{"pageNumber":"1172","pageRowStart":"29275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40893,"records":[{"id":70023717,"text":"70023717 - 2001 - Chlorine-36, bromide, and the origin of spring water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023717","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorine-36, bromide, and the origin of spring water","docAbstract":"Natural ratios of chlorine-36 (36Cl) to stable chlorine (i.e., 36Cl/Cl ?? 10-15) vary in shallow groundwater of the United States from about 50 in coastal areas to about 1400 in the northern Rocky Mountains. Ratios lower than these indicate the presence of chloride (Cl-) that has been isolated from the atmosphere for hundreds of thousands of years, if not longer. Higher ratios, which can exceed 5000, usually originate from fallout from testing thermonuclear devices in the western Pacific in the 1950s. Natural mass ratios of chloride to bromide (Cl-/Br-) in precipitation vary in the United States from about 250 in coastal areas to about 50 in the north-central states. Lower ratios may suggest contamination from human sources. Higher ratios, which may exceed 2000, commonly reflect the dissolution of halite. Seawater has a Cl-/Br- ratio of 290. Both 36Cl and Cl-/Br- ratios have been measured in 21 samples of spring water collected from springs in 10 different states. Brackish water from Saratoga Springs area in New York has low values for both 36Cl and Cl-/Br- ratios. This indicates that a large component of the water has a very deep origin. Brackish water from Alexander Springs in Florida has a low 36Cl ratio but a high Cl-/Br- ratio similar to seawater. This suggests the addition of ancient seawater that may be trapped in the aquifer. Big Spring in Iowa discharges water with a very high Cl-/Br- ratio but a moderate 36Cl ratio. The high ratio of Cl-/Br- may be produced by dissolution of road salt or agricultural chemicals. Of the 21 springs sampled, only 10 appeared to have potable water not significantly affected by human activity. Chlorine-36 from testing of nuclear devices is still being flushed out of four of the spring systems that were sampled. Thus, more than 45 years have passed since 36Cl was introduced into the aquifers feeding the springs and the systems, as yet, have not been purged. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00312-6","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Davis, S., Cecil, L., Zreda, M., and Moysey, S., 2001, Chlorine-36, bromide, and the origin of spring water: Chemical Geology, v. 179, no. 1-4, p. 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00312-6.","startPage":"3","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207308,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00312-6"},{"id":232148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"179","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5cfe4b0c8380cd4c42d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, S.N.","contributorId":51918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, L.D.","contributorId":62616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zreda, M.","contributorId":72557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zreda","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moysey, S.","contributorId":100153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moysey","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023499,"text":"70023499 - 2001 - Distribution of fine-scale mantle heterogeneity from observations of Pdiff coda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023499","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of fine-scale mantle heterogeneity from observations of Pdiff coda","docAbstract":"We present stacked record sections of Global Seismic Network data that image the average amplitude and polarization of the high-frequency Pdiff coda and investigate their implications on the depth extent of fine-scale (~10 km) mantle heterogeneity. The extended 1-Hz coda lasts for at least 150 sec and is observed to a distance of 130??. The coda's polarization angle is about the same as the main Pdiff arrival (4.4 sec/deg) and is nearly constant with time. Previous studies show that multiple scattering from heterogeneity restricted to the lowermost mantle generates an extended Pdiff coda with a constant polarization. Here we present an alternative model that satisfies our Pdiff observations. The model consists of single scattering from weak (~1%) fine-scale (~2 km) structures distributed throughout the mantle. Although this model is nonunique, it demonstrates that Pdiff coda observations do not preclude the existence of scattering contributions from the entire mantle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000285","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Earle, P., and Shearer, P., 2001, Distribution of fine-scale mantle heterogeneity from observations of Pdiff coda: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 6, p. 1875-1881, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000285.","startPage":"1875","endPage":"1881","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207496,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000285"}],"volume":"91","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02cfe4b0c8380cd501f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earle, P.S.","contributorId":17011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shearer, P.M.","contributorId":80456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023762,"text":"70023762 - 2001 - Statistical self-similarity of hotspot seamount volumes modeled as self-similar criticality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023762","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical self-similarity of hotspot seamount volumes modeled as self-similar criticality","docAbstract":"The processes responsible for hotspot seamount formation are complex, yet the cumulative frequency-volume distribution of hotspot seamounts in the Easter Island/Salas y Gomez Chain (ESC) is found to be well-described by an upper-truncated power law. We develop a model for hotspot seamount formation where uniform energy input produces events initiated on a self-similar distribution of critical cells. We call this model Self-Similar Criticality (SSC). By allowing the spatial distribution of magma migration to be self-similar, the SSC model recreates the observed ESC seamount volume distribution. The SSC model may have broad applicability to other natural systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL012748","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Tebbens, S., Burroughs, S., Barton, C., and Naar, D., 2001, Statistical self-similarity of hotspot seamount volumes modeled as self-similar criticality: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 14, p. 2711-2714, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012748.","startPage":"2711","endPage":"2714","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479000,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012748","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207369,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012748"},{"id":232267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9743e4b08c986b31b9aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tebbens, S.F.","contributorId":51803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tebbens","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burroughs, S.M.","contributorId":105475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burroughs","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barton, C.C.","contributorId":93063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naar, D. F.","contributorId":80434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naar","given":"D. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008177,"text":"1008177 - 2001 - Disturbance to wintering western snowy plovers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T10:50:51","indexId":"1008177","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance to wintering western snowy plovers","docAbstract":"In order to better understand the nature of disturbances to wintering snowy plovers, I observed snowy plovers and activities that might disturb them at a beach near Devereux Slough in Santa Barbara, California, USA. Disturbance (activity that caused plovers to move or fly) to wintering populations of threatened western snowy plovers was 16 times higher at a public beach than at protected beaches. Wintering plovers reacted to disturbance at half the distance (∼40 m) as has been reported for breeding snowy plovers (∼80 m). Humans, dogs, crows and other birds were the main sources of disturbance on the public beach, and each snowy plover was disturbed, on average, once every 27 weekend min and once every 43 weekday min. Dogs off leash were a disproportionate source of disturbance. Plovers were more likely to fly from dogs, horses and crows than from humans and other shorebirds. Plovers were less abundant near trail heads. Over short time scales, plovers did not acclimate to or successfully find refuge from disturbance. Feeding rates declined with increased human activity. I used data from these observations to parameterize a model that predicted rates of disturbance given various management actions. The model found that prohibiting dogs and a 30 m buffer zone surrounding a 400 m stretch of beach provided the most protection for plovers for the least amount of impact to beach recreation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00075-1","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., 2001, Disturbance to wintering western snowy plovers: Biological Conservation, v. 101, no. 3, p. 315-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00075-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d92f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022794,"text":"70022794 - 2001 - Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70022794","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research","docAbstract":"Remarkable advances in age dating Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits provide a new