text":"List of Wells (CSV)","size":"189 KB"},{"id":331302,"rank":10,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/Readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":270572,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_FileListRevision1.xls","text":"List of Files (Excel)","size":"1.69 MB"},{"id":331323,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_FileListRevision1.csv","text":"List of Files (CSV)","size":"882 MB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.0,24.0 ], [ -89.0,34.0 ], [ -79.0,34.0 ], [ -79.0,24.0 ], [ -89.0,24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted April 4, 2013; Version 1.1: December 30, 2016","contact":"<p>Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey <br> 720 Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210 <br> <a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic//\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic//\">http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Geophysical Log Database</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2013-04-04","revisedDate":"2016-12-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515e92f4e4b088aa2258091a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Lester J. lesterw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lester","email":"lesterw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raines, Jessica E.","contributorId":17111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanning, Amanda E.","contributorId":61310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanning","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70147329,"text":"sir20155066 - 2015 - Preliminary methodology to assess the national and regional impact of U.S. wind energy development on birds and bats","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147329,"text":"sir20155066 - 2015 - Preliminary methodology to assess the national and regional impact of U.S. wind energy development on birds and bats","indexId":"sir20155066","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary methodology to assess the national and regional impact of U.S. wind energy development on birds and bats"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70200937,"text":"sir20185157 - 2019 - A Methodology to Assess the National and Regional Impacts of U.S. Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats","indexId":"sir20185157","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"A Methodology to Assess the National and Regional Impacts of U.S. Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70200937,"text":"sir20185157 - 2019 - A Methodology to Assess the National and Regional Impacts of U.S. Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats","indexId":"sir20185157","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"A Methodology to Assess the National and Regional Impacts of U.S. Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T13:11:00","indexId":"sir20155066","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-23T14:11:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5066","title":"Preliminary methodology to assess the national and regional impact of U.S. wind energy development on birds and bats","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a methodology to assess the impacts of wind energy development on wildlife; it is a probabilistic, quantitative assessment methodology that can communicate to decision makers and the public the magnitude of these effects on species populations. The methodology is currently applicable to birds and bats, focuses primarily on the effects of collisions, and can be applied to any species that breeds in, migrates through, or otherwise uses any part of the United States. The methodology is intended to assess species at the national scale and is fundamentally different from existing methods focusing on impacts at individual facilities.</p>\n<p>Publicly available fatality information, population estimates, species range maps, turbine location data, biological characteristics, and generic population models are used to generate both a ranked list of species based on relative risk as well as quantitative measures of the magnitude of the effect on species' population trend and size. Three metrics are combined to determine direct and indirect relative risk to populations. A generic population model is used to estimate the expected change in population trend and includes additive mortality from collisions with wind turbines. Lastly, the methodology uses observed fatalities and an estimate of potential biological removal to assess the risk of a decline in population size. Data for six bird species have been processed through the entire methodology as a test case, and the results are presented in this report.</p>\n<p>Components of the methodology are based on simplifying assumptions and require information that, for many species, may be sparse or unreliable. These assumptions are presented in the report and should be carefully considered when using output from the methodology. In addition, this methodology can be used to recommend species for more intensive demographic modeling or highlight those species that may not require any additional protection because effects of wind energy development on their populations are projected to be small.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155066","usgsCitation":"Diffendorfer, J., Beston, J.A., Merrill, M., Stanton, J.C., Corum, M., Loss, S., Thogmartin, W.E., Johnson, D.H., Erickson, R.A., and Heist, K.W., 2015, Preliminary methodology to assess the national and regional impact of U.S. wind energy development on birds and bats: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5066, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155066.","productDescription":"51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063536","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155066.jpg"},{"id":300384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5066/"},{"id":300385,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5066/pdf/sir2015-5066.pdf","size":"1.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.78320312499999,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.185546875,\n              49.06666839558117\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.09765625,\n              49.439556958940855\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7900390625,\n              49.38237278700955\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.482421875,\n              48.8936153614802\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8671875,\n              48.719961222646276\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1201171875,\n              48.66194284607008\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.900390625,\n              48.66194284607008\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5048828125,\n              48.42920055556841\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.58203125,\n              48.25394114463431\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14257812499999,\n              48.19538740833338\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              48.22467264956519\n            ],\n            [\n              -90,\n              48.19538740833338\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.56054687499999,\n              48.07807894349862\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6044921875,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2744140625,\n              47.338822694822\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.0654296875,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.966796875,\n              46.9502622421856\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.8349609375,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              46.649436163350245\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.736328125,\n              46.830133640447386\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.2529296875,\n              46.830133640447386\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.3740234375,\n              47.39834920035926\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7587890625,\n              47.487513008956554\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5830078125,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.6162109375,\n              46.800059446787316\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.4736328125,\n              46.800059446787316\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.462890625,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0673828125,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.935546875,\n              45.98169518512228\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.375,\n              45.73685954736049\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1220703125,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.0009765625,\n              45.98169518512228\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.5283203125,\n              45.706179285330855\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9677734375,\n              45.24395342262324\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.1875,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5830078125,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7587890625,\n              43.54854811091288\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7587890625,\n              42.42345651793833\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.451171875,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.7041015625,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.30859375,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.30859375,\n              43.35713822211053\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.4404296875,\n              44.11914151643737\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.8251953125,\n              44.96479793033104\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.20996093749999,\n              45.336701909968106\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.0341796875,\n              45.67548217560647\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              45.398449976304086\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.232421875,\n              45.058001435398296\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.27636718749999,\n              44.43377984606825\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.935546875,\n              44.08758502824518\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.6279296875,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1005859375,\n              44.08758502824518\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5732421875,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.79296874999999,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14453125,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14453125,\n              41.73852846935917\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.529296875,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4306640625,\n              41.64007838467894\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2880859375,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1455078125,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.662109375,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.5302734375,\n              43.42100882994726\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0361328125,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46484375,\n              43.45291889355465\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.201171875,\n              43.866218006556394\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9814453125,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1025390625,\n              45.120052841530516\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.3232421875,\n              45.120052841530516\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.9716796875,\n              45.49094569262732\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.3564453125,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.1806640625,\n              46.52863469527167\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.2578125,\n              47.517200697839414\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.90625,\n              47.249406957888446\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.2470703125,\n              47.39834920035926\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.8076171875,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.8515625,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.412109375,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.4560546875,\n              45.1510532655634\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.060546875,\n              44.96479793033104\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.060546875,\n              44.84029065139799\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.3349609375,\n              44.24519901522129\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.994140625,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9169921875,\n              43.8028187190472\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7080078125,\n              42.779275360241904\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.751953125,\n              42.261049162113856\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.13671875,\n              42.09822241118974\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8291015625,\n              41.80407814427237\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.13671875,\n              41.21172151054787\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.9716796875,\n              41.409775832009565\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6748046875,\n              41.11246878918086\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.2021484375,\n              40.979898069620155\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.0810546875,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.65234375,\n              40.51379915504413\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.1357421875,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.5751953125,\n              39.06184913429154\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0146484375,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5859375,\n              37.54457732085582\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9375,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5419921875,\n              36.13787471840729\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.8056640625,\n              35.42486791930558\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.6845703125,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.431640625,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.95898437499999,\n              34.052659421375964\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0029296875,\n              33.7243396617476\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              33.61461929233378\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.3212890625,\n              33.02708758002874\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              32.62087018318113\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              31.87755764334002\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2548828125,\n              31.203404950917395\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2548828125,\n              29.53522956294847\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              28.536274512989916\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37597656249999,\n              27.488781168937997\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7607421875,\n              26.391869671769022\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              25.760319754713887\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.244140625,\n              25.20494115356912\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              24.367113562651276\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.408203125,\n              24.367113562651276\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.232421875,\n              25.005972656239187\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82617187499999,\n              25.085598897064777\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9580078125,\n              25.760319754713887\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0458984375,\n              26.62781822639305\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.4853515625,\n              27.254629577800088\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.79296874999999,\n              27.877928333679495\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.79296874999999,\n              28.420391085674304\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96875,\n              29.113775395114416\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.408203125,\n              29.611670115197377\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0234375,\n              29.954934549656144\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.6826171875,\n              29.649868677972304\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.3857421875,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.4404296875,\n              30.41078179084589\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              30.221101852485987\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.1982421875,\n              30.486550842588485\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.47265625,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.681640625,\n              29.036960648558267\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9560546875,\n              29.22889003019423\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7470703125,\n              29.267232865200878\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8017578125,\n              29.420460341013133\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7685546875,\n              29.57345707301757\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.1748046875,\n              29.53522956294847\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.00976562499999,\n              29.305561325527698\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.3720703125,\n              28.459033019728043\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0751953125,\n              27.488781168937997\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.470703125,\n              27.01998400798257\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.03125,\n              25.918526162075153\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.470703125,\n              25.997549919572112\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.2177734375,\n              