{"pageNumber":"1174","pageRowStart":"29325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40893,"records":[{"id":70023251,"text":"70023251 - 2001 - Using absolute gravimeter data to determine vertical gravity gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023251","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2718,"text":"Metrologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using absolute gravimeter data to determine vertical gravity gradients","docAbstract":"The position versus time data from a free-fall absolute gravimeter can be used to estimate the vertical gravity gradient in addition to the gravity value itself. Hipkin has reported success in estimating the vertical gradient value using a data set of unusually good quality. This paper explores techniques that may be applicable to a broader class of data that may be contaminated with \"system response\" errors of larger magnitude than were evident in the data used by Hipkin. This system response function is usually modelled as a sum of exponentially decaying sinusoidal components. The technique employed here involves combining the x0, v0 and g parameters from all the drops made during a site occupation into a single least-squares solution, and including the value of the vertical gradient and the coefficients of system response function in the same solution. The resulting non-linear equations must be solved iteratively and convergence presents some difficulties. Sparse matrix techniques are used to make the least-squares problem computationally tractable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Metrologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/38/2/6","issn":"00261394","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D., 2001, Using absolute gravimeter data to determine vertical gravity gradients: Metrologia, v. 38, no. 2, p. 147-153, https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/38/2/6.","startPage":"147","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/38/2/6"},{"id":232315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc02ae4b08c986b329f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, D.S.","contributorId":74167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022994,"text":"70022994 - 2001 - Tests of peak flow scaling in simulated self-similar river networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022994","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tests of peak flow scaling in simulated self-similar river networks","docAbstract":"The effect of linear flow routing incorporating attenuation and network topology on peak flow scaling exponent is investigated for an instantaneously applied uniform runoff on simulated deterministic and random self-similar channel networks. The flow routing is modelled by a linear mass conservation equation for a discrete set of channel links connected in parallel and series, and having the same topology as the channel network. A quasi-analytical solution for the unit hydrograph is obtained in terms of recursion relations. The analysis of this solution shows that the peak flow has an asymptotically scaling dependence on the drainage area for deterministic Mandelbrot-Vicsek (MV) and Peano networks, as well as for a subclass of random self-similar channel networks. However, the scaling exponent is shown to be different from that predicted by the scaling properties of the maxima of the width functions. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00043-4","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Menabde, M., Veitzer, S., Gupta, V., and Sivapalan, M., 2001, Tests of peak flow scaling in simulated self-similar river networks: Advances in Water Resources, v. 24, no. 9-10, p. 991-999, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00043-4.","startPage":"991","endPage":"999","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00043-4"},{"id":233654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5e0e4b08c986b320d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menabde, M.","contributorId":10202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menabde","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veitzer, S.","contributorId":107890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veitzer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gupta, V.","contributorId":10959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gupta","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sivapalan, M.","contributorId":59587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sivapalan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008381,"text":"1008381 - 2001 - Pesticides and amphibian declines in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-12T16:45:59.66191","indexId":"1008381","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides and amphibian declines in California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several species of anuran amphibians have undergone drastic population declines in the western United States over the last 10 to 15 years. In California, the most severe declines are in the Sierra Mountains east of the Central Valley and downwind of the intensely agricultural San Joaquin Valley. In contrast, coastal and more northern populations across from the less agrarian Sacramento Valley are stable or declining less precipitously. In this article, we provide evidence that pesticides are instrumental in declines of these species. Using&nbsp;</span><i>Hyla regilla</i><span>&nbsp;as a sentinel species, we found that cholinesterase (ChE) activity in tadpoles was depressed in mountainous areas east of the Central Valley compared with sites along the coast or north of the Valley. Cholinesterase was also lower in areas where ranid population status was poor or moderate compared with areas with good ranid status. Up to 50% of the sampled population in areas with reduced ChE had detectable organophosphorus residues, with concentrations as high as 190 ppb wet weight. In addition, up to 86% of some populations had measurable endosulfan concentrations and 40% had detectable 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, 4,4′-DDT, and 2,4′-DDT residues.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620200725","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., Fellers, G.M., and McConnell, L., 2001, Pesticides and amphibian declines in California, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1591-1595, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200725.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1591","endPage":"1595","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478992,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.529.9781","text":"External Repository"},{"id":130806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Volcanic National Park, Sequoia National Park, Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.06884765625,\n              37.77071473849609\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.288818359375,\n              37.77071473849609\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.288818359375,\n              38.212288054388175\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.06884765625,\n              38.212288054388175\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.06884765625,\n              37.77071473849609\n            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   ],\n            [\n              -120.02014160156249,\n              37.496652341233364\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.1514892578125,\n              39.88866516883713\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.44311523437499,\n              39.88866516883713\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.44311523437499,\n              40.9218144123785\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1514892578125,\n              40.9218144123785\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1514892578125,\n              39.88866516883713\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68833c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, Donald W.","contributorId":7220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConnell, Laura","contributorId":57411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015148,"text":"1015148 - 2001 - New approaches for sampling and modeling native and exotic plant species richness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T11:34:02","indexId":"1015148","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New approaches for sampling and modeling native and exotic plant species richness","docAbstract":"<p>We demonstrate new multi-phase, multi-scale approaches for sampling and modeling native and exotic plant species to predict the spread of invasive species and aid in control efforts. Our test site is a 54,000-ha portion of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. This work is based on previous research wherein we developed vegetation sampling techniques to identify hot spots of diversity, important rare habitats, and locations of invasive plant species. Here we demonstrate statistical modeling tools to rapidly assess current patterns of native and exotic plant species to determine which habitats are most vulnerable to invasion by exotic species. We use stepwise multiple regression and modified residual kriging to estimate numbers of native species and exotic species, as well as probability of observing an exotic species in 30 × 30-m cells. Final models accounted for 62% of the variability observed in number of native species, 51% of the variability observed in number of exotic species, and 47% of the variability associated with observing an exotic species. Important independent variables used in developing the models include geographical location, elevation, slope, aspect, and Landsat TM bands 1-7. These models can direct resource managers to areas in need of further inventory, monitoring, and exotic species control efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Chong, G., Reich, R., Kalkhan, M.A., and Stohlgren, T., 2001, New approaches for sampling and modeling native and exotic plant species richness: Western North American Naturalist, v. 61, no. 3, p. 328-335.