Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) summer on the sea ice or, where it melts, on shore. Although the physiology of “ice” bears in summer is unknown, “shore” bears purportedly minimize energy losses by entering a hibernation-like state when deprived of food. Such a strategy could partially compensate for the loss of on-ice foraging opportunities caused by climate change. However, here we report gradual, moderate declines in activity and body temperature of both shore and ice bears in summer, resembling energy expenditures typical of fasting, nonhibernating mammals. Also, we found that to avoid unsustainable heat loss while swimming, bears employed unusual heterothermy of the body core. Thus, although well adapted to seasonal ice melt, polar bears appear susceptible to deleterious declines in body condition during the lengthening period of summer food deprivation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1126/science.aaa8623","usgsCitation":"Whiteman, J., Harlow, H., Durner, G.M., Anderson-Sprecher, R., Albeke, S.E., Regehr, E.V., Amstrup, S.C., and Ben-David, M., 2015, Summer declines in activity and body temperature offer polar bears limited energy savings: Science, v. 349, no. 6245, p. 295-298, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8623.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063276","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"349","issue":"6245","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eef3e4b0bc0bec09ee16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whiteman, J.P.","contributorId":107549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteman","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harlow, H.J.","contributorId":20178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson-Sprecher, R.","contributorId":146357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson-Sprecher","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Albeke, Shannon E.","contributorId":81781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albeke","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ben-David, M.","contributorId":11563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-David","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70155210,"text":"70155210 - 2015 - Age-specific vibrissae growth rates: a tool for determining the timing of ecologically important events in Steller sea lions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-03T11:05:13","indexId":"70155210","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-specific vibrissae growth rates: a tool for determining the timing of ecologically important events in Steller sea lions","docAbstract":"Steller sea lions (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus) grow their vibrissae continually, providing a multiyear record suitable for ecological and physiological studies based on stable isotopes. An accurate age-specific vibrissae growth rate is essential for registering a chronology along the length of the record, and for interpreting the timing of ecologically important events. We utilized four methods to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae in fetal, rookery pup, young-of-the-year (YOY), yearling, subadult, and adult SSL. The majority of vibrissae were collected from SSL live-captured in Alaska and Russia between 2000 and 2013 (n = 1,115), however, vibrissae were also collected from six adult SSL found dead on haul-outs and rookeries during field excursions to increase the sample size of this underrepresented age group. Growth rates of vibrissae were generally slower in adult (0.44 ± 0.15 cm/mo) and subadult (0.61 ± 0.10 cm/mo) SSL than in YOY (0.87 ± 0.28 cm/mo) and fetal (0.73 ± 0.05 cm/mo) animals, but there was high individual variability in these growth rates within each age group. Some variability in vibrissae growth rates was attributed to the somatic growth rate of YOY sea lions between capture events (P = 0.014, r2 = 0.206, n = 29).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Marine Mammalogy","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1111/mms.12221","collaboration":"University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Alaska SeaLife Center; North Pacific Wildlife Consulting","usgsCitation":"Rea, L., Christ, A., Hayden, A., Stegall, V., Farley, S., Stricker, C.A., Mellish, J., Maniscalco, J.M., Waite, J., Burkanov, V., and Pitcher, K., 2015, Age-specific vibrissae growth rates: a tool for determining the timing of ecologically important events in Steller sea lions: Marine Mammal Science, v. 31, no. 3, p. 1213-1233, https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12221.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1213","endPage":"1233","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057588","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090aae4b033ef5210428f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rea, L.D.","contributorId":140864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rea","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13599,"text":"University of Alaska - Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christ, A.M.","contributorId":140865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christ","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayden, A.B.","contributorId":145725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayden","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stegall, V.K.","contributorId":74975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stegall","given":"V.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farley, S.D.","contributorId":145726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mellish, J.E.","contributorId":145727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellish","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16211,"text":"Alaska SeaLife Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maniscalco, John M.","contributorId":26473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maniscalco","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Waite, J.N.","contributorId":145728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waite","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13599,"text":"University of Alaska - Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Burkanov, V.N.","contributorId":56026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkanov","given":"V.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pitcher, K.W.","contributorId":96492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitcher","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70148606,"text":"70148606 - 2015 - Marine foraging ecology influences mercury bioaccumulation in deep-diving northern elephant seals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:03:48","indexId":"70148606","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine foraging ecology influences mercury bioaccumulation in deep-diving northern elephant seals","docAbstract":"Mercury contamination of oceans is prevalent worldwide and methylmercury concentrations in the mesopelagic zone (200–1000 m) are increasing more rapidly than in surface waters. Yet mercury bioaccumulation in mesopelagic predators has been understudied. Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) biannually travel thousands of kilometres to forage within coastal and open-ocean regions of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We coupled satellite telemetry, diving behaviour and stable isotopes (carbon and nitrogen) from 77 adult females, and showed that variability among individuals in foraging location, diving depth and δ13C values were correlated with mercury concentrations in blood and muscle. We identified three clusters of foraging strategies, and these resulted in substantially different mercury concentrations: (i) deeper-diving and offshore-foraging seals had the greatest mercury concentrations, (ii) shallower-diving and offshore-foraging seals had intermediate levels, and (iii) coastal and more northerly foraging seals had the lowest mercury concentrations. Additionally, mercury concentrations were lower at the end of the seven-month-long foraging trip (n = 31) than after the two-month- long post-breeding trip (n = 46). Our results indicate that foraging behaviour influences mercury exposure and mesopelagic predators foraging in the northeast Pacific Ocean may be at high risk for mercury bioaccumulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2015.0710","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.H., Ackerman, J., and Costa, D.P., 2015, Marine foraging ecology influences mercury bioaccumulation in deep-diving northern elephant seals: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 282, no. 1810, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0710.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-061944","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0710","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Mateo","otherGeospatial":"Año Nuevo State Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.640625,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -125.33203125,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -139.658203125,\n 59.265880628258095\n ],\n [\n -150.732421875,\n 58.99531118795094\n ],\n [\n -167.87109375,\n 52.3755991766591\n ],\n [\n -178.9453125,\n 47.754097979680026\n ],\n [\n -192.744140625,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -171.73828125,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 36.38591277287651\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"282","issue":"1810","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a78438e4b0183d66e45e8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Sarah H.","contributorId":141211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costa, Daniel P.","contributorId":141212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costa","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157378,"text":"70157378 - 2015 - Self-similar rupture implied by scaling properties of volcanic earthquakes occurring during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-23T10:55:39","indexId":"70157378","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Self-similar rupture implied by scaling properties of volcanic earthquakes occurring during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"We analyze a group of 6073 low-frequency earthquakes recorded during a week-long temporary deployment of broadband seismometers at distances of less than 3 km from the crater at Mount St. Helens in September of 2006. We estimate the seismic moment (M0) and spectral corner frequency (f0) using a spectral ratio approach for events with a high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio that have a cross-correlation coefficient of 0.8 or greater with at least five other events. A cluster analysis of cross-correlation values indicates that the group of 421 events meeting the SNR and cross-correlation criteria forms eight event families that exhibit largely self-similar scaling. We estimate the M0 and f0 values of the 421 events and calculate their static stress drop and scaled energy (ER/M0) values. The estimated values suggest self-similar scaling within families, as well as between five of eight families (i.e., ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1002%2F2014JB011744/asset/equation%2Fjgrb51149-math-0001.png?l=SkaBT8QEx2qAil3ITBtkuHTOQ1pnqowGQTmpw5QHnx2U2cn3oXAM090hrHXYlyZSX7%2Bmk1m%2BpFCe%0AAIvE%2FSocLg%3D%3D\")
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constant). We speculate that differences in scaled energy values for the two families with variable scaling may result from a lack of resolution in the velocity model. The observation of self-similar scaling is the first of its kind for such a large group of low-frequency volcanic tectonic events occurring during a single active dome extrusion eruption.
Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of salts in surface water bodies can be affected by the natural environment, local human activities such as surface and ground water withdrawals, land use, and energy extraction, and variability and long-term trends in atmospheric conditions including temperature and precipitation. Here, we quantify the relationship between 121 indicators of mean and extreme temperature and precipitation and 24 water quality parameters in 57 Texas reservoirs using observational data records covering the period 1960 to 2010. We find that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, chloride, sulfate, and phosphorus all show consistent correlations with atmospheric predictors, including high and low temperature extremes, dry days, heavy precipitation events, and mean temperature and precipitation over time scales ranging from one week to two years. Based on this analysis and published future projections for this region, we expect climate change to increase water temperatures, decrease dissolved oxygen levels, decrease pH, increase specific conductance, and increase levels of sulfate, chloride in Texas reservoirs. Over decadal time scales, this may affect aquatic ecosystems in the reservoirs, including altering the risk of conditions conducive to algae occurrence, as well as affecting the quality of water available for human consumption and recreation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Chichester, Sussex, England","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10545","usgsCitation":"Gelca, R., Hayhoe, K., Scott-Fleming, I., Crow, C., Dawson, D., and Patino, R., 2015, Climate-water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs: Hydrological Processes, v. 30, no. 1, p. 12-29, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10545.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053869","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n 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r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70155894,"text":"70155894 - 2015 - A landsat data tiling and compositing approach optimized for change detection in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T09:41:46","indexId":"70155894","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A landsat data tiling and compositing approach optimized for change detection in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Annual disturbance maps are produced by the LANDFIRE program across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Existing LANDFIRE disturbance data from 1999 to 2010 are available and current efforts will produce disturbance data through 2012. A tiling and compositing approach was developed to produce bi-annual images optimized for change detection. A tiled grid of 10,000 × 10,000 30 m pixels was defined for CONUS and adjusted to consolidate smaller tiles along national borders, resulting in 98 non-overlapping tiles. Data from Landsat-5,-7, and -8 were re-projected to the tile extents, masked to remove clouds, shadows, water, and snow/ice, then composited using a cosine similarity approach. The resultant images were used in a change detection algorithm to determine areas of vegetation change. This approach enabled more efficient processing compared to using single Landsat scenes, by taking advantage of overlap between adjacent paths, and allowed an automated system to be developed for the entire process.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","doi":"10.14358/PERS.81.7.573","usgsCitation":"Nelson, K., and Steinwand, D.R., 2015, A landsat data tiling and compositing approach optimized for change detection in the conterminous United States: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 81, no. 7, p. 573-586, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.81.7.573.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"586","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055870","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.81.7.573","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}\n","volume":"81","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305aae4b0518e35468cd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Kurtis 0000-0003-4911-4511 knelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-4511","contributorId":3602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kurtis","email":"knelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159689,"text":"70159689 - 2015 - Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: evolution of knowledge and understanding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:54:07","indexId":"70159689","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: evolution of knowledge and understanding","docAbstract":"Toxic organic contaminants may enter the subsurface as slightly soluble and volatile nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) or as dissolved solutes resulting in contaminant plumes emanating from the source zone. A large body of research published in Water Resources Research has been devoted to characterizing and understanding processes controlling the transport and fate of these organic contaminants and the effectiveness of natural attenuation, bioremediation, and other remedial technologies. These contributions include studies of NAPL flow, entrapment, and interphase mass transfer that have advanced from the analysis of simple systems with uniform properties and equilibrium contaminant phase partitioning to complex systems with pore-scale and macroscale heterogeneity and rate-limited interphase mass transfer. Understanding of the fate of dissolved organic plumes has advanced from when biodegradation was thought to require oxygen to recognition of the importance of anaerobic biodegradation, multiple redox zones, microbial enzyme kinetics, and mixing of organic contaminants and electron acceptors at plume fringes. Challenges remain in understanding the impacts of physical, chemical, biological, and hydrogeological heterogeneity, pore-scale interactions, and mixing on the fate of organic contaminants. Further effort is needed to successfully incorporate these processes into field-scale predictions of transport and fate. Regulations have greatly reduced the frequency of new point-source contamination problems; however, remediation at many legacy plumes remains challenging. A number of fields of current relevance are benefiting from research advances from point-source contaminant research. These include geologic carbon sequestration, nonpoint-source contamination, aquifer storage and recovery, the fate of contaminants from oil and gas development, and enhanced bioremediation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017121","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H.I., Bekins, B.A., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2015, Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: evolution of knowledge and understanding: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 7, p. 4861-4902, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017121.","productDescription":"42","startPage":"4861","endPage":"4902","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063591","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf50e4b0112df6c62e23","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015wr017121","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017121","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Essaid Hedeff I., Bekins Barbara A., Cozzarelli Isabelle M.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"7/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159931,"text":"70159931 - 2015 - The mysterious wolves of Belarus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T10:11:22","indexId":"70159931","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2093,"text":"International Wolf","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mysterious wolves of Belarus","docAbstract":"It was just after 3 a.m. as we very quietly exited the van, making sure our water-resistant clothes didn’t make too much noise. A wolf researcher howled into the cold and murky mist. We waited in darkness, hoping for an answer. A single wolf howl from about 300 meters in front of us broke the silence. We peered into the agricultural and forested expanse, straining to get a glimpse of the wolf in the faint star-light. Suddenly, from behind, another howl countered. The expedition’s leader explained that we were standing between two female wolves and their pups—both being tended to by the same male!
