{"pageNumber":"1174","pageRowStart":"29325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184825,"records":[{"id":70156835,"text":"70156835 - 2016 - Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T11:46:49","indexId":"70156835","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-31T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdoviral pathogen associated with disease outbreaks in cultured and wild fish worldwide. Common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio carp</i>), and koi (<i>C. carpio koi</i>) suffer the highest mortalities from SVCV infections, while other cyprinid fish species have varying susceptibility. Although salmonid fish typically are considered refractory to infection by SVCV, there have been a few reports suggesting infection has occurred in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). There have been no reports of Percid fish being infected with SVCV. Since the first North American outbreak of SVCV at a North Carolina koi farm in 2002 there have been eight subsequent detections or outbreaks of SVCV among fish species from the families of&nbsp;<i>Cyprinidae</i>&nbsp;and<i>Centrarchidae</i>&nbsp;within the US and Canada. Thus, this exotic virus is considered a potential threat to native and cultured fish populations in North America. We performed multiple experimental challenges with fish species from three families (<i>Salmonidae</i>,&nbsp;<i>Cyprinidae</i>, and&nbsp;<i>Percidae</i>) to identify the potential risk associated with SVCV exposure of resident fish populations in North America.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0010\">Three salmonid species, rainbow and steelhead trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Chinook salmon (<i>O. tshawytscha</i>), and sockeye salmon (<i>O. nerka</i>), were challenged by immersion or injection with the North Carolina SVCV isolate. Two cyprinid species, koi and fathead minnow (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) and one percid species, yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>) were also challenged. Koi were highly susceptible to SVCV up to 11&nbsp;months of age and fathead minnows had chronic disease expression with moderate mortality (29%). SVCV also induced moderate mortalities (33%) in yellow perch fry. Virus challenged salmonid fish had cumulative percent mortalities ranging from 0 to 100%, with sockeye salmon fry being the most vulnerable. A sub-sample of mortalities and survivors were screened for virus by plaque assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In general, all mortalities tested positive for SVCV with high viral titers while survivors had variable persistence of SVCV with overall lower virus titers. Our SVCV challenges of multiple North American fish species suggested that host age is a key factor in determining disease outcome. Other factors, such as fish broodstock, virus strain, water temperature, and rearing conditions in association with the intrinsic level of species susceptibility may also impact infection dynamics. This is the first report of SVCV infecting a species (yellow perch) in the family&nbsp;<i>Percidae</i>&nbsp;and that sockeye salmon fry can suffer similarly high mortalities as the primary SVCV host species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007","usgsCitation":"Emmenegger, E.J., Sanders, G.E., Conway, C.M., Binkowski, F.P., Winton, J., and Kurath, G., 2016, Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus: Aquaculture, v. 450, p. 273-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065791","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471462,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"450","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e56ca3e4b05561fa208670","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.007","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Emmenegger Eveline J., Sanders George E., Conway Carla M., Binkowski Fred P., Winton James R., Kurath Gael","journalName":"Aquaculture","publicationDate":"1/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmenegger, Eveline J. 0000-0001-5217-6030 eemmenegger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-6030","contributorId":2434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"Eveline","email":"eemmenegger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanders, George E.","contributorId":147207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16803,"text":"University of Washington, School of Medicine, Dept. of Comparative Medicine, T-160 Health Sciences Center, Seattle, WA  98195","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conway, Carla M. 0000-0002-3851-3616 cmconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-3616","contributorId":2946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Carla","email":"cmconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binkowski, Fred P.","contributorId":147208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Binkowski","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16804,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Freshwater Sciences, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, James R. jwinton@usgs.gov","contributorId":147209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James R.","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70156836,"text":"70156836 - 2016 - Detecting significant change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in wilderness areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-01T13:16:49","indexId":"70156836","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-31T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting significant change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in wilderness areas","docAbstract":"<p id=\"spar0005\">A major challenge in the biological monitoring of stream ecosystems in protected wilderness areas is discerning whether temporal changes in community structure are significantly outside of a reference condition that represents natural or acceptable annual variation in population cycles. Otherwise sites could erroneously be classified as impaired. Long-term datasets are essential for understanding these trends, to ascertain whether any changes in community structure significantly beyond the reference condition are permanent shifts or with time move back to within previous limits. To this end, we searched for long-term (&gt;8 years) quantitative data sets of macroinvertebrate communities in wadeable rivers collected by similar methods and time of year in protected wilderness areas with minimal anthropogenic disturbance. Four geographic areas with datasets that met these criteria in the USA were identified, namely: McLaughlin Nature Reserve in California (1 stream), Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennesse-North Carolina (14 streams), Wind River Wilderness Areas in Wyoming (3 streams) and Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska (6 streams).</p>\n<p id=\"spar0010\">Two statistical approaches were applied: Taxonomic Distinctness (TD) to describe changes in diversity over time and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) to describe changes over time in community persistence (Jaccards Index) and community stability (Bray&ndash;Curtis Index). Control charts were used to determine if years in MDS plots were significantly outside a reference condition. For Hunting Creek, TD showed three years outside natural variation which could be attributed to severe hydrological events but years outside the natural-variation funnel at sites in other geographical areas were inconsistent and could not be explained by environmental variables. TD identified simulated severe pollutant events which caused the removal of entire invertebrate assemblages but not simulated water temperature shifts.</p>\n<p id=\"spar0015\">Within a region, both MDS analyses typically identified similar years as exceeding reference condition variation, illustrating the utility of the approach for identifying wider spatial scale effects that influence more than one stream. MDS responded to both simulated water temperature stress and a pollutant event, and generally outlying years on MDS plots could be explained by environmental variables, particularly higher precipitation. Multivariate control charts successfully identified whether shifts in community structure identified by MDS were significant and whether the shift represented a press disturbance (long-term change) or a pulse disturbance. We consider a combination of TD and MDS with control charts to be a potentially powerful tool for determining years significantly outside of a reference condition variation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.07.025","usgsCitation":"Milner, A.M., Woodward, A., Freilich, J.E., Black, R.W., and Resh, V.H., 2016, Detecting significant change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in wilderness areas: Ecological Indicators, v. 60, p. 524-537, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.07.025.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"537","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052838","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, California, North Carolina, Tennesse, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, McLaughlin Nature Reserve, Wind River Wilderness Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.40966796874999,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40966796874999,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26708984374999,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26708984374999,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40966796874999,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": 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E.","contributorId":147210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freilich","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12587,"text":"Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Black, Robert W. 0000-0002-4748-8213 rwblack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8213","contributorId":1820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"rwblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Resh, Vincent H.","contributorId":12169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70173776,"text":"70173776 - 2016 - The global status of freshwater fish age validation studies and a prioritization framework for future research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T15:38:47","indexId":"70173776","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5040,"text":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","onlineIssn":"2330-8257","printIssn":"2330-8249","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The