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It is one in a series of adaptive management plans designed to achieve TNC's mission toward the protection and enhancement of native wildlife and habitat. The 'Terrestrial Forest Management Plan for Palmyra Atoll' focuses on ecosystem integrity and specifically identifies and addresses issues related to assessing the status and distribution of resources, as well as the pressures acting upon them, most specifically nonnative and potentially invasive species. The plan, which presents strategies for increasing ecosystem integrity, provides a framework to implement and track the progress of conservation and restoration goals related to terrestrial resources on Palmyra Atoll. The report in its present form is intended to be an overview of what is known about historical and current forest resources; it is not an exhaustive review of all available literature relevant to forest management but an attempt to assemble as much information specific to Palmyra Atoll as possible.\r\n\r\nPalmyra Atoll is one of the Northern Line Islands in the Pacific Ocean southwest of the Hawai`ian Islands. It consists of many heavily vegetated islets arranged in a horseshoe pattern around four lagoons and surrounded by a coral reef. The terrestrial ecosystem consists of three primary native vegetation types: Pisonia grandis forest, coastal strand forest, and grassland. Among these vegetation types, the health and extent of Pisonia grandis forest is of particular concern. Overall, the three vegetation types support 25 native plant species (two of which may be extirpated), 14 species of sea birds, six shore birds, at least one native reptile, at least seven native insects, and six native land crabs. Green and hawksbill turtles forage at Palmyra Atoll, and though rarely documented, beach nesting could be affected by terrestrial management actions. There are various nonnative or invasive species throughout the terrestrial ecosystem. The most notable examples of terrestrial invasive species include coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) and black rats (Rattus rattus). Although it is unclear whether they are nonnative, coconut palms are currently the most dominant plant across Palmyra Atoll. They compete with native plant species for space and resources and are potentially detrimental to sea birds dependent on native vegetation for roosting and nesting habitat. This competition in turn impacts nutrient resource availability, thereby reshaping energy flow in the ecosystem. Black rats are known to prey on ground-nesting sea birds and are likely responsible for the lack of burrowing sea bird reproduction at Palmyra Atoll. In addition, they may be facilitating the invasion of other nonnative species and negatively impacting other native fauna. Although the extent and impacts of these and other nonnative and (or) invasive species are not fully understood, the extent and impacts are clearly a threat to the native species and one of the most urgent threats to the overall ecosystem integrity of Palmyra Atoll.\r\n\r\nThis 'Terrestrial Forest Management Plan for Palmyra Atoll' addresses issues related to invasive species and other problems. Priority goals are established as are associated objectives and strategies. The overarching goal is to perpetuate and where possible restore terrestrial ecosystem integrity through the following techniques:\r\n\r\n 1. Habitat management: Maintain and enhance habitat to the extent possible to sustain thriving Pisonia grandis forest, coastal strand forest, endemic grassland, self-sustaining populations of sea birds, shore birds, coconut crabs, native lizards, and native insects.\r\n 2. Monitoring and assessment: Acquire information on distribution and abundance as needed for conservation of each resour","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111007","collaboration":"Prepared for The Nature Conservancy Palmyra Program","usgsCitation":"Hathaway, S.A., McEachern, K., and Fisher, R.N., 2011, Terrestrial forest management plan for Palmyra Atoll: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1007, v, 53 p.; Tables; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111007.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.; Tables; Appendix","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1007.jpg"},{"id":14438,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68503d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hathaway, Stacie A. 0000-0002-4167-8059 sahathaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-8059","contributorId":3420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"Stacie","email":"sahathaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEachern, Kathryn kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","contributorId":2411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99003,"text":"ofr20111017 - 2011 - Relative abundance and distribution of fishes and crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:49","indexId":"ofr20111017","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1017","title":"Relative abundance and distribution of fishes and crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, 2007-08","docAbstract":"This study provides baseline data of native and non-native fish populations in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Nye County, Nevada, that can serve as a gauge in native fish enhancement efforts. In support of Carson Slough restoration, comprehensive surveys of Ash Meadows NWR fishes were conducted seasonally from fall 2007 through summer 2008. A total of 853 sampling stations were created using Geographic Information Systems and National Agricultural Imagery Program. In four seasons of sampling, Amargosa pupfish (genus Cyprinodon) was captured at 388 of 659 stations. The number of captured Amargosa pupfish ranged from 5,815 (winter 2008) to 8,346 (summer 2008). The greatest success in capturing Amargosa pupfish was in warm water spring-pools with temperature greater than 25 degrees C, headwaters of warm water spring systems, and shallow (depths less than 10 centimeters) grassy marshes. In four seasons of sampling, Ash Meadows speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus nevadesis) was captured at 96 of 659 stations. The number of captured Ash Meadows speckled dace ranged from 1,009 (summer 2008) to 1,552 (winter 2008). The greatest success in capturing Ash Meadows speckled dace was in cool water spring-pools with temperature less than 20 degrees C and in the high flowing water outflows. Among 659 sampling stations within the range of Amargosa pupfish, red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was collected at 458 stations, western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) at 374 stations, and sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) at 128 stations. School Springs was restored during the course of this study. Prior to restoration of School Springs, maximum Warm Springs Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis) captured from the six springs of the Warm Springs Complex was 765 (fall 2007). In four seasons of sampling, Warm Springs Amargosa pupfish were captured at 85 of 177 stations. The greatest success in capturing Warm Springs Amargosa pupfish when co-occurring with red swamp crayfish and western mosquitofish was in water with temperature greater than 26 degrees C near the springhead, and in shallow (depths less than 10 centimeters) grassy marshes. Among 177 sampling stations within the range of Warm Springs Amargosa pupfish, red swamp crayfish were collected at 96 stations and western mosquitofish were collected at 49 stations. Removal of convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) from Fairbanks Spring was followed by a substantial increase in Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes) captures from 910 pre-removal to 3,056 post-removal. Red swamp crayfish was continually removed from Bradford 1 Spring, which seemed to cause an increase in the speckled dace population. Restoration of Kings Pool and Jackrabbit Springs promoted the success of native fishes with the greatest densities in restored reaches. Ongoing restoration of Carson Slough and its tributaries, as well as control and elimination of invasive species, is expected to increase abundance and distribution of Ash Meadows' native fish populations. Further analysis of data from this study will help determine the habitat characteristic(s) that promote native species and curtail non-native species. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111017","usgsCitation":"Scoppettone, G.G., Rissler, P., Johnson, D., and Hereford, M., 2011, Relative abundance and distribution of fishes and crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1017, iv, 27 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111017.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1017.bmp"},{"id":14440,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63446c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scoppettone, G. Gary","contributorId":61137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rissler, Peter","contributorId":83647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rissler","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Danielle danielle_johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Danielle","email":"danielle_johnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hereford, Mark","contributorId":88067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98998,"text":"ofr20101312 - 2011 - Overview of the ARkStorm scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T22:54:31.860969","indexId":"ofr20101312","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-14T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1312","title":"Overview of the ARkStorm scenario","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, Multi Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) uses hazards science to improve resiliency of communities to natural disasters including earthquakes, tsunamis, wildfires, landslides, floods and coastal erosion. The project engages emergency planners, businesses, universities, government agencies, and others in preparing for major natural disasters. The project also helps to set research goals and provides decision-making information for loss reduction and improved resiliency. The first public product of the MHDP was the ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario published in May 2008. This detailed depiction of a hypothetical magnitude 7.8 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault in southern California served as the centerpiece of the largest earthquake drill in United States history, involving over 5,000 emergency responders and the participation of over 5.5 million citizens.

