{"pageNumber":"1175","pageRowStart":"29350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40893,"records":[{"id":70023027,"text":"70023027 - 2001 - A model for lignin alteration - Part I: A kinetic reaction-network model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023027","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for lignin alteration - Part I: A kinetic reaction-network model","docAbstract":"A new quantitative model is presented which simulates the maturation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter under geologic conditions. In this model, compositionally specific reactants evolve to specific intermediate and mobile products through balanced, nth order processes, by way of a network of sequential and parallel reactions. The chemical kinetic approach is based primarily on published observed structural transformations of naturally matured, lignin-derived, sedimentary organic matter. Assuming that Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork coal in the Piceance Basin is primarily lignin-derived, the model is calibrated for the Multi-Well Experiment(MWX) Site in this basin. This kind of approach may be applied to other selectively preserved chemical components of sedimentary organic matter. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00080-8","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Payne, D., and Ortoleva, P., 2001, A model for lignin alteration - Part I: A kinetic reaction-network model: Organic Geochemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1073-1085, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00080-8.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1085","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00080-8"},{"id":233585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46ae4b0c8380cd4664c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, D.F.","contributorId":15232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortoleva, P.J.","contributorId":59992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortoleva","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022966,"text":"70022966 - 2001 - Statistical self-similarity of width function maxima with implications to floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022966","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical self-similarity of width function maxima with implications to floods","docAbstract":"Recently a new theory of random self-similar river networks, called the RSN model, was introduced to explain empirical observations regarding the scaling properties of distributions of various topologic and geometric variables in natural basins. The RSN model predicts that such variables exhibit statistical simple scaling, when indexed by Horton-Strahler order. The average side tributary structure of RSN networks also exhibits Tokunaga-type self-similarity which is widely observed in nature. We examine the scaling structure of distributions of the maximum of the width function for RSNs for nested, complete Strahler basins by performing ensemble simulations. The maximum of the width function exhibits distributional simple scaling, when indexed by Horton-Strahler order, for both RSNs and natural river networks extracted from digital elevation models (DEMs). We also test a powerlaw relationship between Horton ratios for the maximum of the width function and drainage areas. These results represent first steps in formulating a comprehensive physical statistical theory of floods at multiple space-time scales for RSNs as discrete hierarchical branching structures. ?? 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00030-6","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Veitzer, S., and Gupta, V., 2001, Statistical self-similarity of width function maxima with implications to floods: Advances in Water Resources, v. 24, no. 9-10, p. 955-965, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00030-6.","startPage":"955","endPage":"965","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00030-6"},{"id":233799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9744e4b08c986b31b9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veitzer, S.A.","contributorId":68931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veitzer","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gupta, V.K.","contributorId":35516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"V.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023028,"text":"70023028 - 2001 - Geochemical evidence for mudstone as the possible major oil source rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023028","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for mudstone as the possible major oil source rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China","docAbstract":"Geologists and geochemists have debated whether hydrocarbons from Jurassic coal measures are derived from the mudstones or the coals themselves. This paper identifies mudstones as the possible major source rock of hydrocarbons in the Jurassic basins in Northwest China. The Turpan Basin is used as a representative model. Mudstones in the Middle-Lower Jurassic are very well developed in the basin and have an average genetic potential from 2 to 4 mg/g. The vitrinite reflectance of the source rocks ranges from 0.6 to 1.3%, exhibiting sufficient thermal maturity to generate oil and gas. Biomarkers in crude oils from the basin are similar to those in mudstones from the coal-bearing strata, with a low tricyclic terpane (cheilanthane) content, a relatively high content of low carbon number (less than C22) tricyclic terpanes and a low content of high carbon number tricyclic terpanes, relatively high ratios of Ts/Tm, and C29 Ts/17?? (H)-C29 norhopane, and low ratios of Tm/17?? (H)-C30 hopane and 17?? (H)-C31 homohopane/17?? (H)-C30 hopane. These characteristics and the distribution of steranes and terpanes in the crude oil and mudstone differ significantly from those of the Jurassic coals and carbonaceous shales of the basin, indicating mudstone is possibly the major source rock of the oils in the Turpan Basin. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00076-6","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., Qin, Y., Huff, B., Wang, D., Han, D., and Huang, D., 2001, Geochemical evidence for mudstone as the possible major oil source rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China: Organic Geochemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1103-1125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00076-6.","startPage":"1103","endPage":"1125","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00076-6"},{"id":233619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1630e4b0c8380cd550a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, J.","contributorId":104634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qin, Yelun","contributorId":51569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qin","given":"Yelun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huff, B.G.","contributorId":84228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, D.","contributorId":13384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Han, D.","contributorId":23740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huang, D.","contributorId":46845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022804,"text":"70022804 - 2001 - Changes in backwater plant communities from 1975 to 1995 in Navigation Pool 8, Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:00:23","indexId":"70022804","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in backwater plant communities from 1975 to 1995 in Navigation Pool 8, Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water elevation in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) is highly regulated by an extensive system of locks and dams. Completion of this system in the 1930s created productive, biologically diverse backwater habitats. The status of plant communities in these backwater areas may now be threatened by several factors, including sediment accumulation, recreational use, and navigation traffic. Aerial photography, taken in 1975 and from 1991 to 1995, was used to describe vegetation changes occurring in four UMR backwater areas of Navigation Pool 8. The objectives were to determine (1) if changes occurring in these areas are consistent with hydrarch succession, (2) if the diversity of their plant communities has declined since 1975, and (3) how a large flood event that occurred in 1993 affected the composition and diversity of plant communities in these areas. Three general cover classes were recognized, representing an aquatic to terrestrial gradient. Coverages of specific vegetation types were estimated and evaluated using two indices of community diversity (vegetation richness and the Shannon diversity index). Though some vegetation changes were consistent with expected successional patterns (e.g. increased terrestrialization), other changes were not (e.g. loss of marsh vegetation). Diversity indices and coverages of most aquatic macrophytes declined from 1975 to 1991/1992 but then increased following the 1993 flood. The results suggest that disturbance–diversity concepts, including the flood pulse model, are applicable to the vegetation dynamics of these systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rrr.609","usgsCitation":"Tyser, R.W., Rogers, S.J., Owens, T.W., and Robinson, L.R., 2001, Changes in backwater plant communities from 1975 to 1995 in Navigation Pool 8, Upper Mississippi River: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 17, no. 2, p. 117-129, https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.609.