In October 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey began investigating and monitoring water-quality conditions and suspended-sediment transport in the Wilson and Trask Rivers, northwestern Oregon. Water temperature, specific conductance, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen were measured every 15–30 minutes in both streams using real-time instream water-quality monitors. In conjunction with the monitoring effort, suspended-sediment samples were collected and analyzed to model the amount of suspended sediment being transported by each river. Over the course of the 3-year study, which ended in September 2014, nearly 600,000 tons (t) of suspended-sediment material entered Tillamook Bay from these two tributaries.
\nEach year of the study, the Wilson River transported between 80,300 and 240,000 t of suspended sediment, while the Trask River contributed between 28,200 and 69,900 t. The suspended-sediment loads observed during the study were relatively small because streamflow conditions were routinely lower than normal between October 2011 and September 2014. Only one storm had a recurrence interval between a 2- and 5-year event. Every other storm produced streamflows equivalent to what would be classified as a 1- or 2-year event. Because most sediment moves during high flows, the lack of heavy rainfall and elevated streamflows muted any high sediment loads.
\nAlong with assessing suspended-sediment transport, the U.S. Geological Survey also monitored instream water quality. This monitoring was used to track instream conditions and relate them to water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and sedimentation issues for the Wilson and Trask Rivers. Stream temperatures in the Wilson and Trask Rivers exceeded the temperature standard for cold-water habitat. Water temperatures at both streams exceeded the standard for more than 30 percent of the year, as stream temperatures increased above the seasonal 13 degrees Celsius (°C) (seasonal core cold-water habitat) and 16 °C (salmon and steelhead [Oncorhynchus mykiss] spawning) thresholds. Conversely, dissolved oxygen concentrations rarely decreased to less than the absolute water-quality criterion of 8 milligrams per liter for cold-water streams.
\nResults from this study will provide resource managers insight into the seasonality of water-quality conditions and the extent of suspended-sediment transport in the Wilson and Trask Rivers. The data are useful for establishing a baseline and for maintaining best-use land management practices and possibly for aiding in prioritization of restoration actions for both rivers and their respective watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tillamook Estuaries Partnership","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, Steven, Bragg, H.M., and Uhrich, M.A., 2015, Water-quality conditions and suspended-sediment transport in the Wilson and Trask Rivers, northwestern Oregon, water years 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5109, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155109.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-10-01","temporalEnd":"2014-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-064609","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306219,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5109/sir20155109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5109"},{"id":306220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5109/coverthmb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Trask River, Wilson River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.77746582031249,\n 45.325116643332684\n ],\n [\n -123.56597900390626,\n 45.325116643332684\n ],\n [\n -123.56597900390626,\n 45.4947963896697\n ],\n [\n -123.77746582031249,\n 45.4947963896697\n ],\n [\n -123.77746582031249,\n 45.325116643332684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
The use of groundwater to supplement surface-water supplies for the Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Project in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California markedly increased between 2000 and 2014. Pre-2001 groundwater pumping in the area where most of this increase occurred is estimated to have been about 28,600 acre-feet per year. Subsequent supplemental pumping rates have been as high as 128,740 acre-feet per year. During this period of increased pumping, groundwater levels in and around the Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Project have declined by about 20-25 feet. Water-level declines are largely due to the increased supplemental pumping, but other factors include increased pumping adjacent to the Klamath Project and drying climate conditions. This report summarizes the distribution and magnitude of supplemental groundwater pumping and groundwater-level declines, and characterizes the relation between the stress and response in subareas of the Klamath Project to aid decision makers in developing groundwater-management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151145","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Klamath Water and Power Agency and the Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Gannett, M.W., and Breen, K.H., 2015, Groundwater levels, trends, and relations to pumping in the Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Project, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1145, 19 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151145.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-064282","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306209,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1145/ofr20151145.pdf","text":"Report","size":"805 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1145"},{"id":306208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1145/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Valley, Tule Lake subbasin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 41.81431422987254\n ],\n [\n -121.4373779296875,\n 41.81431422987254\n ],\n [\n -121.4373779296875,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 41.81431422987254\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
Responses of species to disturbances give insights into how species might respond to future wetland changes. In this study, species of monsoonal wetlands belonging to various functional types (graminoid and non−graminoid emergents, submersed aquatic, floating−leaved aquatic) varied in their growth responses to water depth and harvesting. We tested the effects of water depth (moist soil, flooded) and clipping (unclipped, and clipped) on the biomass and longevity of twenty−three dominant plant species of monsoonal wetlands in the Keoladeo National Park, India in a controlled experiment. With respect to total biomass and survival, six species responded positively to flooding and twelve species responded negatively to clipping. Responses to flooding and clipping, however, sometimes interacted. Individualistic responses of species to water levels and clipping regimes were apparent; species within a functional group did not always respond similarly. Therefore, detailed information on the individualistic responses of species may be needed to predict the vegetation composition of post−disturbance wetlands. In particular, as demands for fresh water increase around the world, studies of life history constraints and responses to hydrological changes will aid wetland managers in developing strategies to conserve biodiversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.06.004","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., van der Valk, A., and Davis, C.B., 2015, Responses to water depth and clipping of twenty−three plant species in an Indian monsoonal wetland: Aquatic Botany, v. 126, p. 38-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.06.004.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055617","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.06.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Keoladeo National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 77.57617950439453,\n 27.15050530215565\n ],\n [\n 77.50717163085936,\n 27.20517504065018\n ],\n [\n 77.48828887939453,\n 27.194487533747655\n ],\n [\n 77.48279571533203,\n 27.15783687748054\n ],\n [\n 77.53910064697266,\n 27.115368162224495\n ],\n [\n 77.57617950439453,\n 27.15050530215565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b899a0e4b09a3b01b6066d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van der Valk, Arnold","contributorId":145612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Valk","given":"Arnold","affiliations":[{"id":15296,"text":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Craig B.","contributorId":145613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":16172,"text":"Ohio State University, Columbus, OH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155518,"text":"ofr20151142 - 2015 - Assessment of existing and potential landslide hazards resulting from the April 25, 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-06T08:57:42","indexId":"ofr20151142","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-28T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1142","title":"Assessment of existing and potential landslide hazards resulting from the April 25, 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"On April 25, 2015, a large (M7.8) earthquake shook much of central Nepal and was followed by a series of M>6 aftershocks, including a M7.3 event on May 12, 2015. This earthquake and aftershocks, referred to as the “Gorkha earthquake sequence,” caused thousands of fatalities, damaged and destroyed entire villages, and displaced millions of residents. The earthquakes also triggered thousands of landslides in the exceedingly steep topography of Nepal; these landslides were responsible for hundreds of fatalities, and blocked vital roads and trails to affected villages (fig. 1). Landslides caused by the Gorkha earthquake sequence continue to pose both immediate and long-term hazards to villages and infrastructure within the affected region. Some landslides blocked rivers and thus created another potential concern for villages located downstream.
\nWith the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), and in collaboration with earthquake-hazard organizations from both the United States (for example, U.S. National Science Foundation Geoengineering Extreme Event Reconnaissance [GEER] Team) and Nepal (International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development [ICIMOD]), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) responded to this crisis by providing landslide-hazard expertise to Nepalese agencies and affected villages. In addition to collaborating with an international group of remote-sensing scientists to document the spatial distribution of landsliding in the first few weeks following the earthquake, the USGS conducted in-country landslide hazard assessments for 10 days beginning May 24, 2015. Much of the information obtained by the USGS during their time in Nepal was conveyed directly to affected villages and government agencies as opportunities arose. Upon return to the United States, data organization, interpretation, and synthesis began immediately to provide a rapid assessment of landslide hazards for use by Nepalese agencies during the 2015 summer monsoon (typically occurring from June through September).
