{"pageNumber":"1171","pageRowStart":"29250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70111095,"text":"70111095 - 2015 - Factors affecting individual foraging specialization and temporal diet stability across the range of a large “generalist” apex predator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T13:58:32","indexId":"70111095","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting individual foraging specialization and temporal diet stability across the range of a large “generalist” apex predator","docAbstract":"<p><span>Individual niche specialization (INS) is increasingly recognized as an important component of ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However, most studies that have investigated INS have focused on the effects of niche width and inter- and intraspecific competition on INS in small-bodied species for short time periods, with less attention paid to INS in large-bodied reptilian predators and the effects of available prey types on INS. We investigated the prevalence, causes, and consequences of INS in foraging behaviors across different populations of American alligators (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Alligator mississippiensis</i><span>), the dominant aquatic apex predator across the southeast US, using stomach contents and stable isotopes. Gut contents revealed that, over the short term, although alligator populations occupied wide ranges of the INS spectrum, general patterns were apparent. Alligator populations inhabiting lakes exhibited lower INS than coastal populations, likely driven by variation in habitat type and available prey types. Stable isotopes revealed that over longer time spans alligators exhibited remarkably consistent use of variable mixtures of carbon pools (e.g., marine and freshwater food webs). We conclude that INS in large-bodied reptilian predator populations is likely affected by variation in available prey types and habitat heterogeneity, and that INS should be incorporated into management strategies to efficiently meet intended goals. Also, ecological models, which typically do not consider behavioral variability, should include INS to increase model realism and applicability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-014-3201-6","usgsCitation":"Rosenblatt, A.E., Nifong, J., Heithaus, M.R., Mazzotti, F., Cherkiss, M.S., Jeffery, B.M., Elsey, R.M., Decker, R.A., Silliman, B.R., Guillette, L.J., Lowers, R.H., and Larson, J.C., 2015, Factors affecting individual foraging specialization and temporal diet stability across the range of a large “generalist” apex predator: Oecologia, v. 178, no. 1, p. 5-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-3201-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052152","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dcfe2e4b0589fa1cbd866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenblatt, Adam E.","contributorId":84206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenblatt","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nifong, James C.","contributorId":23377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nifong","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heithaus, Michael R.","contributorId":42828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heithaus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":90236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jeffery, Brian M.","contributorId":16511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elsey, Ruth M.","contributorId":172836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elsey","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Decker, Rachel A.","contributorId":172837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Silliman, Brian R.","contributorId":53659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silliman","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Guillette, Louis J. Jr.","contributorId":15916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guillette","given":"Louis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lowers, Russell H.","contributorId":172838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowers","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Larson, Justin C.","contributorId":172839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70155194,"text":"70155194 - 2015 - Floodplain complexity and surface metrics: influences of scale and geomorphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T12:08:28","indexId":"70155194","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floodplain complexity and surface metrics: influences of scale and geomorphology","docAbstract":"<p>Many studies of fluvial geomorphology and landscape ecology examine a single river or landscape, thus lack generality, making it difficult to develop a general understanding of the linkages between landscape patterns and larger-scale driving variables. We examined the spatial complexity of eight floodplain surfaces in widely different geographic settings and determined how patterns measured at different scales relate to different environmental drivers. Floodplain surface complexity is defined as having highly variable surface conditions that are also highly organised in space. These two components of floodplain surface complexity were measured across multiple sampling scales from LiDAR-derived DEMs. The surface character and variability of each floodplain were measured using four surface metrics; namely, standard deviation, skewness, coefficient of variation, and standard deviation of curvature from a series of moving window analyses ranging from 50 to 1000 m in radius. The spatial organisation of each floodplain surface was measured using spatial correlograms of the four surface metrics. Surface character, variability, and spatial organisation differed among the eight floodplains; and random, fragmented, highly patchy, and simple gradient spatial patterns were exhibited, depending upon the metric and window size. Differences in surface character and variability among the floodplains became statistically stronger with increasing sampling scale (window size), as did their associations with environmental variables. Sediment yield was consistently associated with differences in surface character and variability, as were flow discharge and variability at smaller sampling scales. Floodplain width was associated with differences in the spatial organization of surface conditions at smaller sampling scales, while valley slope was weakly associated with differences in spatial organisation at larger scales. A comparison of floodplain landscape patterns measured at different scales would improve our understanding of the role that different environmental variables play at different scales and in different geomorphic settings.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.024","usgsCitation":"Scown, M.W., Thoms, M.C., and De Jager, N.R., 2015, Floodplain complexity and surface metrics: influences of scale and geomorphology: Geomorphology, v. 245, p. 102-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.024.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064980","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Austraila, South Africa, United States","volume":"245","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55bc8e20e4b033ef52100f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scown, Murray W.","contributorId":145709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scown","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24492,"text":"Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, University of New England, Armidale, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thoms, Martin C. 0000-0002-8074-0476","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-0476","contributorId":145710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoms","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16205,"text":"Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, University of New England, NSW, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Jager, Nathan R. 0000-0002-6649-4125 ndejager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-4125","contributorId":3717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"Nathan","email":"ndejager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70155185,"text":"70155185 - 2015 - Annual growth patterns of baldcypress (<i>Taxodium distichum</i>) along salinity gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T13:10:01","indexId":"70155185","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual growth patterns of baldcypress (<i>Taxodium distichum</i>) along salinity gradients","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects of salinity on&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Taxodium distichum</i><span>&nbsp;seedlings have been well documented, but few studies have examined mature trees in situ. We investigated the environmental drivers of&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">T. distichum</i><span>&nbsp;growth along a salinity gradient on the Waccamaw (South Carolina) and Savannah (Georgia) Rivers. On each river,&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">T. distichum</i><span>&nbsp;increment cores were collected from a healthy upstream site (Upper), a moderately degraded mid-reach site (Middle), and a highly degraded downstream site (Lower). Chronologies were successfully developed for Waccamaw Upper and Middle, and Savannah Middle. Correlations between standardized chronologies and environmental variables showed significant relationships between&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">T. distichum</i><span>&nbsp;growth and early growing season precipitation, temperature, and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Savannah Middle chronology correlated most strongly with August river salinity levels. Both lower sites experienced suppression/release events likely in response to local anthropogenic impacts rather than regional environmental variables. The factors that affect&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">T. distichum</i><span>&nbsp;growth, including salinity, are strongly synergistic. As sea-level rise pushes the freshwater/saltwater interface inland, salinity becomes more limiting to&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">T. distichum</i><span>&nbsp;growth in tidal freshwater swamps; however, salinity impacts are exacerbated by locally imposed environmental modifications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-015-0659-x","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.L., Doyle, T.W., and Krauss, K.W., 2015, Annual growth patterns of baldcypress (<i>Taxodium distichum</i>) along salinity gradients: Wetlands, v. 35, no. 4, p. 831-839, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-015-0659-x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"839","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061714","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River, Waccamaw River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.16596221923828,\n              32.16166284018013\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.16596221923828,\n              32.24590935727029\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.10519409179688,\n              32.24590935727029\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.10519409179688,\n              32.16166284018013\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.16596221923828,\n              32.16166284018013\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.30274963378906,\n              33.20709496754046\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.30274963378906,\n              33.57973093125613\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.08714294433594,\n              33.57973093125613\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.08714294433594,\n              33.20709496754046\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.30274963378906,\n              33.20709496754046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55bc8e1fe4b033ef52100efd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Brenda L.","contributorId":145700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13559,"text":"Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, Thomas W. 0000-0001-5754-0671 doylet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Thomas","email":"doylet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70155187,"text":"70155187 - 2015 - Unifying research on the fragmentation of terrestrial and aquatic habitats: patches, connectivity and the matrix in riverscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T13:15:36","indexId":"70155187","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unifying research on the fragmentation of terrestrial and aquatic habitats: patches, connectivity and the matrix in riverscapes","docAbstract":"<ol id=\"fwb12596-list-0001\" class=\"numbered\">\n<li>While there is an increasing emphasis in terrestrial ecology on determining the influence of the area that surrounds habitat patches (the landscape &lsquo;matrix&rsquo;) relative to the characteristics of the patches themselves, research on these aspects in running waters is still rather underrepresented.</li>\n<li>Here we outline conceptual foundations of matrix ecology for stream and river ecosystems (&lsquo;riverscapes&rsquo;). We discuss how a hierarchical, patch-based perspective is necessary for the delineation of habitat patches and the surrounding matrix, through which we may identify two classes of habitat edges in riverscapes (i.e. edges between the terrestrial&ndash;aquatic interface and edges within streams).