{"pageNumber":"1170","pageRowStart":"29225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70155927,"text":"70155927 - 2015 - Framework for modeling urban restoration resilience time in the aftermath of an extreme event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T11:40:21","indexId":"70155927","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2823,"text":"Natural Hazards Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Framework for modeling urban restoration resilience time in the aftermath of an extreme event","docAbstract":"<p>The impacts of extreme events continue long after the emergency response has terminated. Effective reconstruction of supply-chain strategic infrastructure (SCSI) elements is essential for postevent recovery and the reconnectivity of a region with the outside. This study uses an interdisciplinary approach to develop a comprehensive framework to model resilience time. The framework is tested by comparing resilience time results for a simulated EF-5 tornado with ground truth data from the tornado that devastated Joplin, Missouri, on May 22, 2011. Data for the simulated tornado were derived for Overland Park, Johnson County, Kansas, in the greater Kansas City, Missouri, area. Given the simulated tornado, a combinatorial graph considering the damages in terms of interconnectivity between different SCSI elements is derived. Reconstruction in the aftermath of the simulated tornado is optimized using the proposed framework to promote a rapid recovery of the SCSI. This research shows promising results when compared with the independent quantifiable data obtained from Joplin, Missouri, returning a resilience time of 22 days compared with 25 days reported by city and state officials.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000184","usgsCitation":"Ramachandran, V., Long, S.K., Shoberg, T.G., Corns, S., and Carlo, H., 2015, Framework for modeling urban restoration resilience time in the aftermath of an extreme event: Natural Hazards Review, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000184.","productDescription":"04015005; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042468","costCenters":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Johnson","city":"Overland Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.71588134765625,\n              38.9278999330871\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.71588134765625,\n              38.99570671505043\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.61975097656249,\n              38.99570671505043\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.61975097656249,\n              38.9278999330871\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.71588134765625,\n              38.9278999330871\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee1e4b0bc0bec09ed68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramachandran, Varun","contributorId":146269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramachandran","given":"Varun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16655,"text":"Dept. of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Suzanna K.","contributorId":146270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Suzanna","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16655,"text":"Dept. of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoberg, Thomas G. 0000-0003-0173-1246 tshoberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-1246","contributorId":3764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoberg","given":"Thomas","email":"tshoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corns, Steven","contributorId":146271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corns","given":"Steven","affiliations":[{"id":16655,"text":"Dept. of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlo, Héctor","contributorId":146272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlo","given":"Héctor","affiliations":[{"id":16656,"text":"Dept. of Industrial Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156553,"text":"70156553 - 2015 - Impact of experimental habitat manipulation on northern bobwhite survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T15:49:51.420828","indexId":"70156553","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of experimental habitat manipulation on northern bobwhite survival","docAbstract":"<p>Habitat management for northern bobwhite (<i>Colinus virginianus</i>) should affect vital rates, but direct linkages with survival are not well documented; therefore, we implemented an experiment to evaluate those responses. We conducted our experiment on a reclaimed surface mine, a novel landscape where conditions were considered sub-optimal because of the dominance of non-native vegetation, such as sericea lespedeza (<i>Lespedeza cuneata</i>), which has been reported to provide marginal habitat for northern bobwhite and may negatively affect survival. Nonetheless, these areas have great potential for contributing to bobwhite conservation because of the amount of early successional cover they provide. Our study site, a 3,330-ha reclaimed surface mine in western Kentucky, consisted of 2 tracts (Sinclair and Ken, 1,471&thinsp;ha and 1,853&thinsp;ha, respectively) that served as replicates with each randomly divided into a treatment (i.e., habitat manipulation through a combination of disking, burning, and herbicide application) and an undisturbed control (<i>n</i>&thinsp;=&thinsp;4 experimental units). Habitat treatments were applied October 2009 to September 2013. We used radio telemetry to monitor northern bobwhite (<i>n</i>&thinsp;=&thinsp;1,198) during summer (1 Apr&ndash;30 Sep) and winter (1 Oct&ndash;31 Mar), 2009&ndash;2013. We used the known-fate model in Program MARK to evaluate treatment effects on seasonal survival rates. We included biological, home-range, landscape, and microhabitat metrics as covariates to help improve model sensitivity and further elucidate experimental impacts. Survival varied annually, ranging from 0.139 (SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.031) to 0.301 (SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.032), and seasonally (summer, 0.148 [SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.015]; winter, 0.281 [SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.022]). We found a treatment effect (<i>&beta;</i>&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.256, 95% CI&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.057&ndash;0.456) with a seasonal interaction (<i>&beta;</i>&thinsp; =&thinsp;&minus;0.598, 95% CI&thinsp;=&thinsp;&minus;0.898 to &minus;0.298) with survival being higher in summer (0.179 [SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.022] vs. 0.109 [SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.019]) and lower in winter (0.233 [SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.025] vs. 0.355 [SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.035]) on treatment than control units. Among habitat covariates, litter depth (<i>&beta;</i>&thinsp;=&thinsp;&minus;0.387, 95%CI&thinsp;=&thinsp;&minus;0.5809 to &minus;0.1930) was the most influential effect (negative) on survival. Additional experiments across a wider range of habitat conditions may be required to determine management intensity or duration thresholds required to elicit greater changes in survival for northern bobwhite populations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.873","usgsCitation":"Peters, D.C., Brooke, J.M., Tanner, E.P., Unger, A.M., Keyser, P.D., Harper, C.A., Clark, J.D., and Morgan, J.J., 2015, Impact of experimental habitat manipulation on northern bobwhite survival: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 4, p. 605-617, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.873.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"617","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-064427","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Muhlenberg County, Ohio County","otherGeospatial":"Peabody Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.28,\n              37.35650493406935\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.28,\n              37.1654705825792\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.6500553570194,\n              37.1654705825792\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.6500553570194,\n              37.35650493406935\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.28,\n              37.35650493406935\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b5e4b0518e354dd179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, David C.","contributorId":146941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooke, Jarred M.","contributorId":146940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooke","given":"Jarred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanner, Evan P.","contributorId":146943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanner","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Unger, Ashley M.","contributorId":146942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Unger","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keyser, Patrick D.","contributorId":146945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyser","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harper, Craig A.","contributorId":146944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morgan, John J.","contributorId":146946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13409,"text":"Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70156091,"text":"70156091 - 2015 - Water masses, ocean fronts, and the structure of Antarctic seabird communities: putting the eastern Bellingshausen Sea in perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T16:08:42.453927","indexId":"70156091","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water masses, ocean fronts, and the structure of Antarctic seabird communities: putting the eastern Bellingshausen Sea in perspective","docAbstract":"<p><span>Waters off the western Antarctic Peninsula (i.e., the eastern Bellingshausen Sea) are unusually complex owing to the convergence of several major fronts. Determining the relative influence of fronts on occurrence patterns of top-trophic species in that area, therefore, has been challenging. In one of the few ocean-wide seabird data syntheses, in this case for the Southern Ocean, we analyzed ample, previously collected cruise data, Antarctic-wide, to determine seabird species assemblages and quantitative relationships to fronts as a way to provide context to the long-term Palmer LTER and the winter Southern Ocean GLOBEC studies in the eastern Bellingshausen Sea. Fronts investigated during both winter (April&ndash;September) and summer (October&ndash;March) were the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), which separates the High Antarctic from the Low Antarctic water mass, and within which are embedded the marginal ice zone and Antarctic Shelf Break Front; and the Antarctic Polar Front, which separates the Low Antarctic and the Subantarctic water masses. We used clustering to determine species' groupings with water masses, and generalized additive models to relate species' densities, biomass and diversity to distance to respective fronts. Antarctic-wide, in both periods, highest seabird densities and lowest species diversity were found in the High Antarctic water mass. In the eastern Bellingshausen, seabird density in the High Antarctic water mass was lower (as low as half that of winter) than found in other Antarctic regions. During winter, Antarctic-wide, two significant species groups were evident: one dominated by Ad&eacute;lie penguins (</span><i>Pygoscelis adeliae</i><span>) (High Antarctic water mass) and the other by petrels and prions (no differentiation among water masses); in eastern Bellingshausen waters during winter, the one significant species group was composed of species from both Antarctic-wide groups. In summer, Antarctic-wide, a High Antarctic group dominated by Ad&eacute;lie penguins, a Low Antarctic group dominated by petrels, and a Subantarctic group dominated by albatross were evident. In eastern Bellingshausen waters during summer, groups were inconsistent. With regard to frontal features, Antarctic-wide in winter, distance to the ice edge was an important explanatory factor for nine of 14 species, distance to the Antarctic Polar Front for six species and distance to the Shelf Break Front for six species; however, these Antarctic-wide models could not successfully predict spatial relationships of winter seabird density (individual species or total) and biomass in the eastern Bellingshausen. Antarctic-wide in summer, distance to land/Antarctic continent was important for 10 of 18 species, not a surprising result for these summer-time Antarctic breeders, as colonies are associated with ice-free areas of coastal land. Distance to the Shelf Break Front was important for 8 and distance to the southern boundary of the ACC was important for 7 species. These summer models were more successful in predicting eastern Bellingshausen species density and species diversity but failed to predict total seabird density or biomass. Antarctic seabirds appear to respond to fronts in a way similar to that observed along the well-studied upwelling front of the California Current. To understand fully the seabird patterns found in this synthesis, multi-disciplinary at-sea investigations, including a quantified prey field, are needed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Science Direct","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.09.017","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C.A., Ainley, D.G., Ford, R.G., Fraser, W., Tynan, C.T., and Woehler, E.J., 2015, Water masses, ocean fronts, and the structure of Antarctic seabird communities: putting the eastern Bellingshausen Sea in perspective: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 58, no. 13-16, p. 1695-1709, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.09.017.