\nThis report provides a detailed account of assessments performed in May and June 2015 and focuses on valley-blocking landslides because they have the potential to pose considerable hazard to many villages in Nepal. First, we provide a seismological background of Nepal and then detail the methods used for both external and in-country data collection and interpretation. Our results consist of an overview of landsliding extent, a characterization of all valley-blocking landslides identified during our work, and a description of video resources that provide high resolution coverage of approximately 1,000 kilometers (km) of river valleys and surrounding terrain affected by the Gorkha earthquake sequence. This is followed by a description of site-specific landslide-hazard assessments conducted while in Nepal and includes detailed descriptions of five noteworthy case studies. Finally, we assess the expectation for additional landslide hazards during the 2015 summer monsoon season.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151142","usgsCitation":"Collins, B.D., and Jibson, R.W., 2015, Assessment of existing and potential landslide hazards resulting\nfrom the April 25, 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake sequence (ver. 1.1, August 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1142, 50 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151142.","productDescription":"Report: 50 p.; Dataset; Version History","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2015-05-27","temporalEnd":"2015-06-01","ipdsId":"IP-066801","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1142/coverthb.gif"},{"id":306185,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7X928BN","text":"Video data files"},{"id":307326,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1142/versionhist.txt","size":"2 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":306184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1142/ofr20151142_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report Version 1.1","size":"20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1142 V 1.1 Report"}],"country":"Nepal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 83.60595703125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n 83.16650390625,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n 84.04541015625,\n 27.449790329784214\n ],\n [\n 84.72656249999999,\n 27.176469131898898\n ],\n [\n 86.17675781249999,\n 27.15692045688088\n ],\n [\n 86.7041015625,\n 28.130127737874005\n ],\n [\n 83.935546875,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n 83.60595703125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted July 28, 2015; Version 1.1: August 24, 2015","contact":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 901
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/
Aftershocks may be driven by stress concentrations left by the main shock rupture or by elastic stress transfer to adjacent fault sections or strands. Aftershocks that occur within the initial rupture may be limited in size, because the scale of the stress concentrations should be smaller than the primary rupture itself. On the other hand, aftershocks that occur on adjacent fault segments outside the primary rupture may have no such size limitation. Here we use high-precision double-difference relocated earthquake catalogs to demonstrate that larger aftershocks occur farther away than smaller aftershocks, when measured from the centroid of early aftershock activity—a proxy for the initial rupture. Aftershocks as large as or larger than the initiating event nucleate almost exclusively in the outer regions of the aftershock zone. This observation is interpreted as a signature of elastic rebound in the earthquake catalog and can be used to improve forecasting of large aftershocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064734","usgsCitation":"van der Elst, N., and Shaw, B., 2015, Larger aftershocks happen farther away: nonseparability of magnitude and spatial distributions of aftershocks: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 14, p. 5771-5778, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064734.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5771","endPage":"5778","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065854","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd4ae4b03bc34f544b1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van der Elst, Nicholas 0000-0002-3812-1153 nvanderelst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3812-1153","contributorId":147858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Elst","given":"Nicholas","email":"nvanderelst@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, Bruce E.","contributorId":93810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Bruce E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160786,"text":"70160786 - 2015 - Application of a putative alarm cue hastens the arrival of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) at a trapping location","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T12:44:42","indexId":"70160786","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a putative alarm cue hastens the arrival of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) at a trapping location","docAbstract":"The sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus is an invasive pest in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin, threatening the persistence of important commercial and recreational fisheries. There is substantial interest in developing effective trapping practices via the application of behavior-modifying semiochemicals (odors). Here we report on the effectiveness of utilizing repellent and attractant odors in a push–pull configuration, commonly employed to tackle invertebrate pests, to improve trapping efficacy at permanent barriers to sea lamprey migration. When a half-stream channel was activated by a naturally derived repellent odor (a putative alarm cue), we found that sea lamprey located a trap entrance significantly faster than when no odor was present as a result of their redistribution within the stream. The presence of a partial sex pheromone, acting as an attractant within the trap, was not found to further decrease the time to when sea lamprey located a trap entrance relative to when the alarm cue alone was applied. Neither the application of alarm cue singly nor alarm cue and partial sex pheromone in combination was found to improve the numbers of sea lamprey captured in the trap versus when no odor was present — likely because nominal capture rate during control trials was unusually high during the study period. Behavioural guidance using these odors has the potential to both improve control of invasive non-native sea lamprey in the Great Lakes as well as improving the efficiency of fish passage devices used in the restoration of threatened lamprey species elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0535","usgsCitation":"Hume, J.B., Meckley, T., Johnson, N., Luhring, T.M., Siefkes, M.J., and Wagner, C.M., 2015, Application of a putative alarm cue hastens the arrival of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) at a trapping location: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 12, p. 1799-1806, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0535.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1799","endPage":"1806","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065703","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Carp Lake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.82947349548338,\n 45.74925869886274\n ],\n [\n -84.82870101928711,\n 45.749019127824525\n ],\n [\n -84.82910871505737,\n 45.748090780339176\n ],\n [\n -84.82970952987671,\n 45.74620409110211\n ],\n [\n -84.8294949531555,\n 45.74578481816729\n ],\n [\n -84.82865810394287,\n 45.7453505678793\n ],\n [\n -84.8277997970581,\n 45.7454553872236\n ],\n [\n -84.8267912864685,\n 45.74539549047953\n ],\n [\n -84.82696294784546,\n 45.74490133988872\n ],\n [\n -84.82904434204102,\n 45.74490133988872\n ],\n [\n -84.83022451400757,\n 45.74572492177667\n ],\n [\n -84.83063220977783,\n 45.74674315167684\n ],\n [\n -84.8302674293518,\n 45.747701468734114\n ],\n [\n -84.82945203781128,\n 45.74874960917743\n ],\n [\n -84.82979536056519,\n 45.74904907426054\n ],\n [\n -84.82947349548338,\n 45.74925869886274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56865fbee4b0e7594ee74cb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hume, John B.","contributorId":150987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hume","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meckley, Trevor D.","contributorId":67417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meckley","given":"Trevor D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":150983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luhring, Thomas M","contributorId":150988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luhring","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siefkes, Michael J","contributorId":150989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siefkes","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, C. Michael","contributorId":145442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169337,"text":"70169337 - 2015 - Simulating forest landscape disturbances as coupled human and natural systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:00:15","indexId":"70169337","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Simulating forest landscape disturbances as coupled human and natural systems","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic disturbances resulting from human land use affect forest landscapes over a range of spatial and temporal scales, with diverse influences on vegetation patterns and dynamics. These processes fall within the scope of the coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) concept, which has emerged as an important framework for understanding the reciprocal interactions and feedbacks that connect human activities and ecosystem responses. Spatial simulation modeling of forest landscape change is an important technique for exploring the dynamics of CHANS over large areas and long time periods. Landscape models for simulating interactions between human activities and forest landscape dynamics can be grouped into two main categories. Forest landscape models (FLMs) focus on landscapes where forests are the dominant land cover and simulate succession and natural disturbances along with forest management activities. In contrast, land change models (LCMs) simulate mosaics of different land cover and land use classes that include forests in addition to other land uses such as developed areas and agricultural lands. There are also several examples of coupled models that combine elements of FLMs and LCMs. These integrated models are particularly useful for simulating human–natural interactions in landscapes where human settlement and agriculture are expanding into forested areas. Despite important differences in spatial scale and disciplinary scope, FLMs and LCMs have many commonalities in conceptual design and technical implementation that can facilitate continued integration. The ultimate goal will be to implement forest landscape disturbance modeling in a CHANS framework that recognizes the contextual effects of regional land use and other human activities on the forest ecosystem while capturing the reciprocal influences of forests and their disturbances on the broader land use mosaic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-19809-5_9","usgsCitation":"Wimberly, M., Sohl, T.L., Liu, Z., and Lamsal, A., 2015, Simulating forest landscape disturbances as coupled human and natural systems, p. 233-261, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19809-5_9.