25.997549919572112\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.8330078125,\n              26.352497858154\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.4482421875,\n              26.745610382199022\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.755859375,\n              27.371767300523047\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.1513671875,\n              28.14950321154457\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.8544921875,\n              29.113775395114416\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.6015625,\n              29.649868677972304\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.48046875,\n              29.878755346037977\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.87597656249999,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.18359375,\n              28.998531814051795\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.7216796875,\n              29.649868677972304\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.94140625,\n              30.221101852485987\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.77636718749999,\n              31.015278981711266\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.74316406249999,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.6220703125,\n              31.690781806136822\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.1494140625,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9169921875,\n              32.509761735919426\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9169921875,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.333984375,\n              32.509761735919426\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3779296875,\n              33.17434155100208\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3447265625,\n              33.7243396617476\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91601562499999,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              34.27083595165\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.7177734375,\n              34.66935854524543\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.76171875,\n              35.28150065789119\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6953125,\n              37.474858084971046\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.662109375,\n              38.685509760012\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.01367187499999,\n              39.605688178320804\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.4091796875,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.18945312500001,\n              41.11246878918086\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.49707031249999,\n              42.68243539838623\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.62890625,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.18945312500001,\n              44.74673324024678\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96972656249999,\n              46.40756396630067\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.45312499999999,\n              47.69497434186282\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.93652343749999,\n              48.42920055556841\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.53027343749999,\n              48.1367666796927\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              48.10743118848039\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78320312499999,\n              48.8936153614802\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78320312499999,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5555b934e4b0a92fa7e9512c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beston, Julie A. jbeston@usgs.gov","contributorId":5673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beston","given":"Julie","email":"jbeston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":140138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanton, Jessica C. 0000-0002-6225-3703 jcstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-3703","contributorId":5634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jessica","email":"jcstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corum, M.D. 0000-0002-9038-3935 mcorum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-3935","contributorId":2249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","email":"mcorum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loss, Scott R.","contributorId":140471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loss","given":"Scott R.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Heist, Kevin W.","contributorId":83040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heist","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70189615,"text":"70189615 - 2015 - The 2014 Mw6.1 South Napa Earthquake: A unilateral rupture with shallow asperity and rapid afterslip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T09:33:52","indexId":"70189615","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2014 Mw6.1 South Napa Earthquake: A unilateral rupture with shallow asperity and rapid afterslip","docAbstract":"<p>The M<sub>w</sub>6.1 South Napa earthquake occurred near Napa, California on August 24, 2014 (UTC), and was the largest inland earthquake in Northern California since the 1989 M<sub>w</sub>6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake. The first report of the earthquake from the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC) indicates a hypocentral depth of 11.0km with longitude and latitude of (122.3105°W, 38.217°N). Surface rupture was documented by field observations and Lidar imaging (Brooks et al. 2014; Hudnut et al. 2014; Brocher et al., 2015), with about 12 km of continuous rupture starting near the epicenter and extending to the northwest. The southern part of the rupture is relatively straight, but the strike changes by about 15° at the northern end over a 6-km segment. The peak dextral offset was observed near the Buhman residence with right-.‐lateral motion of 46 cm, near the location where the strike of fault begins to rotate clock-.‐wise (Hudnut et al., 2014). The earthquake was well recorded by the strong motion network operated by the NCEDC, the California Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). There are about 12 sites within an epicentral distance of 15km, with relatively good azimuthal coverage (Fig.1). The largest peak-ground-velocity (PGV) of nearly 100 cm/s was observed on station 1765, which is the closest station to the rupture and lies about 3 km east of the northern segment (Fig. 1). The ground deformation associated with the earthquake was also well recorded by the high-resolution COSMO-SkyMed satellite and Sentinel-1A satellite, providing independent static observations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220140249","usgsCitation":"Wei, S., Barbot, S., Graves, R., Lienkaemper, J.J., Wang, T., Hudnut, K.W., Fu, Y., and Helmberger, D., 2015, The 2014 Mw6.1 South Napa Earthquake: A unilateral rupture with shallow asperity and rapid afterslip: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 2A, p. 344-354, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140249.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"354","ipdsId":"IP-061960","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140249","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.0833,\n              38.01667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0167,\n               38.01667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0167,\n              38.08333\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0833,\n              38.08333\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0833,\n              38.01667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb8e4b0d1f9f065a8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wei, Shengji","contributorId":192953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Shengji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbot, Sylvain","contributorId":194835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbot","given":"Sylvain","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graves, Robert 0000-0001-9758-453X rwgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":140738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Teng","contributorId":156235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Teng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fu, Yuning","contributorId":194836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Yuning","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Helmberger, Don","contributorId":192954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helmberger","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70154785,"text":"70154785 - 2015 - Reconnaissance stratigraphic studies in the Susitna basin, Alaska, during the 2014 field season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-01T13:17:22.769452","indexId":"70154785","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Reconnaissance stratigraphic studies in the Susitna basin, Alaska, during the 2014 field season","docAbstract":"<p>The Susitna basin is a poorly-understood Cenozoic successor basin immediately north of Cook Inlet in south-central Alaska (Kirschner, 1994). The basin is bounded by the Castle Mountain fault and Cook Inlet basin on the south, the Talkeetna Mountains on the east, the Alaska Range on the north, and the Alaska–Aleutian Range on the west (fig. 2-1). The Cenozoic fill of the basin includes coal-bearing nonmarine rocks that are partly correlative with Paleogene strata in the Matanuska Valley and Paleogene and Neogene formations in Cook Inlet (Stanley and others, 2013, 2014). Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are present in widely-scattered uplifts in and around the margins of the basin; these rocks differ significantly from Mesozoic rocks in the forearc basin to the south. Mesozoic strata in the Susitna region were likely part of a remnant ocean basin that preceded the nonmarine Cenozoic basin (Trop and Ridgway, 2007). The presence of coal-bearing strata similar to units that are proven source rocks for microbial gas in Cook Inlet (Claypool and others, 1980) suggests the possibility of a similar system in the Susitna basin (Decker and others, 2012). In 2011 the Alaska Division of Geological &amp; Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) and Alaska Division of Oil and Gas, in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey, initiated a study of the gas potential of the Susitna basin (Gillis and others, 2013). This report presents a preliminary summary of the results from 14 days of helicopter-supported field work completed in the basin in August 2014. The goals of this work were to continue the reconnaissance stratigraphic work begun in 2011 aimed at understanding reservoir and seal potential of Tertiary strata, characterize the gas source potential of coals, and examine Mesozoic strata for source and reservoir potential</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/29466","usgsCitation":"LePain, D., Stanley, R.G., Harun, N.T., Helmold, K.P., and Tsigonis, R., 2015, Reconnaissance stratigraphic studies in the Susitna basin, Alaska, during the 2014 field season, 6 p, https://doi.org/10.14509/29466.","productDescription":"6 p","startPage":"5","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-061216","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471485,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29466","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Susitna Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.40234375,\n              60.413852350464914\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.67724609375,\n              60.65164736580912\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.72119140625003,\n              60.81278083236677\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.10595703125,\n              60.98376689595987\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.9521484375,\n              61.079544234557304\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.7763671875,\n              61.12201916813024\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.96337890624997,\n              61.21737938763191\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.87548828125,\n              61.344078401953915\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.99658203124997,\n              61.62728646147466\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.8759765625,\n              61.78351338713719\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.32666015625,\n              61.99058773620413\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.52490234375,\n              63.174193604205065\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.44775390625,\n              63.450509218001066\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.50244140625,\n              63.48976680530999\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.798828125,\n              63.548552232036414\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.22705078125,\n              63.381678693029855\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.259765625,\n              63.30281270313518\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.27050781249997,\n              63.14443090047572\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.34716796874997,\n              62.784887782399174\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.0283203125,\n              62.54272737585266\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.68749999999997,\n              62.144976037540424\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.599609375,\n              61.48075950007598\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.22607421875,\n              60.823494332539646\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.423828125,\n              60.359564131824236\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.9951171875,\n              60.02095215374802\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.62158203125003,\n              59.74532608213611\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.08349609375,\n              59.489726035537075\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.81982421875,\n              59.767460350053554\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.46826171875,\n              60.11961885993203\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.40234375,\n              60.413852350464914\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910aee4b0764e6c5e886c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LePain, David L.","contributorId":105209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LePain","given":"David L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harun, Nina T.","contributorId":145474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harun","given":"Nina","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helmold, Kenneth P.","contributorId":69456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmold","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsigonis, Rebekah","contributorId":145473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsigonis","given":"Rebekah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70155030,"text":"70155030 - 2015 - Geomorphology, active tectonics, and landscape evolution in the Mid-Atlantic region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T22:48:33.740294","indexId":"70155030","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geomorphology, active tectonics, and landscape evolution in the Mid-Atlantic region","docAbstract":"<p>In 2014, the geomorphology community marked the 125th birthday of one of its most influential papers, “The Rivers and Valleys of Pennsylvania” by William Morris Davis. Inspired by Davis’s work, the Appalachian landscape rapidly became fertile ground for the development and testing of several grand landscape evolution paradigms, culminating with John Hack’s dynamic equilibrium in 1960. As part of the 2015 GSA Annual Meeting, the Geomorphology, Active Tectonics, and Landscape Evolution field trip offers an excellent venue for exploring Appalachian geomorphology through the lens of the Appalachian landscape, leveraging exciting research by a new generation of process-oriented geomorphologists and geologic field mapping. Important geomorphologic scholarship has recently used the Appalachian landscape as the testing ground for ideas on long- and short-term erosion, dynamic topography, glacial-isostatic adjustments, active tectonics in an intraplate setting, river incision, periglacial processes, and soil-saprolite formation. </p><p>This field trip explores a geologic and geomorphic transect of the mid-Atlantic margin, starting in the Blue Ridge of Virginia and proceeding to the east across the Piedmont to the Coastal Plain. The emphasis here will not only be on the geomorphology, but also the underlying geology that establishes the template and foundation upon which surface processes have etched out the familiar Appalachian landscape. The first day focuses on new and published work that highlights Cenozoic sedimentary deposits, soils, paleosols, and geomorphic markers (terraces and knickpoints) that are being used to reconstruct a late Cenozoic history of erosion, deposition, climate change, and active tectonics. The second day is similarly devoted to new and&nbsp;published work documenting the fluvial geomorphic response to active tectonics in the Central Virginia seismic zone (CVSZ), site of the 2011 M 5.8 Mineral earthquake and the integrated record of Appalachian erosion preserved on the Coastal Plain. The trip concludes on Day 3, joining the Kirk Bryan Field Trip at Great Falls, Virginia/ Maryland, to explore and discuss the dramatic processes of base-level fall, fluvial incision, and knickpoint retreat.