","language":"English","publisher":"International Wolf Center","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Barber-Meyer, S., 2015, The mysterious wolves of Belarus: International Wolf, p. 22-24.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063258","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695ee6e4b08895842a1c9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon 0000-0002-3048-2616 sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":150236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon","email":"sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70154858,"text":"70154858 - 2015 - Novel associations between contaminant body burdens and biomarkers of reproductive condition in male Common Carp along multiple gradients of contaminant exposure in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-17T12:54:29","indexId":"70154858","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Novel associations between contaminant body burdens and biomarkers of reproductive condition in male Common Carp along multiple gradients of contaminant exposure in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA","docAbstract":"Adult male Common Carp were sampled in 2007/08 over a full reproductive cycle at Lake Mead National Recreation Area. Sites sampled included a stream dominated by treated wastewater effluent, a lake basin receiving the streamflow, an upstream lake basin (reference), and a site below Hoover Dam. Individual body burdens for 252 contaminants were measured, and biological variables assessed included physiological [plasma vitellogenin (VTG), estradiol-17β (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT)] and organ [gonadosomatic index (GSI)] endpoints. Patterns in contaminant composition and biological condition were determined by Principal Component Analysis, and their associations modeled by Principal Component Regression. Three spatially distinct but temporally stable gradients of contaminant distribution were recognized: a contaminant mixture typical of wastewaters (PBDEs, methyl triclosan, galaxolide), PCBs, and DDTs. Two spatiotemporally variable patterns of biological condition were recognized: a primary pattern consisting of reproductive condition variables (11KT, E2, GSI), and a secondary pattern including general condition traits (condition factor, hematocrit, fork length). VTG was low in all fish, indicating low estrogenic activity of water at all sites. Wastewater contaminants associated negatively with GSI, 11KT and E2; PCBs associated negatively with GSI and 11KT; and DDTs associated positively with GSI and 11KT. Regression of GSI on sex steroids revealed a novel, nonlinear association between these variables. Inclusion of sex steroids in the GSI regression on contaminants rendered wastewater contaminants nonsignificant in the model and reduced the influence of PCBs and DDTs. Thus, the influence of contaminants on GSI may have been partially driven by organismal modes-of-action that include changes in sex steroid production. The positive association of DDTs with 11KT and GSI suggests that lifetime, sub-lethal exposures to DDTs have effects on male carp opposite of those reported by studies where exposure concentrations were relatively high. Lastly, this study highlighted advantages of multivariate/multiple regression approaches for exploring associations between complex contaminant mixtures and gradients and reproductive condition in wild fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.12.013","usgsCitation":"Patino, R., VanLandeghem, M., Goodbred, S.L., Orsak, E., Jenkins, J.A., Echols, K.R., Rosen, M.R., and Torres, L., 2015, Novel associations between contaminant body burdens and biomarkers of reproductive condition in male Common Carp along multiple gradients of contaminant exposure in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 219, p. 112-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.12.013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"124","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059505","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"219","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a0ecb2e4b0183d66e43046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanLandeghem, Matthew M.","contributorId":143728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanLandeghem","given":"Matthew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodbred, Steven L. sgoodbred@usgs.gov","contributorId":497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"Steven","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":564280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orsak, Erik","contributorId":92763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orsak","given":"Erik","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Torres, Leticia","contributorId":143738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70155974,"text":"70155974 - 2015 - Observational data on the effects of infection by the copepod Salmincola californiensis on the short- and long-term viability of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) implanted with telemetry tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-21T10:11:16","indexId":"70155974","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":773,"text":"Animal Biotelemetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observational data on the effects of infection by the copepod Salmincola californiensis on the short- and long-term viability of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) implanted with telemetry tags","docAbstract":"Fish movements are often studied using radio or acoustic tags assuming the handling and tagging procedures have little effect on the behavior of the animal. Indeed, many studies provide guidelines for acceptable methods. However, these studies generally assume the fish are otherwise healthy but this may not always be the case. One example is the infection of juvenile salmon in the western USA by the naturally-occurring parasitic copepod Salmincola californiensis, for which little is known about the effects on results from tagged animals. We report on observational data from juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) surgically implanted with telemetry tags relative to the numbers of S. californiensis within their branchial cavities and on their bodies to determine if the intensity of infection resulted in differences in mortality shortly after tagging or post-release activity in a reservoir over a period of about 4 months.
\nThe data indicate a negative effect of copepods in the branchial cavities on short-term mortality (within 24 h of tagging) and suggest negative effects on movements after release into the reservoir. Short-term mortalities were infrequent and, due to the observational nature of the data, few tagged fish had more than three copepods in their branchial cavities, although surveys of fish in the reservoir indicate much greater infection intensities are common. Copepod numbers on the body did not appear to be associated with short-term mortality or movements after release. The number of copepods on the body was unrelated to the number within the branchial cavities, indicating site-specific counts are needed to assess the infection.
\nInfection with Salmincola californiensis is common in juvenile Chinook salmon in western USA reservoirs and may affect the viability of fish used in studies of telemetered animals. Our limited assessment suggests infection by Salmincola californiensis affects the short-term morality of tagged fish and may affect long-term viability of tagged fish after release; however, the intensity of infection in the sample population did not represent the source population due to the observational nature of the data. We suggest these results warrant further study into the effects of infection bySalmincola californiensis on the results obtained through active telemetry and perhaps other methods requiring handling of infected fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Biomed Central","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1186/s40317-015-0056-5","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Hansen, A.C., and Sprando, J.M., 2015, Observational data on the effects of infection by the copepod Salmincola californiensis on the short- and long-term viability of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) implanted with telemetry tags: Animal Biotelemetry, v. 3, no. 20, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-015-0056-5.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064010","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-015-0056-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bbae4b0518e3546f02a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Amy C. 0000-0002-0298-9137 achansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-9137","contributorId":4350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Amy","email":"achansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sprando, Jamie M. jsprando@usgs.gov","contributorId":4005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"Jamie","email":"jsprando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148031,"text":"ofr20151099 - 2015 - Shear Wave Velocity and Site Amplification Factors for 25 Strong-Motion Instrument Stations Affected by the M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake of August 23, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T10:54:57","indexId":"ofr20151099","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1099","title":"Shear Wave Velocity and Site Amplification Factors for 25 Strong-Motion Instrument Stations Affected by the M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake of August 23, 2011","docAbstract":"Vertical one-dimensional shear wave velocity (Vs) profiles are presented for 25 strong-motion instrument sites along the Mid-Atlantic eastern seaboard, Piedmont region, and Appalachian region, which surround the epicenter of the M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake of August 23, 2011. Testing was performed at sites in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, the District of Columbia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. The purpose of the study is to determine the detailed site velocity profile, the average velocity in the upper 30 meters of the profile (VS,30), the average velocity for the entire profile (VS,Z), and the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classification. The Vs profiles are estimated using a non-invasive continuous-sine-wave method for gathering the dispersion characteristics of surface waves. A large trailer-mounted active source was used to shake the ground during the testing and produce the surface waves. Shear