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1695","endPage":"1709","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010170","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502621,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Water_masses_ocean_fronts_and_the_structure_of_Antarctic_seabird_communities_Putting_the_eastern_Bellingshausen_Sea_in_perspective/22890020","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Bellingshausen Sea, Southern Ocean, Western Antarctic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              -76.16399261609192\n            ],\n            [\n              -51.591796875,\n              -76.16399261609192\n            ],\n            [\n              -51.591796875,\n              -56.218923189166624\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              -56.218923189166624\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              -76.16399261609192\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"13-16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45736e4b0518e3546950a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribic, Christine A. caribic@usgs.gov","contributorId":831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ainley, David G.","contributorId":32039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":34154,"text":"Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ford, R. Glenn","contributorId":75793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraser, William R.","contributorId":94277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tynan, Cynthia T.","contributorId":43208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tynan","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woehler, Eric J.","contributorId":39561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woehler","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70157111,"text":"70157111 - 2015 - Ground-truthing electrical resistivity methods in support of submarine groundwater discharge studies: Examples from Hawaii, Washington, and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:54:57.840505","indexId":"70157111","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3928,"text":"Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics","printIssn":"1083-1363","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-truthing electrical resistivity methods in support of submarine groundwater discharge studies: Examples from Hawaii, Washington, and California","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important conduit that links terrestrial and marine environments. SGD conveys both water and water-borne constituents into coastal waters, where these inflows may impact near-shore ecosystem health and sustainability. Multichannel electrical resistivity techniques have proven to be a powerful tool to examine scales and dynamics of SGD and SGD forcings. However, there are uncertainties both in data aquisition and data processing that must be addressed to maximize the effectiveness of this tool in estuarine or marine environments. These issues most often relate to discerning subtle nuances in the flow of electricity through variably saturated media that can also be highly conductive (<i>i.e.,</i>&nbsp;seawater).</p>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Three contrasting field sites were examined for this study to assess the effectiveness of electrical resistivity techniques in varying coastal settings by comparing resistivity data to direct salinity and resistivity observations, quantifying changes in lithology and beach geomorphology, and fine-tuning inversion protocols. The three study sites all have substantial (up to 85&nbsp;cm&nbsp;day<span>&minus;1</span>) submarine groundwater discharge rates, but the hydrologic, oceanographic, and geologic characteristics of the sites are all very different. At a site in Pelekane Bay on the Big Island of Hawaii, seasonal flooding introduces very high concentrations of fine to coarse sediment into the bay. Near-shore circulation is limited in Pelekane Bay, so this newly introduced sediment can become deposited in the bay where it accumulates over time. At a site in Hood Canal, a fjord within Puget Sound, Washington, SGD rates can be high because of the large tidal range, abundant recharge, and steep hydrologic gradients. At Younger Lagoon in northern California, the flow of groundwater towards the coast is much more parsimonious, but here marine processes, including recirculated seawater, are important in controlling the flow of material towards the coast.</p>\n<p id=\"p-3\">Rigorous ground-truthing at each field site showed that multi-channel electrcial resistivity techniques can reproduce the scales and dynamics of a seepage field when such data are correctly collected, and when the model inversions are tuned to field site characteristics. Such information can provide a unique perspective on the scales and dynamics of exchange processes within a coastal aquifer&mdash;information essential to scientists and resource managers alike.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","doi":"10.2113/JEEG20.1.81","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Swarzenski, P.W., Richardson, C.M., Smith, C.G., Kroeger, K.D., and Ganguli, P.M., 2015, Ground-truthing electrical resistivity methods in support of submarine groundwater discharge studies: Examples from Hawaii, Washington, and California: Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, v. 20, no. 1, p. 81-87, https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG20.1.81.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"87","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061829","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Hawaii, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Hood Canal, Pelekane Bay, Puget Sound, Younger Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.1842041015625,\n              47.28295557691231\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1842041015625,\n              47.95314495015594\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4920654296875,\n              47.95314495015594\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4920654296875,\n              47.28295557691231\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1842041015625,\n           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Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, Christina M. 0000-0003-0597-8836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-8836","contributorId":147438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ganguli, Priya M.","contributorId":147439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ganguli","given":"Priya","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70155958,"text":"70155958 - 2015 - Comparison of reintroduction and enhancement effects on metapopulation viability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T13:28:13","indexId":"70155958","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of reintroduction and enhancement effects on metapopulation viability","docAbstract":"<p>Metapopulation viability depends upon a balance of extinction and colonization of local habitats by a species. Mechanisms that can affect this balance include physical characteristics related to natural processes (e.g. succession) as well as anthropogenic actions. Plant restorations can help to produce favorable metapopulation dynamics and consequently increase viability; however, to date no studies confirm this is true. Population viability analysis (PVA) allows for the use of empirical data to generate theoretical future projections in the form of median time to extinction and probability of extinction. In turn, PVAs can inform and aid the development of conservation, recovery, and management plans. Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) is a dune endemic that exhibited metapopulation dynamics. We projected viability of three natural and two restored populations with demographic data spanning 15&ndash;23&thinsp;years to determine the degree the addition of reintroduced population affects metapopulation viability. The models were validated by comparing observed and projected abundances and adjusting parameters associated with demographic and environmental stochasticity to improve model performance. Our chosen model correctly predicted yearly population abundance for 60% of the population-years. Using that model, 50-year projections showed that the addition of reintroductions increases metapopulation viability. The reintroduction that simulated population performance in early-successional habitats had the maximum benefit. In situ enhancements of existing populations proved to be equally effective. This study shows that restorations can facilitate and improve metapopulation viability of species dependent on metapopulation dynamics for survival with long-term persistence of C. pitcheri in Indiana likely to depend on continued active management.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing","publisherLocation":"Maldon, MA","doi":"10.1111/rec.12191","usgsCitation":"Halsey, S., Bell, T.J., McEachern, K., and Pavlovic, N.B., 2015, Comparison of reintroduction and enhancement effects on metapopulation viability: Restoration Ecology, v. 23, no. 4, p. 375-384, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12191.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052380","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","volume":"23","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfade4b08400b1fe13dc","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/rec.12191","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12191","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Halsey Samniqueka J., Bell Timothy J., McEachern Kathryn, Pavlovic Noel B.","journalName":"Restoration Ecology","publicationDate":"3/9/2015","auditedOn":"9/3/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halsey, Samniqueka J","contributorId":146325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halsey","given":"Samniqueka J","affiliations":[{"id":16668,"text":"Chicago State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, Timothy J.","contributorId":70885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEachern, Kathryn 0000-0003-2631-8247 kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-8247","contributorId":146324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154922,"text":"70154922 - 2015 - Metallogeny, exploitation and environmental impact of the Mt. Amiata mercury ore district (Southern Tuscany, Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T09:18:16","indexId":"70154922","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3899,"text":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metallogeny, exploitation and environmental impact of the Mt. Amiata mercury ore district (Southern Tuscany, Italy)","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-2\">The Mt. Amiata mining district (Southern Tuscany, Italy) is a world class Hg district, with a cumulate production of more than 100,000 tonnes of Hg, mostly occurring between 1870 and 1980. The Hg mineralization at Mt. Amiata is younger than 0.3 Ma, and is directly related to shallow hydrothermal systems similar to present-day geothermal fields of the region. There is likely a continuum of Hg deposition to present day, because Hg emission from geothermal power plants is on-going. In this sense, the Mt. Amiata deposits present some analogies with &ldquo;hot-spring type&rdquo; deposits of western USA, although an ore deposit model for the district has not been established. Specifically, the source of Hg remains highly speculative. The mineralizing hydrothermal fluids are of low temperature, and of essentially meteoric origin.</p>\n<p id=\"p-3\">Recent results by our research group indicate that, 30 years after mine closure, the environmental effects of Hg contamination related to mining are still recorded by the ecosystem, namely on waterways of the Paglia and Tiber River basins. In particular, the close spatial connection between the town of Abbadia San Salvatore, the Hg mine within its immediate neighborhood, and the drainage catchment of the Paglia River has an influence also on Hg speciation, transported mainly in the particulate form by the river system. The extent of Hg contamination has been identified at least 100 km from Abbadia San Salvatore along the Paglia-Tiber River system.</p>\n<p id=\"p-4\">Estimated annual Hg mass loads transported by the Paglia River to the Tiber River were about 11 kg yr<sup>&minus;1</sup>. However, there is evidence that flood events may enhance Hg mobilization in the Paglia River basin, increasing Hg concentrations in stream sediment. The high methyl-Hg/Hg ratio in water in this area is an additional factor of great concern due to the potential harmful effects on human and wildlife health.</p>\n<p id=\"p-5\">Results of our studies indicate that the Mt. Amiata region is at present a source of Hg of remarkable environmental concern at the local, regional (Tiber River), and Mediterranean scales. Ongoing studies are aimed to a more detailed quantification of the Hg mass load input to the Mediterranean Sea, and to unravel the processes concerning Hg transport and fluid dynamics. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Società geologica italiana","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2015.02","usgsCitation":"Rimondi, V., Chiarantini, L., Lattanzi, P., Benvenuti, M., Beutel, M., Colica, A., Costagliola, P., Di Benedetto, F., Gabbani, G., Gray, J.E., Pandeli, E., Pattelli, G., Paolieri, M., and Ruggieri, G., 2015, Metallogeny, exploitation and environmental impact of the Mt. Amiata mercury ore district (Southern Tuscany, Italy): Italian Journal of Geosciences, v. 134, no. 2, p. 323-336, https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2015.02.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058251","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","state":"Tuscany","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              10.107421874999998,\n              42.90816007196054\n            ],\n            [\n              11.77734375,\n              41.80407814427234\n            ],\n            [\n              14.501953124999998,\n              41.80407814427234\n            ],\n            [\n              14.0625,\n              44.08758502824516\n            ],\n            [\n              11.77734375,\n              44.18220395771566\n            ],\n            [\n              10.107421874999998,\n              42.90816007196054\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"134","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92c3e4b05d6c4e501aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rimondi, V.","contributorId":28820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimondi","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiarantini, L.","contributorId":145498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiarantini","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16135,"text":"University of Florence","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lattanzi, P.","contributorId":40034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lattanzi","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benvenuti, M.","contributorId":145499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benvenuti","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16135,"text":"University of Florence","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beutel, M.","contributorId":145500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beutel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colica, A.","contributorId":145501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colica","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16135,"text":"University of Florence","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Costagliola, P.","contributorId":86988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costagliola","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Di Benedetto, F.","contributorId":145502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Di Benedetto","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16135,"text":"University of Florence","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gabbani, G.","contributorId":145503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gabbani","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16135,"text":"University of Florence","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pandeli, E.","contributorId":145506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pandeli","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16135,"text":"University of Florence","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pattelli, G.","contributorId":145504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pattelli","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16135,"text":"University of Florence","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Paolieri, M.","contributorId":87455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paolieri","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ruggieri, G.","contributorId":145505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggieri","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16136,"text":"Institute of Geosciences, Florence","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70156544,"text":"70156544 - 2015 - Ignimbrites to batholiths: integrating perspectives from geological, geophysical, and geochronological data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T15:37:28","indexId":"70156544","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ignimbrites to batholiths: integrating perspectives from geological, geophysical, and geochronological data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Multistage histories of incremental accumulation, fractionation, and solidification during construction of large subvolcanic magma bodies that remained sufficiently liquid to erupt are recorded by Tertiary ignimbrites, source calderas, and granitoid intrusions associated with large gravity lows at the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field (SRMVF). Geophysical data combined with geological constraints and comparisons with tilted plutons and magmatic-arc sections elsewhere are consistent with the presence of vertically extensive (&gt;20 km) intermediate to silicic batholiths (with intrusive:extrusive ratios of 10:1 or greater) beneath the major SRMVF volcanic loci (Sawatch, San Juan, Questa-Latir). Isotopic data require involvement of voluminous mantle-derived mafic magmas on a scale equal to or greater than that of the intermediate to silicic volcanic and plutonic rocks. Early waxing-stage intrusions (35&ndash;30 Ma) that fed intermediate-composition central volcanoes of the San Juan locus are more widespread than the geophysically defined batholith; these likely heated and processed the crust, preparatory for ignimbrite volcanism (32&ndash;27 Ma) and large-scale upper-crustal batholith growth. Age and compositional similarities indicate that SRMVF ignimbrites and granitic intrusions are closely related, but the extent to which the plutons record remnants of former magma reservoirs that lost melt to volcanic eruptions has been controversial. Published Ar/Ar-feldspar and U-Pb-zircon ages for plutons spatially associated with ignimbrite calderas document final crystallization of granitoid intrusions at times indistinguishable from the tuff to ages several million years younger. These ages also show that SRMVF caldera-related intrusions cooled and solidified soon after zircon crystallization, as magma supply waned. Some researchers interpret these results as recording pluton assembly in small increments that crystallized rapidly, leading to temporal disconnects between ignimbrite eruption and intrusion growth. Alternatively, crystallization ages of the granitic rocks are here inferred to record late solidification, after protracted open-system evolution involving voluminous mantle input, lengthy residence (10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&ndash;10</span><sup>6</sup><span>yr) as near-solidus crystal mush, and intermittent separation of liquid to supply volcanic eruptions. The compositions of the least-evolved ignimbrite magmas tend to merge with those of caldera-related plutons, suggesting that the plutons record nonerupted parts of long-lived cogenetic magmatic systems, variably modified prior to final solidification. Precambrian-source zircons are scarce in caldera plutons, in contrast to their abundance in some peripheral waning-stage intrusions of the SRMVF, implying dissolution of inherited crustal zircon during lengthy magma assembly for the ignimbrite eruptions and construction of a subvolcanic batholith. Broad age spans of zircons (to several million years) from individual samples of some ignimbrites and intrusions, commonly averaged and interpreted as &ldquo;intrusion-emplacement age,&rdquo; alternatively provide an incomplete record of intermittent crystallization during protracted incremental magma-body assembly, with final solidification only when the system began to wane. Analyses of whole zircons cannot resolve late stages of crystal growth, and early growth in a long-lived magmatic system may be poorly recorded due to periods of zircon dissolution. Overall, construction of a batholith can take longer than recorded by zircon-crystallization ages, while the time interval for separation and shallow assembly of eruptible magma may be much shorter. Magma-supply estimates (from ages and volcano-plutonic volumes) yield focused intrusion-assembly rates sufficient to generate ignimbrite-scale volumes of eruptible magma, based on published thermal models. Mid-Tertiary processes of batholith assembly associated with the SRMVF caused drastic chemical and physical reconstruction of the entire lithosphere, probably accompanied by asthenospheric input.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01091.1","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., and Bachmann, O., 2015, Ignimbrites to batholiths: integrating perspectives from geological, geophysical, and geochronological data: Geosphere, v. 11, p. 705-743, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01091.1.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"743","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056442","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01091.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.5506591796875,\n              36.65519950187347\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5506591796875,\n              39.51675478434244\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.0677490234375,\n              39.51675478434244\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.0677490234375,\n              36.65519950187347\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5506591796875,\n              36.65519950187347\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b5e4b0518e354dd177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachmann, Olivier","contributorId":101030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachmann","given":"Olivier","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174833,"text":"70174833 - 2015 - Estimating global natural wetland methane emissions using process modelling: spatio-temporal patterns and contributions to atmospheric methane fluctuations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T11:16:50","indexId":"70174833","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating global natural wetland methane emissions using process modelling: spatio-temporal patterns and contributions to atmospheric methane fluctuations","docAbstract":"<div id=\"geb12307-sec-0001\" class=\"section\">\n<h4>Aim</h4>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>The fluctuations of atmospheric methane (<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>) that have occurred in recent decades are not fully understood, particularly with regard to the contribution from wetlands. The application of spatially explicit parameters has been suggested as an effective method for reducing uncertainties in bottom-up approaches to wetland&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;emissions, but has not been included in recent studies. Our goal was to estimate spatio-temporal patterns of global wetland&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;emissions using a process model and then to identify the contribution of wetland emissions to atmospheric&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>fluctuations.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div id=\"geb12307-sec-0002\" class=\"section\">\n<h4>Location</h4>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Global.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div id=\"geb12307-sec-0003\" class=\"section\">\n<h4>Methods</h4>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>A process-based model integrated with full descriptions of methanogenesis (TRIPLEX-GHG) was used to simulate global wetland&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>emissions.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div id=\"geb12307-sec-0004\" class=\"section\">\n<h4>Results</h4>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Global annual wetland&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;emissions ranged from 209 to 245&thinsp;Tg&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;year<sup>&minus;1</sup>&nbsp;between 1901 and 2012, with peaks occurring in 1991 and 2012. There is a decreasing trend between 1990 and 2010 with a rate of approximately 0.48&thinsp;Tg&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;year<sup>&minus;1</sup>, which was largely caused by emissions from tropical wetlands showing a decreasing trend of 0.44&thinsp;Tg&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;year<sup>&minus;1</sup>&nbsp;since the 1970s. Emissions from tropical, temperate and high-latitude wetlands comprised 59, 26 and 15% of global emissions, respectively.