We examined how climatic regime shifts may have affected predation rates on juvenile Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis, also called northern pikeminnow), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) in the Columbia River. During 1933-1996, oceanic, coastal, and freshwater indices of climate were highly correlated, and an index for the Columbia River Basin suggested that climate shifts may have occurred about 1946, 1958, 1969, and 1977. Summer water temperature varied as much as 2??C between climate periods. We used a bioenergetics model for northern squawfish, the most important piscivore, to predict that predation on salmonids would have been 26-31% higher during two periods with relatively warm spring-summer water temperatures (1933-1946, 1978-1996) than during an extremely cold period (1947-1958). Predicted predation rates of northern squawfish were 68-96% higher in the warmest year compared with the coldest year. Predation rates of smallmouth bass and walleye on juvenile salmonids varied among climate periods similar to rates predicted for northern squawfish. Climatic effects need to be understood in both freshwater and nearshore marine habitats, since growth rates of salmon populations are especially sensitive to mortality during early life stages.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-58-9-1831","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., and Kitchell, J., 2001, Climate regimes and water temperature changes in the Columbia River: bioenergetic implications for predators of juvenile salmon: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 58, no. 9, p. 1831-1841, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-58-9-1831.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1831","endPage":"1841","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-58-9-1831"}],"country":"United States; Canada","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.0576171875,\n 46.45299704748289\n ],\n [\n -122.62939453125001,\n 46.90524554642923\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 48.96579381461063\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 49.52520834197442\n ],\n [\n -120.10253906249999,\n 50.875311142200765\n ],\n [\n -118.71826171875,\n 50.88917404890332\n ],\n [\n -117.53173828125,\n 50.98609893339354\n ],\n [\n -116.56494140625001,\n 50.331436330838834\n ],\n [\n -115.53222656249999,\n 48.93693495409401\n ],\n [\n -113.35693359375,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -113.0712890625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -113.44482421875,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -111.33544921874999,\n 44.63739123445585\n ],\n [\n -110.21484375,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -112.17041015625,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -113.3349609375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -115.24658203125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -116.8505859375,\n 41.475660200278234\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -123.77197265625,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -123.59619140625001,\n 45.413876460821086\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -124.0576171875,\n 46.45299704748289\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f653e4b0c8380cd4c6c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitchell, J.F.","contributorId":33259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchell","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023018,"text":"70023018 - 2001 - Association of amphibians with attenuation of ultraviolet-b radiation in montane ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T13:55:50","indexId":"70023018","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of amphibians with attenuation of ultraviolet-b radiation in montane ponds","docAbstract":"Ambient ultraviolet-b (UV-B) radiation (280–320 nm) has increased at north-temperate latitudes in the last two decades. UV-B can be detrimental to amphibians, and amphibians have shown declines in some areas during this same period. We documented the distribution of amphibians and salmonids in 42 remote, subalpine and alpine ponds in Olympic National Park, Washington, United States. We inferred relative exposure of amphibian habitats to UV-B by estimating the transmission of 305- and 320-nm radiation in pond water. We found breeding Ambystoma gracile, A. macrodactylum and Rana cascadae at 33%, 31%, and 45% of the study sites, respectively. Most R. cascadae bred in fishless shallow ponds with relatively low transmission of UV-B. The relationship with UV-B exposure remained marginally significant even after the presence of fish was included in the model. At 50 cm water depth, there was a 55% reduction in incident 305-nm radiation at sites where breeding populations of R. cascadae were detected compared to other sites. We did not detect associations between UV-B transmission and A. gracile or A. macrodactylum. Our field surveys do not provide evidence for decline of R. cascadae in Olympic National Park as has been documented in Northern California, but are consistent with the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of R. cascadae breeding sites is influenced by exposure to UV-B. Substrate or pond depth could also be related to the distribution of R. cascadae in Olympic National Park.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004420100688","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Schindler, D.E., and Bury, R.B., 2001, Association of amphibians with attenuation of ultraviolet-b radiation in montane ponds: Oecologia, v. 128, no. 4, p. 519-525, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100688.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"525","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee90e4b0c8380cd49e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schindler, Daniel E.","contributorId":83485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023019,"text":"70023019 - 2001 - Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T20:49:30","indexId":"70023019","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest","docAbstract":"Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (soil respiration), net CO2 exchange after photosynthetic uptake by ground-cover plants, and soil CO2 concentration versus depth below land surface were measured at four ages of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest in central Saskatchewan. Soil respiration was smallest at a clear-cut site, largest in an 8-year-old stand, and decreased with stand age in 20-year-old and mature (60-75 years old) stands during May-September 1994 (12.1, 34.6, 31.5, and 24.9 mol C??m-2, respectively). Simulations of soil respiration at each stand based on continuously recorded soil temperature were within one standard deviation of measured flux for 48 of 52 measurement periods, but were 10%-30% less than linear interpolations of measured flux for the season. This was probably due to decreased soil respiration at night modeled by the temperature-flux relationships, but not documented by daytime chamber measurements. CO2 uptake by ground-cover plants ranged from 0 at the clear-cut site to 29, 25, and 9% of total growing season soil respiration at the 8-year, 20-year, and mature stands. CO2 concentrations were as great as 7150 ppmv in the upper 1 m of unsaturated zone and were proportional to measured soil respiration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-31-9-1540","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., and Wickland, K., 2001, Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 1540-1550, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-31-9-1540.","startPage":"1540","endPage":"1550","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208049,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-31-9-1540"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9217e4b08c986b319cc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wickland, K.P. 