Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) transports nutrients from a catchment to a lake, which may fuel eutrophication, one of the major threats to our fresh waters. Unfortunately, LGD has often been disregarded in lake nutrient studies. Most measurement techniques are based on separate determinations of volume and nutrient concentration of LGD: Loads are calculated by multiplying seepage volumes by concentrations of exfiltrating water. Typically low phosphorus (P) concentrations of pristine groundwater often are increased due to anthropogenic sources such as fertilizer, manure or sewage. Mineralization of naturally present organic matter might also increase groundwater P. Reducing redox conditions favour P transport through the aquifer to the reactive aquifer-lake interface. In some cases, large decreases of P concentrations may occur at the interface, for example, due to increased oxygen availability, while in other cases, there is nearly no decrease in P. The high reactivity of the interface complicates quantification of groundwater-borne P loads to the lake, making difficult clear differentiation of internal and external P loads to surface water. Anthropogenic sources of nitrogen (N) in groundwater are similar to those of phosphate. However, the environmental fate of N differs fundamentally from P because N occurs in several different redox states, each with different mobility. While nitrate behaves essentially conservatively in most oxic aquifers, ammonium's mobility is similar to that of phosphate. Nitrate may be transformed to gaseous N2 in reducing conditions and permanently removed from the system. Biogeochemical turnover of N is common at the reactive aquifer-lake interface. Nutrient loads from LGD were compiled from the literature. Groundwater-borne P loads vary from 0.74 to 2900 mg PO4-P m−2 year−1; for N, these loads vary from 0.001 to 640 g m−2 year−1. Even small amounts of seepage can carry large nutrient loads due to often high nutrient concentrations in groundwater. Large spatial heterogeneity, uncertain areal extent of the interface and difficult accessibility make every determination of LGD a challenge. However, determinations of LGD are essential to effective lake management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10384","usgsCitation":"Lewandowski, J., Meinikmann, K., Nutzmann, G., and Rosenberry, D.O., 2015, Groundwater – The disregarded component in lake water and nutrient budgets. Part 2: effects of groundwater on nutrients: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 13, p. 2922-2955, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10384.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"2922","endPage":"2955","ipdsId":"IP-053820","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5984364ae4b0e2f5d46653cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewandowski, Jorg","contributorId":195317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewandowski","given":"Jorg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meinikmann, Karin","contributorId":195318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meinikmann","given":"Karin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nutzmann, Gunnar","contributorId":195319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nutzmann","given":"Gunnar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190124,"text":"70190124 - 2015 - Coevolution of bed surface patchiness and channel morphology: 1. Mechanisms of forced patch formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-12T08:27:05","indexId":"70190124","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coevolution of bed surface patchiness and channel morphology: 1. Mechanisms of forced patch formation","docAbstract":"Riverbeds frequently display a spatial structure where the sediment mixture composing the channel bed has been sorted into discrete patches of similar grain size. Even though patches are a fundamental feature in gravel bed rivers, we have little understanding of how patches form, evolve, and interact. Here we present a two-dimensional morphodynamic model that is used to examine in greater detail the mechanisms responsible for the development of forced bed surface patches and the coevolution of bed morphology and bed surface patchiness. The model computes the depth-averaged channel hydrodynamics, mixed-grain-size sediment transport, and bed evolution by coupling the river morphodynamic model Flow and Sediment Transport with Morphological Evolution of Channels (FaSTMECH) with a transport relation for gravel mixtures and the mixed-grain-size Exner equation using the active layer assumption. To test the model, we use it to simulate a flume experiment in which the bed developed a sequence of alternate bars and temporally and spatially persistent forced patches with a general pattern of coarse bar tops and fine pools. Cross-stream sediment flux causes sediment to be exported off of bars and imported into pools at a rate that balances downstream gradients in the streamwise sediment transport rate, allowing quasi-steady bar-pool topography to persist. The relative importance of lateral gravitational forces on the cross-stream component of sediment transport is a primary control on the amplitude of the bars. Because boundary shear stress declines as flow shoals over the bars, the lateral sediment transport is increasingly size selective and leads to the development of coarse bar tops and fine pools.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JF003428","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.A., McDonald, R.R., Nelson, J.M., and Dietrich, W.E., 2015, Coevolution of bed surface patchiness and channel morphology: 1. Mechanisms of forced patch formation: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 120, no. 9, p. 1687-1707, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003428.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1687","endPage":"1707","ipdsId":"IP-065143","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jf003428","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59901399e4b09fa1cb17892b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Peter A.","contributorId":195598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietrich, William E.","contributorId":195599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188570,"text":"70188570 - 2015 - Controls on valley spacing in landscapes subject to rapid base-level fall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-15T14:46:18","indexId":"70188570","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on valley spacing in landscapes subject to rapid base-level fall","docAbstract":"What controls the architecture of drainage networks is a fundamental question in geomorphology. Recent work has elucidated the mechanisms of drainage network development in steadily uplifting landscapes, but the controls on drainage-network morphology in transient landscapes are relatively unknown. In this paper we exploit natural experiments in drainage network development in incised Plio-Quaternary alluvial fan surfaces in order to understand and quantify drainage network development in highly transient landscapes, i.e. initially unincised low-relief surfaces that experience a pulse of rapid base-level drop followed by relative base-level stasis. Parallel drainage networks formed on incised alluvial-fan surfaces tend to have a drainage spacing that is approximately proportional to the magnitude of the base-level drop. Numerical experiments suggest that this observed relationship between the magnitude of base-level drop and mean drainage spacing is the result of feedbacks among the depth of valley incision, mass wasting and nonlinear increases in the rate of colluvial sediment transport with slope gradient on steep valley side slopes that lead to increasingly wide valleys in cases of larger base-level drop. We identify a threshold magnitude of base-level drop above which side slopes lengthen sufficiently to promote increases in contributing area and fluvial incision rates that lead to branching and encourage drainage networks to transition from systems of first-order valleys to systems of higher-order, branching valleys. The headward growth of these branching tributaries prevents the development of adjacent, ephemeral drainages and promotes a higher mean valley spacing relative to cases in which tributaries do not form. Model results offer additional insights into the response of initially unincised landscapes to rapid base-level drop and provide a preliminary basis for understanding how varying amounts of base-level change influence valley network morphology.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3837","usgsCitation":"McGuire, L., and Pelletier, J.D., 2015, Controls on valley spacing in landscapes subject to rapid base-level fall: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 41, no. 3, p. 460-472, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3837.