global status of freshwater fish age validation studies and a prioritization framework for future research","docAbstract":"<div id=\"sub\">\n<div id=\"alpha\">\n<div id=\"abstract\" class=\"element\">\n<p>Age information derived from calcified structures is commonly used to estimate recruitment, growth, and mortality for fish populations. Validation of daily or annual marks on age structures is often assumed, presumably due to a lack of general knowledge concerning the status of age validation studies. Therefore, the current status of freshwater fish age validation studies was summarized to show where additional effort is needed, and increase the accessibility of validation studies to researchers. In total, 1351 original peer-reviewed articles were reviewed from freshwater systems that studied age in fish. Periodicity and age validation studies were found for 88 freshwater species comprising 21 fish families. The number of age validation studies has increased over the last 30 years following previous calls for more research; however, few species have validated structures spanning all life stages. In addition, few fishes of conservation concern have validated ageing structures. A prioritization framework, using a combination of eight characteristics, is offered to direct future age validation studies and close the validation information gap. Additional study, using the offered prioritization framework, and increased availability of published studies that incorporate uncertainty when presenting research results dealing with age information are needed.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"Abingdon, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2015.1068737","usgsCitation":"Pope, K.L., Hamel, M.J., Pegg, M.A., and Spurgeon, J., 2016, The global status of freshwater fish age validation studies and a prioritization framework for future research: Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, v. 23, p. 329-345, https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2015.1068737.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059687","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6bee4b07657d1a22968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamel, Martin J.","contributorId":171901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamel","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pegg, Mark A.","contributorId":45212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pegg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spurgeon, Jonathan J.","contributorId":146395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spurgeon","given":"Jonathan J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156834,"text":"70156834 - 2016 - Chemical considerations for an updated National assessment of brackish groundwater resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T11:01:26","indexId":"70156834","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-27T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical considerations for an updated National assessment of brackish groundwater resources","docAbstract":"<p><span>Brackish groundwater (BGW) is increasingly used for water supplies where fresh water is scarce, but the distribution and availability of such resources have not been characterized at the national scale in the United States since the 1960s. Apart from its distribution and accessibility, BGW usability is a function of the chemical requirements of the intended use, chemical characteristics of the resource, and treatment options to make the resource compatible with the use. Here, we discuss relations between these three chemical factors using national-scale examples and local case studies. In a preliminary compilation of BGW data in the United States, five water types accounted for the major-ion composition of 70% of samples. PHREEQC calculations indicate that 57&ndash;77% of samples were oversaturated with respect to barite, calcite, or chalcedony. In the study, 5&ndash;14% of samples had concentrations of arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, or uranium that exceeded drinking-water standards. In case studies of the potential use of BGW for drinking water, irrigation, and hydraulic fracturing, PHREEQC simulations of a hypothetical treatment process resembling reverse osmosis (RO) showed that BGW had the potential to form various assemblages of mineral deposits (scale) during treatment that could adversely affect RO membranes. Speciation calculations showed that most boron in the irrigation example occurred as boric acid, which has relatively low removal efficiency by RO. Results of this preliminary study indicate that effective national or regional assessments of BGW resources should include geochemical characterizations that are guided in part by specific use and treatment requirements.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Worthington, OH","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12367","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Bohlke, J.K., Dahm, K., Parkhurst, D.L., Anning, D.W., and Stanton, J.S., 2016, Chemical considerations for an updated National assessment of brackish groundwater resources: Groundwater, v. 54, no. 4, p. 464-475, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12367.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"475","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065662","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e57aace4b05561fa208685","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12367","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12367","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"McMahon P.B., Böhlke J.K., Dahm K.G., Parkhurst D.L., Anning D.W., Stanton J.S.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"8/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dahm, Katharine 0000-0002-4024-8110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-8110","contributorId":147205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahm","given":"Katharine","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anning, David W. dwanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David","email":"dwanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70160398,"text":"70160398 - 2016 - Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and oil and natural gas operations: Potential environmental contamination and recommendations to assess complex environmental mixtures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T10:39:09","indexId":"70160398","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and oil and natural gas operations: Potential environmental contamination and recommendations to assess complex environmental mixtures","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Background</strong>: Hydraulic fracturing technologies, developed over the last 65 years, have only recently been combined with horizontal drilling to unlock oil and gas reserves previously deemed inaccessible. While these technologies have dramatically increased domestic oil and natural gas production, they have also raised concerns for the potential contamination of local water supplies with the approximately 1,000 chemicals used throughout the process, including many known or suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals.<br><strong>Objectives</strong>: We discuss the need for an endocrine component to health assessments for drilling-dense regions in the context of hormonal and anti-hormonal activities for chemicals used.<br><strong>Methods</strong>: We discuss the literature on 1) surface and ground water contamination by oil and gas extraction operations, and 2) potential human exposure, particularly in context of the total hormonal and anti-hormonal activities present in surface and ground water from natural and anthropogenic sources, with initial analytical results and critical knowledge gaps discussed.<br><strong>Discussion</strong>: In light of the potential for environmental release of oil and gas chemicals that can disrupt hormone receptor systems, we recommend methods for assessing complex hormonally active environmental mixtures.<br><strong>Conclusions</strong>: We describe a need for an endocrine-centric component for overall health assessments and provide supporting information that using this may help explain reported adverse health trends as well as help develop recommendations for environmental impact assessments and monitoring programs.<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare","publisherLocation":"Research Triangle Park, NC","doi":"10.1289/ehp.1409535","usgsCitation":"Kassotis, C., Tillitt, D.E., Lin, C., McElroy, J.A., and Nagel, S., 2016, Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and oil and natural gas operations: Potential environmental contamination and recommendations to assess complex environmental mixtures: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 124, p. 256-264, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409535.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"264","ipdsId":"IP-061600","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409535","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56753c3ae4b0da412f4f8bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kassotis, Christopher D.","contributorId":26967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kassotis","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, Chung-Ho","contributorId":150703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Chung-Ho","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18071,"text":"Department of Forestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McElroy, Jane A.","contributorId":150738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McElroy","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18084,"text":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagel, Susan C.","contributorId":56147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70155896,"text":"70155896 - 2016 - Effects of wind-energy facilities on grassland bird distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:09:10","indexId":"70155896","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-18T04:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of wind-energy facilities on grassland bird distributions","docAbstract":"<p>The contribution of renewable energy to meet worldwide demand continues to grow. Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable sectors, but new wind facilities are often placed in prime wildlife habitat. Long-term studies that incorporate a rigorous statistical design to evaluate the effects of wind facilities on wildlife are rare. We conducted a before-after-control-impact (BACI) assessment to determine if wind facilities placed in native mixed-grass prairies displaced breeding grassland birds. During 2003&ndash;2012, we monitored changes in bird density in 3 study areas in North Dakota and South Dakota (U.S.A.). We examined whether displacement or attraction occurred 1 year after construction (immediate effect) and the average displacement or attraction 2&ndash;5 years after construction (delayed effect). We tested for these effects overall and within distance bands of 100, 200, 300, and &gt;300 m from turbines. We observed displacement for 7 of 9 species. One species was unaffected by wind facilities and one species exhibited attraction. Displacement and attraction generally occurred within 100 m and often extended up to 300 m. In a few instances, displacement extended beyond 300 m. Displacement and attraction occurred 1 year after construction and persisted at least 5 years. Our research provides a framework for applying a BACI design to displacement studies and highlights the erroneous conclusions that can be made without the benefit of adopting such a design. More broadly, species-specific behaviors can be used to inform management decisions about turbine placement and the potential impact to individual species. Additionally, the avoidance distance metrics we estimated can facilitate future development of models evaluating impacts of wind facilities under differing land-use scenarios.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12569","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., and Buhl, D.A., 2016, Effects of wind-energy facilities on grassland bird distributions: Conservation Biology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 59-71, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12569.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060722","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7T43SDG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Effects of wind-energy facilities on breeding grassland bird distributions - data 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"30","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d44922e4b0518e35469475","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708 jshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":3184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jill","email":"jshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, Deborah A. 0000-0002-8563-5990 dbuhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":146226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Deborah","email":"dbuhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70158933,"text":"70158933 - 2016 - The Upper Mississippi River floodscape: spatial patterns of flood inundation and associated plant community distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T13:32:03","indexId":"70158933","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":849,"text":"Applied Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Upper Mississippi River floodscape: spatial patterns of flood inundation and associated plant community distributions","docAbstract":"<p>Questions How is the distribution of different plant communities associated with patterns of flood inundation across a large floodplain landscape? Location Thirty-eight thousand nine hundred and seventy hectare of floodplain, spanning 320 km of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Methods High-resolution elevation data (Lidar) and 30 yr of daily river stage data were integrated to produce a &lsquo;floodscape&rsquo; map of growing season flood inundation duration. The distributions of 16 different remotely sensed plant communities were quantified along the gradient of flood duration. Results Models fitted to the cumulative frequency of occurrence of different vegetation types as a function of flood duration showed that most types exist along a continuum of flood-related occurrence. The diversity of community types was greatest at high elevations (0&ndash;10 d of flooding), where both upland and lowland community types were found, as well as at very low elevations (70&ndash;180 d of flooding), where a variety of lowland herbaceous communities were found. Intermediate elevations (20&ndash;60 d of flooding) tended to be dominated by floodplain forest and had the lowest diversity of community types. Conclusions Although variation in flood inundation is often considered to be the main driver of spatial patterns in floodplain plant communities, few studies have quantified flood&ndash;vegetation relationships at broad scales. Our results can be used to identify targets for restoration of historical hydrological regimes or better anticipate hydro-ecological effects of climate change at broad scales.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Vegetation Science","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12189","usgsCitation":"De Jager, N.R., Rohweder, J.J., Yin, Y., and Hoy, E.E., 2016, The Upper Mississippi River floodscape: spatial patterns of flood inundation and associated plant community distributions: Applied Vegetation Science, v. 19, no. 1, p. 164-172, https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12189.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064126","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309735,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/avsc.12189/abstract"},{"id":309799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","volume":"19","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5618e535e4b0cdb063e3fef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Jager, Nathan R. 0000-0002-6649-4125 ndejager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-4125","contributorId":3717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"Nathan","email":"ndejager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. jrohweder@usgs.gov","contributorId":460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yin, Yao yyin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Yao","email":"yyin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoy, Erin E. 0000-0002-2853-3242 ehoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-3242","contributorId":4523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Erin","email":"ehoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154792,"text":"70154792 - 2016 - The conjunction of factors that lead to formation of giant gold provinces and deposits in non-arc settings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T10:48:27","indexId":"70154792","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-13T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1814,"text":"Geoscience Frontiers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The conjunction of factors that lead to formation of giant gold provinces and deposits in non-arc settings","docAbstract":"<p id=\"abspara0010\">It is quite evident that it is not anomalous metal transport, nor unique depositional conditions, nor any single factor at the deposit scale, that dictates whether a mineral deposit becomes a giant or not. A hierarchical approach thus is required to progressively examine controlling parameters at successively decreasing scales in the total mineral system to understand the location of giant gold deposits in non-arc environments. For giant orogenic, intrusion-related gold systems (IRGS) and Carlin-type gold deposits and iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits, there are common factors among all of these at the lithospheric to crustal scale. All are sited in giant gold provinces controlled by complex fundamental fault or shear zones that follow craton margins or, in the case of most Phanerozoic orogenic giants, define the primary suture zones between tectonic terranes. Giant provinces of IRGS, IOCG, and Carlin-type deposits require melting of metasomatized lithosphere beneath craton margins with ascent of hybrid lamprophyric to granitic magmas and associated heat flux to generate the giant province. The IRGS and IOCG deposits require direct exsolution of volatile-rich magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, whereas the association of such melts with Carlin-type ores is more indirect and enigmatic. Giant orogenic gold provinces show no direct relationship to such magmatism, forming from metamorphic fluids, but show an indirect relationship to lamprophyres that reflect the mantle connectivity of controlling first-order structures.</p>\n<p id=\"abspara0015\">In contrast to their province scale similarities, the different giant gold deposit styles show contrasting critical controls at the district to deposit scale. For orogenic gold deposits, the giants appear to have formed by conjunction of a greater number of parameters to those that control smaller deposits, with resultant geometrical and lithostratigraphic complexity as a guide to their location. There are few giant IRGS due to their inferior fluid-flux systems relative to orogenic gold deposits, and those few giants are essentially preservational exceptions. Many Carlin-type deposits are giants due to the exceptional conjunction of both structural and lithological parameters that caused reactive and permeable rocks, enriched in syngenetic gold, to be located below an impermeable cap along antiformal &ldquo;trends&rdquo;. Hydrocarbons probably played an important role in concentrating metal. The supergiant Post-Betze deposit has additional ore zones in strain heterogeneities surrounding the pre-gold Goldstrike stock. All unequivocal IOCG deposits are giant or near-giant deposits in terms of gold-equivalent resources, partly due to economic factors for this relatively poorly understood, low Cu-Au grade deposit type. The supergiant Olympic Dam deposit, the most shallowly formed deposit among the larger IOCGs, probably owes its origin to eruption of volatile-rich hybrid magma at surface, with formation of a large maar and intense and widespread brecciation, alteration and Cu-Au-U deposition in a huge rock volume.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2015.07.001","usgsCitation":"Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., and Santosh, M., 2016, The conjunction of factors that lead to formation of giant gold provinces and deposits in non-arc settings: Geoscience Frontiers, v. 7, no. 3, p. 303-314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.07.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"314","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065563","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.07.