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"129","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River, Navigation Pool 8","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17913,"text":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Sara J.","contributorId":85534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, Thomas W.","contributorId":18546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Larry R. 0000-0002-3049-6479 lrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-6479","contributorId":3136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Larry","email":"lrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023259,"text":"70023259 - 2001 - Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:07:56.17879","indexId":"70023259","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","docAbstract":"<p>A new three-dimensional (3-D) model shows seismic velocities beneath the Puget Lowland to a depth of 11 km. The model is based on a tomographic inversion of nearly one million first-arrival travel times recorded during the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS), allowing higher-resolution mapping of subsurface structures than previously possible. The model allows us to refine the subsurface geometry of previously proposed faults (e.g., Seattle, Hood Canal, southern Whidbey Island, and Devils Mountain fault zones) as well as to identify structures (Tacoma, Lofall, and Sequim fault zones) that warrant additional study. The largest and most important of these newly identified structures lies along the northern boundary of the Tacoma basin; we informally refer to this structure here as the Tacoma fault zone. Although tomography cannot provide information on the recency of motion on any structure, Holocene earthquake activity on the Tacoma fault zone is suggested by seismicity along it and paleoseismic evidence for abrupt uplift of tidal marsh deposits to its north. The tomography reveals four large, west to northwest trending low-velocity basins (Tacoma, Seattle, Everett, and Port Townsend) separated by regions of higher velocity ridges that are coincident with fault-bounded uplifts of Eocene Crescent Formation basalt and pre-Tertiary basement. The shapes of the basins and uplifts are similar to those observed in gravity data; gravity anomalies calculated from the 3-D tomography model are in close agreement with the observed anomalies. In velocity cross sections the Tacoma and Seattle basins are asymmetric: the basin floor dips gently toward a steep boundary with the adjacent high-velocity uplift, locally with a velocity \"overhang\" that suggests a basin vergent thrust fault boundary. Crustal fault zones grow from minor folds into much larger structures along strike. Inferred structural relief across the Tacoma fault zone increases by several kilometers westward along the fault zone to Lynch Cove, where we interpret it as a zone of south vergent faulting overthrusting Tacoma basin. In contrast, structural relief along the Seattle fault zone decreases west of Seattle, which we interpret as evidence that the N-S directed compression is being accommodated by slip transfer between the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones. Together, the Tacoma and Seattle fault zones raise the Seattle uplift, one of a series of east-west trending, pop-up structures underlying Puget Lowland from the Black Hills to the San Juan Islands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000154","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., Parsons, T., Blakely, R., Christensen, N., Fisher, M.A., Wells, R., ten Brink, U., Pratt, T.L., Crosson, R.S., Creager, K.C., Symons, N.P., Preston, L., Van Wagoner, T., Miller, K., Snelson, C., Trehu, A., Langenheim, V., Spence, G., Ramachandran, K., Hyndman, R., Mosher, D.C., Zelt, B., and Weaver, C., 2001, Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B7, p. 13541-13564, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000154.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"13541","endPage":"13564","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Lowland, Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.5089589251831,\n              48.559365845728394\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.71220607571715,\n              48.52663448892764\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.70121974759215,\n              48.38820299524801\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78361720852978,\n              48.26036626132162\n            ],\n            [\n              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A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pratt, T. 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,{"id":70022803,"text":"70022803 - 2001 - Watershed scaling effect on base flow nitrate, valley and ridge physiographic province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T14:46:38.469013","indexId":"70022803","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed scaling effect on base flow nitrate, valley and ridge physiographic province","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study of stream base flow and NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N concentration was conducted simultaneously in 51 subwatersheds within the 116-square-kilometer watershed of East Mahantango Creek near Klingerstown, Pennsylvania. The study was designed to test whether measurable results of processes and observations within the smaller watersheds were similar to or transferable to a larger scale. Ancillary data on land use were available for the small and large watersheds. Although the source of land-use data was different for the small and large watersheds, comparisons showed that the differences in the two land-use data sources were minimal. A land use-based water-quality model developed for the small-scale 7.3-square-kilometer watershed for a previous study accurately predicted NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N concentrations from sampling in the same watershed. The water-quality model was modified and, using the imagery-based land use, was found to accurately predict NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N concentrations in the subwatersheds of the large-scale 116-square-kilometer watershed as well. Because the model accurately predicts NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N concentrations at small and large scales, it is likely that in second-order streams and higher, discharge of water and NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N is dominated by flow from smaller first-order streams, and the contribution of ground-water discharge to higher order streams is minimal at the large scale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03625.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, B., Gburek, W., and Folmar, G., 2001, Watershed scaling effect on base flow nitrate, valley and ridge physiographic province: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 5, p. 1103-1117, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03625.x.","productDescription":"15 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,{"id":1008261,"text":"1008261 - 2001 - Sexual segregation in Roosevelt Elk: Cropping rates and aggression in mixed sex groups","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T09:42:25","indexId":"1008261","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual segregation in Roosevelt Elk: Cropping rates and aggression in mixed sex groups","docAbstract":"<p><span>Few studies of sexual segregation in ruminants have tested widely invoked mechanisms of segregation in mixed-sex groups. In a sexually segregated population of Roosevelt elk (</span><i>Cervus elaphus roosevelti</i><span>), we examined if adult males had reduced intake of forage when in mixed-sex groups and if intersexual differences in aggression caused females to avoid males. Based on a mechanistic model of forage intake, animals with lower instantaneous feed intake should have higher cropping rates. Focal animal sampling indicated that adult males and females in summer and winter had similar cropping rates in mixed-sex groups, whereas males in male-only groups had lower rates of cropping than males in mixed-sex groups. Outside the mating season, males in male groups spent proportionally less time ≤1 body length of congenders than females in female groups, and the rate of aggression ≤1 body length was higher for males. Female–female aggression was higher in mixed-sex groups that contained more males than the median proportion of males in mixed-sex groups. Female and mixed-sex groups walked away when groups of males numbering &gt;6 were ≤50 m but did not walk away when male groups ≤50 m had ≤5 individuals. Sexual segregation was associated with behaviors of sexes in mixed-sex groups: reduced intake of forage by males and increased female–female aggression with more males.