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"261","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054503","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319384,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19809-5_9"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571dee2ce4b071321fe56425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wimberly, Michael","contributorId":51654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimberly","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Zhihua","contributorId":105228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Zhihua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamsal, Aashis","contributorId":37255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamsal","given":"Aashis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157270,"text":"70157270 - 2015 - Approaches to modeling landscape-scale drought-induced forest mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:17:17","indexId":"70157270","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Approaches to modeling landscape-scale drought-induced forest mortality","docAbstract":"Drought stress is an important cause of tree mortality in forests, and drought-induced disturbance events are projected to become more common in the future due to climate change. Landscape Disturbance and Succession Models (LDSM) are becoming widely used to project climate change impacts on forests, including potential interactions with natural and anthropogenic disturbances, and to explore the efficacy of alternative management actions to mitigate negative consequences of global changes on forests and ecosystem services. Recent studies incorporating drought-mortality effects into LDSMs have projected significant potential changes in forest composition and carbon storage, largely due to differential impacts of drought on tree species and interactions with other disturbance agents. In this chapter, we review how drought affects forest ecosystems and the different ways drought effects have been modeled (both spatially and aspatially) in the past. Building on those efforts, we describe several approaches to modeling drought effects in LDSMs, discuss advantages and shortcomings of each, and include two case studies for illustration. The first approach features the use of empirically derived relationships between measures of drought and the loss of tree biomass to drought-induced mortality. The second uses deterministic rules of species mortality for given drought events to project changes in species composition and forest distribution. A third approach is more mechanistic, simulating growth reductions and death caused by water stress. Because modeling of drought effects in LDSMs is still in its infancy, and because drought is expected to play an increasingly important role in forest health, further development of modeling drought-forest dynamics is urgently needed.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Simulation modeling of forest landscape disturbances","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-19809-5","usgsCitation":"Gustafson, E., and Shinneman, D.J., 2015, Approaches to modeling landscape-scale drought-induced forest mortality, chap. of Simulation modeling of forest landscape disturbances, p. 45-71, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19809-5.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"45","endPage":"71","ipdsId":"IP-053550","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8ade4b04836416a0d1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustafson, Eric J.","contributorId":70196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"Eric J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137282,"text":"ds890 - 2015 - Lithostratigraphic, borehole-geophysical, hydrogeologic, and hydrochemical data from the East Bay Plain, Alameda County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-27T09:48:06","indexId":"ds890","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-24T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"890","title":"Lithostratigraphic, borehole-geophysical, hydrogeologic, and hydrochemical data from the East Bay Plain, Alameda County, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the East Bay Municipal Utility District, carried out an investigation of aquifer-system deformation associated with groundwater-level changes at the Bayside Groundwater Project near the modern San Francisco Bay shore in San Lorenzo, California. As a part of the Bayside Groundwater Project, East Bay Municipal Utility District proposed an aquifer storage and recovery program for 1 million gallons of water per day. The potential for aquifer-system compaction and expansion, and related subsidence, uplift, or both, resulting from aquifer storage and recovery activities were investigated and monitored in the Bayside Groundwater Project. In addition, baseline analysis of groundwater and substrata properties were performed to assess the potential effect of such activities. Chemical and physical data, obtained from the subsurface at four sites on the east side of San Francisco Bay in the San Lorenzo and San Leandro areas of the East Bay Plain, Alameda County, California, were collected during the study. The results of the study were provided to the East Bay Municipal Utility District and other agencies to evaluate the chemical and mechanical responses of aquifers underlying the East Bay Plain to the future injection and recovery of imported water from the Sierra Nevada of California.
\nAmong 4 sites, 14 piezometers and 2 extensometers were installed in 6 boreholes, which ranged in depth from 460 to 1,040 feet. The lithology of drill cuttings, collected at 5- or 10-foot intervals, was described for grain size and any other noticeable features, such as wood or shell fragments. Borehole geophysical logging was performed at each site in the deepest borehole, immediately following drilling.
\nDrill-core samples, totaling 284 feet, were collected at the Bayside site. The drill-core sediment was subsampled to determine pore-water chemistry, vertical hydraulic conductivity, and physical and mechanical properties at different depths. Depositional environment and age were determined by luminescence geochronology and fossil identification. The elemental composition of the drill-core sediments was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and instrumental neutron activation by abbreviated count analysis. Mineral composition was determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis.
\nGroundwater samples were collected from all 14 piezometers as part of either the USGS Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment or the USGS National Water Quality Assessment program for water-quality analyses. Sample analytes included nutrients, major and minor ions, trace elements, isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in water, carbon-14, and tritium.
\nWater-level and aquifer-system-compaction measurements, which indicated diurnal and seasonal fluctuations, were made at the Bayside Groundwater Project site. Slug tests were performed at the Bayside piezometers and nine pre-existing wells to estimate hydraulic conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds890","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the East Bay Municipal Utility District","usgsCitation":"Sneed, M., Orlando, P., Borchers, J.W., Everett, R., Solt, M., McGann, M., Lowers, H., and Mahan, S., 2015, Lithostratigraphic, borehole-geophysical, hydrogeologic, and hydrochemical data from the East Bay Plain, Alameda County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 890, viii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds890.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012259","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0890/ds890.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 890"},{"id":305937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0890/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.20916748046876,\n 37.62945956107554\n ],\n [\n -122.20916748046876,\n 37.70772645289049\n ],\n [\n -122.0416259765625,\n 37.70772645289049\n ],\n [\n -122.0416259765625,\n 37.62945956107554\n ],\n [\n -122.20916748046876,\n 37.62945956107554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, U.S. Geological Survey
\nCalifornia Water Science Center
\n6000 J Street, Placer Hall
\nSacramento, CA 95829
","tableOfContents":"The Alaska Peninsula is composed of the late Paleozoic to Quaternary sedimentary, igneous, and minor metamorphic rocks that record the history of a number of magmatic arcs. These magmatic arcs include an unnamed Late Triassic(?) and Early Jurassic island arc, the early Cenozoic Meshik arc, and the late Cenozoic Aleutian arc. Also found on the Alaska Peninsula is one of the most complete nonmetamorphosed, fossiliferous, marine Jurassic sedimentary sections known. As much as 8,500 m of section of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks record the growth and erosion of the Early Jurassic island arc.
\nA thinner, but still thick (as much as 5,400 m), sequence of Tertiary sedimentary rocks that are predominantly continental overlies the Mesozoic section. A brief regression in early Tertiary time on the Alaska Peninsula and granodiorite plutonism in the Shumagin, Semidi, and Sanak Islands was followed by deposition of fluvial and minor marine clastic strata. This was followed by deposition of transgressive marine clastic strata and initiation of the Meshik arc, shown by an areally extensive outpouring of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks and debris between late Eocene and earliest Miocene time. Late Miocene time was marked by another brief transgression and northwest- to southeast-directed compression, followed by renewed volcanism and plutonism which initiated the modern Aleutian magmatic arc.
\nExtensive glacial and glaciomarine deposits of late Pleistocene age create an extensive lowland physiographic province on the northwest side of the Alaska Peninsula and join isolated mountain masses to the Alaska Peninsula on the southwest. Multiple active volcanoes and volcanic peaks dominate the skyline of the Alaska Peninsula and represent the continuation of magmatic activity that has formed the Aleutian arc since late Miocene time.