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdb1b1e4b08400b1fe13c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groves, David I.","contributorId":34194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santosh, M.","contributorId":52873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santosh","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70266331,"text":"70266331 - 2016 - Residence time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-05T13:44:07.380055","indexId":"70266331","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-12T15:29:01","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":21217,"text":"Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series","onlineIssn":"1871-756X","printIssn":"1388-4360","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Residence time","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of estuaries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_198","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., 2016, Residence time, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of estuaries: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, p. 502-503, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_198.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"502","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-048963","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":485362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kennish, Michael J.","contributorId":354431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennish","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":935720,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, Lisa 0000-0001-7797-5517 llucas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-5517","contributorId":2181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"llucas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":935649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70266330,"text":"70266330 - 2016 - Timescale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-05T13:46:52.6537","indexId":"70266330","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-12T15:22:41","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":21217,"text":"Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series","onlineIssn":"1871-756X","printIssn":"1388-4360","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Timescale","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of estuaries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_199","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., 2016, Timescale, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of estuaries: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, p. 712-713, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_199.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"713","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-048962","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":485361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kennish, Michael J.","contributorId":354431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennish","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":935721,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, Lisa 0000-0001-7797-5517 llucas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-5517","contributorId":2181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"llucas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":935648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70266329,"text":"70266329 - 2016 - Age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-05T13:47:43.849585","indexId":"70266329","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-12T15:16:46","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":21217,"text":"Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series","onlineIssn":"1871-756X","printIssn":"1388-4360","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Age","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of estuaries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_200","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., 2016, Age, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of estuaries: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, p. 3-4, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_200.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-048960","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":485360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kennish, Michael J.","contributorId":354431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennish","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":935722,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, Lisa 0000-0001-7797-5517 llucas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-5517","contributorId":2181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"llucas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":935647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70155835,"text":"70155835 - 2016 - Mid-Wisconsin to Holocene permafrost and landscape dynamics based on a drained lake basin core from the northern Seward Peninsula, northwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-03T10:52:25","indexId":"70155835","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-11T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3032,"text":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Wisconsin to Holocene permafrost and landscape dynamics based on a drained lake basin core from the northern Seward Peninsula, northwest Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Permafrost-related processes drive regional landscape dynamics in the Arctic terrestrial system. A better understanding of past periods indicative of permafrost degradation and aggradation is important for predicting the future response of Arctic landscapes to climate change. Here, we used a multi-proxy approach to analyse a&thinsp;~&thinsp;4&thinsp;m long sediment core from a drained thermokarst lake basin on the northern Seward Peninsula in western Arctic Alaska (USA). Sedimentological, biogeochemical, geochronological, micropalaeontological (ostracoda, testate amoebae) and tephra analyses were used to determine the long-term environmental Early-Wisconsin to Holocene history preserved in our core for central Beringia. Yedoma accumulation dominated throughout the Early to Late-Wisconsin but was interrupted by wetland formation from 44.5 to 41.5&thinsp;ka BP. The latter was terminated by the deposition of 1&thinsp;m of volcanic tephra, most likely originating from the South Killeak Maar eruption at about 42&thinsp;ka BP. Yedoma deposition continued until 22.5&thinsp;ka BP and was followed by a depositional hiatus in the sediment core between 22.5 and 0.23&thinsp;ka BP. We interpret this hiatus as due to intense thermokarst activity in the areas surrounding the site, which served as a sediment source during the Late-Wisconsin to Holocene climate transition. The lake forming the modern basin on the upland initiated around 0.23&thinsp;ka BP and drained catastrophically in spring 2005. The present study emphasises that Arctic lake systems and periglacial landscapes are highly dynamic and that permafrost formation as well as degradation in central Beringia was controlled by regional to global climate patterns as well as by local disturbances.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/ppp.1848","usgsCitation":"Lenz, J., Grosse, G., Jones, B.M., Anthony, K.M., Bobrov, A., Wulf, S., and Wetterich, S., 2016, Mid-Wisconsin to Holocene permafrost and landscape dynamics based on a drained lake basin core from the northern Seward Peninsula, northwest Alaska: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 27, no. 1, p. 56-75, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1848.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"75","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063477","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1848","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.82763671875,\n              64.85360611714371\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.82763671875,\n              66.67908684186773\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.4658203125,\n              66.67908684186773\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.4658203125,\n              64.85360611714371\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.82763671875,\n              64.85360611714371\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cb0ea3e4b08400b1fdd459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenz, Josefine","contributorId":146181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lenz","given":"Josefine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":146182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, Katey M. Walter","contributorId":82603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Katey","email":"","middleInitial":"M. Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bobrov, Anatoly","contributorId":146184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bobrov","given":"Anatoly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16615,"text":"Moscow State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wulf, Sabine","contributorId":146185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wulf","given":"Sabine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16616,"text":"Helmholtz Center Potsdam","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wetterich, Sebastian","contributorId":146186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetterich","given":"Sebastian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70156711,"text":"70156711 - 2016 - Effects of age, colony, and sex on mercury concentrations in California sea lions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:15:59","indexId":"70156711","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-11T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of age, colony, and sex on mercury concentrations in California sea lions","docAbstract":"<p><span>We measured total mercury (THg) concentrations in California sea lions (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Zalophus californianus</i><span>) and examined how concentrations varied with age class, colony, and sex. Because Hg exposure is primarily via diet, we used nitrogen (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">&delta;</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>15</span><span>N) and carbon (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">&delta;</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>13</span><span>C) stable isotopes to determine if intraspecific differences in THg concentrations could be explained by feeding ecology. Blood and hair were collected from 21 adult females and 57 juveniles from three colonies in central and southern California (San Nicolas, San Miguel, and A&ntilde;o Nuevo Islands). Total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.31&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;wet weight (ww) in blood and 0.74 to 21.00&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;dry weight (dw) in hair. Adult females had greater mean THg concentrations than juveniles in blood (0.15 vs. 0.03&nbsp;&mu;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;ww) and hair (10.10 vs. 3.25&nbsp;&mu;g</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;dw). Age class differences in THg concentrations did not appear to be driven by trophic level or habitat type because there were no differences in&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">&delta;</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>15</span><span>N or&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">&delta;</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>13</span><span>C values between adults and juveniles. Total Hg concentrations in adult females were 54&nbsp;% (blood) and 24&nbsp;% (hair) greater in females from San Miguel than females from San Nicolas Island, which may have been because sea lions from the two islands foraged in different areas. For juveniles, we detected some differences in THg concentrations with colony and sex, although these were likely due to sampling effects and not ecological differences. Overall, THg concentrations in California sea lions were within the range documented for other marine mammals and were generally below toxicity benchmarks for fish-eating wildlife.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s00244-015-0201-4","usgsCitation":"McHuron, E.A., Peterson, S.H., Ackerman, J., Melin, S.R., Harris, J.D., and Costa, D.P., 2016, Effects of age, colony, and sex on mercury concentrations in California sea lions: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 70, no. 1, p. 46-55, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0201-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062166","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e81db0e4b0dacf699e6668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHuron, Elizibeth A","contributorId":147079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McHuron","given":"Elizibeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Sarah H.","contributorId":141211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melin, Sharon R.","contributorId":147080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melin","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harris, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":147081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Costa, Daniel P.","contributorId":141212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costa","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70156427,"text":"70156427 - 2016 - Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:49:08","indexId":"70156427","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":811,"text":"Annual Review of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea-level rise","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mangroves occur on upper intertidal shorelines in the tropics and subtropics. Complex hydrodynamic and salinity conditions influence mangrove distributions, primarily related to elevation and hydroperiod; this review considers how these adjust through time. Accumulation rates of allochthonous and autochthonous sediment, both inorganic and organic, vary between and within different settings. Abundant terrigenous sediment can form dynamic mudbanks; tides redistribute sediment, contrasting with mangrove peat in sediment-starved carbonate settings. Sediments underlying mangroves sequester carbon, but also contain paleoenvironmental records of adjustments to past sea-level changes. Radiometric dating indicates long-term sedimentation, whereas Surface Elevation Table-Marker Horizon measurements (SET-MH) provide shorter perspectives, indicating shallow subsurface processes of root growth and substrate autocompaction. Many tropical deltas also experience deep subsidence, which augments relative sea-level rise. The persistence of mangroves implies an ability to cope with moderately high rates of relative sea-level rise. However, many human pressures threaten mangroves, resulting in continuing decline in their extent throughout the tropics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","publisherLocation":"Palo Alto, CA","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034025","usgsCitation":"Woodroffe, C., Rogers, K., McKee, K.L., Lovelock, C., Mendelssohn, I., and Saintilan, N., 2016, Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea-level rise: Annual Review of Marine Science, v. 8, p. 243-266, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034025.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"266","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064728","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bb9e4b0518e3546f022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodroffe, CD","contributorId":146847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodroffe","given":"CD","affiliations":[{"id":16754,"text":"University of Wollongong, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, K.","contributorId":82823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X mckeek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"mckeek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lovelock, CE","contributorId":146848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovelock","given":"CE","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16755,"text":"University of Queensland, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mendelssohn, IA","contributorId":146849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendelssohn","given":"IA","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16756,"text":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saintilan, N.","contributorId":49490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saintilan","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70156307,"text":"70156307 - 2016 - Compact development and VMT: environmental determinism, self-selection, or some of both?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T13:08:49","indexId":"70156307","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1526,"text":"Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compact development and VMT: environmental determinism, self-selection, or some of both?","docAbstract":"<p><span>There is a long-running debate in the planning literature about the effects of the built environment on travel behavior and the degree to which apparent effects are due to the tendency of households to self-select into neighborhoods that reinforce their travel preferences. Those who want to walk will choose walkable neighborhoods, and those who want to use transit will choose transit-served neighborhoods. These households might have walked or used transit more than their neighbors wherever they lived. Most previous studies have shown that individual attitudes attenuate the relationship between the residential environment and travel choices, and so the effect of the built environment on travel may be overestimated. But there are other researchers who argue the reverse, claiming that residential preferences reinforce built environmental influences. This study assesses the relative importance of the built environment and residential preferences/travel attitudes for a sample of 962 households in the Greater Salt Lake region using structural equation modeling. For the sake of simplicity, we extracted two factors using principal component analysis, one representing the built environment and the other representing residential preferences/attitudes. Our findings are consistent with the view that the neighborhood built environment and residential preferences both influence household&rsquo;s travel, that the built environment is the stronger influence, and that the built environment affects travel through two causal pathways, one direct and the other indirect, through attitudes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pion Ltd.","publisherLocation":"London,UK","doi":"10.1177/0265813515594811","usgsCitation":"Ewing, R., Hamidi, S., and Grace, J.B., 2016, Compact development and VMT: environmental determinism, self-selection, or some of both?: Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, v. 43, no. 4, p. 737-755, https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813515594811.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"755","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052483","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bb2e4b0518e3546eff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, Reid","contributorId":106010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"Reid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamidi, Shima","contributorId":30909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamidi","given":"Shima","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156319,"text":"70156319 - 2016 - Using satellite vegetation and compound topographic indices to map highly erodible cropland buffers for cellulosic biofuel crop developments in eastern Nebraska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T16:35:56.715747","indexId":"70156319","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using satellite vegetation and compound topographic indices to map highly erodible cropland buffers for cellulosic biofuel crop developments in eastern Nebraska, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cultivating annual row crops in high topographic relief waterway buffers has negative environmental effects and can be environmentally unsustainable. Growing perennial grasses such as switchgrass (</span><i>Panicum virgatum</i><span>&nbsp;L.) for biomass (e.g., cellulosic biofuel feedstocks) instead of annual row crops in these high relief waterway buffers can improve local environmental conditions (e.g., reduce soil erosion and improve water quality through lower use of fertilizers and pesticides) and ecosystem services (e.g., minimize drought and flood impacts on production; improve wildlife habitat, plant vigor, and nitrogen retention due to post-senescence harvest for cellulosic biofuels; and serve as carbon sinks). The main objectives of this study are to: (1) identify cropland areas with high topographic relief (high runoff potentials) and high switchgrass productivity potential in eastern Nebraska that may be suitable for growing switchgrass, and (2) estimate the total switchgrass production gain from the potential biofuel areas. Results indicate that about 140,000 hectares of waterway buffers in eastern Nebraska are suitable for switchgrass development and the total annual estimated switchgrass biomass production for these suitable areas is approximately 1.2 million metric tons. The resulting map delineates high topographic relief croplands and provides useful information to land managers and biofuel plant investors to make optimal land use decisions regarding biofuel crop development and ecosystem service optimization in eastern Nebraska.