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Field Guides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"Pazzaglia, F.J., Carter, M.W., Berti, C., Counts, R.C., Hancock, G.S., Harbor, D., Harrison, R., Heller, M., Mahan, S.A., Malenda, H., McKeon, R., Nelson, M., Prince, P., Rittenour, T.M., Spotilla, J., and Whittecar, G.R., 2015, Geomorphology, active tectonics, and landscape evolution in the Mid-Atlantic region, chap. <i>of</i> GSA Field Guides, v. 40, p. 109-169.","productDescription":"61 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"169","ipdsId":"IP-065614","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.973607,37.835817],[-75.971705,37.830928],[-75.977301,37.825821],[-75.982158,37.806226],[-75.987301,37.804917],[-75.9983,37.812626],[-75.999658,37.848198],[-75.992556,37.848889],[-75.988018,37.841085],[-75.973607,37.835817]]],[[[-76.029405,37.953776],[-75.994739,37.953501],[-76.017592,37.935161],[-76.032491,37.915008],[-76.04653,37.953586],[-76.029405,37.953776]]],[[[-75.242266,38.027209],[-75.296871,37.959043],[-75.334296,37.893477],[-75.359036,37.864143],[-75.374642,37.859454],[-75.40054,37.874865],[-75.437868,37.872324],[-75.467951,37.851328],[-75.514921,37.799149],[-75.581333,37.683593],[-75.586136,37.660653],[-75.610808,37.605909],[-75.612237,37.585602],[-75.608123,37.578018],[-75.595716,37.576657],[-75.594044,37.569698],[-75.63337,37.52214],[-75.666178,37.472124],[-75.66179,37.455028],[-75.665957,37.439209],[-75.697914,37.405301],[-75.720739,37.373129],[-75.727335,37.360346],[-75.726691,37.350127],[-75.735829,37.335426],[-75.765401,37.305596],[-75.778817,37.297176],[-75.784634,37.300976],[-75.798448,37.296285],[-75.79083,37.276207],[-75.799343,37.251779],[-75.789929,37.228134],[-75.804446,37.208011],[-75.800755,37.197297],[-75.897298,37.118037],[-75.912308,37.115154],[-75.92552,37.133601],[-75.945872,37.120514],[-75.97043,37.118608],[-75.978083,37.157338],[-76.013071,37.205366],[-76.010535,37.231579],[-76.025753,37.257407],[-76.023664,37.268971],[-76.015507,37.280874],[-76.023475,37.289067],[-76.018645,37.31782],[-76.014251,37.331943],[-75.987122,37.368548],[-75.97997,37.404608],[-75.983105,37.415802],[-75.981624,37.434116],[-75.960877,37.467562],[-75.963326,37.481785],[-75.958966,37.500133],[-75.940318,37.534582],[-75.937665,37.549652],[-75.941182,37.563839],[-75.924756,37.600215],[-75.909586,37.622671],[-75.868481,37.668224],[-75.868355,37.687609],[-75.859262,37.703111],[-75.837685,37.712985],[-75.827922,37.737986],[-75.812155,37.749502],[-75.803041,37.762464],[-75.818125,37.791698],[-75.784599,37.806826],[-75.743097,37.806656],[-75.73588,37.816561],[-75.723224,37.820124],[-75.71659,37.826696],[-75.709114,37.8477],[-75.689837,37.861817],[-75.685293,37.873341],[-75.687584,37.88634],[-75.709626,37.900622],[-75.753048,37.896605],[-75.758796,37.897615],[-75.757694,37.903912],[-75.712065,37.936082],[-75.704318,37.92901],[-75.693942,37.930362],[-75.669711,37.950796],[-75.655681,37.945435],[-75.647606,37.947027],[-75.648229,37.966775],[-75.638221,37.979397],[-75.629532,37.975966],[-75.633712,37.983057],[-75.624342,37.994208],[-75.242266,38.027209]]],[[[-77.041898,38.741514],[-77.041398,38.724515],[-77.045498,38.714315],[-77.053199,38.709915],[-77.079499,38.709515],[-77.1059,38.696815],[-77.132501,38.673816],[-77.135901,38.649817],[-77.1302,38.635017],[-77.157501,38.636417],[-77.174902,38.624217],[-77.202002,38.617217],[-77.216303,38.637817],[-77.240604,38.638917],[-77.246704,38.635217],[-77.247003,38.590618],[-77.26443,38.582845],[-77.26083,38.56533],[-77.276603,38.54712],[-77.276303,38.53962],[-77.283503,38.525221],[-77.310334,38.493926],[-77.322622,38.467131],[-77.32544,38.44885],[-77.310719,38.397669],[-77.317288,38.383576],[-77.296077,38.369797],[-77.279633,38.339444],[-77.265295,38.333165],[-77.240072,38.331598],[-77.162692,38.345994],[-77.138224,38.367917],[-77.08481,38.368297],[-77.069956,38.377895],[-77.056032,38.3962],[-77.043526,38.400548],[-77.011827,38.374554],[-77.016932,38.341697],[-77.030683,38.311623],[-77.026304,38.302685],[-76.99767,38.278047],[-76.981372,38.274214],[-76.96215,38.256486],[-76.957417,38.236341],[-76.967335,38.227185],[-76.962311,38.214075],[-76.937134,38.202384],[-76.910832,38.197073],[-76.875272,38.172207],[-76.838795,38.163476],[-76.788445,38.169199],[-76.760241,38.166581],[-76.743064,38.156988],[-76.738938,38.14651],[-76.721722,38.137635],[-76.704048,38.149264],[-76.701297,38.155718],[-76.684892,38.156497],[-76.665127,38.147638],[-76.643448,38.14825],[-76.629476,38.15305],[-76.613939,38.148587],[-76.604131,38.128771],[-76.600937,38.110084],[-76.579497,38.09487],[-76.543155,38.076971],[-76.535919,38.069532],[-76.516547,38.026566],[-76.469343,38.013544],[-76.462542,37.998572],[-76.416299,37.966828],[-76.343848,37.947345],[-76.265998,37.91138],[-76.236725,37.889174],[-76.251358,37.833072],[-76.275178,37.812664],[-76.282592,37.814109],[-76.284904,37.822308],[-76.293525,37.822717],[-76.307482,37.81235],[-76.310307,37.794849],[-76.306489,37.788646],[-76.312108,37.750522],[-76.304917,37.729913],[-76.312858,37.720338],[-76.300067,37.695364],[-76.302545,37.689],[-76.324808,37.676983],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.332562,37.645817],[-76.292534,37.636098],[-76.279447,37.618225],[-76.28037,37.613715],[-76.309174,37.621892],[-76.36232,37.610368],[-76.381106,37.627003],[-76.390054,37.630326],[-76.399236,37.628636],[-76.472392,37.665772],[-76.489576,37.666201],[-76.497564,37.647056],[-76.510187,37.642324],[-76.536548,37.663574],[-76.537228,37.698892],[-76.560476,37.727827],[-76.584289,37.76889],[-76.602024,37.772731],[-76.651413,37.796239],[-76.680197,37.825654],[-76.701606,37.822677],[-76.72718,37.842263],[-76.747552,37.875864],[-76.765711,37.879274],[-76.784618,37.869569],[-76.766328,37.840437],[-76.723863,37.788503],[-76.689773,37.78519],[-76.683775,37.781391],[-76.683372,37.765507],[-76.677002,37.7561],[-76.61971,37.744795],[-76.61997,37.731271],[-76.597213,37.717269],[-76.597868,37.702918],[-76.579591,37.671508],[-76.583143,37.661986],[-76.574049,37.646781],[-76.542666,37.616857],[-76.527188,37.611315],[-76.435474,37.612807],[-76.420252,37.598686],[-76.410781,37.581815],[-76.383188,37.573056],[-76.357835,37.573699],[-76.300144,37.561734],[-76.29796,37.557636],[-76.302762,37.551295],[-76.330598,37.536391],[-76.348992,37.536548],[-76.360474,37.51924],[-76.352678,37.504913],[-76.32947,37.49492],[-76.306952,37.497488],[-76.297739,37.506863],[-76.297651,37.515424],[-76.293599,37.516499],[-76.281043,37.507821],[-76.265056,37.481365],[-76.252415,37.447274],[-76.245283,37.386839],[-76.24846,37.375135],[-76.264847,37.357399],[-76.272888,37.335174],[-76.275552,37.309964],[-76.282555,37.319107],[-76.308581,37.329366],[-76.31205,37.338088],[-76.337476,37.364014],[-76.387112,37.385061],[-76.393958,37.39594],[-76.415167,37.402133],[-76.418719,37.3978],[-76.418176,37.385064],[-76.437525,37.37975],[-76.445333,37.36646],[-76.406388,37.332924],[-76.38777,37.30767],[-76.381075,37.28534],[-76.369029,37.279311],[-76.352556,37.278334],[-76.349489,37.273963],[-76.392788,37.264973],[-76.417173,37.26395],[-76.421765,37.255198],[-76.429141,37.25331],[-76.475927,37.250543],[-76.48284,37.254831],[-76.493302,37.24947],[-76.50364,37.233856],[-76.494008,37.225408],[-76.471799,37.216016],[-76.394132,37.22515],[-76.389793,37.222981],[-76.396052,37.201087],[-76.389284,37.193503],[-76.391252,37.179887],[-76.399659,37.160272],[-76.381379,37.155711],[-76.35969,37.16858],[-76.348658,37.170655],[-76.343234,37.166207],[-76.34405,37.160367],[-76.334017,37.144223],[-76.311088,37.138495],[-76.292344,37.126615],[-76.271262,37.084544],[-76.304272,37.001378],[-76.315008,37.001683],[-76.318065,37.013846],[-76.34011,37.015212],[-76.348066,37.006747],[-76.383367,36.993347],[-76.411768,36.962847],[-76.428869,36.969947],[-76.452118,36.998163],[-76.452461,37.004603],[-76.448231,37.007705],[-76.464471,37.027547],[-76.518242,37.055351],[-76.526273,37.062947],[-76.526203,37.077773],[-76.536875,37.083942],[-76.555066,37.075859],[-76.564219,37.077507],[-76.579499,37.096627],[-76.618252,37.119347],[-76.62478,37.127091],[-76.622252,37.142146],[-76.604476,37.160034],[-76.606684,37.166674],[-76.610972,37.166994],[-76.623292,37.198738],[-76.649869,37.220914],[-76.689166,37.222866],[-76.730951,37.213813],[-76.74,37.195379],[-76.75047,37.190098],[-76.757765,37.191658],[-76.780532,37.209336],[-76.801023,37.206043],[-76.802511,37.198308],[-76.796905,37.189404],[-76.756899,37.161582],[-76.747632,37.150548],[-76.73032,37.145395],[-76.715295,37.148035],[-76.696735,37.174403],[-76.691918,37.195731],[-76.685614,37.198851],[-76.663774,37.173875],[-76.67147,37.158739],[-76.671588,37.14206],[-76.666542,37.138179],[-76.656894,37.109843],[-76.669822,37.06426],[-76.662558,37.045748],[-76.646013,37.036228],[-76.612124,37.035604],[-76.586491,37.02874],[-76.562923,37.003796],[-76.524853,36.983833],[-76.521006,36.973187],[-76.513363,36.968057],[-76.500355,36.965212],[-76.487559,36.952372],[-76.482407,36.917364],[-76.483369,36.896239],[-76.469914,36.882898],[-76.454692,36.884077],[-76.453941,36.89274],[-76.441605,36.906116],[-76.407507,36.897444],[-76.387567,36.899547],[-76.385867,36.923247],[-76.345569,36.924531],[-76.344663,36.919313],[-76.328864,36.918447],[-76.330765,36.938647],[-76.327365,36.959447],[-76.315867,36.955351],[-76.297663,36.968147],[-76.267962,36.964547],[-76.22166,36.939547],[-76.139557,36.923047],[-76.095508,36.908817],[-76.058154,36.916947],[-76.033454,36.931946],[-76.013753,36.930746],[-75.996252,36.922047],[-75.94955,36.76115],[-75.921748,36.692051],[-75.890946,36.630753],[-75.874145,36.583853],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-76.915897,36.552093],[-76.916048,36.543815],[-77.152691,36.544078],[-77.16966,36.547315],[-77.205156,36.544581],[-78.245462,36.544411],[-78.529722,36.540981],[-80.122183,36.542646],[-80.295243,36.543973],[-80.704831,36.562319],[-80.837089,36.559154],[-81.003802,36.563629],[-81.176712,36.571926],[-81.442228,36.576822],[-81.600934,36.587019],[-81.677535,36.588117],[-81.6469,36.611918],[-81.922644,36.616213],[-81.934144,36.594213],[-83.248933,36.593827],[-83.2763,36.598187],[-83.55681,36.597384],[-83.675413,36.600814],[-83.649513,36.616683],[-83.645213,36.624183],[-83.628913,36.624083],[-83.607913,36.637083],[-83.577312,36.641784],[-83.562612,36.651284],[-83.541812,36.656584],[-83.529612,36.666184],[-83.498011,36.670485],[-83.466483,36.6647],[-83.423707,36.667385],[-83.395806,36.676786],[-83.386099,36.686589],[-83.307103,36.711387],[-83.194597,36.739487],[-83.136395,36.743088],[-83.127833,36.750828],[-83.126719,36.761],[-83.132477,36.764398],[-83.128494,36.775588],[-83.131694,36.781488],[-83.103092,36.806689],[-83.098492,36.814289],[-83.101792,36.829089],[-83.07519,36.840889],[-83.07259,36.854589],[-83.047589,36.851789],[-83.026887,36.855489],[-83.021887,36.849989],[-83.009222,36.847295],[-82.998376,36.85663],[-82.970253,36.857686],[-82.951685,36.866152],[-82.907774,36.874706],[-82.906325,36.87974],[-82.879492,36.889085],[-82.870068,36.901735],[-82.877473,36.90796],[-82.858635,36.927785],[-82.861282,36.944848],[-82.856099,36.952471],[-82.87023,36.965498],[-82.868455,36.976481],[-82.862926,36.979975],[-82.857936,36.978276],[-82.853729,36.985178],[-82.845002,36.983812],[-82.836008,36.988837],[-82.830802,36.993445],[-82.828592,37.005707],[-82.782144,37.008242],[-82.759175,37.027333],[-82.747981,37.025214],[-82.743684,37.041397],[-82.722472,37.045101],[-82.727022,37.073019],[-82.718353,37.075706],[-82.717204,37.079544],[-82.724954,37.091905],[-82.721617,37.101276],[-82.726449,37.114985],[-82.722097,37.120168],[-82.684601,37.135835],[-82.676765,37.134965],[-82.651646,37.151908],[-82.633493,37.154264],[-82.592451,37.182847],[-82.550372,37.204458],[-82.531576,37.209163],[-82.528746,37.213742],[-82.520117,37.212906],[-82.498858,37.227044],[-82.491486,37.225086],[-82.487317,37.230578],[-82.457016,37.238288],[-82.449164,37.243908],[-82.350948,37.267077],[-82.342068,37.274109],[-82.341849,37.280886],[-82.324619,37.28318],[-82.309415,37.300066],[-81.968297,37.537798],[-81.969279,37.534325],[-81.959362,37.53522],[-81.953524,37.528056],[-81.943981,37.5303],[-81.94766,37.52508],[-81.943693,37.521212],[-81.944756,37.513657],[-81.938749,37.512902],[-81.933088,37.518968],[-81.926391,37.514207],[-81.941151,37.509483],[-81.943912,37.502929],[-81.951831,37.50205],[-81.953264,37.491763],[-81.964986,37.493488],[-81.977593,37.484603],[-81.992916,37.482969],[-81.995649,37.469833],[-81.987006,37.454878],[-81.976176,37.457186],[-81.965582,37.446918],[-81.949367,37.445687],[-81.945765,37.440214],[-81.935621,37.438397],[-81.940553,37.429058],[-81.93695,37.41992],[-81.923481,37.411379],[-81.930042,37.405291],[-81.928778,37.393845],[-81.936744,37.38073],[-81.926697,37.364618],[-81.928497,37.360645],[-81.916678,37.349346],[-81.899495,37.341102],[-81.893773,37.330105],[-81.880886,37.331146],[-81.860267,37.315715],[-81.865429,37.31012],[-81.859624,37.304765],[-81.856032,37.306742],[-81.853551,37.287701],[-81.849949,37.285227],[-81.838762,37.286343],[-81.834432,37.285416],[-81.83447,37.281763],[-81.819625,37.279411],[-81.805382,37.285622],[-81.793595,37.284838],[-81.793639,37.282188],[-81.789294,37.284416],[-81.774747,37.274847],[-81.76022,37.275254],[-81.745505,37.26133],[-81.744291,37.244178],[-81.739277,37.238837],[-81.723061,37.240493],[-81.716248,37.234321],[-81.71573,37.228771],[-81.695113,37.21357],[-81.683544,37.211452],[-81.683268,37.205649],[-81.678603,37.202467],[-81.5536,37.208443],[-81.545211,37.220165],[-81.508786,37.232564],[-81.498874,37.258025],[-81.492287,37.25096],[-81.480144,37.251121],[-81.449068,37.269583],[-81.416663,37.273214],[-81.40506,37.298794],[-81.398185,37.302965],[-81.394287,37.316411],[-81.388132,37.319903],[-81.374455,37.318614],[-81.362156,37.337687],[-81.320105,37.299323],[-81.225104,37.234874],[-81.167029,37.262881],[-81.112596,37.278497],[-80.979589,37.302279],[-80.981322,37.293465],[-80.966556,37.292158],[-80.947896,37.295872],[-80.900535,37.315],[-80.868986,37.338573],[-80.849451,37.346909],[-80.883248,37.383933],[-80.862761,37.411829],[-80.865148,37.419927],[-80.859563,37.429558],[-80.846324,37.423394],[-80.837678,37.425658],[-80.808769,37.406271],[-80.806129,37.398074],[-80.784188,37.394587],[-80.770082,37.372363],[-80.705203,37.394618],[-80.645893,37.422147],[-80.63439,37.431227],[-80.622664,37.433307],[-80.552036,37.473563],[-80.511391,37.481672],[-80.492981,37.457749],[-80.49728,37.444779],[-80.494867,37.43507],[-80.475601,37.422949],[-80.371952,37.474069],[-80.36317,37.480001],[-80.366838,37.484879],[-80.309331,37.50288],[-80.299789,37.508271],[-80.282385,37.533517],[-80.291644,37.536505],[-80.309346,37.527381],[-80.330306,37.536244],[-80.312393,37.546239],[-80.328504,37.564315],[-80.258919,37.595499],[-80.240272,37.606961],[-80.220984,37.627767],[-80.267228,37.646011],[-80.279372,37.657077],[-80.296138,37.691783],[-80.253077,37.725899],[-80.252024,37.729825],[-80.262765,37.738336],[-80.257411,37.756084],[-80.251622,37.755866],[-80.246902,37.768309],[-80.230458,37.778305],[-80.217634,37.776775],[-80.215892,37.781989],[-80.227965,37.791714],[-80.227092,37.798886],[-80.218611,37.809783],[-80.206482,37.81597],[-80.199633,37.827507],[-80.179391,37.839751],[-80.183062,37.850646],[-80.176712,37.854029],[-80.162202,37.875122],[-80.148951,37.886892],[-80.141947,37.882616],[-80.12362,37.897943],[-80.117747,37.89772],[-80.118967,37.903614],[-80.102931,37.918911],[-80.096563,37.918112],[-80.074514,37.942221],[-80.04841,37.957481],[-79.999384,37.995842],[-79.995901,38.005791],[-79.973701,38.032556],[-79.954369,38.080397],[-79.92633,38.107151],[-79.938051,38.110759],[-79.944843,38.131585],[-79.933751,38.135508],[-79.925512,38.150237],[-79.918662,38.15479],[-79.914884,38.167524],[-79.917924,38.168399],[-79.916622,38.177994],[-79.921026,38.179954],[-79.91441,38.188418],[-79.898426,38.193045],[-79.888045,38.20736],[-79.850324,38.233329],[-79.846445,38.240003],[-79.835124,38.241892],[-79.830882,38.249687],[-79.817149,38.249511],[-79.811987,38.260401],[-79.806333,38.259193],[-79.790134,38.267654],[-79.789791,38.281167],[-79.795448,38.290228],[-79.802778,38.292073],[-79.810115,38.305037],[-79.808711,38.309429],[-79.79655,38.32348],[-79.77309,38.335529],[-79.764432,38.356514],[-79.740615,38.354101],[-79.725973,38.363229],[-79.72679,38.370832],[-79.730494,38.372217],[-79.72635,38.38707],[-79.706634,38.41573],[-79.689675,38.431439],[-79.691478,38.446282],[-79.688365,38.45687],[-79.698929,38.469869],[-79.693424,38.481011],[-79.697572,38.487223],[-79.692273,38.496474],[-79.682974,38.501317],[-79.680374,38.510617],[-79.670474,38.507717],[-79.663474,38.514117],[-79.662974,38.518717],[-79.672974,38.528717],[-79.666874,38.538317],[-79.669275,38.549516],[-79.665075,38.560916],[-79.659275,38.562416],[-79.659375,38.572616],[-79.649075,38.591515],[-79.53827,38.551817],[-79.521469,38.533918],[-79.476638,38.457228],[-79.312276,38.411876],[-79.288432,38.42096],[-79.282971,38.418095],[-79.279678,38.424173],[-79.282762,38.431647],[-79.267414,38.438322],[-79.254435,38.455949],[-79.242641,38.454168],[-79.240059,38.469841],[-79.225669,38.476471],[-79.219067,38.487441],[-79.210591,38.492913],[-79.206959,38.503522],[-79.210959,38.507422],[-79.205859,38.524521],[-79.176658,38.56552],[-79.170958,38.56812],[-79.170858,38.574119],[-79.158657,38.592319],[-79.159158,38.601219],[-79.151257,38.620618],[-79.131057,38.653217],[-79.122256,38.659817],[-79.106356,38.656217],[-79.092955,38.659517],[-79.084355,38.686516],[-79.090755,38.692515],[-79.092755,38.702315],[-79.072555,38.747513],[-79.057554,38.760213],[-79.055654,38.770913],[-79.051554,38.772613],[-79.054954,38.785713],[-79.046554,38.792113],[-79.029253,38.791013],[-79.023053,38.798613],[-79.024053,38.809212],[-79.019553,38.817912],[-79.006152,38.824512],[-78.998171,38.847353],[-78.993997,38.850102],[-78.869276,38.762991],[-78.786025,38.887187],[-78.759085,38.900529],[-78.738921,38.927283],[-78.718482,38.934267],[-78.71981,38.905907],[-78.717178,38.904296],[-78.704323,38.915231],[-78.69738,38.915602],[-78.670679,38.9338],[-78.646589,38.968138],[-78.638423,38.966819],[-78.625672,38.982575],[-78.620453,38.982601],[-78.618676,38.974082],[-78.611184,38.976134],[-78.601655,38.964603],[-78.570462,39.001552],[-78.550467,39.018065],[-78.571901,39.031995],[-78.540216,39.060631],[-78.522714,39.071062],[-78.495984,39.09898],[-78.478426,39.109843],[-78.475376,39.107469],[-78.459869,39.113351],[-78.439429,39.132146],[-78.427294,39.152726],[-78.403697,39.167451],[-78.426315,39.182762],[-78.428697,39.187217],[-78.424292,39.192156],[-78.438651,39.198049],[-78.405585,39.231176],[-78.404214,39.241214],[-78.399669,39.243874],[-78.418584,39.256065],[-78.414204,39.26391],[-78.367242,39.310148],[-78.364686,39.317312],[-78.35894,39.319484],[-78.346301,39.339108],[-78.347634,39.34272],[-78.339284,39.348605],[-78.34048,39.353492],[-78.366867,39.35929],[-78.343214,39.388807],[-78.350014,39.392861],[-78.349436,39.397252],[-78.359918,39.409028],[-78.346718,39.427618],[-78.353227,39.436792],[-78.346061,39.445613],[-78.345143,39.459484],[-78.349476,39.462205],[-78.347087,39.466012],[-77.828157,39.132329],[-77.822182,39.139985],[-77.821413,39.15241],[-77.805991,39.172421],[-77.793631,39.210125],[-77.771415,39.236776],[-77.767277,39.24938],[-77.770589,39.249393],[-77.770669,39.255262],[-77.762844,39.258445],[-77.747287,39.295001],[-77.730047,39.315666],[-77.719029,39.321125],[-77.692984,39.31845],[-77.677123,39.324077],[-77.650997,39.310784],[-77.615939,39.302722],[-77.592739,39.30129],[-77.566596,39.306121],[-77.561826,39.301913],[-77.560854,39.286152],[-77.540581,39.264947],[-77.486813,39.247586],[-77.45812,39.22614],[-77.459883,39.218682],[-77.47361,39.208407],[-77.477362,39.190495],[-77.505162,39.18205],[-77.516426,39.170891],[-77.527282,39.146236],[-77.524559,39.127821],[-77.519929,39.120925],[-77.4858,39.109303],[-77.458202,39.073723],[-77.38568,39.061987],[-77.340287,39.062991],[-77.293105,39.046508],[-77.274706,39.034091],[-77.248403,39.026909],[-77.244603,39.020109],[-77.255703,39.002409],[-77.249203,38.993709],[-77.249803,38.985909],[-77.234803,38.97631],[-77.232268,38.979502],[-77.221502,38.97131],[-77.197502,38.96681],[-77.183002,38.96881],[-77.148179,38.965002],[-77.1034,38.912911],[-77.0902,38.904211],[-77.067299,38.899211],[-77.058254,38.880069],[-77.049099,38.870712],[-77.046599,38.874912],[-77.039099,38.868112],[-77.031698,38.850512],[-77.032798,38.841712],[-77.044199,38.840212],[-77.044899,38.834712],[-77.039199,38.832212],[-77.035798,38.814913],[-77.041898,38.741514]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b4e4b0e541a03c1a5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pazzaglia, Frank J.","contributorId":19477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pazzaglia","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Mark W. 0000-0003-0460-7638 mcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-7638","contributorId":4808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Mark","email":"mcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berti, Claudio","contributorId":145598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berti","given":"Claudio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16160,"text":"Lehigh University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Counts, Ronald C. 0000-0002-8426-1990 rcounts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-1990","contributorId":5343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counts","given":"Ronald","email":"rcounts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hancock, Gregory S.","contributorId":85096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hancock","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6686,"text":"College of William and Mary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harbor, David","contributorId":145592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harbor","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":16159,"text":"Washington and Lee University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harrison, Richard W. rharriso@usgs.gov","contributorId":544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Richard W.","email":"rharriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heller, Matthew J.","contributorId":81588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Malenda, Helen","contributorId":145593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malenda","given":"Helen","affiliations":[{"id":16160,"text":"Lehigh University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McKeon, Ryan","contributorId":145594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKeon","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16161,"text":"CRREL - Hanover, NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nelson, Michelle S.","contributorId":140753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michelle S.