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":10786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023020,"text":"70023020 - 2001 - GPS constraints on M 7-8 earthquake recurrence times for the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T17:53:06.235124","indexId":"70023020","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GPS constraints on M 7-8 earthquake recurrence times for the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"Newman et al. (1999) estimate the time interval between the 1811–1812 earthquake sequence near New Madrid, Missouri and a future similar sequence to be at least 2,500 years, an interval significantly longer than other recently published estimates. To calculate the recurrence time, they assume that slip on a vertical half-plane at depth contributes to the current interseismic motion of GPS benchmarks. Compared to other plausible fault models, the half-plane model gives nearly the maximum rate of ground motion for the same interseismic slip rate. Alternative models with smaller interseismic fault slip area can satisfy the present GPS data by having higher slip rate and thus can have earthquake recurrence times much less than 2,500 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.72.6.745","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Stuart, W., 2001, GPS constraints on M 7-8 earthquake recurrence times for the New Madrid seismic zone: Seismological Research Letters, v. 72, no. 6, p. 745-753, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.6.745.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"753","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233433,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid Seismic Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.10571159863278,\n 37.930112297279265\n ],\n [\n -92.10571159863278,\n 34.99238193834901\n ],\n [\n -87.13148510603605,\n 34.99238193834901\n ],\n [\n -87.13148510603605,\n 37.930112297279265\n ],\n [\n -92.10571159863278,\n 37.930112297279265\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a147ae4b0c8380cd54a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart, W.D.","contributorId":65865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023025,"text":"70023025 - 2001 - An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Republican River Basin: 1997-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:05:44","indexId":"70023025","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Republican River Basin: 1997-1999","docAbstract":"The Republican River Basin of Colorado,Nebraska, and Kansas lies in a valley which contains PierreShale as part of its geological substrata. Selenium is anindigenous constituent in the shale and is readily leached intosurrounding groundwater. The Basin is heavily irrigated throughthe pumping of groundwater, some of which is selenium-contaminated, onto fields in agricultural production. Water,sediment, benthic invertebrates, and/or fish were collected from46 sites in the Basin and were analyzed for selenium to determinethe potential for food-chain bioaccumulation, dietary toxicity,and reproductive effects of selenium in biota. Resultingselenium concentrations were compared to published guidelines orbiological effects thresholds. Water from 38% of the sites (n = 18) contained selenium concentrations exceeding 5 μg L-1, which is reported to be a high hazard for selenium accumulation into the planktonic food chain. An additional 12 sites (26% of the sites) contained selenium in water between 3–5 μg L-1, constituting a moderate hazard. Selenium concentrations in sedimentindicated little to no hazard for selenium accumulation fromsediments into the benthic food chain. Ninety-five percent ofbenthic invertebrates collected exhibited selenium concentrationsexceeding 3 μg g-1, a level reported as potentially lethal to fish and birds that consume them. Seventy-five percent of fish collected in 1997, 90% in 1998, and 64% in 1999 exceeded 4 μg g-1selenium, indicating a high potential for toxicity andreproductive effects. However, examination of weight profilesof various species of collected individual fish suggestedsuccessful recruitment in spite of selenium concentrations thatexceeded published biological effects thresholds for health andreproductive success. This finding suggested that universalapplication of published guidelines for selenium may beinappropriate or at least may need refinement for systems similarto the Republican River Basin. Additional research is needed todetermine the true impact of selenium on fish and wildliferesources in the Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012041003657","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"May, T., Walther, M., Petty, J.D., Fairchild, J., Lucero, J., Delvaux, M., Manring, J., Armbruster, M., and Hartman, D., 2001, An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Republican River Basin: 1997-1999: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 72, no. 2, p. 179-206, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012041003657.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208106,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012041003657"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea51e4b0c8380cd4879d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walther, M.J.","contributorId":107941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walther","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lucero, J.","contributorId":22157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucero","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Delvaux, M.","contributorId":94866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delvaux","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Manring, J.","contributorId":11418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manring","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Armbruster, M.","contributorId":76554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hartman, D.","contributorId":46369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70023027,"text":"70023027 - 2001 - A model for lignin alteration - Part I: A kinetic reaction-network model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023027","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for lignin alteration - Part I: A kinetic reaction-network model","docAbstract":"A new quantitative model is presented which simulates the maturation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter under geologic conditions. In this model, compositionally specific reactants evolve to specific intermediate and mobile products through balanced, nth order processes, by way of a network of sequential and parallel reactions. The chemical kinetic approach is based primarily on published observed structural transformations of naturally matured, lignin-derived, sedimentary organic matter. Assuming that Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork coal in the Piceance Basin is primarily lignin-derived, the model is calibrated for the Multi-Well Experiment(MWX) Site in this basin. This kind of approach may be applied to other selectively preserved chemical components of sedimentary organic matter. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00080-8","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Payne, D., and Ortoleva, P., 2001, A model for lignin alteration - Part I: A kinetic reaction-network model: Organic Geochemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1073-1085, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00080-8.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1085","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00080-8"},{"id":233585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46ae4b0c8380cd4664c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, D.F.","contributorId":15232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortoleva, P.J.","contributorId":59992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortoleva","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023028,"text":"70023028 - 2001 - Geochemical evidence for mudstone as the possible major oil source rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023028","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for mudstone as the possible major oil source rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China","docAbstract":"Geologists and geochemists have debated whether hydrocarbons from Jurassic coal measures are derived from the mudstones or the coals themselves. This paper identifies mudstones as the possible major source rock of hydrocarbons in the Jurassic basins in Northwest China. The Turpan Basin is used as a representative model. Mudstones in the Middle-Lower Jurassic are very well developed in the basin and have an average genetic potential from 2 to 4 mg/g. The vitrinite reflectance of the source rocks ranges from 0.6 to 1.3%, exhibiting sufficient thermal maturity to generate oil and gas. Biomarkers in crude oils from the basin are similar to those in mudstones from the coal-bearing strata, with a low tricyclic terpane (cheilanthane) content, a relatively high content of low carbon number (less than C22) tricyclic terpanes and a low content of high carbon number tricyclic terpanes, relatively high ratios of Ts/Tm, and C29 Ts/17?? (H)-C29 norhopane, and low ratios of Tm/17?? (H)-C30 hopane and 17?? (H)-C31 homohopane/17?? (H)-C30 hopane. These characteristics and the distribution of steranes and terpanes in the crude oil and mudstone differ significantly from those of the Jurassic coals and carbonaceous shales of the basin, indicating mudstone is possibly the major source rock of the oils in the Turpan Basin. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00076-6","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., Qin, Y., Huff, B., Wang, D., Han, D., and Huang, D., 2001, Geochemical evidence for mudstone as the possible major oil source rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China: Organic Geochemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1103-1125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00076-6.","startPage":"1103","endPage":"1125","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00076-6"},{"id":233619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1630e4b0c8380cd550a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, J.","contributorId":104634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qin, Yelun","contributorId":51569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qin","given":"Yelun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huff, B.G.","contributorId":84228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, D.","contributorId":13384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Han, D.","contributorId":23740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huang, D.","contributorId":46845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70023036,"text":"70023036 - 2001 - A model for lignin alteration - Part II: Numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023036","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for lignin alteration - Part II: Numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado","docAbstract":"The model presented here simulates a network of parallel and sequential reactions that describe the structural and chemical transformation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter (SOM) and the resulting generation of mobile species from shallow burial to approximately low-volatile bituminous rank. The model is calibrated to the Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork Formation coal of the Piceance Basin at the Multi-Well Experiment (MWX) Site, assuming this coal is largely derived from lignin. The model calculates the content of functional groups on the residual molecular species, C, H, and O elemental weight percents of the residual species, and moles of residual molecular species and mobile species (including components of natural gas) through time. The model is generally more sensitive to initial molecular structure of the lignin-derived molecule and the H2O content of the system than to initial temperature, as the former affect the fundamental reaction paths. The model is used to estimate that a total of 314 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of methane is generated by the Williams Fork coal over the basin history. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00081-X","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Payne, D., and Ortoleva, P., 2001, A model for lignin alteration - Part II: Numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado: Organic Geochemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1087-1101, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00081-X.","startPage":"1087","endPage":"1101","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208192,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00081-X"},{"id":233730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46ae4b0c8380cd4664f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, D.F.","contributorId":15232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortoleva, P.J.","contributorId":59992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortoleva","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023040,"text":"70023040 - 2001 - River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023040","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","docAbstract":"An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit for transport of water to the outlet in a large basin. Mass exponents, which characterize the power-law behavior of moments as a function of scale, are ideally suited for defining scaling behavior of processes that exhibit a high degree of variability or intermittency. The main result in this paper is an expression relating the mass exponent of flow resulting from an instantaneous burst of rainfall to the mass exponents of spatial rainfall and that of the network width function. Spatial rainfall is modeled as a random multiplicative cascade and the channel network as a recursive replacement tree; these fractal models reproduce certain types of self-similar behavior seen in actual rainfall and networks. It is shown that under these modeling assumptions the scaling behavior of flow mirrors that of rainfall if rainfall is highly variable in space, and on the other hand flow mirrors the structure of the network if rainfall is not so highly variable. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., and Over, T., 2001, River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall: Advances in Water Resources, v. 24, no. 9-10, p. 967-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8.","startPage":"967","endPage":"989","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208222,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8"},{"id":233805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadaee4b0c8380cd86f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Over, T.M.","contributorId":35918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023042,"text":"70023042 - 2001 - 1D numerical model of muddy subaqueous and subaerial debris flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70023042","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"1D numerical model of muddy subaqueous and subaerial debris flows","docAbstract":"A 1D numerical model of the downslope flow and deposition of muddy subaerial and subaqueous debris flows is presented. The model incorporates the Herschel-Bulkley and bilinear rheologies of viscoplastic fluid. The more familiar Bingham model is integrated into the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model. The conservation equations of mass and momentum of single-phase laminar debris flow are layer-integrated using the slender flow approximation. They are then expressed in a Lagrangian framework and solved numerically using an explicit finite difference scheme. Starting from a given initial shape, a debris flow is allowed to collapse and propagate over a specified topography. Comparison between the model predictions and laboratory experiments shows reasonable agreement. The model is used to study the effect of the ambient fluid density, initial shape of the failed mass, and rheological model on the simulated propagation of the front and runout characteristics of muddy debris flows. It is found that initial failure shape influence the front velocity but has little bearing on the final deposit shape. In the Bingham model, the excess of shear stress above the yield strength is proportional to the strain rate to the first power. This exponent is free to vary in the Herschel-Bulkley model. When it is set at a value lower than unity, the resulting final deposits are thicker and shorter than in the case of the Bingham rheology. The final deposit resulting from the bilinear model is longer and thinner than that from the Bingham model due to the fact that the debris flow is allowed to act as a Newtonian fluid at low shear rate in the bilinear model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(959)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Imran, J., Parker, G., Locat, J., and Lee, H., 2001, 1D numerical model of muddy subaqueous and subaerial debris flows: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 127, no. 11, p. 