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"460","endPage":"472","ipdsId":"IP-066209","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59439c95e4b062508e31a9ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Luke lmcguire@usgs.gov","contributorId":167018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Luke","email":"lmcguire@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pelletier, John D.","contributorId":81359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelletier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190039,"text":"70190039 - 2015 - A long-term earthquake rate model for the central and eastern United States from smoothed seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-06T16:15:26","indexId":"70190039","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A long-term earthquake rate model for the central and eastern United States from smoothed seismicity","docAbstract":"I present a long-term earthquake rate model for the central and eastern United States from adaptive smoothed seismicity. By employing pseudoprospective likelihood testing (L-test), I examined the effects of fixed and adaptive smoothing methods and the effects of catalog duration and composition on the ability of the models to forecast the spatial distribution of recent earthquakes. To stabilize the adaptive smoothing method for regions of low seismicity, I introduced minor modifications to the way that the adaptive smoothing distances are calculated. Across all smoothed seismicity models, the use of adaptive smoothing and the use of earthquakes from the recent part of the catalog optimizes the likelihood for tests with M≥2.7 and M≥4.0 earthquake catalogs. The smoothed seismicity models optimized by likelihood testing with M≥2.7 catalogs also produce the highest likelihood values for M≥4.0 likelihood testing, thus substantiating the hypothesis that the locations of moderate-size earthquakes can be forecast by the locations of smaller earthquakes. The likelihood test does not, however, maximize the fraction of earthquakes that are better forecast than a seismicity rate model with uniform rates in all cells. In this regard, fixed smoothing models perform better than adaptive smoothing models. The preferred model of this study is the adaptive smoothed seismicity model, based on its ability to maximize the joint likelihood of predicting the locations of recent small-to-moderate-size earthquakes across eastern North America. The preferred rate model delineates 12 regions where the annual rate of M≥5 earthquakes exceeds 2×10−3. Although these seismic regions have been previously recognized, the preferred forecasts are more spatially concentrated than the rates from fixed smoothed seismicity models, with rate increases of up to a factor of 10 near clusters of high seismic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140370","usgsCitation":"Moschetti, M.P., 2015, A long-term earthquake rate model for the central and eastern United States from smoothed seismicity: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 6, no. 105, p. 2928-2941, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140370.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2928","endPage":"2941","ipdsId":"IP-065608","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59882a95e4b05ba66e9ffddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70190035,"text":"70190035 - 2015 - Aftershock collapse vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete frame structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-06T16:23:16","indexId":"70190035","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1434,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershock collapse vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete frame structures","docAbstract":"In a seismically active region, structures may be subjected to multiple earthquakes, due to mainshock–aftershock phenomena or other sequences, leaving no time for repair or retrofit between the events. This study quantifies the aftershock vulnerability of four modern ductile reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings in California by conducting incremental dynamic analysis of nonlinear MDOF analytical models. Based on the nonlinear dynamic analysis results, collapse and damage fragility curves are generated for intact and damaged buildings. If the building is not severely damaged in the mainshock, its collapse capacity is unaffected in the aftershock. However, if the building is extensively damaged in the mainshock, there is a significant reduction in its collapse capacity in the aftershock. For example, if an RC frame experiences 4% or more interstory drift in the mainshock, the median capacity to resist aftershock shaking is reduced by about 40%. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of different measures of physical damage observed in the mainshock-damaged buildings for predicting the reduction in collapse capacity of the damaged building in subsequent aftershocks. These physical damage indicators for the building are chosen such that they quantify the qualitative red tagging (unsafe for occupation) criteria employed in post-earthquake evaluation of RC frames. The results indicated that damage indicators related to the drift experienced by the damaged building best predicted the reduced aftershock collapse capacities for these ductile structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Earthquake Engineering","doi":"10.1002/eqe.2478","usgsCitation":"Raghunandan, M., Liel, A.B., and Luco, N., 2015, Aftershock collapse vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete frame structures: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, v. 44, no. 3, p. 419-439, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2478.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"439","ipdsId":"IP-060643","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59882a96e4b05ba66e9ffdde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raghunandan, Meera","contributorId":184157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raghunandan","given":"Meera","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liel, Abbie B.","contributorId":184158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liel","given":"Abbie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188815,"text":"70188815 - 2015 - Himalayan gneiss dome formation in the middle crust and exhumation by normal faulting: New geochronology of Gianbul dome, northwestern India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-26T09:40:13","indexId":"70188815","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Himalayan gneiss dome formation in the middle crust and exhumation by normal faulting: New geochronology of Gianbul dome, northwestern India","docAbstract":"A general lack of consensus about the origin of Himalayan gneiss domes hinders accurate thermomechanical modeling of the orogen. To test whether doming resulted from tectonic contraction (e.g., thrust duplex formation, antiformal bending above a thrust ramp, etc.), channel flow, or via the buoyant rise of anatectic melts, this study investigates the depth and timing of doming processes for Gianbul dome in the western Himalaya. The dome is composed of Greater Himalayan Sequence migmatite, Paleozoic orthogneiss, and metasedimentary rock cut by multiple generations of leucogranite dikes. These rocks record a major penetrative D2 deformational event characterized by a domed foliation and associated NE-SW–trending stretching lineation, and they are flanked by the top-down-to-the-SW (normal-sense) Khanjar shear zone and the top-down-to-the-NE (normal sense) Zanskar shear zone (the western equivalent of the South Tibetan detachment system). Monazite U/Th-Pb geochronology records (1) Paleozoic emplacement of the Kade orthogneiss and associated granite dikes; (2) prograde Barrovian metamorphism from 37 to 33 Ma; (3) doming driven by upper-crustal extension and positive buoyancy of decompression melts between 26 and 22 Ma; and (4) the injection of anatectic melts into the upper levels of the dome—neutralizing the effects of melt buoyancy and potentially adding strength to the host rock—by ca. 22.6 Ma on the southwestern flank and ca. 21 Ma on the northeastern flank. As shown by a northeastward decrease in 40Ar/39Ar muscovite dates from 22.4 to 20.2 Ma, ductile normal-sense displacement within the Zanskar shear zone ended by ca. 22 Ma, after which the Gianbul dome was exhumed as part of a rigid footwall block below the brittle Zanskar normal fault, tilting an estimated 5°–10°SW into its present orientation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31005.1","usgsCitation":"Horton, F., Lee, J., Hacker, B., Bowman-Kamaha’o, M., and Cosca, M.A., 2015, Himalayan gneiss dome formation in the middle crust and exhumation by normal faulting: New geochronology of Gianbul dome, northwestern India: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 127, no. 1-2, p. 162-180, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31005.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"180","ipdsId":"IP-056131","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Gianbul dome","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 74,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n 79,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n 79,\n 36.33333\n ],\n [\n 74,\n 36.33333\n ],\n [\n 74,\n 30.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d21e4b062508e3c368d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, Forrest","contributorId":193436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Forrest","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Jeffrey","contributorId":193437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hacker, Bradley","contributorId":193438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hacker","given":"Bradley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowman-Kamaha’o, Meilani","contributorId":193439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman-Kamaha’o","given":"Meilani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188564,"text":"70188564 - 2015 - Can low-resolution airborne laser scanning data be used to model stream rating curves?