opportunity to understand how and where these deposits form in the Earth's crust. These dates are summarized and examined in a framework of global tectonics, paleogeography, fluid migration, and paleoclimate. Nineteen districts have been dated by paleomagnetic and/or radiometric methods. Of the districts that have both paleomagnetic and radiometric dates, only the Pine Point and East Tennessee districts have significant disagreements. This broad agreement between paleomagnetic and radiometric dates provides added confidence in the dating techniques used. The new dates confirm the direct connection between the genesis of MVT lead-zinc ores with global-scale tectonic events. The dates show that MVT deposits formed mainly during large contractional tectonic events at restricted times in the history of the Earth. Only the deposits in the Lennard Shelf of Australia and Nanisivik in Canada have dates that correspond to extensional tectonic events. The most important period for MVT genesis was the Devonian to Permian time, which corresponds to a series of intense tectonic events during the assimilation of Pangea. The second most important period for MVT genesis was Cretaceous to Tertiary time when microplate assimilation affected the western margin of North America and Africa-Eurasia. There is a notable paucity of MVT lead-zinc ore formation following the breakup of Rodinia and Pangea. Of the five MVT deposits hosted in Proterozoic rocks, only the Nanisivik deposit has been dated as Proterozoic. The contrast in abundance between SEDEX and MVT lead-zinc deposits in the Proterozoic questions the frequently suggested notion that the two types of ores share similar genetic paths. The ages of MVT deposits, when viewed with respect to the orogenic cycle in the adjacent orogen suggest that no single hydrologic model can be universally applied to the migration of the ore fluids. However, topographically driven models best explain most MVT districts. The migration of MVT ore fluids is not a natural consequence of basin evolution; rather, MVT districts formed mainly where platform carbonates had some hydrological connection to orogenic belts. There may be a connection between paleoclimate and the formation of some MVT deposits. This possible relationship is suggested by the dominance of evaporated seawater in fluid inclusions in MVT ores, by hydrological considerations that include the need for multiple-basin volumes of ore fluid to form most MVT districts, and the need for adequate precipitation to provide sufficient topographic head for topographically-driven fluid migration. Paleoclimatic conditions that lead to formation of evaporite conditions but yet have adequate precipitation to form large hydrological systems are most commonly present in low latitudes. For the MVT deposits and districts that have been dated, more than 75% of the combined metal produced are from deposits that have dates that correspond to assembly of Pangea in Devonian through Permian time. The exceptional endowment of Pangea and especially, North America with MVT lead-zinc deposits may be explained by the following: (1) Laurentia, which formed the core of North America, stayed in low latitudes during the Paleozoic, which allowed the development of vast carbonate platforms; (2) intense orogenic activity during the assembly of Pangea created ground preparation for many MVT districts through far-field deformation of the craton; (3) uplifted orogenic belts along Pangean suture zones established large-scale migration of basin fluids; and (4) the location of Pangea in low latitudes with paleoclimates with high evaporation rates led to the formation of brines by the evaporation of seawater and infiltration of these brines into deep basin aquifers during Pangean orogenic events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s001260100208","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Leach, D.L., Bradley, D., Lewchuk, M.T., Symons, D.T., De Marsily, G., and Brannon, J., 2001, Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research: Mineralium Deposita, v. 36, no. 8, p. 711-740, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001260100208.","startPage":"711","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208061,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260100208"},{"id":233456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b5ae4b0c8380cd6f4ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, D.","contributorId":20087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewchuk, Michael T.","contributorId":74890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewchuk","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Symons, David T. A.","contributorId":26824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De Marsily, G.","contributorId":8262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Marsily","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brannon, J.","contributorId":33890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannon","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022986,"text":"70022986 - 2001 - Predictions of hydrothermal alteration within near-ridge oceanic crust from coordinated geochemical and fluid flow models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:38:21","indexId":"70022986","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictions of hydrothermal alteration within near-ridge oceanic crust from coordinated geochemical and fluid flow models","docAbstract":"Coordinated geochemical and hydrological calculations guide our understanding of the composition, fluid flow patterns, and thermal structure of near-ridge oceanic crust. The case study presented here illustrates geochemical and thermal changes taking place as oceanic crust ages from 0.2 to 1.0 Myr. Using a finite element code, we model fluid flow and heat transport through the upper few hundred meters of an abyssal hill created at an intermediate spreading rate. We use a reaction path model with a customized database to calculate equilibrium fluid compositions and mineral assemblages of basalt and seawater at 500 bars and temperatures ranging from 150 to 400??C. In one scenario, reaction path calculations suggest that volume increases on the order of 10% may occur within portions of the basaltic basement. If this change in volume occurred, it would be sufficient to fill all primary porosity in some locations, effectively sealing off portions of the oceanic crust. Thermal profiles resulting from fluid flow simulations indicate that volume changes along this possible reaction path occur primarily within the first 0.4 Myr of crustal aging. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00215-3","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Wetzel, L., Raffensperger, J.P., and Shock, E., 2001, Predictions of hydrothermal alteration within near-ridge oceanic crust from coordinated geochemical and fluid flow models: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 110, no. 3-4, p. 319-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00215-3.","startPage":"319","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208103,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00215-3"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81fae4b0c8380cd7b830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetzel, L.R.","contributorId":9525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shock, E.L.","contributorId":54071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shock","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023413,"text":"70023413 - 2001 - Regression models for estimating herbicide concentrations in U.S. streams from watershed characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T14:59:29.873017","indexId":"70023413","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression models for estimating herbicide concentrations in U.S. streams from watershed characteristics","docAbstract":"Regression models were developed for estimating stream concentrations of the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, and trifluralin from use-intensity data and watershed characteristics. Concentrations were determined from samples collected from 45 streams throughout the United States during 1993 to 1995 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA). Separate regression models were developed for each of six percentiles (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th) of the annual distribution of stream concentrations and for the annual time-weighted mean concentration. Estimates for the individual percentiles can be combined to provide an estimate of the annual distribution of concentrations for a given stream. Agricultural use of the herbicide in the watershed was a significant predictor in nearly all of the models. Several hydrologic and soil parameters also were useful in explaining the variability in concentrations of herbicides among the streams. Most of the regression models developed for estimation of concentration percentiles and annual mean concentrations accounted for 50 percent to 90 percent of the variability among streams. Predicted concentrations were nearly always within an order of magnitude of the measured concentrations for the model-development streams, and predicted concentration distributions reasonably matched the actual distributions in most cases. Results from application of the models to streams not included in the model development data set are encouraging, but further validation of the regression approach described in this paper is needed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03644.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Larson, S., and Gilliom, R.J., 2001, Regression models for estimating herbicide concentrations in U.S. streams from watershed characteristics: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 5, p. 1349-1367, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03644.