959-968, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(959).","startPage":"959","endPage":"968","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(959)"}],"volume":"127","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e242e4b0c8380cd45a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imran, J.","contributorId":44322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imran","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locat, J.","contributorId":56392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023049,"text":"70023049 - 2001 - Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T17:57:49.126068","indexId":"70023049","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results","docAbstract":"The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) investigation on Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is aimed at determining (1) the composition of surface minerals, rocks, and ices; (2) the temperature and dynamics of the atmosphere; (3) the properties of the atmospheric aerosols and clouds; (4) the nature of the polar regions; and (5) the thermophysical properties of the surface materials. These objectives are met using an infrared (5.8- to 50-μm) interferometric spectrometer, along with broadband thermal (5.1- to 150-μm) and visible/near-IR (0.3- to 2.9-μm) radiometers. The MGS TES instrument weighs 14.47 kg, consumes 10.6 W when operating, and is 23.6×35.5×40.0 cm in size. The TES data are calibrated to a 1-σ precision of 2.5−6×10−8 W cm−2 sr−1/cm−1, 1.6×10−6 W cm−2 sr−1, and ∼0.5 K in the spectrometer, visible/near-IR bolometer, and IR bolometer, respectively. These instrument subsections are calibrated to an absolute accuracy of ∼4×10−8 W cm−2 sr−1/cm−1 (0.5 K at 280 K), 1–2%, and ∼1–2 K, respectively. Global mapping of surface mineralogy at a spatial resolution of 3 km has shown the following: (1) The mineralogic composition of dark regions varies from basaltic, primarily plagioclase feldspar and clinopyroxene, in the ancient, southern highlands to andesitic, dominated by plagioclase feldspar and volcanic glass, in the younger northern plains. (2) Aqueous mineralization has produced gray, crystalline hematite in limited regions under ambient or hydrothermal conditions; these deposits are interpreted to be in-place sedimentary rock formations and indicate that liquid water was stable near the surface for a long period of time. (3) There is no evidence for large-scale (tens of kilometers) occurrences of moderate-grained (>50-μm) carbonates exposed at the surface at a detection limit of ∼10%. (4) Unweathered volcanic minerals dominate the spectral properties of dark regions, and weathering products, such as clays, have not been observed anywhere above a detection limit of ∼10%; this lack of evidence for chemical weathering indicates a geologic history dominated by a cold, dry climate in which mechanical, rather than chemical, weathering was the significant form of erosion and sediment production. (5) There is no conclusive evidence for sulfate minerals at a detection limit of ∼15%. The polar region has been studied with the following major conclusions: (1) Condensed CO2 has three distinct end-members, from fine-grained crystals to slab ice. (2) The growth and retreat of the polar caps observed by MGS is virtually the same as observed by Viking 12 Martian years ago. (3) Unique regions have been identified that appear to differ primarily in the grain size of CO2; one south polar region appears to remain as black slab CO2 ice throughout its sublimation. (4) Regional atmospheric dust is common in localized and regional dust storms around the margin and interior of the southern cap. Analysis of the thermophysical properties of the surface shows that (1) the spatial pattern of albedo has changed since Viking observations, (2) a unique cluster of surface materials with intermediate inertia and albedo occurs that is distinct from the previously identified low-inertia/bright and high-inertia/dark surfaces, and (3) localized patches of high-inertia material have been found in topographic lows and may have been formed by a unique set of aeolian, fluvial, or erosional processes or may be exposed bedrock.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001370","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Christensen, P.R., Bandfield, J., Hamilton, V., Ruff, S.W., Kieffer, H.H., Titus, T., Malin, M.C., Morris, R., Lane, M.D., Clark, R., Jakosky, B., Mellon, M.T., Pearl, J., Conrath, B., Smith, M.D., Clancy, R., Kuzmin, R., Roush, T., Mehall, G., Gorelick, N., Bender, K., Murray, K., Dason, S., Greene, E., Silverman, S., and Greenfield, M., 2001, Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E10, p. 23823-23871, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001370.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"23823","endPage":"23871","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"106","issue":"E10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a520fe4b0c8380cd6c11d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandfield, J. L.","contributorId":59990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, V.E.","contributorId":92024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Titus, T.N.","contributorId":102615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lane, M. D.","contributorId":94826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, R.L.","contributorId":106767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jakosky, B. M.","contributorId":103003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakosky","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mellon, M. T.","contributorId":82833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pearl, J.C.","contributorId":45074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Conrath, B.J.","contributorId":34286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrath","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Clancy, R.T.","contributorId":61595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clancy","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.O.","contributorId":14932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Roush, T.","contributorId":76445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Mehall, G.L.","contributorId":9435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehall","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Gorelick, N.","contributorId":78131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Bender, K.","contributorId":105483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Murray, K.","contributorId":69792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Dason, S.","contributorId":33997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dason","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Greene, E.","contributorId":19852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Silverman, S.","contributorId":17231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Greenfield, M.","contributorId":19853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenfield","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70023050,"text":"70023050 - 2001 - Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:58:34","indexId":"70023050","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades","docAbstract":"Negatively charged functional groups of fulvic acid compete with inorganic sulfide ion for mercury ion binding. This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid. Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant to quantify fulvic acid and sulfide ion competition for dissolved inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) ion binding. Speciation calculations done with PHREEQC, modified to use the estimated mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant, suggest that mercury-fulvic acid and mercury-sulfide complex concentrations are equivalent for very low sulfide ion concentrations (about 10-11 M) in Everglades' surface water. Where measurable total sulfide concentration (about 10-7 M or greater) is present in Everglades' surface water, mercury-sulfide complexes should dominate dissolved inorganic mercury solution speciation. In the absence of sulfide ion (for example, in oxygenated Everglades' surface water), fulvic acid binding should dominate Everglades' dissolved inorganic mercury speciation.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012073503678","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M.M., and Aiken, G., 2001, Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 132, no. 1-2, p. 89-104, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012073503678.