{"pageNumber":"1170","pageRowStart":"29225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70182264,"text":"70182264 - 2000 - Advances in biotelemetry technology in the Columbia River Basin and how they are providing behavioral data used to shape fisheries management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T11:54:17","indexId":"70182264","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advances in biotelemetry technology in the Columbia River Basin and how they are providing behavioral data used to shape fisheries management","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biotelemetry 15: proceedings of the 15th international symposium on biotelemetry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"15th international symposium on biotelemetry","language":"English","publisher":"International Society on Biotelemetry","publisherLocation":"Wageningen, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Adams, N., Shively, R., and Rondorf, D., 2000, Advances in biotelemetry technology in the Columbia River Basin and how they are providing behavioral data used to shape fisheries management, <i>in</i> Biotelemetry 15: proceedings of the 15th international symposium on biotelemetry, p. 259-268.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"259","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb140e4b01ccd54f9ee3e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Eiler, J.E.","contributorId":182029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670289,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alcorn, D.J.","contributorId":182030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcorn","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670290,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022677,"text":"70022677 - 2000 - Nutrient concentrations and yields in undeveloped stream basins of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T15:58:33.578223","indexId":"70022677","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient concentrations and yields in undeveloped stream basins of the United States","docAbstract":"Data from 85 sites across the United States were used to estimate concentrations and yields of selected nutrients in streams draining relatively undeveloped basins. Flow-weighted concentrations during 1990-1995 were generally low with median basin concentrations of 0.020, 0.087, 0.26, 0.010, and 0.022 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for ammonia as N, nitrate as N, total nitrogen, orthophosphate as P, and total phosphorus, respectively. The flow-weighted concentration of nitrate exceeded 0.6 mg/L in only three basins. Total nitrogen exceeded 1 mg/L in only four basins, and total phosphorus exceeded 0.1 mg/L in only four basins. The median annual basin yield of ammonia as N, nitrate as N, total nitrogen, orthophosphate as P, and total phosphorus was 8.1, 26, 86, 2.8, and 8.5 kilograms per square kilometer, respectively. Concentrations and yields of nitrate tended to be highest in northeastern and mid-Atlantic coastal states and correlated well with areas of high atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Concentrations and yields of total nitrogen were highest in the southeastern part of the nation and in parts of the upper Midwest. In the northeast, nitrate was generally the predominant form of nitrogen, and in the southeast and parts of the upper Midwest, organic nitrogen was the dominant form. Concentrations of total phosphorus were generally highest in the Rocky Mountain and Central Plain states.Data from 85 sites across the United States were used to estimate concentrations and yields of selected nutrients in streams draining relatively undeveloped basins. Flow-weighted concentrations during 1990-1995 were generally low with median basin concentrations of 0.020, 0.087, 0.26, 0.010, and 0.022 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for ammonia as N, nitrate as N, total nitrogen, orthophosphate as P, and total phosphorus, respectively. The flow-weighted concentration of nitrate exceeded 0.6 mg/L in only three basins, Total nitrogen exceeded 1 mg/L in only four basins, and total phosphorus exceeded 0.1 mg/L in only four basins. The median annual basin yield of ammonia as N, nitrate as N, total nitrogen, orthophosphate as P, and total phosphorus was 8.1, 26, 86, 2.8, and 8.5 kilograms per square kilometer, respectively. Concentrations and yields of nitrate tended to be highest in northeastern and mid-Atlantic coastal states and correlated well with areas of high atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Concentrations and yields of total nitrogen were highest in the southeastern part of the nation and in parts of the upper Midwest. In the northeast, nitrate was generally the predominant form of nitrogen, and in the southeast and parts of the upper Midwest, organic nitrogen was the dominant form. Concentrations of total phosphorus were generally highest in the Rocky Mountain and Central Plain states.Data collected across the US from 85 streams draining relatively undeveloped basins were used to identify broad regional and national patterns in nutrient concentrations and yields. The basins of interest were selected from three USGS programs: the Hydrologic Benchmark Network, the National Water-Quality Assessment, and the Research Program. Water samples from most basins were collected on a weekly to bimonthly schedule. While the flow-weighted concentrations of nutrients varied, concentrations were low in most basins. Median flow-weighted concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, and total phosphorus were 0.020, 0.087, 0.26, 0.010, and 0.022 mg/l, respectively. Nitrate concentrations tended to be highest in the northeastern US, while southeastern and north-central basins had some of the highest NH3 concentrations. Flow-weighted concentrations of total P were generally highest in the Rocky Mountain and Central Plain states and in parts of the southeast.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04311.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., Mueller, D., and Mast, M., 2000, Nutrient concentrations and yields in undeveloped stream basins of the United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 4, p. 849-867, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04311.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"849","endPage":"867","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.586.3279","text":"External 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States\"}}]}","volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a697de4b0c8380cd73d52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, G. M.","contributorId":90325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, D. K.","contributorId":93525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022627,"text":"70022627 - 2000 - Occurrence, transport, and fate of trace elements, Blue River Basin, Summit County, Colorado: an integrated approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T14:53:51","indexId":"70022627","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence, transport, and fate of trace elements, Blue River Basin, Summit County, Colorado: an integrated approach","docAbstract":"Mining activities in the Blue River Basin, Summit County, Colorado, have affected the trace-element chemistry and biota along French Gulch and the Blue River. Elevated concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were present in the bed and suspended sediments. Bed sediment trace-element concentrations were high in the streams in and near mining activities in the basin and remained high as water flowed into Dillon Reservoir about 3.5 km downstream. Bed-sediment (< 63 μm) data were useful in assessing the distribution of trace elements in the basin. Suspended-sediment measurements provided information as to the transport of the trace elements. Filtered (< 0.45 μm) water-column trace-element concentrations were orders of magnitude less than the sediment concentrations. Concentrations of Cd and Zn in the water column at some sites exceeded stream water-quality standards. Elevated trace-element concentrations in the sediment and water column are a source of contamination and must be considered in water-quality management of the Blue River Basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag GmbH & Company KG","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s002549900066","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Apodaca, L., Driver, N.E., and Bails, J., 2000, Occurrence, transport, and fate of trace elements, Blue River Basin, Summit County, Colorado: an integrated approach: Environmental Geology, v. 39, no. 8, p. 