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14845,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717178 "}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chong, G.W.","contributorId":54153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reich, R.M.","contributorId":68258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalkhan, M. A.","contributorId":82655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalkhan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022743,"text":"70022743 - 2001 - Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:20:29","indexId":"70022743","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Genetic markers that differ in mode of inheritance and rate of evolution (a sex-linked Z-specific microsatellite locus, five biparentally inherited microsatellite loci, and maternally inherited mitochondrial [mtDNA] sequences) were used to evaluate the degree of spatial genetic structuring at macro- and microgeographic scales, among breeding regions and local nesting populations within each region, respectively, for a migratory sea duck species, the spectacled eider (</span><i>Somateria fisheri</i><span>). Disjunct and declining breeding populations coupled with sex-specific differences in seasonal migratory patterns and life history provide a series of hypotheses regarding rates and directionality of gene flow among breeding populations from the Indigirka River Delta, Russia, and the North Slope and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The degree of differentiation in mtDNA haplotype frequency among breeding regions and populations within regions was high (ϕ</span><sub>CT</sub><span> = 0.189, </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.01; ϕ</span><sub>SC</sub><span> = 0.059, </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.01, respectively). Eleven of 17 mtDNA haplotypes were restricted to a single breeding region. Genetic differences among regions were considerably lower for nuclear DNA loci (sex-linked: ϕ</span><sub>ST</sub><span> = 0.001, </span><i>P</i><span> &gt; 0.05; biparentally inherited microsatellites: mean θ = 0.001, </span><i>P</i><span> &gt; 0.05) than was observed for mtDNA. Using models explicitly designed for uniparental and biparentally inherited genes, estimates of spatial divergence based on nuclear and mtDNA data together with elements of the species' breeding ecology were used to estimate effective population size and degree of male and female gene flow. Differences in the magnitude and spatial patterns of gene correlations for maternally inherited and nuclear genes revealed that females exhibit greater natal philopatry than do males. Estimates of generational female and male rates of gene flow among breeding regions differed markedly (3.67 × 10</span><sup>−4</sup><span> and 1.28 × 10</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, respectively). Effective population size for mtDNA was estimated to be at least three times lower than that for biparental genes (30,671 and 101,528, respectively). Large disparities in population sizes among breeding areas greatly reduces the proportion of total genetic variance captured by dispersal, which may accelerate rates of inbreeding (i.e., promote higher coancestries) within populations due to nonrandom pairing of males with females from the same breeding population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2105:SBGFIS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00143820","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., Petersen, M.R., Fields, R.L., Talbot, S.L., Pearce, J.M., and Chesser, R.K., 2001, Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance: Evolution, v. 55, no. 10, p. 2105-2115, https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2105:SBGFIS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2105","endPage":"2115","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Indigirka River Delta, North Slope [Alaska], Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","volume":"55","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8daee4b08c986b3184d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fields, Raymond L.","contributorId":182354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chesser, Ronald K.","contributorId":113098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1015152,"text":"1015152 - 2001 - Does habitat fragmentation influence nest predation in the shortgrass prairie?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T23:14:30","indexId":"1015152","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does habitat fragmentation influence nest predation in the shortgrass prairie?","docAbstract":"We examined the effects of habitat fragmentation and vegetation structure of shortgrass prairie and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands on predation rates of artificial and natural nests in northeastern Colorado. The CRP provides federal payments to landowners to take highly erodible cropland out of agricultural production. In our study area, CRP lands have been reseeded primarily with non-native grasses, and this vegetation is taller than native shortgrass prairie. We measured three indices of habitat fragmentation (patch size, degree of matrix fragmentation, and distance from edge), none of which influenced mortality rates of artificial or natural nests. Vegetation structure did influence predation rates of artificial nests; daily mortality decreased significantly with increasing vegetation height. Vegetation structure did not influence predation rates of natural nests. CRP lands and shortgrass sites did not differ with respect to mortality rates of artificial nests. Our study area is only moderately fragmented; 62% of the study area is occupied by native grassland. We conclude that the extent of habitat fragmentation in our study area does not result in increased predation in remaining patches of shortgrass prairie habitat.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0530:DHFINP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Howard, M., Skagen, S., and Kennedy, P., 2001, Does habitat fragmentation influence nest predation in the shortgrass prairie?: The Condor, v. 103, no. 3, p. 530-536, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0530:DHFINP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"530","endPage":"536","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0530:dhfinp]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db636153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, M.N.","contributorId":80237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, P.L.","contributorId":78680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008261,"text":"1008261 - 2001 - Sexual segregation in Roosevelt Elk: Cropping rates and aggression in mixed sex groups","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T09:42:25","indexId":"1008261","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual segregation in Roosevelt Elk: Cropping rates and aggression in mixed sex groups","docAbstract":"<p><span>Few studies of sexual segregation in ruminants have tested widely invoked mechanisms of segregation in mixed-sex groups. In a sexually segregated population of Roosevelt elk (</span><i>Cervus elaphus roosevelti</i><span>), we examined if adult males had reduced intake of forage when in mixed-sex groups and if intersexual differences in aggression caused females to avoid males. Based on a mechanistic model of forage intake, animals with lower instantaneous feed intake should have higher cropping rates. Focal animal sampling indicated that adult males and females in summer and winter had similar cropping rates in mixed-sex groups, whereas males in male-only groups had lower rates of cropping than males in mixed-sex groups. Outside the mating season, males in male groups spent proportionally less time ≤1 body length of congenders than females in female groups, and the rate of aggression ≤1 body length was higher for males. Female–female aggression was higher in mixed-sex groups that contained more males than the median proportion of males in mixed-sex groups. Female and mixed-sex groups walked away when groups of males numbering &gt;6 were ≤50 m but did not walk away when male groups ≤50 m had ≤5 individuals. Sexual segregation was associated with behaviors of sexes in mixed-sex groups: reduced intake of forage by males and increased female–female aggression with more males.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0825:SSIREC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Weckerly, F.F., Ricca, M., and Meyer, K.P., 2001, Sexual segregation in Roosevelt Elk: Cropping rates and aggression in mixed sex groups: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 82, no. 3, p. 825-835, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0825:SSIREC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"825","endPage":"835","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b7e4b07f02db5ccb70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weckerly, Floyd F.","contributorId":77485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weckerly","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":39736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Katherin P.","contributorId":97856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Katherin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023711,"text":"70023711 - 2001 - Paleomagnetic data bearing on style of Miocene deformation in the Lake Mead area, Southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023711","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic data bearing on style of Miocene deformation in the Lake Mead area, Southern Nevada","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic and structural data from intermediate to mafic composition lava flows and related dikes in all major blocks of the late Miocene Hamblin-Cleopatra Volcano, which was structurally dismembered during the development of the Lake Mead Fault System (LMFS), provide limits on the magnitude and sense of tilting and vertical axis rotation of crust during extension of this part of the Basin and Range province. Sinistral separation along the fault system dissected the volcano into three major blocks. The