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8756103515625,\n 25.08062377244484\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 25.08062377244484\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 26.377106813670053\n ],\n [\n -81.8756103515625,\n 26.377106813670053\n ],\n [\n -81.8756103515625,\n 25.08062377244484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a140ee4b0c8380cd548ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":209531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023053,"text":"70023053 - 2001 - Forest impact estimated with NOAA AVHRR and landsat TM data related to an empirical hurricane wind-field distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023053","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest impact estimated with NOAA AVHRR and landsat TM data related to an empirical hurricane wind-field distribution","docAbstract":"An empirical model was used to relate forest type and hurricane-impact distribution with wind speed and duration to explain the variation of hurricane damage among forest types along the Atchafalaya River basin of coastal Louisiana. Forest-type distribution was derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper image data, hurricane-impact distribution from a suite of transformed advanced very high resolution radiometer images, and wind speed and duration from a wind-field model. The empirical model explained 73%, 84%, and 87% of the impact variances for open, hardwood, and cypress-tupelo forests, respectively. These results showed that the estimated impact for each forest type was highly related to the duration and speed of extreme winds associated with Hurricane Andrew in 1992. The wind-field model projected that the highest wind speeds were in the southern basin, dominated by cypress-tupelo and open forests, while lower wind speeds were in the northern basin, dominated by hardwood forests. This evidence could explain why, on average, the impact to cypress-tupelos was more severe than to hardwoods, even though cypress-tupelos are less susceptible to wind damage. Further, examination of the relative importance of wind speed in explaining the impact severity to each forest type showed that the impact to hardwood forests was mainly related to tropical-depression to tropical-storm force wind speeds. Impacts to cypress-tupelo and open forests (a mixture of willows and cypress-tupelo) were broadly related to tropical-storm force wind speeds and by wind speeds near and somewhat in excess of hurricane force. Decoupling the importance of duration from speed in explaining the impact severity to the forests could not be fully realized. Most evidence, however, hinted that impact severity was positively related to higher durations at critical wind speeds. Wind-speed intervals, which were important in explaining the impact severity on hardwoods, showed that higher durations, but not the highest wind speeds, were concentrated in the northern basin, dominated by hardwoods. The extreme impacts associated with the cypress-tupelo forests in the southeast corner of the basin intersected the highest durations as well as the highest wind speeds. ?? 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00217-6","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Hodgson, M., Sapkota, S., and Nelson, G., 2001, Forest impact estimated with NOAA AVHRR and landsat TM data related to an empirical hurricane wind-field distribution: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 77, no. 3, p. 279-292, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00217-6.","startPage":"279","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00217-6"},{"id":233469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1333e4b0c8380cd54568","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgson, M.E.","contributorId":21032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapkota, S.K.","contributorId":24434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, G.A.","contributorId":17687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023054,"text":"70023054 - 2001 - Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:14:56","indexId":"70023054","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures","docAbstract":"Laboratory experiments were conducted to study solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated, inclined fractures. Qualitative aspects of solute transport were identified in a miscible dye tracer experiment conducted in a transparent replica of a natural granite fracture. Additional experiments were conducted to measure the breakthrough curves of a conservative tracer introduced into an established preferential flow path in two different fracture replicas and a rock‐replica combination. The influence of gravity was investigated by varying fracture inclination. The relationship between the travel times of the solute and the relative influence of gravity was substantially affected by two modes of intermittent flow that occurred: the snapping rivulet and the pulsating blob modes. The measured travel times of the solute were evaluated with three transfer function models: the axial dispersion, the reactors‐in‐series, and the lognormal models. The three models described the solute travel times nearly equally well. A mechanistic model was also formulated to describe transport when the pulsating blob mode occurred which assumed blobs of water containing solute mixed with residual pools of water along the flow path.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR000093","usgsCitation":"Su, G.W., Geller, J.T., Pruess, K., and Hunt, J.R., 2001, Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 10, p. 2481-2491, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR000093.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2481","endPage":"2491","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr000093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9254e4b08c986b319e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Grace W.","contributorId":145734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Su","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geller, Jil T.","contributorId":124590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geller","given":"Jil","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruess, Karsten","contributorId":145732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruess","given":"Karsten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, James R.","contributorId":150613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023056,"text":"70023056 - 2001 - Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T17:57:31","indexId":"70023056","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska","docAbstract":"Wolves (Canis lupus) were captured in three areas of Interior Alaska (USA). Four hundred twenty-five sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus by means of an indirect fluorescent antibody procedure. Serum antibody prevalence averaged 70% (167/240) during the spring collection period and 25% (46/185) during the autumn collection period. Prevalence was 0% (0/42) in the autumn pup cohort (age 4-5 mo), and 60% (58/97) in the spring pup cohort (age 9-10 mo). Prevalence was lowest in the Eastern Interior study area. A statistical model indicates that prevalence increased slightly each year in all three study areas. These results indicate that transmission occurs primarily during the winter months, antibody decay is quite rapid, and reexposure during the summer is rare.