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1349","endPage":"1367","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5cfe4b0e8fec6cdc00a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016562,"text":"1016562 - 2001 - Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program on duck recruitment in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:17:51","indexId":"1016562","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program on duck recruitment in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) resulted in the conversion of about 1.9 million ha of cropland to perennial grass cover in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, South Dakota, and northeastern Montana by 1992. Many wildlife managers believed this cover would provide benefits to wildlife, including upland nesting ducks. During 1992-1995, we evaluated success of 5 duck species nesting in CRP fields and nearby Waterfowl Production Areas (WPA) throughout the region. We examined relationships between daily survival rates (DSR) of duck nests in CRP cover and landscape-level habitat and population parameters. We computed DSR of duck nests in other major cover types in our study area from data collected during 1980-1984 (pre-CRP) and 1990-1994 (CRP) periods. We then applied recruitment models to estimate duck production in our study area during peak CRP years (1992-1997) and compared these results with those that simulated the scenario in which cropland was in place of CRP cover (i.e., the CRP had not occurred). DSR were higher in all habitats combined during the CRP period compared to the pre-CRP period. Regressions of DSR in CRP cover on the percent of each study plot in perennial cover and geographic location were significant (P < 0.01) for 4 of 5 duck (Anas spp.) species. Estimated nest success and recruitment rates for the 5 species combined during 1992-1997 were 46% and 30% higher, respectively, with CRP cover on the landscape compared to a scenario where we simulated cropland in place of CRP. Our model estimated an additional 12.4 million recruits from our study area to the fall flight as a consequence of the CRP during 1992-1997. Our results document benefits to 5 duck species in the northern plains associated with a farm program that provided financial incentives to landowners for planting undisturbed grass cover as an alternative to annual crops.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803027","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.E., Shaffer, T.L., Renner, R.W., Newton, W.E., and Batt, B.D., 2001, Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program on duck recruitment in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 4, p. 765-780, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803027.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"780","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f8621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Ronald E.","contributorId":174572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renner, Randy W.","contributorId":174573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renner","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batt, Bruce D.J.","contributorId":113404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batt","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023071,"text":"70023071 - 2001 - Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023071","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), developed a computer program to provide a general framework needed to couple disparate environmental resource models and to manage the necessary data. The Object-User Interface (OUI) is a map-based interface for models and modeling data. It provides a common interface to run hydrologic models and acquire, browse, organize, and select spatial and temporal data. One application is to assist river managers in utilizing streamflow forecasts generated with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System running in the Modular Modeling System (MMS), a distributed-parameter watershed model, and the National Weather Service Extended Streamflow Prediction (ESP) methodology.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"69th Annual Meeting Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"16 April 2001 through 19 April 2001","conferenceLocation":"Sun Valley, ID","language":"English","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Jeton, A., 2001, Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface, in Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Sun Valley, ID, 16 April 2001 through 19 April 2001, p. 85-91.","startPage":"85","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9aeee4b08c986b31cbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeton, A.E.","contributorId":61841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001839,"text":"1001839 - 2001 - Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: effects of vegetation type, stochiasticity, and anthropogenic disturbance in two park units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:26:49","indexId":"1001839","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: effects of vegetation type, stochiasticity, and anthropogenic disturbance in two park units","docAbstract":"The ability of alien plant species to invade a region depends not only on attributes of the plant, but on characteristics of the habitat being invaded. Here, we examine characteristics that may influence the success of alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, in western North Dakota, USA. The park consists of two geographically separate units with similar vegetation types and management history, which allowed us to examine the effects of native vegetation type, anthropogenic disturbance, and the separate park units on the invasion of native plant communities by alien plant species common to counties surrounding both park units. If matters of chance related to availability of propagules and transient establishment opportunities determine the success of invasion, park unit and anthropogenic disturbance should better explain the variation in alien plant frequency. If invasibility is more strongly related to biotic or physical characteristics of the native plant communities, models of alien plant occurrence should include vegetation type as an explanatory variable. We examined >1300 transects across all vegetation types in both units of the park. Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) indicated that the fully parameterized model, including the interaction among vegetation type, disturbance, and park unit, best described the distribution of both total number of alien plants per transect and frequency of alien plants on transects where they occurred. Although all vegetation types were invaded by alien plants, mesic communities had both greater numbers and higher frequencies of alien plants than did drier communities. A strong element of stochasticity, reflected in differences in frequencies of individual species between the two park units, suggests that prediction of risk of invasion will always involve uncertainty. In addition, despite well-documented associations between anthropogenic disturbance and alien plant invasion, five of the six most abundant alien species at Theodore Roosevelt National Park had distributions unrelated to disturbance. We recommend that vegetation type be explicitly taken into account when designing monitoring plans for alien species in natural areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0128:APIIMG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., Anderson, P.J., and Newton, W.E., 2001, Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: effects of vegetation type, stochiasticity, and anthropogenic disturbance in two park units: Ecological Applications, v. 11, no. 1, p. 128-141, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0128:APIIMG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"141","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":87262,"text":"87262 - 2001 - Ecosystem structure and function modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:26:57","indexId":"87262","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ecosystem structure and function modeling","docAbstract":"An important component of ecological assessments is the ability to predict and display changes in ecosystem structure and function over a variety of spatial and temporal scales. These changes can occur over short (less than 1 year) or long time frames (over 100 years). Models may emphasize structural responses (changes in species composition, growth forms, canopy height, amount of old growth, etc.) or functional responses (cycling of carbon, nutrients, and water). Both are needed to display changes in ecosystem components for use in robust ecological assessments. Structure and function models vary in the ecosystem components included, algorithms employed, level of detail, and spatial and temporal scales incorporated. They range from models that track individual organisms to models of broad-scale landscape changes. This chapter describes models appropriate for ecological assessments. The models selected for inclusion can be implemented in a spatial framework and for the most part have been run in more than one system.