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0825:SSIREC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Weckerly, F.F., Ricca, M., and Meyer, K.P., 2001, Sexual segregation in Roosevelt Elk: Cropping rates and aggression in mixed sex groups: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 82, no. 3, p. 825-835, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0825:SSIREC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"825","endPage":"835","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b7e4b07f02db5ccb70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weckerly, Floyd F.","contributorId":77485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weckerly","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":39736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Katherin P.","contributorId":97856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Katherin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023273,"text":"70023273 - 2001 - Comparision between crustal density and velocity variations in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023273","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparision between crustal density and velocity variations in Southern California","docAbstract":"We predict gravity from a three-dimensional Vp model of the upper crust and compare it to the observed isostatic residual gravity field. In general this comparison shows that the isostatic residual gravity field reflects the density variations in the upper to middle crust. Both data sets show similar density variations for the upper crust in areas such as the Peninsular Ranges and the Los Angeles basin. Both show similar variations across major faults, such as the San Andreas and Garlock faults in the Mojave Desert. The difference between the two data sets in regions such as the Salton Trough, the Eastern California Shear Zone, and the eastern Ventura basin (where depth to Moho is <30 km), however, suggests high-density middle to lower crust beneath these regions. Hence the joint interpretation of these data sets improves the depth constraints of crustal density variations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001GL013392","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Hauksson, E., 2001, Comparision between crustal density and velocity variations in Southern California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 16, p. 3087-3090, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013392.","startPage":"3087","endPage":"3090","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478934,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013392","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207596,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013392"},{"id":232678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83be4b0c8380cd4cf6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008381,"text":"1008381 - 2001 - Pesticides and amphibian declines in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-12T16:45:59.66191","indexId":"1008381","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides and amphibian declines in California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several species of anuran amphibians have undergone drastic population declines in the western United States over the last 10 to 15 years. In California, the most severe declines are in the Sierra Mountains east of the Central Valley and downwind of the intensely agricultural San Joaquin Valley. In contrast, coastal and more northern populations across from the less agrarian Sacramento Valley are stable or declining less precipitously. In this article, we provide evidence that pesticides are instrumental in declines of these species. Using&nbsp;</span><i>Hyla regilla</i><span>&nbsp;as a sentinel species, we found that cholinesterase (ChE) activity in tadpoles was depressed in mountainous areas east of the Central Valley compared with sites along the coast or north of the Valley. Cholinesterase was also lower in areas where ranid population status was poor or moderate compared with areas with good ranid status. Up to 50% of the sampled population in areas with reduced ChE had detectable organophosphorus residues, with concentrations as high as 190 ppb wet weight. In addition, up to 86% of some populations had measurable endosulfan concentrations and 40% had detectable 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, 4,4′-DDT, and 2,4′-DDT residues.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620200725","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., Fellers, G.M., and McConnell, L., 2001, Pesticides and amphibian declines in California, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1591-1595, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200725.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1591","endPage":"1595","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478992,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.529.9781","text":"External 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,{"id":1014942,"text":"1014942 - 2001 - Population structure of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): A range-wide perspective from microsatellite DNA variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T12:05:36.485682","indexId":"1014942","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Population structure of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i> L.): A range-wide perspective from microsatellite DNA variation","title":"Population structure of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): A range-wide perspective from microsatellite DNA variation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Atlantic salmon (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1682) from 27 anadromous river populations and two nonanadromous strains ranging from south-central Maine, USA to northern Spain were genotyped at 12 microsatellite DNA loci. This suite of moderate to highly polymorphic loci revealed 266 alleles (5–37/locus) range-wide. Statistically significant allelic and genotypic heterogeneity was observed across loci between all but one pairwise comparison. Significant isolation by distance was found within and between North American and European populations, indicating reduced gene flow at all geographical scales examined. North American Atlantic salmon populations had fewer alleles, fewer unique alleles (though at a higher frequency) and a shallower phylogenetic structure than European Atlantic salmon populations. We believe these characteristics result from the differing glacial histories of the two continents, as the North American range of Atlantic salmon was glaciated more recently and more uniformly than the European range. Genotypic assignment tests based on maximum-likelihood provided 100% correct classification to continent of origin and averaged nearly 83% correct classification to province of origin across continents. This multilocus method, which may be enhanced with additional polymorphic loci, provides fishery managers the highest degree of correct assignment to management unit of any technique currently available.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01231.x","usgsCitation":"King, T., Kalinowski, S., Schill, W.B., Spidle, A., and Lubinski, B., 2001, Population structure of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): A range-wide perspective from microsatellite DNA variation: Molecular Ecology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 807-821, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01231.