901-913, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002549900066.","startPage":"901","endPage":"913","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002549900066"},{"id":233596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c6be4b0c8380cd74c03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apodaca, L.E.","contributorId":73635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driver, N. E.","contributorId":63398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bails, J. B.","contributorId":26856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bails","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022227,"text":"70022227 - 2000 - Geoelectrical structure of the central zone of Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Reunion)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022227","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoelectrical structure of the central zone of Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Reunion)","docAbstract":"A study of the geoelectrical structure of the central part of Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Reunion, Indian Ocean) was made using direct current electrical (DC) and transient electromagnetic soundings (TEM). Piton de la Fournaise is a highly active oceanic basaltic shield and has been active for more than half a million years. Joint interpretation of the DC and TEM data allows us to obtain reliable 1D models of the resistivity distribution. The depth of investigation is of the order of 1.5 km but varies with the resistivity pattern encountered at each sounding. Two-dimensional resistivity cross sections were constructed by interpolation between the soundings of the 1D interpreted models. Conductors with resistivities less than 100 ohm-m are present at depth beneath all of the soundings and are located high in the volcanic edifice at elevations between 2000 and 1200 m. The deepest conductor has a resistivity less than 20 ohm-m for soundings located inside the Enclos and less than 60-100 ohm-m for soundings outside the Enclos. From the resistivity distributions, two zones are distinguished: (a) the central zone of the Enclos; and (b) the outer zone beyond the Enclos. Beneath the highly active summit area, the conductor rises to within a few hundred meters of the surface. This bulge coincides with a 2000-mV self-potential anomaly. Low-resistivity zones are inferred to show the presence of a hydrothermal system where alteration by steam and hot water has lowered the resistivity of the rocks. Farther from the summit, but inside the Enclos the depth to the conductive layers increases to approximately 1 km and is inferred to be a deepening of the hydrothermally altered zone. Outside of the Enclos, the nature of the deep, conductive layers is not established. The observed resistivities suggest the presence of hydrated minerals, which could be found in landslide breccias, in hydrothermally altered zones, or in thick pyroclastic layers. Such formations often create perched water tables. The known occurrence of large eastward-moving landslides in the evolution of Piton de la Fournaise strongly suggests that large volumes of breccias should exist in the interior of the volcano; however, extensive breccia deposits are not observed at the bottom of the deep valleys that incise the volcano to elevations lower than those determined for the top of the conductors. The presence of the center of Piton de la Fournaise beneath the Plaine des Sables area during earlier volcanic stages (ca. 0.5 to 0.150 Ma) may have resulted in broad hydrothermal alteration of this zone. However, this interpretation cannot account for the low resistivities in peripheral zones. It is not presently possible to discriminate between these general interpretations. In addition, the nature of the deep conductors may be different in each zone. Whatever the geologic nature of these conductive layers, their presence indicates a major change of lithology at depth, unexpected for a shield volcano such as Piton de la Fournaise.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s004459900058","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Lenat, J., Fitterman, D., Jackson, D.B., and Labazuy, P., 2000, Geoelectrical structure of the central zone of Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Reunion): Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 62, no. 2, p. 75-89, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004459900058.","startPage":"75","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004459900058"}],"volume":"62","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1746e4b0c8380cd5546a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenat, J.-F.","contributorId":90172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenat","given":"J.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitterman, D.","contributorId":56104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, D. B.","contributorId":27057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Labazuy, P.","contributorId":97383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labazuy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022826,"text":"70022826 - 2000 - Quantitative model of the growth of floodplains by vertical accretion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T17:57:21.382456","indexId":"70022826","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative model of the growth of floodplains by vertical accretion","docAbstract":"<p>A simple one-dimensional model is developed to quantitatively predict the change in elevation, over a period of decades, for vertically accreting floodplains. This unsteady model approximates the monotonic growth of a floodplain as an incremental but constant increase of net sediment deposition per flood for those floods of a partial duration series that exceed a threshold discharge corresponding to the elevation of the floodplain. Sediment deposition from each flood increases the elevation of the floodplain and consequently the magnitude of the threshold discharge resulting in a decrease in the number of floods and growth rate of the floodplain.</p><p>Floodplain growth curves predicted by this model are compared to empirical growth curves based on dendrochronology and to direct field measurements at five floodplain sites. The model was used to predict the value of net sediment deposition per flood which best fits (in a least squares sense) the empirical and field measurements; these values fall within the range of independent estimates of the net sediment deposition per flood based on empirical equations. These empirical equations permit the application of the model to estimate of floodplain growth for other floodplains throughout the world which do not have detailed data of sediment deposition during individual floods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(200002)25:2<115::AID-ESP46>3.0.CO;2-Z","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Troutman, B., 2000, Quantitative model of the growth of floodplains by vertical accretion: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 25, no. 2, p. 115-133, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(200002)25:2<115::AID-ESP46>3.0.CO;2-Z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9226e4b0c8380cd806ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022850,"text":"70022850 - 2000 - Circulation and sediment transport in the vicinity of the Hudson Shelf Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T11:41:25","indexId":"70022850","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3160,"text":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Circulation and sediment transport in the vicinity of the Hudson Shelf Valley","docAbstract":"Sediment transport in the Hudson Shelf Valley and on the adjacent Long Island Shelf are evaluated using available data along with a three-dimensional wind-driven circulation model and a one-dimensional sediment transport model. Winds from the northwest drive currents up the Hudson Shelf Valley, while winds from the east produce weaker currents directed down the valley. Consistent with previous studies, sediment transport on the Long Island Shelf is dominated by resuspension during energetic wave events that are correlated with strong winds from the northeast, and net sediment flux is predicted to be towards the southwest along bathymetric contours. Transport of muddy sediments in the Hudson Shelf Valley, however, does not appear to be wave-dominated. These sediments are most likely to be resuspended by energetic currents driven by strong winds from the northwest that are not associated with energetic waves. The strong up-valley flows associated with these winds implies that net sediment flux along the Hudson Shelf Valley is up-valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Estuarine Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"November 3-5, 1999","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Harris, C.K., and Signell, R.P., 2000, Circulation and sediment transport in the vicinity of the Hudson Shelf Valley: Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, p. 380-394.