eastern, Cleopatra Lobe of the volcano is structurally the most intact section of the volcano. Normal and reverse polarity data from paleomagnetic sites collected along traverses in the Cleopatra Lobe yield an in situ grand mean of Declination (D) = 339??, Inclination (I) = +54??, ??95 = 3.1??, k = 27.2, N = 81 sites. The rocks of the central core of the volcano yield an in situ grand mean of D = 3??, I = + 59??, ??95 = 6.8??, k = 42.5, N = 11 sites (six normal, five reverse polarity). Sites collected within the western Hamblin Lobe of the volcano are exclusively of reverse polarity and yield an overall in situ mean of D = 168??, I = -58??, ??95 = 6.5??. k = 28.9, N = 18 sites. Interpretation of the paleomagnetic data in the context of the structural history of the volcano and surrounding area, considers the possibility of two different types of structural corrections. A stratigraphic tilt correction involves restoring flows to the horizontal using the present strike. This correction assumes no initial, possibly radial, dip of flows of the volcano and is considered invalid. A structural tilt correction to the data assumes that dikes of the radiating swarm associated with the volcano were originally vertical and results in block mean directions of D = 9??, I = +53??, ??95 = 3.1??, k = 27.2, and D = 58??, I = + 78??, ??95 = 6.8, k = 42.5, for the Cleopatra Lobe and the central intrusive core, respectively. The data from the Cleopatra Lobe are slightly discordant, in a clockwise sense, from expected middle- to late-Miocene field directions. The data from the volcano are not consistent with a proposed structural model of uniform, moderate magnitude, statistically significant, counter-clockwise vertical axis rotation of fault-bounded blocks during overall sinsitral displacement along the LMFS. We also analyzed dikes of the northernmost part of the Miocene Wilson Ridge hypabyssal igneous complex, strata of the Triassic Chinle Formation, and basalt flows of the Miocene West End Wash/Callville Mesa volcanic centers. Dikes in the Wilson Ridge pluton and the Triassic strata yield magnetizations with directions suggestive of statistically significant, clockwise, vertical-axis rotations consistent with local, large-magnitude shear of crustal fragments near some of the faults of the LMFS. Late Cenozoic deformation of the Hamblin-Cleopatra volcano area appears to have been non-uniform in scale and magnitude and no single structural model, involving strictly strike-slip faulting, can account for the observed paleomagnetic data. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00191-7","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Wawrzyniec, T., Geissman, J.W., Anderson, R., Harlan, S.S., and Faulds, J., 2001, Paleomagnetic data bearing on style of Miocene deformation in the Lake Mead area, Southern Nevada: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1255-1279, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00191-7.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1279","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00191-7"},{"id":232665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7409e4b0c8380cd773d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wawrzyniec, T.F.","contributorId":75721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wawrzyniec","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geissman, J. W.","contributorId":105760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, R.E.","contributorId":91479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Faulds, J.","contributorId":80458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulds","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1014990,"text":"1014990 - 2001 - The effect of depuration on transmission of Aeromonas salmonicida between the freshwater bivalve Amblema plicata Arctic char","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T15:20:21.75173","indexId":"1014990","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effect of depuration on transmission of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> between the freshwater bivalve <i>Amblema plicata</i> Arctic char","title":"The effect of depuration on transmission of Aeromonas salmonicida between the freshwater bivalve Amblema plicata Arctic char","docAbstract":"<p><span>A model system was used to study bacterial fish pathogen transmission between the freshwater bivalve&nbsp;</span><i>Amblema plicata</i><span>&nbsp;and two strains (Nauyuk and Labrador) of Arctic char&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus alpinus. Aeromonas salmonicida</i><span>, the cause of fish furunculosis, was readily transmitted from Arctic char to&nbsp;</span><i>A. plicata</i><span>&nbsp;and vice versa via simple cohabitation. Clinical furunculosis was artificially established in Nauyuk Arctic char via horizontal exposure to Labrador Arctic char that received intraperitoneal injections of&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida.</i><span>&nbsp;After the Nauyuk Arctic char began to die,&nbsp;</span><i>A. plicata</i><span>&nbsp;were placed in the tank with the fish. After 33 d of cohabitation, a group of 10&nbsp;</span><i>A. plicata</i><span>&nbsp;was cultured, and&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;was isolated from all 10. The remaining&nbsp;</span><i>A. plicata</i><span>&nbsp;were transferred to other tanks being supplied with specific-pathogen-free water. At 1, 5, 15, and 30 d after transfer, 60 uninfected Labrador Arctic char were cohabitated with the&nbsp;</span><i>A. plicata.</i><span>&nbsp;Transmission of&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;from&nbsp;</span><i>A. plicata</i><span>&nbsp;to the Arctic char was evaluated via fish mortality and bacterial culture after 3–4 weeks of exposure. Mortality to&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;occurred in groups exposed to&nbsp;</span><i>A. plicata</i><span>&nbsp;after 1 and 5 d of depuration but not in groups exposed after 15 and 30 d. The bacterium was not isolated from either the&nbsp;</span><i>A. plicata</i><span>&nbsp;or the Arctic char in the 15- and 30-d groups. Results indicate that the current minimum 30-d quarantine of freshwater bivalves destined for relocation to prevent spread of zebra mussels&nbsp;</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>&nbsp;is sufficient to allow depuration of a fish pathogen and, thus, to prevent the spread of disease.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0056:TEODOT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Starliper, C.E., 2001, The effect of depuration on transmission of Aeromonas salmonicida between the freshwater bivalve Amblema plicata Arctic char: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 13, no. 1, p. 56-62, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0056:TEODOT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Wood County","otherGeospatial":"Muskingum Island, Ohio River, Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.44609948291667,\n              39.40940231416235\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.44833204930413,\n              39.407146578493325\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.44833204930413,\n              39.39540230530167\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.43914417994108,\n              39.393676991257905\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.43983112344486,\n              39.37502760563257\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.40290791011904,\n              39.37748350356944\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4035089856851,\n              39.37821361872773\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.40668609938956,\n              39.387969879303995\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.40951974134244,\n              39.39148710814388\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4110653642261,\n              39.39321247634115\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.41802066720106,\n              39.398720097001444\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.42866829150942,\n              39.405487902772705\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.43528012273283,\n              39.408340800584284\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.44661469054434,\n              39.410397468465476\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.44609948291667,\n              39.40940231416235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starliper, C. E.","contributorId":59739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023248,"text":"70023248 - 2001 - A two-dimensional, time-dependent model of suspended sediment transport and bed reworking for continental shelves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023248","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A two-dimensional, time-dependent model of suspended sediment transport and bed reworking for continental shelves","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, time-dependent solution to the transport equation is formulated to account for advection and diffusion of sediment suspended in the bottom boundary layer of continental shelves. This model utilizes a semi-implicit, upwind-differencing scheme to solve the advection-diffusion equation across a two-dimensional transect that is configured so that one dimension is the vertical, and the other is a horizontal dimension usually aligned perpendicular to shelf bathymetry. The model calculates suspended sediment concentration and flux; and requires as input wave properties, current velocities, sediment size distributions, and hydrodynamic sediment properties. From the calculated two-dimensional suspended sediment fluxes, we quantify the redistribution of shelf sediment, bed erosion, and deposition for several sediment sizes during resuspension events. The two-dimensional, time-dependent approach directly accounts for cross-shelf gradients in bed shear stress and sediment properties, as well as transport that occurs before steady-state suspended sediment concentrations have been attained. By including the vertical dimension in the calculations, we avoid depth-averaging suspended sediment concentrations and fluxes, and directly account for differences in transport rates and directions for fine and coarse sediment in the bottom boundary layer. A flux condition is used as the bottom boundary condition for the transport equation in order to capture time-dependence of the suspended sediment field. Model calculations demonstrate the significance of both time-dependent and spatial terms on transport and depositional patterns on continental shelves. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00122-9","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Harris, C.K., and Wiberg, P., 2001, A two-dimensional, time-dependent model of suspended sediment transport and bed reworking for continental shelves: Computers & Geosciences, v. 27, no. 6, p. 675-690, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00122-9.","startPage":"675","endPage":"690","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00122-9"},{"id":232275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e608e4b0c8380cd47101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, C. K.","contributorId":80337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiberg, P.L.","contributorId":33827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiberg","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016142,"text":"1016142 - 2001 - Raptor electrocution on power lines: Current issues and outlook","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1016142","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raptor electrocution on power lines: Current issues and outlook","docAbstract":"Electrocution on power lines is one of many human-caused mortality factors that affect raptors. Cost-effective and relatively simple raptor-safe standards for power line modification and construction have been available for over 25 years. During the 1970s and early 1980s, electric industry efforts to reduce raptor electrocutions were very coordinated and proactive, but predictions about resolving the problem were overly optimistic. Today, raptors continue to be electrocuted, possibly in large numbers. The electrocution problem has not been resolved, partly because of the sheer number of potentially lethal power poles in use and partly because electrocution risks may be more pervasive and sometimes less conspicuous than once believed. Also, responses to the problem by individual utilities have not been uniform, and deregulation of the electric industry during the 1990s may have deflected attention from electrocution issues. To control raptor electrocutions in the future, the industry must increase information sharing and technology transfer, increase efforts to retrofit lethal power poles, and above all ensure that every new and replacement line constructed incorporates raptor-safe standards at all phases of development. Finally, responsibility for the electrocution problem must be shared. Federal, state, and local governments, academic institutions, the conservation community, and the consumer all can play critical roles in an effort that will, by necessity, extend well into the new century. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Lehman, R.N., 2001, Raptor electrocution on power lines: Current issues and outlook: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 29, no. 3, p. 804-813.","productDescription":"p. 804-813","startPage":"804","endPage":"813","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64938a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehman, Robert N.","contributorId":47746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015146,"text":"1015146 - 2001 - Susceptibility of the Siberian polecat to subcutaneous and oral Yersinia pestis exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T13:16:54","indexId":"1015146","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Susceptibility of the Siberian polecat to subcutaneous and oral <i>Yersinia pestis</i> exposure","title":"Susceptibility of the Siberian polecat to subcutaneous and oral Yersinia pestis exposure","docAbstract":"<p><span>To determine if the Siberian polecat (</span><i>Mustela eversmannii</i><span>) represents a suitable model for the study of plague pathogenesis and prevention in the black-footed ferret (</span><i>Mustela nigripes</i><span>), polecats were exposed to 10</span><sup>3</sup><span>, 10</span><sup>7</sup><span>, or 10</span><sup>10</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Yersinia pestis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>organisms by subcutaneous injection; an additional group was exposed to<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Y. pestis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>via ingestion of a plague-killed mouse. Plague killed 88% of polecats exposed to<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Y. pestis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(71% mortality in the 10</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>group, 100% mortality in the 10</span><sup>7</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and 10</span><sup>10</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>groups, and 83% mortality in the mouse-fed group). Within the challenged group, mean day of death post-challenge ranged from 3.6 to 7.6 days; all polecats died on or before day 12 post-challenge. Animals receiving the lowest parenteral dose survived significantly longer than those receiving higher parenteral doses. Within challenged animals, mean survival time was lower in those presenting with significant weight loss by day 3, lethargy, and low fecal output; time to onset of lethargy and other signs was also related to risk of dying and/or plague dose. Six polecats developed serum antibody titers to the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Y. pestis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>F1 protein. Three seropositive polecats survived the initial challenge and a subsequent exposure to a plague-killed mouse, while two seropositive animals later died. This study confirms that the Siberian polecat is susceptible to plague and suggests that this species will offer an appropriate surrogate for black-footed ferrets in future plague studies and related vaccine trials.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.746","usgsCitation":"Castle, K., Biggins, D., Carter, L., Chu, M., Innes, K., and Wimsatt, J., 2001, Susceptibility of the Siberian polecat to subcutaneous and oral Yersinia pestis exposure: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 4, p. 746-754, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.746.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"746","endPage":"754","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.746","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castle, K.T.","contributorId":60592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, D.","contributorId":53343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, L.G.","contributorId":105676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chu, M.","contributorId":74722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Innes, Kim","contributorId":47744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Innes","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wimsatt, J.","contributorId":78289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimsatt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023119,"text":"70023119 - 2001 - Mountains on Io: High-resolution Galileo observations, initial interpretations, and formation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T17:37:05.095565","indexId":"70023119","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mountains on Io: High-resolution Galileo observations, initial interpretations, and formation models","docAbstract":"<p><span>During three close flybys in late 1999 and early 2000 the Galileo spacecraft acquired new observations of the mountains that tower above Io's surface. These images have revealed surprising variety in the mountains' morphologies. They range from jagged peaks several kilometers high to lower, rounded structures. Some are very smooth, others are covered by numerous parallel ridges. Many mountains have margins that are collapsing outward in large landslides or series of slump blocks, but a few have steep, scalloped scarps. From these observations we can gain insight into the structure and material properties of Io's crust as well as into the erosional processes acting on Io. We have also investigated formation mechanisms proposed for these structures using finite-element analysis. Mountain formation might be initiated by global compression due to the high rate of global subsidence associated with Io's high resurfacing rate; however, our models demonstrate that this hypothesis lacks a mechanism for isolating the mountains. The large fraction (∼40%) of mountains that are associated with paterae suggests that in some cases these features are tectonically related. Therefore we have also simulated the stresses induced in Io's crust by a combination of a thermal upwelling in the mantle with global lithospheric compression and have shown that this can focus compressional stresses. If this mechanism is responsible for some of Io's mountains, it could also explain the common association of mountains with paterae.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001354","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Turtle, E.P., Jaeger, W.L., Keszthelyi, L., McEwen, A.S., Milazzo, M.P., Moore, J., Phillips, C.B., Radebaugh, J., Simonelli, D.P., Schuster, P., and Galileo SSI Team, 2001, Mountains on Io: High-resolution Galileo observations, initial interpretations, and formation models: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E12, p. 33175-33199, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001354.