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"821","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479006,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01231.x","text":"Publisher Index 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B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spidle, A.P.","contributorId":93429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spidle","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lubinski, B.A.","contributorId":58598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1013434,"text":"1013434 - 2001 - Utility of stable isotope analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores: Examples from moose and caribou","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:04:19","indexId":"1013434","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":693,"text":"Alces","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utility of stable isotope analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores: Examples from moose and caribou","docAbstract":"<p>Recently, researchers emphasized that patterns of stable isotope ratios observed at the individual level are a result of an interaction between ecological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Isotopic models for herbivores provide additional complications because those mammals consume foods that have high variability in nitrogen concentrations. In addition, distribution of amino acids in plants may differ greatly from that required by a herbivore. At northern latitudes, where the growing season of vegetation is short, isotope ratios in herbivore tissues are expected to differ between seasons. Summer ratios likely reflect diet composition, whereas winter ratios would reflect diet and nutrient recycling by the animals. We tested this hypothesis using data collected from blood samples of caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) and moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Stable isotope ratios of moose and caribou were significantly different from each other in late summer-autumn and winter. Also, late summer-autumn and winter ratios differed significantly between seasons in both species. Nonetheless, we were unable to evaluate whether differences in seasonal isotopic ratios were a result of diet selection or a response to nutrient recycling. We believe that additional studies on plant isotopic ratios as related to ecological factors in conjunction with investigations of diet selection by the herbivores will enhance our understanding of those interactions. Also, controlled studies investigating the relation between diet and physiological responses in herbivores will increase the utility of isotopic analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Lakehead University","publisherLocation":"Thunder Bay, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Ben-David, M., Shochat, E., and Adams, L., 2001, Utility of stable isotope analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores: Examples from moose and caribou: Alces, v. 37, no. 2, p. 421-434.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"434","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340766,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://flash.lakeheadu.ca/~arodgers/Alces/vol37b_2001.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ben-David, Merav","contributorId":190901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-David","given":"Merav","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shochat, Einav","contributorId":94261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shochat","given":"Einav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023143,"text":"70023143 - 2001 - The roughness of natural terrain: A planetary and remote sensing perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-18T08:35:53","indexId":"70023143","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The roughness of natural terrain: A planetary and remote sensing perspective","docAbstract":"<p>We examine the various methods and parameters in common use for quantifying and reporting surface topographic \"roughness.\" It is shown that scale-dependent roughness parameters are almost always required, though not widely used. We suggest a method of standardizing the parameters that are computed and reported so that topographic data gathered by different workers using different field techniques can be directly and easily intercompared. We illustrate the proposed method by analyzing topographic data from 60 different surfaces gathered by five different groups and examine the information for common features. We briefly discuss the implications of our analysis for studies of planetary surface roughness, lander safety, and radar remote sensing modeling and analysis.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001429","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Shepard, M.K., Campbell, B.A., Bulmer, M.H., Gaddis, L.R., Farr, T.G., and Plaut, J.J., 2001, The roughness of natural terrain: A planetary and remote sensing perspective: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E12, p. 32777-32795, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001429.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"32777","endPage":"32795","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000je001429","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafabe4b08c986b324977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shepard, Michael K.","contributorId":200622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shepard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Bruce A.","contributorId":39813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bulmer, Mark H.","contributorId":213328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bulmer","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farr, Tom G.","contributorId":213329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farr","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plaut, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":63516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plaut","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023262,"text":"70023262 - 2001 - Use of radium isotopes to determine the age and origin of radioactive barite at oil-field production sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70023262","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of radium isotopes to determine the age and origin of radioactive barite at oil-field production sites","docAbstract":"Radium-bearing barite (radiobarite) is a common constituent of scale and sludge deposits that form in oil-field production equipment. The barite forms as a precipitate from radium-bearing, saline formation water that is pumped to the surface along with oil. Radioactivity levels in some oil-field equipment and in soils contaminated by scale and sludge can be sufficiently high to pose a potential health threat. Accurate determinations of radium isotopes (226Ra+228Ra) in soils are required to establish the level of soil contamination and the volume of soil that may exceed regulatory limits for total radium content. In this study the radium isotopic data are used to provide estimates of the age of formation of the radiobarite contaminant. Age estimates require that highly insoluble radiobarite approximates a chemically closed system from the time of its formation. Age estimates are based on the decay of short-lived 228Ra (half-life=5.76 years) compared to 226Ra (half-life=1600 years). Present activity ratios of 228Ra/226Ra in radiobarite-rich scale or highly contaminated soil are compared to initial ratios at the time of radiobarite precipitation. Initial ratios are estimated by measurements of saline water or recent barite precipitates at the site or by considering a range of probable initial ratios based on reported values in modern oil-field brines. At sites that contain two distinct radiobarite sources of different age, the soils containing mixtures of sources can be identified, and mixing proportions quantified using radium concentration and isotopic data. These uses of radium isotope data provide more description of contamination history and can possibly address liability issues. Copyright ?? 2000 .","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00188-3","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Otton, J.K., and Budahn, J., 2001, Use of radium isotopes to determine the age and origin of radioactive barite at oil-field production sites: Environmental Pollution, v. 113, no. 3, p. 299-309, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00188-3.","startPage":"299","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00188-3"},{"id":232515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf65e4b08c986b329b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otton, J. K.","contributorId":52589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022990,"text":"70022990 - 2001 - Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:41:59","indexId":"70022990","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation","docAbstract":"Recharge areas of spring systems can be hard to identify, but they can be critically important for protection of a spring resource. A recharge area for a spring complex in southern Wisconsin was delineated using a variety of complementary techniques. A telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) model was constructed from an existing regional-scale ground water flow model. This TMR model was formally optimized using parameter estimation techniques; the optimized \"best fit\" to measured heads and fluxes was obtained by using a horizontal hydraulic conductivity 200% larger than the original regional model for the upper bedrock aquifer and 80% smaller for the lower bedrock aquifer. The uncertainty in hydraulic conductivity was formally considered using a stochastic Monte Carlo approach. Two-hundred model runs used uniformly distributed, randomly sampled, horizontal hydraulic conductivity values within the range given by the TMR optimized values and the previously constructed regional model. A probability distribution of particles captured by the spring, or a \"probabilistic capture zone,\" was calculated from the realistic Monte Carlo results (136 runs of 200). In addition to portions of the local surface watershed, the capture zone encompassed areas outside of the watershed - demonstrating that the ground watershed and surface watershed do not coincide. Analysis of water collected from the site identified relatively large contrasts in chemistry, even for springs within 15 m of one another. The differences showed a distinct gradation from Ordovician-carbonate-dominated water in western spring vents to Cambrian-sandstone-influenced water in eastern spring vents. The difference in chemistry was attributed to distinctive bedrock geology as demonstrated by overlaying the capture zone derived from numerical modeling over a bedrock geology map for the area. This finding gives additional confidence to the capture zone calculated by modeling.