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"394","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f604e4b0c8380cd4c552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Courtney K.","contributorId":19620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6708,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23281,"text":"ofr99113 - 2000 - Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T09:37:06","indexId":"ofr99113","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-113","title":"Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the water quality model developed for the Klamath River System Impact Assessment Model (SIAM). The Klamath River SIAM is a decision support system developed by the authors and other US Geological Survey (USGS), Midcontinent Ecological Science Center staff to study the effects of basin-wide water management decisions on anadromous fish in the Klamath River. The Army Corps of Engineersa?? HEC5Q water quality modeling software was used to simulate water temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity in 100 miles of the Klamath River Basin in Oregon and California. The water quality model simulated three reservoirs and the mainstem Klamath River influenced by the Shasta and Scott River tributaries. Model development, calibration and two validation exercises are described as well as the integration of the water quality model into the SIAM decision support system software. Within SIAM, data are exchanged between the water quantity model (MODSIM), the water quality model (HEC5Q), the salmon population model (SALMOD) and methods for evaluating ecosystem health. The overall predictive ability of the water quality model is described in the context of calibration and validation error statistics. Applications of SIAM and the water quality model are described.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr99113","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board, University of California at Davis, and PacifiCorp","usgsCitation":"Hanna, R.B., and Campbell, S.G., 2000, Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-113, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99113.","productDescription":"82 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99113.PNG"},{"id":320306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","city":"Keno, Seiad Valley","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.18283081054688,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18283081054688,\n              42.1817234984124\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97296142578124,\n              42.1817234984124\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97296142578124,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18283081054688,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d4e4b07f02db548f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanna, R. Blair","contributorId":67547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Sharon G.","contributorId":23173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022912,"text":"70022912 - 2000 - Sizes of prey consumed by two pelagic predators in US reservoirs: Implications for quantifying biomass of available prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022912","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sizes of prey consumed by two pelagic predators in US reservoirs: Implications for quantifying biomass of available prey","docAbstract":"Striped bass Morone saxatilis and hybrid bass M. saxatilis x M. chrysops have been stocked to establish fisheries in many US reservoirs, but success has been limited by a poor understanding of relations between prey biomass and predator growth and survival. To define sizes of prey that are morphologically available, we developed predictive relationships between predator length, mouth dimensions, and expected maximum prey size; predictions were then validated using published data on sizes of clupeid prey (Dorosoma spp.) in five US reservoirs. Further, we compared the biomass of prey considered available to predators using two forms of a length-based consumption model - a previously published AP/P ratio and a revised model based on our results. Predictions of maximum prey size using predator GW were consistent with observed prey sizes in US reservoirs. Length of consumed Dorosoma was significantly, but weakly, correlated with predator length in four of the five reservoirs (r2 = 0.006-0.336, P < 0.05). Model predictions of available prey biomass differed by as much as 800% between the original AP/P model and a revision based on our estimates of maximum available prey size. The revised model predicted less available prey biomass in cases where large Dorosoma (>150 mm TL) were abundant. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00108-3","issn":"01657836","usgsCitation":"Dennerline, D., and Van Den Avyle, M., 2000, Sizes of prey consumed by two pelagic predators in US reservoirs: Implications for quantifying biomass of available prey: Fisheries Research, v. 45, no. 2, p. 147-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00108-3.","startPage":"147","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208085,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00108-3"},{"id":233502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9124e4b08c986b319783","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennerline, D.E.","contributorId":30005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennerline","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Den Avyle, M.J.","contributorId":32117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Avyle","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001872,"text":"1001872 - 2000 - Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:32:47","indexId":"1001872","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?","docAbstract":"We used simple linear regression to analyze 8-23 years of data on a wolf (Canis lupus) population and human harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) bucks in northeastern Minnesota to determine any effects of wolves on buck harvesting. Over the long term, wolves accounted for at least 14-22% of the inter-year variation in buck harvest in the region, but an unknown amount of variation in hunter effort may have obscured any more precise estimate. For part of the area with poorest habitat, we found strong inverse relationships (r2 = 0.66-0.84) between annual wolf numbers and buck harvests from 1988 to 1995 when hunting pressure was considered relatively constant. However, in better habitat, where our buck harvest sample was larger, we found no evidence of wolves influencing buck harvest. Our findings tend to confirm the suitability of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resource's deer harvest regulations for a sustainable yield.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802982","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Nelson, M.E., 2000, Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 129-136, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802982.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d81f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022648,"text":"70022648 - 2000 - Lithofacies identification using multiple adaptive resonance theory neural networks and group decision expert system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022648","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithofacies identification using multiple adaptive resonance theory neural networks and group decision expert system","docAbstract":"Lithofacies identification supplies qualitative information about rocks. Lithofacies represent rock textures and are important components of hydrocarbon reservoir description. Traditional techniques of lithofacies identification from core data are costly and different geologists may provide different interpretations. In this paper, we present a low-cost intelligent system consisting of three adaptive resonance theory neural networks and a rule-based expert system to consistently and objectively identify lithofacies from well-log data. The input data are altered into different forms representing different perspectives of observation of lithofacies. Each form of input is processed by a different adaptive resonance theory neural network. Among these three adaptive resonance theory neural networks, one neural network processes the raw continuous data, another processes categorial data, and the third processes fuzzy-set data. Outputs from these three networks are then combined by the expert system using fuzzy inference to determine to which facies the input data should be assigned. Rules are prioritized to emphasize the importance of firing order. This new approach combines the learning ability of neural networks, the adaptability of fuzzy logic, and the expertise of geologists to infer facies of the rocks. This approach is applied to the Appleton Field, an oil field located in Escambia County, Alabama. The hybrid intelligence system predicts lithofacies identity from log data with 87.6% accuracy. This prediction is more accurate than those of single adaptive resonance theory networks, 79.3%, 68.0% and 66.0%, using raw, fuzzy-set, and categorical data, respectively, and by an error-backpropagation neural network, 57.3%. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00010-8","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Chang, H., Kopaska-Merkel, D., Chen, H., and Rocky, D.S., 2000, Lithofacies identification using multiple adaptive resonance theory neural networks and group decision expert system: Computers & Geosciences, v. 26, no. 5, p. 591-601, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00010-8.","startPage":"591","endPage":"601","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00010-8"},{"id":233922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4839e4b0c8380cd67ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, H.-C.","contributorId":80463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kopaska-Merkel, D. C.","contributorId":21314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopaska-Merkel","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, H.-C.","contributorId":9815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocky, Durrans S.","contributorId":94827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocky","given":"Durrans","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022649,"text":"70022649 - 2000 - Long-term impacts of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on sea otters, assessed through age-dependent mortality patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:19:43","indexId":"70022649","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Long-term impacts of the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill on sea otters, assessed through age-dependent mortality patterns","title":"Long-term impacts of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on sea otters, assessed through age-dependent mortality patterns","docAbstract":"<p><span>We use age distributions of sea otters (</span><i>Enhydra lutris</i><span>) found dead on beaches of western Prince William Sound, Alaska, between 1976 and 1998 in conjunction with time-varying demographic models to test for lingering effects from the 1989<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Exxon Valdez</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>oil spill. Our results show that sea otters in this area had decreased survival rates in the years following the spill and that the effects of the spill on annual survival increased rather than dissipated for older animals. Otters born after the 1989 spill were affected less than those alive in March 1989, but do show continuing negative effects through 1998. Population-wide effects of the spill appear to have slowly dissipated through time, due largely to the loss of cohorts alive during the spill. Our results demonstrate that the difficult-to-detect long-term impacts of environmental disasters may still be highly significant and can be rigorously analyzed by using a combination of population data, modeling techniques, and statistical analyses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.120163397","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., Doak, D.F., Ballachey, B.E., Johnson, A.H., and Bodkin, J.L., 2000, Long-term impacts of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on sea otters, assessed through age-dependent mortality patterns: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 97, no. 12, p. 6562-6567, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.120163397.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6562","endPage":"6567","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/18659","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4996e4b0c8380cd68739","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":46811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Aaron H.","contributorId":46971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022701,"text":"70022701 - 2000 - Map data in support of forest management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T16:46:24.51306","indexId":"70022701","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Map data in support of forest management","docAbstract":"<p><span>Now widely available and inexpensive, prepackaged map data are easy to use--and just as easy to use incorrectly. To select the proper scale and appropriate thematic attributes so that the data actually inform the project at hand, managers need to know the basics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jof/98.6.50","usgsCitation":"Fosnight, E., and Greenlee, D., 2000, Map data in support of forest management: Journal of Forestry, v. 98, no. 6, p. 50-52, https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/98.6.50.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479349,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/98.6.50","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410941,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jof/article/98/6/50/4614344","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4d15e4b0c8380cd6a0c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fosnight, E. A. 0000-0002-8557-3697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-3697","contributorId":97911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosnight","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenlee, D.","contributorId":26858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenlee","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022846,"text":"70022846 - 2000 - Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:42:50","indexId":"70022846","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy produced a 1 km resolution global land cover characteristics database for use in a wide range of continental-to global-scale environmental studies. This database provides a unique view of the broad patterns of the biogeographical and ecoclimatic diversity of the global land surface, and presents a detailed interpretation of the extent of human development. The project was carried out as an International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Data and Information Systems (IGBP-DIS) initiative. The IGBP DISCover global land cover product is an integral component of the global land cover database. DISCover includes 17 general land cover classes defined to meet the needs of IGBP core science projects. A formal accuracy assessment of the DISCover data layer will be completed in 1998. The 1 km global land cover database was developed through a continent-by-continent unsupervised classification of 1 km monthly Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composites covering 1992-1993. Extensive post-classification stratification was necessary to resolve spectral/temporal confusion between disparate land cover types. The complete global database consists of 961 seasonal land cover regions that capture patterns of land cover, seasonality and relative primary productivity. The seasonal land cover regions were aggregated to produce seven separate land cover data sets used for global environmental modelling and assessment. The data sets include IGBP DISCover, U.S. Geological Survey Anderson System, Simple Biosphere Model, Simple Biosphere Model 2, Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme, Olson Ecosystems and Running Global Remote Sensing Land Cover. The database also includes all digital sources that were used in the classification. The complete database can be sourced from the website: http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/glcc/glcc.html.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/014311600210191","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., Reed, B., Brown, J.F., Ohlen, D., Zhu, Z., Yang, L., and Merchant, J., 2000, Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 21, no. 6-7, p. 1303-1330, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311600210191.