</li>\n<li>Under this conceptual framework, we discuss the role of the matrix in influencing between-patch movement, and resource quality and quantity within and among habitat patches in riverscapes. We also review types of empirical and modelling approaches which may advance our understanding of fragmentation effects in these systems.</li>\n<li>We identify five key challenges for understanding fragmentation and matrix effects more completely: (i) defining populations and their status (i.e. quantifying the demographic contribution of habitat patches to metapopulation dynamics), (ii) scaling from metapopulations to metacommunities (particularly searching for generalities in species responses to landscape heterogeneity), (iii) scaling from metacommunities to metaecosystems (i.e. exploring the interactive role of the terrestrial&ndash;aquatic and within-stream matrix effects on the flow of material and energy at the network scale), (iv) understanding temporal dynamics in matrix permeability and (v) revealing the utility of different patch and matrix representations for modelling connectivity relationships.</li>\n<li>Fragmentation of habitats is a critical issue in the conservation and management of stream networks across spatial scales. Although the effects of individual barriers (e.g. dams) are well documented, we argue that a more comprehensive patch&ndash;matrix landscape model will improve our understanding of fragmentation effects and improve management in riverscapes.</li>\n</ol>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12596","usgsCitation":"Eros, T., and Grant, E., 2015, Unifying research on the fragmentation of terrestrial and aquatic habitats: patches, connectivity and the matrix in riverscapes: Freshwater Biology, v. 60, no. 8, p. 1487-1501, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12596.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1487","endPage":"1501","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064994","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12596","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55bc8e21e4b033ef52100f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eros, Tibor","contributorId":146273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eros","given":"Tibor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell ehgrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":3696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148285,"text":"ofr20151107 - 2015 - Frac sand in the United States: a geological and industry overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T09:19:17","indexId":"ofr20151107","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1107","title":"Frac sand in the United States: a geological and industry overview","docAbstract":"<p>A new mineral rush is underway in the upper Midwest of the United States, especially in Wisconsin and Minnesota, for deposits of high-quality frac sand that the mining industry calls &ldquo;Northern White&rdquo; sand or &ldquo;Ottawa&rdquo; sand. Frac sand is a specialized type of sand that is added to fracking fluids that are injected into unconventional oil and gas wells during hydraulic fracturing (fracking or hydrofracking), a process that enhances petroleum extraction from tight (low permeability) reservoirs. Frac sand consists of natural sand grains with strict mineralogical and textural specifications that act as a proppant (keeping induced fractures open), extending the time of release and the flow rate of hydrocarbons from fractured rock surfaces in contact with the wellbore.</p>\n<p>The current sand mining surge has been driven by the boom in unconventional oil and gas production that has been largely spurred by advancements in technology promoting the expansion of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling over the past decade. Because of its superior quality, the sand of the upper Midwest not only supports the majority of domestic oil and gas production, but it also supplies frac sand to some of Canada&rsquo;s western shale basins.</p>\n<p>The principal sources of &ldquo;Northern White&rdquo; or &ldquo;Ottawa&rdquo; sand in the upper Midwest are the Middle and Upper Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone and the Lower Ordovician and Upper Cambrian Jordan Formation, with the Upper Cambrian Wonewoc and Mount Simon Formations gaining in importance. Additional frac sand sources to the south include the Upper Cambrian Hickory Sandstone Member of the Riley Formation in Texas, which is referred to informally as &ldquo;Brown&rdquo; or &ldquo;Brady&rdquo; sand, and the Middle Ordovician Oil Creek Formation in Oklahoma.</p>\n<p>More than 40 United States industry operators are involved in the mining, processing, transportation, and distribution of frac sand to a robust market that is fast-growing in the United States and throughout the world. In addition to the abrupt rise in frac sand mining and distribution, a new industry has emerged from the production of alternative proppants, such as coated sand and synthetic beads. Alternative proppants, developed through new technologies, are competing with supplies of natural frac sand. In the long term, the vitality of both industries will be tied to the future of hydraulic fracturing of tight oil and gas reservoirs, which will be driven by the anticipated increases in global energy consumption.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151107","usgsCitation":"Benson, M.E., Wilson, A.B., and Bleiwas, D.I., 2015, Frac sand in the United States: a geological and industry overview: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1107, Report: viii, 78 p.; 1 Plate: 42.0 x 36.0 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151107.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 78 p.; 1 Plate: 42.0 x 36.0 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059888","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151107.jpg"},{"id":306272,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1107/pdf/ofr20151107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1107 Report"},{"id":306273,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1107/pdf/ofr20151107_Plate1.pdf","text":"Map","size":"15.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1107 Map"},{"id":306274,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1107/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"OFR 2015-1107 Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Metadata file for more information."},{"id":306260,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1107/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee1e4b0bc0bec09ed6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Mary Ellen 0000-0002-4424-0730 mbenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-0730","contributorId":4724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Mary","email":"mbenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70147943,"text":"ofr20151091 - 2015 - U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2014 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T11:28:11","indexId":"ofr20151091","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1091","title":"U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2014 annual report","docAbstract":"<p>This is the seventh report produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) to detail annual activities conducted by the USGS for addressing specific management needs identified by WLCI partners. In FY2014, there were 26 projects, including a new one that was completed, two others that were also completed, and several that entered new phases or directions. The 26 projects fall into several categories: (1) synthesizing and analyzing existing data to identify current conditions on the landscape and using the data to develop models for projecting past and future landscape conditions; (2) monitoring indicators of ecosystem conditions and the effectiveness of on-the-ground habitat projects; (3) conducting research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying wildlife and habitat responses to changing land uses; (4) managing and making accessible the large number of databases, maps, and other products being developed; and (5) coordinating efforts among WLCI partners, helping them use USGS-developed decision-support tools, and integrating WLCI outcomes with future habitat enhancement and research projects.</p>\n<p>The new (completed) project was the development and publication of a public outreach piece for visitors of Fossil Butte National Monument. The final product was a USGS Fact Sheet that capitalized on previously collected elk-monitoring data to interpret the ecology of the Monument&rsquo;s elk population and the importance of the Monument&rsquo;s habitats to this highly visible wildlife species. One of the completed projects entailed developing and evaluating a synthetic approach to high-resolution satellite imagery for use in effectiveness monitoring, which culminated in a journal article. The other completed project was a coalescing of two similar tasks under data and information management that pertain to Web application development and the development of outreach and graphic products into a single integrated project that focuses on developing and maintaining/upgrading Web applications and other tools for visualizing, mapping, and using geospatial data.</p>\n<p>Major accomplishments for FY2014 included several publications, including Part B of an energy resources map that (with Part A) depicts coal, wind, oil, gas, oil shale, uranium, and solar energy production in the WLCI region. Two published works associated with sage-grouse included a Wildlife Monograph on prioritizing species&rsquo; habitats across large landscapes, multiple seasons, and novel areas (using sage-grouse in Wyoming as an example), and a USGS Data Series report that includes both the data used in the habitat-prioritization models and the habitat prioritization models developed for sage-grouse. Our Science Team also published a framework for conducting large, collaborative projects that rely on geospatial data, and a paper that describes the efficacy of fusing satellite data collected at various resolutions for measuring and monitoring vegetation changes. These products are all invaluable tools for maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of managing species of concern, conducting future landscape-scale assessments, and monitoring status and trends of landscape conditions.</p>\n<p>Other highlights of FY2014 included a renewed effort to gather and analyze wildlife and habitat status and trend data for the WLCI Interagency Monitoring Database (IAMD) to assess long-term trends and cumulative effects associated with land-use and climate changes. Water-monitoring efforts included drilling four new groundwater-monitoring wells in the Green and New Fork River basins near the proposed Normally Pressured Lance Formation energy development, and continued data collection at established water-monitoring sites. Three additional wells were sampled as part of the Wyoming Groundwater Monitoring Network, bringing the total to 19 Network wells sampled in the WLCI region since 2010. Combined, these water-monitoring efforts can help to identify potential changes in water quality or levels that may result from land-use changes. Major terrestrial monitoring accomplishments included processing satellite imagery from 1985&minus;2010 to develop a historical perspective of long-term vegetation changes, which can serve as a basis for monitoring current and future trends in sagebrush steppe. Such data are crucial tools for agencies tasked with sage-grouse management and conservation.</p>\n<p>The USGS WLCI Science Team also continued monitoring and testing methods for evaluating WLCI habitat treatments designed to promote aspen regeneration and enhance sage-grouse habitat, and to assess how those treatments influence invasive species distributions and ungulate herbivory. Highlights included analyzing field data collected to elucidate the relationships between sage-grouse habitat use and the proximity of energy infrastructure, and using new instruments to measure productivity responses of aspen woodlands to various factors.</p>\n<p>Numerous FY2014 accomplishments specifically addressed agency needs to manage and conserve Wyoming&rsquo;s wildlife species of concern. A pygmy rabbit habitat model and Wyoming distribution map were completed to identify factors associated with rabbit habitat occupancy. Previous work on sage-grouse population dynamics was expanded to better understand the factors that drive long-term viability of sage-grouse populations and to develop a tool that helps to identify key factors limiting sage-grouse persistence in Wyoming. Field work and data analyses continued for elucidating the relationships between sagebrush songbird abundance and productivity, the intensity of energy development, and community dynamics of nest predators. For the mule deer study, mixed mountain shrublands important to migrating and wintering mule deer were mapped and delivered to WLCI partners. Additionally, the relationships between energy development and crucial winter habitat for mule deer were evaluated, and a new phase of work was implemented to better understand relationships between plant phenology and mule deer migration movements. Finally, initial analyses of data collected to evaluate fish-community composition in relation to habitat quality indicate that water quality, as measured by concentrations of hydrocarbons, water temperature, and others parameters, has been diminished in subwatersheds with higher levels of energy development. Overall, the outcomes and products of these wildlife studies contribute significantly to the information and tools needed for addressing effects of land-use changes on Wyoming&rsquo;s species of concern.