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div id=\"geb12307-sec-0005\" class=\"section\">\n<h4>Main conclusion</h4>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Global wetland&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;emissions, the interannual variability of which was primary controlled by tropical wetlands, partially drive the atmospheric<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;burden. The stable to decreasing trend in wetland&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;emissions, a result of a balance of emissions from tropical and extratropical wetlands, was a particular factor in slowing the atmospheric&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;growth rate during the 1990s. The rapid decrease in tropical wetland&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>emissions that began in 2000 was supposed to offset the increase in anthropogenic emissions and resulted in a relatively stable level of atmospheric&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;from 2000 to 2006. Increasing wetland&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;emissions, particularly after 2010, should be an important contributor to the growth in atmospheric&nbsp;<span class=\"fixed-roman\">CH<sub>4</sub></span>&nbsp;seen since 2007.</p>\n</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/geb.12307","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Q., Peng, C., Chen, H., Fang, X., Liu, J., Jiang, H., Yang, Y., and Yang, G., 2015, Estimating global natural wetland methane emissions using process modelling: spatio-temporal patterns and contributions to atmospheric methane fluctuations: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 24, no. 8, p. 959-972, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12307.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"972","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060280","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdb1e4b0f1bea0e0f846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Qiuan","contributorId":85065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Qiuan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peng, Changhui","contributorId":8357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Changhui","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Huai","contributorId":172942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Huai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27125,"text":"State Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Dryland Framing, NW A&F Unv, Yangling, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fang, Xiuqin","contributorId":96566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"Xiuqin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jiang, Hong","contributorId":108417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Hong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yang, Yanzheng","contributorId":172943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yanzheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27126,"text":"State Key Lab or Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, NW A&F Unv, Yangling, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yang, Gang","contributorId":172944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Gang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27127,"text":"State Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, NW A&F Unv, Yangling, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70192870,"text":"70192870 - 2015 - Limits to benthic feeding by eiders in a vital Arctic migration corridor due to localized prey and changing sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T14:56:00","indexId":"70192870","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3194,"text":"Progress in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limits to benthic feeding by eiders in a vital Arctic migration corridor due to localized prey and changing sea ice","docAbstract":"<p><span>Four species of threatened or declining eider ducks that nest in the Arctic migrate through the northeast Chukchi Sea, where anticipated industrial development may require prioritizing areas for conservation. In this nearshore corridor (10–40</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m depth), the eiders’ access to benthic prey during the spring is restricted to variable areas of open water within sea ice. For the most abundant species, the king eider (</span><i>Somateria spectabilis</i><span>), stable isotopes in blood cells, muscle, and potential prey indicate that these eiders ate mainly bivalves when traversing this corridor. Bivalves there were much smaller than the same taxa in deeper areas of the northern Bering Sea, possibly due to higher mortality rates caused by ice scour in shallow water; future decrease in seasonal duration of fast ice may increase this effect. Computer simulations suggested that if these eiders forage for &gt;15</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>h/day, they can feed profitably at bivalve densities &gt;200</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m</span><sup>−2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>regardless of water depth or availability of ice for resting. Sampling in 2010–2012 showed that large areas of profitable prey densities occurred only in certain locations throughout the migration corridor. Satellite data in April–May over 13</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>years (2001–2013) indicated that access to major feeding areas through sea ice in different segments of the corridor can vary from 0% to 100% between months and years. In a warming and increasingly variable climate, unpredictability of access may be enhanced by greater effects of shifting winds on unconsolidated ice. Our results indicate the importance of having a range of potential feeding areas throughout the migration corridor to ensure prey availability in all years. Spatial planning of nearshore industrial development in the Arctic, including commercial shipping, pipeline construction, and the risk of released oil, should consider these effects of high environmental variability on the adequacy of habitats targeted for conservation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.014","usgsCitation":"Lovvorn, J.R., Rocha, A.R., Jewett, S.C., Dasher, D., Oppel, S., and Powell, A., 2015, Limits to benthic feeding by eiders in a vital Arctic migration corridor due to localized prey and changing sea ice: Progress in Oceanography, v. 136, p. 162-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"174","ipdsId":"IP-060283","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":" Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -170,\n              68.31002672261663\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              68.31002672261663\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              71.99936944350677\n            ],\n            [\n              -170,\n              71.99936944350677\n            ],\n            [\n              -170,\n              68.31002672261663\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"136","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb44e4b09af898c8ccd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovvorn, James R.","contributorId":167714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rocha, Aariel R.","contributorId":200101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocha","given":"Aariel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jewett, Stephen C.","contributorId":94397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewett","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dasher, Douglas","contributorId":200102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dasher","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oppel, Steffen","contributorId":44432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppel","given":"Steffen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powell, Abby 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":176843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70192675,"text":"70192675 - 2015 - Adult mortality probability and nest predation rates explain parental effort in warming eggs with consequences for embryonic development time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T15:02:07","indexId":"70192675","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5500,"text":"The American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1537-5323","printIssn":" 0003-014","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adult mortality probability and nest predation rates explain parental effort in warming eggs with consequences for embryonic development time","docAbstract":"<p><span>Parental behavior and effort vary extensively among species. Life-history theory suggests that age-specific mortality could cause this interspecific variation, but past tests have focused on fecundity as the measure of parental effort. Fecundity can cause costs of reproduction that confuse whether mortality is the cause or the consequence of parental effort. We focus on a trait, parental allocation of time and effort in warming embryos, that varies widely among species of diverse taxa and is not tied to fecundity. We conducted studies on songbirds of four continents and show that time spent warming eggs varies widely among species and latitudes and is not correlated with clutch size. Adult and offspring (nest) mortality explained most of the interspecific variation in time and effort that parents spend warming eggs, measured by average egg temperatures. Parental effort in warming eggs is important because embryonic temperature can influence embryonic development period and hence exposure time to predation risk. We show through correlative evidence and experimental swapping of embryos between species that parentally induced egg temperatures cause interspecific variation in embryonic development period. The strong association of age-specific mortality with parental effort in warming eggs and the subsequent effects on embryonic development time are unique results that can advance understanding of broad geographic patterns of life-history variation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/681986","usgsCitation":"Martin, T.E., Oteyza, J.C., Boyce, A.J., Lloyd, P., and Ton, R., 2015, Adult mortality probability and nest predation rates explain parental effort in warming eggs with consequences for embryonic development time: The American Naturalist, v. 186, no. 2, p. 223-236, https://doi.org/10.1086/681986.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"236","ipdsId":"IP-053367","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c2e4b0dc0b45b45401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oteyza, Juan C.","contributorId":166761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oteyza","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyce, Andy J.","contributorId":200182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyce","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lloyd, Penn","contributorId":200179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lloyd","given":"Penn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ton, Riccardo","contributorId":95334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ton","given":"Riccardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70191854,"text":"70191854 - 2015 - Valuing geospatial information: Using the contingent valuation method to estimate the economic benefits of Landsat satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T14:05:33","indexId":"70191854","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Valuing geospatial information: Using the contingent valuation method to estimate the economic benefits of Landsat satellite imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>While the U.S. government does not charge for downloading Landsat images, the images have value to users. This paper demonstrates a method that can value Landsat and other imagery to users. A survey of downloaders of Landsat images found: (a) established US users have a mean value of $912 USD per scene; (b) new US users and users returning when imagery became free have a mean value of $367 USD per scene. Total US user benefits for the 2.38 million scenes downloaded is $1.8 billion USD. While these benefits indicate a high willingness-to-pay among many Landsat downloaders, it would be economically inefficient for the US government to charge for Landsat imagery. Charging a price of $100 USD a scene would result in an efficiency loss of $37.5 million a year. This economic information should be useful to policy-makers who must decide about the future of this and similar remote sensing programs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.81.8.647","usgsCitation":"Loomis, J.B., Koontz, S., Miller, H., and Richardson, L.A., 2015, Valuing geospatial information: Using the contingent valuation method to estimate the economic benefits of Landsat satellite imagery: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 81, no. 8, p. 647-656, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.81.8.647.