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02360.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Steuer, J.J., Mansor, M., and Bullen, T., 2001, Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 5, p. 702-712, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02360.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"712","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe60e4b0c8380cd4ece1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mansor, M.T.C.","contributorId":85370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mansor","given":"M.T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023019,"text":"70023019 - 2001 - Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T20:49:30","indexId":"70023019","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest","docAbstract":"Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (soil respiration), net CO2 exchange after photosynthetic uptake by ground-cover plants, and soil CO2 concentration versus depth below land surface were measured at four ages of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest in central Saskatchewan. Soil respiration was smallest at a clear-cut site, largest in an 8-year-old stand, and decreased with stand age in 20-year-old and mature (60-75 years old) stands during May-September 1994 (12.1, 34.6, 31.5, and 24.9 mol C??m-2, respectively). Simulations of soil respiration at each stand based on continuously recorded soil temperature were within one standard deviation of measured flux for 48 of 52 measurement periods, but were 10%-30% less than linear interpolations of measured flux for the season. This was probably due to decreased soil respiration at night modeled by the temperature-flux relationships, but not documented by daytime chamber measurements. CO2 uptake by ground-cover plants ranged from 0 at the clear-cut site to 29, 25, and 9% of total growing season soil respiration at the 8-year, 20-year, and mature stands. CO2 concentrations were as great as 7150 ppmv in the upper 1 m of unsaturated zone and were proportional to measured soil respiration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-31-9-1540","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., and Wickland, K., 2001, Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 1540-1550, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-31-9-1540.","startPage":"1540","endPage":"1550","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208049,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-31-9-1540"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9217e4b08c986b319cc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wickland, K.P. 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":10786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022814,"text":"70022814 - 2001 - The Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal bed: Resources and mine models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T18:50:03.31214","indexId":"70022814","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal bed: Resources and mine models","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey recently completed a digital coal resource assessment model of the Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal bed, which indicates that after subtracting mined-out coal, 16 billion short tons (14 billion tonnes) remain of the original 34 billion short tons (31 billion tonnes) of coal. When technical, environmental, and social restrictions are applied to the remaining Pittsburgh coal model, only 12 billion short tons (11 billion tonnes) are available for mining. Our assessment models estimate that up to 0.61 billion short tons (0.55 billion tonnes), 2.7 billion short tons (2.4 billion tonnes), and 8.5 billion short tons (7.7 billion tonnes) could be available for surface mining, continuous mining, and longwall mining, respectively. This analysis is an example of a second-generation regional coal availability study designed to model recoverability characteristics for all the major coal beds in the United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1011529430807","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Watson, W., Ruppert, L., Tewalt, S., and Bragg, L.J., 2001, The Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal bed: Resources and mine models: Natural Resources Research, v. 10, no. 1, p. 21-34, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011529430807.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh Coal Bed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.78929271159902,\n              39.066553580455945\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.64647044597436,\n              38.81875203081822\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8774274772241,\n              38.85298303544727\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.43797435222433,\n              38.54431172682851\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.60325755534937,\n              37.69730870201133\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.74632396159942,\n              38.58726238265223\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.37278880534907,\n              38.707387597242956\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.91136302409907,\n              38.91284766884306\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.5378278678494,\n              39.34748007643097\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.77977122722427,\n              39.89752847367427\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.274155992849,\n              40.67690125274703\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.74656810222416,\n              41.298869404839365\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.26268138347442,\n              41.323626036386486\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.3832868522241,\n              40.560151221702995\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.28392161784913,\n              39.52566599169779\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.78929271159902,\n              39.066553580455945\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb153e4b08c986b3252cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, W.D.","contributorId":96730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tewalt, S.J.","contributorId":55838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bragg, L. J.","contributorId":104055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023731,"text":"70023731 - 2001 - Formation and failure of volcanic debris dams in the Chakachatna River valley associated with eruptions of the Spurr volcanic complex, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023731","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation and failure of volcanic debris dams in the Chakachatna River valley associated with eruptions of the Spurr volcanic complex, Alaska","docAbstract":"The formation of lahars and a debris avalanche during Holocene eruptions of the Spurr volcanic complex in south-central Alaska have led to the development of volcanic debris dams in the Chakachatna River valley. Debris dams composed of lahar and debris-avalanche deposits formed at least five times in the last 8000-10,000 years and most recently during eruptions of Crater Peak vent in 1953 and 1992. Water impounded by a large debris avalanche of early Holocene (?) age may have destabilized an upstream glacier-dammed lake causing a catastrophic flood on the Chakachatna River. A large alluvial fan just downstream of the debris-avalanche deposit is strewn with boulders and blocks and is probably the deposit generated by this flood. Application of a physically based dam-break model yields estimates of peak discharge (Qp) attained during failure of the debris-avalanche dam in the range 104 < Qp < 106 m3 s-1 for plausible breach erosion rates of 10-100 m h-1. Smaller, short-lived, lahar dams that formed during historical eruptions in 1953, and 1992, impounded smaller lakes in the upper Chakachatna River valley and peak flows attained during failure of these volcanic debris dams were in the range 103 < Qp < 104 m3 s-1 for plausible breach erosion rates. Volcanic debris dams have formed at other volcanoes in the Cook Inlet region, Aleutian arc, and Wrangell Mountains but apparently did not fail rapidly or result in large or catastrophic outflows. Steep valley topography and frequent eruptions at volcanoes in this region make for significant hazards associated with the formation and failure of volcanic debris dams. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00097-0","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., 2001, Formation and failure of volcanic debris dams in the Chakachatna River valley associated with eruptions of the Spurr volcanic complex, Alaska: Geomorphology, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 111-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00097-0.","startPage":"111","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00097-0"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1347e4b0c8380cd545b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022777,"text":"70022777 - 2001 - Hydrology of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:14:30","indexId":"70022777","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain, located in southern Nevada in the Mojave Desert, is being considered as a geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. Although the site is arid, previous studies indicate net infiltration rates of 5-10 mm yr-1 under current climate conditions. Unsaturated flow of water through the mountain generally is vertical and rapid through the fractures of the welded tuffs and slow through the matrix of the nonwelded tuffs. The vitric-zeolitic boundary of the nonwelded tuffs below the potential repository, where it exists, causes perching and substantial lateral flow that eventually flows through faults near the eastern edge of the potential repository and recharges the underlying groundwater system. Fast pathways are located where water flows relatively quickly through the unsaturated zone to the water table. For the bulk of the water a large part of the travel time from land surface to the potential repository horizon (~300 m below land surface) is through the interlayered, low fracture density, nonwelded tuff where flow is predominately through the matrix. The unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain is being modeled using a three-dimensional, dual-continuum numerical model to predict the results of measurements and observations in new boreholes and excavations. The interaction between experimentalists and modelers is providing confidence in the conceptual model and the numerical model and is providing researchers with the ability to plan further testing and to evaluate the usefulness or necessity of further data collection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews of Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999RG000075","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., Kwicklis, E., Bodvarsson, G., and Fabryka-Martin, J.M., 2001, Hydrology of Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 39, no. 4, p. 447-470, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999RG000075.","startPage":"447","endPage":"470","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999RG000075"},{"id":233714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a370fe4b0c8380cd60bef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwicklis, E. M.","contributorId":86377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"E. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodvarsson, G.S.","contributorId":98045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodvarsson","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fabryka-Martin, J. M.","contributorId":101422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabryka-Martin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022824,"text":"70022824 - 2001 - Evidence and characteristics of hydrolytic disproportionation of organic matter during metasomatic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70022824","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence and characteristics of hydrolytic disproportionation of organic matter during metasomatic processes","docAbstract":"Petroleum-geochemical analyses of carbonaceous regionally metamorphosed rocks, carbonaceous rocks from ore deposits, and alkalic plutonic rocks from diverse settings, demonstrated the presence of very low to moderately low concentrations of solvent-extractable organic matter, this observation in spite of the fact that some of these rocks were exposed to extremely high metamorphic temperatures. Biomarker and ??13C analyses established that the extractable organic matter originated as sedimentary-derived hydrocarbons. However, the chemistry of the extractable bitumen has been fundamentally transformed from that found in sediment bitumen and oils. Asphaltenes and resins, as defined in the normal petroleum-geochemical sense, are completely missing. The principal aromatic hydrocarbons present in oils and sediment bitumens (especially the methylated naphthalenes) are either in highly reduced concentrations or are missing altogether, Instead, aromatic hydrocarbons typical of sediment bitumens and oils are very minor, and a number of unidentified compounds and oxygen-bearing compounds are dominant. Relatively high concentrations of alkylated benzenes are typical. The polar \"resin\" fraction, eluted during column chromatography, is the principal compound group, by weight, being composed of six to eight dominant peaks present in all samples, despite the great geologic diversity of the samples. These, and other, observations suggest that a strong drive towards equilibrium exists in the \"bitumen.\" Gas chromatograms of the saturated hydrocarbons commonly have a pronounced hump in both the n-paraffins and naphthenes, centered near the C19 to C26 carbon numbers, and a ubiquitos minimum in the n-paraffin distribution near n-C12 to n-C14. Multiple considerations dictate that the bitumen in the samples is indigenous and did not originate from either surficial field contamination or from laboratory procedures. Our observations are consistent with the hydrolytic disproportion of organic matter (HDOM), in which water and organic matter, including hydrocarbons, easily exchange hydrogen or oxygen with one another under certain conditions (Helgeson et al., 1993). The process appears to take place via well-known organic-chemical redox reaction pathways and is most evident in open-fluid systems. The conclusion that HDOM took place in the analyzed samples, thus producing the chemistry of the extractable bitumen, is supported by numerous previously published organic-geochemical studies of metamorphic, volcanic, plutonic, and ore-deposit-related rocks by other investigators. HDOM is suggested as an unrecognized geologic agent of fundamental importance. The process appears to control major chemical reactions in diverse geologic environments including, but not limited to, petroleum geology and geochemistry, regional metamorphism, and base- and precious-metal ore deposition. Copyright ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00762-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Price, L., and Dewitt, E., 2001, Evidence and characteristics of hydrolytic disproportionation of organic matter during metasomatic processes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, no. 21, p. 3791-3826, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00762-1.","startPage":"3791","endPage":"3826","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00762-1"},{"id":233354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d27e4b0c8380cd52e40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, L.C.","contributorId":48575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewitt, E.","contributorId":108257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewitt","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023277,"text":"70023277 - 2001 - Diamond-anvil cell observations of a new methane hydrate phase in the 100-MPa pressure range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023277","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2424,"text":"Journal of Physical Chemistry A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diamond-anvil cell observations of a new methane hydrate phase in the 100-MPa pressure range","docAbstract":"A new high-pressure phase of methane hydrate has been identified based on its high optical relief, distinct pressure-temperature phase relations, and Raman spectra. In-situ optical observations were made in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell at temperatures between -40?? and 60 ??C and at pressures up to 900 MPa. Two new invariant points were located at -8.7 ??C and 99 MPa for the assemblage consisting of the new phase, structure I methane hydrate, ice Ih, and water, and at 35.3 ??C and 137 MPa for the new phase-structure I methane hydrate-water-methane vapor. Existence of the new phase is critical for understanding the phase relations among the hydrates at low to moderate pressures, and may also have important implications for understanding the hydrogen bonding in H2O and the behavior of water in the planetary bodies, such as Europa, of the outer solar system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Physical Chemistry