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"33175","endPage":"33199","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Io","volume":"106","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ebbe4b0c8380cd70c3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turtle, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":45443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moore, Jeff","contributorId":49059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phillips, Cynthia B.","contributorId":210488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Simonelli, Damon P.","contributorId":210484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simonelli","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schuster, Peter","contributorId":61607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Galileo SSI Team","contributorId":299582,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Galileo SSI Team","id":858120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70022991,"text":"70022991 - 2001 - Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022991","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites","docAbstract":"The Re-Os isotopic systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondrites were investigated in order to shed light on the behavior of the Re-Os system in bulk chondrites, and to constrain the timing of chemical fractionation in primitive chondrites. CAIs with relatively unfractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns (groups I, III, V, VI) define a narrow range of 187Re/188Os (0.3764-0.4443) and 187Os/188Os (0.12599-0.12717), and high but variable Re and Os abundances (3209-41,820 ppb Os). In contrast, CAIs that show depletions in highly refractory elements and strongly fractionated REE patterns (group II) also show a much larger range in 187Re/188Os (0.409-0.535) and 187Os/188Os (0.12695-0.13770), and greater than an order of magnitude lower Re and Os abundances than other groups (e.g., 75.7-680.2 ppb Os). Sixteen bulk CAIs and CAI splits plot within analytical uncertainty of a 4558 Ga reference isochron, as is expected for materials of this antiquity. Eight samples, however, plot off the isochron. Several possible reasons for these deviations are discussed. Data for multiple splits of one CAI indicate that the nonisochronous behavior for at least this CAI is the result of Re-Os reequilibration at approximately 1.6 Ga. Thus, the most likely explanation for the deviations of most of the nonisochronous CAIs is late-stage open-system behavior of Re and Os in the asteroidal environment. The 187Os/188Os-Os systematics of CAIs are consistent with previous models that indicate group II CAIs are mixtures of components that lost the bulk of their highly refractory elements in a previous condensation event and a minor second component that provided refractory elements at chondritic relative proportions. The high Re/Os of group II CAIs relative to other CAIs and chondrite bulk rocks may have been caused by variable mobilization of Re and Os during medium- to low-temperature parent body alteration ??4.5 Ga ago. This model is favored over nebular models, which pose several difficulties. The narrow range of 187Os/188Os in group I, III, V, and VI bulk CAIs, and the agreement with 187Os/188Os of whole rock carbonaceous chondrites suggest that on a bulk inclusion scale, secondary alteration only modestly fractionated Re/Os in these CAIs. The average of 187Os/188Os for group I, III, V, and VI CAIs is indistinguishable from average CI chondrites, indicating a modern solar system value for 187Os/188Os of 0.12650, corresponding to a 187Re/188Os of 0.3964. Copyright ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00676-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Becker, H., Morgan, J.W., Walker, R., MacPherson, G., and Grossman, J.N., 2001, Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, no. 19, p. 3379-3390, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00676-7.","startPage":"3379","endPage":"3390","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00676-7"},{"id":233583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad39e4b0c8380cd86e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, H.","contributorId":103037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacPherson, G.J.","contributorId":84920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacPherson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022976,"text":"70022976 - 2001 - Bird-landscape relations in the Chihuahuan Desert: Coping with uncertainties about predictive models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T17:29:53.770218","indexId":"70022976","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird-landscape relations in the Chihuahuan Desert: Coping with uncertainties about predictive models","docAbstract":"<p>During the springs of 1995–1997, we studied birds and landscapes in the Chihuahuan Desert along part of the Texas–Mexico border. Our objectives were to assess bird–landscape relations and their interannual consistency and to identify ways to cope with associated uncertainties that undermine confidence in using such relations in conservation decision processes. Bird distributions were often significantly associated with landscape features, and many bird–landscape models were valid and useful for predictive purposes. Differences in early spring rainfall appeared to influence bird abundance, but there was no evidence that annual differences in bird abundance affected model consistency. Model consistency for richness (42%) was higher than mean model consistency for 26 focal species (mean 30%, range 0–67%), suggesting that relations involving individual species are, on average, more subject to factors that cause variation than are richness–landscape relations. Consistency of bird–landscape relations may be influenced by such factors as plant succession, exotic species invasion, bird species' tolerances for environmental variation, habitat occupancy patterns, and variation in food density or weather. The low model consistency that we observed for most species indicates the high variation in bird–landscape relations that managers and other decision makers may encounter.</p><p>The uncertainty of interannual variation in bird–landscape relations can be reduced by using projections of bird distributions from different annual models to determine the likely range of temporal and spatial variation in a species' distribution. Stochastic simulation models can be used to incorporate the uncertainty of random environmental variation into predictions of bird distributions based on bird–landscape relations and to provide probabilistic projections with which managers can weigh the costs and benefits of various decisions. Uncertainty about the true structure of bird–landscape relations (structural uncertainty) can be reduced by ensuring that models meet important statistical assumptions, designing studies with sufficient statistical power, validating the predictive ability of models, and improving model accuracy through continued field sampling and model fitting. Uncertainty associated with sampling variation (partial observability) can be reduced by ensuring that sample sizes are large enough to provide precise estimates of both bird and landscape parameters. By decreasing the uncertainty due to partial observability, managers will improve their ability to reduce structural uncertainty.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1517:BLRITC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Gutzwiller, K., and Barrow, W., 2001, Bird-landscape relations in the Chihuahuan Desert: Coping with uncertainties about predictive models: Ecological Applications, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1517-1532, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1517:BLRITC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1517","endPage":"1532","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Chihuahuan Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.5179443359375,\n              31.770207631866715\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.7596435546875,\n              31.527043924837933\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4794921875,\n              30.65681556429287\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.699462890625,\n              29.262440796698915\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.7054443359375,\n              28.44937385955666\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.02978515625,\n              28.256005619824972\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.3870849609375,\n              28.825425374477224\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.2113037109375,\n              29.171348850951507\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.5301513671875,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.48071289062499,\n              28.66649117698661\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.2996826171875,\n              27.068909095463365\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.008544921875,\n              25.78999956287362\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.55859375,\n              24.657002173279082\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.064208984375,\n              25.888878582127084\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.152099609375,\n              26.342652809380578\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.382568359375,\n              27.401032392938866\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.107421875,\n              30.306503259848835\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.898193359375,\n              30.883369321692268\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.458251953125,\n              30.38235321766959\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.435791015625,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5179443359375,\n              31.770207631866715\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1b7e4b0c8380cd4adc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutzwiller, K.J.","contributorId":78124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":11183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015133,"text":"1015133 - 2001 - Simulated limnological effects of the Shasta Lake temperature control device","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:40:41","indexId":"1015133","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated limnological effects of the Shasta Lake temperature control device","docAbstract":"<p>We estimated the effects of a temperature control device (TCD) on