</p>\n<p>Finally, capabilities of the WLCI Web site and the USGS ScienceBase infrastructure were maintained and upgraded to help ensure access to and efficient use of all the WLCI data, products, assessment tools, and outreach materials that have been developed. Of particular note is the completion of three Web applications developed for mapping (1) the 1900&minus;2008 progression of oil and gas development;(2) the predicted distributions of Wyoming&rsquo;s Species of Greatest Conservation Need; and (3) the locations of coal and wind energy production, sage-grouse distribution and core management areas, and alternative routes for transmission lines within the WLCI region. Collectively, these applications tools provide WLCI planners and managers with powerful tools for better understanding the distributions of wildlife species and potential alternatives for energy development.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151091","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Bartos, T.T., Biewick, L.R., Boughton, G.K., Chalfoun, A.D., Chong, G.W., Dematatis, M.K., Eddy-Miller, C., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S., Homer, C.G., Huber, C., Kauffman, M., Latysh, N., Manier, D.J., Melcher, C.P., Miller, A., Miller, K.A., Olexa, E.M., Schell, S., Walters, A.W., Wilson, A.B., and Wyckoff, T.B., 2015, U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2014 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1091, x, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151091.","productDescription":"x, 61 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Streamflow statistics are used by water managers, engineers, scientists, and others to protect people and property during floods and droughts, and to manage, protect, and enhance water resources. StreamStats is a Web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) application that was created by the USGS, in cooperation with the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., that allows users to easily obtain streamflow statistics, basin characteristics, and descriptive information for USGS streamgages and user-selected ungaged locations on streams (Ries and others, 2008).</p>\n<p>StreamStats is being implemented on a State-by-State basis to allow for customization of the data development and underlying datasets to address their specific needs, issues, and objectives. The USGS, in cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and Georgia Department of Transportation, has implemented StreamStats for Georgia. The Georgia StreamStats Web site is available through the national StreamStats Web-page portal at <a href=\"http://streamstats.usgs.gov\">http://streamstats.usgs.gov.</a> Links are provided on this Web page for individual State applications, instructions for using StreamStats, definitions of basin characteristics and streamflow statistics, and other supporting information.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and the Georgia Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Gotvald, A.J., and Musser, J.W., 2015, StreamStats in Georgia—A Water-Resources Web application, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014–3027, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143027.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055013","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":70192266,"text":"70192266 - 2015 - Spread of the Rat Lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) in Giant African Land Snails (Lissachatina fulica) in Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T09:52:56","indexId":"70192266","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spread of the Rat Lungworm (<i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i>) in Giant African Land Snails (<i>Lissachatina fulica</i>) in Florida, USA","title":"Spread of the Rat Lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) in Giant African Land Snails (Lissachatina fulica) in Florida, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The rat lungworm (<i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i>) is a parasitic nematode that causes rat lungworm disease. It is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis and is a zoonotic health risk. We confirmed the presence of A.<i> cantonensis</i> using species-specific, quantitative PCR in 18 of 50 (36%) giant African land snails (<i>Lissachatina fulica</i>) collected from Miami, Florida in May 2013. These snails were collected from seven of 21 core areas that the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services monitor weekly. Rat lungworms have not previously been identified in these areas. Duplicate DNA extractions of foot muscle tissue from each snail were tested. Of the seven core areas we examined, six were positive for A.<i> cantonensis</i> and prevalence of infection ranged from 27% to 100%. Of the 18 positive snails, only five were positive in both extractions. Our results confirm an increase in the range and prevalence of rat lungworm infection in Miami. We also emphasize the importance of extracting sufficient host tissue to minimize false negatives.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2014-06-160","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D.D., Sanders, L., Schill, W., Xayavong, M.V., da Silva, A., Qvarnstrom, Y., and Smith, T., 2015, Spread of the Rat Lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) in Giant African Land Snails (Lissachatina fulica) in Florida, USA: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 51, no. 3, p. 749-753, https://doi.org/10.7589/2014-06-160.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"749","endPage":"753","ipdsId":"IP-059596","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/2014-06-160","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Miami","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.6558837890625,\n              24.79172154570878\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.639892578125,\n              24.79172154570878\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.639892578125,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6558837890625,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6558837890625,\n              24.79172154570878\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05124e4b0220bbd9a1daf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D. 0000-0002-9613-8594 diwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8594","contributorId":2253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah","email":"diwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanders, Lakyn R. lsanders@usgs.gov","contributorId":5714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Lakyn R.","email":"lsanders@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":715060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schill, W. Bane","contributorId":95024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W. Bane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xayavong, Maniphet V","contributorId":198089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xayavong","given":"Maniphet","email":"","middleInitial":"V","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"da Silva, Alexandre J","contributorId":198090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"da Silva","given":"Alexandre J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Qvarnstrom, Yvonne","contributorId":9944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qvarnstrom","given":"Yvonne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Trevor","contributorId":198092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Trevor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70137893,"text":"70137893 - 2015 - Mapping surficial minerals at high latitudes: The USGS 2014 imaging spectrometer data collection in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T16:34:33.45192","indexId":"70137893","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping surficial minerals at high latitudes: The USGS 2014 imaging spectrometer data collection in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Passive optical remote sensing of high latitude regions faces many challenges including a short acquisition season and poor illumination due to low solar elevation. Additional complications are encountered in the identification of surface minerals for mineral resource characterization because minerals of interest commonly are exposed on steep terrain, further challenging reflectance retrieval and detection of mineral signatures. On shallow slopes and flat terrain, vegetation cover can interfere with or obscure the absorption features of minerals in rock and soil. The USGS is conducting a study to examine the viability of using remote sensing techniques for identification of large-tonnage, base metal-rich deposits in Alaska.</p>","conferenceTitle":"IGARSS 2015","conferenceDate":"July 26-31, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Milan, Italy","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., Hoefen, T.M., Graham, G., Kelly, K., Johnson, M., Hubbard, B., and Goldfarb, R., 2015, Mapping surficial minerals at high latitudes: The USGS 2014 imaging spectrometer data collection in Alaska, IGARSS 2015, Milan, Italy, July 26-31, 2015, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062384","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.62109374999997,\n              58.90464570302001\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.3173828125,\n              58.90464570302001\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.3173828125,\n              69.14692017504962\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.62109374999997,\n              69.14692017504962\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.62109374999997,\n              58.90464570302001\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5650524ee4b0f162148c5d13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Garth","contributorId":11924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Garth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, Karen","contributorId":147239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela 0000-0001-6133-0247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":150010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard","contributorId":150011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard","contributorId":14409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70155243,"text":"ofr20151138 - 2015 - Preliminary interpretation of industry two-dimensional seismic data from Susitna Basin, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T09:28:01","indexId":"ofr20151138","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-30T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1138","title":"Preliminary interpretation of industry two-dimensional seismic data from Susitna Basin, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Located approximately 80 kilometers northwest of Anchorage, Alaska, the Susitna Basin is a complex sedimentary basin whose tectonic history has been poorly understood. Recent interpretation of two-dimensional seismic reflection data integrated with well, aeromagnetic, and gravity data provides new insights into the structural and stratigraphic nature of the basin.</p>\n<p>This report presents an interpretation of 41 two-dimensional seismic reflection lines, acquired by industry from the 1960s to the 1980s. Our interpretation of the seismic data focused mainly on picking two Eocene stratigraphic units and a presumed base of Tertiary horizon. Based on our interpretation of the seismic data, the structural features in the basin appear to be generally contractional, as evidenced by the presence of many reverse faults, thrust faults, and folds, with the contraction mainly oriented east-west. This result is contrary to prior inferences of most previous geologic studies that showed normal faults. Several regional reverse faults have been identified in the seismic data and appear to divide the basin into three regions or &ldquo;sides&rdquo;: east, west, and south.</p>\n<p>The eastern seismic lines show evidence of numerous short-wavelength antiforms that appear to correspond to a series of northeast-trending lineations observed in aeromagnetic data, which have been interpreted as being due to folding of Paleogene volcanic strata. The eastern side of the basin is also cut by a number of reverse faults and thrust faults, the majority of which strike north-south. The western side of the Susitna Basin is cut by a series of regional reverse faults and is characterized by synformal structures in two fault blocks between the Kahiltna River and Skwentna faults. These synforms are progressively deeper to the west in the footwalls of the east-vergent Skwentna and northeast-vergent Beluga Mountain reverse faults. Although the seismic data are limited to the south, we interpret a potential regional south-southeast-directed reverse fault striking east-northeast on the east side of the basin that may cross the entire southern portion of the basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151138","usgsCitation":"Lewis, K.A., Potter, C.J., Shah, A.K., Stanley, R.G., Haeussler, P.J., and Saltus, R.W., 2015, Preliminary interpretation of industry two-dimensional seismic data from Susitna Basin, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1138, 51 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151138.