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-15T13:23:12","indexId":"70188564","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can low-resolution airborne laser scanning data be used to model stream rating curves?","docAbstract":"This pilot study explores the potential of using low-resolution (0.2 points/m2) airborne laser scanning (ALS)-derived elevation data to model stream rating curves. Rating curves, which allow the functional translation of stream water depth into discharge, making them integral to water resource monitoring efforts, were modeled using a physics-based approach that captures basic geometric measurements to establish flow resistance due to implicit channel roughness. We tested synthetically thinned high-resolution (more than 2 points/m2) ALS data as a proxy for low-resolution data at a point density equivalent to that obtained within most national-scale ALS strategies. Our results show that the errors incurred due to the effect of low-resolution versus high-resolution ALS data were less than those due to flow measurement and empirical rating curve fitting uncertainties. As such, although there likely are scale and technical limitations to consider, it is theoretically possible to generate rating curves in a river network from ALS data of the resolution anticipated within national-scale ALS schemes (at least for rivers with relatively simple geometries). This is promising, since generating rating curves from ALS scans would greatly enhance our ability to monitor streamflow by simplifying the overall effort required.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w7041324","usgsCitation":"Lyon, S., Nathanson, M., Lam, N., Dahlke, H., Rutzinger, M., Kean, J.W., and Laudon, H., 2015, Can low-resolution airborne laser scanning data be used to model stream rating curves?: Water, v. 7, no. 4, p. 1324-1339, https://doi.org/10.3390/w7041324.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1324","endPage":"1339","ipdsId":"IP-063479","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w7041324","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Sweden","otherGeospatial":"Krycklan catchment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 19.566650390625,\n 63.83340220990062\n ],\n [\n 20.6927490234375,\n 63.83340220990062\n ],\n [\n 20.6927490234375,\n 64.36724945936612\n ],\n [\n 19.566650390625,\n 64.36724945936612\n ],\n [\n 19.566650390625,\n 63.83340220990062\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59439c95e4b062508e31a9ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyon, Steve","contributorId":192971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyon","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nathanson, Marcus","contributorId":192972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nathanson","given":"Marcus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lam, Norris","contributorId":192973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lam","given":"Norris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dahlke, Helen","contributorId":192974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahlke","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rutzinger, Martin","contributorId":192975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rutzinger","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Laudon, Hjalmar","contributorId":192976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laudon","given":"Hjalmar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188817,"text":"70188817 - 2015 - The emergence of volcanic oceanic islands on a slow-moving plate: The example of Madeira Island, NE Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-26T12:33:04","indexId":"70188817","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The emergence of volcanic oceanic islands on a slow-moving plate: The example of Madeira Island, NE Atlantic","docAbstract":"The transition from seamount to oceanic island typically involves surtseyan volcanism. However, the geological record at many islands in the NE Atlantic—all located within the slow-moving Nubian plate—does not exhibit evidence for an emergent surtseyan phase but rather an erosive unconformity between the submarine basement and the overlying subaerial shield sequences. This suggests that the transition between seamount and island may frequently occur by a relative fall of sea level through uplift, eustatic changes, or a combination of both, and may not involve summit volcanism. In this study, we explore the consequences for island evolutionary models using Madeira Island (Portugal) as a case study. We have examined the geologic record at Madeira using a combination of detailed fieldwork, biostratigraphy, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology in order to document the mode, timing, and duration of edifice emergence above sea level. Our study confirms that Madeira's subaerial shield volcano was built upon the eroded remains of an uplifted seamount, with shallow marine sediments found between the two eruptive sequences and presently located at 320–430 m above sea level. This study reveals that Madeira emerged around 7.0–5.6 Ma essentially through an uplift process and before volcanic activity resumed to form the subaerial shield volcano. Basal intrusions are a likely uplift mechanism, and their emplacement is possibly enhanced by the slow motion of the Nubian plate relative to the source of partial melting. Alternating uplift and subsidence episodes suggest that island edifice growth may be governed by competing dominantly volcanic and dominantly intrusive processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GC005657","usgsCitation":"Ramalho, R., da Silveira, A.B., Fonseca, P., Madeira, J., Cosca, M.A., Cachao, M., Fonseca, M.M., and Prada, S., 2015, The emergence of volcanic oceanic islands on a slow-moving plate: The example of Madeira Island, NE Atlantic: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 16, no. 2, p. 522-537, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005657.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"537","ipdsId":"IP-059179","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gc005657","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Madeira Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -17.275,\n 32.9\n ],\n [\n -16.625,\n 32.9\n ],\n [\n -16.625,\n 32.616667\n ],\n [\n -17.275,\n 32.616667\n ],\n [\n -17.275,\n 32.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d21e4b062508e3c3687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramalho, Ricardo","contributorId":193475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramalho","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"da Silveira, Antonio Brum","contributorId":193509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"da Silveira","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"Brum","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fonseca, Paulo","contributorId":193443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fonseca","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madeira, Jose","contributorId":193477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madeira","given":"Jose","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cachao, Mario","contributorId":193445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cachao","given":"Mario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fonseca, Maria M.","contributorId":193446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fonseca","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prada, Susana","contributorId":193447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prada","given":"Susana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70158976,"text":"70158976 - 2015 - Managing the Mississippi River floodplain: Achieving ecological benefits requires more than hydrological connection to the river: Chapter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T15:20:10","indexId":"70158976","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Managing the Mississippi River floodplain: Achieving ecological benefits requires more than hydrological connection to the river: Chapter","docAbstract":"Floodplains are vital to the structure and function of river-floodplain ecosystems. Among the many ecological services provided by floodplains are nutrient cycling and seasonal habitats for fish, including spawning, nursery, foraging and wintering habitats. Connections between the river channel and floodplain habitats are essential to realize these ecological services, but spatial and temporal aspects of the connection and contemporary geomorphology must also be considered in restoration efforts. This chapter synthesizes available information to compare floodplain function and needed management strategies in two extensive reaches (upper impounded and lower free-flowing) of the Mississippi River, USA. The upper impounded reach is the 523-km reach from about Minneapolis, Minnesota to Clinton, Iowa. This reach has been impounded and channelized for navigation. Mean annual water-level fluctuation ranges from 1 to 2 m in the navigation pools in this reach. Floodplain environmental conditions that affect nitrogen cycling and fish production vary seasonally and longitudinally within and among navigation pools. Significant issues affecting ecological services include sedimentation, constrained water level fluctuations, island erosion and seasonal hypoxia. The lower free-flowing reach, the 1570-km reach from the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to the Gulf of Mexico, has no dams and average annual fluctuations of 7 m throughout most of the reach. Despite the substantial flood pulse, floodplain inundation is often brief and may not occur annually. Significant issues affecting floodplain ecological function are the short duration and thermal asynchrony of the flood pulse, sedimentation and loss of connection between the river channel and permanent/semi-permanent floodplain water bodies due to channel incision. Needs and strategies for floodplain enhancement to increase ecological services, particularly nitrogen cycling and fish production, differ along the longitudinal gradient of the Mississippi River and provide informative contrasts to guide floodplain management. Prediction of the effects of climate change on this system will be complicated by the magnitude of the watershed that encompasses 41 % of the continental USA and multiple climatic regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphic Approaches to Integrated Floodplain Management of Lowland Fluvial Systems in North America and Europe","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-2380-9","usgsCitation":"Schramm, H., Richardson, W.B., and Knights, B.C., 2015, Managing the Mississippi River floodplain: Achieving ecological benefits requires more than hydrological connection to the river: Chapter, chap. of Geomorphic Approaches to Integrated Floodplain Management of Lowland Fluvial Systems in North America and Europe, p. 171-201, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2380-9.