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Prince, Phillip","contributorId":145595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prince","given":"Phillip","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16162,"text":"VA Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rittenour, Tammy M.","contributorId":140755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittenour","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Spotilla, James","contributorId":145596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spotilla","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16162,"text":"VA Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Whittecar, G. Richard","contributorId":177212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittecar","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70187116,"text":"70187116 - 2015 - Evaluation of perchlorate sources in the Rialto-Colton and Chino California subbasins using chlorine and oxygen isotope ratio analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T09:23:28","indexId":"70187116","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"ER-200942","title":"Evaluation of perchlorate sources in the Rialto-Colton and Chino California subbasins using chlorine and oxygen isotope ratio analysis","docAbstract":"Perchlorate (ClO4-) in groundwater can be from synthetic or natural sources, the latter of which include both historical application of imported nitrate fertilizers from the Atacama Desert of Chile and naturally deposited ClO4- that forms atmospherically and accumulates in arid regions such as the southwestern US. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of isotopic data to distinguish sources of ClO4- in groundwater in a specific region of the Rialto-Colton and Chino, CA groundwater subbasins (Study Area). This region includes two groundwater ClO4- plumes emanating from known military/industrial source areas, and a larger area outside of these plumes having measurable ClO4-. Perchlorate extracted from wells in this region was analyzed for chlorine and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ37Cl, δ18O, δ17O) and radioactive chlorine-36 (36Cl) isotopic abundance, along with other geochemical, isotopic, and hydrogeologic data. Isotope data indicate synthetic, Atacama, and indigenous natural ClO4- were present in the Study Area. Stable isotope data from nearly all sampled wells within the contours of the two characterized plumes, including those located in a perched zone and within the regional groundwater aquifer, were consistent with a dominant synthetic ClO4- source. In wells downgradient from the synthetic plumes and in the Chino subbasin to the southwest, isotopic data indicate the dominant source of ClO4- largely was Atacama, presumably from historical application of nitrate fertilizer in this region. Past agricultural land use and historical records are consistent with this source being present in groundwater. The 36Cl and δ18O data indicate that wells having predominantly synthetic or Atacama ClO4- also commonly contained small fractions of indigenous natural ClO4-. The indigenous ClO4- was most evident isotopically in wells having the lowest overall ClO4- concentrations (< 1 μg/L), consistent with its occurrence as a low-level background constituent in the region. A small subset of wells outside the contours of the two synthetic plumes, including an upgradient well, had characteristics indicating small amounts of synthetic ClO4- mixed with one or both of the natural source types. Hydrogeologic data indicate synthetic ClO4- in the upgradient well may be from a source other than the identified plume sources, but it is not known whether this source might also be present in other wells at low concentrations. The stable isotope and 36Cl data provided relatively unambiguous discrimination of synthetic and Atacama ClO4- sources in most wells having relatively high concentrations, providing regional perspective on anthropogenic ClO4- contamination in the Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins. Where indigenous natural ClO4- was indicated as a substantial component, total ClO4- concentrations were low and concentrations of anthropogenic components were near background levels.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Hatzinger, P.B., Bohlke, J., Izbicki, J.A., Teague, N.F., and Sturchio, N.C., 2015, Evaluation of perchlorate sources in the Rialto-Colton and Chino California subbasins using chlorine and oxygen isotope ratio analysis, x, 79 p.","productDescription":"x, 79 p.","ipdsId":"IP-062818","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340161,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Environmental-Restoration/Contaminated-Groundwater/Emerging-Issues/ER-200942"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernadino","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.17993164062499,\n              33.815666308702774\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.993896484375,\n              33.815666308702774\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.037841796875,\n              34.95799531086792\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.16894531249999,\n              34.97600151317588\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.17993164062499,\n              33.815666308702774\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006063e4b0e85db3a5dddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":149376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17721,"text":"Shaw Environmental, Princeton, NJ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teague, Nicholas F. 0000-0001-5289-1210 nteague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1210","contributorId":2145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"Nicholas","email":"nteague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":149375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182748,"text":"70182748 - 2015 - Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T09:17:56","indexId":"70182748","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method is presented for using dissolved CFCs or SF</span><sub>6</sub><span> to estimate the apparent age of stream base flow by indirectly estimating the mean concentration of the tracer in the inflowing groundwater. The mean value is estimated simultaneously with the mean residence times of the gas and water in the stream by sampling the stream for one or both age tracers, along with dissolved nitrogen and argon at a single location over a period of approximately 12–14 h. The data are fitted to an equation representing the temporal in-stream gas exchange as it responds to the diurnal temperature fluctuation. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by collecting and analyzing samples at six different stream locations across parts of northern Virginia, USA. The studied streams drain watersheds with areas of between 2 and 122 km</span><sup>2</sup><span> during periods when the diurnal stream temperature ranged between 2 and 5°C. The method has the advantage of estimating the mean groundwater residence time of discharge from the watershed to the stream without the need for the collection of groundwater infiltrating to streambeds or local groundwater sampled from shallow observation wells near the stream.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014WR016796","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., Casile, G.C., and Haase, K.B., 2015, Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 12, p. 9790-9803, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016796.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"9790","endPage":"9803","ipdsId":"IP-067414","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr016796","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"51","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a42e4b01ccd54ff3fa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haase, Karl B. 0000-0002-6897-6494 khaase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-6494","contributorId":3405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Karl","email":"khaase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170559,"text":"70170559 - 2015 - Modeling the present and future geographic distribution of the Lone star tick, <i>Amblyomma americanum</i> (Ixodida: <i>Ixodidae</i>), in the continental United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-27T09:30:53","indexId":"70170559","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-27T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":733,"text":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the present and future geographic distribution of the Lone star tick, <i>Amblyomma americanum</i> (Ixodida: <i>Ixodidae</i>), in the continental United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Lone star tick (</span><i>Amblyomma americanum</i><span>&nbsp;L.) is the primary vector for pathogens of significant public health importance in North America, yet relatively little is known about its current and potential future distribution. Building on a published summary of tick collection records, we used an ensemble modeling approach to predict the present-day and future distribution of climatically suitable habitat for establishment of the Lone star tick within the continental United States. Of the nine climatic predictor variables included in our five present-day models, average vapor pressure in July was by far the most important determinant of suitable habitat. The present-day ensemble model predicted an essentially contiguous distribution of suitable habitat extending to the Atlantic coast east of the 100th western meridian and south of the 40th northern parallel, but excluding a high elevation region associated with the Appalachian Mountains. Future ensemble predictions for 2061&ndash;2080 forecasted a stable western range limit, northward expansion of suitable habitat into the Upper Midwest and western Pennsylvania, and range contraction along portions of the Gulf coast and the lower Mississippi river valley. These findings are informative for raising awareness of&nbsp;</span><i>A. americanum</i><span>-transmitted pathogens in areas where the Lone Star tick has recently or may become established.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.15-0330","usgsCitation":"Springer, Y.P., Jarnevich, C.S., Barnett, D., Monaghan, A., and Eisen, R., 2015, Modeling the present and future geographic distribution of the Lone star tick, <i>Amblyomma americanum</i> (Ixodida: <i>Ixodidae</i>), in the continental United States: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v. 93, no. 4, p. 875-890, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0330.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"875","endPage":"890","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065942","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0330","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5721d4a4e4b0b13d39129149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Springer, Yuri P.","contributorId":148010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"Yuri","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16880,"text":"National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), 1685 38th St., Boulder, CO 80301, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnett, David T.","contributorId":86234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monaghan, Andrew J.","contributorId":61682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monaghan","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eisen, Rebecca J.","contributorId":148027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisen","given":"Rebecca J.","affiliations":[{"id":16974,"text":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70161998,"text":"70161998 - 2015 - Efficient wetland surface water detection and monitoring via Landsat: Comparison with in situ data from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-12T10:54:01","indexId":"70161998","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-11T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficient wetland surface water detection and monitoring via Landsat: Comparison with in situ data from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey is developing new Landsat science products. One, named Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE), is focused on the representation of ground surface inundation as detected in cloud-/shadow-/snow-free pixels for scenes collected over the U.S. and its territories. Characterization of DSWE uncertainty to facilitate its appropriate use in science and resource management is a primary objective. A unique evaluation dataset developed from data made publicly available through the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) was used to evaluate one candidate DSWE algorithm that is relatively simple, requires no scene-based calibration data, and is intended to detect inundation in the presence of marshland vegetation. A conceptual model of expected algorithm performance in vegetated wetland environments was postulated, tested and revised. Agreement scores were calculated at the level of scenes and vegetation communities, vegetation index classes, water depths, and individual EDEN gage sites for a variety of temporal aggregations. Landsat Archive cloud cover attribution errors were documented. Cloud cover had some effect on model performance. Error rates increased with vegetation cover. Relatively low error rates for locations of little/no vegetation were unexpectedly dominated by omission errors due to variable substrates and mixed pixel effects. Examined discrepancies between satellite and</span><i>&nbsp;in situ</i><i>&nbsp;</i><span>modeled inundation demonstrated the utility of such comparisons for EDEN database improvement. Importantly, there seems no trend or bias in candidate algorithm performance as a function of time or general hydrologic conditions, an important finding for long-term monitoring. The developed database and knowledge gained from this analysis will be used for improved evaluation of candidate DSWE algorithms as well as other measurements made on Everglades surface inundation, surface water heights and vegetation using radar, lidar and hyperspectral instruments. Although no other sites have such an extensive</span><i>&nbsp;in situ</i><span>&nbsp;network or long-term records, the broader applicability of this and other candidate DSWE algorithms is being evaluated in other wetlands using this work as a guide. Continued interaction among DSWE producers and potential users will help determine whether the measured accuracies are adequate for practical utility in resource management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs70912503","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., 2015, Efficient wetland surface water detection and monitoring via Landsat: Comparison with in situ data from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network: Remote Sensing, v. 9, no. 7, p. 12503-12538, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70912503.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"12503","endPage":"12538","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066317","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70912503","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.331787109375,\n              24.831610355586918\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.31280517578125,\n              24.831610355586918\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.31280517578125,\n              26.561506704037942\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.331787109375,\n              26.561506704037942\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.331787109375,\n              24.831610355586918\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694d22de4b039675d005dc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159957,"text":"sir20155176 - 2015 - Decision analysis to support development of the Glen Canyon Dam long-term experimental and management plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T20:23:08.804716","indexId":"sir20155176","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-07T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5176","title":"Decision analysis to support development of the Glen Canyon Dam long-term experimental and management plan","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, and Argonne National Laboratory, completed a decision analysis to use in the evaluation of alternatives in the Environmental Impact Statement concerning the long-term management of water releases from Glen Canyon Dam and associated management activities. Two primary decision analysis methods, multicriteria decision analysis and the expected value of information, were used to evaluate the alternative strategies against the resource goals and to evaluate the influence of uncertainty.