wave velocity profiles were inverted from the averaged dispersion curves using three independent methods for comparison, and the root-mean square combined coefficient of variation (COV) of the dispersion and inversion calculations are estimated for each site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151099","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R.E., Carkin, B., Corbett, S.C., Zangwill, A., Estevez, I., and Lai, L., 2015, Shear Wave Velocity and Site Amplification Factors for 25 Strong-Motion Instrument Stations Affected by the M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake of August 23, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1099, iii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151099.","productDescription":"iii, 66 p.","numberOfPages":"69","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-12-08","temporalEnd":"2012-06-27","ipdsId":"IP-061815","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305496,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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rkayen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":140764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carkin, Brad A. 0000-0001-8318-4535 bcarkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8318-4535","contributorId":140937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carkin","given":"Brad A.","email":"bcarkin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corbett, Skye C. 0000-0003-3277-1021 scorbett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-1021","contributorId":5436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"Skye","email":"scorbett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zangwill, Aliza","contributorId":145425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zangwill","given":"Aliza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Estevez, Ivan","contributorId":145426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estevez","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of 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Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive traits of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque, 1820) in the lower Platte River, Nebraska","docAbstract":"We assessed reproductive status, fecundity, egg size, and spawning dynamics of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus in the lower Platte River. Shovelnose sturgeon were captured throughout each year during 2011 and 2012 using a multi-gear approach designed to collect a variety of fish of varying sizes and ages. Fish were collected monthly for a laboratory assessment of reproductive condition. Female shovelnose sturgeon reached fork length at 50% maturity (FL50) at 547 mm and at a minimum length of 449 mm. The average female spawning cycle was 3–5 years. Mean egg count for adult females was 16 098 ± 1103 (SE), and mean egg size was 2.401 ± 0.051 (SE) mm. Total fecundity was positively correlated with length (r2 = 0.728; P < 0.001), mass (r2 = 0.896; P < 0.001), and age (r2 = 0.396; P = 0.029). However, fish size and age did not correlate to egg size (P > 0.05). Male shovelnose sturgeon reached FL50 at 579 mm and at a minimum length of 453 mm. The average male spawning cycle was 1–2 years. Reproductively viable male and female sturgeon occurred during the spring (March–May) and autumn (September–October) in both years, indicating spring and potential autumn spawning events. Shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Platte River are maturing at a shorter length and younger age compared to populations elsewhere. Although it is unknown if the change is plastic or evolutionary, unfavorable environmental conditions or over-harvest may lead to hastened declines compared to other systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1111/jai.12785","usgsCitation":"Hamel, M.J., Rugg, M., Pegg, M., Patino, R., and Hammen, J., 2015, Reproductive traits of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque, 1820) in the lower Platte River, Nebraska: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 592-602, https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12785.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"592","endPage":"602","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055098","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12785","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a0ecb4e4b0183d66e4304a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamel, M. J.","contributorId":145539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamel","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rugg, M.L.","contributorId":145540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rugg","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pegg, M.A.","contributorId":46469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pegg","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hammen, J.J.","contributorId":145541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammen","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155153,"text":"70155153 - 2015 - Temperature profile around a basaltic sill intruded into wet sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T16:23:59","indexId":"70155153","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature profile around a basaltic sill intruded into wet sediments","docAbstract":"The transfer of heat into wet sediments from magmatic intrusions or lava flows is not well constrained from field data. Such field constraints on numerical models of heat transfer could significantly improve our understanding of water–lava interactions. We use experimentally calibrated pollen darkening to measure the temperature profile around a basaltic sill emplaced into wet lakebed sediments. It is well known that, upon heating, initially transparent palynomorphs darken progressively through golden, brown, and black shades before being destroyed; however, this approach to measuring temperature has not been applied to volcanological questions. We collected sediment samples from established Miocene fossil localities at Clarkia, Idaho. Fossils in the sediments include pollen from numerous tree and shrub species. We experimentally calibrated changes in the color of Clarkia sediment pollen and used this calibration to determine sediment temperatures around a Miocene basaltic sill emplaced in the sediments. Results indicated a flat temperature profile above and below the sill, with T > 325 °C within 1 cm of the basalt-sediment contact, near 300 °C at 1–2 cm from the contact, and ~ 250 °C at 1 m from the sill contact. This profile suggests that heat transport in the sediments was hydrothermally rather than conductively controlled. This information will be used to test numerical models of heat transfer in wet sediments on Earth and Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.012","usgsCitation":"Baker, L., Bernard, A., Rember, W.C., Milazzo, M.P., Dundas, C.M., Abramov, O., and Keszthelyi, L.P., 2015, Temperature profile around a basaltic sill intruded into wet sediments: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 302, p. 81-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.012.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062688","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"302","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55bc9c2ee4b033ef52100f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Leslie","contributorId":145650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernard, Andrew","contributorId":146264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernard","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rember, William C.","contributorId":107748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rember","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abramov, Oleg oabramov@usgs.gov","contributorId":604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abramov","given":"Oleg","email":"oabramov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo","email":"laz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70155515,"text":"70155515 - 2015 - Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-10T10:03:50","indexId":"70155515","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout","docAbstract":"Understanding how climatic variation influences ecological and evolutionary processes is crucial for informed conservation decision-making. Nevertheless, few studies have measured how climatic variation influences genetic diversity within populations or how genetic diversity is distributed across space relative to future climatic stress. Here, we tested whether patterns of genetic diversity (allelic richness) were related to climatic variation and habitat features in 130 bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations from 24 watersheds (i.e., ~4–7th order river subbasins) across the Columbia River Basin, USA. We then determined whether bull trout genetic diversity was related to climate vulnerability at the watershed scale, which we quantified on the basis of exposure to future climatic conditions (projected scenarios for the 2040s) and existing habitat complexity. We found a strong gradient in genetic diversity in bull trout populations across the Columbia River Basin, where populations located in the most upstream headwater areas had the greatest genetic diversity. After accounting for spatial patterns with linear mixed models, allelic richness in bull trout populations was positively related to habitat patch size and complexity, and negatively related to maximum summer temperature and the frequency of winter flooding. These relationships strongly suggest that climatic variation influences evolutionary processes in this threatened species and that genetic diversity will likely decrease due to future climate change. Vulnerability at a watershed scale was negatively correlated with average genetic diversity (r = −0.77;P < 0.001); watersheds containing populations with lower average genetic diversity generally had the lowest habitat complexity, warmest stream temperatures, and greatest frequency of winter flooding. Together, these findings have important conservation implications for bull trout and other imperiled species. Genetic diversity is already depressed where climatic vulnerability is highest; it will likely erode further in the very places where diversity may be most needed for future persistence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12850","usgsCitation":"Kovach, R., Muhlfeld, C.C., Wade, A., Hand, B.K., Whited, D.C., DeHaan, P.W., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., and Luikart, G., 2015, Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 7, p. 2510-2524, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12850.