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"A guidebook for integrated ecological assessments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4419-8620-7_19","usgsCitation":"Humphries, H., and Baron, J., 2001, Ecosystem structure and function modeling, chap. of A guidebook for integrated ecological assessments, p. 257-272, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8620-7_19.","productDescription":"p. 257-272","startPage":"257","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267798,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8620-7_19"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6259bd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jensen, Mark E.","contributorId":111962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504877,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bourgeron, P.","contributorId":112431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeron","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504878,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Humphries, H.C.","contributorId":57332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85408,"text":"85408 - 2001 - Validating and evaluating models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"85408","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Validating and evaluating models","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling in Natural Resource Management: Development, Interpretation, and Application","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 2001, Validating and evaluating models, chap. of Modeling in Natural Resource Management: Development, Interpretation, and Application, p. 105-119.","productDescription":"p. 105-119","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602d06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000967,"text":"1000967 - 2001 - A probabilistic model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and assessment of human health risks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T14:19:56","indexId":"1000967","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A probabilistic model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and assessment of human health risks","docAbstract":"Silver (Ag) is discharged in wastewater effluents and is also a component in a proposed secondary water disinfectant. A steady-state model was developed to simulate bioaccumulation in aquatic biota and assess ecological and human health risks. Trophic levels included phytoplankton, invertebrates, brown trout, and common carp. Uptake routes included water, food, or sediment. Based on an extensive review of the literature, distributions were derived for most inputs for use in Monte Carlo simulations. Three scenarios represented ranges of dilution and turbidity. Compared with the limited field data available, median estimates of Ag in carp (0.07-2.1 Iμg/g dry weight) were 0.5 to 9 times measured values, and all measurements were within the predicted interquartile range. Median Ag concentrations in biota were ranked invertebrates > phytoplankton > trout > carp. Biotic concentrations were highest for conditions of low dilution and low turbidity. Critical variables included Ag assimilation eficiency, specific feeding rate, and the phytoplankton bioconcentration factor. Bioaccumulation of Ag seems unlikely to result in txicity to aquatic biota and humans consuming fish. Although the highest predicted Ag concentrations in water (>200 ng/L) may pose chronic risks to early survival and development of salmonids and risks of argyria to subsistence fishers, these results occur under highly conservative conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620200226","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Warila, J., Batterman, S., and Passino-Reader, D.R., 2001, A probabilistic model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and assessment of human health risks: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 432-441, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200226.","productDescription":"p. 432-441","startPage":"432","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266635,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200226"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a990c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warila, James","contributorId":45270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warila","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batterman, Stuart","contributorId":100806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batterman","given":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182536,"text":"70182536 - 2001 - National digital elevation program (NDEP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T10:57:42","indexId":"70182536","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"National digital elevation program (NDEP)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Digital elevation model technologies and applications—the DEM users manual","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Osborn, K., List, J., Gesch, D., Crowe, J., Merrill, G., Constance, E., Mauck, J., Lund, C., Caruso, V., and Kosovich, J., 2001, National digital elevation program (NDEP), chap. of Digital elevation model technologies and applications—the DEM users manual, p. 83-120.","productDescription":"38 p. ","startPage":"83","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"1st","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15442e4b01ccd54fc5ed1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osborn, K.","contributorId":182442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborn","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, J.","contributorId":92029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gesch, D.B. 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":26886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crowe, J.","contributorId":182443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crowe","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merrill, G.","contributorId":182444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merrill","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Constance, E.","contributorId":182445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constance","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mauck, J.","contributorId":182446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mauck","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lund, C.","contributorId":182447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lund","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Caruso, V.","contributorId":182448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caruso","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kosovich, J.","contributorId":182449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kosovich","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70180943,"text":"70180943 - 2001 - Lichens from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T19:40:31","indexId":"70180943","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3547,"text":"The Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lichens from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"One hundred thirty-nine taxa of lichens including two lichen parasites are reported from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands in the Bering Sea. Caloplaca lithophila is new to Alaska. Wide-ranging arctic-alpine and boreal species dominate the lichens; a coastal element is moderately represented, while amphi-Beringian species form a minor element. In comparison with St. Paul Island, St. Matthew Island is richer in arctic-alpine species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Bryological and Lichenological Society","doi":"10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0047:LFSMAS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S., Talbot, S.L., Thomson, J.W., and Schofield, W., 2001, Lichens from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska: The Bryologist, v. 104, no. 1, p. 47-58, https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0047:LFSMAS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, St. Matthew island, St. Paul Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -173.04153442382812,\n 60.564703621052885\n ],\n [\n -172.99346923828122,\n 60.57684937039402\n ],\n [\n -172.95364379882812,\n 60.607193781777255\n ],\n [\n -172.90557861328125,\n 60.60651977124848\n ],\n [\n -172.92755126953125,\n 60.56267888575776\n ],\n [\n -172.86163330078125,\n 60.4951151199491\n ],\n [\n -172.81494140625,\n 60.47684872240962\n ],\n [\n -172.74765014648438,\n 60.44638185995603\n ],\n [\n -172.56637573242188,\n 60.39146942588731\n ],\n [\n -172.49496459960938,\n 60.38400502971434\n ],\n [\n -172.43728637695312,\n 60.38604094380978\n ],\n [\n -172.43865966796875,\n 60.39621860539766\n ],\n [\n -172.37548828125,\n 60.38739814916949\n ],\n [\n -172.37686157226562,\n 60.379254068536206\n ],\n [\n -172.25051879882812,\n 60.32354832693132\n ],\n [\n -172.2285461425781,\n 60.320148556887915\n ],\n [\n -172.210693359375,\n 60.315388284099505\n ],\n [\n -172.22991943359375,\n 60.304505054767894\n ],\n [\n -172.25601196289062,\n 60.29429873400916\n ],\n [\n -172.29034423828122,\n 60.292937650406586\n ],\n [\n -172.31781005859375,\n 60.3058656567224\n ],\n [\n -172.31369018554688,\n 60.31402807870999\n ],\n [\n -172.31781005859375,\n 60.32354832693132\n ],\n [\n -172.35626220703125,\n 60.32898722274035\n ],\n [\n -172.40982055664062,\n 60.33510489748489\n ],\n [\n -172.42630004882812,\n 60.33238607249709\n ],\n [\n -172.44003295898438,\n 60.33442521247195\n ],\n [\n -172.46200561523435,\n 60.33442521247195\n ],\n [\n -172.46612548828125,\n 60.33034680511404\n ],\n [\n -172.49359130859372,\n 60.33238607249709\n ],\n [\n -172.5086975097656,\n 60.33306579997822\n ],\n [\n -172.59796142578125,\n 60.31334795477253\n ],\n [\n -172.6226806640625,\n 60.32286840124156\n ],\n [\n -172.62405395507812,\n 60.329667021005825\n ],\n [\n -172.73529052734375,\n 60.35888495628982\n ],\n [\n -172.76687622070312,\n 60.3887552979679\n ],\n [\n -172.81356811523438,\n 60.40435844432388\n ],\n [\n -172.86163330078125,\n 60.4294434688422\n ],\n [\n -172.9083251953125,\n 60.44976847885747\n ],\n [\n -172.92892456054688,\n 60.468050120874615\n ],\n [\n -172.96463012695312,\n 60.4788788301667\n ],\n [\n -172.98934936523438,\n 60.4788788301667\n ],\n [\n -173.01132202148438,\n 60.487674496060876\n ],\n [\n -173.02780151367188,\n 60.491733229826075\n ],\n [\n -173.04840087890625,\n 60.491733229826075\n ],\n [\n -173.06350708007812,\n 60.497820378092264\n ],\n [\n -173.07586669921875,\n 60.50390638363009\n ],\n [\n -173.06076049804688,\n 60.50390638363009\n ],\n [\n -173.04977416992188,\n 60.511343283202464\n ],\n [\n -173.056640625,\n 60.520130146168505\n ],\n [\n -173.0511474609375,\n 60.53026587299222\n ],\n [\n -173.056640625,\n 60.54309990668631\n ],\n [\n -173.03878784179685,\n 60.5491774098331\n ],\n [\n -173.04153442382812,\n 60.555928852322275\n ],\n [\n -173.04153442382812,\n 60.564703621052885\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.38455963134766,\n 57.20733821203915\n ],\n [\n -170.37837982177734,\n 57.20343318587189\n ],\n [\n -170.35640716552734,\n 57.20473490715757\n ],\n [\n -170.3533172607422,\n 