</p>\n<p>A total of 18 performance metrics associated with 8 out of 12 resource goals (fundamental objectives) were developed by the Bureau of Reclamation and National Park Service in partnership with subject-matter teams composed of Federal, State, tribal, and private experts. A total of 19 long-term strategies associated with 7 alternatives were developed by the Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, Argonne National Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, and Cooperating Agencies. The 19 long-term strategies were evaluated against the 18 performance metrics using a series of coupled simulation models, taking into account the effects of several important sources of uncertainty. A total of 27 Federal, State, tribal, and nongovernmental agencies were invited by the Assistant Secretary of Interior to participate in a swing-weighting exercise to understand the range of perspectives about how to place relative value on the resource goals and performance metrics; 14 of the 27 chose to participate. The results of the swing-weighting exercise were combined with the evaluation of the alternatives to complete a multicriteria decision analysis. The effects of uncertainty on the ranking of long-term strategies were evaluated through calculation of the value of information.</p>\n<p>The alternatives and their long-term strategies differed across performance metrics, producing unavoidable tradeoffs; thus, there was no long-term strategy that was dominated by another across all performance metrics. When the performance of each alternative was weighted across performance metrics, three alternatives (B, D, and G) were top-ranked depending on the set of weights proposed: Alternative B was favored by those stakeholders that placed a high value on hydropower; Alternative G was favored by those stakeholders that placed a high value on the restoration of natural processes, like beachbuilding and natural vegetation; and Alternative D was favored by the remaining stakeholders. Surprisingly, these rankings were not sensitive to the critical uncertainties that were evaluated; that is, the choice of a preferred long-term strategy was sensitive to the value-based judgment about how to place relative weight on the resource goals but was not sensitive to the uncertainties in the system dynamics that were evaluated in this analysis. The one area of uncertainty that did slightly affect the ranking of alternatives was the long-term pattern of hydrological input; because of this sensitivity, some attention to the possible effects of climate change is warranted.</p>\n<p>The results of the decision analysis are meant to serve as only one of many sources of information that can be used to evaluate the alternatives proposed in the Environmental Impact Statement. These results only focus on those resource goals for which quantitative performance metrics could be formulated and evaluated; there are other important aspects of the resource goals that also need to be considered. Not all the stakeholders who were invited to participate in the decision analysis chose to do so; thus, the Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, and U.S. Department of Interior may want to consider other input.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, and Argonne National Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., LaGory, K.E., Russell, Kendra, Balsom, J.R., Butler, R.A., Coggins, L.G., Jr., Grantz, K.A., Hayse, John, Hlohowskyj, Ihor, Korman, Josh, May, J.E., O’Rourke, D.J., Poch, L.A., Prairie, J.R., VanKuiken, J.C., Van Lonkhuyzen, R.A., Varyu, D.R., Verhaaren, B.T., Vesekla, T.D., Williams, N.T., Wuthrich, K.K., Yackulic, C.B., Billerbeck, R.P., and Knowles, G.W., 2015, Decision analysis to support development of the Glen Canyon Dam Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5176, 64 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155176.","productDescription":"xi, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070238","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312032,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5176/sir20155176.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5176"},{"id":312031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5176/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.70825195312501,\n              35.074964853989556\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.70825195312501,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.258544921875,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.258544921875,\n              35.074964853989556\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.70825195312501,\n              35.074964853989556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eesc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eesc\">Eastern Ecological Science Center</a><br>12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039<br>Laurel, MD 20708-4039</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>1 Abstract</li>\n<li>2 Introduction</li>\n<li>3 Decision Analysis</li>\n<li>4 Resource Goals and Performance Metrics</li>\n<li>5 Alternatives</li>\n<li>6 Quantitative Methods</li>\n<li>7 Consequence Analysis Results</li>\n<li>8 Decision Analysis Results</li>\n<li>9 Discussion</li>\n<li>10 Summary</li>\n<li>11 References Cited</li>\n<li>12 Appendix 1. Disclaimers</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-01-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568f8c33e4b0e7a44bc5ec85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaGory, Kirk E.","contributorId":150246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaGory","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17946,"text":"Argonne National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, Kendra","contributorId":150247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Kendra","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balsom, Janet R.","contributorId":150248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balsom","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butler, R. Alan","contributorId":150249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coggins, Jr.","contributorId":54306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coggins","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grantz, Katrina A.","contributorId":150250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grantz","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayse, John","contributorId":150251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayse","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hlohowskyj, Ihor","contributorId":150252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hlohowskyj","given":"Ihor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Korman, Josh","contributorId":29922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korman","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"May, James E.","contributorId":85255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"O’Rourke, Daniel J.","contributorId":150253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Rourke","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Poch, Leslie A.","contributorId":150254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poch","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Prairie, James R.","contributorId":150255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prairie","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"VanKuiken, Jack C.","contributorId":150256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanKuiken","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Van Lonkhuyzen, Robert A.","contributorId":49705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Lonkhuyzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Varyu, David R.","contributorId":150257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varyu","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Verhaaren, Bruce T.","contributorId":150258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verhaaren","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Veselka, Thomas D.","contributorId":150259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veselka","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Williams, Nicholas T.","contributorId":150260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wuthrich, Kelsey K.","contributorId":150261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wuthrich","given":"Kelsey","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Billerbeck, Robert P.","contributorId":150262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Billerbeck","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Knowles, Glen W.","contributorId":150263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowles","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}}
,{"id":70173866,"text":"70173866 - 2015 - Distributional changes in the western Burrowing Owl (<i>Athene cunicularia hypugaea</i>) in North America from 1967 to 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T12:54:16","indexId":"70173866","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distributional changes in the western Burrowing Owl (<i>Athene cunicularia hypugaea</i>) in North America from 1967 to 2008","docAbstract":"<p><span>The quantification of shifts in bird distributions in response to climate change provides an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the processes that influence species persistence. We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) to document changes in the distributional limits of the western Burrowing Owl (</span><i>Athene cunicularia hypugaea</i><span>) from 1967 to 2008. We used logistic regression to model presence probability (</span><i>p</i><span>) as a function of longitude, latitude, and year. We modeled a linear trend in logit(</span><i>p</i><span>) through time with slope and intercept modeled as a double Fourier series of longitude and latitude. We found that the western Burrowing Owl has experienced an intriguing southward shift in the northern half of its breeding range, contrary to what is predicted by most species niche models and what has been observed for many other species in North America. The breeding range of the Burrowing Owl has been shrinking near its northern, western, and eastern edges. Our model detected the population declines that were observed in California and eastern Washington, in locations where maps based on route-specific estimating equations had predicted significant population increases. We suggest that the northern boundary of the breeding distribution of the western Burrowing Owl has contracted southward and the southern boundary of the species' breeding distribution has expanded southward into areas of northern Mexico that were formerly used only by wintering migrants.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","doi":"10.3356/JRR-14-00004.1","usgsCitation":"Macias-Duarte, A., and Conway, C.J., 2015, Distributional changes in the western Burrowing Owl (<i>Athene cunicularia hypugaea</i>) in North America from 1967 to 2008: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 49, no. 1, p. 75-83, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-14-00004.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1967-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-058063","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -125,\n              55\n            ],\n            [\n              -95,\n              55\n            ],\n            [\n              -95,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -125,\n              30\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c30e4b07657d19a69d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macias-Duarte, Alberto","contributorId":70605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macias-Duarte","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70173637,"text":"70173637 - 2015 - Influence of ecological factors on prevalence of meningeal worm (<i>Parelaphostrongylus tenuis</i> infection in South Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T11:34:22","indexId":"70173637","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of ecological factors on prevalence of meningeal worm (<i>Parelaphostrongylus tenuis</i> infection in South Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The meningeal worm (</span><i>Parelaphostrongylus tenuis</i><span>) is a nematode parasite that commonly infects white-tailed deer (</span><i>Odocoileus virginianus</i><span>; WTD) throughout the deciduous forest biome and deciduous-coniferous ecotone of eastern and central North America; the species is not known to occur west of the grassland biome of central North America. We used county-specific prevalence data to evaluate potential effects of landscape and climatologic factors on the spatial distribution of meningeal worm infection in South Dakota, US. Probability of infection increased 4-fold between eastern and western South Dakota and 1.3-fold for each 1-cm increase in summer precipitation. Sixty-three percent of WTD had only a single worm in the cranium. Expansion of meningeal worm infection across western South Dakota may be inherently low due to the combined effects of arid climate and potential attributes of the Missouri River that limit regional movements by infected WTD. Use of landscape genetic analyses to identify potential relationships between landscape features and population genetic structure of infected deer and parasites may contribute to a greater understanding of regional heterogeneity in meningeal worm infection rates across South Dakota, particularly in counties adjacent to the Missouri River. Future research evaluating heterogeneity in prevalence and intensity of infection between fawn and yearling deer, and the potential role of yearling male deer as dispersal agents of meningeal worms across the Missouri River, also is warranted.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2014-06-148","usgsCitation":"Jacques, C.N., Jenks, J., Grovenburg, T.W., Klaver, R.W., and Dubay, S.A., 2015, Influence of ecological factors on prevalence of meningeal worm (<i>Parelaphostrongylus tenuis</i> infection in South Dakota, USA: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 51, no. 2, p. 332-340, https://doi.org/10.7589/2014-06-148.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"340","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051887","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.054487,44.180381],[-104.055914,44.874986],[-104.057698,44.997431],[-104.039681,44.998041],[-104.040114,45.374214],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-100.430597,45.943638],[-99.005754,45.939944],[-98.414518,45.936504],[-96.56328,45.935238],[-96.564002,45.91956],[-96.56703,45.915682],[-96.56442,45.909415],[-96.568315,45.902902],[-96.568772,45.888072],[-96.571354,45.886673],[-96.571871,45.871846],[-96.574667,45.866816],[-96.572984,45.861602],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.596704,45.811801],[-96.612512,45.794442],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.638726,45.770171],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.652226,45.746809],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.672665,45.732336],[-96.711157,45.717561],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.75035,45.698782],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.852392,45.61484],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.801987,45.555414],[-96.79384,45.550724],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.745487,45.488712],[-96.743486,45.480649],[-96.738446,45.473499],[-96.732739,45.458737],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.60118,45.403181],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.469246,45.324941],[-96.468027,45.318619],[-96.46191,45.313884],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.451232,44.718375],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.598928,43.500457],[-96.599182,43.496011],[-96.586274,43.491099],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.586364,43.478251],[-96.584603,43.46961],[-96.587929,43.464878],[-96.600039,43.45708],[-96.60286,43.450907],[-96.594254,43.434153],[-96.587884,43.431685],[-96.575181,43.431756],[-96.570224,43.428601],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.562728,43.412782],[-96.557586,43.406792],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.531159,43.39561],[-96.529152,43.397735],[-96.525453,43.396317],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.521323,43.374607],[-96.526467,43.368314],[-96.527223,43.362257],[-96.526635,43.351833],[-96.524289,43.347214],[-96.534913,43.336473],[-96.528817,43.316561],[-96.525564,43.312467],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.555246,43.294803],[-96.56911,43.295535],[-96.573556,43.29917],[-96.581052,43.297118],[-96.579094,43.293797],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.580904,43.2748],[-96.582876,43.274594],[-96.582939,43.276536],[-96.586317,43.274319],[-96.58522,43.268878],[-96.576804,43.268308],[-96.564165,43.260239],[-96.554968,43.259998],[-96.552591,43.257769],[-96.552963,43.247281],[-96.565253,43.244241],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.56044,43.224219],[-96.554937,43.226775],[-96.540088,43.225698],[-96.535741,43.22764],[-96.526865,43.224071],[-96.519273,43.21769],[-96.500759,43.220767],[-96.496454,43.223652],[-96.485264,43.224183],[-96.476697,43.222014],[-96.470626,43.207225],[-96.473777,43.198766],[-96.473834,43.189804],[-96.472395,43.185644],[-96.465146,43.182971],[-96.467292,43.164066],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.459978,43.143516],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.443431,43.133825],[-96.440801,43.123129],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.439335,43.113916],[-96.462855,43.091419],[-96.462636,43.089614],[-96.455337,43.088129],[-96.454088,43.084197],[-96.455209,43.075053],[-96.46085,43.064033],[-96.468207,43.06186],[-96.473165,43.06355],[-96.476905,43.062383],[-96.490365,43.050789],[-96.501748,43.048632],[-96.510256,43.049917],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.509145,43.037297],[-96.512916,43.029962],[-96.510995,43.024701],[-96.499187,43.019213],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.496699,42.998807],[-96.509986,42.995126],[-96.512886,42.991424],[-96.512237,42.985937],[-96.516724,42.981458],[-96.520773,42.980385],[-96.515922,42.972886],[-96.506148,42.971348],[-96.503132,42.968192],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.504857,42.954659],[-96.509472,42.945151],[-96.519994,42.93976],[-96.516419,42.935438],[-96.516888,42.932512],[-96.525536,42.935511],[-96.541689,42.922576],[-96.536564,42.905656],[-96.542847,42.903737],