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"656","ipdsId":"IP-064207","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.81.8.647","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e8683be4b05fe04cd4d22e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loomis, John B.","contributorId":197268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loomis","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koontz, Steve","contributorId":197401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Holly M. 0000-0003-0914-7570 millerh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-7570","contributorId":4577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Holly M.","email":"millerh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richardson, Leslie A. lrichardson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Leslie","email":"lrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193143,"text":"70193143 - 2015 - Oyster reef restoration supports increased nekton biomass and potential commercial fishery value","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T13:19:08","indexId":"70193143","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oyster reef restoration supports increased nekton biomass and potential commercial fishery value","docAbstract":"<p><span>Across the globe, discussions centered on the value of nature drive many conservation and restoration decisions. As a result, justification for management activities increasingly asks for two lines of evidence: (1) biological proof of augmented ecosystem function or service, and (2) monetary valuation of these services. For oyster reefs, which have seen significant global declines and increasing restoration work, the need to provide both biological and monetary evidence of reef services on a local-level has become more critical in a time of declining resources. Here, we quantified species biomass and potential commercial value of nekton collected from restored oyster (</span><i>Crassostrea virginica</i><span>) reefs in coastal Louisiana over a 3-year period, providing multiple snapshots of biomass support over time. Overall, and with little change over time, fish and invertebrate biomass is 212% greater at restored oyster reefs than mud-bottom, or 0.12 kg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. The additional biomass of commercial species is equivalent to an increase of local fisheries value by 226%, or $0.09 m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. Understanding the ecosystem value of restoration projects, and how they interact with regional management priorities, is critical to inform local decision-making and provide testable predictions. Quantitative estimates of potential commercial fisheries enhancement by oyster reef restoration such as this one can be used directly by local managers to determine the expected return on investment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.1111","usgsCitation":"Humphries, A.T., and LaPeyre, M.K., 2015, Oyster reef restoration supports increased nekton biomass and potential commercial fishery value: PeerJ, v. 3, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1111.","productDescription":"e1111; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-060932","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1111","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Sister Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.00387573242188,\n              29.161455709145933\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.80680847167969,\n              29.161455709145933\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.80680847167969,\n              29.280110436303417\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.00387573242188,\n              29.280110436303417\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.00387573242188,\n              29.161455709145933\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe75e4b06e28e9c252ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Humphries, Austin T.","contributorId":15943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168475,"text":"70168475 - 2015 - High-tech or field techs: Radio-telemetry is a cost-effective method for reducing bias in songbird nest searching","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T15:42:07","indexId":"70168475","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-tech or field techs: Radio-telemetry is a cost-effective method for reducing bias in songbird nest searching","docAbstract":"<p><span>We compared the efficacy of standard nest-searching methods with finding nests via radio-tagged birds to assess how search technique influenced our determination of nest-site characteristics and nest success for Golden-winged Warblers (</span><i><i>Vermivora chrysoptera</i></i><span>). We also evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using radio-tagged birds to find nests. Using standard nest-searching techniques for 3 populations, we found 111 nests in locations with habitat characteristics similar to those described in previous studies: edges between forest and relatively open areas of early successional vegetation or shrubby wetlands, with 43% within 5 m of forest edge. The 83 nests found using telemetry were about half as likely (23%) to be within 5 m of forest edge. We spent little time searching &gt;25 m into forest because published reports state that Golden-winged Warblers do not nest there. However, 14 nests found using telemetry (18%) were &gt;25 m into forest. We modeled nest success using nest-searching method, nest age, and distance to forest edge as explanatory variables. Nest-searching method explained nest success better than nest age alone; we estimated that nests found using telemetry were 10% more likely to fledge young than nests found using standard nest-searching methods. Although radio-telemetry was more expensive than standard nest searching, the cost-effectiveness of both methods differed depending on searcher experience, amount of equipment owned, and bird population density. Our results demonstrate that telemetry can be an effective method for reducing bias in Golden-winged Warbler nest samples, can be cost competitive with standard nest-searching methods in some situations, and is likely to be a useful approach for finding nests of other forest-nesting songbirds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-14-124.1","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.M., Streby, H.M., Lehman, J.A., Kramer, G.R., Fish, A.C., and Andersen, D., 2015, High-tech or field techs: Radio-telemetry is a cost-effective method for reducing bias in songbird nest searching: The Condor, v. 117, no. 3, p. 386-395, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-14-124.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"395","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058693","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit 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,{"id":70168388,"text":"70168388 - 2015 - Spatial scaling patterns and functional redundancies in a changing boreal lake landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-11T10:14:18","indexId":"70168388","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial scaling patterns and functional redundancies in a changing boreal lake landscape","docAbstract":"<p>Global transformations extend beyond local habitats; therefore, larger-scale approaches are needed to assess community-level responses and resilience to unfolding environmental changes. Using longterm data (1996&ndash;2011), we evaluated spatial patterns and functional redundancies in the littoral invertebrate communities of 85 Swedish lakes, with the objective of assessing their potential resilience to environmental change at regional scales (that is, spatial resilience). Multivariate spatial modeling was used to differentiate groups of invertebrate species exhibiting spatial patterns in composition and abundance (that is, deterministic species) from those lacking spatial patterns (that is, stochastic species). We then determined the functional feeding attributes of the deterministic and stochastic invertebrate species, to infer resilience. Between one and three distinct spatial patterns in invertebrate composition and abundance were identified in approximately one-third of the species; the remainder were stochastic. We observed substantial differences in metrics between deterministic and stochastic species. Functional richness and diversity decreased over time in the deterministic group, suggesting a loss of resilience in regional invertebrate communities. However, taxon richness and redundancy increased monotonically in the stochastic group, indicating the capacity of regional invertebrate communities to adapt to change. Our results suggest that a refined picture of spatial resilience emerges if patterns of both the deterministic and stochastic species are accounted for. Spatially extensive monitoring may help increase our mechanistic understanding of community-level responses and resilience to regional environmental change, insights that are critical for developing management and conservation agendas in this current period of rapid environmental transformation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-015-9871-z","usgsCitation":"Angeler, D., Allen, C.R., Uden, D.R., and Johnson, R.K., 2015, Spatial scaling patterns and functional redundancies in a changing boreal lake landscape: Ecosystems, v. 18, no. 5, p. 889-902, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9871-z.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"889","endPage":"902","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061373","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Sweden","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[22.18317,65.72374],[21.21352,65.02601],[21.36963,64.41359],[19.77888,63.60955],[17.84778,62.7494],[17.11955,61.34117],[17.83135,60.63658],[18.78772,60.08191],[17.86922,58.95377],[16.82919,58.71983],[16.44771,57.04112],[15.87979,56.1043],[14.66668,56.20089],[14.10072,55.40778],[12.94291,55.36174],[12.6251,56.30708],[11.78794,57.44182],[11.02737,58.85615],[11.46827,59.43239],[12.30037,60.11793],[12.63115,61.29357],[11.99206,61.80036],[11.93057,63.12832],[12.57994,64.06622],[13.57192,64.04911],[13.91991,64.44542],[13.55569,64.78703],[15.10841,66.19387],[16.10871,67.30246],[16.76888,68.01394],[17.72918,68.01055],[17.99387,68.56739],[19.87856,68.40719],[20.02527,69.06514],[20.64559,69.10625],[21.97853,68.61685],[23.53947,67.93601],[23.56588,66.39605],[23.90338,66.00693],[22.18317,65.72374]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sweden\"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbecce4b06458514aeee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Uden, Daniel R.","contributorId":74258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uden","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Richard K.","contributorId":21810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70169077,"text":"70169077 - 2015 - Reducing fertilizer-nitrogen losses from rowcrop landscapes: Insights and implications from a spatially explicit watershed model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-17T11:58:40","indexId":"70169077","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing fertilizer-nitrogen losses from rowcrop landscapes: Insights and implications from a spatially explicit watershed model","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present conceptual and quantitative models that predict changes in fertilizer-derived nitrogen delivery from rowcrop landscapes caused by agricultural conservation efforts implemented to reduce nutrient inputs and transport and increase nutrient retention in the landscape. To evaluate the relative importance of changes in the sources, transport, and sinks of fertilizer-derived nitrogen across a region, we use the spatially explicit SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes watershed model to map the distribution, at the small watershed scale within the Upper Mississippi-Ohio River Basin (UMORB), of: (1) fertilizer inputs; (2) nutrient attenuation during delivery of those inputs to the UMORB outlet; and (3) nitrogen export from the UMORB outlet. Comparing these spatial distributions suggests that the amount of fertilizer input and degree of nutrient attenuation are both important in determining the extent of nitrogen export. From a management perspective, this means that agricultural conservation efforts to reduce nitrogen export would benefit by: (1) expanding their focus to include activities that restore and enhance nutrient processing in these highly altered landscapes; and (2) targeting specific types of best management practices to watersheds where they will be most valuable. Doing so successfully may result in a shift in current approaches to conservation planning, outreach, and funding.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12333","usgsCitation":"McLellan, E., Schilling, K., and Robertson, D.M., 2015, Reducing fertilizer-nitrogen losses from rowcrop landscapes: Insights and implications from a spatially explicit watershed model: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 51, no. 4, p. 1003-1019, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12333.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1019","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056112","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Corn 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,{"id":70187346,"text":"70187346 - 2015 - Resilience of ponderosa and lodgepole pine forests to mountain pine beetle disturbance and limited regeneration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T13:57:25","indexId":"70187346","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resilience of ponderosa and lodgepole pine forests to mountain pine beetle disturbance and limited regeneration","docAbstract":"<p><span>After causing widespread mortality in lodgepole pine forests in North America, the mountain pine beetle (MPB) has recently also affected ponderosa pine, an alternate host species that may have different levels of resilience to this disturbance. We collected field data in ponderosa pine- and lodgepole pine-dominated forests attacked by MPB in Colorado and then simulated stand growth over 200 years using the Forest Vegetation Simulator. We compared scenarios of no disturbance with scenarios of MPB-caused mortality, both with and without regeneration. Results indicated that basal area and tree density recovered to predisturbance levels relatively rapidly (within 1‐8 decades) in both forest types. However, convergence of the disturbed conditions with simulated undisturbed conditions took longer (12‐20+ decades) and was delayed by the absence of regeneration. In MPB-affected ponderosa pine forests without regeneration, basal area did not converge with undisturbed conditions within 200 years, implying lower resilience in this ecosystem. Surface fuels accumulated rapidly in both forest types after MPB-induced mortality, remaining high for 3‐6 decades in simulations. Our results suggest that future patterns of succession, regeneration, fuel loading, climate, and disturbance interactions over long time periods should be considered in management strategies addressing MPB effects in either forest type, but particularly in ponderosa pine.