This document summarizes the next major public project for MHDP, a winter storm scenario called ARkStorm (for Atmospheric River 1,000). Experts have designed a large, scientifically realistic meteorological event followed by an examination of the secondary hazards (for example, landslides and flooding), physical damages to the built environment, and social and economic consequences. The hypothetical storm depicted here would strike the U.S. West Coast and be similar to the intense California winter storms of 1861 and 1862 that left the central valley of California impassible. The storm is estimated to produce precipitation that in many places exceeds levels only experienced on average once every 500 to 1,000 years.

Extensive flooding results. In many cases flooding overwhelms the state’s flood-protection system, which is typically designed to resist 100- to 200-year runoffs. The Central Valley experiences hypothetical flooding 300 miles long and 20 or more miles wide. Serious flooding also occurs in Orange County, Los Angeles County, San Diego, the San Francisco Bay area, and other coastal communities. Windspeeds in some places reach 125 miles per hour, hurricane-force winds. Across wider areas of the state, winds reach 60 miles per hour. Hundreds of landslides damage roads, highways, and homes. Property damage exceeds $300 billion, most from flooding. Demand surge (an increase in labor rates and other repair costs after major natural disasters) could increase property losses by 20 percent. Agricultural losses and other costs to repair lifelines, dewater (drain) flooded islands, and repair damage from landslides, brings the total direct property loss to nearly $400 billion, of which $20 to $30 billion would be recoverable through public and commercial insurance. Power, water, sewer, and other lifelines experience damage that takes weeks or months to restore. Flooding evacuation could involve 1.5 million residents in the inland region and delta counties. Business interruption costs reach $325 billion in addition to the $400 billion property repair costs, meaning that an ARkStorm could cost on the order of $725 billion, which is nearly 3 times the loss deemed to be realistic by the ShakeOut authors for a severe southern California earthquake, an event with roughly the same annual occurrence probability.

The ARkStorm has several public policy implications: (1) An ARkStorm raises serious questions about the ability of existing federal, state, and local disaster planning to handle a disaster of this magnitude. (2) A core policy issue raised is whether to pay now to mitigate, or pay a lot more later for recovery. (3) Innovative financing solutions are likely to be needed to avoid fiscal crisis and adequately fund response and recovery costs from a similar, real, disaster. (4) Responders and government managers at all levels could be encouraged to conduct risk assessments, and devise the full spectrum of exercises, to exercise ability of their plans to address a similar event. (5) ARkStorm can be a reference point for application of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and California Emergency Management Agency guidance connecting federal, state and local natural hazards mapping and mitigation planning under the National Flood Insurance Plan and Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. (6) Common messages to educate the public about the risk of such an extreme disaster as the ARkStorm scenario could be developed and consistently communicated to facilitate policy formulation and transformation.

These impacts were estimated by a team of 117 scientists, engineers, public-policy experts, insurance experts, and employees of the affected lifelines. In many aspects the ARkStorm produced new science, such as the model of coastal inundation. The products of the ARkStorm are intended for use by emergency planners, utility operators, policymakers, and others to inform preparedness plans and to enhance resiliency.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101312","collaboration":"Multihazards Demonstration Project","usgsCitation":"Porter, K., Wein, A., Alpers, C.N., Baez, A., Barnard, P.L., Carter, J., Corsi, A., Costner, J., Cox, D., Das, T., Dettinger, M., Done, J., Eadie, C., Eymann, M., Ferris, J., Gunturi, P., Hughes, M., Jarrett, R., Johnson, L., Le-Griffin, H.D., Mitchell, D., Morman, S., Neiman, P., Olsen, A., Perry, S., Plumlee, G., Ralph, M., Reynolds, D., Rose, A., Schaefer, K., Serakos, J., Siembieda, W., Stock, J.D., Strong, D., Wing, I.S., Tang, A., Thomas, P., Topping, K., Wills, C., and Jones, L., 2011, Overview of the ARkStorm scenario: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1312, Report: xvi, 183 p.; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101312.","productDescription":"Report: xvi, 183 p.; 2 Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1312.gif"},{"id":14435,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395510,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94815.htm"},{"id":383728,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1312/of2010-1312_appendix_b.pdf","text":"Appendix B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383727,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1312/of2010-1312_appendix_a.pdf","text":"Appendix 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Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Strong, David","contributorId":101767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Wing, Ian Sue","contributorId":71827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wing","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"Sue","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Tang, Alex","contributorId":63666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Thomas, Pete","contributorId":58513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Pete","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Topping, Ken","contributorId":74626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Wills, Chris","contributorId":61697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Jones, Lucile","contributorId":9639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40}]}} ,{"id":98995,"text":"ofr20101323 - 2011 - Geochemical characteristics of Holocene laminated sapropel (unit II) and underlying lacustrine unit III in the Black Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20101323","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1323","title":"Geochemical characteristics of Holocene laminated sapropel (unit II) and underlying lacustrine unit III in the Black Sea","docAbstract":"eg 1 of the 1988 R/V Knorr expeditions to the Black Sea recovered 90 gravity and box cores. The longest recovery by gravity cores was about 3 meters, with an average of about 2.5 meters, recovering all of the Holocene and upper Pleistocene sections in the Black Sea. During the latest Pleistocene glaciation, sea level dropped below the 35-meters-deep Bosporus outlet sill of the Black Sea. Therefore throughout most of its history the Black Sea was a lake, and most of its sediments are lacustrine.\r\n\r\nThe oldest sediments recovered (older than 8,000 calendar years) consist of massive to coarsely banded lacustrine calcareous clay designated as lithologic Unit III, generally containing less than 1 percent organic carbon (OC). The base of overlying Unit II marks the first incursion of Mediterranean seawater into the Black Sea, and the onset of bottom-water anoxia about 7,900 calendar years. Unit II contains as much as 15 percent OC in cores from the deepest part of the Black Sea (2,200 meters). The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) remains of the coccolith Emiliania huxleyi form the distinctive white laminae of overlying Unit I.\r\n\r\nThe composition of Unit III and Unit II sediments are quite different, reflecting different terrigenous clastic sources and increased contributions from hydrogenous and biogenic components in anoxic Unit II sapropel. In Unit II, positive covariance between OC and three trace elements commonly concentrated in OC-rich sediments where sulfate reduction has occurred (molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium) and a nutrient (phosphorus) suggest a large marine source for these elements although nickel and vanadium also have a large terrigenous clastic source. The marine sources may be biogenic or hydrogenous. A large biogenic source is also suggested for copper and cobalt. Because abundant pyrite forms in the water column and sediments of the Black Sea, we expected to find a large hydrogenous iron component, but a strong covariance of iron with aluminum suggests that the dominant source of iron is from terrigenous clastic material. Most elements in lacustrine Unit III sediments have a strong covariance with Al indicating a very dominant terrigenous source. In Unit II, some elements, especially nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, and zinc, do not correlate with aluminum and have concentrations well above terrigenous clastic material, indicating a marine source.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101323","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., and Arthur, M.A., 2011, Geochemical characteristics of Holocene laminated sapropel (unit II) and underlying lacustrine unit III in the Black Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1323, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101323.