A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/jp002735w","issn":"10895639","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., Sharma, A., Burruss, R., Hemley, R., Goncharov, A., Stern, L., and Kirby, S.H., 2001, Diamond-anvil cell observations of a new methane hydrate phase in the 100-MPa pressure range: Journal of Physical Chemistry A, v. 105, no. 19, p. 4664-4668, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp002735w.","startPage":"4664","endPage":"4668","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207638,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp002735w"},{"id":232760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00a7e4b0c8380cd4f83b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharma, A.","contributorId":59978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemley, R.J.","contributorId":70118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemley","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goncharov, A.F.","contributorId":12230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goncharov","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022743,"text":"70022743 - 2001 - Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:20:29","indexId":"70022743","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Genetic markers that differ in mode of inheritance and rate of evolution (a sex-linked Z-specific microsatellite locus, five biparentally inherited microsatellite loci, and maternally inherited mitochondrial [mtDNA] sequences) were used to evaluate the degree of spatial genetic structuring at macro- and microgeographic scales, among breeding regions and local nesting populations within each region, respectively, for a migratory sea duck species, the spectacled eider (</span><i>Somateria fisheri</i><span>). Disjunct and declining breeding populations coupled with sex-specific differences in seasonal migratory patterns and life history provide a series of hypotheses regarding rates and directionality of gene flow among breeding populations from the Indigirka River Delta, Russia, and the North Slope and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The degree of differentiation in mtDNA haplotype frequency among breeding regions and populations within regions was high (ϕ</span><sub>CT</sub><span> = 0.189, </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.01; ϕ</span><sub>SC</sub><span> = 0.059, </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.01, respectively). Eleven of 17 mtDNA haplotypes were restricted to a single breeding region. Genetic differences among regions were considerably lower for nuclear DNA loci (sex-linked: ϕ</span><sub>ST</sub><span> = 0.001, </span><i>P</i><span> &gt; 0.05; biparentally inherited microsatellites: mean θ = 0.001, </span><i>P</i><span> &gt; 0.05) than was observed for mtDNA. Using models explicitly designed for uniparental and biparentally inherited genes, estimates of spatial divergence based on nuclear and mtDNA data together with elements of the species' breeding ecology were used to estimate effective population size and degree of male and female gene flow. Differences in the magnitude and spatial patterns of gene correlations for maternally inherited and nuclear genes revealed that females exhibit greater natal philopatry than do males. Estimates of generational female and male rates of gene flow among breeding regions differed markedly (3.67 × 10</span><sup>−4</sup><span> and 1.28 × 10</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, respectively). Effective population size for mtDNA was estimated to be at least three times lower than that for biparental genes (30,671 and 101,528, respectively). Large disparities in population sizes among breeding areas greatly reduces the proportion of total genetic variance captured by dispersal, which may accelerate rates of inbreeding (i.e., promote higher coancestries) within populations due to nonrandom pairing of males with females from the same breeding population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2105:SBGFIS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00143820","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., Petersen, M.R., Fields, R.L., Talbot, S.L., Pearce, J.M., and Chesser, R.K., 2001, Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance: Evolution, v. 55, no. 10, p. 2105-2115, https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2105:SBGFIS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2105","endPage":"2115","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Indigirka River Delta, North Slope [Alaska], Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","volume":"55","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8daee4b08c986b3184d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fields, Raymond L.","contributorId":182354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chesser, Ronald K.","contributorId":113098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022734,"text":"70022734 - 2001 - Coastline complexity: A parameter for functional classification of coastal environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022734","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coastline complexity: A parameter for functional classification of coastal environments","docAbstract":"To understand the role of the world's coastal zone (CZ) in global biogeochemical fluxes (particularly those of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediments) we must generalise from a limited number of observations associated with a few well-studied coastal systems to the global scale. Global generalisation must be based on globally available data and on robust techniques for classification and upscaling. These requirements impose severe constraints on the set of variables that can be used to extract information about local CZ functions such as advective and metabolic fluxes, and differences resulting from changes in biotic communities. Coastal complexity (plan-view tortuosity of the coastline) is a potentially useful parameter, since it interacts strongly with both marine and terrestrial forcing functions to determine coastal energy regimes and water residence times, and since 'open' vs. 'sheltered' categories are important components of most coastal habitat classification schemes. This study employs the World Vector Shoreline (WVS) dataset, originally developed at a scale of 1:250 000. Coastline complexity measures are generated using a modification of the Angle Measurement Technique (AMT), in which the basic measurement is the angle between two lines of specified length drawn from a selected point to the closest points of intersection with the coastline. Repetition of these measurements for different lengths at the same point yields a distribution of angles descriptive of the extent and scale of complexity in the vicinity of that point; repetition of the process at different points on the coast provides a basis for comparing both the extent and the characteristic scale of coastline variation along different reaches of the coast. The coast of northwestern Mexico (Baja California and the Gulf of California) was used as a case study for initial development and testing of the method. The characteristic angle distribution plots generated by the AMT analysis were clustered using LOICZVIEW, a high dimensionality clustering routine developed for large-scale coastal classification studies. The results show distinctive differences in coastal environments that have the potential for interpretation in terms of both biotic and hydrogeochemical environments, and that can be related to the resolution limits and uncertainties of the shoreline data used. These objective, quantitative measures of coastal complexity as a function of scale can be further developed and combined with other data sets to provide a key component of functional classification of coastal environments. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sea Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1385-1101(01)00073-9","issn":"13851101","usgsCitation":"Bartley, J., Buddemeier, R., and Bennett, D., 2001, Coastline complexity: A parameter for functional classification of coastal environments, <i>in</i> Journal of Sea Research, v. 46, no. 2, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(01)00073-9.