\nThe Alaska Peninsula has had a long and involved history since Paleozoic time. We propose that the Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks that constitute much of the Alaska Peninsula be called the Alaska Peninsula terrane. Using the concept of subterranes, we divide the terrane into two distinct but tectonically related subterranes: the Chignik and Iliamna subterranes, which share a limited common geologic history. The Iliamna subterrane has served at most times as a source area for the Chignik subterrane; however, some rock units are in common across the subterranes. The Iliamna and Chignik subterranes are in part separated by the Bruin Bay fault system. The Iliamna subterrane is composed of moderately deformed early Mesozoic marine sedimentary and volcanic rocks and schist, gneiss, and marble of Paleozoic(?) and Mesozoic age, and plutonic rocks of the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith. Characteristic of the Chignik subterrane are little-deformed, shallow-marine to continental clastic sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Permian to latest Cretaceous. However, deep-marine, volcaniclastic, and calcareous rocks form important components of the older rocks in the subterrane.
\nThe two subterranes of the Alaska Peninsula terrane are characterized by radically different structural and metamorphic styles. The nonplutonic rocks of the Iliamna subterrane are characterized by metamorphism up to amphibolite-facies grade and intense folding. In the Chignik subterrane, the structural style is dominated by large, open, en echelon anticlinal structures, normal faulting, and thrust and high-angle reverse faults that have minor displacement in a northwest to southeast direction. In the Outer Shumagin and Sanak Islands, rocks assigned to the Chugach terrane are characterized structurally by tight, generally northeast-trending folds. Dips in these rocks tend to be steep, rarely less than 35°, and overturned beds are locally common.
\nThe boundaries separating the Alaska Peninsula terrane from other terranes are commonly indistinct or poorly defined. A few boundaries have been defined at major faults, although the extensions of these faults are speculative through some areas. The west side of the Alaska Peninsula terrane is overlapped by Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks and Quaternary deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/b1969B","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Detterman, R.L., and DuBois, G.D., 2015, Geologic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula terrane (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1969, Report: iii, 34 p.; 2 Plates: 57 x 44 inches and 31.5 x 32.77 inches; Digital Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1969B.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 34 p.; 2 Plates: 57 x 44 inches and 31.5 x 32.77 inches; Digital Data","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/b1969b.gif"},{"id":305962,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1969b/pdf/bul1969b_report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305963,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1969b/pdf/bul1969b_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":305961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1969b/"},{"id":305964,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1969b/pdf/bul1969b_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"200 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":305965,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/","text":"Digital Data","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"Digital data for the Geologic Framework of the Alaska Peninsula, Southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula Terrane is available in USGS Open-File Report 99-317"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.6318359375,\n 59.01794033995246\n ],\n [\n -153.193359375,\n 58.99531118795094\n ],\n [\n -154.7314453125,\n 57.77451753559619\n ],\n [\n -157.412109375,\n 56.24334992410525\n ],\n [\n -158.9501953125,\n 54.77534585936447\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 54.13669645687002\n ],\n [\n -163.9599609375,\n 54.13669645687002\n ],\n [\n -164.70703125,\n 55.00282580979323\n ],\n [\n -162.59765625,\n 55.92458580482951\n ],\n [\n -160.400390625,\n 56.511017504952136\n ],\n [\n -158.7744140625,\n 57.32652122521709\n ],\n [\n -157.85156249999997,\n 58.147518599073585\n ],\n [\n -157.6318359375,\n 59.01794033995246\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee1e4b0bc0bec09ed82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuBois, Gregory D.","contributorId":6824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155004,"text":"70155004 - 2015 - U.S. recreational water quality criteria: a vision for the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-24T10:14:54","indexId":"70155004","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-24T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2041,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. recreational water quality criteria: a vision for the future","docAbstract":"This manuscript evaluates the U.S. Recreational Water Quality Criteria (RWQC) of 2012, based upon discussions during a conference held 11–13 March 2013, in Honolulu, Hawaii. The RWQC of 2012 did not meet expectations among the research community because key recommended studies were not completed, new data to assess risks to bathers exposed to non-point sources of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were not developed, and the 2012 RWQC did not show marked improvements in strategies for assessing health risks for bathers using all types of recreational waters. The development of the 2012 RWQC was limited in scope because the epidemiologic studies at beach sites were restricted to beaches with point sources of pollution and water samples were monitored for only enterococci. The vision for the future is development of effective RWQC guidelines based on epidemiologic and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) studies for sewage specific markers, as well as human enteric pathogens so that health risks for bathers at all recreational waters can be determined. The 2012 RWQC introduced a program for states and tribes to develop site-specific water quality criteria, and in theory this approach can be used to address the limitations associated with the measurements of the traditional FIB.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI AG","doi":"10.3390/ijerph120707752","usgsCitation":"Fujioka, R.S., Solo-Gabriele, H.M., Byappanahalli, M.N., and Kirs, M., 2015, U.S. recreational water quality criteria: a vision for the future: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 7, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120707752.","startPage":"7752-7776","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064818","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120707752","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b353a9e4b09a3b01b5da82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujioka, Roger S.","contributorId":72679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujioka","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.","contributorId":16871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solo-Gabriele","given":"Helena","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. byappan@usgs.gov","contributorId":139462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara","email":"byappan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirs, Marek","contributorId":145537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirs","given":"Marek","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16143,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148549,"text":"sir20155081 - 2015 - Updated numerical model with uncertainty assessment of 1950-56 drought conditions on brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T07:19:36","indexId":"sir20155081","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-24T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5081","title":"Updated numerical model with uncertainty assessment of 1950-56 drought conditions on brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","docAbstract":"In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, began a study to assess the brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer (more specifically the potential for brackish-water encroachment into wells near the interface between the freshwater and brackish-water transition zones, referred to in this report as the transition-zone interface) and effects on spring discharge at Comal and San Marcos Springs under drought conditions using a numerical model. The quantitative targets of this study are to predict the effects of higher-than-average groundwater withdrawals from wells and drought-of-record rainfall conditions of 1950–56 on (1) dissolved-solids concentration changes at production wells near the transition-zone interface, (2) total spring discharge at Comal and San Marcos Springs, and (3) the groundwater head (head) at Bexar County index well J-17. The predictions of interest, and the parameters implemented into the model, were evaluated to quantify their uncertainty so the results of the predictions could be presented in terms of a 95-percent credible interval.
\nThe model area covers the San Antonio and Barton Springs segments of the Edwards aquifer; the history-matching effort was focused on the San Antonio segment. A previously developed diffuse-flow model of the Edwards aquifer, which forms the basis for the model in this assessment, is primarily based on a conceptualization in which flow in the aquifer is predominately through a network of numerous small fractures and openings. Primary updates to this model include an extension of the active area downdip, a conversion to an 8-layer SEAWAT variable-density flow and transport model to simulate dissolved-solids concentration effects on water density, history matching to 1999–2009 conditions, and parameter estimation in a highly parameterized context using automated methods in PEST (a model-independent Parameter ESTimation code).
\nIn addition to the best-fit parameter values derived from history matching, the uncertainty of model parameters was also estimated by using linear uncertainty analysis. Comparison of “prior” (before history matching) and “posterior” (after history matching) variances of parameters indicate that the information within the observation dataset used for history matching informs many parameters. The concentration threshold parameters were well-informed by the observation dataset as their posterior distributions were much narrower than their prior distributions. The transition-zone scaling parameters of hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity, and specific storage were all informed by the observation dataset, as evidenced by the difference between the prior and posterior variances. Saline-zone scaling parameters, alternatively, were not informed by the observation dataset for effective porosity and specific storage. Resulting posterior drier-month, wetter-month, and annual recharge multiplier parameter variances are important to understanding how well recharge is estimated and implemented within the model. The shifts of the posterior distributions left and right indicate that there were zones where less or more water was needed in the model. The widths of the distributions were not decreased substantially, indicating that many of the best-fit recharge parameters are not statistically different from the initial values specified in the history-matching effort. Recharge from rainfall is the driving force behind groundwater flow and heads in the aquifer; therefore, an increase in understanding of this process would benefit model development by potentially decreasing the uncertainty of this parameter. The history-matching effort was most helpful in informing the parameters in the model that control discharge at springs, namely, the spring orifice (drain) altitude and drain conductance parameters for each spring.