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14429,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1323/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 26,40 ], [ 26,47.5 ], [ 42,47.5 ], [ 42,40 ], [ 26,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, Michael A.","contributorId":90018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9000558,"text":"ofr20111002 - 2011 - Seasonal Flux and Assemblage Composition of Planktic Foraminifera from the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20111002","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1002","title":"Seasonal Flux and Assemblage Composition of Planktic Foraminifera from the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey established a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico to collect time-series data on the flux and assemblage composition of live planktic foraminifers. This report provides an update of the 2008 time-series data to include results from 2009. Ten species, or varieties, of planktic foraminifers constitute >90 percent of the assemblage: Globigerinoides ruber (pink and white varieties), Gs. sacculifer, Globigerina calida, Globigerinella aequilateralis, Globorotalia menardii group, Gt. truncatulinoides, Pulleniatina spp., Orbulina universa, and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. The mean daily flux is about 215 tests per square meter per day, with maximum fluxes of >800 tests per square meter per day during early February and minimum fluxes of <20 tests per square meter per day during early October. Globorotalia truncatulinoides shows a clear preference for the winter and continues to provide the greatest number of tests for 2009, consistent with data from 2008. Globigerinoides ruber (white variety) flux increased more than 3 orders of magnitude from an average of 3 tests per square meter per day in 2008 to 11 tests per square meter per day in 2009. However, though Gs. ruber (white) abundance increased from 1.5 percent in 2008 to 4.9 percent in 2009, it continues to be a minor contributor to the total assemblage composition, in contrast to assemblage records from nearby sediments that indicate Gs. ruber (white) typically comprises approximately 20-30 percent of the assemblage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111002","usgsCitation":"Spear, J.W., and Poore, R.Z., 2011, Seasonal Flux and Assemblage Composition of Planktic Foraminifera from the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1002, 17 p.; XLS Download of Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111002.","productDescription":"17 p.; XLS Download of Table 1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19185,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,20 ], [ -100,33 ], [ -80,33 ], [ -80,20 ], [ -100,20 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spear, Jessica W. jspear@usgs.gov","contributorId":3619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Jessica","email":"jspear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98527,"text":"ofr20101146 - 2010 - Coastal vulnerability assessment of the Northern Gulf of Mexico to sea-level rise and coastal change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T11:59:08.51909","indexId":"ofr20101146","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-30T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1146","displayTitle":"Coastal Vulnerability Assessment of the Northern Gulf of Mexico to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Change","title":"Coastal vulnerability assessment of the Northern Gulf of Mexico to sea-level rise and coastal change","docAbstract":"A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was used to map the relative vulnerability of the coast to future sea-level rise along the Northern Gulf of Mexico from Galveston, TX, to Panama City, FL. The CVI ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to sea-level rise-related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level rise, historical shoreline change rate, mean tidal range, and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each variable are combined and an index value is calculated for 1-kilometer grid cells along the coast. The CVI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level rise might be the greatest. The CVI assessment presented here builds on an earlier assessment conducted for the Gulf of Mexico. Recent higher resolution shoreline change, land loss, elevation, and subsidence data provide the foundation for a better assessment for the Northern Gulf of Mexico. The areas along the Northern Gulf of Mexico that are likely to be most vulnerable to sea-level rise are parts of the Louisiana Chenier Plain, Teche-Vermillion Basin, and the Mississippi barrier islands, as well as most of the Terrebonne and Barataria Bay region and the Chandeleur Islands. These very high vulnerability areas have the highest rates of relative sea-level rise and the highest rates of shoreline change or land area loss. The information provided by coastal vulnerability assessments can be used in long-term coastal management and policy decision making.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Barras, J., Williams, S., and Twichell, D., 2010, Coastal vulnerability assessment of the Northern Gulf of Mexico to sea-level rise and coastal change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1146, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101146.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1146/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":13917,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":384763,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1146/ofr20101146.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1146"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97,25 ], [ -97,30 ], [ -82,30 ], [ -82,25 ], [ -97,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"

Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, E.A.","contributorId":9742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barras, J.A.","contributorId":44260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S.J.","contributorId":85203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007220,"text":"ofr20101093 - 2010 - Whole-rock analyses of core samples from the 1988 drilling of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"ofr20101093","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1093","title":"Whole-rock analyses of core samples from the 1988 drilling of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report presents and evaluates 64 major-element analyses of previously unanalyzed Kilauea Iki drill core, plus three samples from the 1959 and 1960 eruptions of Kilauea, obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis during the period 1992 to 1995. All earlier major-element analyses of Kilauea Iki core, obtained by classical (gravimetric) analysis, were reported and evaluated in Helz and others (1994). In order to assess how well the newer data compare with this earlier suite of analyses, a subset of 24 samples, which had been analyzed by classical analysis, was reanalyzed using the XRF technique; those results are presented and evaluated in this report also. The XRF analyses have not been published previously. This report also provides an overview of how the chemical variations observed in these new data fit in with the chemical zonation patterns and petrologic processes inferred in earlier studies of Kilauea Iki.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101093","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.T., and Taggart, J.E., 2010, Whole-rock analyses of core samples from the 1988 drilling of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1093, iv, 29 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101093.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.; Tables","temporalStart":"1988-01-01","temporalEnd":"1988-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1093.jpg"},{"id":115704,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Iki Lava Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd08de4b08c986b32ef0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":85587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind","email":"","middleInitial":"Tuthill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taggart, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":66317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006098,"text":"ofr20101330 - 2010 - Geomorphology and depositional subenvironments of Gulf Islands National Seashore, Perdido Key and Santa Rosa Island, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T14:56:47.427165","indexId":"ofr20101330","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1330","title":"Geomorphology and depositional subenvironments of Gulf Islands National Seashore, Perdido Key and Santa Rosa Island, Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is studying coastal hazards and coastal change to improve our understanding of coastal ecosystems and to develop better capabilities of predicting future coastal change. One approach to understanding the dynamics of coastal systems is to monitor changes in barrier-island subenvironments through time. This involves examining morphologic and topographic change at temporal scales ranging from millennia to years and spatial scales ranging from tens of kilometers to meters. Of particular interest are the processes that produce those changes and the determination of whether or not those processes are likely to persist into the future. In these analyses of hazards and change, both natural and anthropogenic influences are considered. Quantifying past magnitudes and rates of coastal change and knowing the principal factors that govern those changes are critical to predicting what changes are likely to occur under different scenarios, such as short-term impacts of extreme storms or long-term impacts of sea-level rise. Gulf Islands National Seashore was selected for detailed mapping of barrier-island morphology and topography because the islands offer a diversity of depositional subenvironments and because island areas and positions have changed substantially in historical time. The geomorphologic and subenvironmental maps emphasize the processes that formed the surficial features and also serve as a basis for documenting which subenvironments are relatively stable, such as the vegetated barrier core, and those which are highly dynamic, such as the beach and inactive overwash zones.\nThe primary mapping procedures were supervised functions within a Geographic Information System (GIS) that were applied to delineate and classify depositional subenvironments and features, collectively referred to as map units. The delineated boundaries of the map units were exported to create one shapefile, and are differentiated by the field \"Type\" in the associated attribute table. Map units were delineated and classified based on differences in tonal patterns of features in contrast to adjacent features observed on orthophotography. Land elevations from recent lidar surveys served as supplementary data to assist in delineating the map unit boundaries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101330","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., and Montgomery, M.C., 2010, Geomorphology and depositional subenvironments of Gulf Islands National Seashore, Perdido Key and Santa Rosa Island, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1330, HTML Document: 3 Plates: 34.00 x 44.01 inches; Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101330.","productDescription":"HTML Document: 3 Plates: 34.00 x 44.01 inches; Dataset","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423270,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94714.