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 51 p.; Figures","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066228","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1138/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306211,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1138/ofr20151138.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1138"},{"id":306217,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1138/downloads","text":"Full-size, high-resolution figures"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Susitna Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.6552734375,\n              61.12201916813026\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.6552734375,\n              62.24746627771428\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.0625,\n              62.24746627771428\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.0625,\n              61.12201916813026\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.6552734375,\n              61.12201916813026\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, Central Energy Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> P.O. Box 25046<br /> Denver, CO 80225<br /><a href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/\">http://energy.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Discussion</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>Acknowledgment</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Figures</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-07-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee1e4b0bc0bec09ed70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70198333,"text":"70198333 - 2015 - Potential for real‐time understanding of coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in stream ecosystems: Future integration of telemetered data with process models for glacial meltwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-07T13:54:57.888253","indexId":"70198333","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-30T15:30:13","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for real‐time understanding of coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in stream ecosystems: Future integration of telemetered data with process models for glacial meltwater streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>While continuous monitoring of streamflow and temperature has been common for some time, there is great potential to expand continuous monitoring to include water quality parameters such as nutrients, turbidity, oxygen, and dissolved organic material. In many systems, distinguishing between watershed and stream ecosystem controls can be challenging. The usefulness of such monitoring can be enhanced by the application of quantitative models to interpret observed patterns in real time. Examples are discussed primarily from the glacial meltwater streams of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Although the Dry Valley landscape is barren of plants, many streams harbor thriving cyanobacterial mats. Whereas a daily cycle of streamflow is controlled by the surface energy balance on the glaciers and the temporal pattern of solar exposure, the daily signal for biogeochemical processes controlling water quality is generated along the stream. These features result in an excellent outdoor laboratory for investigating fundamental ecosystem process and the development and validation of process‐based models. As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long‐Term Ecological Research project, we have conducted field experiments and developed coupled biogeochemical transport models for the role of hyporheic exchange in controlling weathering reactions, microbial nitrogen cycling, and stream temperature regulation. We have adapted modeling approaches from sediment transport to understand mobilization of stream biomass with increasing flows. These models help to elucidate the role of in‐stream processes in systems where watershed processes also contribute to observed patterns, and may serve as a test case for applying real‐time stream ecosystem models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017618","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Cozzetto, K.D., Cullis, J.D., Gooseff, M.N., Jaros, C., Koch, J.C., Lyons, W.B., Neupauer, R.M., and Wlostowski, A.N., 2015, Potential for real‐time understanding of coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in stream ecosystems: Future integration of telemetered data with process models for glacial meltwater streams: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 8, p. 6725-6738, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017618.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6725","endPage":"6738","ipdsId":"IP-066061","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017618","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","volume":"51","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcbc1e4b0f5d57878ecbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzetto, Karen D.","contributorId":44461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzetto","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cullis, James D. S.","contributorId":206559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cullis","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":71880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaros, Christopher","contributorId":206566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaros","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyons, W. Berry","contributorId":73497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Berry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Neupauer, Roseanna M.","contributorId":176580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neupauer","given":"Roseanna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wlostowski, Adam N. 0000-0001-5703-9916","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-9916","contributorId":191365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wlostowski","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70154777,"text":"sir20155094 - 2015 - Towards automating measurements and predictions of <i>Escherichia coli</i> concentrations in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2012–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T09:07:59","indexId":"sir20155094","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-30T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5094","title":"Towards automating measurements and predictions of <i>Escherichia coli</i> concentrations in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2012–14","docAbstract":"<p>Nowcasts are systems that can provide estimates of the current bacterial water-quality conditions based on predictive models using easily-measured, explanatory variables; nowcasts can provide the public with the information to make informed decisions on the risk associated with recreational activities in natural water bodies. Previous studies on the Cuyahoga River within Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP) have found that predictive models can be used to provide accurate assessments of the recreational water quality. However, in order to run the previously developed nowcasts for CVNP, manual collection and processing of samples is required on a daily basis to acquire the required explanatory variable data (laboratory-measured turbidity). The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service collaborated to develop a more automated approach to provide more timely results to park visitors regarding the recreational water quality of the river.</p>\n<p>In May 2012, an in-stream water-quality sensor was installed by the U.S. Geological Survey at Jaite, Ohio (a site centrally located in CVNP on the Cuyahoga River), to provide near-real-time measurements of turbidity and water temperature. To transition from methods used during previous studies at CVNP, a relation between laboratory- and in-stream measured turbidity was developed after the recreational season of 2012. During the recreational seasons of 2012 through 2014, discrete water samples were collected and processed to determine <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) concentrations at Jaite and one site upstream of Jaite (Lock 29) within CVNP. Predictive models, using in-stream turbidity measurements, were developed for the recreational seasons of 2013 and 2014 to estimate recreational water quality in regards to Ohio&rsquo;s single-sample water-quality standard for primary-contact recreation.</p>\n<p>A computer program was developed to manage the nowcasts by running the predictive models and posting the results to a publicly accessible Web site daily by 9 a.m. The nowcasts were able to correctly predict <i>E. coli</i> concentrations above or below the water-quality standard at Jaite for 79 percent of the samples compared with the measured concentrations. In comparison, the persistence model (using the previous day&rsquo;s sample concentration) correctly predicted concentrations above or below the water-quality standard in only 68 percent of the samples. To determine if the Jaite nowcast could be used for the stretch of the river between Lock 29 and Jaite, the model predictions for Jaite were compared with the measured concentrations at Lock 29. The Jaite nowcast provided correct responses for 77 percent of the Lock 29 samples, which was a greater percentage than the percentage of correct responses (58 percent) from the persistence model at Lock 29.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Brady, A.M.G., and Plona, M.B., 2015, Towards automating measurements and predictions of <em>Escherichia coli</em> concentrations in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5094, 30 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155094.","productDescription":"vii, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061449","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5094/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306250,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5094/sir20155094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5094"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Cuyahoga Valley National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.76025390625,\n              41.08763212467916\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76025390625,\n              41.50034959128928\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.49658203125,\n              41.50034959128928\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.49658203125,\n              41.08763212467916\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76025390625,\n              41.08763212467916\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, Ohio Water Science Center<br /> 6480 Doubletree Ave<br /> Columbus, OH 43229&ndash;1111<br /> (614) 430&ndash;7777<br /> <a href=\"http://oh.water.usgs.gov/\">http://oh.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Study Area</li>\n<li>Methods</li>\n<li>Comparison of Laboratory-Measured and In-Stream Turbidity</li>\n<li>Comparison of <em>Escherichia coli</em> Enumeration Methods</li>\n<li>Quality-Control Sample Results</li>\n<li>Afternoon Samples</li>\n<li><em>Escherichia coli</em> Concentrations and Environmental and Water-Quality Variables</li>\n<li>Development and Testing of Nowcasts Using Near-Real-Time Data at Jaite</li>\n<li>Using Jaite Nowcasts To Predict Water Quality at Lock 29</li>\n<li>Reaching the Public</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix 1</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-07-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee1e4b0bc0bec09ed72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M.G. 0000-0002-7414-0992 amgbrady@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-0992","contributorId":2544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie","email":"amgbrady@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meg B. Plona","contributorId":145464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meg B. Plona","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70141888,"text":"fs20153012 - 2015 - Indium: bringing liquid-crystal displays into focus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T09:01:29","indexId":"fs20153012","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-30T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3012","title":"Indium: bringing liquid-crystal displays into focus","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1>\n<p>Indium is rare in the Earth&rsquo;s crust. The continental crust contains an average of about 50 parts per billion of indium, whereas the oceanic crust contains about 72 parts per billion, which is similar to meteoritic abundances and comparable to the crustal abundance of silver. Indium minerals are rare in nature and only 12 indium minerals are known. In its elemental form, indium is a soft, lustrous, silver-white metal with a low melting point relative to other metals. It is ductile and malleable, even at temperatures approaching absolute zero, making it ideal for cryogenic applications.