{"pageNumber":"118","pageRowStart":"2925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":1015027,"text":"1015027 - 2000 - No consistent effect of plant diversity on productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T23:31:20","indexId":"1015027","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No consistent effect of plant diversity on productivity","docAbstract":"<p>Hector <i>et al</i>. (1) reported on BIODEPTH, a major international experiment on the response of plant productivity to variation in the number of plant species. They found “an overall log-linear reduction of average aboveground biomass with loss of species,” leading to what the accompanying Perspective (2) described as “a rule of thumb—that each halving of diversity leads to a 10 to 20% reduction in productivity.” These conclusions, if true, imply that the continuing high rate of plant extinction threatens the future productivity of Earth's natural and managed ecosystems and could impair their ability to produce resources essential for human survival and to regulate the concentration of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>.</p><p>The three sites with proper experimental design (Portugal, Sweden, and Sheffield) all showed significant positive regressions of productivity across two or three doublings of species richness [Fig. 1; (12)]. This is the pattern expected from random selection from a set of objects with different properties (13–15), because the probability of including any specific member of the set—such as a plant species that grows rapidly or fixes nitrogen—increases with the number of objects selected. Such a pattern, found consistently in randomly assembled experimental plant communities but only rarely in natural plant communities (4, 5,13–15), has been identified as a statistical artifact of experimental design (5, 13, 14). Although one study (15) suggested that the pattern constitutes a natural mechanism by which diversity affects productivity, this requires the biologically unrealistic assumption that plant communities are randomly assembled with respect to productivity (5).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.289.5483.1255a","usgsCitation":"Huston, M., Aarssen, L., Austin, M., Cade, B., Fridley, J., Garnier, E., Grime, J., Hodgson, J., Lauenroth, W., Thompson, K., Vandermeer, J., and Wardle, D., 2000, No consistent effect of plant diversity on productivity: Science, v. 289, no. 5483, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5483.1255a.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"289","issue":"5483","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696fda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huston, M.A.","contributorId":28564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huston","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aarssen, L.W.","contributorId":65426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aarssen","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, M.P.","contributorId":67049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fridley, J.D.","contributorId":98262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridley","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garnier, E.","contributorId":103997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garnier","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grime, J.P.","contributorId":81850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grime","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hodgson, J.","contributorId":60162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lauenroth, W.K.","contributorId":59755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"W.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thompson, K.","contributorId":104445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vandermeer, J.H.","contributorId":14350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandermeer","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wardle, D.A.","contributorId":23497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardle","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":1015052,"text":"1015052 - 2000 - Population estimates of Nearctic shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T21:41:11.330967","indexId":"1015052","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population estimates of Nearctic shorebirds","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates are presented for the population sizes of 53 species of Nearctic shorebirds occurring regularly in North America, plus four species that breed occasionally. Shorebird population sizes were derived from data obtained by a variety of methods from breeding, migration and wintering areas, and formal assessments of accuracy of counts or estimates are rarely available. Accurate estimates exist only for a few species that have been the subject of detailed investigation, and the likely accuracy of most estimates is considered poor or low. Population estimates range from a few tens to several millions. Overall, population estimates most commonly fell in the range of hundreds of thousands, particularly the low hundreds of thousands; estimated population sizes for large shorebird species currently all fall below 500,000. Population size was inversely related to size (mass) of the species, with a statistically significant negative regression between log (population size) and log (mass). Two outlying groups were evident on the regression graph: one, with populations lower than predicted, included species considered either to be \"at risk\" or particularly hard to count, and a second, with populations higher than predicted, included two species that are hunted. Population estimates are an integral part of conservation plans being developed for shorebirds in the United States and Canada, and may be used to identify areas of key international and regional importance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1522172","usgsCitation":"Morrison, R.I., Gill, R., Harrington, B.A., Skagen, S., Page, G.W., Gratto-Trevor, C.L., and Haig, S.M., 2000, Population estimates of Nearctic shorebirds: Waterbirds, v. 23, no. 3, p. 337-352, https://doi.org/10.2307/1522172.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"352","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683ed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, R. I. G.","contributorId":66640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"I. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrington, B. A.","contributorId":10758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrington","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Page, G. W.","contributorId":45246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Page","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gratto-Trevor, C. L.","contributorId":104447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gratto-Trevor","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haig, S. M. 0000-0002-6616-7589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":55389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022633,"text":"70022633 - 2000 - Linkage of bioaccumulation and biological effects to changes in pollutant loads in south San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:40:25","indexId":"70022633","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linkage of bioaccumulation and biological effects to changes in pollutant loads in south San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">The developed world has invested billions of dollars in waste treatment since the 1970s; however, changes in ecological or biological responses are rarely associated with reductions in metal pollutants. Here we present a novel, 23-yr time series of environmental change from a San Francisco Bay mudflat located 1 km from the discharge of a suburban domestic sewage treatment plant. Samples of surface sediment, the bioindicator<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Macoma balthica</i>, and metals loading data were used to establish links between discharge, bioaccumulation, and effects. Mean annual Ag concentrations in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. balthica</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were 106 μg/g in 1978 and 3.67 μg/g in 1998. Concentrations of Cu declined from 287 μg/g in 1980 to a minimum of 24 μg/g in 1991. Declining Cu bioaccumulation was strongly correlated with decreasing Cu loads from the plant between 1977 and 1998. Relationships with bioaccumulation and total annual precipitation suggested that inputs from nonpoint sources were most important in controlling Zn bioavailability during the same period. Ecoepidemiological criteria were used to associate failed gamete production in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. balthica</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to a metals-enriched environment. Reproduction persistently failed between the mid-1970s and mid-1980s; it recovered after metal contamination declined. Other potential environmental causes such as food availability, sediment chemistry, or seasonal salinity fluctuations were not related to the timing of the change in reproductive capability. The results establish an associative link, suggesting that it is important to further investigate the chemical interference of Cu and/or Ag with invertebrate reproduction at relatively moderate levels of environmental contamination.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es991185g","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Hornberger, M.I., Luoma, S., Cain, D., Parchaso, F., Brown, C.L., Bouse, R.M., Wellise, C., and Thompson, J., 2000, Linkage of bioaccumulation and biological effects to changes in pollutant loads in south San Francisco Bay: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2401-2409, https://doi.org/10.1021/es991185g.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2401","endPage":"2409","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es991185g"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47cbe4b0c8380cd6799c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":23574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parchaso, F.","contributorId":101037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchaso","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, C. L.","contributorId":35678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bouse, R. M.","contributorId":33709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wellise, C.","contributorId":39035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellise","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70022591,"text":"70022591 - 2000 - REE speciation in low-temperature acidic waters and the competitive effects of aluminum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:45:04","indexId":"70022591","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"REE speciation in low-temperature acidic waters and the competitive effects of aluminum","docAbstract":"<p>The effect of simultaneous competitive speciation of dissolved rare earth elements (REEs) in acidic waters (pH 3.3 to 5.2) has been evaluated by applying the PHREEQE code to the speciation of water analyses from Spain, Brazil, USA, and Canada. The main ions that might affect REE are Al3+, F-, SO42-, and PO43-. Fluoride, normally a significant complexer of REEs, is strongly associated with Al3+ in acid waters and consequently has little influence on REEs. The inclusion of aluminum concentrations in speciation calculations for acidic waters is essential for reliable speciation of REEs. Phosphate concentrations are too low (10-4 to 10-7 m) to affect REE speciation. Consequently, SO42- is the only important complexing ligand for REEs under these conditions. According to Millero [Millero, F.J., 1992. Stability constants for the formation of rare earth inorganic complexes as a function of ionic strength. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 3123-3132], the lanthanide sulfate stability constants are nearly constant with increasing atomic number so that no REE fractionation would be anticipated from aqueous complexation in acidic waters. Hence, REE enrichments or depletions must arise from mass transfer reactions.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00166-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Gimeno, S.M., Auque, S.L., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2000, REE speciation in low-temperature acidic waters and the competitive effects of aluminum: Chemical Geology, v. 165, no. 3-4, p. 167-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00166-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"180","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206683,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00166-7"}],"volume":"165","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9339e4b0c8380cd80cb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gimeno, Serrano M.J.","contributorId":82182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gimeno","given":"Serrano","email":"","middleInitial":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auque, Sanz L.F.","contributorId":47245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auque","given":"Sanz","email":"","middleInitial":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022558,"text":"70022558 - 2000 - Composition of fish communities in relation to stream acidification and habitat in the Neversink River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T13:32:10.035826","indexId":"70022558","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of fish communities in relation to stream acidification and habitat in the Neversink River, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of acidification in lotic systems are not well documented. Spatial and temporal variability of habitat and water quality complicate the evaluation of acidification effects in streams and rivers. The Neversink River in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the tributaries of which vary from well buffered to severely acidified, provided an opportunity to investigate the extent and magnitude of acidification effects on fish communities of headwater systems. Composition of fish communities, water quality, stream hydrology, stream habitat, and physiographic factors were characterized from 1991 to 1995 at 16 first- to fourth-order sites in the basin. Correlation and regression analyses were used to develop empirical models and to assess the relations among fish species richness, total fish density, and total fish biomass and environmental variables. Chronic and episodic acidification and elevated concentrations of inorganic monomeric aluminum were common, and fish populations were rare or absent from several sites in the upper reaches of the basin; as many as six fish species were collected from sites in the lower reaches of the basin. Species distributions and species richness were most highly related to stream pH, acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al<sub>im</sub>), calcium (Ca)<sup>2+</sup>, and potassium (K)<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations, site elevation, watershed drainage area, and water temperature. Fish density was most highly related to stream pH, Al<sub>im</sub>, ANC, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and magnesium (Mg)<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations. Fish biomass, unlike species richness and fish density, was most highly related to physical habitat characteristics, water temperature, and concentrations of Mg<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and silicon. Acidity characteristics were of secondary importance to fish biomass at all but the most severely acidified sites. Our results indicate that (1) the total biomass of fish communities was not seriously affected at moderately to strongly acidified sites; (2) species richness and total density of fish were adversely affected at strongly to severely acidified sites; and (3) possible changes in competitive interactions may mitigate negative effects of acidification on fish communities in parts of the Neversink River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0060:COFCIR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., and Lawrence, G., 2000, Composition of fish communities in relation to stream acidification and habitat in the Neversink River, New York: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 1, p. 60-76, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0060:COFCIR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountains, Neversink River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.63424682617188,\n              41.87416255688654\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.61708068847656,\n              41.870583462266836\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.5803451538086,\n              41.88617662305848\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.56146240234375,\n              41.914796782203275\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.5037841796875,\n              41.930379151500844\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.47460174560545,\n              41.94953258640636\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.41932678222656,\n              41.95029860413908\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.38362121582031,\n              41.95949009892467\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.41761016845703,\n              42.018947439899584\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50241088867188,\n              41.99879430655651\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.58549499511719,\n              41.955149836015146\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.59579467773438,\n              41.90304362629451\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.63768005371094,\n              41.88745458227552\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.63424682617188,\n              41.87416255688654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f928e4b0c8380cd4d481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022052,"text":"70022052 - 2000 - Alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T10:20:09","indexId":"70022052","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology","docAbstract":"<p>The alunite supergroup consists of more than 40 mineral species that have in common the general formula<span>&nbsp;</span><i>DG</i><sub><i>3</i></sub>(<i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH,H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sites are occupied by monovalent (e.g. K, Na, NH<sub>4</sub>, Ag, Tl, H<sub>3</sub>O), divalent (e.g. Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb), trivalent (e.g. Bi, REE) or more rarely quadrivalent (Th) ions;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is Al or Fe<sup>3+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or rarely Ga or V;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is S<sup>6+</sup>, As<sup>5+</sup>, or P<sup>5+</sup>, and may include subordinate amounts of Cr<sup>6+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or Si<sup>4+</sup>. Many of the minerals in this supergroup are exotic, having been described from relatively few localities worldwide, generally in association with ore deposits. Rarely are end-member compositions attained in these natural occurrences, and extensive solid solution is typical for one or more of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>G</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sites. In this chapter, the two solid-solution series considered in detail are alunite-natroalunite [KAl<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>– NaAl<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>] and jarosite-natrojarosite [KFe<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>– NaFe<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>]. These minerals are by far the most abundant naturally occurring species of the alunite supergroup.