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110951,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1330/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Islands National Seashore, Perdido Key, Santa Rosa Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.42756910118067,\n 30.329523529268045\n ],\n [\n -87.48836081585162,\n 30.286087521833977\n ],\n [\n -86.5028678919051,\n 30.374099281627934\n ],\n [\n -86.52689931130675,\n 30.429898811234565\n ],\n [\n -87.42756910118067,\n 30.329523529268045\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montgomery, Marilyn C.","contributorId":76876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006096,"text":"ofr20101305 - 2010 - Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Broad River basin through March 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:23:45","indexId":"ofr20101305","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1305","title":"Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Broad River basin through March 2008","docAbstract":"In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, initiated a study to update low-flow statistics at continuous-record streamgaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in South Carolina. This report presents the low-flow statistics for 23 selected streamgaging stations in the Broad River basin in South Carolina, and includes flow durations of 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 75-, 90-, and 95-percent probability of exceedance and the annual minimum 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day mean flows with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 years, depending on the length of record available at the streamgaging station. The low-flow statistics were computed from records available through March 31, 2008. In addition, flow duration information is presented for one streamgaging station 021556525, Pacolet River below Lake Blalock near Cowpens, SC, where recurrence interval computations were not appropriate.\nOf the 23 streamgaging stations for which recurrence interval computations were made, 14 had low-flow statistics that were published in previous U.S. Geological Survey reports. A comparison of the low-flow statistics for the minimum mean flow for a 7-consecutive-day period with a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10) from this study with the most recently published values indicated that 8 of the 14 streamgaging stations had values that were within plus or minus 25 percent of the previous value. Ten of the 14 streamgaging stations had negative percent differences indicating the low-flow statistic had decreased since the previous study, and 4 streamgaging stations had positive percent differences indicating that the low-flow statistic had increased since the previous study. The low-flow statistics are influenced by length of record, hydrologic regime under which the record was collected, techniques used to do the analysis, and other changes, such as urbanization, diversions, and so on, that may have occurred in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101305","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Guimaraes, W.B., and Feaster, T., 2010, Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Broad River basin through March 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1305, vi, 47p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101305.","productDescription":"vi, 47p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1305.jpg"},{"id":110950,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1305/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.5,34 ], [ -82.5,36 ], [ -80.5,36 ], [ -80.5,34 ], [ -82.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006107,"text":"ofr20091275 - 2010 - Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T13:26:41","indexId":"ofr20091275","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1275","title":"Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008","docAbstract":"The Upper Floridan aquifer is contaminated with saltwater in a 2-square-mile area of downtown Brunswick, Georgia. This contamination has limited development of the groundwater supply in the Glynn County area. Hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data are needed to effectively manage water resources. Since 1959, the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted a cooperative water program with the City of Brunswick to monitor and assess the effect of groundwater development on saltwater contamination of the Floridan aquifer system. During calendar year 2008, the cooperative water program included continuous water-level recording of 12 wells completed in the Floridan, Brunswick, and surficial aquifer systems; collecting water levels from 21 wells to map the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer during July 2008; and collecting and analyzing water samples from 26 wells to map chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer during July 2008. Equipment was installed on 3 wells for real-time water level and specific conductance monitoring. In addition, work was continued to refine an existing groundwater-flow model for evaluation of water-management scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Brunswick and Glynn County","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., Peck, M., Painter, J.A., and Stayton, W.L., 2010, Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1275, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091275.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"60","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1275.jpg"},{"id":110960,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Glynn County","city":"Brunswick","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 30.85625820510563\n ],\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 31.399363152588798\n ],\n [\n -81.15188598632812,\n 31.399363152588798\n ],\n [\n -81.15188598632812,\n 30.85625820510563\n ],\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 30.85625820510563\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db64140b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stayton, Welby L.","contributorId":19573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stayton","given":"Welby","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006080,"text":"ofr20101169 - 2010 - Continuous tidal streamflow, water level, and specific conductance data for Union Creek and the Little Back, Middle, and Front Rivers, Savannah River Estuary, November 2008 to March 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:15:33","indexId":"ofr20101169","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1169","title":"Continuous tidal streamflow, water level, and specific conductance data for Union Creek and the Little Back, Middle, and Front Rivers, Savannah River Estuary, November 2008 to March 2009","docAbstract":"In the Water Resource Development Act of 1999, the U.S. Congress authorized the deepening of the Savannah Harbor. Additional studies were then identified by the Georgia Ports Authority and other local and regional stakeholders to determine and fully describe the potential environmental effects of deepening the channel. One need that was identified was the validation of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model developed to evaluate mitigation scenarios for a potential harbor deepening and the effects on the Savannah River estuary. The streamflow in the estuary is very complex due to reversing tidal flows, interconnections of streams and tidal creeks, and the daily flooding and draining of the marshes. The model was calibrated using very limited streamflow data and no continuous streamflow measurements. To better characterize the streamflow dynamics and mass transport of the estuary, two index-velocity sites were instrumented with continuous acoustic velocity, water level, and specific conductance sensors on the Little Back and Middle Rivers for the 5-month period of November 2008 through March 2009. During the same period, a third acoustic velocity meter was installed on the Front River just downstream from U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging station 02198920 (Savannah River at GA 25, at Port Wentworth, Georgia) where water level and specific conductance data were being collected. A fourth index-velocity site was instrumented with continuous acoustic velocity, water level, and specific conductance sensors on Union Creek for a 2-month period starting in November 2008. In addition to monitoring the tidal cycles, streamflow measurements were made at the four index-velocity sites to develop ratings to compute continuous discharge for each site. The maximum flood (incoming) and ebb (outgoing) tides measured on Little Back River were –4,570 and 7,990 cubic feet per second, respectively. On Middle River, the maximum flood and ebb tides measured were –9,630 and 13,600 cubic feet per second, respectively. On Front River, the maximum flood and ebb tides were –34,500 and 43,700 cubic feet per second, respectively; and on Union Creek, the maximum flood and ebb tides were –2,390 and 4,610 cubic feet per second, respectively. During the 5-month instrumentation deployment, computed tidal streamflows on Little Back River ranged from –7,820 to 9,600 cubic feet per second for the flood and ebb tides, respectively. On Middle River, the computed tidal streamflows ranged from –17,500 to 22,500 cubic feet per second for the flood and ebb tides, respectively. The computed tidal streamflows on Front River ranged from –78,900 to 87,200 cubic feet per second, and from –3,850 to 6,130 cubic feet per second on Union Creek for the flood and ebb tides, respectively. The streamgages on the Little Back, Middle, and Front Rivers have continued in operation following the initial 5-month deployment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101169","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Lanier, T.H., and Conrads, P., 2010, Continuous tidal streamflow, water level, and specific conductance data for Union Creek and the Little Back, Middle, and Front Rivers, Savannah River Estuary, November 2008 to March 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1169, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101169.