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"201","ipdsId":"IP-038968","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River floodplain","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d441e4b0f2e20545e419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schramm, Harold hschramm@usgs.gov","contributorId":149157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"Harold","email":"hschramm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159046,"text":"70159046 - 2015 - The hydrogeology of urbanization: The lost springs of Washington, D.C., late Tertiary and Quaternary sediments of D.C., and the Baltimore Long Term Ecological Research site (LTER): Chapter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-24T12:26:29","indexId":"70159046","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The hydrogeology of urbanization: The lost springs of Washington, D.C., late Tertiary and Quaternary sediments of D.C., and the Baltimore Long Term Ecological Research site (LTER): Chapter","docAbstract":"Urbanization is a major process now shaping the environment. This field trip looks at the hydrogeology of the general Washington, D.C., area and focuses on the city's lost springs. Until 150 years ago, springs and shallow dug wells were the main source of drinking water for residents of Washington, D.C. Celebrating the nation's bicentennial, Garnett P. Williams of the U.S. Geological Survey examined changes in water supply and water courses since 1776. He examined old newspaper files to determine the location of the city's springs. This field trip visits sites of some of these springs (few of which are now flowing), discusses the hydrologic impacts of urbanization and the general geological setting, and finishes with the Baltimore Long Term Ecological Research site at Dead Run and its findings. The field trip visits some familiar locations in the Washington, D.C., area, and gives insights into their often hidden hydrologic past and present.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tripping from the Fall Line: Field Excursions for the GSA Annual Meeting, Baltimore, 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"Bhaskar, A., Pavich, M.J., and Sharp, J.M., 2015, The hydrogeology of urbanization: The lost springs of Washington, D.C., late Tertiary and Quaternary sediments of D.C., and the Baltimore Long Term Ecological Research site (LTER): Chapter, chap. of Tripping from the Fall Line: Field Excursions for the GSA Annual Meeting, Baltimore, 2015, v. 40, p. 499-517.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"517","ipdsId":"IP-067619","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340184,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fieldguides.gsapubs.org/content/40/499.abstract"}],"country":"United States","state":"District of Columbia, Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.3712158203125,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -76.46759033203125,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -76.46759033203125,\n 39.404366615861036\n ],\n [\n -77.3712158203125,\n 39.404366615861036\n ],\n [\n -77.3712158203125,\n 38.762650338334154\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea2e4b006455f2d61de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhaskar, Aditi abhaskar@usgs.gov","contributorId":146249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhaskar","given":"Aditi","email":"abhaskar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavich, Milan J. mpavich@usgs.gov","contributorId":2348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Milan","email":"mpavich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, John M.","contributorId":149229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189607,"text":"70189607 - 2015 - Decay of S‐wave amplitudes with distance for earthquakes in the Charlevoix, Quebec, area: Effects of radiation pattern and directivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:11:51","indexId":"70189607","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Decay of S‐wave amplitudes with distance for earthquakes in the Charlevoix, Quebec, area: Effects of radiation pattern and directivity","title":"Decay of S‐wave amplitudes with distance for earthquakes in the Charlevoix, Quebec, area: Effects of radiation pattern and directivity","docAbstract":"The decay of the Fourier spectral amplitudes of S waves over distances of 10–80 km near Charlevoix, Quebec, was determined using waveforms from seven earthquakes with MN 3.3–5.4. The S‐wave spectral amplitudes were corrected for site response and source amplitude by normalizing the coda‐wave spectrum at a fixed time after the origin time. The amplitude decay with distance was found to be less steep as the frequency increases from 1 to 14, contrary to what would be expected from anelastic and scattering attenuation for a point source with an isotropic radiation pattern. The decay at 14 Hz indicates that the geometrical spreading at distances less than 80 km is less steep than R−1.05. The steeper distance decay of the low‐frequency spectrum appears to be an artifact of the radiation pattern and rupture directivity, which affect the low‐frequency amplitude more than the high frequency. Synthetic seismograms were made for a horizontally layered crust for the Mw 4.6 Rivière du Loup earthquake and an Mw 3.3 event. The decay with distance of the 1 Hz spectral amplitudes of the synthetics is similar to that observed for the Rivière du Loup earthquake, indicating that radiation pattern and rupture directivity are important factors in determining the attenuation with distance at 1 Hz. For the Mw 3.3 earthquake, the distance decay of the 1 Hz spectral amplitudes was found to be sensitive to the focal mechanism. This study demonstrates that estimates of geometrical spreading made using 1 Hz amplitudes can be contaminated by radiation pattern and directivity effects and may not be applicable for constructing ground‐motion prediction equations for sources with other focal mechanisms and rupture behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140249","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A.D., 2015, Decay of S‐wave amplitudes with distance for earthquakes in the Charlevoix, Quebec, area: Effects of radiation pattern and directivity: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 2A, p. 850-857, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140249.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"850","endPage":"857","ipdsId":"IP-059309","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb9e4b0d1f9f065a8bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185343,"text":"70185343 - 2015 - Sampling to estimate population size and detect trends in Tricolored Blackbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-21T11:15:11","indexId":"70185343","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5324,"text":"Central Valley Bird Club Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling to estimate population size and detect trends in Tricolored Blackbirds","docAbstract":"The Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor) is a medium-sized passerine that nests in the largest colonies of any North American landbird since the extinction of the passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) over 100 years ago (Beedy and Hamilton 1999). The species has a restricted range that occurs almost exclusively within California, with only a few hundred birds scattered in small groups in Oregon, Washington, Nevada, and northwestern Baja California, Mexico (Beedy and Hamilton 1999). Tricolored Blackbirds are itinerant breeders (i.e., breed more than once per year in different locations) and use a wide variety of nesting substrates (Hamilton 1998), many of which are ephemeral. They are also insect dependent during the breeding season, and reproductive success is strongly correlated with relative insect abundance (Meese 2013). Researchers have noted for decades that Tricolored Blackbird’s insect prey are highly variable in space and time; Payne (1969), for example, described the species as a grasshopper follower because they are preferred food items, and high grasshopper abundance is often associated with high reproductive success (Payne 1969, Meese 2013). Thus, the species’ basic reproductive strategy is tied to rather infrequent periods of relatively high insect abundance in some locations followed by much longer periods of range -wide relatively low insect abundance and poor reproductive success. Of course, anthropogenic factors such as habitat loss and insecticide use may be at least partly responsible for these patterns (Hallman et al. 2014, Airola et al. 2014).