[-96.539397,42.899964],[-96.536007,42.900901],[-96.528886,42.89795],[-96.526357,42.891852],[-96.540116,42.889678],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.546394,42.874464],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.550469,42.863742],[-96.546556,42.857273],[-96.541708,42.858871],[-96.545502,42.849956],[-96.554709,42.846142],[-96.554203,42.843648],[-96.549976,42.840705],[-96.551285,42.836606],[-96.556162,42.836675],[-96.560572,42.839373],[-96.56284,42.836309],[-96.563058,42.831051],[-96.565605,42.830434],[-96.571353,42.837155],[-96.581604,42.837521],[-96.58238,42.833657],[-96.577813,42.828719],[-96.585699,42.818041],[-96.596008,42.815044],[-96.595664,42.810426],[-96.590913,42.808987],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.602575,42.787767],[-96.603784,42.78372],[-96.61949,42.784034],[-96.626406,42.773518],[-96.632142,42.770863],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.621235,42.758084],[-96.619494,42.754792],[-96.630485,42.750378],[-96.639704,42.737071],[-96.631931,42.725086],[-96.624704,42.725497],[-96.624446,42.714294],[-96.630617,42.70588],[-96.612555,42.698402],[-96.61017,42.694568],[-96.59908,42.697296],[-96.596625,42.695122],[-96.596405,42.688514],[-96.58562,42.687076],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.574064,42.67801],[-96.578148,42.672765],[-96.572261,42.670776],[-96.569194,42.675509],[-96.566684,42.675942],[-96.556244,42.664396],[-96.5599,42.662819],[-96.559962,42.658543],[-96.556214,42.657949],[-96.546827,42.661491],[-96.542366,42.660736],[-96.537877,42.655431],[-96.537881,42.646446],[-96.526766,42.641184],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.515918,42.624994],[-96.518542,42.62035],[-96.530896,42.617129],[-96.529894,42.610432],[-96.525671,42.609312],[-96.517048,42.615343],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.500183,42.594106],[-96.501037,42.589247],[-96.494777,42.585741],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.485796,42.575001],[-96.489328,42.5708],[-96.498709,42.57087],[-96.498041,42.558153],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.479909,42.524195],[-96.490802,42.520331],[-96.49297,42.517282],[-96.490089,42.512441],[-96.477454,42.509589],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.476909,42.497795],[-96.476509,42.493595],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.46255,42.490788],[-96.456348,42.492478],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.508587,42.486691],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.520683,42.504761],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.538036,42.518131],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.603468,42.50446],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.625958,42.513576],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.632882,42.528987],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.658754,42.566426],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.711546,42.614758],[-96.709485,42.621932],[-96.687788,42.645992],[-96.687082,42.652093],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.746949,42.666223],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.800986,42.669758],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.801652,42.698774],[-96.806219,42.704149],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.924156,42.730327],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.961576,42.719841],[-96.964776,42.722455],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.96123,42.740623],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-96.99282,42.759481],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-97.033229,42.765904],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.134461,42.774494],[-97.138216,42.783428],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.200431,42.805485],[-97.210126,42.809296],[-97.213084,42.813007],[-97.213957,42.820143],[-97.218269,42.829561],[-97.217411,42.843519],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.237868,42.853139],[-97.251764,42.855432],[-97.267946,42.852583],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.306677,42.867604],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.359569,42.854816],[-97.368643,42.858419],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.431951,42.851542],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.452177,42.846048],[-97.470529,42.850455],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.591916,42.853837],[-97.603762,42.858329],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.72045,42.847439],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.877003,42.854394],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.878976,42.843673],[-97.879878,42.835395],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.921434,42.788352],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-98.000348,42.763256],[-98.017228,42.762411],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.062913,42.781119],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.094574,42.799309],[-98.107688,42.810633],[-98.127489,42.820127],[-98.137912,42.832728],[-98.146933,42.839823],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.25181,42.872824],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.430934,42.931504],[-98.437285,42.928393],[-98.444145,42.929242],[-98.448309,42.936428],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-100.472742,42.999288],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-104.055488,43.853476],[-104.054487,44.180381]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"51","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f036e4b04f417c24daa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacques, Christopher N.","contributorId":15521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacques","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grovenburg, Troy W.","contributorId":57712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubay, Shelli A.","contributorId":171437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubay","given":"Shelli","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70160033,"text":"sir20155174 - 2015 - Groundwater and surface-water interaction and effects of pumping in a complex glacial-sediment aquifer, phase 2, east-central Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T07:59:04","indexId":"sir20155174","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5174","title":"Groundwater and surface-water interaction and effects of pumping in a complex glacial-sediment aquifer, phase 2, east-central Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Town of Framingham, Massachusetts, has investigated the potential of proposed groundwater withdrawals at the Birch Road well site to affect nearby surface water bodies and wetlands, including Lake Cochituate, the Sudbury River, and the Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge in east-central Massachusetts. In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey developed a Phase 1 numerical groundwater model of a complex glacial-sediment aquifer to synthesize hydrogeologic information and simulate potential future pumping scenarios. The model was developed with MODFLOW-NWT, an updated version of a standard USGS numerical groundwater flow modeling program that improves solution of unconfined groundwater flow problems. The groundwater model and investigations of the aquifer improved understanding of groundwater&ndash;surface-water interaction and the effects of groundwater withdrawals on surface-water bodies and wetlands in the study area. The initial work also revealed a need for additional information and model refinements to better understand this complex aquifer system.</p>\n<p>In this second phase of the study, the original groundwater flow model was revised to improve representation of groundwater and surface-water hydrology, stabilize the model, and reduce model error. The model was simplified by reducing the number of layers from 5 to 3 and adding the MODFLOW lake package (LAK) to simulate Lake Cochituate and Pod Meadow Pond and better represent interaction between the lakes and the aquifer. Model revisions improved stability and shortened run times, allowing use of automated parameter estimation software (PEST) to further refine the model hydraulic parameters and reduce simulation errors.</p>\n<p>Model simulations indicate that under average base-flow conditions, the Birch Road wells have a small effect on flow in the Sudbury River during most months, even at the maximum pumping rate of 4.9 ft<sup>3</sup>/s (3.17 Mgal/d). Maximum percent streamflow depletion in the Sudbury River caused by simulated pumping takes place during simulated drought conditions, when streamflow decreased by as much as 21 percent under maximum continuous pumping. Simulations also indicate that groundwater withdrawals at the Birch Road site could be managed so that adverse streamflow impacts are substantially ameliorated. Under the most ecologically conservative simulated drought conditions, simulated streamflow depletion was reduced from 21 percent to 3 percent by pumping at the maximum rate for 6 months rather than for 12 months. Simulations that return 10 percent of the Birch Road well withdrawals to Pod Meadow Pond indicate a modest reduction in the Sudbury River streamflow depletion and provide a larger percentage increase to streamflow just downstream of the pond. The groundwater model also indicates that well locations can have a large effect on the sustainable pumping rate and so should be chosen carefully. The model provides a tool for evaluating alternative pumping rates and schedules not included in this analysis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Framingham, Massachusetts","usgsCitation":"Eggleston, J.R., Zarriello, P.J., and Carlson, C.S., 2015, Groundwater and surface-water interaction and effects of pumping in a complex glacial-sediment aquifer, Phase 2, east-central Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5174, 38 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155174.","productDescription":"viii, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070584","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312906,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5174/sir20155174.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5174"},{"id":312905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5174/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Framingham","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.40366554260254,\n              42.311021393971345\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.40366554260254,\n              42.357085148806945\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.36615753173828,\n              42.357085148806945\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.36615753173828,\n              42.311021393971345\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.40366554260254,\n              42.311021393971345\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_nweng@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, New England Water Science Center<br />U.S. Geological Survey<br />10 Bearfoot Road<br />Northborough, MA 01532<br />Or visit our Web site at: <br /> <a href=\"http://newengland.water.usgs.gov\">http://newengland.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Data</li>\n<li>Groundwater Model Modifications</li>\n<li>Effects of Pumping</li>\n<li>Summary and Conclusions</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-12-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568651b8e4b0e7594ee74ca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleston, Jack R.","contributorId":20011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70159253,"text":"70159253 - 2015 - Geologic maps of the eastern Alaska Range, Alaska (1:63,360 scale)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T09:05:02","indexId":"70159253","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"2015-6","title":"Geologic maps of the eastern Alaska Range, Alaska (1:63,360 scale)","docAbstract":"This report provides a description of map units for a suite of 44 inch-to-mile (1:63,360-scale) geologic quadrangle maps of the eastern Alaska Range. This report also contains a geologic and tectonic summary and a comprehensive list of references pertaining to geologic mapping and specialized studies of the region. In addition to the geologic maps of the eastern Alaska Range, this package includes a list of map units and an explanation of map symbols and abbreviations. The geologic maps display detailed surficial and bedrock geology, structural and stratigraphic data, portrayal of the active Denali fault that bisects the core of the east–west-trending range, and portrayal of other young faults along the north and south flanks of the range.","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/29444","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., Bond, G.C., Ferrians, O.J., Herzon, P.L., Lange, I.M., Miyaoka, R.T., Richter, D.H., Schwab, C.E., Silva, S.R., Smith, T.E., and Zehner, R.E., 2015, Geologic maps of the eastern Alaska Range, Alaska (1:63,360 scale), Maps: 45 georeferenced PDF files; Report: PDF, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.14509/29444.","productDescription":"Maps: 45 georeferenced PDF files; Report: PDF, 72 p.","ipdsId":"IP-050668","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29444","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Alaska Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.392578125,\n              61.73152565113397\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.50390625,\n              61.73152565113397\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.50390625,\n              64.54844014422517\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.392578125,\n              64.54844014422517\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.392578125,\n              61.73152565113397\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099aaee4b0fc4e449157f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, Gerard C.","contributorId":149315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17701,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrians, Oscar J. Jr.","contributorId":42952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrians","given":"Oscar","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herzon, Paige L.","contributorId":89207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzon","given":"Paige","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lange, Ian M.","contributorId":149316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lange","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miyaoka, Ronny T.","contributorId":61861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyaoka","given":"Ronny","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Richter, Donald H.","contributorId":61021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schwab, Carl E.","contributorId":149317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwab","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17702,"text":"Branch of Alaskan Geology, U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, Thomas E.","contributorId":57871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zehner, Richard E.","contributorId":46096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zehner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70188519,"text":"70188519 - 2015 - Gondolellid conodonts and depositional setting of the Phosphoria Formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T13:57:38","indexId":"70188519","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gondolellid conodonts and depositional setting of the Phosphoria Formation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Phosphoria Formation and related rocks were deposited over an 8.9 m.y. interval beginning approximately 274.0Ma and ending approximately 265.1Ma. The Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member was deposited in southeastern Idaho and adjacent Wyoming over 5.4 m.y. from approximately 273.2 to 268.6 Ma. The Retort Phosphatic Shale Member was deposited in southwestern Montana and west-central Wyoming over 1.3 m.y. from approximately 267.4 to 266.1Ma. The base of the Roadian Stage of the Middle Permian occurs within the lower phosphate zone of the Meade Peak. The base of the Wordian Stage occurs within the upper phosphate zone of the Meade Peak. The presence of a cool-water brachiopod fauna, cool-water conodont faunas, and the absence of fusulinids throughout the Phosphoria basin indicate the presence of pervasive cool, upwelling waters. Acritarchs are intimately associated with phosphorites and phosphatic shales and may have been the primary organic producer to help drive phosphate production. The gondolellid conodont fauna of the Phosphoria Formation links a geographic cline of Jinogondolella nankingensis from the Delaware basin, West Texas, to the Sverdrup basin, Canadian Arctic, and shows distinct differentiation in species distribution, as do other conodont groups, within the Phosphoria basin. Ten species and two subspecies of gondolellid conodonts are recognized from the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks that belong to Mesogondolella and Jinogondolella.