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"31","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-11-01","temporalEnd":"2009-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1169.jpg"},{"id":110937,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Front River, Little Back River, Middle River, Savannah River Estuary, Union Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.43341064453125,\n 31.868227816180674\n ],\n [\n -81.43341064453125,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -80.79071044921875,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -80.79071044921875,\n 31.868227816180674\n ],\n [\n -81.43341064453125,\n 31.868227816180674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4799e4b07f02db48fbbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanier, Timothy H. 0000-0001-5104-3308 thlanier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-3308","contributorId":4171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanier","given":"Timothy","email":"thlanier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006081,"text":"ofr20101226 - 2010 - Public water-supply systems and associated water use in Tennessee, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr20101226","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1226","title":"Public water-supply systems and associated water use in Tennessee, 2005","docAbstract":"Public water-supply systems in Tennessee provide water to for domestic, industrial, and commercial uses, and municipal services. In 2005, more than 569 public water-supply systems distributed about 920 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of non-purchased surface water and groundwater to a population of nearly 6 million in Tennessee. Surface-water sources provided 64 percent (about 591 Mgal/d) of the State's water supplies. Groundwater produced from wells and springs in Middle and East Tennessee and from wells in West Tennessee provided 36 percent (about 329 Mgal/d) of the public water supplies. Gross per capita water use for Tennessee in 2005 was about 171 gallons per day. Water withdrawals by public water-supply systems in Tennessee have increased from 250 Mgal/d in 1955 to 920 Mgal/d in 2005. Tennessee public water-supply systems withdraw less groundwater than surface water, and surface-water use has increased at a faster rate than groundwater use. However, 34 systems reported increased groundwater withdrawals during 2000–2005, and 15 of these 34 systems reported increases of 1 Mgal/d or more. The county with the largest surface-water withdrawal rate (130 Mgal/d) was Davidson County. Each of Tennessee's 95 counties was served by at least one public water-supply system in 2005. The largest groundwater withdrawal rate (about 167 Mgal/d) by a single public water-supply system was reported by Memphis Light, Gas and Water, which served 654,267 people in Shelby County in 2005.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101226","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Water Supply","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.A., and Brooks, J.M., 2010, Public water-supply systems and associated water use in Tennessee, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1226, iv, 14 p.; Supplements A-C; Index, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101226.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.; Supplements A-C; Index","startPage":"i","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"104","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1226.jpg"},{"id":110940,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,35 ], [ -90,36.75 ], [ -81.5,36.75 ], [ -81.5,35 ], [ -90,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, John A. 0000-0001-8002-4237 jarobin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-4237","contributorId":1105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"John","email":"jarobin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":353776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Jaala M.","contributorId":70105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Jaala","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006084,"text":"ofr20101263 - 2010 - Surface-water quality-assurance plan for the USGS Georgia Water Science Center, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:21:58","indexId":"ofr20101263","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1263","title":"Surface-water quality-assurance plan for the USGS Georgia Water Science Center, 2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey requires that each Water Science Center prepare a surface-water quality-assurance plan to describe policies and procedures that ensure high quality surface-water data collection, processing, analysis, computer storage, and publication. The Georgia Water Science Center's standards, policies, and procedures for activities related to the collection, processing, analysis, computer storage, and publication of surface-water data are documented in this Surface-Water Quality-Assurance Plan for 2010.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101263","usgsCitation":"Gotvald, A.J., 2010, Surface-water quality-assurance plan for the USGS Georgia Water Science Center, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1263, vi, 32 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101263.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"49","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1263.jpg"},{"id":110942,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1263/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006075,"text":"ofr20101213 - 2010 - Southeast Regional Assessment Project for the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr20101213","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1213","title":"Southeast Regional Assessment Project for the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The Southeastern United States spans a broad range of physiographic settings and maintains exceptionally high levels of faunal diversity. Unfortunately, many of these ecosystems are increasingly under threat due to rapid human development, and management agencies are increasingly aware of the potential effects that climate change will have on these ecosystems. Natural resource managers and conservation planners can be effective at preserving ecosystems in the face of these stressors only if they can adapt current conservation efforts to increase the overall resilience of the system. Climate change, in particular, challenges many of the basic assumptions used by conservation planners and managers. Previous conservation planning efforts identified and prioritized areas for conservation based on the current environmental conditions, such as habitat quality, and assumed that conditions in conservation lands would be largely controlled by management actions (including no action). Climate change, however, will likely alter important system drivers (temperature, precipitation, and sea-level rise) and make it difficult, if not impossible, to maintain recent historic conditions in conservation lands into the future. Climate change will also influence the future conservation potential of non-conservation lands, further complicating conservation planning. Therefore, there is a need to develop and adapt effective conservation strategies to cope with the effects of climate and landscape change on future environmental conditions. Congress recognized this important issue and authorized the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC; http://nccw.usgs.gov/) in the Fiscal Year 2008. The NCCWSC will produce science that will help resource management agencies anticipate and adapt to climate change impacts to fish, wildlife, and their habitats. With the release of Secretarial Order 3289 on September 14, 2009, the mandate of the NCCWSC was expanded to address climate change-related impacts on all Department of the Interior (DOI) resources. The NCCWSC will establish a network of eight DOI Regional Climate Science Centers (RCSCs) that will work with a variety of partners to provide natural resource managers with tools and information that will help them anticipate and adapt conservation planning and design for projected climate change. The forecasting products produced by the RCSCs will aid fish, wildlife, and land managers in designing suitable adaptive management approaches for their programs. The DOI also is developing Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) as science and conservation action partnerships at subregional scales. The USGS is working with the Southeast Region of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to develop science collaboration between the future Southeast RCSC and future LCCs. The NCCWSC Southeast Regional Assessment Project (SERAP) will begin to develop regional downscaled climate models, land cover change models, regional ecological models, regional watershed models, and other science tools. Models and data produced by SERAP will be used in a collaborative process between the USGS, the FWS (LCCs), State and federal partners, nongovernmental organizations, and academia to produce science at appropriate scales to answer resource management questions. The SERAP will produce an assessment of climate change, and impacts on land cover, ecosystems, and priority species in the region. The predictive tools developed by the SERAP project team will allow end users to better understand potential impacts of climate change and sea level rise on terrestrial and aquatic populations in the Southeastern United States. The SERAP capitalizes on the integration of five existing projects: (1) the Multi-State Conservation Grants Program project \"Designing Sustainable Landscapes,\" (2) the USGS multidisciplinary Science Thrust project \"Water Availability for Ecological Needs,\" (3) the USGS Southeast Pilot Project \"Climate Change in the Southeastern U.S. and its Impacts on Bird Distributions and Habitats,\" (4) a sea-level rise impacts study envisioned jointly with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and (5) two USGS sea-level rise impact assessment projects that address inundation hazards and provide probabilistic forecasts of coastal geomorphic change. The SERAP will expand on these existing projects and include the following tasks, which were initiated in summer 2009: * Regionally downscaled probabilistic climate-change projections * Integrated coastal assessment * Integrated terrestrial assessment * Multi-resolution assessment of potential climate change effects on biological resources: aquatic and hydrologic dynamics * Optimal conservation strategies to cope with climate change The SERAP seeks to formally integrate these tasks to aid conservation planning and design so that ecosystem management decisions can be optimized for providing desirable outcomes across a range of species and environments. The following chapters detail SERAP's efforts in providing a suite of regional climate, watershed, and landscape-change analyses and develop the interdisciplinary framework required for the biological planning phases of adaptive management and strategic conservation. The planning phase will include the identification of conservation alternatives, development of predictive models and decision support tools, and development of a template to address similar challenges and goals in other regions. The project teams will explore and develop ways to link the various ecological models arising from each component. The SERAP project team also will work closely with members of the LCCs and other partnerships throughout the life of the project to ensure that the objectives of the project meet resources mangers needs in the Southeast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101213","usgsCitation":"Dalton, M.S., and Jones, S.A., 2010, Southeast Regional Assessment Project for the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1213, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101213.