57.20603658254635\n ],\n [\n -170.350227355957,\n 57.20547872728542\n ],\n [\n -170.34027099609375,\n 57.20975540219269\n ],\n [\n -170.3327178955078,\n 57.212916104331335\n ],\n [\n -170.32310485839844,\n 57.21607653580686\n ],\n [\n -170.31108856201172,\n 57.21905081231134\n ],\n [\n -170.2983856201172,\n 57.21886492705336\n ],\n [\n -170.28774261474607,\n 57.214217491246806\n ],\n [\n -170.28396606445312,\n 57.211986514152386\n ],\n [\n -170.27194976806638,\n 57.211056900559335\n ],\n [\n -170.25856018066406,\n 57.21087097503101\n ],\n [\n -170.23109436035156,\n 57.21087097503101\n ],\n [\n -170.21736145019528,\n 57.21347384720007\n ],\n [\n -170.18062591552734,\n 57.21998022455431\n ],\n [\n -170.16311645507812,\n 57.22332591478737\n ],\n [\n -170.13290405273438,\n 57.23298953794359\n ],\n [\n -170.12706756591797,\n 57.23559085007481\n ],\n [\n -170.1287841796875,\n 57.237448817822425\n ],\n [\n -170.12775421142578,\n 57.239306691951484\n ],\n [\n -170.12775421142578,\n 57.24042137149313\n ],\n [\n -170.12603759765625,\n 57.24153601733369\n ],\n [\n -170.1226043701172,\n 57.24246486312402\n ],\n [\n -170.1226043701172,\n 57.24395096771088\n ],\n [\n -170.12432098388672,\n 57.245808514196625\n ],\n [\n -170.1229476928711,\n 57.247480226000434\n ],\n [\n -170.1177978515625,\n 57.248594658414525\n ],\n [\n -170.11333465576172,\n 57.249709057131916\n ],\n [\n -170.09925842285156,\n 57.24952332635236\n ],\n [\n -170.0958251953125,\n 57.2476659670762\n ],\n [\n -170.10097503662107,\n 57.2402355939099\n ],\n [\n -170.09685516357422,\n 57.23893512461504\n ],\n [\n -170.101318359375,\n 57.236891437328225\n ],\n [\n -170.1071548461914,\n 57.23633404840825\n ],\n [\n -170.10955810546875,\n 57.231317168957624\n ],\n [\n -170.1119613647461,\n 57.23020221416795\n ],\n [\n -170.11573791503906,\n 57.23187463371268\n ],\n [\n -170.12088775634766,\n 57.229644724133216\n ],\n [\n -170.13668060302734,\n 57.219236696632834\n ],\n [\n -170.15247344970703,\n 57.198039851582024\n ],\n [\n -170.16036987304688,\n 57.18669268035093\n ],\n [\n -170.15796661376953,\n 57.17850567123438\n ],\n [\n -170.15830993652344,\n 57.174411486384635\n ],\n [\n -170.17375946044922,\n 57.16156769167336\n ],\n [\n -170.17444610595703,\n 57.16026444869729\n ],\n [\n -170.17925262451172,\n 57.16082298702525\n ],\n [\n -170.1833724975586,\n 57.15933353273738\n ],\n [\n -170.1950454711914,\n 57.15691304157144\n ],\n [\n -170.20294189453125,\n 57.15560963455819\n ],\n [\n -170.20809173583984,\n 57.152257805606894\n ],\n [\n -170.211181640625,\n 57.14909191048431\n ],\n [\n -170.21461486816406,\n 57.145553236487785\n ],\n [\n -170.21976470947266,\n 57.14573949092536\n ],\n [\n -170.2269744873047,\n 57.146484499300264\n ],\n [\n -170.23452758789062,\n 57.146484499300264\n ],\n [\n -170.24276733398438,\n 57.14406316723513\n ],\n [\n -170.25375366210938,\n 57.140896570837874\n ],\n [\n -170.26199340820312,\n 57.13568040959623\n ],\n [\n -170.2613067626953,\n 57.13325837055657\n ],\n [\n -170.25856018066406,\n 57.13083617304058\n ],\n [\n -170.2547836303711,\n 57.12915917422958\n ],\n [\n -170.2606201171875,\n 57.12394135881104\n ],\n [\n -170.26268005371094,\n 57.12450044563199\n ],\n [\n -170.2654266357422,\n 57.12487316548997\n ],\n [\n -170.2709197998047,\n 57.121332175372615\n ],\n [\n -170.26954650878906,\n 57.120027514717854\n ],\n [\n -170.2709197998047,\n 57.117604451570855\n ],\n [\n -170.27881622314453,\n 57.11219858563151\n ],\n [\n -170.28980255126953,\n 57.10716482887585\n ],\n [\n -170.30284881591794,\n 57.10772416895317\n ],\n [\n -170.299072265625,\n 57.11052074269688\n ],\n [\n -170.2956390380859,\n 57.11182573821242\n ],\n [\n -170.2932357788086,\n 57.11275784972492\n ],\n [\n -170.28774261474607,\n 57.11219858563151\n ],\n [\n -170.28430938720703,\n 57.113317105376\n ],\n [\n -170.27984619140622,\n 57.115367637202795\n ],\n [\n -170.27950286865234,\n 57.116858861789105\n ],\n [\n -170.28430938720703,\n 57.117604451570855\n ],\n [\n -170.2873992919922,\n 57.120959419875106\n ],\n [\n -170.28705596923825,\n 57.12300952868544\n ],\n [\n -170.28911590576172,\n 57.128972836339436\n ],\n [\n -170.2997589111328,\n 57.13530779852029\n ],\n [\n -170.30113220214844,\n 57.13717081639242\n ],\n [\n -170.29426574707028,\n 57.139033740497375\n ],\n [\n -170.28980255126953,\n 57.141082848715\n ],\n [\n -170.28911590576172,\n 57.14406316723513\n ],\n [\n -170.29426574707028,\n 57.14909191048431\n ],\n [\n -170.299072265625,\n 57.15281646485761\n ],\n [\n -170.3052520751953,\n 57.15318889967087\n ],\n [\n -170.3207015991211,\n 57.153002682732954\n ],\n [\n -170.32585144042966,\n 57.15151291348162\n ],\n [\n -170.33477783203125,\n 57.151885361419154\n ],\n [\n -170.3371810913086,\n 57.14480820936193\n ],\n [\n -170.34404754638672,\n 57.14294557591779\n ],\n [\n -170.3536605834961,\n 57.14275930741669\n ],\n [\n -170.35812377929685,\n 57.14778822786141\n ],\n [\n -170.35537719726562,\n 57.15244402629456\n ],\n [\n -170.35743713378903,\n 57.15505101749155\n ],\n [\n -170.3656768798828,\n 57.15505101749155\n ],\n [\n -170.3759765625,\n 57.15523722411784\n ],\n [\n -170.3862762451172,\n 57.156168243188205\n ],\n [\n -170.39382934570312,\n 57.15896115979203\n ],\n [\n -170.40172576904297,\n 57.15914734673338\n ],\n [\n -170.40790557861328,\n 57.16007826737998\n ],\n [\n -170.41236877441406,\n 57.15914734673338\n ],\n [\n -170.41751861572266,\n 57.158588783097265\n ],\n [\n -170.42335510253906,\n 57.1617538654921\n ],\n [\n -170.4202651977539,\n 57.16622175595563\n ],\n [\n -170.42198181152344,\n 57.16938618506935\n ],\n [\n -170.42163848876953,\n 57.172736461855706\n ],\n [\n -170.41923522949216,\n 57.17776130772402\n ],\n [\n -170.4202651977539,\n 57.180738671808335\n ],\n [\n -170.41580200195312,\n 57.18464609813549\n ],\n [\n -170.41923522949216,\n 57.19134358195087\n ],\n [\n -170.4151153564453,\n 57.194877875552635\n ],\n [\n -170.41065216064453,\n 57.19617989847025\n ],\n [\n -170.40550231933594,\n 57.20101558171358\n ],\n [\n -170.40138244628906,\n 57.204548949783955\n ],\n [\n -170.39520263671875,\n 57.20585063172936\n ],\n [\n -170.38455963134766,\n 57.20733821203915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c41e4b0efcedb741090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra Looman 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":131088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Looman","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomson, John W.","contributorId":179139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13562,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schofield, Wilfred B.","contributorId":97827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Wilfred B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022790,"text":"70022790 - 2001 - Constants for mercury binding by organic matter isolates from the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:50:41","indexId":"70022790","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constants for mercury binding by organic matter isolates from the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been implicated as an important complexing agent for Hg that can affect its mobility and bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems. However, binding constants for natural Hg-DOM complexes are not well known. We employed a competitive ligand approach to estimate conditional stability constants for Hg complexes with DOM isolates collected from Florida Everglades surface waters. The isolates examined were the hydrophobic fraction of DOM from a eutrophic, sulfidic site (F1-HPoA) and the hydrophilic fraction from an oligotrophic, low-sulfide site (2BS-HPiA). Our experimental determinations utilized overall octanol-water partitioning coefficients (Dow) for 203Hg at 0.01 M chloride and across pH and DOM concentration gradients. Use of this radioisotope allowed rapid determinations of Hg concentrations in both water and octanol phases without problems of matrix interference.
Conditional stability constants (I = 0.06, 23°C) were log K′ = 11.8 for F1-HPoA and log K′ = 10.6 for 2BS-HPiA. These are similar to previously published stability constants for Hg binding to low-molecular-weight thiols. Further, F1-HPoA showed a pH-dependent decline in Dow that was consistent with models of Hg complexation with thiol groups as the dominant Hg binding sites in DOM. These experiments demonstrate that the DOM isolates are stronger ligands for Hg than chloride ion or ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid. Speciation calculations indicate that at the DOM concentrations frequently measured in Everglades, 20 to 40 μM, significant complexation of Hg by DOM would be expected in aerobic (sulfide-free) surface waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00742-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Benoit, J., Mason, R., Gilmour, C., and Aiken, G., 2001, Constants for mercury binding by organic matter isolates from the Florida Everglades: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, no. 24, p. 4445-4451, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00742-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4445","endPage":"4451","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208008,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00742-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.97448730468749,\n 24.943728712051445\n ],\n [\n -79.99969482421875,\n 24.943728712051445\n ],\n [\n -79.99969482421875,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -81.97448730468749,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -81.97448730468749,\n 24.943728712051445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa04e4b0c8380cd4d89b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benoit, J.M.","contributorId":102648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, R.P.","contributorId":61989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilmour, C.C.","contributorId":63558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023672,"text":"70023672 - 2001 - Landsat 7 thermal-IR image sharpening using an artificial neural network and sensor model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023672","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat 7 thermal-IR image sharpening using an artificial neural network and sensor model","docAbstract":"The enhanced thematic mapper (plus) (ETM+) instrument on Landsat 7 shares the same basic design as the TM sensors on Landsats 4 and 5, with some significant improvements. In common are six multispectral bands with a 30-m ground-projected instantaneous field of view (GIFOV). However, the thermaL-IR (TIR) band now has a 60-m GIFOV, instead of 120-m. Also, a 15-m panchromatic band has been added. The artificial neural network (NN) image sharpening method described here uses data from the higher spatial resolution ETM+ bands to enhance (sharpen) the spatial resolution of the TIR imagery. It is based on an assumed correlation over multiple scales of resolution, between image edge contrast patterns in the TIR band and several other spectral bands. A multilayer, feedforward NN is trained to approximate TIR data at 60m, given degraded (from 30-m to 60-m) spatial resolution input from spectral bands 7, 5, and 2. After training, the NN output for full-resolution input generates an approximation of a TIR image at 30-m resolution. Two methods are used to degrade the spatial resolution of the imagery used for NN training, and the corresponding sharpening results are compared. One degradation method uses a published sensor transfer function (TF) for Landsat 5 to simulate sensor coarser resolution imagery from higher resolution imagery. For comparison, the second degradation method is simply Gaussian low pass filtering and subsampling, wherein the Gaussian filter approximates the full width at half maximum amplitude characteristics of the TF-based spatial filter. Two fixed-size NNs (that is, number of weights and processing elements) were trained separately with the degraded resolution data, and the sharpening results compared. The comparison evaluates the relative influence of the degradation technique employed and whether or not it is desirable to incorporate a sensor TF model. Preliminary results indicate some improvements for the sensor model-based technique. Further evaluation using a higher resolution reference image and strict application of sensor model to data is recommended.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Visual Information Processing X","conferenceDate":"19 April 2001 through 20 April 2001","conferenceLocation":"Orlando,FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.438256","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Lemeshewsky, G., and Schowengerdt, R., 2001, Landsat 7 thermal-IR image sharpening using an artificial neural network and sensor model, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4388, Orlando,FL, 19 April 2001 through 20 April 2001, p. 181-192, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.438256.","startPage":"181","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.438256"},{"id":232703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4388","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43cde4b0c8380cd66623","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Park S.K.Rahman Z.Schowengerdt R.A.","contributorId":128439,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Park S.K.Rahman Z.Schowengerdt R.A.","id":536503,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lemeshewsky, G.P.","contributorId":106927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemeshewsky","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schowengerdt, R.A.","contributorId":83707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schowengerdt","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174299,"text":"70174299 - 2001 - Contributions of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to U.S. estuaries: Summary and conclusions: Chapter 8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T16:37:27","indexId":"70174299","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contributions of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to U.S. estuaries: Summary and conclusions: Chapter 8","docAbstract":"A NOAA project was initiated in 1998, with support from the U.S. EPA, to develop state-of-the-art estimates of atmospheric N deposition to estuarine watersheds and water surfaces and its delivery to the estuaries. Work groups were formed to address N deposition rates, indirect (from the watershed) yields from atmospheric and other anthropogenic sources, and direct deposition on the estuarine waterbodies, and to evaluate the levels of uncertainty within the estimates. Watershed N yields were estimated using both a land-use based process approach and a national (SPARROW) model, compared to each other, and compared to estimates of N yield from the literature. The total N yields predicted by the national model were similar to values found in the literature and the land-use derived estimates were consistently higher. Atmospheric N yield estimates were within a similar range for the two approaches, but tended to be higher in the land-use based estimates and were not wellcorrelated. Median atmospheric N yields were around 15% of the total N yield for both groups, but ranged as high as 60% when both direct and indirect deposition were considered. Although not the dominant source of anthropogenic N, atmospheric N is, and will undoubtedly continue to be, an important factor in culturally eutrophied estuarine systems, warranting additional research and management attention.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nitrogen loading in coastal water bodies: An atmospheric perspective","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/CE057p0187","isbn":"9780875902715","usgsCitation":"Stacey, P.E., Greening, H., Kremer, J.N., Peterson, D., and Tomasko, D.A., 2001, Contributions of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to U.S. estuaries: Summary and conclusions: Chapter 8, chap. of Nitrogen loading in coastal water bodies: An atmospheric perspective, p. 187-226, https://doi.org/10.1029/CE057p0187.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"226","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d2ee4b0ef4d2f45fa9a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Valigura, Richard A.","contributorId":172722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valigura","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641724,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641725,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castro, Mark S.","contributorId":172723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castro","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641726,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyers, Tilden P.","contributorId":146138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyers","given":"Tilden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16598,"text":"NOAA/ATDD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641727,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paerl, Hans W.","contributorId":172724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paerl","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641728,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stacey, Paul E.","contributorId":172725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641729,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turner, R. Eugene","contributorId":172726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641730,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Stacey, Paul E.","contributorId":172725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greening, Holly","contributorId":64299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greening","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kremer, James N.","contributorId":172727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kremer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, David","contributorId":15287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tomasko, David A.","contributorId":172728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomasko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023983,"text":"70023983 - 2001 - The behaviour of 39 pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T11:03:32","indexId":"70023983","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The behaviour of 39 pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale","docAbstract":"A portion of applied pesticides runs off agricultural fields and is transported through surface waters. In this study, the behaviour of 39 pesticides is examined as a function of scale across 14 orders of magnitude from the field to the ocean. Data on pesticide loads in streams from two US Geological Survey programs were combined with literature data from field and watershed studies. The annual load as percent of use (LAPU) was quantified for each of the fields and watersheds and was used as the normalization factor across watersheds and compounds. The in-stream losses of each pesticide were estimated for a model stream with a 15 day travel time (similar in characteristics to the upper Mississippi River). These estimated in-stream losses agreed well with the observed changes in apparent LAPU values as a function of watershed area. In general, herbicides applied to the soil surface had the greatest LAPU values and minimal in-stream losses. Soil-incorporated herbicides had smaller LAPU values and substantial in-stream losses. Insecticides generally had LAPU values similar to the incorporated herbicides, but had more variation in their in-stream losses. On the basis of the LAPU values of the 39 pesticides as a function of watershed area, a generalized conceptual model of the movement of pesticides from the field to the ocean is suggested. The importance of considering both field runoff and in-stream losses is discussed in relation to interpreting monitoring data and making regulatory decisions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.212","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., Larson, S., and Winterstein, T.A., 2001, The behaviour of 39 pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1251-1269, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.212.