</p>\n<p>Indium was discovered in the mid-1800s by two German chemists who were investigating zinc ores from Freiberg, Saxony. They named it after the distinctive indigo-blue color observed in its emission spectrum. For years indium remained only a scientific curiosity and early applications of indium were few, but included manufacturing of light-emitting diodes and coatings for bearings used in aircraft engines. Indium-bearing nuclear control rods became more widely used in the 1970s, and today the major application of indium is in manufacturing liquid-crystal displays.</p>\n<p>Compared to more abundant industrial metals such as lead and zinc, information about the behavior and toxicity of indium in the environment is limited. However, many indium compounds have been proven to be toxic to animals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153012","usgsCitation":"Mercer, C.N., 2015, Indium—Bringing liquid-crystal displays into focus:  U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3012, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153012.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059493","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3012/fs20153012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"977 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3012"},{"id":306202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3012/coverthb1.jpg"}],"contact":"<p>Director, Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> Box 25046, MS&ndash;973<br /> Denver, CO 80225<br /><a href=\"http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/\">http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>How Do We Use Indium?</li>\n<li>Where Does Indium Come From?</li>\n<li>Worldwide Supply of and Demand for Indium</li>\n<li>How Do We Ensure Adequate Supplies of Indium for the Future?</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-07-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee1e4b0bc0bec09ed74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mercer, Celestine N. 0000-0001-8359-4147 cmercer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-4147","contributorId":4006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercer","given":"Celestine","email":"cmercer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70141625,"text":"fs20153011 - 2015 - Germanium: giving microelectronics an efficiency boost","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T08:56:15","indexId":"fs20153011","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-30T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3011","title":"Germanium: giving microelectronics an efficiency boost","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1>\n<p>Germanium is a rare element but is present in trace quantities in most rock types because of its affinity for iron- and organic-bearing materials. The average germanium content of the Earth is about 14 parts per million, but the majority of germanium resides within the Earth&rsquo;s core (37 parts per million) while the Earth&rsquo;s crust contains only about 1.5 parts per million. Germanium does not occur as a native metal in nature, but about 30 different germanium minerals are known to exist. In refined form, it is grayish-white and metallic in appearance. Germanium is a semiconducting metalloid with electrical properties between those of a metal and an insulator.</p>\n<p>Germanium was discovered in the late 1800s within silver ore at a mine near Freiberg, Germany. The German chemist who described the element, Clemens Winkler, named it germanium, after his native country. More than half a century elapsed before its first commercial use after World War II, when Karl Lark-Horovitz from Purdue University discovered its properties as a semiconductor. Today germanium is commonly used in commercial, industrial, and military applications.</p>\n<p>Germanium is an essentially nontoxic element, with the exception of only a few compounds. However, if dissolved concentrations in drinking water are as high as one or more parts per million chronic diseases may occur.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153011","collaboration":"USGS Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Mercer, C.N., 2015, Germanium—Giving microelectronics an efficiency boost:  U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015–3011, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153011.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059492","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3011/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305936,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3011/fs20153011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"975 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3011"}],"contact":"<p>Director, Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> Box 25046, MS&ndash;973<br /> Denver, CO 80225<br /><a href=\"http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/\">http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>How Do We Use Germanium?</li>\n<li>Where Does Germanium Come From?</li>\n<li>Worldwide Supply of and Demand for Germanium</li>\n<li>How Do We Ensure Adequate Supplies of Germanium for the Future?</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-07-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee1e4b0bc0bec09ed76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mercer, Celestine N. 0000-0001-8359-4147 cmercer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-4147","contributorId":4006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercer","given":"Celestine","email":"cmercer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156242,"text":"70156242 - 2015 - Electrical properties of methane hydrate + sediment mixtures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T09:30:33","indexId":"70156242","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-30T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical properties of methane hydrate + sediment mixtures","docAbstract":"<p>Knowledge of the electrical properties of multicomponent systems with gas hydrate, sediments, and pore water is needed to help relate electromagnetic (EM) measurements to specific gas hydrate concentration and distribution patterns in nature. Toward this goal, we built a pressure cell capable of measuring in situ electrical properties of multicomponent systems such that the effects of individual components and mixing relations can be assessed. We first established the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity (<i>&sigma;</i>) of pure, single-phase methane hydrate to be ~5 orders of magnitude lower than seawater, a substantial contrast that can help differentiate hydrate deposits from significantly more conductive water-saturated sediments in EM field surveys. Here we report <i>&sigma;</i> measurements of two-component systems in which methane hydrate is mixed with variable amounts of quartz sand or glass beads. Sand by itself has low <i>&sigma;</i> but is found to increase the overall <i>&sigma;</i> of mixtures with well-connected methane hydrate. Alternatively, the overall <i>&sigma;</i> decreases when sand concentrations are high enough to cause gas hydrate to be poorly connected, indicating that hydrate grains provide the primary conduction path. Our measurements suggest that impurities from sand induce chemical interactions and/or doping effects that result in higher electrical conductivity with lower temperature dependence. These results can be used in the modeling of massive or two-phase gas-hydrate-bearing systems devoid of conductive pore water. Further experiments that include a free water phase are the necessary next steps toward developing complex models relevant to most natural systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB011940","usgsCitation":"Du Frane, W.L., Stern, L.A., Constable, S., Weitemeyer, K.A., Smith, M.M., and Roberts, J.J., 2015, Electrical properties of methane hydrate + sediment mixtures: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 120, no. 7, p. 4773-4783, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011940.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4773","endPage":"4783","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056262","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb011940","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45730e4b0518e354694c1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015jb011940","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015jb011940","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Du Frane Wyatt L., Stern Laura A., Constable Steven, Weitemeyer Karen A., Smith Megan M., Roberts Jeffery J.","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","publicationDate":"7/2015","auditedOn":"4/5/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Frane, Wyatt L.","contributorId":23067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Du Frane","given":"Wyatt","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stern, Laura A. 0000-0003-3440-5674 lstern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-5674","contributorId":1197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Laura","email":"lstern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Constable, Steven","contributorId":9178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constable","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weitemeyer, Karen A.","contributorId":90215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weitemeyer","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Megan M","contributorId":146543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Jeffery J.","contributorId":98222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70159104,"text":"70159104 - 2015 - Examining spectral variations in localized lunar dark mantle deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T13:58:45","indexId":"70159104","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining spectral variations in localized lunar dark mantle deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>The localized lunar dark mantle deposits (DMDs) in Alphonsus, J. Herschel, and Oppenheimer craters were analyzed using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper. Spectra of these localized DMDs were analyzed for compositional and mineralogical variations within the deposits and were compared with nearby mare basalt units. Spectra of the three localized DMDs exhibited mafic absorption features indicating iron-rich compositions, although the DMDs were spectrally distinct from nearby mare basalts. All of the DMDs contained spectral signatures of glassy materials, suggesting the presence of volcanic glass in varying concentrations across the individual deposits. In addition, the albedo and spectral signatures were variable within the Alphonsus and Oppenheimer crater DMDs, suggesting variable deposit thickness and/or variations in the amount of mixing with the local substrate. Two previously unidentified localized DMDs were discovered to the northeast of Oppenheimer crater. The identification of high concentrations of volcanic glass in multiple localized DMDs in different locations suggests that the distribution of volcanic glass across the lunar surface is much more widespread than has been previously documented. The presence of volcanic glass implies an explosive, vulcanian eruption style for localized DMDs, as this allows volcanic glass to rapidly quench, inhibiting crystallization, compared to the larger hawaiian-style eruptions typical of regional DMD emplacement where black beads indicate a higher degree of crystallization. Improved understanding of the local and global distributions of volcanic glass in lunar DMDs will further constrain lunar degassing and compositional evolution throughout lunar volcanic history.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2014JE004759","usgsCitation":"Jawin, E., Besse, S., Gaddis, L.R., Sunshine, J., Head, J.W., and Mazrouei, S., 2015, Examining spectral variations in localized lunar dark mantle deposits: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 120, no. 7, p. 1310-1331, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004759.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1310","endPage":"1331","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061059","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014je004759","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"120","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261464e4b0fb9a11dd7620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jawin, Erica","contributorId":149242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jawin","given":"Erica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Besse, Sebastien","contributorId":149243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Besse","given":"Sebastien","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17687,"text":"ESTEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sunshine, Jessica","contributorId":149244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sunshine","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17688,"text":"Univ. Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Head, James W.","contributorId":70772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Head","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7002,"text":"Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mazrouei, Sara","contributorId":149245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazrouei","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17687,"text":"ESTEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70148634,"text":"sim3335 - 2015 - Geologic Map of Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T11:24:06","indexId":"sim3335","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3335","title":"Geologic Map of Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>This map updates the geology of Baranof Island based on fieldwork, petrographic analyses, paleontologic ages, and isotopic ages. These new data provide constraints on depositional and metamorphic ages of lithostratigraphic rock units and the timing of structures that separate them. Kinematic analyses and thermobarometric calculations provide insights on the regional tectonic processes that affected the rocks on Baranof Island. The rocks on Baranof Island are components of a Paleozoic to Early Tertiary oceanic volcanic arc complex, including sedimentary and volcanic rocks that were deposited on and adjacent to the arc complex, deformed, and accreted. The arc complex consists of greenschist to amphibolite facies Paleozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks overlain by lower-grade Triassic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks and intruded by Jurassic calc-alkaline plutons. The Paleozoic rocks correlate well in age and lithology with rocks of the Sicker and Buttle Lake Groups of the Wrangellia terrane on Vancouver Island and differ from rocks of the Skolai Group that constitute basement to type-Wrangellia in the Wrangell Mountains. The Jurassic intrusive rocks are correlative with plutons that intrude the Wrangellia terrane on Vancouver Island but are lacking in the Wrangell Mountains. The rocks accreted beneath the arc complex are referred to as the Baranof Accretionary Complex in this report and are correlated with the Chugach Accretionary Complex of southern and southeastern Alaska and with the Pacific Rim Complex on Vancouver Island. Stratigraphic correlations between upper- and lower-plate rocks on Baranof Island and western Chichagof Island with rocks on Haida Gwaii and Vancouver Island, in addition to correlative ages of intrusive rocks and restorations of the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte, Chatham Strait, and Peril Strait Faults that define the Baranof-Chichagof block, suggest Baranof Island was near Vancouver Island at the time of initiation of arc magmatism in the Early Jurassic. Early Eocene plutons that intruded the accretionary complex outboard of the arc on Baranof Island are attributed to anatectic melting of trench sediments resulting from subduction of a spreading center. Oligocene intrusive rocks on Baranof Island correlate in age and composition with intrusive rocks in the Kano Plutonic Suite on Haida Gwaii, and similar magmatic sources are inferred.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3335","usgsCitation":"Karl, S.M., Haeussler, P.J., Himmelberg, G.R., Zumsteg, C.L., Layer, P.W., Friedman, R.M., Roeske, S.M., and Snee, L., 2015, Geologic Map of Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3335, Pamphlet: iv, 82 p.; Map Sheet: 36 x 43.63 inches; Map GIS; 2 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3335.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 82 p.; Map Sheet: 36 x 43.63 inches; Map GIS; 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052072","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3335.gif"},{"id":306237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/pdf/sim3335_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamplet"},{"id":306236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/"},{"id":306239,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/downloads/sim3335_GIS.zip","text":"Map GIS","size":"14.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Map GIS","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":306240,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/downloads/sim3335_table_1.xls","text":"Table 1","size":"47 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 1","linkHelpText":"Geochronologic data for the Geologic Map of Baranof Island, Southeastern Alaska"},{"id":306241,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/downloads/sim3555_table_4.xls","text":"Table 4","size":"28 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 4","linkHelpText":"Geochemical data for the Geologic Map of Baranof Island, Southestern Alaska"},{"id":306238,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/pdf/sim3335_map.pdf","text":"Map Sheet","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map Sheet"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Baranof Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -134.6484375,\n              56.16696465022672\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.6209716796875,\n              56.610908593846574\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.659423828125,\n              56.80087831233043\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.7967529296875,\n              57.192831746793885\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.8516845703125,\n              57.28794964521751\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.7857666015625,\n              57.33245172397403\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.835205078125,\n              57.4242521087973\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.9395751953125,\n              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-134.989013671875,\n              56.4199784113855\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.93408203125,\n              56.35916436114856\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.8736572265625,\n              56.273861446045736\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.8187255859375,\n              56.22808503989868\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.6484375,\n              56.16696465022672\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572dc042e4b0dae0d5d8f16d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Himmelberg, Glen R.","contributorId":57921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zumsteg, Cathy L.","contributorId":141226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zumsteg","given":"Cathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13719,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Layer, Paul W.","contributorId":59483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Friedman, Richard M.","contributorId":141227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friedman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13720,"text":"Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roeske, Sarah M.","contributorId":141228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roeske","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13721,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Califorina Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70148489,"text":"sir20155078 - 2015 - Hydrogeology of the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system in the Endicott-Vestal area of southwestern Broome County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-07T15:52:11","indexId":"sir20155078","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5078","title":"Hydrogeology of the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system in the Endicott-Vestal area of southwestern Broome County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The village of Endicott, New York, and the adjacent town of Vestal have historically used groundwater from the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system for municipal water supply, but parts of some aquifers in this urban area suffer from legacy contamination from varied sources. Endicott would like to identify sites distant from known contamination where productive aquifers could supply municipal wells with water that would not require intensive treatment. The distribution or geometry of aquifers within the Susquehanna River valley fill in western Endicott and northwestern Vestal are delineated in this report largely on the basis of abundant borehole data that have been compiled in a table of well records.</p>\n<p>Early in deglaciation, meltwater deposited sand and gravel in channels within or beneath the decaying ice and as narrow terraces along the valley walls. These ice-contact deposits vary widely over short distances from clean (free of silt) and highly permeable to clogged with silt and poorly permeable, but collectively constitute the principal aquifers in Endicott and Vestal. Some ice-contact deposits form a buried ridge, deposited in a meltwater channel within the ice sheet, that approximately underlies the Susquehanna River and (or) its north bank from Endwell westward to Nanticoke Creek and has been tapped by several municipal and industrial wells. Similar but thinner ice-contact deposits discontinuously underlie the valley floor to the south in Vestal, and a smaller buried ridge of ice-contact deposits is likely beneath or west of Nanticoke Creek south of West Corners.</p>\n<p>As deglaciation continued, a large lake developed; thick deposits of gray silt with red clay layers are continuous north of the Susquehanna River from Endwell to West Endicott, and similar deposits are present discontinuously elsewhere. Late in deglaciation, meltwater deposited highly permeable pebbly sand atop the valley fill, generally atop lacustrine silt. The saturated thickness of this surficial sand is seldom great enough to support large-capacity wells, but where it directly overlies ice-contact deposits it facilitates recharge from precipitation and infiltration of river water to the deeper aquifers.</p>\n<p>Three localities in Endicott were identified where thick ice-contact deposits capable of supporting municipal supply wells are documented by test wells or extrapolated to be present from nearby data and depositional history. Chemical analyses of water samples disclosed no contaminants in these localities when sampled, but the presence of contaminants or natural high iron a few thousand feet away from each locality is documented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Village of Endicott, New York","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., and Kappel, W.M., 2015, Hydrogeology of the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system in the Endicott-Vestal area of southwestern Broome County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5078, 28 p. plus appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155078.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; 5 Figures: 18.14 inches x 8 inches or smaller; 3 Appendices","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061721","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305920,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_fig02.pdf","text":"Figure 2 - Location of sampling and monitoring sites (42\"x32\")","size":"3.30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Location of sampling and monitoring sites"},{"id":305921,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_fig06A.pdf","text":"Figure 6A - Geologic section A–A′  (9.5\"x6.5\")","size":"512 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Geologic section A–A′"},{"id":305919,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/sir20155078.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5078"},{"id":305918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305926,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1 - Record of wells and test holes (for viewing as a broad spreadsheet)","size":"77 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Record of wells and test holes"},{"id":305922,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_fig06B.pdf","text":"Figure 6B - Geologic section B–B′ (14\"x8\")","size":"511 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Geologic section B–B′"},{"id":305923,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_fig06C.pdf","text":"Figure 6C - Geologic section C–C′ (16.9\"x7.58\")","size":"217 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Geologic section C–C′"},{"id":305924,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_fig06D.pdf","text":"Figure 6D - Geologic section D–D′  (18.14\"x7.5\")","size":"257 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Geologic section D–D′"},{"id":305925,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1  - For printing as 8 1/2 x 11 pages","size":"91 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Record of wells and test holes"},{"id":305927,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_appendix2.kmz","text":"Appendix 2 - Records of wells and test holes (for viewing as a Google Earth map with well sites, and with tabulated well records available)","size":"47 KB kmz","description":"Map of wells and test holes"},{"id":305928,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4 -  For Printing as 8 1/2 x 11 pages","size":"98 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Physical and chemical properties of water samples"},{"id":305929,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_appendix4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4 - Physical and chemical properties of water samples -  for viewing as a broad spreadsheet","size":"22 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Physical and chemical properties of water samples"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Broome County","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.11122131347656,\n              42.068410320563785\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.11122131347656,\n              42.10892077045022\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.04942321777342,\n              42.10892077045022\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.04942321777342,\n              