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.019","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., and Wylie, B.K., 2016, Using satellite vegetation and compound topographic indices to map highly erodible cropland buffers for cellulosic biofuel crop developments in eastern Nebraska, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 60, p. 64-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.019.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065626","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.55810546875,\n              42.99661231842139\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.51416015625,\n              40.01078714046552\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.30639648437499,\n              40.002371935876475\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.38330078125,\n              40.07807142745009\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.38330078125,\n              40.136890695345905\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.42724609375,\n              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ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70150308,"text":"70150308 - 2016 - Corn stover harvest increases herbicide movement to subsurface drains: RZWQM simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T12:51:11","indexId":"70150308","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3035,"text":"Pest Management Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Corn stover harvest increases herbicide movement to subsurface drains: RZWQM simulations","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ps4087-sec-0001\" class=\"section\">\n<h4>BACKGROUND</h4>\n<div id=\"ps4087-para-0001\" class=\"para\">\n<p>Crop residue removal for bioenergy production can alter soil hydrologic properties and the movement of agrochemicals to subsurface drains. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), previously calibrated using measured flow and atrazine concentrations in drainage from a 0.4 ha chisel-tilled plot, was used to investigate effects of 50 and 100% corn (<i>Zea mays</i>&nbsp;L.) stover harvest and the accompanying reductions in soil crust hydraulic conductivity and total macroporosity on transport of atrazine, metolachlor, and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OXA).</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ps4087-sec-0002\" class=\"section\">\n<h4>RESULTS</h4>\n<div id=\"ps4087-para-0002\" class=\"para\">\n<p>The model accurately simulated field-measured metolachlor transport in drainage. A 3-yr simulation indicated that 50% residue removal decreased subsurface drainage by 31% and increased atrazine and metolachlor transport in drainage 4 to 5-fold when surface crust conductivity and macroporosity were reduced by 25%. Based on its measured sorption coefficient, ~ 2-fold reductions in OXA losses were simulated with residue removal.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ps4087-sec-0003\" class=\"section\">\n<h4>CONCLUSION</h4>\n<div id=\"ps4087-para-0003\" class=\"para\">\n<p>RZWQM indicated that if corn stover harvest reduces crust conductivity and soil macroporosity, losses of atrazine and metolachlor in subsurface drainage will increase due to reduced sorption related to more water moving through fewer macropores. Losses of the metolachlor degradation product OXA will decrease due to the more rapid movement of the parent compound into the soil.</p>\n</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ps.4087","usgsCitation":"Shipitalo, M.J., Malone, R.W., Ma, L., Nolan, B.T., Kanwar, R.S., Shaner, D.L., and Pederson, C.H., 2016, Corn stover harvest increases herbicide movement to subsurface drains: RZWQM simulations: Pest Management Science, v. 72, no. 6, p. 1124-1132, https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4087.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1124","endPage":"1132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062269","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/abe_eng_pubs/679","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55bc8e20e4b033ef52100eff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shipitalo, Martin J.","contributorId":143670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shipitalo","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":15295,"text":"USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, Robert W.","contributorId":10347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":6751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kanwar, Rameshwar S.","contributorId":143671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanwar","given":"Rameshwar","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":15296,"text":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shaner, Dale L.","contributorId":100766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaner","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pederson, Carl H.","contributorId":143672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pederson","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":15296,"text":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70162643,"text":"70162643 - 2016 - Anticipating environmental and environmental-health implications of extreme storms: ARkStorm scenario  ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:11:36","indexId":"70162643","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2823,"text":"Natural Hazards Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anticipating environmental and environmental-health implications of extreme storms: ARkStorm scenario  ","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ARkStorm Scenario predicts that a prolonged winter storm event across California would cause extreme precipitation, flooding, winds, physical damages, and economic impacts. This study uses a literature review and geographic information system-based analysis of national and state databases to infer how and where ARkStorm could cause environmental damages, release contamination from diverse natural and anthropogenic sources, affect ecosystem and human health, and cause economic impacts from environmental-remediation, liability, and health-care costs. Examples of plausible ARkStorm environmental and health concerns include complex mixtures of contaminants such as petroleum, mercury, asbestos, persistent organic pollutants, molds, and pathogens; adverse physical and contamination impacts on riverine and coastal marine ecosystems; and increased incidences of mold-related health concerns, some vector-borne diseases, and valley fever. Coastal cities, the San Francisco Bay area, the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, parts of the Central Valley, and some mountainous areas would likely be most affected. This type of screening analysis, coupled with follow-up local assessments, can help stakeholders in California and disaster-prone areas elsewhere better plan for, mitigate, and respond to future environmental disasters.</span><br /><span><br /><br /><br /></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Soiey of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000188","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Alpers, C.N., Morman, S.A., and San Juan, C.A., 2016, Anticipating environmental and environmental-health implications of extreme storms: ARkStorm scenario  : Natural Hazards Review, v. 17, no. 4, A4015003; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000188.","productDescription":"A4015003; 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045785","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000188","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49c5e4b07ca61bfea539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"San Juan, Carma A. 0000-0002-9151-1919 csanjuan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":1146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"Carma","email":"csanjuan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70161862,"text":"70161862 - 2016 - Imaging pathways in fractured rock using three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:30:11","indexId":"70161862","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging pathways in fractured rock using three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography","docAbstract":"<p><span>Major challenges exist in delineating bedrock fracture zones because these cause abrupt changes in geological and hydrogeological properties over small distances. Borehole observations cannot sufficiently capture heterogeneity in these systems. Geophysical techniques offer the potential to image properties and processes in between boreholes. We used three-dimensional cross borehole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in a 9&thinsp;m (diameter)&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;15&thinsp;m well field to capture high-resolution flow and transport processes in a fractured mudstone contaminated by chlorinated solvents, primarily trichloroethylene. Conductive (sodium bromide) and resistive (deionized water) injections were monitored in seven boreholes. Electrode arrays with isolation packers and fluid sampling ports were designed to enable acquisition of ERT measurements during pulsed tracer injections. Fracture zone locations and hydraulic pathways inferred from hydraulic head drawdown data were compared with electrical conductivity distributions from ERT measurements. Static ERT imaging has limited resolution to decipher individual fractures; however, these images showed alternating conductive and resistive zones, consistent with alternating laminated and massive mudstone units at the site. Tracer evolution and migration was clearly revealed in time-lapse ERT images and supported by in situ borehole vertical apparent conductivity profiles collected during the pulsed tracer test. While water samples provided important local information at the extraction borehole, ERT delineated tracer migration over spatial scales capturing the primary hydrogeological heterogeneity controlling flow and transport. The fate of these tracer injections at this scale could not have been quantified using borehole logging and/or borehole sampling methods alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12356","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., Slater, L., Johnson, T.B., Shapiro, A.M., Tiedeman, C.R., Ntlargiannis, D., Johnson, C.D., Day-Lewis, F.D., Lacombe, P., Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Lane, J.W., 2016, Imaging pathways in fractured rock using three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography: Groundwater, v. 54, no. 2, p. 186-201, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12356.