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Zarnke, R.L., Evermann, J.F., Ver Hoef, J.M., McNay, M.E., Boertje, R.D., Gardner, C.L., Adams, L., Dale, B.W., and Burch, J.W., 2001, Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 4, p. 740-745, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"740","endPage":"745","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d5de4b08c986b318368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarnke, Randall L.","contributorId":49148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarnke","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evermann, Jim F.","contributorId":87336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evermann","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ver Hoef, Jay M.","contributorId":42504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ver Hoef","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNay, Mark E.","contributorId":68506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNay","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boertje, Rodney D.","contributorId":84953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boertje","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gardner, Craig L.","contributorId":65259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70023062,"text":"70023062 - 2001 - Predictive modeling of flow and transport in a two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale, heterogeneous porous medium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:09:41","indexId":"70023062","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive modeling of flow and transport in a two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale, heterogeneous porous medium","docAbstract":"As a first step toward understanding the role of sedimentary structures in flow and transport through porous media, this work deterministically examines how small‐scale laboratory‐measured values of hydraulic conductivity relate to in situ values of simple, artificial structures in an intermediate‐scale (10 m long), two‐dimensional, heterogeneous, laboratory experiment. Results were judged based on how well simulations using measured values of hydraulic conductivities matched measured hydraulic heads, net flow, and transport through the tank. Discrepancies were investigated using sensitivity analysis and nonlinear regression estimates of the in situ hydraulic conductivity that produce the best fit to measured hydraulic heads and net flow. Permeameter and column experiments produced laboratory measurements of hydraulic conductivity for each of the sands used in the intermediate‐scale experiments. Despite explicit numerical representation of the heterogeneity the laboratory‐measured values underestimated net flow by 12–14% and were distinctly smaller than the regression‐estimated values. The significance of differences in measured hydraulic conductivity values was investigated by comparing variability of transport predictions using the different measurement methods to that produced by different realizations of the heterogeneous distribution. Results indicate that the variations in measured hydraulic conductivity were more important to transport than variations between realizations of the heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000242","usgsCitation":"Barth, G.R., Hill, M.C., Illangasekare, T.H., and Rajaram, H., 2001, Predictive modeling of flow and transport in a two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale, heterogeneous porous medium: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 10, p. 2503-2512, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000242.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2503","endPage":"2512","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000242","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8201e4b0c8380cd7b849","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, Gilbert R.","contributorId":15374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Illangasekare, Tissa H.","contributorId":194933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Illangasekare","given":"Tissa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rajaram, Harihar","contributorId":194934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajaram","given":"Harihar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023063,"text":"70023063 - 2001 - Distribution of algae in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to nutrient supply, salinity and other environmental factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T08:32:38","indexId":"70023063","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of algae in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to nutrient supply, salinity and other environmental factors","docAbstract":"1. The taxonomic composition and biomass of the phytoplankton and the taxonomic composition of the phytobenthos of the San Joaquin River and its major tributaries were examined in relation to water chemistry, habitat and flow regime. Agricultural drainage and subsurface flow contribute to a complex gradient of salinity and nutrients in this eutrophic, 'lowland type' river.
2. Because of light-limiting conditions for growth, maintenance demands of the algae exceed production during summer and autumn in the San Joaquin River where there is no inflow from tributaries. In contrast to substantial gains in concentration of inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus during the summer of normal-flow years, net losses of algal biomass (2-4 ??g L-1 day-1 chlorophyll a) occurred in a mid-river segment with no significant tributary inflow. However, downstream of a large tributary draining the Sierra Nevada, a substantial net gain in algal biomass (6-11 μg L-1 day-1) occurred in the summer, but not in the spring (loss of 1-6 μg L-1 day-1) or autumn (loss of 2-5 ??g L-1 day-1).
3. The phytoplankton was dominated in summer by 'r-selected' centric diatoms (Thalassiosirales), species both tolerant of variable salinity and widely distributed in the San Joaquin River. Pennate diatoms were proportionally more abundant (in biomass) in the winter, spring and autumn. Abundant taxa included the diatoms Cyclotella meneghiniana, Skeletonema cf. potamos, Cyclostephanos invisitatus, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Nitzschia acicularis, N. palea and N. reversa, and the chlorophytes Chlamydomonas sp. and Scenesdesmus quadricauda. Patterns in the abundance of species indicated that assembly of the phytoplankton is limited more by light and flow regime than by nutrient supply.
4. The phytobenthos was dominated by larger, more slowly reproducing pennate diatoms. Few of the abundant species are euryhaline. The diatoms Navicula recens and Nitzschia inconspicua and cyanophytes, Oscillatoria spp., were the principal late-summer benthic species upstream in the mainstem and in drainages of the San Joaquin Valley. Many of the other abundant diatoms (Amphora veneta, Bacillaria paxillifer, Navicula symmetrica, Nitzschia amphibia, N. fonticola, N. palea, Pleurosigma salinarum) of late-summer assemblages in these segments also are motile species. While many of these species also were abundant in segments downstream of confluences with rivers draining the Sierra Nevada, the relative abundance of prostrate (Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Navicula minima) and erect or stalked (Achnanthidium deflexum, Achnanthes lanceolata, Gomphonema kobayasii, G. parvulum var. lagenula) diatoms and Stigeoclonium sp. was greater in these lower San Joaquin River segments.
5. A weighted-averaging regression model, based on salinity and benthic-algal abundance in the San Joaquin River and segments of its major tributaries within the San Joaquin Valley, yielded a highly significant coefficient-of-determination (r2 = 0.84) and low prediction error between salinity inferred from the species and that observed, indicating that salinity tolerance is a primary constraint on growth and assembly of the phytobenthos. The same measures of predictability indicated poor performance of a model based on inorganic nitrogen. However, with a greater representation of tributaries (including segments within the Sierra Nevada foothills) in the sample set, an inorganic nitrogen model also yielded a highly significant coefficient-of-determination (r2 = 0.87) and low prediction error between the species-inferred and the observed concentration. As with the salinity model (r2 = 0.94) for the enlarged data set, a systematic difference (increased deviation of residuals) existed at high inorganic nitrogen concentrations. These results indicate substantial interaction between salinity and inorganic nitrogen as constraints on the structure of benthic-algal communities of the San Joaquin River basin.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00740.