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478858,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.589.3057","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(01)00073-9"},{"id":233602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f794e4b0c8380cd4cbbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartley, J.D.","contributorId":88533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartley","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, D.A.","contributorId":98919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022960,"text":"70022960 - 2001 - Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain I. Coulomb mixture theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T17:38:00.878236","indexId":"70022960","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain I. Coulomb mixture theory","docAbstract":"Rock avalanches, debris flows, and related phenomena consist of grain-fluid mixtures that move across three-dimensional terrain. In all these phenomena the same basic forces, govern motion, but differing mixture compositions, initial conditions, and boundary conditions yield varied dynamics and deposits. To predict motion of diverse grain-fluid masses from initiation to deposition, we develop a depth-averaged, threedimensional mathematical model that accounts explicitly for solid- and fluid-phase forces and interactions. Model input consists of initial conditions, path topography, basal and internal friction angles of solid grains, viscosity of pore fluid, mixture density, and a mixture diffusivity that controls pore pressure dissipation. Because these properties are constrained by independent measurements, the model requires little or no calibration and yields readily testable predictions. In the limit of vanishing Coulomb friction due to persistent high fluid pressure the model equations describe motion of viscous floods, and in the limit of vanishing fluid stress they describe one-phase granular avalanches. Analysis of intermediate phenomena such as debris flows and pyroclastic flows requires use of the full mixture equations, which can simulate interaction of high-friction surge fronts with more-fluid debris that follows. Special numerical methods (described in the companion paper) are necessary to solve the full equations, but exact analytical solutions of simplified equations provide critical insight. An analytical solution for translational motion of a Coulomb mixture accelerating from rest and descending a uniform slope demonstrates that steady flow can occur only asymptotically. A solution for the asymptotic limit of steady flow in a rectangular channel explains why shear may be concentrated in narrow marginal bands that border a plug of translating debris. Solutions for static equilibrium of source areas describe conditions of incipient slope instability, and other static solutions show that nonuniform distributions of pore fluid pressure produce bluntly tapered vertical profiles at the margins of deposits. Simplified equations and solutions may apply in additional situations identified by a scaling analysis. Assessment of dimensionless scaling parameters also reveals that miniature laboratory experiments poorly simulate the dynamics of full-scale flows in which fluid effects are significant. Therefore large geophysical flows can exhibit dynamics not evident at laboratory scales.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900329","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R., and Denlinger, R., 2001, Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain I. Coulomb mixture theory: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B1, p. 537-552, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900329.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900329","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124ae4b0c8380cd5424f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, R.M. 0000-0002-7369-3819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":16435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denlinger, R.P.","contributorId":49367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023711,"text":"70023711 - 2001 - Paleomagnetic data bearing on style of Miocene deformation in the Lake Mead area, Southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023711","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic data bearing on style of Miocene deformation in the Lake Mead area, Southern Nevada","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic and structural data from intermediate to mafic composition lava flows and related dikes in all major blocks of the late Miocene Hamblin-Cleopatra Volcano, which was structurally dismembered during the development of the Lake Mead Fault System (LMFS), provide limits on the magnitude and sense of tilting and vertical axis rotation of crust during extension of this part of the Basin and Range province. Sinistral separation along the fault system dissected the volcano into three major blocks. The eastern, Cleopatra Lobe of the volcano is structurally the most intact section of the volcano. Normal and reverse polarity data from paleomagnetic sites collected along traverses in the Cleopatra Lobe yield an in situ grand mean of Declination (D) = 339??, Inclination (I) = +54??, ??95 = 3.1??, k = 27.2, N = 81 sites. The rocks of the central core of the volcano yield an in situ grand mean of D = 3??, I = + 59??, ??95 = 6.8??, k = 42.5, N = 11 sites (six normal, five reverse polarity). Sites collected within the western Hamblin Lobe of the volcano are exclusively of reverse polarity and yield an overall in situ mean of D = 168??, I = -58??, ??95 = 6.5??. k = 28.9, N = 18 sites. Interpretation of the paleomagnetic data in the context of the structural history of the volcano and surrounding area, considers the possibility of two different types of structural corrections. A stratigraphic tilt correction involves restoring flows to the horizontal using the present strike. This correction assumes no initial, possibly radial, dip of flows of the volcano and is considered invalid. A structural tilt correction to the data assumes that dikes of the radiating swarm associated with the volcano were originally vertical and results in block mean directions of D = 9??, I = +53??, ??95 = 3.1??, k = 27.2, and D = 58??, I = + 78??, ??95 = 6.8, k = 42.5, for the Cleopatra Lobe and the central intrusive core, respectively. The data from the Cleopatra Lobe are slightly discordant, in a clockwise sense, from expected middle- to late-Miocene field directions. The data from the volcano are not consistent with a proposed structural model of uniform, moderate magnitude, statistically significant, counter-clockwise vertical axis rotation of fault-bounded blocks during overall sinsitral displacement along the LMFS. We also analyzed dikes of the northernmost part of the Miocene Wilson Ridge hypabyssal igneous complex, strata of the Triassic Chinle Formation, and basalt flows of the Miocene West End Wash/Callville Mesa volcanic centers. Dikes in the Wilson Ridge pluton and the Triassic strata yield magnetizations with directions suggestive of statistically significant, clockwise, vertical-axis rotations consistent with local, large-magnitude shear of crustal fragments near some of the faults of the LMFS. Late Cenozoic deformation of the Hamblin-Cleopatra volcano area appears to have been non-uniform in scale and magnitude and no single structural model, involving strictly strike-slip faulting, can account for the observed paleomagnetic data. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00191-7","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Wawrzyniec, T., Geissman, J.W., Anderson, R., Harlan, S.S., and Faulds, J., 2001, Paleomagnetic data bearing on style of Miocene deformation in the Lake Mead area, Southern Nevada: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1255-1279, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00191-7.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1279","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00191-7"},{"id":232665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7409e4b0c8380cd773d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wawrzyniec, T.F.","contributorId":75721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wawrzyniec","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geissman, J. W.","contributorId":105760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, R.E.","contributorId":91479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Faulds, J.","contributorId":80458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulds","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023264,"text":"70023264 - 2001 - Singular spectrum analysis for time series with missing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:39:34","indexId":"70023264","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Singular spectrum analysis for time series with missing data","docAbstract":"<p>Geophysical time series often contain missing data, which prevents analysis with many signal processing and multivariate tools. A modification of singular spectrum analysis for time series with missing data is developed and successfully tested with synthetic and actual incomplete time series of suspended-sediment concentration from San Francisco Bay. This method also can be used to low pass filter incomplete time series.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL012698","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 2001, Singular spectrum analysis for time series with missing data: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 16, p. 3187-3190, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012698.","startPage":"3187","endPage":"3190","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478960,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012698","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012698"}],"volume":"28","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90e3e4b08c986b3196c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}