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"201","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065453","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC)","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.9,\n              40.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.9,\n              40.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8,\n              40.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8,\n              40.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.9,\n              40.2\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e045e4b039675d005e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Judith","contributorId":152111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Judith","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Lee","contributorId":55707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Timothy B.","contributorId":49753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre 0000-0002-9596-7622 placombe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-7622","contributorId":152113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":587982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70170003,"text":"70170003 - 2016 - Movement analysis of free-grazing domestic ducks in Poyang Lake, China: A disease connection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T15:52:33.356039","indexId":"70170003","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-13T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2046,"text":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement analysis of free-grazing domestic ducks in Poyang Lake, China: A disease connection","docAbstract":"<p><span>Previous work suggests domestic poultry are important contributors to the emergence and transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza throughout Asia. In Poyang Lake, China, domestic duck production cycles are synchronized with arrival and departure of thousands of migratory wild birds in the area. During these periods, high densities of juvenile domestic ducks are in close proximity to migratory wild ducks, increasing the potential for the virus to be transmitted and subsequently disseminated via migration. In this paper, we use GPS dataloggers and dynamic Brownian bridge models to describe movements and habitat use of free-grazing domestic ducks in the Poyang Lake basin and identify specific areas that may have the highest risk of H5N1 transmission between domestic and wild birds. Specifically, we determine relative use by free-grazing domestic ducks of natural wetlands, which are the most heavily used areas by migratory wild ducks, and of rice paddies, which provide habitat for resident wild ducks and lower densities of migratory wild ducks. To our knowledge, this is the first movement study on domestic ducks, and our data show potential for free-grazing domestic ducks from farms located near natural wetlands to come in contact with wild waterfowl, thereby increasing the risk for disease transmission. This study provides an example of the importance of movement ecology studies in understanding dynamics such as disease transmission on a complicated landscape.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Institute of International Affairs","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1080/13658816.2015.1065496","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Palm, E., Takekawa, J.Y., Zhao, D., Xiao, X., Li, P., Liu, Y., and Newman, S.H., 2016, Movement analysis of free-grazing domestic ducks in Poyang Lake, China: A disease connection: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, v. 30, no. 5, p. 869-880, https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1065496.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"880","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066156","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5042146","text":"External Repository"},{"id":319712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Poyang Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              116.04995727539064,\n              29.388158098102554\n            ],\n            [\n              116.06918334960938,\n              29.345072482286373\n            ],\n            [\n              116.08154296875001,\n              29.30795637674532\n            ],\n            [\n              116.08978271484375,\n              29.268430847232835\n 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H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70156712,"text":"70156712 - 2016 - Evaluating hair as a predictor of blood mercury: the influence of ontogenetic phase and life history in pinnipeds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:19:51","indexId":"70156712","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-07T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating hair as a predictor of blood mercury: the influence of ontogenetic phase and life history in pinnipeds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mercury (Hg) biomonitoring of pinnipeds increasingly utilizes nonlethally collected tissues such as hair and blood. The relationship between total Hg concentrations ([THg]) in these tissues is not well understood for marine mammals, but it can be important for interpretation of tissue concentrations with respect to ecotoxicology and biomonitoring. We examined [THg] in blood and hair in multiple age classes of four pinniped species. For each species, we used paired blood and hair samples to quantify the ability of [THg] in hair to predict [THg] in blood at the time of sampling and examined the influence of varying ontogenetic phases and life history of the sampled animals. Overall, we found that the relationship between [THg] in hair and blood was affected by factors including age class, weaning status, growth, and the time difference between hair growth and sample collection. Hair [THg] was moderately to strongly predictive of current blood [THg] for adult female Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), and adult harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), whereas hair [THg] was poorly predictive or not predictive (different times of year) of blood [THg] for adult northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Within species, except for very young pups, hair [THg] was a weaker predictor of blood [THg] for prereproductive animals than for adults likely due to growth, variability in foraging behavior, and transitions between ontogenetic phases. Our results indicate that the relationship between hair [THg] and blood [THg] in pinnipeds is variable and that ontogenetic phase and life history should be considered when interpreting [THg] in these tissues.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s00244-015-0174-3","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.H., McHuron, E.A., Kennedy, S.N., Ackerman, J., Rea, L.D., Castellini, J., O'Hara, T., and Costa, D.P., 2016, Evaluating hair as a predictor of blood mercury: the influence of ontogenetic phase and life history in pinnipeds: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 70, no. 1, p. 28-45, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0174-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062578","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e81db1e4b0dacf699e666b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Sarah H.","contributorId":141211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHuron, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":103600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHuron","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Stephanie N.","contributorId":147082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":16783,"text":"Alaska DFG and University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rea, Lorrie D.","contributorId":82143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rea","given":"Lorrie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Castellini, J. Margaret","contributorId":32813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castellini","given":"J. Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O'Hara, Todd M.","contributorId":34768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Hara","given":"Todd M.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Costa, Daniel P.","contributorId":141212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costa","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70155166,"text":"70155166 - 2016 - Geostatistical borehole image-based mapping of karst-carbonate aquifer pores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-17T13:38:40","indexId":"70155166","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical borehole image-based mapping of karst-carbonate aquifer pores","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantification of the character and spatial distribution of porosity in carbonate aquifers is important as input into computer models used in the calculation of intrinsic permeability and for next-generation, high-resolution groundwater flow simulations. Digital, optical, borehole-wall image data from three closely spaced boreholes in the karst-carbonate Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida are used in geostatistical experiments to assess the capabilities of various methods to create realistic two-dimensional models of vuggy megaporosity and matrix-porosity distribution in the limestone that composes the aquifer. When the borehole image data alone were used as the model training image, multiple-point geostatistics failed to detect the known spatial autocorrelation of vuggy megaporosity and matrix porosity among the three boreholes, which were only 10&thinsp;m apart. Variogram analysis and subsequent Gaussian simulation produced results that showed a realistic conceptualization of horizontal continuity of strata dominated by vuggy megaporosity and matrix porosity among the three boreholes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Worthington, OH","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12354","usgsCitation":"Michael Sukop, and Cunningham, K.J., 2016, Geostatistical borehole image-based mapping of karst-carbonate aquifer pores: Groundwater, v. 54, no. 2, p. 202-213, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12354.