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.5849/forsci.14-192","usgsCitation":"Briggs, J.S., Hawbaker, T., and Vandendriesche, D., 2015, Resilience of ponderosa and lodgepole pine forests to mountain pine beetle disturbance and limited regeneration: Forest Science, v. 61, no. 4, p. 689-702, https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.14-192.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"702","ipdsId":"IP-057982","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.14-192","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084929e4b0fc4e448ffd5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Jenny S. 0000-0001-7454-6928 jsbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7454-6928","contributorId":3087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Jenny","email":"jsbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vandendriesche, Don","contributorId":191603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vandendriesche","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187763,"text":"70187763 - 2015 - A global reference database from very high resolution commercial satellite data and methodology for application to Landsat derived 30 m continuous field tree cover data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-25T13:49:07.651942","indexId":"70187763","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A global reference database from very high resolution commercial satellite data and methodology for application to Landsat derived 30 m continuous field tree cover data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The methodology for selection, creation, and application of a global remote sensing validation dataset using high resolution commercial satellite data is presented. High resolution data are obtained for a stratified random sample of 500 primary sampling units (5 km × 5 km sample blocks), where the stratification based on Köppen climate classes is used to distribute the sample globally among biomes. The high resolution data are classified to categorical land cover maps using an analyst mediated classification workflow. Our initial application of these data is to evaluate a global 30 m Landsat-derived, continuous field tree cover product. For this application, the categorical reference classification produced at 2 m resolution is converted to percent tree cover per 30 m pixel (secondary sampling unit)for comparison to Landsat-derived estimates of tree cover. We provide example results (based on a subsample of 25 sample blocks in South America) illustrating basic analyses of agreement that can be produced from these reference data. Commercial high resolution data availability and data quality are shown to provide a viable means of validating continuous field tree cover. When completed, the reference classifications for the full sample of 500 blocks will be released for public use.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2015.01.018","usgsCitation":"Pengra, B., Long, J., Dahal, D., Stehman, S.V., and Loveland, T.R., 2015, A global reference database from very high resolution commercial satellite data and methodology for application to Landsat derived 30 m continuous field tree cover data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 165, p. 234-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.01.018.","productDescription":"15 p.; Data Release","startPage":"234","endPage":"248","ipdsId":"IP-058560","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96FKANW","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"A circa 2010 global land cover reference dataset from commercial high resolution satellite data"}],"otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -64.6875,\n              -54.77534585936447\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.90625,\n              -51.39920565355377\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.3359375,\n              -48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -56.953125,\n              -37.71859032558814\n            ],\n            [\n              -46.7578125,\n              -28.92163128242129\n            ],\n            [\n              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       ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"165","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e26bfe4b0764e6c61b75b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pengra, Bruce 0000-0003-2497-8284 bpengra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2497-8284","contributorId":5132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pengra","given":"Bruce","email":"bpengra@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Jordan 0000-0002-4814-464X jlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-464X","contributorId":3609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Jordan","email":"jlong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dahal, Devendra 0000-0001-9594-1249 ddahal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-1249","contributorId":5622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahal","given":"Devendra","email":"ddahal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stehman, Stephen V.","contributorId":77283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188063,"text":"70188063 - 2015 - Evaluating a satellite-based seasonal evapotranspiration product and identifying its relationship with other satellite-derived products and crop yield: A case study for Ethiopia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T13:16:13","indexId":"70188063","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating a satellite-based seasonal evapotranspiration product and identifying its relationship with other satellite-derived products and crop yield: A case study for Ethiopia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Satellite-derived evapotranspiration anomalies and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data are currently used for African agricultural drought monitoring and food security status assessment. In this study, a process to evaluate satellite-derived evapotranspiration (ETa) products with a geospatial statistical exploratory technique that uses NDVI, satellite-derived rainfall estimate (RFE), and crop yield data has been developed. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the ETa using the NDVI and RFE, and identify a relationship between the ETa and Ethiopia’s cereal crop (i.e., teff, sorghum, corn/maize, barley, and wheat) yields during the main rainy season. Since crop production is one of the main factors affecting food security, the evaluation of remote sensing-based seasonal ETa was done to identify the appropriateness of this tool as a proxy for monitoring vegetation condition in drought vulnerable and food insecure areas to support decision makers. The results of this study showed that the comparison between seasonal ETa and RFE produced strong correlation (</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;0.99) for all 41 crop growing zones in Ethiopia. The results of the spatial regression analyses of seasonal ETa and NDVI using Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression showed relatively weak yearly spatial relationships (</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.7) for all cropping zones. However, for each individual crop zones, the correlation between NDVI and ETa ranged between 0.3 and 0.84 for about 44% of the cropping zones. Similarly, for each individual crop zones, the correlation (</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>) between the seasonal ETa anomaly and de-trended cereal crop yield was between 0.4 and 0.82 for 76% (31 out of 41) of the crop growing zones. The preliminary results indicated that the ETa products have a good predictive potential for these 31 identified zones in Ethiopia. Decision makers may potentially use ETa products for monitoring cereal crop yields and early warning of food insecurity during drought years for these identified zones.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.006","usgsCitation":"Tadesse, T., Senay, G.B., Berhan, G., Regassa, T., and Beyene, S., 2015, Evaluating a satellite-based seasonal evapotranspiration product and identifying its relationship with other satellite-derived products and crop yield: A case study for Ethiopia: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 40, p. 39-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.006.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"54","ipdsId":"IP-064424","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ethiopia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[37.90607,14.95943],[38.51295,14.50547],[39.0994,14.74064],[39.34061,14.53155],[40.02625,14.51959],[40.8966,14.11864],[41.1552,13.77333],[41.59856,13.45209],[42.00975,12.86582],[42.35156,12.54223],[42,12.1],[41.66176,11.6312],[41.73959,11.35511],[41.75557,11.05091],[42.31414,11.0342],[42.55493,11.10511],[42.77685,10.92688],[42.55876,10.57258],[42.92812,10.02194],[43.29699,9.54048],[43.67875,9.18358],[46.94834,7.99688],[47.78942,8.003],[44.9636,5.00162],[43.66087,4.95755],[42.76967,4.25259],[42.12861,4.23413],[41.85508,3.91891],[41.1718,3.91909],[40.76848,4.25702],[39.85494,3.83879],[39.55938,3.42206],[38.89251,3.50074],[38.67114,3.61607],[38.43697,3.58851],[38.12092,3.59861],[36.85509,4.44786],[36.15908,4.44786],[35.81745,4.77697],[35.81745,5.33823],[35.29801,5.506],[34.70702,6.59422],[34.25032,6.82607],[34.0751,7.22595],[33.56829,7.71334],[32.95418,7.78497],[33.2948,8.35458],[33.8255,8.37916],[33.97498,8.68456],[33.96162,9.58358],[34.25745,10.63009],[34.73115,10.91017],[34.83163,11.31896],[35.26049,12.08286],[35.86363,12.57828],[36.27022,13.56333],[36.42951,14.42211],[37.59377,14.2131],[37.90607,14.95943]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ethiopia\"}}]}","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84bbe4b092b266f10d42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tadesse, Tsegaye 0000-0002-4102-1137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-1137","contributorId":147617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadesse","given":"Tsegaye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berhan, Getachew","contributorId":192391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berhan","given":"Getachew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regassa, Teshome","contributorId":192395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regassa","given":"Teshome","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beyene, Shimelis","contributorId":192396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beyene","given":"Shimelis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188441,"text":"70188441 - 2015 - Accommodation space, relative sea level, and the archiving of paleo-earthquakes along subduction zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T14:04:22","indexId":"70188441","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accommodation space, relative sea level, and the archiving of paleo-earthquakes along subduction zones","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spatial variability of Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) change influences the capacities of coastal environments to accommodate a sedimentary record of paleoenvironmental change. In this study we couch a specific investigation in more general terms in order to demonstrate the applicability of the relative sea-level history approach to paleoseismic investigations. Using subsidence stratigraphy, we trace the different modes of coastal sedimentation over the course of time in the eastern Indian Ocean where RSL change evolved from rapidly rising to static from 8000 yr ago to present. Initially, the coastal sites from the Aceh, Sumatra, coastal plain, which are subject to repeated great earthquakes and tsunamis, built up a sedimentary sequence in response to a RSL rise of 1.4 mm/yr. The sequence found at 2 sites 8 km apart contained 3 soils of a mangrove origin (</span><i>Rhizophora</i><span class=\"underline\">,</span><i>Bruguiera</i><span>/</span><i>Ceriops</i><span>, </span><i>Avicennia</i><span> pollen, and/or intertidal foraminifera) buried by sudden submergence related to coseismic subsidence and 6 tsunami sands that contain pristine subtidal and planktic foraminifera. After 3800 cal yr B.P. (years before A.D. 1950), sea level stabilized and remained such to the present. The stable relative sea level reduced accommodation space in the late Holocene, suggesting that the continued aggradation of the coastal plain was a consequence of periodic coastal inundation by tsunamis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G36706.1","usgsCitation":"Kelsey, H.M., Engelhart, S.E., Pilarczyk, J.E., Horton, B.P., Rubin, C., Daryono, M., Ismail, N., Hawkes, A., Bernhardt, C.E., and Cahill, N., 2015, Accommodation space, relative sea level, and the archiving of paleo-earthquakes along subduction zones: Geology, v. 43, no. 8, p. 675-678, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36706.