","language":"English","publisher":"Central Valley Bird Club","publisherLocation":"Lodi, CA","usgsCitation":"Meese, R., Yee, J.L., and Holyoak, M., 2015, Sampling to estimate population size and detect trends in Tricolored Blackbirds: Central Valley Bird Club Bulletin, v. 17, no. 2-4, p. 51-56.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-064167","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337887,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cvbirds.org/bulletin/downloads/volume-17/"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b91e4b0236b68f828f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meese, Robert","contributorId":173766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meese","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holyoak, Marcel","contributorId":15076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holyoak","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154885,"text":"70154885 - 2015 - Occupancy and abundance of the endangered yellowcheek darter in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-15T14:03:42","indexId":"70154885","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-15T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy and abundance of the endangered yellowcheek darter in Arkansas","docAbstract":"The Yellowcheek Darter (Etheostoma moorei) is a rare fish endemic to the Little Red River watershed in the Boston Mountains of northern Arkansas. Remaining populations of this species are geographically isolated and declining, and the species was listed in 2011 as federally endangered. Populations have declined, in part, due to intense seasonal stream drying and inundation of lower reaches by a reservoir. We used a kick seine sampling approach to examine distribution and abundance of Yellowcheek Darter populations in the Middle Fork and South Fork Little Red River. We used presence data to estimate occupancy rates and detection probability and examined relationships between Yellowcheek Darter density and environmental variables. The species was found at five Middle Fork and South Fork sites where it had previously been present in 2003–2004. Occupancy rates were >0.6 but with wide 95% CI, and where the darters occurred, densities were typical of other Ozark darters but highly variable. Detection probability and density were positively related to current velocity. Given that stream drying has become more extreme over the past 30 years and anthropogenic threats have increased, regular monitoring and active management may be required to reduce extinction risk of Yellowcheek Darter populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CE-14-116","usgsCitation":"Magoulick, D.D., and Lynch, D.T., 2015, Occupancy and abundance of the endangered yellowcheek darter in Arkansas: Copeia, v. 103, no. 2, p. 433-439, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-14-116.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"439","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056381","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Middle Fork and South Fork Little Red River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.7802276611328,\n 35.53166744135354\n ],\n [\n -92.7802276611328,\n 35.708607653285505\n ],\n [\n -92.22679138183592,\n 35.708607653285505\n ],\n [\n -92.22679138183592,\n 35.53166744135354\n ],\n [\n -92.7802276611328,\n 35.53166744135354\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a77623e4b0183d66e45e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magoulick, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9665-5957 danmag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-5957","contributorId":2513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"Daniel","email":"danmag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, Dustin T.","contributorId":145645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynch","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157603,"text":"70157603 - 2015 - Intercomparison of SO2 camera systems for imaging volcanic gas plumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T18:58:16","indexId":"70157603","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-15T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercomparison of SO2 camera systems for imaging volcanic gas plumes","docAbstract":"SO2 camera systems are increasingly being used to image volcanic gas plumes. The ability to derive SO2 emission rates directly from the acquired imagery at high time resolution allows volcanic process studies that incorporate other high time-resolution datasets. Though the general principles behind the SO2 camera have remained the same for a number of years, recent advances in CCD technology and an improved understanding of the physics behind the measurements have driven a continuous evolution of the camera systems. Here we present an intercomparison of seven different SO2 cameras. In the first part of the experiment, the various technical designs are compared and the advantages and drawbacks of individual design options are considered. Though the ideal design was found to be dependent on the specific application, a number of general recommendations are made. Next, a time series of images recorded by all instruments at Stromboli Volcano (Italy) is compared. All instruments were easily able to capture SO2 clouds emitted from the summit vents. Quantitative comparison of the SO2 load in an individual cloud yielded an intra-instrument precision of about 12%. From the imagery, emission rates were then derived according to each group's standard retrieval process. A daily average SO2 emission rate of 61 ± 10 t/d was calculated. Due to differences in spatial integration methods and plume velocity determination, the time-dependent progression of SO2 emissions varied significantly among the individual systems. However, integration over distinct degassing events yielded comparable SO2 masses. Based on the intercomparison data, we find an approximate 1-sigma precision of 20% for the emission rates derived from the various SO2 cameras. Though it may still be improved in the future, this is currently within the typical accuracy of the measurement and is considered sufficient for most applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.08.026","usgsCitation":"Kern, C., Lübcke, P., Bobrowski, N., Campion, R., Mori, T., Smekens, J., Stebel, K., Tamburello, G., Burton, M., Platt, U., and Prata, F., 2015, Intercomparison of SO2 camera systems for imaging volcanic gas plumes: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 300, p. 22-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.08.026.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056592","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"300","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6bee4b058f706e53d09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lübcke, Peter","contributorId":82202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lübcke","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bobrowski, Nicole","contributorId":45214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobrowski","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campion, Robin","contributorId":148070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campion","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16993,"text":"Instituto de Geofisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mori, Toshiya","contributorId":148071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mori","given":"Toshiya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16994,"text":"School of Science, The University of Tokyo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smekens, Jean-Francois","contributorId":148072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smekens","given":"Jean-Francois","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16995,"text":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stebel, Kerstin","contributorId":148073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stebel","given":"Kerstin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16996,"text":"Climate and Atmosphere Department, Norwegian Institute for Air Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tamburello, Giancarlo","contributorId":148074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tamburello","given":"Giancarlo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16997,"text":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burton, Michael","contributorId":148069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burton","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37573,"text":"University of Manchester, UK","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16992,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Pisa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Platt, Ulrich","contributorId":26609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"Ulrich","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Prata, Fred","contributorId":148068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prata","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16991,"text":"Norwegian Institute for Air Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70157600,"text":"70157600 - 2015 - Quantitative imaging of volcanic plumes — Results, needs, and future trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T19:02:35","indexId":"70157600","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-15T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative imaging of volcanic plumes — Results, needs, and future trends","docAbstract":"Recent technology allows two-dimensional “imaging” of trace gas distributions in plumes. In contrast to older, one-dimensional remote sensing techniques, that are only capable of measuring total column densities, the new imaging methods give insight into details of transport and mixing processes as well as chemical transformation within plumes. We give an overview of gas imaging techniques already being applied at volcanoes (SO2cameras, imaging DOAS, FT-IR imaging), present techniques where first field experiments were conducted (LED-LIDAR, tomographic mapping), and describe some techniques where only theoretical studies with application to volcanology exist (e.g. Fabry–Pérot Imaging, Gas Correlation Spectroscopy, bi-static LIDAR). Finally, we discuss current needs and future trends in imaging technology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.006","usgsCitation":"Platt, U., Lubcke, P., Kuhn, J., Bobrowski, N., Prata, F., Burton, M., and Kern, C., 2015, Quantitative imaging of volcanic plumes — Results, needs, and future trends: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 300, p. 7-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.006.