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2510","endPage":"2524","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060882","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb34e4b08400b1fdb70c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kovach, Ryan 0000-0001-5402-2123 rkovach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-2123","contributorId":145914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan","email":"rkovach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wade, Alisa A.","contributorId":145917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wade","given":"Alisa A.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hand, Brian K.","contributorId":145915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hand","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whited, Diane C.","contributorId":145916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whited","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeHaan, Patrick W.","contributorId":145918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeHaan","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16297,"text":"USFWS Abernathy Fish Technology Center, Longview, WA 98632","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":97409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70154761,"text":"70154761 - 2015 - Similarities and differences in 13C and 15N stable isotope ratios in two non-lethal tissue types from shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque, 1820)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T10:13:52","indexId":"70154761","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Similarities and differences in 13C and 15N stable isotope ratios in two non-lethal tissue types from shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque, 1820)","docAbstract":"We tested the hypothesis that δ13C and δ15N signatures of pectoral spines would provide measures of δ13C and δ15N similar to those obtained from fin clips for adult shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus. Thirty-two shovelnose sturgeon (fork length [FL] = 500–724 mm) were sampled from the lower Mississippi River, USA on 23 February 2013. Isotopic relationships between the two tissue types were analyzed using mixed model analysis of covariance. Tissue types differed significantly for both δ13C (P < 0.01; spine: mean = −23.83, SD = 0.62; fin clip: mean = −25.74, SD = 0.97) and δ15N (P = 0.01; spine: mean = 17.01, SD = 0.51; fin clip: mean = 17.19, SD = 0.62). Neither FL nor the FL × tissue type interaction had significant (P > 0.05) effects on δ13C. Fin clip δ13C values were highly variable and weakly correlated (r = 0.16, P = 0.40) with those from pectoral spines. We found a significant FL-tissue type interaction for δ15N, reflecting increasing δ15N with FL for spines and decreasing δ15N with FL for fin clips. These results indicate that spines are not a substitute for fin clip tissue for measuring δ13C and δ15N for shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Mississippi River, but the two tissues have different turnover rates they may provide complementary information for assessing trophic position at different time scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jai.12708","usgsCitation":"DeVries, R.J., and Schramm, H.L., 2015, Similarities and differences in 13C and 15N stable isotope ratios in two non-lethal tissue types from shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque, 1820): Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 474-478, https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12708.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"478","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053396","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12708","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.14669799804688,\n 33.36264966025664\n ],\n [\n -91.14669799804688,\n 33.43086829665599\n ],\n [\n -91.05949401855469,\n 33.43086829665599\n ],\n [\n -91.05949401855469,\n 33.36264966025664\n ],\n [\n -91.14669799804688,\n 33.36264966025664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950123e4b0b6d21dd6cbbe","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/jai.12708","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jai.12708","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"DeVries R. J., Schramm H. L.","journalName":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","publicationDate":"3/21/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeVries, R. J.","contributorId":145428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeVries","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schramm, Harold L. Jr. hschramm@usgs.gov","contributorId":145424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"Harold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"hschramm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":563982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70154764,"text":"70154764 - 2015 - The Effect of modeled recharge distribution on simulated groundwater availability and capture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T10:06:41","indexId":"70154764","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Effect of modeled recharge distribution on simulated groundwater availability and capture","docAbstract":"Simulating groundwater flow in basin-fill aquifers of the semiarid southwestern United States commonly requires decisions about how to distribute aquifer recharge. Precipitation can recharge basin-fill aquifers by direct infiltration and transport through faults and fractures in the high-elevation areas, by flowing overland through high-elevation areas to infiltrate at basin-fill margins along mountain fronts, by flowing overland to infiltrate along ephemeral channels that often traverse basins in the area, or by some combination of these processes. The importance of accurately simulating recharge distributions is a current topic of discussion among hydrologists and water managers in the region, but no comparative study has been performed to analyze the effects of different recharge distributions on groundwater simulations. This study investigates the importance of the distribution of aquifer recharge in simulating regional groundwater flow in basin-fill aquifers by calibrating a groundwater-flow model to four different recharge distributions, all with the same total amount of recharge. Similarities are seen in results from steady-state models for optimized hydraulic conductivity values, fit of simulated to observed hydraulic heads, and composite scaled sensitivities of conductivity parameter zones. Transient simulations with hypothetical storage properties and pumping rates produce similar capture rates and storage change results, but differences are noted in the rate of drawdown at some well locations owing to the differences in optimized hydraulic conductivity. Depending on whether the purpose of the groundwater model is to simulate changes in groundwater levels or changes in storage and capture, the distribution of aquifer recharge may or may not be of primary importance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12210","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., Pool, D.R., and Leake, S.A., 2015, The Effect of modeled recharge distribution on simulated groundwater availability and capture: Groundwater, v. 53, no. 3, p. 378-388, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12210.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"378","endPage":"388","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051913","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Detrital Valley, Hualapai Valley, Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.334716796875,\n 36.00467348670187\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -113.90625,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 36.00467348670187\n ],\n [\n -113.280029296875,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -113.21411132812499,\n 35.35321610123821\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 35.092945313732635\n ],\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 34.542762387234845\n ],\n [\n -113.785400390625,\n 34.334364487026306\n ],\n [\n -114.202880859375,\n 34.50655662164561\n ],\n [\n -114.32373046875,\n 34.71452466170392\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 34.858890491257824\n ],\n [\n -114.554443359375,\n 35.98689628443789\n ],\n [\n -114.334716796875,\n 36.00467348670187\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950123e4b0b6d21dd6cbc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":1629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred D.","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, Donald R. drpool@usgs.gov","contributorId":1121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"Donald","email":"drpool@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70147394,"text":"sir20155057 - 2015 - Chloride concentrations, loads, and yields in four watersheds along Interstate 95, southeastern Connecticut, 2008-11: factors that affect peak chloride concentrations during winter storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T14:47:13.203498","indexId":"sir20155057","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5057","title":"Chloride concentrations, loads, and yields in four watersheds along Interstate 95, southeastern Connecticut, 2008-11: factors that affect peak chloride concentrations during winter storms","docAbstract":"Chloride (Cl-) concentrations and loads and other water chemistry characteristics were assessed to evaluate potential effects of road-deicer applications on streamwater quality in four watersheds along Interstate 95 (I–95) in southeastern Connecticut from November 1, 2008, through September 30, 2011. Streamflow and water quality were studied in the Four Mile River, Oil Mill Brook, Stony Brook, and Jordan Brook watersheds, where developed land ranged from 9 to 32 percent. Water-quality samples were collected and specific conductance was measured continuously at paired water-quality monitoring sites, upstream and downstream from I–95. Specific conductance values were related to Cl- concentrations to assist in determining the effects of road-deicing operations on the levels of Cl-in the streams. Streamflow and water-quality data were compared with weather data and with the timing, amount, and composition of deicers applied to State highways. Grab samples were collected during winter stormwater-runoff events, such as winter storms or periods of rain or warm temperatures in which melting takes place. Grab samples were also collected periodically during the spring and summer and during base-flow conditions.