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1303","endPage":"1330","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286979,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014311600210191"},{"id":233645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003ae4b0c8380cd4f655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ohlen, D.O.","contributorId":72371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Merchant, J.W.","contributorId":75694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merchant","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022914,"text":"70022914 - 2000 - Occurrence and distribution of microbiological indicators in groundwater and stream water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T16:10:53.838458","indexId":"70022914","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3711,"text":"Water Environment Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and distribution of microbiological indicators in groundwater and stream water","docAbstract":"<p>A total of 136 stream water and 143 groundwater samples collected in five important hydrologic systems of the United States were analyzed for microbiological indicators to test monitoring concepts in a nationally consistent program. Total coliforms were found in 99%,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Escherichia coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in 97%, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Clostridium perfringens</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in 73% of stream water samples analyzed for each bacterium. Total coliforms were found in 20%, E. coli in less than 1%, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C. perfringens</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in none of the groundwater samples analyzed for each bacterium. Although coliphage analyses were performed on many of the samples, contamination in the laboratory and problems discerning discrete plaques precluded quantification. Land use was found to have the most significant effect on concentrations of bacterial indicators in stream water. Presence of septic systems on the property near the sampling site and well depth were found to be related to detection of coliforms in groundwater, although these relationships were not statistically significant. A greater diversity of sites, more detailed information about some factors, and a larger dataset may provide further insight to factors that affect microbiological indicators.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Water Environment Federation","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA, United States","doi":"10.2175/106143000X137220","issn":"10614303","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., Helsel, D., and Nally, R.A., 2000, Occurrence and distribution of microbiological indicators in groundwater and stream water: Water Environment Research, v. 72, no. 2, p. 152-161, https://doi.org/10.2175/106143000X137220.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"161","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      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dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nally, Rebecca A.","contributorId":94068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nally","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001910,"text":"1001910 - 2000 - Seasonal-range forecasting of the ozark climate by a principal component regression scheme with antecedent sea surface temperatures and upper air conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T16:50:44.702465","indexId":"1001910","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":920,"text":"Atmósfera","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal-range forecasting of the ozark climate by a principal component regression scheme with antecedent sea surface temperatures and upper air conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>On the basis of principal component analysis of long-term climatological records, regression models are formulated and forecast experiments are conducted for monthly temperature and precipitation of the Ozark Highlands area, a large area of low mountains and plateau in the south central midwestern United States. Predictors include global sea surface temperatures, hemispheric upper air fields and the local climate observations. The experiments for all months of the year are performed with the data from continuous 15-year segments of 1961-75 to 1980-94 for those years beyond the respective data segments. Relationships between regional-scale and large-scale climate variables are investigated by cross-correlation analysis to identify useful teleconnections for seasonal-range forecasting. The predictability of the Ozark Highlands climate is examined with the multiple linear regression scheme and the principal component regression scheme. It is shown that the forecast performance by the latter is superior to that of the former. The results of the extensive forecast experiments reveal the useful and stable predictability of the Ozark Highlands climate elements. The validity of the forecasting models is verified for up to 10 years after the data period of regression formulation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., and Kung, E., 2000, Seasonal-range forecasting of the ozark climate by a principal component regression scheme with antecedent sea surface temperatures and upper air conditions: Atmósfera, v. 13, p. 223-244.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.revistascca.unam.mx/atm/index.php/atm/article/view/8469"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.284912109375,\n              36.474306755095235\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.87841796875,\n              36.474306755095235\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.87841796875,\n              36.79169061907076\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.284912109375,\n              36.79169061907076\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.284912109375,\n              36.474306755095235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.W.","contributorId":60582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kung, E.C.","contributorId":85117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kung","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022922,"text":"70022922 - 2000 - Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T07:44:04","indexId":"70022922","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport","docAbstract":"<p>Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen has been cited as a major factor in the nitrogen saturation of forests in the north-eastern United States and as a contributor to the eutrophication of coastal waters, including the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Sources of nitrogen emissions and the resulting spatial patterns of nitrogen deposition within the Mississippi River Basin, however, have not been fully documented. An assessment of atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin was therefore conducted in 1998-1999 to: (1) evaluate the forms in which nitrogen is deposited from the atmosphere; (2) quantify the spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition throughout the basin; and (3) relate locations of emission sources to spatial deposition patterns to evaluate atmospheric transport. Deposition data collected through the NADP/NTN (National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network) and CASTNet (Clean Air Status and Trends Network) were used for this analysis. NO(x) Tier 1 emission data by county was obtained for 1992 from the US Environmental Protection Agency (Emissions Trends Viewer CD, 1985-1995, version 1.0, September 1996) and NH3 emissions data was derived from the 1992 Census of Agriculture (US Department of Commerce. Census of Agriculture, US Summary and County Level Data, US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Geographic Area series, 1995:1b) or the National Agricultural Statistics Service (US Department of Agriculture. National Agricultural Statistics Service Historical Data. Accessed 7/98 at URL, 1998. http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/hisdata.htm). The highest rates of wet deposition of NO3- were in the north-eastern part of the basin, downwind of electric utility plants and urban areas, whereas the highest rates of wet deposition of NH4+ were in Iowa, near the center of intensive agricultural activities in the Midwest. The lowest rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition were on the western (windward) side of the basin, which suggests that most of the nitrogen deposited within the basin is derived from internal sources. Atmospheric transport eastward across the basin boundary is greater for NO3- than NH4+, but a significant amount of NH4+ is likely to be transported out of the basin through the formation of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 particles - a process that greatly increases the atmospheric residence time of NH4+. This process is also a likely factor in the atmospheric transport of nitrogen from the Midwest to upland forest regions in the North-East, such as the western Adirondack region of New York, where NH4+ constitutes 38% of the total wet deposition of N.