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"43","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1213.jpg"},{"id":110938,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Canada;Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52c1e3fce4b0cb5a2f1b26ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, Melinda S. 0000-0002-2929-5573 msdalton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-5573","contributorId":267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"Melinda","email":"msdalton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006040,"text":"ofr20111177 - 2010 - Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2005-November 30, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"ofr20111177","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1177","title":"Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2005-November 30, 2006","docAbstract":"A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 53rd Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2006 River Master report year-the period from December 1, 2005, to November 30, 2006. During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 55.03 inches (in.) or 126 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs was above the long-term median level on December 1, 2005. Reservoir storage remained above long–term median levels throughout the report year. Delaware River operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree. Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in full compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 27 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates-or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs-on all other days. During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master. As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 19 sites on a twice-monthly basis and at 3 sites on a monthly basis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111177","usgsCitation":"Krejmas, B.E., Paulachok, G.N., and Blanchard, S.F., 2010, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2005-November 30, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1177, vi, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111177.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":116756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1177.gif"},{"id":110889,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krejmas, Bruce E.","contributorId":102501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krejmas","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paulachok, Gary N. gnpaulac@usgs.gov","contributorId":3500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulachok","given":"Gary","email":"gnpaulac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005904,"text":"ofr20111282 - 2010 - Evaluation of geodetic and geologic datasets in the Northern Walker Lane-Summary and recommendations of the Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20111282","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1282","title":"Evaluation of geodetic and geologic datasets in the Northern Walker Lane-Summary and recommendations of the Workshop","docAbstract":"The Northern Walker Lane comprises a complex network of active faults in northwestern Nevada and northeastern California bound on the west by the Sierra Nevada and on the east by the extensional Basin and Range Province. Because deformation is distributed across sets of discontinuous faults, it is particularly challenging to integrate geologic and geodetic data in the NWL to assess the region's seismic hazard. Recent GPS measurements show that roughly one centimeter per year of relative displacement is accumulating across a zone about 100 km wide at the latitude of Reno, Nevada, but it is not clear where or how much of this strain might ultimately be released in damaging earthquakes. Despite decades of work in the region, the sum of documented late Pleistocene to recent slip rates is distinctly less than the GPS-measured relative displacement.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111282","collaboration":"Supported by the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program","usgsCitation":"Briggs, R., and Hammond, W.C., 2010, Evaluation of geodetic and geologic datasets in the Northern Walker Lane-Summary and recommendations of the Workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1282, iv, 20 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111282.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1282.png"},{"id":94690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1282/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Northern Walker Lane","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,38 ], [ -122,41 ], [ -118,41 ], [ -118,38 ], [ -122,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Richard W.","contributorId":94027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, William C.","contributorId":73735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9000500,"text":"ofr20101201 - 2010 - Potentiometric Surface of the Aquia Aquifer in Southern Maryland, September 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"ofr20101201","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1201","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Aquia Aquifer in Southern Maryland, September 2009","docAbstract":"This report presents a map showing the potentiometric surface of the Aquia aquifer in the Aquia Formation of Paleocene age in Southern Maryland during September 2009. The map is based on water-level measurements in 82 wells. The highest measured water level was 48 feet above sea level near the northern boundary and in the outcrop area of the aquifer in the central part of Anne Arundel County. Water levels also were above sea level in Kent County and northern Queen Anne's County. Water levels were below sea level south and east of these areas and in the remainder of the study area. The hydraulic gradient increased southeastward toward a cone of depression around well fields at Lexington Park and Solomons Island. The lowest measured water level was 145 feet below sea level at the center of a cone of depression at Lexington Park. The map also shows well yield in gallons per day for 2008 at wells or well fields.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey and the\r\nMaryland Department of Natural Resources\r\n","usgsCitation":"Curtin, S.E., Andreasen, D., and Staley, A., 2010, Potentiometric Surface of the Aquia Aquifer in Southern Maryland, September 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1201, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101201.","productDescription":"1 map","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-09-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1201.gif"},{"id":14384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5,38 ], [ -77.5,39.5 ], [ -75.75,39.5 ], [ -75.75,38 ], [ -77.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtin, Stephen E. securtin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Stephen","email":"securtin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andreasen, David C.","contributorId":59003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"David C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staley, Andrew W.","contributorId":43319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Andrew W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9000499,"text":"ofr20101208 - 2010 - Difference between the potentiometric surfaces of the Lower Patapsco aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1990 and September 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"ofr20101208","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1208","title":"Difference between the potentiometric surfaces of the Lower Patapsco aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1990 and September 2009","docAbstract":"This report presents a map showing the change in the potentiometric surface of the lower Patapsco aquifer in the Patapsco Formation of Early Cretaceous age in Southern Maryland between September 1990 and September 2009. The map, based on water level differences obtained from 45 wells, shows that the change of the potentiometric surface during the 19-year period ranged from increases of 25 feet at Indian Head and 4 feet near the outcrop area in Glen Burnie, to declines of 35 feet at Arnold, 56 feet at Severndale, 28 feet at Crofton Meadows, 73 feet at Waldorf, 79 feet near La Plata, 35 feet at the Morgantown power plant, and 32 feet at Swan Point. The map also shows well yield in gallons per day for 2008 at wells or well fields.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101208","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey and the\r\nMaryland Department of Natural Resources\r\n","usgsCitation":"Curtin, S.E., Andreasen, D., and Staley, A., 2010, Difference between the potentiometric surfaces of the Lower Patapsco aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1990 and September 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1208, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101208.","productDescription":"1 map","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1990-09-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1208.gif"},{"id":14385,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5,38 ], [ -77.5,39.5 ], [ -75.75,39.5 ], [ -75.75,38 ], [ -77.