a suite of thermodynamic and limnological attributes for a large storage reservoir, Shasta Lake, in northern California. Shasta Dam was constructed in 1945 with a fixed-elevation penstock. The TCD was installed in 1997 to improve downstream temperatures for endangered salmonids by releasing epilimnetic waters in the winter/spring and hypolimnetic waters in the summer/fall. We calibrated a two-dimensional hydrodynamic reservoir water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, and applied a structured design-of-experiment simulation procedure to predict the principal limnological effects of the TCD under a variety of environmental scenarios. Calibration goodness-of-fit ranged from good to poor depending on the constituent simulated, with an <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.9 for water temperature but 0.3 for phytoplankton. Although the chemical and thermal characteristics of the discharge changed markedly, the reservoir's characteristics remained relatively unchanged. Simulations showed the TCD causing an earlier onset and shorter duration of summer stratification, but no dramatic affect on Shasta's nutrient composition. Peak in-reservoir phytoplankton production may begin earlier and be stronger in the fall with the TCD, while outfall phytoplankton concentrations may be much greater in the spring. Many model predictions differed from our <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a priori</i> expectations that had been shaped by an intensive, but limited-duration, data collection effort. Hydrologic and meteorological variables, most notably reservoir carryover storage at the beginning of the calendar year, influenced model predictions much more strongly than the TCD. Model results indicate that greater control over reservoir limnology and release quality may be gained by carefully managing reservoir volume through the year than with the TCD alone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s0026702324","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., Hanna, R., Saito, L., Lieberman, D., and Horn, M., 2001, Simulated limnological effects of the Shasta Lake temperature control device: Environmental Management, v. 27, no. 4, p. 609-626, https://doi.org/10.1007/s0026702324.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"626","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.","contributorId":62181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanna, R.B.","contributorId":48922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saito, L.","contributorId":59402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saito","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lieberman, D.","contributorId":32396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lieberman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horn, M.","contributorId":7962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015145,"text":"1015145 - 2001 - Modeling Klamath River system operations for quantity and quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T12:57:37","indexId":"1015145","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling Klamath River system operations for quantity and quality","docAbstract":"<p><span>Alternative water management scenarios for a portion of the mainstem Klamath River from Keno, Oregon, to Seiad Valley, California, were evaluated using computer models of water quantity (MODSIM) and quality (HEC-5Q). These models were used to explore the potential for changing system operations to improve summer/fall water quality conditions to benefit declining anadromous fish populations such as steelhead, coho, and fall chinook salmon. By comparing and contrasting several model simulation results, some operational strategies that could improve water quality were determined. Most of the alternatives evaluated decreased water temperature less than 2°C. For some alternatives, dissolved oxygen could be changed as much as 5 mg/L, but was often reduced, rather than increased (or improved). Resource managers need to be made aware that implementation of any strategy to enhance water quality conditions in the Klamath River could produce desirable beneficial results that are both spatially and temporally limited. In addition, undesirable water quality conditions, i.e., higher water temperature or lower dissolved oxygen concentration at other upstream or downstream locations, may also result.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:5(284)","usgsCitation":"Campbell, S.G., Hanna, R.B., Flug, M., and Scott, J.F., 2001, Modeling Klamath River system operations for quantity and quality: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 127, no. 5, p. 284-294, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:5(284).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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Blair","contributorId":67547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flug, Marshall","contributorId":56404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flug","given":"Marshall","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, John F.","contributorId":64418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015135,"text":"1015135 - 2001 - Influences of introduced plague on North American mammals: Implications from ecology of plague in Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T23:10:43","indexId":"1015135","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of introduced plague on North American mammals: Implications from ecology of plague in Asia","docAbstract":"<p>Intercontinental movements of invasive species continue to modify the world's ecosystems. The plague bacterium (<i>Yersinia pestis</i>) has colonized and altered animal communities worldwide but has received much more attention as a human pathogen. We reviewed studies on the ecology of <i>Y. pestis</i> in ancient foci of central Asia and in western North America, where the bacterium apparently has become established much more recently. Although rodent populations on both continents are affected dramatically by epizootics of plague, the epidemiologically important species of Asia demonstrate resistance in portions of their populations, whereas those of North America are highly susceptible. Individual variation in resistance, which is widespread in Asian rodents and allows a microevolutionary response, has been documented in few North American species of rodents. Plague increases costs of sociality and coloniality in susceptible hosts, increases benefits of disease resistance in general, and increases benefits of adaptability to variable environments for species at higher trophic levels. Prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys</i>) epitomize taxa with high risk to plague because prairie dogs have uniformly low resistance to plague and are highly social. Relationships to plague are poorly understood for many North American rodents, but more than one-half of the species of conservation concern occur within the geographic range of plague.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0906:IOIPON>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Biggins, E., and Kosoy, M., 2001, Influences of introduced plague on North American mammals: Implications from ecology of plague in Asia: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 82, no. 4, p. 906-916, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0906:IOIPON>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"906","endPage":"916","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0906:ioipon>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee57e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kosoy, M.Y.","contributorId":78283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosoy","given":"M.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023249,"text":"70023249 - 2001 - Toward linking maize chemistry to archaeological agricultural sites in the North American Southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T12:50:04","indexId":"70023249","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward linking maize chemistry to archaeological agricultural sites in the North American Southwest","docAbstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) was the staple domestic food crop for Ancestral Pueblo people throughout the northern American Southwest. It is thought to have been the basic food of the inhabitants of Chaco Canyon. New Mexico, a location that was a major centre of Ancestral Pueblo building and population during the 11th and early 12th centuries AD. Modern heirloom varieties of Native American corn have been difficult to grow in experimental fields in Chaco Canyon. Given an abundance of apparent storage structures in Chacoan buildings, it is possible that some corn recovered from archaeological contexts, was imported from surrounding areas. The ultimate goal of this research is to determine whether the corn in Chaco Canyon was grown locally or imported. This paper establishes the feasibility of a method to accomplish this goal. This study reports the results of using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) instrumentation to determine chemical constituents of experimental fields and modern heirloom varieties of Native American corn. Analysis of 19 elements is adequate to differentiate soil and corn from three field areas. These results are promising: however, a number of problems, including post-depositional alterations in maize, remain to be solved. ?? 