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057373","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"300","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6e4e4b058f706e53e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Platt, Ulrich","contributorId":26609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"Ulrich","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lubcke, Peter","contributorId":56141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lubcke","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuhn, Jonas","contributorId":148067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Jonas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16990,"text":"Heidelberg University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bobrowski, Nicole","contributorId":45214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobrowski","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prata, Fred","contributorId":148068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prata","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16991,"text":"Norwegian Institute for Air Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burton, Michael","contributorId":148069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burton","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16992,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Pisa","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":37573,"text":"University of Manchester, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70157599,"text":"70157599 - 2015 - An automated SO2 camera system for continuous, real-time monitoring of gas emissions from Kīlauea Volcano's summit Overlook Crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-01T19:40:32.197367","indexId":"70157599","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-15T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"An automated SO2 camera system for continuous, real-time monitoring of gas emissions from Kīlauea Volcano's summit Overlook Crater","title":"An automated SO2 camera system for continuous, real-time monitoring of gas emissions from Kīlauea Volcano's summit Overlook Crater","docAbstract":"SO2 camera systems allow rapid two-dimensional imaging of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted from volcanic vents. Here, we describe the development of an SO2 camera system specifically designed for semi-permanent field installation and continuous use. The integration of innovative but largely “off-the-shelf” components allowed us to assemble a robust and highly customizable instrument capable of continuous, long-term deployment at Kīlauea Volcano's summit Overlook Crater. Recorded imagery is telemetered to the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) where a novel automatic retrieval algorithm derives SO2 column densities and emission rates in real-time. Imagery and corresponding emission rates displayed in the HVO operations center and on the internal observatory website provide HVO staff with useful information for assessing the volcano's current activity. The ever-growing archive of continuous imagery and high-resolution emission rates in combination with continuous data from other monitoring techniques provides insight into shallow volcanic processes occurring at the Overlook Crater. An exemplary dataset from September 2013 is discussed in which a variation in the efficiency of shallow circulation and convection, the processes that transport volatile-rich magma to the surface of the summit lava lake, appears to have caused two distinctly different phases of lake activity and degassing. This first successful deployment of an SO2 camera for continuous, real-time volcano monitoring shows how this versatile technique might soon be adapted and applied to monitor SO2 degassing at other volcanoes around the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.12.004","usgsCitation":"Kern, C., Sutton, J., Elias, T., Lee, R., Kamibayashi, K.P., Antolik, L., and Werner, C.A., 2015, An automated SO2 camera system for continuous, real-time monitoring of gas emissions from Kīlauea Volcano's summit Overlook Crater: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 300, p. 81-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.12.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"94","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056630","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n[\n [\n -155.4338836669922,\n 19.25605301966428\n ],\n [\n -155.4338836669922,\n 19.47500813674323\n ],\n [\n -155.11940002441406,\n 19.47500813674323\n ],\n [\n -155.11940002441406,\n 19.25605301966428\n ],\n [\n -155.4338836669922,\n 19.25605301966428\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"300","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb634e4b058f706e53b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, Jeff","contributorId":51287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Robert Lopaka rclee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Robert Lopaka","email":"rclee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamibayashi, Kevan P. kevank@usgs.gov","contributorId":5184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamibayashi","given":"Kevan","email":"kevank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Antolik, Loren lantolik@usgs.gov","contributorId":4144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antolik","given":"Loren","email":"lantolik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia A. cwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":2540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148484,"text":"sim3332 - 2015 - Documenting 35 years of land cover change: Lago Cachet Dos drainage, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-15T12:18:36","indexId":"sim3332","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-15T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3332","title":"Documenting 35 years of land cover change: Lago Cachet Dos drainage, Chile","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Special Applications Science Center is monitoring temporal changes at the Colonia Glacier and Lago Cachet Dos, Northern Patagonia Icefield of southern Chile. This location is one of the newest international sites in the USGS Global Fiducial Program (GFP)—a program which provides systematic monitoring of dynamic and environmentally critical areas with high-resolution imagery (http://gfp.usgs.gov/). In 2008, Lago Cachet Dos began experiencing glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) during which the entire pool of water (about 200 million cubic meters) rapidly drains from the lake and flows south-southeast through the Colonia Glacier. These catastrophic events cause massive erosion of valley-fill deposits and consequent upstream expansion of Lago Cachet Dos towards Lago Cachet Uno. Panchromatic and multispectral images for 1979, 2007, and 2014 highlight the dramatic changes that have occurred at this site over a 35-year period. The lake was smallest in 1979, when the Colonia Glacier was at its maximum extent during the study period. Between 1979 and 2007, the glacier shrank causing an increase in the surface area of the lake. The size of the lake increased substantially, from 2.98 square kilometers (km2) in 1979 to 4.41 km2 in 2014, primarily due to erosion of valley-fill deposits upstream of its northern edge by the 15 GLOFs that occurred between April 2008 and February 2014. Ongoing studies of the Colonia Glacier and Lago Cachet Dos are focused on providing real-time monitoring of Lago Cachet Dos lake levels, understanding the history of advances and retreats of the Colonia Glacier, and determining the physical mechanisms and hazards associated with the GLOFs that come from Lago Cachet Dos.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3332","usgsCitation":"Friesen, B.A., Nimick, D.A., Mcgrath, D., Cole, C.J., Wilson, E.M., Noble, S.M., Fahey, M., Leidich, J., and O’Kuinghttons Villena, J.I., 2015, Documenting 35 years of land cover change: Lago Cachet Dos drainage, Chile: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3332, 1 Sheet: 51.39 x 33.4 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3332.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 51.39 x 33.4 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056829","costCenters":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3332.jpg"},{"id":305752,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3332/"},{"id":305755,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3332/pdf/SIM3332.pdf","text":"Map","size":"39.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Lago Cachet Dos","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.44635009765625,\n -47.25499987098019\n ],\n [\n -73.44635009765625,\n -46.76056154244132\n ],\n [\n -73.08654785156249,\n -46.76056154244132\n ],\n [\n -73.08654785156249,\n -47.25499987098019\n ],\n [\n -73.44635009765625,\n -47.25499987098019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee2e4b0bc0bec09ed9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friesen, Beverly A. 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2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-11T15:33:59","indexId":"ofr20151095","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-15T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1095","title":"Design and methods of the Southeast Stream Quality Assessment (SESQA), 2014","docAbstract":"During 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) assessed stream quality across the Piedmont and southern Appalachian Mountain regions of the southeastern United States. This Southeast Stream Quality Assessment (SESQA) simultaneously characterized watershed and stream-reach water-quality stressors along with instream biological conditions, in order to better understand regional stressor-effects relations. The goal of SESQA is to provide communities and policymakers with information about those human and environmental factors that have the greatest impact on stream quality across the region. The SESQA design focused on hydrologic alteration and urbanization because of their importance as ecological stressors of particular concern to Southeast region resource managers.
\nStreamflow and land-use data were used to identify and select sites representing gradients in urbanization and streamflow alteration across the region. One hundred fifteen sites were selected and sampled for as many as 10 weeks during April, May, and June 2014 for contaminants, nutrients, and sediment. This water-quality “index” period culminated with an ecological survey of habitat, periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish at all sites. Sediment was collected during the ecological survey for analysis of sediment chemistry and toxicity testing. Of the 115 sites, 59 were on streams in watersheds with varying degrees of urban land use, 5 were on streams with multiple confined animal feeding operations, and 13 were reference sites with little or no development in their watersheds. The remaining 38 “hydro” sites were on streams in watersheds with relatively little agricultural or urban development but with hydrologic alteration, such as a dam or reservoir.