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"213","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044928","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55bc9c2ce4b033ef52100f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael Sukop","contributorId":145653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael Sukop","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148085,"text":"ds937 - 2016 - Marine geophysical data collected in a shallow back-barrier estuary, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-08T16:14:11","indexId":"ds937","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-26T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"937","title":"Marine geophysical data collected in a shallow back-barrier estuary, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, began a multidisciplinary research project to better understand the water quality in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. This back-barrier estuary is experiencing degraded water quality, algal blooms, loss of seagrass, and increases in oxygen stress, macroalgae, stinging nettles, and brown tide. The spatial scale of the estuary and the scope of challenges within it necessitate a multidisciplinary approach that includes establishing the regional geology and the estuary’s physical characteristics and modeling how the estuary’s morphology interacts to affect its water quality. This report presents the data collected during this project for use in understanding the morphology and the distribution of sea-floor and sub-sea-floor sediments within Barnegat Bay, describes the methods used to collect and process those data, and includes links to the final processed datasets. These data can be used by scientists to understand the links between geomorphology, geologic framework, sediment transport, and estuarine water quality and circulation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds937","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Andrews, B.D., Miselis, J.L., Danforth, W.W., Irwin, B.J., Worley, C.R., Bergeron, E.M., and Blackwood, D.S., 2016, Marine geophysical data collected in a shallow back-barrier estuary, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey (ver. 1.1, September 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 937, 15 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds937.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 15 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062258","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302385,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0937/downloads","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"DS 937","linkHelpText":"Contains: photographs, shapefiles, and raster files. 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irwin, Barry J. birwin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Barry","email":"birwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Worley, Charles R. 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,{"id":70168363,"text":"70168363 - 2016 - The influence of a severe reservoir drawdown on springtime zooplankton and larval fish assemblages in Red Willow Reservoir, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T13:40:13","indexId":"70168363","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of a severe reservoir drawdown on springtime zooplankton and larval fish assemblages in Red Willow Reservoir, Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Reservoirs can be dynamic systems, often prone to unpredictable and extreme water-level fluctuations, and can be environments where survival is difficult for zooplankton and larval fish. Although numerous studies have examined the effects of extreme reservoir drawdown on water quality, few have examined extreme drawdown on both abiotic and biotic characteristics. A fissure in the dam at Red Willow Reservoir in southwest Nebraska necessitated an extreme drawdown; the water level was lowered more than 6 m during a two-month period, reducing reservoir volume by 76%. During the subsequent low-water period (i.e., post-drawdown), spring sampling (April&ndash;June) showed dissolved oxygen concentration was lower, while turbidity and chlorophyll-</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;concentration were greater, relative to pre-drawdown conditions. Additionally, there was an overall increase in zooplankton density, although there were differences among taxa, and changes in mean size among taxa, relative to pre-drawdown conditions. Zooplankton assemblage composition had an average dissimilarity of 19.3% from pre-drawdown to post-drawdown. The ratio of zero to non-zero catches was greater post-drawdown for larval common carp and for all larval fishes combined, whereas we observed no difference for larval gizzard shad. Larval fish assemblage composition had an average dissimilarity of 39.7% from pre-drawdown to post-drawdown. Given the likelihood that other dams will need repair or replacement in the near future, it is imperative for effective reservoir management that we anticipate the likely abiotic and biotic responses of reservoir ecosystems as these management actions will continue to alter environmental conditions in reservoirs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oikos Publishers","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2015.1055312","usgsCitation":"DeBoer, J.A., Webber, C.M., Dixon, T.A., and Pope, K.L., 2016, The influence of a severe reservoir drawdown on springtime zooplankton and larval fish assemblages in Red Willow Reservoir, Nebraska: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 131-146, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2015.1055312.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057401","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2015.1055312","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Red Willow Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.73707580566406,\n              40.337123670420326\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.73707580566406,\n              40.39676430557203\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.6515884399414,\n              40.39676430557203\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.6515884399414,\n              40.337123670420326\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.73707580566406,\n              40.337123670420326\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4565ae4b0946c652185e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeBoer, Jason A.","contributorId":10272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBoer","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webber, Christa M.","contributorId":166914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webber","given":"Christa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18960,"text":"School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Taylor A.","contributorId":166915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dixon","given":"Taylor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18960,"text":"School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70169113,"text":"70169113 - 2016 - Geologic history of the Black Hills caves, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T10:18:18","indexId":"70169113","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic history of the Black Hills caves, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">Cave development in the Madison aquifer of the Black Hills has taken place in several stages. Mississippian carbonates first underwent eogenetic (early diagenetic) reactions with interbedded sulfates to form breccias and solution voids. Later subaerial exposure allowed oxygenated meteoric water to replace sulfates with calcite and to form karst and small caves. All were later buried by ~2 km of Pennsylvanian&ndash;Cretaceous strata.</p>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Groundwater flow and speleogenesis in the Madison aquifer were renewed by erosional exposure during Laramide uplift. Post-Laramide speleogenesis enlarged paleokarst voids. Most interpretations of this process in the Black Hills invoke rising thermal water, but they fail to account for the cave patterns. Few passages extend downdip below the present water table or updip to outcrops. None reaches the base of the Madison Limestone, and few reach the top. Major caves underlie a thin cover of basal Pennsylvanian&ndash;Permian Minnelusa Formation (interbedded quartzarenite and carbonates). Water infiltrating through the Minnelusa Formation dissolves carbonates in a nearly closed system, producing low&nbsp;<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, while recharge directly into Madison outcrops has a much higher&nbsp;<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. Both are at or near calcite saturation when they enter caves, but their mixture is undersaturated.</p>\n<p id=\"p-3\">The caves reveal four phases of calcite deposition: eogenetic ferroan calcite (Mississippian replacement of sulfates); white scalenohedra in paleovoids deposited during deep post-Mississippian burial; palisade crusts formed during blockage of springs by Oligocene&ndash;Miocene continental sediments; and laminated crusts from late Pleistocene water-table fluctuations. The caves reveal more than 300 m.y. of geologic history and a close relationship to regional geologic events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2516(07)","usgsCitation":"Palmer, A., Palmer, M., and Paces, J.B., 2016, Geologic history of the Black Hills caves, South Dakota: GSA Special Papers, v. 516, p. 87-101, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2516(07).","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059200","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": 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