2001 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jasc.2001.0598","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Cordell, L., Durand, S., Antweiler, R.C., and Taylor, H.E., 2001, Toward linking maize chemistry to archaeological agricultural sites in the North American Southwest: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 28, no. 5, p. 501-513, https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0598.","startPage":"501","endPage":"513","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0598"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b8e4b08c986b32685e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordell, L.S.","contributorId":63569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordell","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durand, S.R.","contributorId":87315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durand","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023503,"text":"70023503 - 2001 - Modern sedimentation on the shoreface and inner continental shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:35:44.990133","indexId":"70023503","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern sedimentation on the shoreface and inner continental shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A","docAbstract":"<p>The geologic framework and surficial morphology of the shoreface and inner continental shelf off the Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, barrier island were mapped using high-resolution sidescan-sonar, bathymetric, and seismic-reflection surveying techniques, a suite of over 200 diver vibracores, and extensive seafloor observations by divers. The inner shelf is a sediment-starved, active surface of marine erosion; modern sediments, where present, form a patchy veneer over Tertiary and Quaternary units. The lithology of the underlying units exerts a primary control on the distribution, texture, and composition of surficial sediments, as well as inner-shelf bathymetry.</p><p>The shoreface is dominated by a linear, cross-shore morphology of rippled scour depressions (RSDs) extending from just seaward of the surf zone onto the inner shelf. On the upper shoreface, the RSDs are incised up to 1 m below surrounding areas of fine sand, and have an asymmetric cross section that is steeper-sided to the north. On the inner shelf, the RSDs have a similar but more subdued cross-sectional profile. The depressions are floored primarily by shell hash and quartz gravel. Vibracore data show a thick (up to 1.5 m) sequence of RSD sediments that unconformably overlies ancient coastal lithosomes. In this sediment-starved inner shelf setting, rippled scour depressions probably form initially on preexisting coarse-sediment substrates such as modern lag deposits of paleofluvial channel lithosomes or ancient tidal inlet thalwegs. Interannual observations of seafloor morphologic change and the longer-term record contained in vibracores suggest that the present seafloor morphology is either relatively stable or represents a recurring, preferential morphologic state to which the seafloor returns after storm-induced perturbations. The apparent stability is interpreted to be the result of interactions at several scales that contribute to a repeating, self-reinforcing pattern of forcing and sedimentary response which ultimately causes the RSDs to be maintained as sediment-starved bedforms responding to both along-shore and across-shore flows.</p><p>Sediment accumulation from over 30 years of extensive beach nourishment at Wrightsville Beach appears to have exceeded the local shoreface accommodation space, resulting in the \"leaking\" of beach and shoreface sediment to the inner shelf. A macroscopically identifiable beach nourishment sediment on the shoreface and inner shelf was used to identify the decadal-scale pattern of sediment dispersal. The nourishment sediment is present in a seaward-thinning wedge that extends from the beach over a kilometer onto the inner shelf to waters depths of 14 m. This wedge is best developed offshore of the shoreline segment that has received the greatest volume of beach nourishment.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1306/032101710958","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Thieler, R., Pilkey, O., Cleary, W., and Schwab, W.C., 2001, Modern sedimentation on the shoreface and inner continental shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 71, no. 6, p. 958-970, https://doi.org/10.1306/032101710958.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"958","endPage":"970","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Wrightsville Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.81562203476128,\n              34.18743466787062\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.81493538925368,\n              34.18388461948598\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.80858391830607,\n              34.18629866864269\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.80463570663616,\n              34.19254647506095\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.79931420395098,\n              34.19921975702705\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7915894419882,\n              34.2084478936936\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.78077477524015,\n              34.22491405796035\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.76893014023032,\n              34.23910644406463\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.76961678573794,\n              34.24237035450281\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.77236336776905,\n              34.24336369342993\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.78352135727124,\n              34.2288881671807\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.79141778061111,\n              34.2171072260782\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.79450768539637,\n              34.21597162662759\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.79485100814986,\n              34.21157103419219\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.80446404525973,\n              34.19879381863886\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.81562203476128,\n              34.18743466787062\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca0e4b0c8380cd6fe30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieler, R.E.","contributorId":59988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilkey, O.H. Jr.","contributorId":20931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkey","given":"O.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleary, W.J.","contributorId":65254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleary","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023303,"text":"70023303 - 2001 - Fault zone amplified waves as a possible seismic hazard along the Calaveras fault in central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70023303","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault zone amplified waves as a possible seismic hazard along the Calaveras fault in central California","docAbstract":"The Calaveras fault lies within a low velocity zone (LVZ) 1-2 km wide near Gilroy, California. Accelerographs G06, located in the LVZ 1.2 km from the Calaveras fault, and G07, 4 km from G06, recorded both the M 6.2 1984 Morgan Hill and the M 6.9 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes. Comparison of the ground motions shows that a large 0.6-1.0 Hz velocity pulse observed at G06 during the Morgan Hill event may be amplified by focussing caused by the LVZ. Such amplified waves might be a mappable seismic hazard, and the zone of increased hazard can extend as much as 1.2 km from the surface trace of the fault. Finite-difference simulations of ground motions in a simplified LVZ model show a zone of amplified motion similar to the observations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011902","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Spudich, P., and Olsen, K., 2001, Fault zone amplified waves as a possible seismic hazard along the Calaveras fault in central California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 13, p. 2533-2536, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011902.","startPage":"2533","endPage":"2536","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478948,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011902","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011902"},{"id":232520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1ee4b0c8380cd5379c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, K.B.","contributorId":66022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023629,"text":"70023629 - 2001 - Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:45:03","indexId":"70023629","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Rhodamine WT dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin yield concentration-time curves with characteristically long recession times suggestive of active transient storage processes. The scale of drainage areas contributing to the stream reaches studied in the Willamette Basin ranges from 10 to 12,000 km2. A transient storage assessment of the tracer studies has been completed using the U.S. Geological Survey's One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) model, which incorporates storage exchange and decay functions along with the traditional dispersion and advection transport equation. The analysis estimates solute transport of the dye. It identifies first-order decay coefficients to be on the order of 10-5/sec for the nonconservative Rhodamine WT. On an individual subreach basis, the first-order decay is slower (typically by an order of magnitude) than the transient storage process, indicating that nonconservative tracers may be used to evaluate transient storage in rivers. In the transient storage analysis, a dimensionless parameter (As/A) expresses the spatial extent of storage zone area relative to stream cross section. In certain reaches of Willamette Basin pool-and-riffle, gravel-bed rivers, this parameter was as large as 0.5. A measure of the storage exchange flux was calculated for each stream subreach in the simulation analysis. This storage exchange is shown subjectively to be higher at higher stream discharges. Hyporheic linkage between streams and subsurface flows is the probable physical mechanism contributing to a significant part of this inferred active transient storage. Hyporheic linkages are further suggested by detailed measurements of river discharge with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler system delineating zones in two large rivers where water alternately enters and leaves the surface channels through graveland-cobble riverbeds. Measurements show patterns of hyporheic exchange that are highly variable in time and space.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00975.