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W., and Stensland, G., 2000, Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 87-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208185,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1"}],"volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec4e4b0c8380cd49f3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stensland, G.J.","contributorId":62096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stensland","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1002992,"text":"1002992 - 2000 - Statistical and procedural issues in the use of heated taxidermic mounts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T17:20:57.686526","indexId":"1002992","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2476,"text":"Journal of Thermal Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical and procedural issues in the use of heated taxidermic mounts","docAbstract":"<p>Studies using mounts have an inherently nested error structure; calibration and standardization should use the appropriate procedures and statistics. One example is that individual mount differences are nested within morphological factors related to species, age, or gender; without replication, mount differences may be confused with differences due to morphology. Also, the sensitivity of mounts to orientation to wind or sun is nested within mount; without replication, inadvertent variation in mount positioning may be confused with differences among mounts. Data on heat loss from a of 1-day-old mallard duckling mount are used to illustrate orientation sensitivity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00094-7","usgsCitation":"Bakken, G., Kenow, K., Korschgen, C.E., and Boysen, A., 2000, Statistical and procedural issues in the use of heated taxidermic mounts: Journal of Thermal Biology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 317-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00094-7.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"321","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e2894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakken, G.S.","contributorId":96629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakken","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boysen, A.F.","contributorId":99507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boysen","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003012,"text":"1003012 - 2000 - Mapping forest canopy gaps using air-photo interpretation and ground surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1003012","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping forest canopy gaps using air-photo interpretation and ground surveys","docAbstract":"Canopy gaps are important structural components of forested habitats for many wildlife species. Recent improvements in the spatial accuracy of geographic information system tools facilitate accurate mapping of small canopy features such as gaps. We compared canopy-gap maps generated using ground survey methods with those derived from air-photo interpretation. We found that maps created from high-resolution air photos were more accurate than those created from ground surveys. Errors of omission were 25.6% for the ground-survey method and 4.7% for the air-photo method. One variable of inter est in songbird research is the distance from nests to gap edges. Distances from real and simulated nests to gap edges were longer using the ground-survey maps versus the air-photo maps, indicating that gap omission could potentially bias the assessment of spatial relationships. If research or management goals require location and size of canopy gaps and specific information about vegetation structure, we recommend a 2-fold approach. First, canopy gaps can be located and the perimeters defined using 1:15,000-scale or larger aerial photographs and the methods we describe. Mapped gaps can then be field-surveyed to obtain detailed vegetation data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Fox, T., Knutson, M.G., and Hines, R.K., 2000, Mapping forest canopy gaps using air-photo interpretation and ground surveys: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 4, p. 882-889.","productDescription":"pp. 882-889","startPage":"882","endPage":"889","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69df23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, T.J.","contributorId":50477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022832,"text":"70022832 - 2000 - Paleoearthquake recurrence on the East Paradise fault zone, metropolitan Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T13:46:36","indexId":"70022832","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoearthquake recurrence on the East Paradise fault zone, metropolitan Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"A fortuitous exposure of the East Paradise fault zone near Arroyo de las Calabacillas has helped us determine a post-middle Pleistocene history for a long-forgotten Quaternary fault in the City of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Mapping of two exposures of the fault zone allowed us to measure a total vertical offset of 2.75 m across middle Pleistocene fluvial and eolian deposits and to estimate individual surface-faulting events of about 1, 0.5, and 1.25 m. These measurements and several thermoluminescence ages allow us to calculate a long-term average slip rate of 0.01 ± 0.001 mm/yr and date two surface-faulting events to 208 ± 25 ka and 75 ± 7 ka. The youngest event probably occurred in the late Pleistocene, sometime after 75 ± 7 ka. These data yield a single recurrence interval of 133 ± 26 ka and an average recurrence interval of 90 ± 10 ka. However, recurrence intervals are highly variable because the two youngest events occurred in less than 75 ka. Offsets of 0.5-1.25 m and a fault length of 13-20 km indicate that surface-rupturing paleoearthquakes on the East Paradise fault zone had probable M<sub>s</sub> or M<sub>w</sub> magnitudes of 6.8-7.0. Although recurrence intervals are long on the East Paradise fault zone, these data are significant because they represent some of the first published slip rate, paleoearthquake magnitude, and recurrence information for any of the numerous Quaternary faults in the rapidly growing Albuquerque-Rio Rancho metropolitan area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119990089","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Personius, S.F., and Mahan, S., 2000, Paleoearthquake recurrence on the East Paradise fault zone, metropolitan Albuquerque, New Mexico: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 2, p. 357-369, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990089.","startPage":"357","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278545,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0119990089"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73d3e4b0c8380cd77282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022908,"text":"70022908 - 2000 - Geophysical evidence for the evolution of the California Inner Continental Borderland as a metamorphic core complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:04:46","indexId":"70022908","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical evidence for the evolution of the California Inner Continental Borderland as a metamorphic core complex","docAbstract":"We use new seismic and gravity data collected during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE) to discuss the origin of the California Inner Continental Borderland (ICB) as an extended terrain possibly in a metamorphic core complex mode. The data provide detailed crustal structure of the Borderland and its transition to mainland southern California. Using tomographic inversion as well as traditional forward ray tracing to model the wide-angle seismic data, we find little or no sediments, low (≤6.6 km/s) P wave velocity extending down to the crust-mantle boundary, and a thin crust (19 to 23 km thick). Coincident multichannel seismic reflection data show a reflective lower crust under Catalina Ridge. Contrary to other parts of coastal California, we do not find evidence for an underplated fossil oceanic layer at the base of the crust. Coincident gravity data suggest an abrupt increase in crustal thickness under the shelf edge, which represents the transition to the western Transverse Ranges. On the shelf the Palos Verdes Fault merges downward into a landward dipping surface which separates \"basement\" from low-velocity sediments, but interpretation of this surface as a detachment fault is inconclusive. The seismic velocity structure is interpreted to represent Catalina Schist rocks extending from top to bottom of the crust. This interpretation is compatible with a model for the origin of the ICB as an autochthonous formerly hot highly extended region that was filled with the exhumed metamorphic rocks. The basin and ridge topography and the protracted volcanism probably represent continued extension as a wide rift until ∼13 m.y. ago. Subduction of the young and hot Monterey and Arguello microplates under the Continental Borderland, followed by rotation and translation of the western Transverse Ranges, may have provided the necessary thermomechanical conditions for this extension and crustal inflow.