</p><p>Minerals with the generalized formula cited above can be variously grouped, but the simplest initial subdivision is on the basis of Fe &gt; Al versus Al &gt; Fe. Further subdivision is generally made on the basis of the predominant cation within the two<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sites. Thus, within the supergroup, the alunite group consists of minerals in which both of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sites are occupied by sulfur. This leads to a total negative charge of four on the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sites. In the ideal formulas of some members of the supergroup [e.g. woodhouseite, CaAl<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)(SO<sub>4</sub>)(OH)<sub>6</sub>], half of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sites are occupied by sulfur, and the other half by arsenic or phosphorus, which produces a total negative charge of five on the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sites. In still other end-members of the supergroup [e.g. crandallite, CaAl<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>5</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O), and arsenocrandallite, CaAl<sub>3</sub>(AsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>5</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)], both of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sites are occupied solely by phosphorus or arsenic, thus producing a total negative charge of six on the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sites (see Table 1<sup class=\"sup-zero\"><a class=\"tablelink\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/rimg/article/40/1/453/140669/alunite-jarosite-crystallography-thermodynamics#T1\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/rimg/article/40/1/453/140669/alunite-jarosite-crystallography-thermodynamics#T1\">1</a></sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of Dutrizac and Jambor, this volume). In this chapter, however, the primary concern is with those minerals for which<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i>O<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is represented by SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>(Table 1<sup class=\"sup-zero\"><a class=\"tablelink\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/rimg/article/40/1/453/140669/alunite-jarosite-crystallography-thermodynamics#T1\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/rimg/article/40/1/453/140669/alunite-jarosite-crystallography-thermodynamics#T1\">1</a></sup>).</p><p>Precipitates with compositions near those of the end-members in the system alunite-natroalunite and jarosite-natrojarosite are readily prepared using sulfate salts. The products, however, almost invariably have a slight to appreciable deficiency in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><sup>3+</sup>, and have an apparent non-stoichiometry for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i>. The latter may reflect incorporation a H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, a solid solution that is difficult to prove because H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>cannot be determined directly by wet-chemistry or microprobe methods. Nevertheless, the existence of two minerals in the alunite supergroup is dependent solely on their<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i>-site predominance of H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, namely, hydronium jarosite [(H<sub>3</sub>O)Fe<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>] and schlossmacherite [(H<sub>3</sub>O,Ca)Al<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(OH,H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>].</p><p>This chapter is organized into four sections. In the first section, crystallographic data for alunite-natroalunite and jarosite-natrojarosite are presented and discussed. The second section describes available thermodynamic data for these two solid-solution series, in terms of properties of the end-members and mixing properties for intermediate compositions. The third section discusses the geochemistry and occurrences of alunite and jarosite, and the last section summarizes the published literature on the use of alunite and jarosite in geochronology.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2000.40.9","issn":"15296466","usgsCitation":"Stoffregen, R., Alpers, C.N., and Jambor, J., 2000, Alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 40, no. 1, p. 453-479, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2000.40.9.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"479","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e99de4b0c8380cd48397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoffregen, R.E.","contributorId":70417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffregen","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jambor, J.L.","contributorId":107460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jambor","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022514,"text":"70022514 - 2000 - Trace element geochemistry of altered volcanic ash layers (tonsteins) in late Permian coal-bearing formations of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou Provinces, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022514","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace element geochemistry of altered volcanic ash layers (tonsteins) in late Permian coal-bearing formations of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou Provinces, China","docAbstract":"Trace element compositions were determined (by instrumental neutron activation analysis; INAA) in 30 samples of synsedimentary volcanic ash-derived tonsteins and detrital claystones from coal seams within the late Permian coal-bearing formation of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou Provinces, China. The characteristics of trace-element geochemistry in the tonsteins can be distinguished from those of detrital claystones because of the former's unique volcanic-ash origin. The detrital claystones are characterized by their relatively high content of V, Ti, Sc, Cr, Co and Ni, relatively low content of Th and U, Th/U ratio, and small negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* 0.63-0.93). Overall, these trace element characteristics are consistent with a mafic source similar to the composition of basalt rocks in the erosional region on the western edge of the study area. In contrast, the tonsteins are low in V, Ti, Sc, Cr, Co and Ni contents and have a high Th/U ratio with a distinct negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* normally in the range of 0.2-0.4), consistent with a silicic magmatic source. Within the group of tonsteins, those from the lower section (P2.1) of the coal-bearing formation are relatively high in Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta and rare earth elements (REE), as compared to those from the middle and upper sections (P2.2+3). In trace-element discrimination diagrams (scatter plots) of Hf-Ta, Ti-Ta, Ti-V, Hf-Sc, Lu-Hf and Lu-Th, tonsteins from the P2.1 horizon always fall in isolated distribution areas, separate from the tonsteins of the P2.2+3 horizon. These results suggest that the source materials of tonsteins from the two separate horizons were probably derived from volcanic ash falls of two distinctly different natures. Based on a comparison of the concentrations and assemblages of trace elements between various magmatic rocks, the source materials of tonsteins from P2.1 horizon were mostly composed of calc-alkalic, silica-poor volcanic ash (similar to rhyodacitic magma), whereas those from P2.