\nThe uncertainty assessment of the predictive model (a hypothetical recurrence of 1950–56 drought conditions and higher-than-average groundwater withdrawals from wells) provided insights into the potential effects of these conditions on dissolved-solids concentration changes at production wells near the transition-zone interface, discharges at Comal and San Marcos Springs, and heads at Bexar County index well J-17. Results at the 25 production wells near the transition-zone interface indicate that the uncertainty of model input parameters based on expert knowledge yielded an upper bound of the 95-percent credible interval of dissolved-solids concentrations that exceeds the secondary drinking water standards of 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for many wells. However, the history-matching process provided key information to inform prediction-sensitive model parameters and therefore, contributed to a substantial decrease of the upper bound of the 95-percent credible interval to below the secondary drinking water standards. Reductions in dissolved-solids concentration changes were on the order of 400 mg/L to 1,300 mg/L. The reduction in uncertainty in regards to this prediction implies that this prediction of dissolved-solids concentration change can be made with some certainty using this current model and that those parameters that control this prediction are informed by the observation dataset. Even though predictive uncertainty was reduced for this prediction, dissolved-solids concentration changes were still greater than zero, indicating a minimal increase in concentration at these 25 production wells during the 7-year simulation period is likely. However, this minimal concentration increase indicates a small potential for movement of the brackish-water transition zone near these wells during the 7-year simulation period of drought-ofrecord (1950–56) rainfall conditions with higher-than-average groundwater withdrawals by wells.
\nPredictive results of total spring discharge during the 7-year period, as well as head predictions at Bexar County index well J-17, were much different than the dissolved-solids concentration change results at the production wells. These upper bounds are an order of magnitude larger than the actual prediction which implies that (1) the predictions of total spring discharge at Comal and San Marcos Springs and head at Bexar County index well J-17 made with this model are not reliable, and (2) parameters that control these predictions are not informed well by the observation dataset during historymatching, even though the history-matching process yielded parameters to reproduce spring discharges and heads at these locations during the history-matching period. Furthermore, because spring discharges at these two springs and heads at Bexar County index well J-17 represent more of a cumulative effect of upstream conditions over a larger distance (and longer time), many more parameters (with their own uncertainties) are potentially controlling these predictions than the prediction of dissolved-solids concentration change at the prediction wells, and therefore contributing to a large posterior uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Brakefield, L., White, J., Houston, N.A., and Thomas, J.V., 2015, Updated numerical model with uncertainty assessment of 1950-56 drought conditions on brackish-water movement within the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5081, viii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155081.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056599","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5081/sir2015-5081.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5081/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.1181640625,\n 29.477861195816843\n ],\n [\n -98.173828125,\n 30.486550842588485\n ],\n [\n -97.9541015625,\n 30.562260950499414\n ],\n [\n -97.37182617187499,\n 29.44916482692468\n ],\n [\n -100.338134765625,\n 28.36240173523821\n ],\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 29.430029404571762\n ],\n [\n -101.1181640625,\n 29.477861195816843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8e0e4b0ebae89b78a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakefield, Linzy K. lbrake@usgs.gov","contributorId":145899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakefield","given":"Linzy K.","email":"lbrake@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. jwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70158910,"text":"70158910 - 2015 - From bacteria to elephants: Effects of land-use legacies on biodiversity and ecosystem structure in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem: Chapter 8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:17:58","indexId":"70158910","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"From bacteria to elephants: Effects of land-use legacies on biodiversity and ecosystem structure in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem: Chapter 8","docAbstract":"Generally, ecological research has considered the aboveground and belowground components of ecosystems separately. Consequently, frameworks for integrating the two components are not well developed. Integrating the microbial components into ecosystem ecology requires different approaches from those offered by plant ecology, partly because of the scales at which microbial processes operate and partly because of measurement constraints. Studies have begun to relate microbial community structure to ecosystem function. results suggest that excluding people and livestock from the MMNR, or preventing heavier livestock from grazing around settlements, may not change the general structure of the ecosystem (soils, plant structure), but can change the numbers and diversity of wildlife, nematodes and microbes in this ecosystem in subtle ways.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Serengeti IV: Sustaining biodiversity in a coupled human-natural system","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Chicago University Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226196336.001.0001","usgsCitation":"Verchot, L.V., Ward, N.L., Belnap, J., Bossio, D., Coughenour, M., Gibson, J., Hanotte, O., Muchiru, A.N., Phillips, S.L., Steven, B., Wall, D., and Reid, R.S., 2015, From bacteria to elephants: Effects of land-use legacies on biodiversity and ecosystem structure in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem: Chapter 8, chap. of Serengeti IV: Sustaining biodiversity in a coupled human-natural system, https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226196336.001.0001.","ipdsId":"IP-027934","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Serengeti-Mara ecosystem","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea2e4b006455f2d61dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verchot, Louis V.","contributorId":149075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verchot","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":17629,"text":"Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, Naomi L.","contributorId":149076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Naomi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17630,"text":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bossio, Deborah","contributorId":191284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bossio","given":"Deborah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coughenour, Michael","contributorId":191285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coughenour","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gibson, John","contributorId":191286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanotte, Olivier","contributorId":191287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanotte","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Muchiru, Andrew N.","contributorId":191288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muchiru","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Phillips, Susan L. 0000-0002-5891-8485 sue_phillips@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-8485","contributorId":717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Susan","email":"sue_phillips@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Steven, Blaire","contributorId":48470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steven","given":"Blaire","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wall, Diana H.","contributorId":189136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"Diana H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Reid, Robin S.","contributorId":191289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reid","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70174048,"text":"70174048 - 2015 - Performance of an anaerobic, static bed, fixed film bioreactor for chlorinated solvent treatment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T11:59:27","indexId":"70174048","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-23T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1003,"text":"Biodegradation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of an anaerobic, static bed, fixed film bioreactor for chlorinated solvent treatment","docAbstract":"Anaerobic, fixed film, bioreactors bioaugmented with a dechlorinating microbial consortium were evaluated as a potential technology for cost effective, sustainable, and reliable treatment of mixed chlorinated ethanes and ethenes in groundwater from a large groundwater recovery system. Bench- and pilot-scale testing at about 3 and 13,500 L, respectively, demonstrated that total chlorinated solvent removal to less than the permitted discharge limit of 100 μg/L. Various planned and unexpected upsets, interruptions, and changes demonstrated the robustness and reliability of the bioreactor system, which handled the operational variations with no observable change in performance. Key operating parameters included an adequately long hydraulic retention time for the surface area, a constant supply of electron donor, pH control with a buffer to minimize pH variance, an oxidation reduction potential of approximately −200 millivolts or lower, and a well-adapted biomass capable of degrading the full suite of chlorinated solvents in the groundwater. Results indicated that the current discharge criteria can be met using a bioreactor technology that is less complex and has less downtime than the sorption based technology currently being used to treat the groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10532-015-9738-1","collaboration":"U.S. Army, Aberdeen Proving Ground","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., Walker, C., and Graves, D., 2015, Performance of an anaerobic, static bed, fixed film bioreactor for chlorinated solvent treatment: Biodegradation, v. 26, no. 5, p. 341-357, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-015-9738-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"357","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066714","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576e59b2e4b07657d1a43c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Charles cwwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":172427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Charles","email":"cwwalker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graves, Duane","contributorId":172428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graves","given":"Duane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27037,"text":"Geosyntec Consultants, Inc., Knoxville, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159947,"text":"70159947 - 2015 - Richness, diversity, and similarity of arthropod prey consumed by a community of Hawaiian forest birds.