\nThe estimated Cl- concentrations at the eight water-quality monitoring sites during winter storms peaked as high as 270 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and were well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended acute chloride toxicity criterion of 860 mg/L and the chronic 4-day average toxicity criterion of 230 mg/L. Cl- concentrations in streams, particularly at sites downstream from I–95, peaked during increased streamflow in the winter and early spring as a result of deicers applied to roads and washed off by stormwater or meltwater. Cl- concentrations during most of the nonwinter seasons decreased during increases in streamflow because storm runoff was more dilute than base flow. However, peaks in specific conductance and estimated chloride concentrations at streams in more urbanized watersheds corresponded to peaks in streamflow well after winter snow or ice events; these delayed peaks in Cl- concentration likely resulted from deicer residue that remained in melting snow piles and on roadsides and (or) that were flushed from soils and shallow groundwater, then discharged downstream.
\nEstimated peak Cl- concentrations varied with the type of winter storm event and were highest during or after winter storms of frozen precipitation and rain, in which the rain or meltwater effectively washed off the deicers. Estimated peak Cl- concentrations correlated positively with the duration of deicer application but generally not with streamflow. Estimated peak Cl-concentrations during the winter season were highest during low streamflow at most sites.
\nChloride concentrations varied considerably in shallow groundwater as a result of land-use differences. Cl- concentrations were very high (as high as 800 mg/L) in shallow groundwater downstream from I–95 at the Four Mile River site. Chloride/bromide mass concentration ratios and the proximity of a former landfill and sewage lagoon upstream indicate a likely source of Cl- is landfill leachate and possibly sewage leachate.
\nCl- loads in streams generally were highest in the winter and early spring. The estimated daily Cl- yield for the four monitoring sites downstream from I–95 ranged from 0.0004 ton per day per square mile for one of the least developed watersheds to 0.052 ton per day per square mile for the watershed with the highest percentage of urban development and impervious area. The estimated median contribution of Cl- load from atmospheric deposition was small and ranged from 0.07 percent of Cl- load at the Jordan Brook watershed to 0.57 percent at the Oil Mill Brook watershed. The Cl- loads in streams (outputs) were compared with Cl- load inputs, which include atmospheric deposition and deicer applications; Cl- load inputs were slightly larger than the Cl- load outputs at most of the sites during most years but do not account for the Cl- load in groundwater leaving the watersheds.
\nA multiple linear regression model was developed to describe the variability of the natural log of peak specific conductance, as well as estimated Cl- concentrations. Five significant variables best explained the variability in the natural log of the peak specific conductance after deicing events: (1) snow on ground before deicing event; (2) winter precipitation with rain; (3) specific conductance in base flow; (4) State-operated road lane miles divided by watershed area; and (5) amount of Cl- from deicers applied to State-operated roads per lane mile. In this report, winter precipitation is defined as any type of precipitation, including frozen precipitation and rain, that occurs during the active deicing season, typically November through March. Frozen precipitation is defined here as snow, sleet, freezing rain, or any winter precipitation except rain.
\nThe addition of a lane mile in both directions on I–95 would result in an estimate of approximately 2 to 11 percent increase in Cl- input from deicers applied to I–95 and other roads maintained by Connecticut Department of Transportation. The largest estimated increase in Cl- load was in the watersheds with the greatest number miles of I–95 corridor relative to the total lane miles maintained by Connecticut Department of Transportation. On the basis of these estimates and the estimated peak Cl- concentrations during the study period, it is unlikely that the increased use of deicers on the additional lanes would lead to Cl- concentrations that exceed the aquatic habitat criteria.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and the Connecticut Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.J., Mullaney, J.R., Morrison, Jonathan, Martin, J.W., and Trombley, T.J., 2015, Chloride concentrations, loads, and yields in four watersheds along Interstate 95, southeastern Connecticut, 2008–11— Factors that affect peak chloride concentrations during winter storms: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5057, 68 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155057.","productDescription":"Report: x, 68 p.; Appendix; Tables","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054199","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155057.jpg"},{"id":305516,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/attachments/sir2015-5057_table10.xlsx","text":"Table 10","size":"186 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 10","linkHelpText":"Storm characteristics, weather data, and peak chloride concentrations related to deicing and melting events."},{"id":305513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/"},{"id":305517,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/attachments/sir2015-5057_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"198 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1"},{"id":305515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/attachments/sir2015-5057_table5.xlsx","text":"Table 5","size":"200 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 5","linkHelpText":"Description of the applications of deicing materials to State-operated roads during winter storms."},{"id":305514,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/pdf/sir2015-5057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.26806640624999,\n 41.3177863571168\n ],\n [\n -72.26806640624999,\n 41.32835758409141\n ],\n [\n -72.2512435913086,\n 41.32835758409141\n ],\n [\n -72.2512435913086,\n 41.3177863571168\n ],\n [\n -72.26806640624999,\n 41.3177863571168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.18978881835936,\n 41.35593783017404\n ],\n [\n -72.18978881835936,\n 41.40900335304861\n ],\n [\n -72.14309692382811,\n 41.40900335304861\n ],\n [\n -72.14309692382811,\n 41.35593783017404\n ],\n [\n -72.18978881835936,\n 41.35593783017404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
101 Pitkin Street
East Hartford, CT 06108
Or visit our Web site at:
http://ct.water.usgs.gov
Beach erosion is a persistent problem along most open-ocean shores of the United States. Along the Arctic coast of Alaska, coastal erosion is widespread, may be accelerating, and is threatening defense and energy-related infrastructure, coastal habitats, and Native communities. As coastal populations continue to expand and infrastructure and habitat are increasingly threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There also is a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline change with metrics that are consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along the open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard, repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline change so that periodic, systematic, and internally consistent updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally.
\nThis report on shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, between the U.S.-Canadian border and Icy Cape, is one in a series of regionally focused reports on historical shoreline change. Previous investigations include analyses and descriptive reports for the coasts of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, the Southeast Atlantic, California, the New England and Mid-Atlantic, portions of Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest coasts of Oregon and Washington.