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Leland, H., Brown, L., and Mueller, D., 2001, Distribution of algae in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to nutrient supply, salinity and other environmental factors: Freshwater Biology, v. 46, no. 9, p. 1139-1167, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00740.x.","productDescription":"29","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1167","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00740.x"},{"id":233622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","volume":"46","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02bbe4b0c8380cd501a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, L. R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":66391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, D. K.","contributorId":93525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023066,"text":"70023066 - 2001 - Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-30T17:29:48.769129","indexId":"70023066","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle","docAbstract":"I examine the behavior of a two-dimensional (2-D) strike-slip fault system embedded in a 1-D elastic layer (schizosphere) overlying a uniform viscoelastic half-space (plastosphere) and within the boundaries of a finite width shear zone. The viscoelastic coupling model of Savage and Prescott [1978] considers the viscoelastic response of this system, in the absence of the shear zone boundaries, to an earthquake occurring within the upper elastic layer, steady slip beneath a prescribed depth, and the superposition of the responses of multiple earthquakes with characteristic slip occurring at regular intervals. So formulated, the viscoelastic coupling model predicts that sufficiently long after initiation of the system, (1) average fault-parallel velocity at any point is the average slip rate of that side of the fault and (2) far-field velocities equal the same constant rate. Because of the sensitivity to the mechanical properties of the schizosphere-plastosphere system (i.e., elastic layer thickness, plastosphere viscosity), this model has been used to infer such properties from measurements of interseismic velocity. Such inferences exploit the predicted behavior at a known time within the earthquake cycle. By modifying the viscoelastic coupling model to satisfy the additional constraint that the absolute velocity at prescribed shear zone boundaries is constant, I find that even though the time-averaged behavior remains the same, the spatiotemporal pattern of surface deformation (particularly its temporal variation within an earthquake cycle) is markedly different from that predicted by the conventional viscoelastic coupling model. These differences are magnified as plastosphere viscosity is reduced or as the recurrence interval of periodic earthquakes is lengthened. Application to the interseismic velocity field along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault suggests that the region behaves mechanically like a ???600-km-wide shear zone accommodating 50 mm/yr fault-parallel motion distributed between the San Andreas fault system and Eastern California Shear Zone. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000342","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2001, Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B11, p. 26541-26560, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000342.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"26541","endPage":"26560","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.96815379209215,\n 34.48443294269454\n ],\n [\n -119.69349558896727,\n 34.38475956763793\n ],\n [\n -119.28700144834212,\n 34.15778760857671\n ],\n [\n -116.79310496396727,\n 33.692870080798244\n ],\n [\n -115.00233347959211,\n 32.74622590534098\n ],\n [\n -114.57386668271728,\n 33.81161930566759\n ],\n [\n -116.65028269834234,\n 35.57295474555886\n ],\n [\n -117.59510691709224,\n 35.653338449032404\n ],\n [\n -119.96815379209215,\n 34.48443294269454\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc284e4b08c986b32abb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023071,"text":"70023071 - 2001 - Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023071","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), developed a computer program to provide a general framework needed to couple disparate environmental resource models and to manage the necessary data. The Object-User Interface (OUI) is a map-based interface for models and modeling data. It provides a common interface to run hydrologic models and acquire, browse, organize, and select spatial and temporal data. One application is to assist river managers in utilizing streamflow forecasts generated with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System running in the Modular Modeling System (MMS), a distributed-parameter watershed model, and the National Weather Service Extended Streamflow Prediction (ESP) methodology.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"69th Annual Meeting Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"16 April 2001 through 19 April 2001","conferenceLocation":"Sun Valley, ID","language":"English","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Jeton, A., 2001, Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface, in Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Sun Valley, ID, 16 April 2001 through 19 April 2001, p. 85-91.","startPage":"85","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9aeee4b08c986b31cbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeton, A.E.","contributorId":61841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023074,"text":"70023074 - 2001 - Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023074","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Between A.D. 900 and 1150, more than 200,000 conifer trees were used to build the prehistoric great houses of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, in what is now a treeless landscape. More than one-fifth of these timbers were spruce (Picea) or fir (Abies) that were hand-carried from isolated mountaintops 75-100 km away. Because strontium from local dust, water, and underlying bedrock is incorporated by trees, specific logging sites can be identified by comparing 87Sr/86Sr ratios in construction beams from different ruins and building periods to ratios in living trees from the surrounding mountains. 87Sr/86Sr ratios show that the beams came from both the Chuska and San Mateo (Mount Taylor) mountains, but not from the San Pedro Mountains, which are equally close. Incorporation of logs from two sources in the same room, great house, and year suggest stockpiling and intercommunity collaboration at Chaco Canyon. The use of trees from both the Chuska and San Mateo mountains, but not from the San Pedro Mountains, as early as A.D. 974 suggests that selection of timber sources was driven more by regional socioeconomic ties than by a simple model of resource depletion with distance and time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.211305498","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"English, N., Betancourt, J., Dean, J., and Quade, J., 2001, Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 98, no. 21, p. 11891-11896, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211305498.","startPage":"11891","endPage":"11896","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478854,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/59738","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208207,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211305498"}],"volume":"98","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bb4e4b08c986b31d03b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"English, N.B.","contributorId":38744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"English","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, J.S.","contributorId":76517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023078,"text":"70023078 - 2001 - Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:58:26.796846","indexId":"70023078","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil","docAbstract":"Copahue volcano erupted altered rock debris, siliceous dust, pyroclastic sulfur, and rare juvenile fragments between 1992 and 1995, and magmatic eruptions occurred in July– October 2000. Prior to 2000, the Copahue crater lake, acid hot springs, and rivers carried acid brines with compositions that reflected close to congruent rock dissolution. The ratio between rock-forming elements and chloride in the central zone of the volcano-hydrothermal system has diminished over the past few years, reflecting increased water/rock ratios as a result of progressive rock dissolution. Magmatic activity in 2000 provided fresh rocks for the acid fluids, resulting in higher ratios between rock-forming elements and chloride in the fluids and enhanced Mg fluxes. The higher Mg fluxes started several weeks prior to the eruption. Model data on the crater lake and river element flux determinations indicate that Copahue volcano was hollowed out at a rate of about 20 000–25 000 m3/yr, but that void space was filled with about equal amounts of silica and liquid elemental sulfur. The extensive rock dissolution has weakened the internal volcanic structure, making flank collapse a volcanic hazard at Copahue.