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:05:50","indexId":"70159947","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-23T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-066","title":"Richness, diversity, and similarity of arthropod prey consumed by a community of Hawaiian forest birds.","docAbstract":"We evaluated the diet richness, diversity, and similarity of a community of seven endemic and two introduced passerine birds by analyzing the composition of arthropod prey in fecal samples collected during 1994–1998 at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai‘i Island. Most prey fragments were identified to order, but we also distinguished among morpho-species of Lepidoptera based on the shape of larval (caterpillar) mandibles for higher resolution of this important prey type. Diets were compared among feeding specialists, generalists, and “intermediate” species and among introduced and three endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper (Fringillidae) species. Lepidoptera (moths), especially the larval (caterpillar) stage, comprised the greatest proportion of prey in samples of all bird species except for the introduced Japanese white-eye (Zosterops japonicus; JAWE). Araneae (spiders) was the most abundant order in JAWE samples and the second most abundant order for most other species. The two specialist honeycreepers ranked lowest in the richness and diversity of arthropod orders, but only the ‘akiapōlā‘au (Hemignathus munroi, AKIP) was significantly lower than the three generalist or intermediate honeycreeper species. The diversity of arthropod orders was significantly lower for the three endangered honeycreeper species compared to the two introduced species. No significant differences were observed among the five honeycreepers with respect to the arthropod orders they consumed. The use of arthropod orders taken by endangered honeycreepers and introduced species was significantly different in all paired comparisons except for JAWE and ‘ākepa (Loxops coccineus; AKEP). In terms of richness and diversity of caterpillar morpho-species in the diet, only the specialist, AKEP, was significantly lower than all three generalist and intermediate species. Both AKEP and AKIP consumed a significantly different diet of caterpillar morpho-species compared to at least one honeycreeper generalist or intermediate species. Among the endangered honeycreepers and introduced species, the richness and diversity of caterpillar morpho-species was significantly lower only for AKEP compared to both introduced species. Significant differences were not observed between endangered and introduced species in the distribution of caterpillar morpho-species in the diet. Only three morpho-species were heavily exploited, with one being consumed by all bird species. The heavy exploitation of very few morpho-species by specialists underscored their greater vulnerability to changes in forest food webs and threats to key arthropod prey. When evaluated together with data on overlap in foraging behavior, our results could be useful in evaluating competition between bird species at Hakalau. Nevertheless, invasive parasitoid wasps may impact key caterpillar prey more substantially than do introduced birds, highlighting the need for additional research to understand the ecology of caterpillar species and their interactions with both invertebrate and vertebrate consumers. The severe decline of specialist bird species historically and recently is a reminder of the importance of maintaining food web resilience, potentially through vigorous habitat restoration, to withstand the continuing and perhaps increasing threats from a diverse array of invasive species and climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., Peck, R.W., Brinck, K., and Leonard, D., 2015, Richness, diversity, and similarity of arthropod prey consumed by a community of Hawaiian forest birds.: Technical Report HCSU-066, Report: iii, 38 p.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 38 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066651","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad70e4b05e859bdfbadd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Robert W.","contributorId":45629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinck, Kevin W. 0000-0001-7581-2482 kbrinck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-2482","contributorId":3847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinck","given":"Kevin W.","email":"kbrinck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leonard, David L.","contributorId":105191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"David L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148719,"text":"sim3336 - 2015 - Delineation of marsh types from Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, to Perdido Bay, Alabama, in 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-24T09:00:02","indexId":"sim3336","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-23T07:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3336","title":"Delineation of marsh types from Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, to Perdido Bay, Alabama, in 2010","docAbstract":"Coastal zone managers and researchers often require detailed information regarding emergent marsh vegetation types (that is, fresh, intermediate, brackish, and saline) for modeling habitat capacities and needs of marsh dependent taxa (such as waterfowl and alligator). Detailed information on the extent and distribution of emergent marsh vegetation types throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico coast has been historically unavailable. In response, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Gulf Coast Joint Venture, the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., and the Texas A&M University-Kingsville, produced a classification of emergent marsh vegetation types from Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, to Perdido Bay, Alabama.
\nThis study incorporates about 9,800 ground reference locations collected via helicopter surveys in coastal wetland areas. Decision-tree analyses were used to classify emergent marsh vegetation types by using ground reference data from helicopter vegetation surveys and independent variables such as multitemporal satellite-based multispectral imagery from 2009 to 2011, bare-earth digital elevation models based on airborne light detection and ranging (lidar), alternative contemporary land cover classifications, and other spatially explicit variables. Image objects were created from 2010 National Agriculture Imagery Program color-infrared aerial photography. The final classification is a 10-meter raster dataset that was produced by using a majority filter to classify image objects according to the marsh vegetation type covering the majority of each image object. The classification is dated 2010 because the year is both the midpoint of the classified multitemporal satellite-based imagery (2009–11) and the date of the high-resolution airborne imagery that was used to develop image objects. The seamless classification produced through this work can be used to help develop and refine conservation efforts for priority natural resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3336","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the Gulf Coast Joint Venture, the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., and Texas A&M University-Kingsville","usgsCitation":"Enwright, N.M., Hartley, S.B., Couvillion, B.R., Brasher, M.G., Visser, J.M., Mitchell, M.K., Ballard, B.M., Parr, M.W., and Wilson, B.C., 2015, Delineation of marsh types from Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, to Perdido Bay, Alabama, in 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3336, 1 sheet, scale 1:750,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3336.","productDescription":"Map: 52 x 38 inches; ReadMe; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064404","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3336/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305865,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3336/SIM_3336_Spatial_Data.zip","text":"Spatial Data"},{"id":305864,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3336/sim3336.pdf","text":"Map","size":"2.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3336"},{"id":305911,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3336/readME.txt","text":"ReadMe","size":"1.19 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Corpus Christi Bay, Perdido Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.80029296875,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -97.80029296875,\n 31.31610138349565\n ],\n [\n -87.34130859375,\n 31.31610138349565\n ],\n [\n -87.34130859375,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -97.80029296875,\n 26.941659545381516\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, National Wetlands Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506
http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) comprises a majority of green turtle stranding in Hawaii; however, green turtles in the Pacific are also susceptible to non-FP related causes of death. We present here necropsy findings from 230 free-ranging green turtles originating from Hawaii, the Mariana archipelago, Palmyra Atoll, American Samoa, and Johnston Atoll that died from non-FP related causes. Most turtles died from fishing-induced or boat strike trauma followed by infectious/inflammatory diseases, nutritional problems (mainly cachexia), and an array of physiologic problems. Infectious/inflammatory problems included bacterial diseases of the lungs, eyes, liver or intestines, spirorchid fluke infection, or polyarthritis of unknown origin. Likelihood of a successful diagnosis of cause of death was a function of post-mortem decomposition. Fibropapillomatosis was not seen in turtles submitted from outside Hawaii. The preponderance of anthropogenic causes of mortality offers some management opportunities to mitigate causes of death in these animals by, for example, implementing measures to decrease boating and fishing interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/dao02890","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Balazs, G.H., Summers, T.M., Hapdei, J.R., and Tagarino, A.P., 2015, Causes of mortality in green turtles from Hawaii and the insular Pacific exclusive of fibropapillomatosis: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 115, no. 2, p. 103-110, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02890.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060772","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbcae4b06a3ea36c8b06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balazs, George H.","contributorId":88195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balazs","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Summers, Tammy M.","contributorId":150150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Summers","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hapdei, Jessy R.","contributorId":150151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hapdei","given":"Jessy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tagarino, Alden P.","contributorId":150152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tagarino","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155990,"text":"70155990 - 2015 - Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:06:51","indexId":"70155990","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-23T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance","docAbstract":"Mountain glaciers comprise a small and widely distributed fraction of the world's terrestrial ice, yet their rapid losses presently drive a large percentage of the cryosphere's contribution to sea level rise. Regional mass balance assessments are challenging over large glacier populations due to remote and rugged geography, variable response of individual glaciers to climate change, and episodic calving losses from tidewater glaciers. In Alaska, we use airborne altimetry from 116 glaciers to estimate a regional mass balance of −75 ± 11 Gt yr−1 (1994–2013). Our glacier sample is spatially well distributed, yet pervasive variability in mass balances obscures geospatial and climatic relationships. However, for the first time, these data allow the partitioning of regional mass balance by glacier type. We find that tidewater glaciers are losing mass at substantially slower rates than other glaciers in Alaska and collectively contribute to only 6% of the regional mass loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064349","usgsCitation":"F, L.C., Burgess, E., Arendt, A., O’Neel, S., Johnson, A.J., and Kienholz, C., 2015, Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 14, p. 5902-5908, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064349.