\nSimilar to the earlier reports in this series, this report summarizes the methods of analysis, documents and describes the results of the analysis, and explains historical trends and rates of shoreline change. This Alaska shoreline change assessment differs from previously published shoreline change assessments in that: (1) only two historical shorelines (from the 1940s and 2000s eras) were available for the Alaska study area whereas four or more shorelines (from 1850 to 2002) were available for the other assessments and, thus, only end-point rates for one long-term analysis period are reported here, compared to a combination of long-term and short-term rates as reported in other studies; (2) modern (2000s era) shorelines in this study represent a visually derived land-water interface position versus an elevation based, tidally referenced shoreline position; and (3) both exposed open-ocean and sheltered mainland-lagoon shorelines and rates of change are included in this study compared to other locations where only exposed open-ocean sandy shorelines or bluff edges were evaluated. No distinction was made between sand or gravel beaches, and the base of the unconsolidated coastal bluff was considered the shoreline where no fronting beach existed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151048","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change: historical change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1048, ix, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048.","productDescription":"ix, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050947","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151048.jpg"},{"id":305506,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/pdf/ofr2015-1048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305507,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1030","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1030"},{"id":305493,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Cape","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950122e4b0b6d21dd6cbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141189,"text":"ofr20151030 - 2015 - National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T09:29:11","indexId":"ofr20151030","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1030","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","docAbstract":"The Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is an area of strategic economic importance to the United States, is home to remote Native communities, and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. Coastal erosion along the Arctic coast is chronic, widespread, and may be accelerating, which threatens defense- and energy-related infrastructure, natural shoreline habitats, and Native communities. There is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes across the United States. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project (hereafter referred to as the \"National Assessment project\";http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/shoreline-change/). A comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines and rates of shoreline change for Alaska, from the U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape, is presented in this report as part of the National Assessment project.
\nThere is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner. A detailed report on shoreline change for the north coast of Alaska that contains a discussion of the data presented here is available and cited in section, \"Geospatial Data.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151030","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., Ohman, K.A., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1030, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151030.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053360","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151030.jpg"},{"id":305509,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/html/ofr2015-1030_title.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305510,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1048","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1048"},{"id":305494,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Cape","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950122e4b0b6d21dd6cbb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohman, Karen A.","contributorId":139262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohman","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12712,"text":"Michael Baker International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70150412,"text":"ofr20151122 - 2015 - Trench logs, terrestrial lidar system imagery, and radiocarbon data from the kilometer-62 site on the Greenville Fault, southeastern Alameda County, California, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T09:14:40","indexId":"ofr20151122","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1122","title":"Trench logs, terrestrial lidar system imagery, and radiocarbon data from the kilometer-62 site on the Greenville Fault, southeastern Alameda County, California, 2014","docAbstract":"In 2014, we investigated an abrupt 8.5-meter (m), right-laterally deflected stream channel located near the Greenville Fault in southeastern Alameda County, California (-121.56224° E, 37.53430° N) that we discovered using 0.5-m resolution, 2011 aerial lidar imagery flown along the active fault trace. Prior to trenching we surveyed the site using a terrestrial lidar system (TLS) to document the exact geomorphic expression of this deflected stream channel before excavating a trench adjacent to it. We trenched perpendicular to the fault hoping to document the prehistoric history of earthquake ruptures along the fault. However, the alluvial stratigraphy that we document in these trench logs shows conclusively that this trench did not expose any active fault trace. Using other local geomorphic evidence for the fault location, a straight fault scarp immediately north of this stream projects slightly upslope of the west end of our trench and may be the actual location of the active fault trace. Five radiocarbon samples establish age control for the alluvial sequence documented in the trench, which may in the future be useful in constraining the long-term slip rate of the Greenville Fault. The deflection had been caused by an abrupt nontectonic termination of unit u30, a relatively thick (0.15–0.35 m) silt that is more erosion resistant than the adjacent cohesionless sand and gravel.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151122","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., DeLong, S.B., Avdievitch, N.N., Pickering, A.J., and Guilderson, T.P., 2015, Trench logs, terrestrial lidar system imagery, and radiocarbon data from the kilometer-62 site on the Greenville Fault, southeastern Alameda County, California, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1122, 1 Sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151122.","productDescription":"1 Sheet","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-065482","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151122.gif"},{"id":305472,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1122/"},{"id":305504,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1122/pdf/ofr20151122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County","otherGeospatial":"Greenville Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7449951171875,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -121.7449951171875,\n 37.64468458716586\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 37.64468458716586\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -121.7449951171875,\n 37.41816326969145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950124e4b0b6d21dd6cbc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avdievitch, Nikita N.","contributorId":143693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avdievitch","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":15304,"text":"University of Tubingen, Wilhelmstrasse 56, Tugingen, GER 72076","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pickering, Alexandra J. 0000-0002-1281-6117 apickering@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-6117","contributorId":5990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"Alexandra","email":"apickering@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guilderson, Thomas P.","contributorId":59121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guilderson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148461,"text":"ofr20151113 - 2015 - Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T08:56:34","indexId":"ofr20151113","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1113","title":"Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams","docAbstract":"Assessment and management of the risks of exposure to complex chemical mixtures in streams are priorities for human and environmental health organizations around the world. The current lack of information on the composition and variability of environmental mixtures and a limited understanding of their combined effects are fundamental obstacles to timely identification and prevention of adverse human and ecological effects of exposure. This report describes the design of a field-based study of the composition and biological activity of chemical mixtures in U.S. stream waters affected by a wide range of human activities and contaminant sources. The study is a collaborative effort by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Scientists sampled 38 streams spanning 24 States and Puerto Rico. Thirty-four of the sites were located in watersheds impacted by multiple contaminant sources, including industrial and municipal wastewater discharges, crop and animal agricultural runoff, urban runoff, and other point and nonpoint contaminant sources. The remaining four sites were minimally development reference watersheds. All samples underwent comprehensive chemical and biological characterization, including sensitive and specific direct analysis for over 700 dissolved organic and inorganic chemicals and field parameters, identification of unknown contaminants (environmental diagnostics), and a variety of bioassays to evaluate biological activity and toxicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151113","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H.T., Reilly, T.J., Kuivila, K., Kolpin, D.W., Bradley, P.M., Villeneuve, D.L., and Mills, M.A., 2015, Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1113, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151113.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064390","costCenters":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151113.jpg"},{"id":305502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1113/pdf/ofr2015-1113.pdf","text":"Report","size":"880 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source of some of the largest earthquakes and tsunamis, the history of its pre–twentieth century tsunamis is largely unknown west of the rupture zone of the great (magnitude, M 9.2) 1964 earthquake. Stratigraphy in core transects at two boggy lowland sites on Chirikof Island’s southwest coast preserves tsunami deposits dating from the postglacial to the twentieth century. In a 500-m-long basin 13–15 m above sea level and 400 m from the sea, 4 of 10 sandy to silty beds in a 3–5-m-thick sequence of freshwater peat were probably deposited by tsunamis. The freshwater peat sequence beneath a gently sloping alluvial fan 2 km to the east, 5–15 m above sea level and 550 m from the sea, contains 20 sandy to silty beds deposited since 3.5 ka; at least 13 were probably deposited by tsunamis. Although most of the sandy beds have consistent thicknesses (over distances of 10–265 m), sharp lower contacts, good sorting, and/or upward fining typical of tsunami deposits, the beds contain abundant freshwater diatoms, very few brackish-water diatoms, and no marine diatoms. Apparently, tsunamis traveling inland over low dunes and boggy lowland entrained largely freshwater diatoms. Abundant fragmented diatoms, and lake species in some sandy beds not found in host peat, were probably transported by tsunamis to elevations of >10 m at the eastern site. Single-aliquot regeneration optically stimulated luminescence dating of the third youngest bed is consistent with its having been deposited by the tsunami recorded at Russian hunting outposts in 1788, and with the second youngest bed being deposited by a tsunami during an upper plate earthquake in 1880. We infer from stratigraphy, 14C-dated peat deposition rates, and unpublished analyses of the island’s history that the 1938 tsunami may locally have reached an elevation of >10 m. As this is the first record of Aleutian tsunamis extending throughout the Holocene, we cannot estimate source earthquake locations or magnitudes for most tsunami-deposited beds. We infer that no more than 3 of the 23 possible tsunamis beds at both sites were deposited following upper plate faulting or submarine landslides independent of megathrust earthquakes. If so, the Semidi segment of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust near Chirikof Island probably sent high tsunamis southward every 180–270 yr for at least the past 3500 yr.