\nThis report provides a detailed description of the SESQA study components, including surveys of ecological conditions, routine water sampling, deployment of passive polar organic compound integrative samplers for pesticides and contaminants of emerging concern, and synoptic sediment sampling and toxicity testing at all urban, confined animal feeding operation, and reference sites. Continuous water-quality monitoring and daily pesticide sampling efforts conducted at a subset of urban sites are also described.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., Van Metre, P.C., Bell, A.H., Garrett, J.D., Button, D.T., Nakagaki, N., Qi, S.L., and Bradley, P.M., 2015, Design and methods of the Southeast Stream Quality Assessment (SESQA), 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1095, 46 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151095.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 46 p.; 3 Appendices","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-063365","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305724,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1095/ofr20151095_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"89 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Description of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory Schedules Used for Water, Sediment, and Periphyton"},{"id":305722,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1095/ofr20151095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1095"},{"id":305723,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1095/ofr20151095_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"560 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Description of the Sampling Timelines, Matrix, Collection, and Processing for Water, Sediment, and Ecological Samples"},{"id":305725,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1095/ofr20151095_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"50 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Counts of Environmental (Environ), Field Blank, Replicate (Rep), and Spike Samples of Streamwater by Site and Laboratory Analysis From the 115 Stream Sites Sampled in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Southeastern Stream Quality Assessment (SESQA) Study in 2014"},{"id":305721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1095/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -77.89306640625,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -77.1240234375,\n 38.976492485539424\n ],\n [\n -76.79443359375,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -77.27783203125,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -77.05810546875,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -77.34374999999999,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -77.58544921874999,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 35.35321610123821\n ],\n [\n -79.40917968749999,\n 35.22767235493586\n ],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 34.08906131584996\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 33.50475906922606\n ],\n [\n -81.80419921875,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 32.80574473290688\n ],\n [\n -84.66064453125,\n 32.379961464357315\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 32.287132632616355\n ],\n [\n -86.572265625,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -87.3193359375,\n 32.602361666817515\n ],\n [\n -86.90185546874999,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 34.14363482031264\n ],\n [\n -85.58349609375,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -83.82568359375,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -81.4306640625,\n 37.35269280367274\n ],\n [\n -80.39794921875,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -78.7060546875,\n 39.21523130910493\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 39.13006024213511\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
North Carolina–South Carolina–Georgia
720 Gracern Road, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
","tableOfContents":"
This Open-File Report is a compilation of the work published in the Colorado Plateau Biennial Conference book series over the span of the past nearly quarter century (conferences held between 1991–2011). The primary focus of the conferences has been to work toward integrating new science findings into management of the region’s natural and cultural resources. This conference and book series has begun a tradition of cooperation and community, bridging cultural, social, and biophysical research interests and addressing the needs of scientists and land managers working in a complex geographic area. We include here the abstracts for each of the 11 books in the series, as well as links to files with comprehensive literature citations and author listings. The goal of this compilation is to encourage further cooperation and communication on research and management issues of the Colorado Plateau among researchers, land managers, Native American tribes, and the public.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151115","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., Drost, C.A., and Selleck, S.S., 2015, A quarter century of research on the Colorado Plateau: A compilation of the Colorado Plateau Biennial Conference Proceedings for 1993-2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1115, vii, 186 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151115.","productDescription":"vii, 186 p.","numberOfPages":"194","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058940","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151115.gif"},{"id":305746,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/cprs/news_info/meetings/biennial/proceedings/proceedings.asp","text":"Conference proceedings","description":"Conference proceedings","linkHelpText":"Full text of the 11 Colorado Plateau Biennial Conference proceedings volumes (if available), list of all references cited in the combined volumes, and list of authors that have contributed chapters to one or more of the volumes."},{"id":305744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1115/"},{"id":305745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1115/pdf/ofr20151115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee2e4b0bc0bec09ed9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selleck, S. Shane sselleck@usgs.gov","contributorId":123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selleck","given":"S.","email":"sselleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159734,"text":"70159734 - 2015 - Colonial waterbird predation on Lost River and shortnose suckers based on recoveries of passive integrated transponder tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T11:47:49","indexId":"70159734","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-15T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Colonial waterbird predation on Lost River and shortnose suckers based on recoveries of passive integrated transponder tags","docAbstract":"We evaluated predation on Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris), both listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), from American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) nesting at mixed species colonies on Clear Lake Reservoir, CA and Upper Klamath Lake, OR during 2009-2014. Predation was evaluated by recovering passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags that were implanted in suckers, subsequently consumed by pelicans or cormorants, and deposited on the birds’ nesting colonies. Data from PIT tag recoveries were used to estimate predation rates (proportion of available tagged suckers consumed) by birds to evaluate the relative susceptibility of suckers to avian predation in Upper Klamath Basin. Data on the size of pelican and cormorant colonies (number of breeding adults) at Clear Lake and Upper Klamath Lake were also collected and reported in the context of predation on suckers.
\nResults indicate that predation rates varied by sucker species (Lost River, shortnose), sucker age-class (adult, juvenile), bird colony location (Upper Klamath Lake, Clear Lake), and year (2009-2014), demonstrating that predator-prey interactions in the system were dynamic during the study period. Tagged suckers ranging from 72 mm to 730 mm were susceptible to cormorant or pelican predation; all but the largest of the tagged Lost River suckers were susceptible to avian predation. Estimates of minimum, annual predation rates ranged from <0.1% to 4.6% of the available Lost River suckers and from <0.1% to 4.2% of the available shortnose suckers during the study period. Of the two colony locations evaluated, predation rates on suckers in Clear Lake were generally higher by birds nesting at mixed-species colonies on Clear Lake. Birds nesting on Clear Lake also commuted over 75 kilometers to forage on suckers in Upper Klamath Lake. Conversely, there was no evidence that birds nesting in Upper Klamath Lake foraged on tagged suckers in Clear Lake. Although sample sizes of tagged juvenile suckers were small and limited to fish tagged in Upper Klamath Lake, there was evidence that bird predation on juvenile suckers was higher than on adult suckers, with annual predate rate estimates on juvenile suckers ranging from 5.7% to 8.4% of available fish.
\nThe minimum annual predation rates presented here suggests that avian predation may be a factor limiting recovery of populations of Lost River and shortnose suckers, particularly juvenile suckers in Upper Klamath Lake and adult suckers in Clear Lake. Additional research is needed, however, to better assess the impacts of avian predation on sucker populations by (1) recovering PIT tags in a manner so that the species of avian predator is known (i.e., pelican vs. cormorant), (2) measuring predator-specific PIT tag deposition probabilities at each colony, (3) increasing the sample of juvenile suckers in the population that are PIT-tagged, and (4) recovering sufficient sample sizes of PIT tags on bird colonies to describe how various biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., fish size and condition, water levels and quality, and other factors) contribute to sucker susceptibility to avian predation in the Upper Klamath Basin.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","collaboration":"Real Time Research, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Evans, A., Payton, Q., Cramer, B., Collis, K., Hewitt, D.A., and Roby, D.D., 2015, Colonial waterbird predation on Lost River and shortnose suckers based on recoveries of passive integrated transponder tags, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067047","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Resevoir, Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 42.54498667313236\n ],\n [\n -121.9757080078125,\n 42.52272381854158\n ],\n [\n -121.8988037109375,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -121.84661865234374,\n 42.45791402988027\n ],\n [\n -121.7889404296875,\n 42.409262623071186\n ],\n [\n -121.78619384765624,\n 42.334184385939416\n ],\n [\n -121.80267333984376,\n 42.29559582449642\n ],\n [\n -121.85760498046875,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -121.90979003906249,\n 42.279340930853145\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 42.31590854308647\n ],\n [\n -121.9976806640625,\n 42.35448465106744\n ],\n [\n -122.05810546875,\n 42.39506551565123\n ],\n [\n -122.1185302734375,\n 42.437647200108685\n ],\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 42.494377798972465\n ],\n [\n -122.14874267578125,\n 42.53486817758702\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 42.54498667313236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.10504150390625,\n 41.90329915269292\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 41.88898809959183\n ],\n [\n -121.058349609375,\n 41.852173524388824\n ],\n [\n -121.08856201171875,\n 41.820455096140314\n ],\n [\n -121.14486694335936,\n 41.81738473661009\n ],\n [\n -121.16546630859375,\n 41.832735062152615\n ],\n [\n -121.19018554687499,\n 41.85728792769137\n ],\n [\n -121.17507934570311,\n 41.887965758804484\n ],\n [\n -121.14486694335936,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -121.10504150390625,\n 41.90329915269292\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5720912fe4b071321fe655f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Allen","contributorId":149989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Allen","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payton, Quinn","contributorId":149990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payton","given":"Quinn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cramer, Bradley D.","contributorId":51562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Bradley D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collis, Ken","contributorId":149991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collis","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hewitt, David A. 0000-0002-5387-0275 dhewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-0275","contributorId":3767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewitt","given":"David","email":"dhewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70155001,"text":"ofr20151127 - 2015 - Hydrologic conditions in Rhode Island during water year 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-15T15:18:33","indexId":"ofr20151127","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-15T01:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1127","title":"Hydrologic conditions in Rhode Island during water year 2014","docAbstract":"
Hydrologic data and conditions throughout Rhode Island during water year 2014 are presented in this report. Stream discharge and groundwater level conditions varied geographically across the State. Ten streamgages reached record-low minimum monthly mean discharges during the year, and a record-high maximum groundwater level was observed at one groundwater well.