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"678","ipdsId":"IP-062984","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1320556","text":"External Repository"},{"id":342338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3a8e4b0764e6c60e7da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":184057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilarczyk, Jessica E.","contributorId":192806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilarczyk","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12460,"text":"The University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":192807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5110,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubin, Charles","contributorId":192808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Daryono, Mudrik","contributorId":192809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daryono","given":"Mudrik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ismail, Nazli","contributorId":192810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ismail","given":"Nazli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hawkes, Andrea D.","contributorId":20240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"Andrea D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cahill, Niamh","contributorId":150754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahill","given":"Niamh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":18091,"text":"University College Dublin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70159890,"text":"70159890 - 2015 - Preserved filamentous microbial biosignatures in the Brick Flat gossan, Iron Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-03T09:40:22","indexId":"70159890","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preserved filamentous microbial biosignatures in the Brick Flat gossan, Iron Mountain, California","docAbstract":"<p>A variety of actively precipitating mineral environments preserve morphological evidence of microbial biosignatures. One such environment with preserved microbial biosignatures is the oxidized portion of a massive sulfide deposit, or gossan, such as that at Iron Mountain, California. This gossan may serve as a mineralogical analogue to some ancient martian environments due to the presence of oxidized iron and sulfate species, and minerals that only form in acidic aqueous conditions, in both environments. Evaluating the potential biogenicity of cryptic textures in such martian gossans requires an understanding of how microbial textures form biosignatures on Earth. The iron-oxide-dominated composition and morphology of terrestrial, nonbranching filamentous microbial biosignatures may be distinctive of the underlying formation and preservation processes. The Iron Mountain gossan consists primarily of ferric oxide (hematite), hydrous ferric oxide (HFO, predominantly goethite), and jarosite group minerals, categorized into in situ gossan, and remobilized iron deposits. We interpret HFO filaments, found in both gossan types, as HFO-mineralized microbial filaments based in part on (1) the presence of preserved central filament lumina in smooth HFO mineral filaments that are likely molds of microbial filaments, (2) mineral filament formation in actively precipitating iron-oxide environments, (3) high degrees of mineral filament bending consistent with a flexible microbial filament template, and (4) the presence of bare microbial filaments on gossan rocks. Individual HFO filaments are below the resolution of the Mars Curiosity and Mars 2020 rover cameras, but sinuous filaments forming macroscopic matlike textures are resolvable. If present on Mars, available cameras may resolve these features identified as similar to terrestrial HFO filaments and allow subsequent evaluation for their biogenicity by synthesizing geochemical, mineralogical, and morphological analyses. Sinuous biogenic filaments could be preserved on Mars in an iron-rich environment analogous to Iron Mountain, with the Pahrump Hills region and Hematite Ridge in Gale Crater astentative possibilities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert Inc.","doi":"10.1089/ast.2014.1235","usgsCitation":"Williams, A.J., Sumner, D.Y., Alpers, C.N., Karunatillake, S., and Hofmann, B.A., 2015, Preserved filamentous microbial biosignatures in the Brick Flat gossan, Iron Mountain, California: Astrobiology, v. 15, no. 8, p. 637-668, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1235.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"668","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060391","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471915,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1235","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Brick Flat Gossan, Iron Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.47009277343749,\n              38.4514377951069\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.47009277343749,\n              38.57393751557591\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.22908020019531,\n              38.57393751557591\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.22908020019531,\n              38.4514377951069\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.47009277343749,\n              38.4514377951069\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175dfe4b06a3ea36c56e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Amy J.","contributorId":138805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12532,"text":"Univ. of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sumner, Dawn Y.","contributorId":88997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karunatillake, Suniti","contributorId":40125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karunatillake","given":"Suniti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofmann, Beda A","contributorId":150177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Beda","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":17928,"text":"Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70159431,"text":"70159431 - 2015 - Holocene variability in the intensity of wind-gap upwelling in the tropical eastern Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-29T10:53:53","indexId":"70159431","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene variability in the intensity of wind-gap upwelling in the tropical eastern Pacific","docAbstract":"<p>Wind-driven upwelling in Pacific Panam&aacute; is a significant source of oceanographic variability in the tropical eastern Pacific. This upwelling system provides a critical teleconnection between the Atlantic and tropical Pacific that may impact climate variability on a global scale. Despite its importance to oceanographic circulation, ecology, and climate, little is known about the long-term stability of the Panamanian upwelling system or its interaction with climatic forcing on millennial time scales. Using a combination of radiocarbon and U-series dating of fossil corals collected in cores from five sites across Pacific Panam&aacute;, we reconstructed the local radiocarbon reservoir correction, &Delta;R, from ~6750 cal B.P. to present. Because the &Delta;R of shallow-water environments is elevated by upwelling, our data set represents a millennial-scale record of spatial and temporal variability of the Panamanian upwelling system. The general oceanographic gradient from relatively strong upwelling in the Gulf of Panam&aacute; to weak-to-absent upwelling in the Gulf of Chiriqu&iacute; was present throughout our record; however, the intensity of upwelling in the Gulf of Panam&aacute; varied significantly through time. Our reconstructions suggest that upwelling in the Gulf of Panam&aacute; is weak at present; however, the middle Holocene was characterized by periods of enhanced upwelling, with the most intense upwelling occurring just after of a regional shutdown in the development of reefs at ~4100 cal B.P. Comparisons with regional climate proxies suggest that, whereas the Intertropical Convergence Zone is the primary control on modern upwelling in Pacific Panam&aacute;, the El Ni&ntilde;o&ndash;Southern Oscillation drove the millennial-scale variability of upwelling during the Holocene.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015PA002794","usgsCitation":"Toth, L., Aronson, R.B., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R.L., 2015, Holocene variability in the intensity of wind-gap upwelling in the tropical eastern Pacific: Paleoceanography, v. 30, no. 8, p. 1113-1131, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002794.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1113","endPage":"1131","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063612","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015pa002794","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Panama","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Chiriqui, Gulf of Panama","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.90283203125,\n              6.54455998565331\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90283203125,\n              9.09124858577939\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.06884765624999,\n              9.09124858577939\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.06884765624999,\n              6.54455998565331\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90283203125,\n              6.54455998565331\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5633433de4b048076347eecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toth, Lauren T. ltoth@usgs.gov","contributorId":149483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"Lauren T.","email":"ltoth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aronson, Richard B.","contributorId":76233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, Hai","contributorId":85896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Hai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, R. Lawrence","contributorId":69760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70160743,"text":"70160743 - 2015 - The Penobscot River and environmental contaminants: Assessment of tribal exposure through sustenance lifeways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T13:56:26","indexId":"70160743","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"The Penobscot River and environmental contaminants: Assessment of tribal exposure through sustenance lifeways","docAbstract":"EPA in collaboration with the Penobscot Indian Nation, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USF&WS) collectively embarked on a four year research study to evaluate the environmental health of the riverine system by targeting specific cultural practices and using traditional science to conduct a preliminary contaminant screening of the flora and fauna of the Penobscot River ecosystem. This study was designed as a preliminary screening to determine if contaminant concentrations in fish, eel, snapping turtle, wood ducks, and plants in Regions of the Penobscot River relevant to where PIN tribal members hunt, fish and gather plants were high enough to be a health concern. This study was not designed to be a statistically validated assessment of contaminant differences among study sites or among species. The traditional methodology for health risk assessment used by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is based on the use of exposure assumptions (e.g. exposure duration, food ingestion rate, body weight, etc.) that represent the entire American population, either as a central tendency exposure (e.g. average, median) or as a reasonable maximum exposure (e.g. 95% upper confidence limit). Unfortunately, EPA lacked exposure information for assessing health risks for New England regional tribes sustaining a tribal subsistence way of life. As a riverine tribe, the Penobscot culture and traditions are inextricably tied to the Penobscot River watershed. It is through hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering and making baskets, pottery, moccasins, birch-bark canoes and other traditional practices that the Penobscot culture and people are sustained. The Penobscot River receives a variety of pollutant discharges leaving the Penobscot Indian Nation (PIN) questioning the ecological health and water quality of the river and how this may affect the practices that sustain their way of life. The objectives of this Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) study were to:\r\nDevelop culturally sensitive methodologies for assessing the potential level of exposure tocontaminants that Penobscot Indian Nation tribal members may have from maintainingtribal sustenance practices.\r\nConduct field surveys and laboratory analysis on targeted flora and fauna for chemicalexposure to dioxins/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total mercury and methyl-mercury.\r\nAssist the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) by providing thenecessary data to conduct a Public Health Assessment for the Penobscot Indian Nation.\r\nEstablish protocols for assessing the level of exposure to PCBs, dioxins/furans and mercuryto PIN tribal members as a consequence of gathering tribal plants for medicinal andnutritional purposes; as well as consuming fish, wood duck, and snapping turtle as a primarysource of nutrition.