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At the broader scale, national datasets exist for a large number of geospatial features of land, water, and air that are needed to fully understand variation among these ecosystems. However, such datasets originate from different sources and have different spatial and temporal resolutions. By taking an open-science perspective and by combining site-based ecosystem datasets and national geospatial datasets, science gains the ability to ask important research questions related to grand environmental challenges that operate at broad scales. Documentation of such complicated database integration efforts, through peer-reviewed papers, is recommended to foster reproducibility and future use of the integrated database. Here, we describe the major steps, challenges, and considerations in building an integrated database of lake ecosystems, called LAGOS (LAke multi-scaled GeOSpatial and temporal database), that was developed at the sub-continental study extent of 17 US states (1,800,000 km2). LAGOS includes two modules: LAGOSGEO, with geospatial data on every lake with surface area larger than 4 ha in the study extent (~50,000 lakes), including climate, atmospheric deposition, land use/cover, hydrology, geology, and topography measured across a range of spatial and temporal extents; and LAGOSLIMNO, with lake water quality data compiled from ~100 individual datasets for a subset of lakes in the study extent (~10,000 lakes). Procedures for the integration of datasets included: creating a flexible database design; authoring and integrating metadata; documenting data provenance; quantifying spatial measures of geographic data; quality-controlling integrated and derived data; and extensively documenting the database. Our procedures make a large, complex, and integrated database reproducible and extensible, allowing users to ask new research questions with the existing database or through the addition of new data. 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We applied structured decision making (SDM) to guide selection of monitoring variables and management priorities for salt marshes within the National Wildlife Refuge System in the northeastern USA. In general, SDM is a systematic process for decomposing a decision into its essential elements. We first engaged stakeholders in clarifying regional salt marsh decision problems, defining objectives and attributes to evaluate whether objectives are achieved, and developing a pool of alternative management actions for achieving objectives. Through this process, we identified salt marsh attributes that were applicable to monitoring National Wildlife Refuges on a regional scale and that targeted management needs. We then analyzed management decisions within three salt marsh units at Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge, coastal Delaware, as a case example of prioritizing management alternatives. Values for salt marsh attributes were estimated from 2 years of baseline monitoring data and expert opinion. We used linear value modeling to aggregate multiple attributes into a single performance score for each alternative, constrained optimization to identify alternatives that maximized total management benefits subject to refuge-wide cost constraints, and used graphical analysis to identify the optimal set of alternatives for the refuge. SDM offers an efficient, transparent approach for integrating monitoring into management practice and improving the quality of management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-014-9822-5","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Lyons, J., Guntenspergen, G.R., Shriver, W.G., and Adamowicz, S.C., 2015, Use of structured decision making to identify monitoring variables and management priorities for salt marsh ecosystems: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1215-1232, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9822-5.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1215","endPage":"1232","ipdsId":"IP-050872","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ee36e4b0bc0bec09e915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, James E.","contributorId":35461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shriver, W. Gregory","contributorId":174711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shriver","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adamowicz, Susan C.","contributorId":174712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adamowicz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":649089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173499,"text":"70173499 - 2015 - Is income breeding an appropriate construct for waterfowl?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T11:51:27","indexId":"70173499","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is income breeding an appropriate construct for waterfowl?","docAbstract":"Breeding birds use a range of nutrient accumulation and allocation strategies to meet the nutritional demands of clutch formation and incubation. On one end of the spectrum, capital breeders use stored nutrients acquired prior to clutch formation and incubation to sustain metabolism during reproduction, while on the opposite end, income breeders derive nutrients solely from exogenous sources on the breeding grounds. Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) are an ideal candidate to test for adoption of an income strategy among migratory waterfowl because of their small body size, temperate breeding range, and timing of reproduction relative to pulses in nutrient availability within breeding habitats. We collected migrating and pre-breeding Blue-winged Teal (n = 110) during the warmest spring in over a century in the southern edge of the species’ breeding range, which produced ideal conditions to test for adoption of an income breeding strategy among migratory waterfowl. Regression analyses revealed that females accumulated protein and fat reserves early in follicle development and appeared to mobilize at least some reserves coincident with the onset of clutch formation. Accumulation and subsequent mobilization of nutrient reserves was inconsistent with adherence to an income breeding strategy and suggested breeding Blue-winged Teal used capital (albeit locally acquired) for reproduction. Our results add to existing knowledge on the ubiquity of endogenous nutrient reserve accumulation prior to and during reproduction by waterfowl, perhaps suggesting endogenous nutrient reserves are universally used for clutch formation or incubation to some degree. If indeed Blue-winged Teal and other waterfowl universally use capital for breeding, research and conservation efforts should shift from evaluating whether an income breeding strategy is used and focus on when and where necessary capital is acquired prior to clutch formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s10336-015-1200-y","usgsCitation":"Janke, A.K., Anteau, M.J., Markl, N., and Stafford, J.D., 2015, Is income breeding an appropriate construct for waterfowl?: Journal of Ornithology, v. 165, no. 3, p. 755-762, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1200-y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"762","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058552","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9333e4b04f417c27515c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janke, Adam K. 0000-0003-2781-7857","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-7857","contributorId":130959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janke","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7176,"text":"Dept of Natl Res Mgmt, SDSU, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markl, Nicholas","contributorId":171697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markl","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. jstafford@usgs.gov","contributorId":4267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}