42.068410320563785\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.11122131347656,\n              42.068410320563785\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>U.S. Geological Survey<br /> 30 Brown Road<br /> Ithaca, NY 14850<br /> Information requests:<br /> (518) 285-5602<br /> or visit our Web site at:<br /> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Data Collection</li>\n<li>Hydrogeologic Setting</li>\n<li>Aquifer Geometry in the Susquehanna River Valley-Fill Aquifer System</li>\n<li>Sources of Recharge</li>\n<li>Groundwater Levels</li>\n<li>Water Quality</li>\n<li>Prospects for Municipal Wells in Western Endicott</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix 1. Tabulated Records of Wells and Test Holes in the Susquehanna River Valley-Fill Aquifer System, Southwestern Broome County, New York</li>\n<li>Appendix 2. Map of Records of Wells and Test Holes in the Susquehanna River Valley-Fill Aquifer System, Southwestern Broome County, New York</li>\n<li>Appendix 3. Detailed Logs by U.S. Geological Survey Personnel of Sediments Penetrated by Test Holes in the Susquehanna River Valley Fill, Southwestern Broome County, New York</li>\n<li>Appendix 4. Physical and Chemical Properties of Water Samples from the Susquehanna River Valley-Fill Aquifer System, and from the Susquehanna River Near Endicott, New York</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-07-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee1e4b0bc0bec09ed78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155085,"text":"70155085 - 2015 - Interanal seam loss in Asian turtles of the <i>Cuora flavomarginata</i> complex (Testudines, Geoemydidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-29T11:02:22","indexId":"70155085","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1893,"text":"Herpetological Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interanal seam loss in Asian turtles of the <i>Cuora flavomarginata</i> complex (Testudines, Geoemydidae)","docAbstract":"<p>The taxonomy of Asian box turtles of the genus Cuora is complicated by the description of numerous valid and invalid taxa over the last several decades. However, some characteristics used to differentiate species are questionable. Members of the C. flavomarginata complex are defined by some, but not all, taxonomists as having reduced interanal seam lengths relative to other species. We examined the ratio of interanal scute seam length divided by midline anal scute length in C. flavomarginata and C. evelynae. Hatchlings show a seam that divides 100% of the anal scute along the midline. As individuals increase in carapace length, there is a tendency for the percentage to decrease, especially in females, although there is considerable overlap. We suggest that the decrease in interanal seam length is due to abrasion of the plastron on the substrate as turtles grow larger and older. Differences in habitat substrates across the range of the species may contribute to the wide variation we observed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The British Herpetological Society","usgsCitation":"Ernst, C.H., and Lovich, J.E., 2015, Interanal seam loss in Asian turtles of the <i>Cuora flavomarginata</i> complex (Testudines, Geoemydidae): Herpetological Bulletin, no. 132, p. 1-4.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063705","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305712,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.thebhs.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=68&Itemid=35"}],"issue":"132","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b9eb1fe4b05b91f6398b3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ernst, Carl H.","contributorId":22277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155079,"text":"70155079 - 2015 - Effects of increased discharge on spawning and age-0 recruitment of rainbow trout in the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T11:57:44","indexId":"70155079","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of increased discharge on spawning and age-0 recruitment of rainbow trout in the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>Negative interactions of Rainbow Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;with endangered Humpback Chub&nbsp;</span><i>Gila cypha</i><span>&nbsp;pose challenges to the operation of Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) to manage for both species in the Colorado River. Operations to enhance the Rainbow Trout tailwater fishery may lead to an increase in downstream movement of the trout to areas where they are likely to interact with Humpback Chub. We evaluated the effects of dam operations on age-0 Rainbow Trout in the tailwater fishery to inform managers about how GCD operations could benefit a tailwater fishery for Rainbow Trout; although this could affect a Humpback Chub population farther downstream. A near year-long increase in discharge at GCD in 2011 enabled us to evaluate whether high and stable flows led to increased spawning and production of age-0 Rainbow Trout compared with other years. Rainbow Trout spawning was monitored by fitting a model to observed redd counts to estimate the number of redds created over a spawning season. Data collected during electrofishing trips in July&ndash;September and November were used to acquire age-0 trout population and mortality rate estimates. We found that high and stable flows in 2011 resulted in 3,062 redds (1.7&nbsp;times the mean of all survey years) and a population estimate of 686,000 age-0 Rainbow Trout (second highest on record). Despite high initial abundance, mortality remained low through the year (0.0043%/d) resulting in significant recruitment with a record high November population estimate of 214,000 age-0 Rainbow Trout. Recent monitoring indicates this recruitment event was followed by an increase in downstream migration, which may lead to increased interactions with downstream populations of Humpback Chub. Consequently, while our results indicate that manipulating flow at GCD can be used to manage Rainbow Trout spawning and recruitment, fisheries managers should use flow manipulation in moderation to minimize downstream migration in order to reduce negative interactions with other species in the Colorado River.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1040560","usgsCitation":"Avery, L.A., Korman, J., and Persons, W.R., 2015, Effects of increased discharge on spawning and age-0 recruitment of rainbow trout in the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 4, p. 671-680, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1040560.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"680","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057903","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Lees Ferry","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.61680221557617,\n              36.84597184882088\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.61680221557617,\n              36.87357865470466\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.56049728393555,\n              36.87357865470466\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.56049728393555,\n              36.84597184882088\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.61680221557617,\n              36.84597184882088\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b9eb1ee4b05b91f6398b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Avery, Luke A. lavery@usgs.gov","contributorId":4340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avery","given":"Luke","email":"lavery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Korman, Josh","contributorId":29922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korman","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Persons, William R. wpersons@usgs.gov","contributorId":4028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persons","given":"William","email":"wpersons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70144397,"text":"70144397 - 2015 - Evaluating the importance of characterizing soil structure and horizons in parameterizing a hydrologic process model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T08:55:36","indexId":"70144397","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the importance of characterizing soil structure and horizons in parameterizing a hydrologic process model","docAbstract":"<p>Incorporating the influence of soil structure and horizons into parameterizations of distributed surface water/groundwater models remains a challenge. Often, only a single soil unit is employed, and soil-hydraulic properties are assigned based on textural classification, without evaluating the potential impact of these simplifications. This study uses a distributed physics-based model to assess the influence of soil horizons and structure on effective parameterization. This paper tests the viability of two established and widely used hydrogeologic methods for simulating runoff and variably saturated flow through layered soils: (1) accounting for vertical heterogeneity by combining hydrostratigraphic units with contrasting hydraulic properties into homogeneous, anisotropic units and (2) use of established pedotransfer functions based on soil texture alone to estimate water retention and conductivity, without accounting for the influence of pedon structures and hysteresis. The viability of this latter method for capturing the seasonal transition from runoff-dominated to evapotranspiration-dominated regimes is also tested here. For cases tested here, event-based simulations using simplified vertical heterogeneity did not capture the state-dependent anisotropy and complex combinations of runoff generation mechanisms resulting from permeability contrasts in layered hillslopes with complex topography. Continuous simulations using pedotransfer functions that do not account for the influence of soil structure and hysteresis generally over-predicted runoff, leading to propagation of substantial water balance errors. Analysis suggests that identifying a dominant hydropedological unit provides the most acceptable simplification of subsurface layering and that modified pedotransfer functions with steeper soil-water retention curves might adequately capture the influence of soil structure and hysteresis on hydrologic response in headwater catchments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Chichester, Sussex","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10592","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., 2015, Evaluating the importance of characterizing soil structure and horizons in parameterizing a hydrologic process model: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, p. 4611-4623, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10592.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4611","endPage":"4623","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064649","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a75553e4b0b28f1184d829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70155132,"text":"70155132 - 2015 - Evaluation of habitat suitability index models by global sensitivity and uncertainty analyses: a case study for submerged aquatic vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-29T15:48:16","indexId":"70155132","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T04:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of habitat suitability index models by global sensitivity and uncertainty analyses: a case study for submerged aquatic vegetation","docAbstract":"<p>Habitat suitability index (HSI) models are commonly used to predict habitat quality and species distributions and are used to develop biological surveys, assess reserve and management priorities, and anticipate possible change under different management or climate change scenarios. Important management decisions may be based on model results, often without a clear understanding of the level of uncertainty associated with model outputs. We present an integrated methodology to assess the propagation of uncertainty from both inputs and structure of the HSI models on model outputs (uncertainty analysis: UA) and relative importance of uncertain model inputs and their interactions on the model output uncertainty (global sensitivity analysis: GSA). We illustrate the GSA/UA framework using simulated hydrology input data from a hydrodynamic model representing sea level changes and HSI models for two species of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in southwest Everglades National Park: Vallisneria americana (tape grass) and Halodule wrightii (shoal grass). We found considerable spatial variation in uncertainty for both species, but distributions of HSI scores still allowed discrimination of sites with good versus poor conditions. Ranking of input parameter sensitivities also varied spatially for both species, with high habitat quality sites showing higher sensitivity to different parameters than low-quality sites. HSI models may be especially useful when species distribution data are unavailable, providing means of exploiting widely available environmental datasets to model past, current, and future habitat conditions. The GSA/UA approach provides a general method for better understanding HSI model dynamics, the spatial and temporal variation in uncertainties, and the parameters that contribute most to model uncertainty. Including an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in modeling efforts as part of the decision-making framework will result in better-informed, more robust decisions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1520","usgsCitation":"Zajac, Z., Stith, B., Bowling, A.C., Langtimm, C.A., and Swain, E.D., 2015, Evaluation of habitat suitability index models by global sensitivity and uncertainty analyses: a case study for submerged aquatic vegetation: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 13, p. 2503-2517, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1520.