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JB900318","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Zhang, J., Brocher, T.M., Okaya, D., Klitgord, K.D., and Fuis, G.S., 2000, Geophysical evidence for the evolution of the California Inner Continental Borderland as a metamorphic core complex: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B3, p. 5835-5857, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900318.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"5835","endPage":"5857","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900318","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"California Inner Continental Borderland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.26708984374999,\n              29.19053283229458\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.21435546875,\n              29.19053283229458\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.21435546875,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26708984374999,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26708984374999,\n              29.19053283229458\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2820e4b0c8380cd59e69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Jie","contributorId":44563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, David A.","contributorId":76724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022063,"text":"70022063 - 2000 - Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022063","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output","docAbstract":"Daily rainfall and surface temperature series were simulated for the Animas River basin, Colorado using dynamically and statistically downscaled output from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) re-analysis. A distributed hydrological model was then applied to the downscaled data. Relative to raw NCEP output, downscaled climate variables provided more realistic stimulations of basin scale hydrology. However, the results highlight the sensitivity of modeled processes to the choice of downscaling technique, and point to the need for caution when interpreting future hydrological scenarios.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999GL006078","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wilby, R., Hay, L., Gutowski, W., Arritt, R., Takle, E., Pan, Z., Leavesley, G., and Clark, M., 2000, Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1199-1202, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006078.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1202","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489175,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1129&context=ge_at_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206812,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006078"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36b0e4b0c8380cd6090b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilby, R.L.","contributorId":96043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilby","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J. Jr.","contributorId":48344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arritt, R.W.","contributorId":39544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arritt","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takle, E.S.","contributorId":7033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takle","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pan, Z.","contributorId":13006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70022176,"text":"70022176 - 2000 - Using high-resolution multibeam bathymetry to identify seafloor surface rupture along the Palos Verdes fault complex in offshore Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T11:07:44","indexId":"70022176","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using high-resolution multibeam bathymetry to identify seafloor surface rupture along the Palos Verdes fault complex in offshore Southern California","docAbstract":"Recently acquired high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data reveal several linear traces that are the surficial expressions of seafloor rupture of Holocene faults on the upper continental slope southeast of the Palos Verdes Peninsula. High-resolution multichannel and boomer seismic-reflection profiles show that these linear ruptures are the surficial expressions of Holocene faults with vertical to steep dips. The most prominent fault on the multibeam bathymetry is about 10 km to the west of the mapped trace of the Palos Verdes fault and extends for at least 14 km between the shelf edge and the base of the continental slope. This fault is informally called the Avalon Knoll fault for the nearby geographic feature of that name. Seismic-reflection profiles show that the Avalon Knoll fault is part of a northwest-trending complex of faults and anticlinal uplifts that are evident as scarps and bathymetric highs on the multibeam bathymetry. This fault complex may extend onshore and contribute to the missing balance of Quaternary uplift determined for the Palos Verdes Hills and not accounted for by vertical uplift along the onshore Palos Verdes fault. We investigate the extent of the newly located offshore Avalon Knoll fault and use this mapped fault length to estimate likely minimum magnitudes for events along this fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<587:UHMBTI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Marlow, M.S., Gardner, J., and Normark, W.R., 2000, Using high-resolution multibeam bathymetry to identify seafloor surface rupture along the Palos Verdes fault complex in offshore Southern California: Geology, v. 28, no. 7, p. 587-590, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<587:UHMBTI>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"587","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280146,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<587:UHMBTI>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"28","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc05ce4b08c986b32a0a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marlow, M. S.","contributorId":76743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022170,"text":"70022170 - 2000 - A Double-difference Earthquake location algorithm: Method and application to the Northern Hayward Fault, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022170","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Double-difference Earthquake location algorithm: Method and application to the Northern Hayward Fault, California","docAbstract":"We have developed an efficient method to determine high-resolution hypocenter locations over large distances. The location method incorporates ordinary absolute travel-time measurements and/or cross-correlation P-and S-wave differential travel-time measurements. Residuals between observed and theoretical travel-time differences (or double-differences) are minimized for pairs of earthquakes at each station while linking together all observed event-station pairs. A least-squares solution is found by iteratively adjusting the vector difference between hypocentral pairs. The double-difference algorithm minimizes errors due to unmodeled velocity structure without the use of station corrections. Because catalog and cross-correlation data are combined into one system of equations, interevent distances within multiplets are determined to the accuracy of the cross-correlation data, while the relative locations between multiplets and uncorrelated events are simultaneously determined to the accuracy of the absolute travel-time data. Statistical resampling methods are used to estimate data accuracy and location errors. Uncertainties in double-difference locations are improved by more than an order of magnitude compared to catalog locations. The algorithm is tested, and its performance is demonstrated on two clusters of earthquakes located on the northern Hayward fault, California. There it colapses the diffuse catalog locations into sharp images of seismicity and reveals horizontal lineations of hypocenter that define the narrow regions on the fault where stress is released by brittle failure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000006","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Waldhauser, F., and