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U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
http://ma.water.usgs.gov
http://ri.water.usgs.gov
Wave heights, periods, and directions were forecast for 2081–2100 using output from four coupled atmosphere–ocean global climate models for representative concentration pathway scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Global climate model wind fields were used to drive the global WAVEWATCH-III wave model to generate hourly time-series of bulk wave parameters for 25 islands in the mid to western tropical Pacific. December–February 95th percentile extreme significant wave heights under both climate scenarios decreased by 2100 compared to 1976–2010 historical values. Trends under both scenarios were similar, with the higher-emission RCP8.5 scenario displaying a greater decrease in extreme significant wave heights than where emissions are reduced in the RCP4.5 scenario. Central equatorial Pacific Islands displayed the greatest departure from historical values; significant wave heights decreased there by as much as 0.32 m during December–February and associated wave directions rotated approximately 30° clockwise during June–August compared to hindcast data.
","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments","conferenceDate":"May 11-15, 2015","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Shope, J., Storlazzi, C.D., Erikson, L., and Hegermiller, C., 2015, Modeled changes in extreme wave climates of the tropical Pacific over the 21st century: Implications for U.S. and U.S.-Affiliated atoll islands, Coastal Sediments, San Diego, CA, May 11-15, 2015, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-063074","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific atoll islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 114.60937499999999,\n 2.1088986592431382\n ],\n [\n 154.68749999999997,\n 2.1088986592431382\n ],\n [\n 154.68749999999997,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n 114.60937499999999,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n 114.60937499999999,\n 2.1088986592431382\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84bbe4b092b266f10d45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shope, J.B.","contributorId":145942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shope","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":10653,"text":"University of California at Santa Cruz, Earth and Planetary Science Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. lerikson@usgs.gov","contributorId":145944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hegermiller, C.A.","contributorId":145943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hegermiller","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":10653,"text":"University of California at Santa Cruz, Earth and Planetary Science Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190125,"text":"70190125 - 2015 - Coevolution of bed surface patchiness and channel morphology: 2. 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In this, the second of a pair of papers examining interactions between bed topography and bed surface sorting in gravel bed rivers, we use a two-dimensional morphodynamic model to perform numerical experiments designed to explore the coevolution of both free and forced bars and bed surface patches. Model runs were carried out on a computational grid simulating a 200 m long, 2.75 m wide, straight, rectangular channel, with an initially flat bed at a slope of 0.0137. Over five numerical experiments, we varied (a) whether an obstruction was present, (b) whether the sediment was a gravel mixture or a single size, and (c) whether the bed surface grain size feeds back on the hydraulic roughness field. Experiments with channel obstructions developed a train of alternate bars that became stationary and were connected to the obstruction. Freely migrating alternate bars formed in the experiments without channel obstructions. Simulations incorporating roughness feedbacks between the bed surface and flow field produced flatter, broader, and longer bars than simulations using constant roughness or uniform sediment. Our findings suggest that patches are not simply a by-product of bed topography, but they interact with the evolving bed and influence morphologic evolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JF003429","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.A., McDonald, R.R., Nelson, J.M., and Dietrich, W.E., 2015, Coevolution of bed surface patchiness and channel morphology: 2. Numerical experiments: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 120, no. 9, p. 1708-1723, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003429.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1708","endPage":"1723","ipdsId":"IP-065144","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jf003429","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59901399e4b09fa1cb17892d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Peter A.","contributorId":195598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietrich, William E.","contributorId":195599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189945,"text":"70189945 - 2015 - Hydrogeochemistry and microbiology of mine drainage: An update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T19:26:47","indexId":"70189945","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeochemistry and microbiology of mine drainage: An update","docAbstract":"The extraction of mineral resources requires access through underground workings, or open pit operations, or through drillholes for solution mining. Additionally, mineral processing can generate large quantities of waste, including mill tailings, waste rock and refinery wastes, heap leach pads, and slag. Thus, through mining and mineral processing activities, large surface areas of sulfide minerals can be exposed to oxygen, water, and microbes, resulting in accelerated oxidation of sulfide and other minerals and the potential for the generation of low-quality drainage. The oxidation of sulfide minerals in mine wastes is accelerated by microbial catalysis of the oxidation of aqueous ferrous iron and sulfide. These reactions, particularly when combined with evaporation, can lead to extremely acidic drainage and very high concentrations of dissolved constituents. Although acid mine drainage is the most prevalent and damaging environmental concern associated with mining activities, generation of saline, basic and neutral drainage containing elevated concentrations of dissolved metals, non-metals, and metalloids has recently been recognized as a potential environmental concern. Acid neutralization reactions through the dissolution of carbonate, hydroxide, and silicate minerals and formation of secondary aluminum and ferric hydroxide phases can moderate the effects of acid generation and enhance the formation of secondary hydrated iron and aluminum minerals which may lessen the concentration of dissolved metals. Numerical models provide powerful tools for assessing impacts of these reactions on water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.008","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., Blowes, D., and Ptacek, C., 2015, Hydrogeochemistry and microbiology of mine drainage: An update: Applied Geochemistry, v. 57, p. 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.008.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-063646","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5980419ae4b0a38ca278933e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blowes, D.W","contributorId":195353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blowes","given":"D.W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ptacek, C.J.","contributorId":195354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ptacek","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188138,"text":"70188138 - 2015 - The geology of Burnsville Cove, Bath and Highland Counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:43:22","indexId":"70188138","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The geology of Burnsville Cove, Bath and Highland Counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"Burnsville Cove is a karst region in Bath and Highland Counties of Virginia. A new geologic map of the area reveals various units of limestone, sandstone, and siliciclastic mudstone (shale) of Silurian through Devonian age, as well as structural features such as northeast-trending anticlines and synclines, minor thrust faults, and prominent joints. Quaternary features include erosional (strath) terraces and accumulations of mud, sand, and gravel. The caves of Burnsville Cove are located within predominantly carbonate strata above the Silurian Williamsport Sandstone and below the Devonian Oriskany Sandstone. Most of the caves are located within the Silurian Tonoloway Limestone, rather than the Silurian-Devonian Keyser Limestone as reported previously.
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