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2503","endPage":"2517","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053424","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1520","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.36474609375,\n              25.090573819461\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.36474609375,\n              25.84439325019514\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              25.84439325019514\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              25.090573819461\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.36474609375,\n              25.090573819461\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b9eb1ee4b05b91f6398b37","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ece3.1520","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1520","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Zajac Zuzanna, Stith Bradley, Bowling Andrea C., Langtimm Catherine A., Swain Eric D.","journalName":"Ecology and Evolution","publicationDate":"6/1/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zajac, Zuzanna","contributorId":145637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zajac","given":"Zuzanna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16181,"text":"University of Florida, Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stith, Bradley bstith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"Bradley","email":"bstith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowling, Andrea C.","contributorId":43615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowling","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70155128,"text":"70155128 - 2015 - Effects of high salinity wastewater discharges on unionid mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:33:31","indexId":"70155128","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T04:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of high salinity wastewater discharges on unionid mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>We examined the effect of high salinity wastewater (brine) from oil and natural gas drilling on freshwater mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania, during 2012. Mussel cages (N = 5 per site) were deployed at two sites upstream and four sites downstream of a brine treatment facility on the Allegheny River. Each cage contained 20 juvenile northern riffleshell mussels Epioblasma torulosa rangiana). Continuous specific conductance and temperature data were recorded by water quality probes deployed at each site. To measure the amount of mixing throughout the entire study area, specific conductance surveys were completed two times during low-flow conditions along transects from bank to bank that targeted upstream (reference) reaches, a municipal wastewater treatment plant discharge upstream of the brine-facility discharge, the brine facility, and downstream reaches. Specific conductance data indicated that high specific conductance water from the brine facility (4,000&ndash;12,000 &micro;S/cm; mean 7,846) compared to the reference reach (103&ndash;188 &micro;S/cm; mean 151) is carried along the left descending bank of the river and that dilution of the discharge via mixing does not occur until 0.5 mi (805 m) downstream. Juvenile northern riffleshell mussel survival was severely impaired within the high specific conductance zone (2 and 34% at and downstream of the brine facility, respectively) and at the municipal wastewater treatment plant (21%) compared to background (84%). We surveyed native mussels (family Unionidae) at 10 transects: 3 upstream, 3 within, and 4 downstream of the high specific conductance zone. Unionid mussel abundance and diversity were lower for all transects within and downstream of the high conductivity zone compared to upstream. The results of this study clearly demonstrate in situ toxicity to juvenile northern riffleshell mussels, a federally endangered species, and to the native unionid mussel assemblage located downstream of a brine discharge to the Allegheny River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/052013-JFWM-033","usgsCitation":"Patnode, K.A., Hittle, E.A., Anderson, R., Zimmerman, L., and Fulton, J.W., 2015, Effects of high salinity wastewater discharges on unionid mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 6, no. 1, p. 55-70, https://doi.org/10.3996/052013-JFWM-033.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2015-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-044948","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/052013-jfwm-033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Allegheny River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.18859481811523,\n              41.82806639426742\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.18859481811523,\n              41.84641933183364\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1421604156494,\n              41.84641933183364\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1421604156494,\n              41.82806639426742\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.18859481811523,\n              41.82806639426742\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b9eb1de4b05b91f6398b33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patnode, Kathleen A.","contributorId":127355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patnode","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hittle, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-1771-7724 ehittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-7724","contributorId":2038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ehittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Robert","contributorId":72037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, Lora","contributorId":145633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Lora","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16180,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service, Pennsylvania Field Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fulton, John W. 0000-0002-5335-0720 jwfulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":2298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","email":"jwfulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70150332,"text":"fs20153044 - 2015 - Source, use and disposition of freshwater in Puerto Rico, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T08:58:23","indexId":"fs20153044","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T03:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3044","title":"Source, use and disposition of freshwater in Puerto Rico, 2010","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1>\n<p>Water diverted from streams and pumped from wells constitutes the main source of water for the 78 municipios of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. A better understanding of water-use patterns is needed, particularly regarding the amount of water used, where and how this water is used and disposed, and how human activities affect water resources. Agricultural practices, indoor and outdoor household uses, industrial uses, and commercial and mining withdrawals affect reservoirs, streams, and aquifers. Accurate and accessible water information for Puerto Rico is critical to ensure that water managers have the ability to protect and conserve this essential natural resource.</p>\n<p>From 2000 to 2010, the population of Puerto Rico decreased 2.6 percent, from 3.8 to 3.7 million residents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011), and this decrease in population reduced the demand for freshwater. Factors that contributed to a reduction in domestic per capita water use in Puerto Rico include water-rate cost increases, the implementation of low-flow fixture, and domestic conservation programs. Almost 99 percent of the residents in Puerto Rico were served by public-supply water systems in 2010. Public-supply water is provided by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA) and by non-PRASA systems. Non-PRASA systems include community-operated water systems (water systems that serve rural or suburban housing areas).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153044","usgsCitation":"Molina-Rivera, W.L., 2015, Source, Use, and disposition of freshwater in Puerto Rico, 2010, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3044, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153044.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057522","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305907,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3044/fs20153044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.23 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,{"id":70155118,"text":"70155118 - 2015 - Influence of a chlor-alkali superfund site on mercury bioaccumulation in periphyton and low-trophic level fauna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:42:28","indexId":"70155118","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of a chlor-alkali superfund site on mercury bioaccumulation in periphyton and low-trophic level fauna","docAbstract":"<p><span>In Berlin, New Hampshire, USA, the Androscoggin River flows adjacent to a former chlor-alkali facility that is a US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site and source of mercury (Hg) to the river. The present study was conducted to determine the fate and bioaccumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) to lower trophic-level taxa in the river. Surface sediment directly adjacent to the source showed significantly elevated MeHg (10&ndash;40&times; increase, mean&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;standard deviation [SD]: 20.1&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;24.8 ng g</span><sup>&ndash;1</sup><span>&nbsp;dry wt) and total mercury (THg; 10&ndash;30&times; increase, mean&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;SD: 2045&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;2669 ng g</span><sup>&ndash;1</sup><span>&nbsp;dry wt) compared with all other reaches, with sediment THg and MeHg from downstream reaches elevated (3&ndash;7&times; on average) relative to the reference (THg mean&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;SD: 33.5&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;9.33 ng g</span><sup>&ndash;1</sup><span>&nbsp;dry wt; MeHg mean&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;SD: 0.52&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.21&thinsp;ng g</span><sup>&ndash;1</sup><span>&nbsp;dry wt). Water column THg concentrations adjacent to the point source for both particulate (0.23&thinsp;ng L</span><sup>&ndash;1</sup><span>) and dissolved (0.76&thinsp;ng L</span><sup>&ndash;1</sup><span>) fractions were 5-fold higher than at the reference sites, and 2-fold to 5-fold higher than downstream. Methylmercury production potential of periphyton material was highest (2&ndash;9&thinsp;ng g</span><sup>&ndash;1</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>&ndash;1</sup><span>&nbsp;dry wt) adjacent to the Superfund site; other reaches were close to or below reporting limits (0. 1&thinsp;ng g</span><sup>&ndash;1</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>&ndash;1</sup><span>&nbsp;dry wt). Total Hg and MeHg bioaccumulation in fauna was variable across sites and taxa, with no clear spatial patterns downstream of the contamination source. Crayfish, mayflies, and shiners showed a weak positive relationship with porewater MeHg concentration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2964","usgsCitation":"Buckman, K., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Taylor, V.F., Chalmers, A.T., Broadley, H.J., Agee, J.L., Jackson, B.P., and Chen, C.Y., 2015, Influence of a chlor-alkali superfund site on mercury bioaccumulation in periphyton and low-trophic level fauna: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1649-1658, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2964.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1649","endPage":"1658","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062266","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4486627","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Androscoggin River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.23741149902344,\n              44.38325649413712\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.23741149902344,\n              44.62615246716885\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.0760498046875,\n              44.62615246716885\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.0760498046875,\n              44.38325649413712\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.23741149902344,\n              44.38325649413712\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b98fbbe4b08f6647be516f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckman, Kate L.","contributorId":145628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buckman","given":"Kate L.","affiliations":[{"id":16179,"text":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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