Ellsworth, W., 2000, A Double-difference Earthquake location algorithm: Method and application to the Northern Hayward Fault, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 6, p. 1353-1368, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000006.","startPage":"1353","endPage":"1368","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206722,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000006"},{"id":230631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2d6e4b0c8380cd45ca1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldhauser, F.","contributorId":31897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhauser","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022461,"text":"70022461 - 2000 - Climatic and biotic controls on annual carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70022461","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic and biotic controls on annual carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems","docAbstract":"1 The role of undisturbed tropical land ecosystems in the global carbon budget is not well understood. It has been suggested that inter-annual climate variability can affect the capacity of these ecosystems to store carbon in the short term. In this paper, we use a transient version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to estimate annual carbon storage in undisturbed Amazonian ecosystems during the period 1980-94, and to understand the underlying causes of the year-to-year variations in net carbon storage for this region. 2 We estimate that the total carbon storage in the undisturbed ecosystems of the Amazon Basin in 1980 was 127.6 Pg C, with about 94.3 Pg C in vegetation and 33.3 Pg C in the reactive pool of soil organic carbon. About 83% of the total carbon storage occurred in tropical evergreen forests. Based on our model's results, we estimate that, over the past 15 years, the total carbon storage has increased by 3.1 Pg C (+ 2%), with a 1.9-Pg C (+2%) increase in vegetation carbon and a 1.2-Pg C (+4%) increase in reactive soil organic carbon. The modelled results indicate that the largest relative changes in net carbon storage have occurred in tropical deciduous forests, but that the largest absolute changes in net carbon storage have occurred in the moist and wet forests of the Basin. 3 Our results show that the strength of interannual variations in net carbon storage of undisturbed ecosystems in the Amazon Basin varies from a carbon source of 0.2 Pg C/year to a carbon sink of 0.7 Pg C/year. Precipitation, especially the amount received during the drier months, appears to be a major controller of annual net carbon storage in the Amazon Basin. Our analysis indicates further that changes in precipitation combine with changes in temperature to affect net carbon storage through influencing soil moisture and nutrient availability. 4 On average, our results suggest that the undisturbed Amazonian ecosystems accumulated 0.2 Pg C/year as a result of climate variability and increasing atmospheric CO2 over the study period. This amount is large enough to have compensated for most of the carbon losses associated with tropical deforestation in the Amazon during the same period. 5 Comparisons with empirical data indicate that climate variability and CO2 fertilization explain most of the variation in net carbon storage for the undisturbed ecosystems. Our analyses suggest that assessment of the regional carbon budget in the tropics should be made over at least one cycle of El Nino-Southern Oscillation because of inter-annual climate variability. Our analyses also suggest that proper scaling of the site-specific and sub-annual measurements of carbon fluxes to produce Basin-wide flux estimates must take into account seasonal and spatial variations in net carbon storage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00198.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"Tian, H., Melillo, J.M., Kicklighter, D., McGuire, A., Helfrich, J., Moore, B., and Vorosmarty, C., 2000, Climatic and biotic controls on annual carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 9, no. 4, p. 315-335, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00198.x.","startPage":"315","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479334,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00198.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00198.x"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f65be4b0c8380cd4c6fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tian, H.","contributorId":43524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helfrich, J. Iii","contributorId":74535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helfrich","given":"J.","suffix":"Iii","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moore, B. III","contributorId":96845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"B.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vorosmarty, C. J.","contributorId":104232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vorosmarty","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022182,"text":"70022182 - 2000 - An evaluation of the toxicity of contaminated sediments from Waukegan Harbor, Illinois, following remediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T20:04:05","indexId":"70022182","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the toxicity of contaminated sediments from Waukegan Harbor, Illinois, following remediation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Waukegan Harbor in Illinois was designated as a Great Lakes Area of Concern due to high concentrations of sediment-associated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of 20 sediment samples collected after remediation (primarily dredging) of Waukegan Harbor for PCBs. A 42-day whole sediment toxicity test with the amphipod </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Hyalella azteca</i><span> (28-day sediment exposure followed by a 14-day reproductive phase) and sediment toxicity tests with Microtox® were conducted to evaluate sediments from Waukegan Harbor. Endpoints measured were survival, growth, and reproduction (amphipods) and luminescent light emission (bacteria). Survival of amphipods was significantly reduced in 6 of the 20 sediment samples relative to the control. Growth of amphipods (either length or weight) was significantly reduced relative to the control in all samples. However, reproduction of amphipods identified only two samples as toxic relative to the control. The Microtox basic test, conducted with organic extracts of sediments identified only one site as toxic. In contrast, the Microtox solid-phase test identified about 50% of the samples as toxic. A significant negative correlation was observed between reproduction and the concentration of three polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) normalized to total organic carbon. Sediment chemistry and toxicity data were evaluated using sediment quality guidelines (consensus-based probable effect concentrations, PECs). Results of these analyses indicate that sediment samples from Waukegan Harbor were toxic to </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">H. azteca</i><span> contaminated at similar contaminant concentrations as sediment samples that were toxic to </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">H. azteca</i><span> from other areas of the United States. The relationship between PECs and the observed toxicity was not as strong for the Microtox test. The results of this study indicate that the first phase of sediment remediation in Waukegan Harbor successfully lowered concentrations of PCBs at the site. Though the sediments were generally not lethal, there were still sublethal effects of contaminants in sediments at this site observed on amphipods in long-term exposures (associated with elevated concentrations of metals, PCBs, and PAHs).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010127","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Kemble, N., Hardesty, D., Ingersoll, C., Johnson, B., Dwyer, F., and MacDonald, D., 2000, An evaluation of the toxicity of contaminated sediments from Waukegan Harbor, Illinois, following remediation: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, no. 4, p. 452-461, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010127.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"461","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206785,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010127"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea5ae4b0c8380cd487df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardesty, D.G.","contributorId":82488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, B. Thomas","contributorId":105101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}