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5902","endPage":"5908","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065349","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.86328125,\n 53.04121304075649\n ],\n [\n -154.86328125,\n 62.87518837993309\n ],\n [\n -125.94726562499999,\n 62.87518837993309\n ],\n [\n -125.94726562499999,\n 53.04121304075649\n ],\n [\n -154.86328125,\n 53.04121304075649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cf112ce4b01487cbfc77c3","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015gl064349","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064349","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Larsen C. F., Burgess E., Arendt A. A., O'Neel S., Johnson A. 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J.","contributorId":146538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13097,"text":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kienholz, C.","contributorId":146539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kienholz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13097,"text":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70148688,"text":"70148688 - 2015 - Coastal plain pond water quality and mercury contend of biota of the Long Island Central Pine Barrens and Mashomack Preserve: Effects of atmospheric deposition and human development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T12:19:46","indexId":"70148688","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":133,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"15-01","title":"Coastal plain pond water quality and mercury contend of biota of the Long Island Central Pine Barrens and Mashomack Preserve: Effects of atmospheric deposition and human development","docAbstract":"Pine barrens are considered an imperiled ecosystem in the northeastern U.S. The Suffolk County Pine Barrens, once the second largest in the Northeast, were substantially reduced and fragmented by development during the 20th century. The coastal plain ponds being considered in this study occur in central Suffolk County within the Long Island Central Pine Barrens region. This highly unique natural environment, embedded with forests and woodlands, resulted from its glacial origins and a land use history that predates European colonization. Included in this study was The Nature Conservancy’s Mashomack Preserve, located on Shelter Island between Peconic Bay and Gardiner’s Bay. There are no freshwater ponds in the Mashomack Preserve, but this area was included with the Central Pine Barrens investigation, because Shelter Island has a similar geologic and land-use history that has resulted in a similarly unique low-nutrient forest and woodland ecosystem with extremely coarse-textured soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA)","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G.B., Siemion, J., and Lane, O.P., 2015, Coastal plain pond water quality and mercury contend of biota of the Long Island Central Pine Barrens and Mashomack Preserve: Effects of atmospheric deposition and human development: Report 15-01, vii, 66 p., appendixes.","productDescription":"vii, 66 p., appendixes","ipdsId":"IP-056134","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Central Pine Barrens, Mashomack Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.98492431640625,\n 40.65459689980922\n ],\n [\n -72.10739135742188,\n 40.65459689980922\n ],\n [\n -72.10739135742188,\n 41.275742324160106\n ],\n [\n -72.98492431640625,\n 41.275742324160106\n ],\n [\n -72.98492431640625,\n 40.65459689980922\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b0e4b0764e6c5e888f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siemion, Jason 0000-0001-5635-6469 jsiemion@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-6469","contributorId":127562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siemion","given":"Jason","email":"jsiemion@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, Oksana P.","contributorId":139997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"Oksana","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154755,"text":"70154755 - 2015 - In situ densimetric measurements as a surrogate for suspended-sediment concentrations in the Rio Puerco, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T16:02:19","indexId":"70154755","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"In situ densimetric measurements as a surrogate for suspended-sediment concentrations in the Rio Puerco, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Surrogate measurements of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) are increasingly used to provide continuous, high-resolution, and demonstrably accurate data at a reasonable cost. Densimetric data, calculated from the difference between two in situ pressure measurements, exploit variations in real-time streamflow densities to infer SSCs. Unlike other suspendedsediment surrogate technologies based on bulk or digital optics, laser, or hydroacoustics, the accuracy of SSC data estimated using the pressure-difference (also referred to as densimetric) surrogate technology theoretically improves with increasing SCCs. Coupled with streamflow data, continuous suspended-sediment discharges can be calculated using SSC data estimated in real-time using the densimetric technology.
The densimetric technology was evaluated at the Rio Puerco in New Mexico, a stream where SSC values regularly range from 10,000-200,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and have exceeded 500,000 mg/L. The constant-flow dual-orifice bubbler measures pressure using two precision pressure-transducer sensors at vertically aligned fixed locations in a water column. Water density is calculated from the temperature-compensated differential pressure and SSCs are inferred from the density data.
A linear regression model comparing density values to field-measured SSC values yielded an R² of 0.74. Although the application of the densimetric surrogate is likely limited to fluvial systems with SSCs larger than about 10,000 mg/L, based on this and previous studies, the densimetric technology fills a void for monitoring streams with high SSCs.
","conferenceTitle":"10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference / 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.E., Gray, J.R., and Hornewer, N.J., 2015, In situ densimetric measurements as a surrogate for suspended-sediment concentrations in the Rio Puerco, New Mexico, 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference / 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference, Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-062739","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Puerco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.95965576171875,\n 34.39331222316112\n ],\n [\n -106.81182861328125,\n 34.39331222316112\n ],\n [\n -106.81182861328125,\n 36.11125252076156\n ],\n [\n -108.95965576171875,\n 36.11125252076156\n ],\n [\n -108.95965576171875,\n 34.39331222316112\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b5e4b0e541a03c1a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Jeb E. 0000-0001-7671-2379 jebbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7671-2379","contributorId":4357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jeb","email":"jebbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornewer, Nancy J. njhornew@usgs.gov","contributorId":910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornewer","given":"Nancy","email":"njhornew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154971,"text":"70154971 - 2015 - Space use and habitat selection by resident and transient coyotes (Canis latrans)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T11:08:12","indexId":"70154971","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-22T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space use and habitat selection by resident and transient coyotes (Canis latrans)","docAbstract":"Little information exists on coyote (Canis latrans) space use and habitat selection in the southeastern United States and most studies conducted in the Southeast have been carried out within small study areas (e.g., ≤1,000 km2). Therefore, studying the placement, size, and habitat composition of coyote home ranges over broad geographic areas could provide relevant insights regarding how coyote populations adjust to regionally varying ecological conditions. Despite an increasing number of studies of coyote ecology, few studies have assessed the role of transiency as a life-history strategy among coyotes. During 2009–2011, we used GPS radio-telemetry to study coyote space use and habitat selection on the Albemarle Peninsula of northeastern North Carolina. We quantified space use and 2nd- and 3rd-order habitat selection for resident and transient coyotes to describe space use patterns in a predominantly agricultural landscape. The upper limit of coyote home-range size was approximately 47 km2 and coyotes exhibiting shifting patterns of space use of areas >65 km2 were transients. Transients exhibited localized space use patterns for short durations prior to establishing home ranges, which we defined as “biding” areas. Resident and transient coyotes demonstrated similar habitat selection, notably selection of agricultural over forested habitats. However, transients exhibited stronger selection for roads than resident coyotes. Although transient coyotes are less likely to contribute reproductively to their population, transiency may be an important life history trait that facilitates metapopulation dynamics through dispersal and the eventual replacement of breeding residents lost to mortality.