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Bencala, K., 2001, Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 367-377, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00975.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Basin","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb704e4b08c986b326ff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, A.","contributorId":92827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023698,"text":"70023698 - 2001 - Application of a nonlinear slug test model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T16:03:05.926659","indexId":"70023698","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a nonlinear slug test model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knowledge of the hydraulic conductivity distribution is of utmost importance in understanding the dynamics of an aquifer and in planning the consequences of any action taken upon that aquifer. Slug tests have been used extensively to measure hydraulic conductivity in the last 50 years since Hvorslev's (1951) work. A general nonlinear model based on the Navier-Stokes equation, nonlinear frictional loss, non-Darcian flow, acceleration effects, radius changes in the wellbore, and a Hvorslev model for the aquifer has been implemented in this work. The nonlinear model has three parameters: β, which is related primarily to radius changes in the water column; A, which is related to the nonlinear head losses; and K, the hydraulic conductivity. An additional parameter has been added representing the initial velocity of the water column at slug initiation and is incorporated into an analytical solution to generate the first time step before a sequential numerical solution generates the remainder of the time solution. Corrections are made to the model output for acceleration before it is compared to the experimental data. Sensitivity analysis and least squares fitting are used to estimate the aquifer parameters and produce some diagnostic results, which indicate the accuracy of the fit. Finally, an example of field data has been presented to illustrate the application of the model to data sets that exhibit nonlinear behavior. Multiple slug tests should be taken at a given location to test for nonlinear effects and to determine repeatability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02364.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"McElwee, C., 2001, Application of a nonlinear slug test model: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 5, p. 737-744, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02364.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"744","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec90e4b0c8380cd4934d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McElwee, C.D.","contributorId":66408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwee","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023700,"text":"70023700 - 2001 - Interparticle collision of natural sediment grains in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T10:23:37","indexId":"70023700","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interparticle collision of natural sediment grains in water","docAbstract":"<p><span>Elastohydrodynamic theory and measurements of particle impacts on an inclined glass plane in water are used to investigate the mechanics of interparticle collisions in sediment‐transporting flows. A collision Stokes number is proposed as a measure of the momentum of an interparticle collision versus the viscous pressure force in the interstitial gap between colliding particles. The viscous pressure force opposes motion of the particles on approach and rebound. A Stokes number of between 39 and 105 is estimated as the critical range below which particle impacts are completely viscously damped and above which impacts are partially elastic. The critical Stokes number is shown to roughly coincide with the Bagnold number transition between macroviscous and grain inertial debris flows and the transition between damped and partially elastic bed load transport saltation impacts. The nonspherical nature of natural particles significantly alters the motion of the center of mass after a partially elastic collision. The normal to the point of contact between the particles does not necessarily go through the center of mass. Thus normal rebound of the center of mass may not occur. A model of particle motion after rebound for particles of arbitrary shape, conserving both linear and angular momentum, is proposed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000531","usgsCitation":"Schmeeckle, M.W., Nelson, J.M., Pitlick, J., and Bennett, J.P., 2001, Interparticle collision of natural sediment grains in water: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 9, p. 2377-2391, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000531.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2377","endPage":"2391","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d4fe4b0c8380cd6347e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmeeckle, Mark W.","contributorId":178432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmeeckle","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitlick, John","contributorId":168765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitlick","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25358,"text":"University of Colorado, Geography Dept., Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, James P.","contributorId":100323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023706,"text":"70023706 - 2001 - Petrographic and geochemical evidence for the formation of primary, bacterially induced lacustrine dolomite: La Roda 'white earth' (Pliocene, Central Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023706","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrographic and geochemical evidence for the formation of primary, bacterially induced lacustrine dolomite: La Roda 'white earth' (Pliocene, Central Spain)","docAbstract":"Upper Pliocene dolomites ('white earth') from La Roda, Spain, offer a good opportunity to evaluate the process of dolomite formation in lakes. The relatively young nature of the deposits could allow a link between dolomites precipitated in modern lake systems and those present in older lacustrine formations. The La Roda Mg-carbonates (dolomite unit) occur as a 3??5- to 4-m- thick package of poorly indurated, white, massive dolomite beds with interbedded thin deposits of porous carbonate displaying root and desiccation traces as well as local lenticular gypsum moulds. The massive dolomite beds consist mainly of loosely packed 1- to 2-??m-sized aggregates of dolomite crystals exhibiting poorly developed faces, which usually results in a subrounded morphology of the crystals. Minute rhombs of dolomite are sparse within the aggregates. Both knobbly textures and clumps of spherical bodies covering the crystal surfaces indicate that bacteria were involved in the formation of the dolomites. In addition, aggregates of euhedral dolomite crystals are usually present in some more clayey (sepiolite) interbeds. The thin porous carbonate (mostly dolomite) beds exhibit both euhedral and subrounded, bacterially induced dolomite crystals. The carbonate is mainly Ca-dolomite (51-54 mol% CaCO3), showing a low degree of ordering (degree of ordering ranges from 0??27 to 0??48). Calcite is present as a subordinate mineral in some samples. Sr, Mn and Fe contents show very low correlation coefficients with Mg/Ca ratios, whereas SiO2 and K contents are highly correlated. ??18O- and ??13C-values in dolomites range from -3??07??? to 5??40??? PDB (mean = 0??06, ?? = 1??75) and from -6??34??? to -0??39??? PDB (mean = -3??55, ?? = 1??33) respectively. Samples containing significant amounts of both dolomite and calcite do not in general show significant enrichment or depletion in 18O and 13C between the two minerals. The correlation coefficient between ??18O and ??13C for dolomite is extremely low and negative (r = -0??05), whereas it is higher and positive (r = 0??47) for calcite. The lacustrine dolomite deposit from La Roda is interpreted mainly as a result of primary precipitation of dolomite in a shallow, hydrologically closed perennial lake. The lake was supplied by highly saturated HCO3-/CO32- groundwater that leached dolomitic Mesozoic formations. Precipitation of dolomite from alkaline lake waters took place under a semi-arid to arid climate. However, according to our isotopic data, strong evaporative conditions were not required for the formation of the La Roda dolomite. A significant contribution by bacteria to the formation of the dolomites is assumed in view of both petrographic and geochemical evidence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00388.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Garcia, D., Cura, M., Calvo, J.P., Ordonez, S., Jones, B., and Canaveras, J., 2001, Petrographic and geochemical evidence for the formation of primary, bacterially induced lacustrine dolomite: La Roda 'white earth' (Pliocene, Central Spain): Sedimentology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 897-915, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00388.x.","startPage":"897","endPage":"915","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478922,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00388.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207545,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00388.x"},{"id":232582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7791e4b0c8380cd7851a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Del","contributorId":72169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Del","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cura, M.A.","contributorId":92017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cura","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvo, J. P.","contributorId":24136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ordonez, S.","contributorId":100156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ordonez","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Canaveras, J.C.","contributorId":66885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canaveras","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}