\r\nSurvey surface water, drinking water, and sediment from the Penobscot River and IndianIsland to assess the exposure of PIN tribal members to environmental genotoxicants thatcontinue cultural sustenance practices.\r\nThis research initiative collected and analyzed sediment and biota to determine the level of contaminant exposure to Penobscot tribal members. Natural resource utilization patterns and exposure pathways were identified based on discussions with the Tribal elders. Identification of Tribal exposure factors (exposure pathways and contaminant concentrations) was essential for accurately assessing potential long-term Penobscot Indian Nation tribal members’ exposure. Based on this study, ATSDR’s Public Health Assessment (PHA) concluded that the Penobscot Indian Nation (PIN) tribal members who eat fish and snapping turtle at the ingestion levels suggested in the Wabanaki Traditional Cultural Lifeways Exposure Scenario Report (Wabanaki Exposure Scenario) may be exposed to harmful levels of mercury, dioxins/furans, dioxin-like PCBs, and ot","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","collaboration":"USEPA","usgsCitation":"Marshall, V., Kusnierz, D., Hillger, R., Ferrario, J., Hughes, T., Diliberto, J., Orazio, C.E., Dudley, R.W., Byrne, C., Sugatt, R., Warren, S., DeMarini, D., Elskus, A., Stodola, S., Mierzykowski, S., Pugh, K., and Culbertson, C.W., 2015, The Penobscot River and environmental contaminants: Assessment of tribal exposure through sustenance lifeways, ix, 115 p. .","productDescription":"ix, 115 p. 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Christian","contributorId":150947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18151,"text":"US EPA Office of Pesticides Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sugatt, Richard","contributorId":150948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sugatt","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18149,"text":"US EPA Region 1","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Warren, Sarah","contributorId":150949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warren","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":18152,"text":"US EPA Office of Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DeMarini, David","contributorId":150950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeMarini","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":18152,"text":"US EPA Office of Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Elskus, Adria 0000-0003-1192-5124 aelskus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-5124","contributorId":130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"aelskus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stodola, Steve","contributorId":150951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stodola","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18149,"text":"US EPA Region 1","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Mierzykowski, Steve","contributorId":150952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mierzykowski","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18153,"text":"(6) US Fish & Wildlife Ser","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pugh, Katie","contributorId":150953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pugh","given":"Katie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18154,"text":"gency for Toxic Substance & Disease Registry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science 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,{"id":70157273,"text":"70157273 - 2015 - Impact of fishing and stocking practices on Coregonid diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T09:24:01","indexId":"70157273","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5003,"text":"Food and Nutrition Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of fishing and stocking practices on Coregonid diversity","docAbstract":"<p>Fish species diversity can be lost through interacting stressors including habitat loss, stocking and overfishing. Although a multitude of stressors have played a role in the global decline of coregonid (Coregonus spp.) diversity, a number of contemporary studies have identified habitat loss stemming from eutrophication as the primary cause. Unfortunately, reconstructing the role of fishing and stocking practices can be difficult, because these records are incomplete or appear only in hard-to-access historic grey literature. Based on an illustrative set of historic and contemporary studies, we describe how fisheries management practices may have contributed to coregonid diversity loss in European and North American lakes. We provide case studies examining how fishing and stocking may reduce coregonid diversity through demographic decline and introgressive hybridization. In some lakes, fisheries management practices may have led to a loss of coregonid diversity well before issues with habitat degradation manifested. Our review suggests that fish conservation policies could beneficially consider the relative importance of all stressors, including management practices, as potential drivers of diversity loss.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research Publishing","publisherLocation":"Irvine, CA","doi":"10.4236/fns.2015.611108","usgsCitation":"Anneville, O., Lasne, E., Guillard, J., Eckmann, R., Stockwell, J.D., Gillet, C., and Yule, D., 2015, Impact of fishing and stocking practices on Coregonid diversity: Food and Nutrition Sciences, v. 6, p. 1045-1055, https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2015.611108.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1045","endPage":"1055","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067208","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2015.611108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Norway, Switzerland, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes, Lake Constance, Lake Geneva, Lake Greifen, Lake Neuchatel , Lake Pfäffiker,  Lake Zurich","volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57651f36e4b07657d19c78b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anneville, Orlane","contributorId":147752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anneville","given":"Orlane","affiliations":[{"id":16922,"text":"INRA UMR CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasne, Emilien","contributorId":147753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasne","given":"Emilien","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16923,"text":"INRA UMR CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Baines, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guillard, Jean","contributorId":8385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guillard","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eckmann, Reiner","contributorId":147754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eckmann","given":"Reiner","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16924,"text":"Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stockwell, Jason D. 0000-0003-3393-6799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-6799","contributorId":61004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gillet, Christian","contributorId":147755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gillet","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16922,"text":"INRA UMR CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yule, Daniel 0000-0002-0117-5115 dyule@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":139532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70158931,"text":"70158931 - 2015 - Influence of in ovo mercury exposure, lake acidity, and other factors on common loon egg and chick quality in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-08T12:01:47","indexId":"70158931","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of in ovo mercury exposure, lake acidity, and other factors on common loon egg and chick quality in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>A field study was conducted in Wisconsin (USA) to characterize in ovo mercury (Hg) exposure in common loons (Gavia immer). Total Hg mass fractions ranged from 0.17 mg/g to 1.23mg/g wet weight in eggs collected from nests on lakes representing a wide range of pH (5.0&ndash;8.1) and were modeled as a function of maternal loon Hg exposure and egg laying order. Blood total Hg mass fractions in a sample of loon chicks ranged from 0.84ug/g to 3.86 ug/g wet weight at hatch. Factors other than mercury exposure that may have persistent consequences on development of chicks from eggs collected on low-pH lakes (i.e., egg selenium, calcium, and fatty acid mass fractions) do not seem to be contributing to reported differences in loon chick quality as a function of lake pH. However, it was observed that adult male loons holding territories on neutral-pH lakes were larger on average than those occupying territories on low-pH lakes. Differences in adult body size of common loons holding territories on neutral-versus low-pH lakes may have genetic implications for differences in lake-source-related quality (i.e., size) in chicks. The tendency for high in ovo Hg exposure and smaller adult male size to co-occur in low-pH lakes complicates the interpretation of the relative contributions of each to resulting chick quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.3001","usgsCitation":"Kenow, K.P., Meyer, M.W., Rossmann, R., Gray, B.R., and Arts, M.T., 2015, Influence of in ovo mercury exposure, lake acidity, and other factors on common loon egg and chick quality in Wisconsin: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 8, p. 1870-1880, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1870","endPage":"1880","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061540","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Iron County, Lincoln County, Price County, Oneida County, Vilas 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W.","contributorId":149111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17645,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Rhinelander, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossmann, Ronald","contributorId":149112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossmann","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17646,"text":"U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Grosse Ile, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arts, Michael T.","contributorId":139283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arts","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12720,"text":"Environment of Canada, National Water Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70158671,"text":"70158671 - 2015 - Book review: Biology and conservation of North American tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T12:09:39","indexId":"70158671","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Biology and conservation of North American tortoises","docAbstract":"<p>The charismatic North American tortoises hold a special place in our culture and natural history. Despite the perseverance of these tortoises over millions of years, biologists now question their ability to persist into the future. In light of documented declines, habitat loss, and numerous threats to tortoise populations, the editors gathered a diverse group of researchers to review what we have learned about this group after decades of study, to summarize gaps in the literature, and to reflect on how we may use the current state of knowledge to conserve these fascinating species. Initially intended as a focused review of the two most well-studied species in the genus <i>Gopherus</i>, <i>G. agassizii</i> (Mohave Desert Tortoise) and <i>G. polyphemus</i> (Gopher Tortoise), the book developed into a comprehensive treatment of the entire genus. The editors offer the work as a resource to professional biologists and agencies working with North American tortoises as well as a teaching aid, hobbyist&rsquo;s reference, and casual read for nature-lovers&mdash;although we presume that the former group is more likely to benefit than the latter. Although the book&rsquo;s size appears modest, the content delivers an in-depth look at the five recognized tortoise species.</p>\n<p>Review info:&nbsp;<i>Biology and Conservation of North American Tortoises.</i>&nbsp;Edited by David C. Rostal, Earl D. McCoy, and Henry R. Mushinsky, 2014. ISBN 978-1421413778, 190 pp.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Munoz, D., and Aiello, C.M., 2015, Book review: Biology and conservation of North American tortoises: Herpetological Review, v. 46, no. 2, p. 288-289.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062960","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.zenscientist.com/index.php/pdflibrary2/Open-Access-Files/ssar_public/Herpetological-Review-1967-2015/2015-Herpetological-Review-46(2)-June/"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5614f0e3e4b0ba4884c611f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munoz, David","contributorId":149004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munoz","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":17615,"text":"Dep't of Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiello, Christina M. 0000-0002-2399-5464 caiello@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-5464","contributorId":5617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiello","given":"Christina","email":"caiello@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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