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MicroAccess","usgsCitation":"Wardlaw, B.R., 2015, Gondolellid conodonts and depositional setting of the Phosphoria Formation: Micropaleontology, v. 61, no. 4-5, p. 335-368.","productDescription":"34 p. ","startPage":"335","endPage":"368","ipdsId":"IP-039139","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Montana, Wyoming ","otherGeospatial":"Phosphoria basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.062729,44.476073],[-111.122654,44.493659],[-111.131379,44.499925],[-111.139455,44.517112],[-111.143557,44.535732],[-111.15959,44.546376],[-111.166892,44.54722],[-111.175747,44.552219],[-111.182551,44.566874],[-111.189617,44.571062],[-111.201459,44.575696],[-111.225208,44.581006],[-111.23018,44.587025],[-111.231227,44.606915],[-111.224161,44.623402],[-111.25268,44.651092],[-111.262839,44.649658],[-111.276956,44.655626],[-111.26875,44.668279],[-111.29626,44.702271],[-111.323669,44.724474],[-111.341351,44.7293],[-111.348184,44.725459],[-111.355768,44.727602],[-111.366723,44.738361],[-111.36627,44.742234],[-111.37476,44.750295],[-111.385005,44.755128],[-111.393854,44.752549],[-111.397805,44.746738],[-111.394459,44.744578],[-111.398575,44.723343],[-111.414271,44.710741],[-111.424214,44.714024],[-111.429604,44.720149],[-111.438793,44.720546],[-111.486019,44.707654],[-111.489339,44.704946],[-111.490228,44.700221],[-111.484898,44.687578],[-111.47798,44.682393],[-111.468833,44.679335],[-111.473178,44.665479],[-111.50494,44.635746],[-111.521688,44.613371],[-111.525764,44.604883],[-111.519126,44.582916],[-111.492024,44.56081],[-111.469185,44.552044],[-111.467736,44.544521],[-111.471682,44.540824],[-111.500792,44.540062],[-111.518095,44.544177],[-111.524006,44.548385],[-111.546637,44.557099],[-111.556577,44.554495],[-111.562814,44.555209],[-111.585763,44.562843],[-111.591768,44.561502],[-111.601249,44.55421],[-111.614405,44.548991],[-111.681571,44.559864],[-111.704218,44.560205],[-111.715474,44.543543],[-111.737191,44.54306],[-111.746401,44.540766],[-111.758966,44.533766],[-111.761904,44.529841],[-111.806512,44.516264],[-111.807914,44.511716],[-111.821488,44.509286],[-111.842542,44.526069],[-111.849293,44.539837],[-111.870504,44.564033],[-111.887852,44.563413],[-111.903566,44.55723],[-111.947941,44.556776],[-111.951522,44.550062],[-111.980833,44.536682],[-111.995231,44.535444],[-112.01385,44.542348],[-112.032707,44.546642],[-112.035025,44.542691],[-112.034133,44.537716],[-112.036943,44.530323],[-112.053434,44.535089],[-112.069011,44.537104],[-112.093304,44.530002],[-112.096299,44.523212],[-112.106755,44.520829],[-112.125101,44.528527],[-112.129078,44.5363],[-112.136454,44.539911],[-112.164597,44.541666],[-112.179703,44.533021],[-112.183937,44.533067],[-112.221698,44.543519],[-112.229477,44.549494],[-112.226841,44.555239],[-112.230117,44.562759],[-112.242785,44.568091],[-112.258665,44.569516],[-112.286187,44.568472],[-112.312899,44.553536],[-112.315047,44.550049],[-112.315008,44.5419],[-112.319198,44.53911],[-112.348794,44.538691],[-112.35421,44.535638],[-112.358917,44.528847],[-112.3566,44.493127],[-112.358926,44.48628],[-112.368764,44.467153],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.435342,44.462216],[-112.460347,44.47571],[-112.473207,44.480027],[-112.50031,44.463051],[-112.511713,44.466445],[-112.512036,44.47042],[-112.518871,44.475784],[-112.541989,44.483971],[-112.550557,44.484928],[-112.573513,44.480983],[-112.584197,44.481368],[-112.601863,44.491015],[-112.660696,44.485756],[-112.671169,44.491265],[-112.707815,44.503023],[-112.71911,44.504344],[-112.735084,44.499159],[-112.749011,44.491233],[-112.781294,44.484888],[-112.797863,44.466112],[-112.828191,44.442472],[-112.836034,44.422653],[-112.821896,44.407436],[-112.812608,44.392275],[-112.81324,44.378103],[-112.820489,44.370946],[-112.844859,44.358221],[-112.855395,44.359975],[-112.881769,44.380315],[-112.886041,44.395874],[-112.915602,44.402699],[-112.951146,44.416699],[-112.981682,44.434279],[-113.003544,44.450814],[-113.020917,44.493827],[-113.018636,44.520064],[-113.019777,44.528505],[-113.032722,44.537137],[-113.04282,44.546757],[-113.042363,44.565237],[-113.061071,44.577329],[-113.083819,44.60222],[-113.07376,44.613928],[-113.05677,44.618657],[-113.053529,44.621187],[-113.049349,44.62938],[-113.051504,44.63695],[-113.065589,44.649371],[-113.068306,44.656374],[-113.07042,44.667844],[-113.067756,44.672807],[-113.06776,44.679474],[-113.081906,44.691392],[-113.098064,44.697477],[-113.101154,44.708578],[-113.102138,44.729027],[-113.116874,44.738104],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.137704,44.760109],[-113.131387,44.764738],[-113.131453,44.772837],[-113.158206,44.780847],[-113.163806,44.778921],[-113.179366,44.787142],[-113.183395,44.793565],[-113.19436,44.802151],[-113.209624,44.80907],[-113.238729,44.814144],[-113.247166,44.82295],[-113.278382,44.812706],[-113.29683,44.803358],[-113.301508,44.798985],[-113.341704,44.784853],[-113.354034,44.791745],[-113.354763,44.795468],[-113.3461,44.800611],[-113.356062,44.819798],[-113.377153,44.834858],[-113.383984,44.8374],[-113.422376,44.842595],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.474573,44.910846],[-113.491121,44.927548],[-113.498745,44.942314],[-113.494446,44.948597],[-113.480836,44.95031],[-113.467467,44.948061],[-113.448958,44.953544],[-113.443782,44.95989],[-113.446884,44.998545],[-113.437726,45.006967],[-113.449909,45.035167],[-113.44912,45.046098],[-113.45197,45.059247],[-113.460578,45.064879],[-113.47377,45.0617],[-113.485278,45.063519],[-113.520134,45.093033],[-113.510819,45.099902],[-113.506638,45.107288],[-113.513342,45.115225],[-113.554744,45.112901],[-113.57467,45.128411],[-113.594632,45.166034],[-113.589891,45.176986],[-113.599506,45.191114],[-113.636889,45.212983],[-113.650064,45.23471],[-113.657027,45.241436],[-113.665633,45.246265],[-113.678749,45.24927],[-113.684946,45.253706],[-113.692039,45.265191],[-113.691557,45.270912],[-113.688077,45.276407],[-113.689359,45.28355],[-113.738729,45.329741],[-113.7402,45.34559],[-113.73553,45.364738],[-113.733092,45.390173],[-113.765203,45.410601],[-113.768058,45.418147],[-113.763368,45.427732],[-113.764591,45.431403],[-113.783272,45.451839],[-113.78416,45.454946],[-113.759986,45.480735],[-113.766022,45.520621],[-113.778361,45.523415],[-113.796579,45.523462],[-113.802849,45.523159],[-113.809144,45.519908],[-113.834555,45.520729],[-113.819868,45.566326],[-113.804796,45.580358],[-113.803261,45.584193],[-113.802955,45.592631],[-113.806729,45.602146],[-113.823068,45.612486],[-113.861404,45.62366],[-113.886006,45.61702],[-113.904691,45.622007],[-113.902539,45.636945],[-113.898883,45.644167],[-113.900588,45.648259],[-113.919752,45.658536],[-113.930403,45.671878],[-113.93422,45.682232],[-113.971565,45.700636],[-113.986656,45.704564],[-114.015633,45.696127],[-114.019315,45.692937],[-114.02007,45.670332],[-114.013786,45.658238],[-114.014973,45.654008],[-114.018731,45.648616],[-114.033456,45.648629],[-114.067619,45.627706],[-114.08179,45.611329],[-114.0821,45.596958],[-114.086584,45.59118],[-114.100308,45.586354],[-114.122322,45.58426],[-114.131469,45.574444],[-114.132359,45.572531],[-114.128601,45.568996],[-114.129099,45.565491],[-114.135249,45.557465],[-114.154837,45.552916],[-114.180043,45.551432],[-114.192802,45.536596],[-114.203665,45.53557],[-114.227942,45.546423],[-114.248121,45.545877],[-114.251836,45.537812],[-114.248183,45.533226],[-114.247824,45.524283],[-114.261616,45.495816],[-114.270717,45.486116],[-114.279217,45.480616],[-114.333218,45.459316],[-114.345019,45.459916],[-114.360719,45.474116],[-114.36562,45.490416],[-114.36852,45.492716],[-114.388618,45.502903],[-114.415804,45.509753],[-114.438991,45.536076],[-114.456764,45.543983],[-114.460542,45.561283],[-114.473759,45.563278],[-114.498176,45.555473],[-114.506341,45.559216],[-114.517761,45.568129],[-114.526075,45.570771],[-114.549508,45.56059],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.558253,45.585104],[-114.538132,45.606834],[-114.544905,45.616673],[-114.553937,45.619299],[-114.563305,45.631612],[-114.563652,45.637412],[-114.53577,45.650613],[-114.529678,45.65232],[-114.522142,45.64934],[-114.507645,45.658949],[-114.499637,45.669035],[-114.495421,45.703321],[-114.497553,45.710677],[-114.504869,45.722176],[-114.535634,45.739095],[-114.566172,45.773864],[-114.555487,45.786249],[-114.544692,45.791447],[-114.512973,45.828825],[-114.51704,45.833148],[-114.517143,45.835993],[-114.509303,45.845531],[-114.498809,45.850676],[-114.470296,45.851343],[-114.455532,45.855012],[-114.44868,45.858891],[-114.409477,45.85164],[-114.388243,45.88234],[-114.387166,45.889164],[-114.395059,45.901458],[-114.404314,45.903497],[-114.413168,45.911479],[-114.431159,45.935737],[-114.431328,45.938023],[-114.423681,45.9441],[-114.404708,45.9559],[-114.402261,45.961489],[-114.403712,45.967049],[-114.409353,45.97141],[-114.411892,45.977883],[-114.425843,45.984984],[-114.470965,45.995742],[-114.47729,46.000802],[-114.477922,46.009025],[-114.473811,46.016614],[-114.480241,46.030325],[-114.485793,46.030022],[-114.490572,46.032427],[-114.493418,46.03717],[-114.494683,46.042546],[-114.492153,46.04729],[-114.468529,46.062484],[-114.461864,46.078571],[-114.460049,46.097104],[-114.474415,46.112515],[-114.488303,46.113106],[-114.5213,46.125287],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.514706,46.167726],[-114.489254,46.167684],[-114.478333,46.160876],[-114.445928,46.173933],[-114.443215,46.202943],[-114.449819,46.237119],[-114.451912,46.241253],[-114.468254,46.248796],[-114.470479,46.26732],[-114.465024,46.273127],[-114.453257,46.270939],[-114.441326,46.2738],[-114.427309,46.283624],[-114.425587,46.287899],[-114.433478,46.305502],[-114.431708,46.310744],[-114.413758,46.335945],[-114.410682,46.360673],[-114.411592,46.366688],[-114.422458,46.387097],[-114.408974,46.400438],[-114.384756,46.411784],[-114.376413,46.442983],[-114.379338,46.460166],[-114.383051,46.466402],[-114.394447,46.469549],[-114.400068,46.47718],[-114.403019,46.498675],[-114.400257,46.502143],[-114.395204,46.503148],[-114.385871,46.50437],[-114.375348,46.501855],[-114.35874,46.505306],[-114.351655,46.508119],[-114.342072,46.519679],[-114.349208,46.529514],[-114.348733,46.533792],[-114.339533,46.564039],[-114.33175,46.571914],[-114.331338,46.577781],[-114.334992,46.588154],[-114.322519,46.611066],[-114.322912,46.642938],[-114.320665,46.646963],[-114.32456,46.653579],[-114.332887,46.660756],[-114.360709,46.669059],[-114.394514,46.664846],[-114.410907,46.657466],[-114.424424,46.660648],[-114.453239,46.649266],[-114.45425,46.640974],[-114.466902,46.631695],[-114.486218,46.632829],[-114.498007,46.637655],[-114.547321,46.644485],[-114.561582,46.642043],[-114.583385,46.633227],[-114.593292,46.632848],[-114.615036,46.639733],[-114.616354,46.643646],[-114.611676,46.647704],[-114.614716,46.655256],[-114.621483,46.658143],[-114.635713,46.659375],[-114.642713,46.673145],[-114.641745,46.679286],[-114.631898,46.68397],[-114.623198,46.691511],[-114.620859,46.707415],[-114.626695,46.712889],[-114.632954,46.715495],[-114.649388,46.73289],[-114.696656,46.740572],[-114.699008,46.740223],[-114.710425,46.717704],[-114.713516,46.715138],[-114.740115,46.711771],[-114.751921,46.697207],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-114.788656,46.714033],[-114.779668,46.730411],[-114.773765,46.731805],[-114.76718,46.738828],[-114.765127,46.745383],[-114.765106,46.758153],[-114.79004,46.778729],[-114.808587,46.78235],[-114.818161,46.781139],[-114.829117,46.782503],[-114.835917,46.791111],[-114.856874,46.801633],[-114.860067,46.804988],[-114.861376,46.81196],[-114.864342,46.813858],[-114.880588,46.811791],[-114.888146,46.808573],[-114.897857,46.813184],[-114.904505,46.822851],[-114.920459,46.827697],[-114.927837,46.83599],[-114.92845,46.843242],[-114.92349,46.847594],[-114.928615,46.854815],[-114.940398,46.85605],[-114.947413,46.859324],[-114.943281,46.867971],[-114.938713,46.869021],[-114.931608,46.876799],[-114.931058,46.882108],[-114.936805,46.897378],[-114.927948,46.909948],[-114.927432,46.914185],[-114.929997,46.919625],[-114.960597,46.93001],[-114.986539,46.952099],[-115.00091,46.967703],[-115.001274,46.971901],[-115.028386,46.975659],[-115.031651,46.971548],[-115.047857,46.969533],[-115.049538,46.970774],[-115.057098,46.986758],[-115.066223,46.996375],[-115.071254,47.022083],[-115.087806,47.045519],[-115.098136,47.048897],[-115.102681,47.047239],[-115.107132,47.049041],[-115.120917,47.061237],[-115.136671,47.078276],[-115.140375,47.093013],[-115.170436,47.106265],[-115.172938,47.112881],[-115.189451,47.131032],[-115.200547,47.139154],[-115.223246,47.148974],[-115.243707,47.150347],[-115.255146,47.162876],[-115.255786,47.174725],[-115.261885,47.181742],[-115.286353,47.18327],[-115.300504,47.188139],[-115.300805,47.19393],[-115.295986,47.205658],[-115.29211,47.209861],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.298794,47.225245],[-115.317124,47.233305],[-115.324832,47.244841],[-115.326903,47.255912],[-115.339201,47.261623],[-115.3593,47.259461],[-115.371825,47.265213],[-115.410685,47.264228],[-115.421645,47.271736],[-115.423173,47.276222],[-115.428359,47.278722],[-115.457077,47.277794],[-115.470959,47.284873],[-115.487314,47.286518],[-115.51186,47.295219],[-115.526751,47.303219],[-115.531971,47.314121],[-115.548658,47.332213],[-115.551079,47.349856],[-115.556318,47.353076],[-115.564766,47.353476],[-115.570887,47.356375],[-115.578619,47.367007],[-115.609492,47.380799],[-115.617247,47.382521],[-115.639186,47.378605],[-115.644341,47.381826],[-115.648479,47.390293],[-115.657681,47.400651],[-115.69057,47.415059],[-115.71034,47.417784],[-115.718934,47.420967],[-115.728801,47.428925],[-115.731348,47.433381],[-115.728801,47.445159],[-115.718247,47.45316],[-115.69293,47.457237],[-115.671188,47.45439],[-115.663867,47.456936],[-115.654318,47.468077],[-115.653044,47.476035],[-115.686704,47.485596],[-115.694106,47.498634],[-115.708748,47.51264],[-115.71034,47.52951],[-115.741371,47.538645],[-115.747263,47.543197],[-115.748536,47.549245],[-115.746945,47.555293],[-115.734674,47.567401],[-115.721207,47.576323],[-115.706473,47.577299],[-115.689404,47.595402],[-115.694284,47.62346],[-115.708537,47.635356],[-115.72993,47.642442],[-115.73627,47.654762],[-115.726613,47.672093],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-115.730764,47.704426],[-115.752349,47.716743],[-115.758623,47.719041],[-115.77177,47.717412],[-115.776219,47.719818],[-115.783504,47.729305],[-115.780441,47.743447],[-115.797299,47.75752],[-115.803917,47.75848],[-115.824597,47.752154],[-115.831755,47.755785],[-115.835365,47.760957],[-115.835069,47.77006],[-115.837438,47.774846],[-115.84044,47.780172],[-115.847487,47.785227],[-115.848509,47.809331],[-115.845474,47.814967],[-115.852291,47.827991],[-115.870861,47.834939],[-115.875262,47.843272],[-115.881522,47.849672],[-115.900934,47.843064],[-115.906409,47.846261],[-115.919291,47.857406],[-115.939993,47.883153],[-115.959946,47.898142],[-115.965153,47.910131],[-115.969076,47.914256],[-115.982791,47.915994],[-115.993678,47.926183],[-115.998236,47.938779],[-116.030751,47.973349],[-116.03834,47.971318],[-116.048421,47.97682],[-116.049977,48.237604],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-115.207912,48.999228],[-114.375977,49.00139],[-113.692982,48.997632],[-112.000878,48.998921],[-111.500812,48.996963],[-109.454023,49.001132],[-109.000708,48.999234],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-104.048054,48.500025],[-104.041662,47.862282],[-104.045333,47.343452],[-104.045237,46.125002],[-104.046822,46.000199],[-104.042597,45.749998],[-104.039681,44.998041],[-104.057698,44.997431],[-104.055914,44.874986],[-104.052583,42.650062],[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.497058,41.001805],[-104.855273,40.998048],[-105.730421,40.996886],[-106.217573,40.997734],[-106.439563,41.001978],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-108.526667,40.999608],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-109.534926,40.998143],[-110.006495,40.997815],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-110.539819,40.996346],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-111.046801,42.504946],[-111.043564,42.722624],[-111.046515,43.908376],[-111.047349,43.999921],[-111.049077,44.020072],[-111.048974,44.474072]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Montana\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"61","issue":"4-5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ae4b0764e6c65dc3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189993,"text":"70189993 - 2015 - Underpressure in Mesozoic and Paleozoic rock units in the Midcontinent of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-01T15:37:13","indexId":"70189993","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Underpressure in Mesozoic and Paleozoic rock units in the Midcontinent of the United States","docAbstract":"Potentiometric surfaces for Paleozoic strata, based on water well levels and selected drill-stem tests, reveal the control on hydraulic head exerted by outcrops in eastern Kansas and Oklahoma. From outcrop in the east, the westward climb of hydraulic head is much less than that of the land surface, with heads falling so far below land surface that the pressure:depth ratio in eastern Colorado is less than 5.7 kPa/m (0.25 psi/ft). Permian evaporites separate the Paleozoic hydrogeologic units from a Lower Cretaceous (Dakota Group) aquifer, and a highly saline brine plume pervading Paleozoic units in central Kansas and Oklahoma is attributed to dissolution of Permian halite. Underpressure also exists in the Lower Cretaceous hydrogeologic unit in the Denver Basin, which is hydrologically separate from the Paleozoic units. The data used to construct the seven potentiometric surfaces were also used to construct seven maps of pressure:depth ratio. These latter maps are a function of the differences among hydraulic head, land-surface elevation, and formation elevation. As a consequence, maps of pressure:depth ratio reflect the interplay of three topologies that evolved independently with time. As underpressure developed, gas migrated in response to the changing pressure regime, most notably filling the Hugoton gas field in southwestern Kansas. The timing of underpressure development was determined by the timing of outcrop exposure and tilting of the Great Plains. Explorationists in western Kansas and eastern Colorado should not be surprised if a reservoir is underpressured; rather, they should be surprised if it is not.","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/04171514169","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., Gianoutsos, N.J., and Drake II, R.M., 2015, Underpressure in Mesozoic and Paleozoic rock units in the Midcontinent of the United States: AAPG Bulletin, v. 99, no. 10, p. 1861-1892, https://doi.org/10.1306/04171514169.