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68661a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtin, Stephen E. securtin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Stephen","email":"securtin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andreasen, David C.","contributorId":59003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"David C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staley, Andrew W.","contributorId":43319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Andrew W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9001438,"text":"ofr20101230 - 2010 - Historic Flooding in Georgia, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:20:05","indexId":"ofr20101230","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1230","title":"Historic Flooding in Georgia, 2009","docAbstract":"Heavy rains in southern Georgia during March 27-April 3, 2009, and in northern Georgia during September 16-22, 2009, caused severe flooding and widespread damages to residential, public, and commercial structures. Of the 159 counties in Georgia, 69 were declared disaster areas because of flooding. The heavy rainfall in southern Georgia resulted in severe flooding in the Satilla-St. Marys and upper Ochlockonee Basins and caused approximately $60 million in damages to the public infrastructure. The heavy rainfall in northern Georgia resulted in severe flooding on many streams within the upper Chattahoochee, Altamaha, and Coosa-Tallapoosa Basins and caused 10 deaths, evacuation of thousands of residents, and approximately $500 million in damages. The U.S. Geological Survey computed annual exceedance probabilities of the peak flows in 2009 at 238 streamgages throughout the State. Record peak flows were recorded at 40 streamgages for the respective periods of record as a result of the heavy rainfall during the two multiday events. The peak flows at 33 streamgages exceeded the 1-percent annual exceedance probability (100-year recurrence interval), and 19 of these exceeded the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (500-year recurrence interval).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101230","usgsCitation":"Gotvald, A.J., 2010, Historic Flooding in Georgia, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1230, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101230.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1230.jpg"},{"id":19243,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62efc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99117,"text":"ofr20101296 - 2010 - Implementation of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) ground-motion prediction equations in Fortran and R","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:50","indexId":"ofr20101296","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1296","title":"Implementation of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) ground-motion prediction equations in Fortran and R","docAbstract":"This report presents two methods for implementing the earthquake ground-motion prediction equations released in 2008 as part of the Next Generation Attenuation of Ground Motions (NGA-West, or NGA) project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER). These models were developed for predicting ground-motion parameters for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions (such as California). Of the five ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) developed during the NGA project, four models are implemented: the GMPEs of Abrahamson and Silva (2008), Boore and Atkinson (2008), Campbell and Bozorgnia (2008), and Chiou and Youngs (2008a); these models are abbreviated as AS08, BA08, CB08, and CY08, respectively. Since site response is widely recognized as an important influence of ground motions, engineering applications typically require that such effects be modeled. The model of Idriss (2008) is not implemented in our programs because it does not explicitly include site response, whereas the other four models include site response and use the same variable to describe the site condition (VS30). We do not intend to discourage the use of the Idriss (2008) model, but we have chosen to implement the other four NGA models in our programs for those users who require ground-motion estimates for various site conditions. We have implemented the NGA models by using two separate programming languages: Fortran and R (R Development Core Team, 2010). Fortran, a compiled programming language, has been used in the scientific community for decades. R is an object-oriented language and environment for statistical computing that is gaining popularity in the statistical and scientific community. Derived from the S language and environment developed at Bell Laboratories, R is an open-source language that is freely available at http://www.r-project.org/ (last accessed 11 January 2011). In R, the functions for computing the NGA equations can be loaded as an add-on user-contributed code, which is referred to as a ?package? in R. The details of the nga package (Kaklamanos and Thompson, 2010) are presented in this report. In addition, differences between the R and Fortran implementations will be discussed later in this report.\nThe NGA models have established a new baseline for seismic hazard assessments, and they have been incorporated into the most recent national seismic hazard maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey (Petersen and others, 2008). However, many of the new models are significantly more complicated than previous GMPEs and, therefore, require a substantial investment of time to implement and validate. We hope that the scientific and engineering communities find our implementations to be useful in research and practice. Our implementations may be considered as an alternate to the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet implementation available on the PEER NGA project Web site (http://peer.berkeley.edu/ngawest/, last accessed 11 January 2011). The implementations in Fortran and R are more appropriate for performing batch calculations than the implementation in Microsoft Excel. Spreadsheets and Fortran code for some of the individual models also are available on the PEER NGA project Web site; our programs implement the four GMPEs simultaneously. Our programs give the same results as the programs on the PEER NGA Web site, but we offer some additional flexibility of input, additional methods of estimating unknown input parameters, and additional options for output.\nAlthough these programs have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Tufts University, and others, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by Tufts or the USGS as to the accuracy or functioning of the programs and related material, nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by Tufts or the USGS in connection therewith.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101296","collaboration":"In cooperation with Tufts University","usgsCitation":"Kaklamanos, J., Boore, D.M., Thompson, E., and Campbell, K.W., 2010, Implementation of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) ground-motion prediction equations in Fortran and R (Version 1.1; Revised 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1296, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101296.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1296.gif"},{"id":14566,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1296/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1; Revised 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaklamanos, James","contributorId":35053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaklamanos","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M.","contributorId":79193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric M.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":307596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, Kenneth W.","contributorId":74391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99092,"text":"ofr20101266 - 2010 - Computer simulation of reservoir depletion and oil flow from the Macondo well following the Deepwater Horizon blowout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20101266","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1266","title":"Computer simulation of reservoir depletion and oil flow from the Macondo well following the Deepwater Horizon blowout","docAbstract":"This report describes the application of a computer model to simulate reservoir depletion and oil flow from the Macondo well following the Deepwater Horizon blowout. Reservoir and fluid data used for model development are based on (1) information released in BP's investigation report of the incident, (2) information provided by BP personnel during meetings in Houston, Texas, and (3) calibration by history matching to shut-in pressures measured in the capping stack during the Well Integrity Test. The model is able to closely match the measured shut-in pressures. In the simulation of the 86-day period from the blowout to shut in, the simulated reservoir pressure at the well face declines from the initial reservoir pressure of 11,850 pounds per square inch (psi) to 9,400 psi. After shut in, the simulated reservoir pressure recovers to a final value of 10,300 psi. The pressure does not recover back to the initial pressure owing to reservoir depletion caused by 86 days of oil discharge. The simulated oil flow rate declines from 63,600 stock tank barrels per day just after the Deepwater Horizon blowout to 52,600 stock tank barrels per day just prior to shut in. The simulated total volume of oil discharged is 4.92 million stock tank barrels. The overall uncertainty in the simulated flow rates and total volume of oil discharged is estimated to be + or - 10 percent. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101266","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P., 2010, Computer simulation of reservoir depletion and oil flow from the Macondo well following the Deepwater Horizon blowout: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1266, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101266.","productDescription":"18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1266.gif"},{"id":14542,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92,28.5 ], [ -92,30 ], [ -88,30 ], [ -88,28.5 ], [ -92,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul","contributorId":14558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99045,"text":"ofr20101276 - 2010 - An initial SPARROW model of land use and in-stream controls on total organic carbon in streams of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T21:54:29.073692","indexId":"ofr20101276","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1276","title":"An initial SPARROW model of land use and in-stream controls on total organic carbon in streams of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Watersheds play many important roles in the carbon cycle: (1) they are a site for both terrestrial and aquatic carbon dioxide (CO2) removal through photosynthesis; (2) they transport living and decomposing organic carbon in streams and groundwater; and (3) they store organic carbon for widely varying lengths of time as a function of many biogeochemical factors. Using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) model, along with long-term monitoring data on total organic carbon (TOC), this research quantitatively estimates the sources, transport, and fate of the long-term mean annual load of TOC in streams of the conterminous United States. The model simulations use surrogate measures of the major terrestrial and aquatic sources of organic carbon to estimate the long-term mean annual load of TOC in streams. \r\n\r\nThe estimated carbon sources in the model are associated with four land uses (urban, cultivated, forest, and wetlands) and autochthonous fixation of carbon (stream photosynthesis). Stream photosynthesis is determined by reach-level application of an empirical model of stream chlorophyll based on total phosphorus concentration, and a mechanistic model of photosynthetic rate based on chlorophyll, average daily solar irradiance, water column light attenuation, and reach dimensions. It was found that the estimate of in-stream photosynthesis is a major contributor to the mean annual TOC load per unit of drainage area (that is, yield) in large streams, with a median share of about 60 percent of the total mean annual carbon load in streams with mean flows above 500 cubic feet per second. The interquartile range of the model predictions of TOC from in-stream photosynthesis is from 0.1 to 0.4 grams (g) carbon (C) per square meter (m-2) per day (day-1) for the approximately 62,000 stream reaches in the continental United States, which compares favorably with the reported literature range for net carbon fixation by phytoplankton in lakes and streams. The largest contributors per unit of drainage area to the mean annual stream TOC load among the terrestrial sources are, in descending order: wetlands, urban lands, mixed forests, agricultural lands, evergreen forests, and deciduous forests . It was found that the SPARROW model estimates of TOC contributions to streams associated with these land uses are also consistent with literature estimates. SPARROW model calibration results are used to simulate the delivery of TOC loads to the coastal areas of seven major regional drainages. It was found that stream photosynthesis is the largest source of the TOC yields ( about 50 percent) delivered to the coastal waters in two of the seven regional drainages (the Pacific Northwest and Mississippi-Atchafalaya-Red River basins ), whereas terrestrial sources are dominant (greater than 60 percent) in all other regions (North Atlantic, South Atlantic-Gulf, California, Texas-Gulf, and Great Lakes).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101276","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Resources of the Future and Pennsylvania State University","usgsCitation":"Shih, J., Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., Boyer, E.W., Shwarz, G.E., and Chung, S., 2010, An initial SPARROW model of land use and in-stream controls on total organic carbon in streams of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1276, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101276.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431211,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/preview/ofr20101276","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14488,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1276.bmp"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n 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Native cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) has experienced dieback and has failed to recolonize following extended flooding events during unintended periodic closures of its inlet channel, which inhibits daily tidal flushing. We examined the biogeochemical impacts of these impoundment events on plant physiology and on sulfur and mercury chemistry to help the National Park Service land managers determine the relative influence of these inlet closures on marsh function. In this comparative study, we examined key pools of sulfur, mercury, and carbon compounds both during and between closure events. Further, we estimated the net hydrodynamic flux of methylmercury and total mercury to and from the marsh during a 24-hour diurnal cycle. This report documents the methods used and the data generated during the study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101299","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the National Park Service Water Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Windham-Myers, L., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Agee, J.L., Kieu, L.H., Kakouros, E., Erikson, L., and Ward, K., 2010, Biogeochemical processes in an urban, restored wetland of San Francisco Bay, California, 2007-2009: Methods and data for plant, sediment and water parameters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1299, Report: vi, 21 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101299.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 21 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410564,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94840.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1299.gif"},{"id":14468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1299/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.46,\n 37.8056\n ],\n [\n -122.46,\n 37.8031\n ],\n [\n -122.4525,\n 37.8031\n ],\n [\n -122.4525,\n 37.8056\n ],\n [\n -122.46,\n 37.8056\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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Additionally, aquifer systems are being used or targeted for use as storage areas for treated surface waters and (or) groundwaters via injection (for example, aquifer storage and recovery). To date, the influence that the nutrients, including carbon, in the injected water have on native microbial communities and the biogeochemistry in the subsurface zones used for storage of the injectate has not been determined. In this report, we describe a series of experiments that establishes a baseline dataset for the quantity and quality of organic and inorganic carbon and nutrients in the Biscayne Aquifer (BA) and Upper Floridan Aquifer (UFA) in south Florida. The most significant differences between the BA (26 meters below surface) and UFA (366 meters below surface) are the average specific conductance (0.552 and 6.12 microsiemens per centimeter, respectively), dissolved oxygen (1.6 and 0 milligrams per liter, respectively), and oxidation-reduction potential (40.3 and -358 millivolts, respectively). The dissolved organic carbon from the BA is characterized by carbon originating from terrestrial sources and microbial activities, while the UFA has a distinctive microbial signature. Acetate and lactate are the dominant carbon constituents in both aquifers. Additionally, components of the dissolved organic carbon from the UFA have a total trihalomethane-formation potential that is approximately threefold greater than the maximum contaminat level of 80 micrograms per liter established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The average native bacterial abundances in the aquifers are similar with 4.69x10^4 cells per milliliter in the BA and 1.33x10^4 cells per milliliter in the UFA. The average bacteriophage abundances are also similar with 1.15x10^5 virus-like particles in the BA and 1.92x10^5 virus-like particles in the UFA. Interestingly, ciliated protozoa are present in both aquifers. The average abundance of ciliates in the BA (2.97x10^3 ciliates per milliliter) is approximately twentyfold greater than abundances in the UFA (1.39x10^2 ciliates per milliliter). Collectively, these data indicate that microbial processes are the dominant contributor to the cycling of carbon and inorganic carbon in the BA and may be the only carbon cycling process in the UFA, as this aquifer has not had a terrestrial influx of carbon for more than 15,000 years. The rates of carbon, in the form of acetate, utilization by the native microbial communities are significantly different between the two aquifers. Based on data from 14C-acetate-utilization experiments, the microbial communities in the BA turn over the native acetate in 2.5 years, whereas communities in the UFA turn over native acetate in 6.8 years. These data support the hypothesis derived from the microbial-abundance data, in that the carbon for bacterial maintainence and growth is recycled from bacterial biomass released during cell lysis, especially in the UFA. An in situ diffusion chamber was designed to retain bacterial cells within the chamber while allowing native water constituents to move through the chamber. A series of 1-week deployments of chambers filled with fluorescent beads, inactivated native bacteria and laboratory grown and viable bacteria into the UFA, permitted by the State of Florida Environmental Protection Agency, was successfully completed. This was the first time this type of deployment into an aquifer system that is used for potable water supply has been permitted within the United States. This technology will allow, for the first time, in situ studies on the survival of microbial indicators of fecal pollution and true pathogens in groundwater systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101021","usgsCitation":"Lisle, J.T., Harvey, R.W., Aiken, G.R., and Metge, D.W., 2010, Microbial and geochemical investigations of dissolved organic carbon and microbial ecology of native waters from the Biscayne and Upper Floridan Aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1021, vii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101021.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":278,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center-Ft. 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Phenology is the study of the timing of biological events, such as annual plant flowering and seasonal bird migration. These events are partially driven by changes in temperature and precipitation; therefore, phenology studies how these events may reflect changes in climate. Landscape phenology is the study of changes in biological events over broad areas and assemblages of vegetation. To study climate-change relations over broad areas (at landscape scale), the timing and amount of annual tree leaf emergence, maximum foliage, and leaf fall for forested areas are of interest. To better link vegetation changes with climate, weather data are necessary. 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