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0132203","usgsCitation":"Hinton, J.W., van Manen, F.T., and Chamberlain, M.J., 2015, Space use and habitat selection by resident and transient coyotes (Canis latrans): PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 7, e0132203: 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132203.","productDescription":"e0132203: 17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058130","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132203","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.871337890625,\n 35.31064272673245\n ],\n [\n -76.871337890625,\n 36.00467348670187\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 36.00467348670187\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 35.31064272673245\n ],\n [\n -76.871337890625,\n 35.31064272673245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0b0a4e4b09a3b01b53072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinton, Joseph W","contributorId":145507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinton","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":16137,"text":"1Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chamberlain, Michael J","contributorId":145508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":16137,"text":"1Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155186,"text":"70155186 - 2015 - On the lognormality of historical magnetic-storm intensity statistics: Implications for extreme-event probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T16:54:53.959231","indexId":"70155186","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-22T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the lognormality of historical magnetic-storm intensity statistics: Implications for extreme-event probabilities","docAbstract":"An examination is made of the hypothesis that the statistics of magnetic storm maximum intensities are the realization of a lognormal stochastic process. Weighted least squares and maximum likelihood methods are used to fit lognormal functions to −Dst storm time maxima for years 1957–2012; bootstrap analysis is used to established confidence limits on forecasts. Both methods provide fits that are reasonably consistent with the data; both methods also provide fits that are superior to those that can be made with a power‐law function. In general, the maximum likelihood method provides forecasts having tighter confidence intervals than those provided by weighted least squares. From extrapolation of maximum likelihood fits: a magnetic storm with intensity exceeding that of the 1859 Carrington event, −Dst ≥ 850 nT, occurs about 1.13 times per century and a wide 95% confidence interval of [0.42, 2.41] times per century; a 100 year magnetic storm is identified as having a −Dst ≥ 880 nT (greater than Carrington) but a wide 95% confidence interval of [490, 1187] nT.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064842","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., Rigler, E.J., Pulkkinen, A., and Riley, P., 2015, On the lognormality of historical magnetic-storm intensity statistics: Implications for extreme-event probabilities: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 16, p. 6544-6553, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064842.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6544","endPage":"6553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066930","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064842","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090b4e4b033ef521042ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rigler, E. Joshua 0000-0003-4850-3953 erigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-3953","contributorId":4367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigler","given":"E.","email":"erigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joshua","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pulkkinen, Antti","contributorId":145703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pulkkinen","given":"Antti","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riley, Pete","contributorId":145704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Pete","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16202,"text":"Predictive Science Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70154961,"text":"70154961 - 2015 - Influence of hydrologic modifications on Fraxinus pennsylvanica in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-28T11:01:38","indexId":"70154961","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-22T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of hydrologic modifications on Fraxinus pennsylvanica in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA","docAbstract":"We used tree-ring analysis to examine radial growth response of a common, moderately flood-tolerant species (<i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i> Marshall) to hydrologic and climatic variability for > 40 years before and after hydrologic modifications affecting two forest stands in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (USA): a stand without levees below dams and a stand within a ring levee. At the stand without levees below dams, spring flood stages decreased and overall growth increased after dam construction, which we attribute to a reduction in flood stress. At the stand within a ring levee, growth responded to the elimination of overbank flooding by shifting from being positively correlated with river stage to not being correlated with river stage. In general, growth in swales was positively correlated with river stage and Palmer Drought Severity Index (an index of soil moisture) for longer periods than flats. Growth decreased after levee construction, but swales were less impacted than flats likely because of differences in elevation and soils provide higher soil moisture. Results of this study indicate that broad-scale hydrologic processes differ in their effects on the flood regime, and the effects on growth of moderately flood-tolerant species such as <i>F. pennsylvanica</i> can be mediated by local-scale factors such as topographic position, which affects soil moisture.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2015-0138","usgsCitation":"Gee, H.K., King, S.L., and Keim, R., 2015, Influence of hydrologic modifications on Fraxinus pennsylvanica in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 45, no. 10, p. 1397-1406, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0138.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1406","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050730","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Cocodrie National Wildlife Refuge, White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.834716796875,\n 31.31610138349565\n ],\n [\n -91.834716796875,\n 31.73050322928437\n ],\n [\n -91.38153076171875,\n 31.73050322928437\n ],\n [\n -91.38153076171875,\n 31.31610138349565\n ],\n [\n -91.834716796875,\n 31.31610138349565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 33.568861182555565\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 34.298068350990846\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 34.298068350990846\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 33.568861182555565\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 33.568861182555565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0b0a2e4b09a3b01b53070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gee, Hugo K.W.","contributorId":140925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gee","given":"Hugo","email":"","middleInitial":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keim, Richard F.","contributorId":21858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keim","given":"Richard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154953,"text":"70154953 - 2015 - Estimating wind-turbine-caused bird and bat fatality when zero carcasses are observed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T10:39:56","indexId":"70154953","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-22T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating wind-turbine-caused bird and bat fatality when zero carcasses are observed","docAbstract":"Many wind-power facilities in the United States have established effective monitoring programs to determine turbine-caused fatality rates of birds and bats, but estimating the number of fatalities of rare species poses special difficulties. The loss of even small numbers of individuals may adversely affect fragile populations, but typically, few (if any) carcasses are observed during monitoring. If monitoring design results in only a small proportion of carcasses detected, then finding zero carcasses may give little assurance that the number of actual fatalities is small. Fatality monitoring at wind-power facilities commonly involves conducting experiments to estimate the probability (g) an individual will be observed, accounting for the possibilities that it falls in an unsearched area, is scavenged prior to detection, or remains undetected even when present. When g < 1, the total carcass count (X) underestimates the total number of fatalities (M). Total counts can be 0 when M is small or when M is large and g ≪1. Distinguishing these two cases is critical when estimating fatality of a rare species. Observing no individuals during searches may erroneously be interpreted as evidence of absence. We present an approach that uses Bayes' theorem to construct a posterior distribution for M, i.e., P(M | X, ĝ), reflecting the observed carcass count and previously estimated g. From this distribution, we calculate two values important to conservation: the probability that M is below a predetermined limit and the upper bound (M*) of the 100(1 − α)% credible interval for M. We investigate the dependence of M* on α, g, and the prior distribution of M, asking what value of g is required to attain a desired M* for a given α. We found that when g < ~0.15, M* was clearly influenced by the mean and variance of ĝ and the choice of prior distribution for M, but the influence of these factors is minimal when g > ~0.45. Further, we develop extensions for temporal replication that can inform prior distributions of M and methods for combining information across several areas or time periods. We apply the method to data collected at a wind-power facility where scheduled searches yielded X = 0 raptor carcasses
Better understanding the influence of precipitation and temperature on plant assemblages is needed to predict the effects of climate change. Many studies have examined the relationship between plant productivity and weather (primarily precipitation), but few have directly assessed the relationship between plant richness or diversity and weather despite their increased use as metrics of ecosystem condition. We focus on the grasslands of central North America, which are characterized by high temporal climatic variability. Over the next 100 years, these grasslands are predicted to experience further increased variability in growing season precipitation, as well as increased temperatures, due to global climate change. We assess 1) the portion of interannual variability of richness and diversity explained by weather, 2) how relationships between these metrics and weather vary among plant assemblages, and 3) which aspects of weather best explain temporal variability. We used an information-theoretic approach to assess relationships between long-term plant richness and diversity patterns and a priori weather covariates using six datasets from four grasslands. Weather explained up to 49% and 63% of interannual variability in total plant species richness and diversity, respectively. However, richness and diversity responses to specific weather variables varied both among sites and among experimental treatments within sites. In general, we found many instances in which temperature was of equal or greater importance as precipitation, as well as evidence of the importance of lagged effects and precipitation or temperature variability. Although precipitation has been shown to be a key driver of productivity in grasslands, our results indicate that increasing temperatures alone, without substantial changes in precipitation patterns, could have measurable effects on Great Plains grassland plant assemblages and biodiversity metrics. Our results also suggest that richness and diversity will respond in unique ways to changing climate and management can affect these responses; additional research and monitoring will be essential for further understanding of these complex relationships.
Read More: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/14-1989.1