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1861","endPage":"1892","ipdsId":"IP-059467","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.2705078125,\n              43.45291889355465\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.4462890625,\n              33.211116472416855\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8896484375,\n              33.00866349457558\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.28515625,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.2705078125,\n              43.45291889355465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819315e4b0e2f5d463b79f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gianoutsos, Nicholas J. 0000-0002-6510-6549 ngianoutsos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-6549","contributorId":3607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gianoutsos","given":"Nicholas","email":"ngianoutsos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake II, Ronald M. 0000-0002-1770-4667 rmdrake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-4667","contributorId":172671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake II","given":"Ronald","email":"rmdrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189608,"text":"70189608 - 2015 - Refinements to the Graves and Pitarka (2010) Broadband Ground Motion Simulation Method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:17:34","indexId":"70189608","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refinements to the Graves and Pitarka (2010) Broadband Ground Motion Simulation Method","docAbstract":"This brief article describes refinements to the Graves and Pitarka (2010) broadband ground motion simulation methodology (GP2010 hereafter) that have been implemented in version 14.3 of the SCEC Broadband Platform (BBP). The updated version of our method on the current SCEC BBP is referred to as GP14.3. Our simulation technique is a hybrid approach that combines low-­‐frequency and high-­‐frequency motions computed with different methods into a single broadband response. The separate low-­‐ and high-­‐frequency components have traditionally been called “deterministic” and “stochastic”, respectively; however, this nomenclature is an oversimplification. In reality, the low-­‐frequency approach includes many stochastic elements, and likewise, the high-­‐frequency approach includes many deterministic elements (e.g., Pulido and Kubo, 2004; Hartzell et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2006; Frankel, 2009; Graves and Pitarka, 2010; Mai et al., 2010). While the traditional terminology will likely remain in use by the broader modeling community, in this paper we will refer to these using the generic terminology “low-­‐frequency” and “high-­‐ frequency” approaches. Furthermore, one of the primary goals in refining our methodology is to provide a smoother and more consistent transition between the low-­‐ and high-­‐ frequency calculations, with the ultimate objective being the development of a single unified modeling approach that can be applied over a broad frequency band. GP2010 was validated by modeling recorded strong motions from four California earthquakes. While the method performed well overall, several issues were identified including the tendency to over-­‐predict the level of longer period (2-­‐5 sec) motions and the effects of rupture directivity. The refinements incorporated in GP14.3 are aimed at addressing these issues with application to the simulation of earthquakes in Western US (WUS). These refinements include the addition of a deep weak zone (details in following section) to the rupture characterization and allowing perturbations in the correlation of rise time and rupture speed with the specified slip distribution. Additionally, we have extended the parameterization of GP14.3 so that it is also applicable for simulating Eastern North America (ENA) earthquakes. This work has been guided by the comprehensive set of validation studies described in Goulet and Abrahamson (2014) and Dreger et al. (2014). The GP14.3 method shows improved performance relative to GP2010, and we direct the interested reader to Dreger et al. (2014) for a detailed assessment of the current methodology. In this paper, we concentrate on describing the modifications in more detail, and also discussing additional refinements that are currently being developed.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220140101","usgsCitation":"Graves, R., and Arben Pitarka, 2015, Refinements to the Graves and Pitarka (2010) Broadband Ground Motion Simulation Method: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 1, p. 75-80, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140101.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"80","ipdsId":"IP-059617","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1409997","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"86","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb9e4b0d1f9f065a8bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, Robert 0000-0001-9758-453X rwgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":140738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arben Pitarka","contributorId":194800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arben Pitarka","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189616,"text":"70189616 - 2015 - Shaking intensity from injection-induced versus tectonic earthquakes in the central-eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T11:10:27","indexId":"70189616","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3568,"text":"The Leading Edge","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shaking intensity from injection-induced versus tectonic earthquakes in the central-eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although instrumental recordings of earthquakes in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) remain sparse, the U. S. Geological Survey's “Did you feel it?” (DYFI) system now provides excellent characterization of shaking intensities caused by induced and tectonic earthquakes. Seventeen CEUS events are considered between 2013 and 2015. It is shown that for 15 events, observed intensities at epicentral distances greater than ≈ 10 km are lower than expected given a published intensity-prediction equation for the region. Using simple published relations among intensity, magnitude, and stress drop, the results suggest that 15 of the 17 events have low stress drop. For those 15 events, intensities within ≈ 10-km epicentral distance are closer to predicted values, which can be explained as a consequence of relatively shallow source depths. The results suggest that those 15 events, most of which occurred in areas where induced earthquakes have occurred previously, were likely induced. Although moderate injection-induced earthquakes in the central and eastern United States will be felt widely because of low regional attenuation, the damage from shallow earthquakes induced by injection will be more localized to event epicenters than shaking tectonic earthquakes, which tend to be somewhat deeper. Within approximately 10 km of the epicenter, intensities are generally commensurate with predicted levels expected for the event magnitude.</span><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/tle34060690.1","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., 2015, Shaking intensity from injection-induced versus tectonic earthquakes in the central-eastern United States: The Leading Edge, v. 34, no. 6, p. 690-697, https://doi.org/10.1190/tle34060690.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"690","endPage":"697","ipdsId":"IP-063054","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              41.178653972331674\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.171875,\n              44.77793589631623\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.12792968749999,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.94140625,\n              32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5185546875,\n              33.358061612778876\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              41.178653972331674\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb8e4b0d1f9f065a8b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192139,"text":"70192139 - 2015 - Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T11:49:46","indexId":"70192139","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is assessing the undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group in onshore areas and State waters of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico region. The assessment is based on geologic elements of a total petroleum system. Four assessment units (AUs) are defined based on characterization of hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks, seals, traps, and the geohistory of the hydrocarbon products. Strata in each AU share similar stratigraphic, structural, and hydrocarbon-charge histories.\nThe Cotton Valley Group extends in the subsurface from southern Texas to the Florida Panhandle in an arcuate belt that crosses northern Louisiana, the southern part of Arkansas, and southern Mississippi and Alabama. Three of the AUs are quantitatively assessed for undiscovered volumes of hydrocarbons in conventional accumulations. The Cotton Valley Updip Oil AU includes areas between the maximum updip limit of the Cotton Valley Group and a curved belt of regional faults (included in the Peripheral Fault System AU). Hydrocarbon charge to this AU remains uncertain. The Peripheral Fault System Oil and Gas AU includes the Mexia, Talco, State Line, South Arkansas, Pickens, Gilbertown, and other fault segments, which trapped early oil that migrated from source rocks within the Smackover Formation. Hydrocarbons in the Downdip Oil and Gas AU are primarily associated with low-amplitude salt-related features in the East Texas, North Louisiana, and Mississippi salt basins. The Tight Sandstone Gas AU contains gas-charged sandstones previously referred to collectively as “massive.” Their reservoir properties are consistent with the USGS’s definition of continuous reservoirs, and their resources, therefore, are assessed using a separate methodology. Optimal coincidence of low-permeability sandstone, gas-mature source rocks, and complex structures of the regional Sabine feature encouraged development of a general “sweet spot” area in eastern Texas.","conferenceTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies 2015 65th Annual Convention","conferenceDate":"September 20-22, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Eoff, J.D., Dubiel, R.F., Pearson, O.N., and Whidden, K.J., 2015, Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies 2015 65th Annual Convention, v. 65, Houston, TX, September 20-22, 2015, p. 93-105.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-064950","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347044,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/065/065001/93_gcags650093.htm"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.4697265625,\n              24.287026865376436\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.62890625,\n              24.287026865376436\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.62890625,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.4697265625,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.4697265625,\n              24.287026865376436\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3ce4b06e28e9c252d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eoff, Jennifer D. jeoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":3418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eoff","given":"Jennifer","email":"jeoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearson, Ofori N. 0000-0002-9550-1128 opearson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-1128","contributorId":1680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Ofori","email":"opearson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70197944,"text":"70197944 - 2015 - 2014 M=6.0 South Napa earthquake triggered widespread aftershocks and stressed several major faults and exotic fault clusters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-28T16:28:25","indexId":"70197944","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2014 M=6.0 South Napa earthquake triggered widespread aftershocks and stressed several major faults and exotic fault clusters","docAbstract":"The strongest San Francisco Bay area earthquake since the 1989 Mw 7.0 Loma Prieta shock struck near Napa on 24 August 2014. Field mapping (Dawson et al., 2014; Earthquake Engineering Research Institute [EERI], 2014; Brocher et al., 2015) and seismic and geodetic source inversions (Barnhart et al., 2015; Dreger et al., 2015; Wei et al., 2015) indicate that a 15-km-long northwest-trending section of the West Napa Valley fault ruptured in the earthquake. Remarkably, it was the first indisputable surface rupture in the Bay area since 1906. The Napa event, along with other smaller earthquakes such as the 1980 Mw 5.8 Livermore and 1984 Mw 6.2 Morgan Hill events on the Calaveras and Hayward faults over the past 3–4 decades, may indicate that the Bay area region is emerging from the stress shadow of the 1906 Mw 7.8 San Francisco earthquake (Harris and Simpson, 1998; Pollitz et al., 2004). Since 1979, there has been a 140% increase in the rate of Mw≥4.1 shocks (Fig. 1) in the broader Bay area, with most concentrated in a corridor extending north from the 1989 Loma Prieta aftershock zone through the Calaveras, Greenville, Green Valley, Napa, and Rodgers Creek faults east of the San Francisco Bay (Fig. 1a). This corridor roughly coincides with the 1906 stress shadow that is being eroded away by more than a century of stress reaccumulation. The Napa event, as well as the surrounding faults on which we calculate the resulting hazard increases, all lie within this zone.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1785/0220150102","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., and Stein, R., 2015, 2014 M=6.0 South Napa earthquake triggered widespread aftershocks and stressed several major faults and exotic fault clusters: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 6, p. 1593-1602, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150102.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1602","ipdsId":"IP-065333","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.5357666015625,\n              36.804886560237236\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.16271972656249,\n              36.804886560237236\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.16271972656249,\n              38.69408504756833\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5357666015625,\n              38.69408504756833\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5357666015625,\n              36.804886560237236\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e9b7e4b060350a15d34c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, Shinji","contributorId":43062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross","contributorId":206051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155910,"text":"70155910 - 2015 - The cost of karst subsidence and sinkhole collapse in the United States compared with other natural hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-09T17:02:43.267957","indexId":"70155910","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"The cost of karst subsidence and sinkhole collapse in the United States compared with other natural hazards","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rocks with potential for karst formation are found in all 50 states. Damage due to karst subsidence and sinkhole collapse is a natural hazard of national scope. Repair of damage to buildings, highways, and other infrastructure represents a significant national cost. Sparse and incomplete data show that the average cost of karst-related damages in the United States over the last 15 years is estimated to be at least \\$300,000,000 per year and the actual total is probably much higher. This estimate is lower than the estimated annual costs for other natural hazards; flooding, hurricanes and cyclonic storms, tornadoes, landslides, earthquakes, or wildfires, all of which average over $1 billion per year. Very few state organizations track karst subsidence and sinkhole damage mitigation costs; none occurs at the Federal level. Many states discuss the karst hazard in their State hazard mitigation plans, but seldom include detailed reports of subsidence incidents or their mitigation costs. Most State highway departments do not differentiate karst subsidence or sinkhole collapse from other road repair costs. Amassing of these data would raise the estimated annual cost considerably. Information from insurance organizations about sinkhole damage claims and payouts is also not readily available. Currently there is no agency with a mandate for developing such data. If a more realistic estimate could be made, it would illuminate the national scope of this hazard and make comparison with costs of other natural hazards more realistic.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"14th Sinkhole Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"14th Sinkhole Conference","conferenceDate":"October 5-6, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Rochester, MN","language":"English","publisher":"University of South Florida","publisherLocation":"Tampa, FL","doi":"10.5038/9780991000951","usgsCitation":"Weary, D.J., 2015, The cost of karst subsidence and sinkhole collapse in the United States compared with other natural hazards, <i>in</i> 14th Sinkhole Conference, Rochester, MN, October 5-6, 2015, p. 433-446, https://doi.org/10.5038/9780991000951.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"446","ipdsId":"IP-066516","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5038/9780991000951","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcae4b0a7fdb43ddef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159401,"text":"70159401 - 2015 - Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study california ridgway's rail (<i>Rallus obseoletus obsoletus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T09:02:44","indexId":"70159401","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study california ridgway's rail (<i>Rallus obseoletus obsoletus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>The clapper rail (<i>Rallus longirostris</i>) recently was split into two sister groups (Chesser et al. 2014) on the basis of phylogenetic analyses (Maley and Brumfield 2013). The original grouping is now represented on the East Coast of North America by the Clapper rail (<i>Rallus crepitans</i>) and on the West Coast by the Ridgway’s rail (<i>Rallus obsoletus</i>). The California Ridgeway’s rail (<i>Rallus obsoletus obsoletus</i>; hereafter California rail) is the largest of 3 Ridgway’s rail subspecies which also include <i>R. o. levipes</i> (light-footed rail) and <i>R. o. yumanensis</i> (Yuma rail) (Eddleman and Conway 1994). The California rail is also the largest resident terrestrial vertebrate that lives solely in San Francisco Bay salt marshes. Formerly present in salt marsh along the California coast from Morro Bay to Humboldt Bay, by the early 1970s the California rail was breeding only in Elkhorn Slough and San Francisco Bay (Gill 1979). Population declines throughout the 19th and 20th centuries were attributed predominately to land conversion, development, and fragmentation of marshlands (USFWS 2013). However, exotic predators such as red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) and Norway rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) are also implicated in population declines (USFWS 2013).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The baylands and climate change what we can do: Baylands ecosystem habitat goals science update 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"California State Coastal Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Overton, C.T., and Wood, J., 2015, Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study california ridgway's rail (<i>Rallus obseoletus obsoletus</i>), 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059530","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310651,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://baylandsgoals.org/case-studies/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.29406738281249,\n              36.86204269508728\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.8551025390625,\n              36.86204269508728\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.8551025390625,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.29406738281249,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.29406738281249,\n              36.86204269508728\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d538e4b0e541a03d4527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Julian","contributorId":149442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Julian","affiliations":[{"id":17734,"text":"Point Blue Conservation Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}