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1269","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.212"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9e4e4b08c986b3225ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winterstein, T. A.","contributorId":25156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterstein","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000980,"text":"1000980 - 2001 - Effects of nonlethal sea lamprey attack on the blood chemistry of lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T15:08:36.801742","indexId":"1000980","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nonlethal sea lamprey attack on the blood chemistry of lake trout","docAbstract":"A laboratory study examined changes in the blood chemistry of field-caught and hatchery-reared lake trout Salvelinus namaycush subjected to a nonlethal attack by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus. We measured glucose, total protein, amylase, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase, calcium, magnesium, triglycerides, sodium, and potassium with a Kodak Ektachem DT60 Analyzer, Ektachem DTSC Module, and the DTE Module. Mean levels of total protein, AST, ALKP, hematocrit, calcium, magnesium, and sodium decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), and mean levels of ALT and potassium increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) after sea lamprey feeding. Lake trout condition (K) and hematocrit levels also decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) after the sea lamprey attack. Frequency distributions of eight lake trout blood chemistry variables and the hematocrit were significantly different before and after a sea lamprey attack. A second study that used hatchery lake trout broodstock measured changes in hematocrit before and after a sea lamprey attack.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0051:EONSLA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Edsall, C.C., and Swink, W.D., 2001, Effects of nonlethal sea lamprey attack on the blood chemistry of lake trout: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 13, no. 1, p. 51-55, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0051:EONSLA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Traverse City, Rogers City","otherGeospatial":"Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.7912380616377,\n 45.414198458095996\n ],\n [\n -83.7747514175481,\n 45.40479441927525\n ],\n [\n -83.76238643448059,\n 45.405517862464876\n ],\n [\n -83.75895171696165,\n 45.40985832704351\n ],\n [\n -83.74727367739857,\n 45.402141714983514\n ],\n [\n -83.7366260530902,\n 45.40310634913769\n ],\n [\n -83.73353480732348,\n 45.40937606967185\n ],\n [\n -83.71601774797853,\n 45.411063952457965\n ],\n [\n -83.70605706717394,\n 45.43155564705904\n ],\n [\n -83.79776402492335,\n 45.47034894246863\n ],\n [\n -83.85237603347085,\n 45.45179895628635\n ],\n [\n -83.84859784419972,\n 45.43709918003273\n ],\n [\n -83.83382855886988,\n 45.43300183859421\n ],\n [\n -83.8290199543434,\n 45.42721685010369\n ],\n [\n -83.81459414076517,\n 45.42022586458924\n ],\n [\n -83.7912380616377,\n 45.414198458095996\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.59757757162636,\n 44.75941074941977\n ],\n [\n -85.58109092753676,\n 44.754532765625385\n ],\n [\n -85.53300488227494,\n 44.738920450271934\n ],\n [\n -85.49797076358435,\n 44.76477605597799\n ],\n [\n -85.50209242460646,\n 44.789157533267684\n ],\n [\n -85.47667551496828,\n 44.80280666378806\n ],\n [\n -85.65596776944436,\n 44.82668487371464\n ],\n [\n -85.64222889936993,\n 44.801344411368746\n ],\n [\n -85.64841139090335,\n 44.77599281414058\n ],\n [\n -85.64291584287305,\n 44.76672695300809\n ],\n [\n -85.59757757162636,\n 44.75941074941977\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611b40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Carol Cotant","contributorId":78690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Cotant","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swink, William D.","contributorId":60586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swink","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156212,"text":"70156212 - 2001 - Monthly fractional green vegetation cover associated with land cover classes of the conterminous USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T16:03:23","indexId":"70156212","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monthly fractional green vegetation cover associated with land cover classes of the conterminous USA","docAbstract":"The land cover classes developed under the coordination of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS) have been analyzed for a study area that includes the Conterminous United States and portions of Mexico and Canada. The 1-km resolution data have been analyzed to produce a gridded data set that includes within each 20-km grid cell: 1) the three most dominant land cover classes, 2) the fractional area associated with each of the three dominant classes, and 3) the fractional area covered by water. Additionally, the monthly fraction of green vegetation cover (fgreen) associated with each of the three dominant land cover classes per grid cell was derived from a 5-year climatology of 1-km resolution NOAA-AVHRR data. The variables derived in this study provide a potential improvement over the use of monthly fgreen linked to a single land cover class per model grid cell.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011874","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., Tarpley, D., Mitchell, K., Csiszar, I., Owen, T., and Reed, B.C., 2001, Monthly fractional green vegetation cover associated with land cover classes of the conterminous USA: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 10, p. 2089-2092, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011874.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2089","endPage":"2092","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011874","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 27.21555620902969\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -71.455078125,\n 41.178653972331695\n ],\n [\n -69.345703125,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -70.224609375,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -68.73046875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -66.796875,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -67.67578124999999,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -68.37890625,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -69.2578125,\n 47.754097979680026\n ],\n [\n -70.224609375,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 46.55886030311719\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 46.86019101567027\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 48.864714761802794\n ],\n [\n -95.09765625,\n 49.49667452747045\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -125.15625000000001,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 42.94033923363183\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -121.201171875,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.08906131584996\n ],\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -117.50976562499999,\n 32.694865977875075\n ],\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -107.9296875,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -107.9296875,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -104.4140625,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -102.83203125,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -101.42578124999999,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -100.546875,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -99.580078125,\n 26.509904531413927\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -97.294921875,\n 27.059125784374068\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 28.767659105691255\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -85.869140625,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 26.509904531413927\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 25.3241665257384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfb9e4b08400b1fe141b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallo, Kevin P. kgallo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tarpley, Dan","contributorId":146520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarpley","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Ken","contributorId":8211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Csiszar, Ivan","contributorId":146521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Csiszar","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owen, Tobias","contributorId":103788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Tobias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162305,"text":"70162305 - 2001 - Morphometrics, sexual dimorphism, and growth in the Angonoka tortoise (Geochelone yniphora) of western Madagascar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T10:27:31","indexId":"70162305","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":671,"text":"African Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometrics, sexual dimorphism, and growth in the Angonoka tortoise (Geochelone yniphora) of western Madagascar","docAbstract":"The most recent description of the morphology of the rare endemic Madagascar tortoise,Geochelone yniphora was based on fewer than 20 specimens. We collected morphological data for 200 free‐ranging tortoises from five populations over a four‐year period. Tortoises ranged in size from 43.5 mm carapace length at hatching to a maximum of 481 mm in an adult male. We were able to develop a logistic regression model to predict the sex of adult tortoises in one of the five populations using principal component analysis; the model correctly predicted the sex of 25 of 26 adult tortoises. Growth of 40 tortoises was monitored and as in other chelonians, the annual relative growth rate decreased with age. The relative growth rate in adults was approximately 5% per year as compared to approximately 16% in juveniles. Juvenile tortoises accrued one scute growth layer per year.