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1059:HEFFCA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Varekamp, J., Ouimette, A., Herman, S., Bermudez, A., and Delpino, D., 2001, Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil: Geology, v. 29, no. 11, p. 1059-1062, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1059:HEFFCA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1062","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Chile","otherGeospatial":"Copahue","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.1090087890625,\n -37.90249051864098\n ],\n [\n -70.916748046875,\n -37.907366581454944\n ],\n [\n -70.91194152832031,\n -37.773428545820934\n ],\n [\n -71.15570068359375,\n -37.767458038229684\n ],\n [\n -71.17218017578125,\n -37.78048397870301\n ],\n [\n -71.16119384765624,\n -37.79350762410675\n ],\n [\n -71.15570068359375,\n -37.810868914072984\n ],\n [\n -71.13853454589844,\n -37.81846319511329\n ],\n [\n -71.12686157226562,\n -37.822802433527556\n ],\n [\n -71.136474609375,\n -37.834191720600415\n ],\n [\n -71.15776062011719,\n -37.838530034214045\n ],\n [\n -71.16256713867188,\n -37.846663684549135\n ],\n [\n -71.19827270507812,\n -37.85425428219824\n ],\n [\n -71.20719909667969,\n -37.877021386076336\n ],\n [\n -71.17767333984375,\n -37.898155969343314\n ],\n [\n -71.14059448242188,\n -37.87810535842237\n ],\n [\n -71.11930847167969,\n -37.89056989382213\n ],\n [\n -71.1090087890625,\n -37.90249051864098\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a379de4b0c8380cd61006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varekamp, J.C.","contributorId":56006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varekamp","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ouimette, A.P.","contributorId":99341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouimette","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herman, S.W.","contributorId":44712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bermudez, A.","contributorId":61991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bermudez","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delpino, D.","contributorId":87724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delpino","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023084,"text":"70023084 - 2001 - Tomographic inversion of P-wave velocity and Q structures beneath the Kirishima volcanic complex, Southern Japan, based on finite difference calculations of complex traveltimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70023084","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tomographic inversion of P-wave velocity and Q structures beneath the Kirishima volcanic complex, Southern Japan, based on finite difference calculations of complex traveltimes","docAbstract":"We estimate the P-wave velocity and attenuation structures beneath the Kirishima volcanic complex, southern Japan, by inverting the complex traveltimes (arrival times and pulse widths) of waveform data obtained during an active seismic experiment conducted in 1994. In this experiment, six 200-250 kg shots were recorded at 163 temporary seismic stations deployed on the volcanic complex. We use first-arrival times for the shots, which were hand-measured interactively. The waveform data are Fourier transformed into the frequency domain and analysed using a new method based on autoregressive modelling of complex decaying oscillations in the frequency domain to determine pulse widths for the first-arrival phases. A non-linear inversion method is used to invert 893 first-arrival times and 325 pulse widths to estimate the velocity and attenuation structures of the volcanic complex. Wavefronts for the inversion are calculated with a finite difference method based on the Eikonal equation, which is well suited to estimating the complex traveltimes for the structures of the Kirishima volcano complex, where large structural heterogeneities are expected. The attenuation structure is derived using ray paths derived from the velocity structure. We obtain 3-D velocity and attenuation structures down to 1.5 and 0.5 km below sea level, respectively. High-velocity pipe-like structures with correspondingly low attenuation are found under the summit craters. These pipe-like structures are interpreted as remnant conduits of solidified magma. No evidence of a shallow magma chamber is visible in the tomographic images.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00491.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Tomatsu, T., Kumagai, H., and Dawson, P., 2001, Tomographic inversion of P-wave velocity and Q structures beneath the Kirishima volcanic complex, Southern Japan, based on finite difference calculations of complex traveltimes: Geophysical Journal International, v. 146, no. 3, p. 781-794, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00491.x.","startPage":"781","endPage":"794","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478878,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2001.00491.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00491.x"}],"volume":"146","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb435e4b08c986b32624a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomatsu, T.","contributorId":80869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomatsu","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumagai, Hiroyuki","contributorId":71337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumagai","given":"Hiroyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P.B.","contributorId":75934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023085,"text":"70023085 - 2001 - Comparisons of ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi, earthquake with empirical predictions largely based on data from California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70023085","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi, earthquake with empirical predictions largely based on data from California","docAbstract":"This article has the modest goal of comparing the ground motions recorded during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, mainshock with predictions from four empirical-based equations commonly used for western North America; these empirical predictions are largely based on data from California. Comparisons are made for peak acceleration and 5%-damped response spectra at periods between 0.1 and 4 sec. The general finding is that the Chi-Chi ground motions are smaller than those predicted from the empirically based equations for periods less than about 1 sec by factors averaging about 0.4 but as small as 0.26 (depending on period, on which equation is used, and on whether the sites are assumed to be rock or soil). There is a trend for the observed motions to approach or even exceed the predicted motions for longer periods. Motions at similar distances (30-60 km) to the east and to the west of the fault differ dramatically at periods between about 2 and 20 sec: Long-duration wave trains are present on the motions to the west, and when normalized to similar amplitudes at short periods, the response spectra of the motions at the western stations are as much as five times larger than those of motions from eastern stations. The explanation for the difference is probably related to site and propagation effects; the western stations are on the Coastal Plain, whereas the eastern stations are at the foot of young and steep mountains, either in the relatively narrow Longitudinal Valley or along the eastern coast-the sediments underlying the eastern stations are probably shallower and have higher velocity than those under the western stations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000733","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2001, Comparisons of ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi, earthquake with empirical predictions largely based on data from California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 5, p. 1212-1217, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000733.","startPage":"1212","endPage":"1217","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208278,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000733"}],"volume":"91","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8c2e4b0c8380cd4d2a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}