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/21564574.2001.9635446","usgsCitation":"Smith, L.L., Pedrono, M., Dorazio, R.M., and Bishko, J., 2001, Morphometrics, sexual dimorphism, and growth in the Angonoka tortoise (Geochelone yniphora) of western Madagascar: African Journal of Herpetology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 9-18, https://doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2001.9635446.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4be4b0961cf2811c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Lora L.","contributorId":53684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lora","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pedrono, Miguel","contributorId":152391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedrono","given":"Miguel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bishko, Jack","contributorId":152396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishko","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023348,"text":"70023348 - 2001 - All equal-area map projections are created equal, but some are more equal than others","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T16:54:08.497691","indexId":"70023348","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"All equal-area map projections are created equal, but some are more equal than others","docAbstract":"High-resolution regional and global raster databases are currently being generated for a variety of environmental and scientific modeling applications. The projection of these data from geographic coordinates to a plane coordinate system is subject to significant areal error. Sources of error include users selecting an inappropriate projection or incorrect parameters for a given projection, algorithmic errors in commercial geographic information system (GIS) software, and errors resulting from the projection of data in the raster format. To assess the latter type of errors, the accuracy of raster projection was analyzed by two methods. First, a set of 12 one-degree by one-degree quadrilaterals placed at various latitudes was projected at several raster resolutions and compared to the projection of a vector representation of the same quadrilaterals. Second, several different raster resolutions of land cover data for Asia were projected and the total areas of 21 land cover categories were tabulated and compared. While equal-area projections are designed to specifically preserve area, the comparison of the results of the one-degree by one-degree quadrilaterals with the common equal area projections (e.g., the Mollweide) indicates a considerable variance in the one-degree area after projection. Similarly, the empirical comparison of land cover areas for Asia among various projections shows that total areas of land cover vary with projection type, raster resolution, and latitude. No single projection is best for all resolutions and all latitudes. While any of the equal-area projections tested are reasonably accurate for most applications with resolutions of eight-kilometer pixels or smaller, significant variances in accuracies appear at larger pixel sizes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1559/152304001782153053","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., and Seong, J.C., 2001, All equal-area map projections are created equal, but some are more equal than others: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 28, no. 3, p. 183-193, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304001782153053.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e968e4b0c8380cd48270","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seong, Jeong Chang","contributorId":75979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seong","given":"Jeong","email":"","middleInitial":"Chang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023764,"text":"70023764 - 2001 - The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T21:58:01.488547","indexId":"70023764","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1166,"text":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"Decades of quantitative measurement indicate that roots can mechanically reinforce shallow soils in forested landscapes. Forests, however, have variations in vegetation species and age which can dominate the local stability of landslide-initiation sites. To assess the influence of this variability on root cohesion we examined scarps of landslides triggered during large storms in February and November of 1996 in the Oregon Coast Range and hand-dug soil pits on stable ground. At 41 sites we estimated the cohesive reinforcement to soil due to roots by determining the tensile strength, species, depth, orientation, relative health, and the density of roots ![\"\"](\"https://cdnsciencepub.com/cms/10.1139/t01-031/asset/images/gr.gif\")
1 mm in diameter within a measured soil area. We found that median lateral root cohesion ranges from 6.8–23.2 kPa in industrial forests with significant understory and deciduous vegetation to 25.6–94.3 kPa in natural forests dominated by coniferous vegetation. Lateral root cohesion in clearcuts is uniformly ![\"\"](\"https://cdnsciencepub.com/cms/10.1139/t01-031/asset/images/ls.gif\")
10 kPa. Some 100-year-old industrial forests have species compositions, lateral root cohesion, and root diameters that more closely resemble 10-year-old clearcuts than natural forests. As such, the influence of root cohesion variability on landslide susceptibility cannot be determined solely from broad age classifications or extrapolated from the presence of one species of vegetation. Furthermore, the anthropogenic disturbance legacy modifies root cohesion for at least a century and should be considered when comparing contemporary landslide rates from industrial forests with geologic background rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cgj-38-5-995","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, K., Roering, J.J., Stock, J., Dietrich, W.E., Montgomery, D.R., and Schaub, T., 2001, The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 38, no. 5, p. 995-1024, https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-38-5-995.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"995","endPage":"1024","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LVVD9S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Root thread strength, landslide headscarp geometry, and observed root characteristics at the monitored CB1 landslide, Oregon, USA"},{"id":232308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 43.31718491566705\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 43.31718491566705\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 45.282617057517406\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 45.282617057517406\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 43.31718491566705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1b2e4b08c986b3253ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roering, J. J.","contributorId":22533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roering","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stock, J. D. 0000-0001-8565-3577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-3577","contributorId":79998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietrich, W. E.","contributorId":47538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaub, T.","contributorId":59206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaub","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023765,"text":"70023765 - 2001 - Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T12:31:08","indexId":"70023765","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water","docAbstract":"Ground-water sampling techniques were modified to reduce random low-level contamination during collection of filtered water samples for determination of trace-element concentrations. The modified sampling techniques were first used in New Jersey by the US Geological Survey in 1994 along with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis to determine the concentrations of 18 trace elements at the one microgram-per-liter (μg/L) level in the oxic water of the unconfined sand and gravel Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. The revised technique tested included a combination of the following: collection of samples (1) with flow rates of about 2L per minute, (2) through acid-washed single-use disposable tubing and (3) a single-use disposable 0.45-μm pore size capsule filter, (4) contained within portable glove boxes, (5) in a dedicated clean sampling van, (6) only after turbidity stabilized at values less than 2 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), when possible. Quality-assurance data, obtained from equipment blanks and split samples, indicated that trace element concentrations, with the exception of iron, chromium, aluminum, and zinc, measured in the samples collected in 1994 were not subject to random contamination at 1μg/L.Results from samples collected in 1994 were compared to those from samples collected in 1991 from the same 12 PVC-cased observation wells using the available sampling and analytical techniques at that time. Concentrations of copper, lead, manganese and zinc were statistically significantly lower in samples collected in 1994 than in 1991. Sampling techniques used in 1994 likely provided trace-element data that represented concentrations in the aquifer with less bias than data from 1991 when samples were collected without the same degree of attention to sample handling.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Ivahnenko, T., Szabo, Z., and Gibs, J., 2001, Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water: Water Research, v. 35, no. 15, p. 3611-3624, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X.","startPage":"3611","endPage":"3624","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X"}],"volume":"35","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f423e4b0c8380cd4bb79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivahnenko, T.","contributorId":20495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibs, J.","contributorId":91632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}