+3 were apparently more siliceous and K-rich (rhyolitic magma). Thus, tonsteins from the two different horizons are characterized by unique geochemical properties, which remain constant over a wide lateral extent. Integration of trace-elemental compositions with mineralogical and textural observations makes possible the establishment of tonstein stratigraphy, thus, facilitating more precise and reliable coal-seam correlations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Trace element compositions were determined in 30 samples of synsedimentary volcanic ash-derived tonsteins and detrital claystones from coal seams within the late Permian coal-bearing formation of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou Provinces, China. The characteristics of trace-element geochemistry in the tonsteins can be distinguished from those of detrital claystones because of the former's unique volcanic-ash origin. The detrital claystones are characterized by their relatively high content of V, Ti, Sc, CR, Co and Ni, relatively low content of Th and U, Th/U ratio, and small negative Eu anomaly.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Elsevier Science B.V.","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00017-3","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zhou, Y., Bohor, B., and Ren, Y., 2000, Trace element geochemistry of altered volcanic ash layers (tonsteins) in late Permian coal-bearing formations of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou Provinces, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 305-324, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00017-3.","startPage":"305","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00017-3"},{"id":230579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb63ce4b08c986b326b52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Y.","contributorId":70526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohor, B.F.","contributorId":96351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ren, Y.","contributorId":88106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022476,"text":"70022476 - 2000 - Microscopic character of marine sediment containing disseminated gas hydrate. Examples from the Blake Ridge and the Middle America Trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022476","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Microscopic character of marine sediment containing disseminated gas hydrate. Examples from the Blake Ridge and the Middle America Trench","docAbstract":"The presence of disseminated gas hydrate was inferred based on pore fluid geochemistry and downhole logging data, but was rarely observed at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 164 (Blake Ridge), and Leg 170 (Middle America Trench, offshore from Costa Rica) drilling sites. Gas hydrate nucleation is likely to occur first in larger voids rather than in constricted pore space, where capillary forces depress the temperature-pressure stability field for gas hydrate formation. Traditional macroscopic descriptions of sediment fail to detect the microscopic character of primary and secondary porosity in sediment hosting disseminated gas hydrate. Light transmission and scanning electron microscopy of sediments within and below the depth of gas hydrate occurrences reveal at least four general types of primary and secondary porosity: (1) microfossils (diatoms, foraminifera, and spicules) void of infilling sediment, but commonly containing small masses of pyrite framboids; (2) infauna burrows filled with unconsolidated sand and or microfossil debris; (3) irregularly shaped pods of nonconsolidated framboidial pyrite; and (4) nonlithified volcanic ash.","largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","language":"English","issn":"00778923","usgsCitation":"Lorenson, T., 2000, Microscopic character of marine sediment containing disseminated gas hydrate. Examples from the Blake Ridge and the Middle America Trench, <i>in</i> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 912, p. 189-194.","startPage":"189","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"912","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56a5e4b0c8380cd6d71e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022112,"text":"70022112 - 2000 - Correlates to colonizations of new patches by translocated populations of bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T14:55:17.701504","indexId":"70022112","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlates to colonizations of new patches by translocated populations of bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"<p>By 1950, bighorn sheep were extirpated from large areas of their range. Most extant populations of bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) in the Intermountain West consist of &lt;100 individuals occurring in a fragmented distribution across the landscape. Dispersal and successful colonizations of unoccupied habitat patches has been rarely reported, and, in particular, translocated populations have been characterized by limited population growth and limited dispersal rates. Restoration of the species is greatly assisted by dispersal and successful colonization of new patches within a metapopulation structure versus the existing scenario of negligible dispersal and fragmented, small populations. We investigated the correlates for the rate of colonizations of 79 suitable, but unoccupied, patches by 31 translocated populations of bighorn sheep released into nearby patches of habitat. Population growth rates of bighorn sheep in the release patches were correlated to N<sub>e</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of the founder group, and early contact with a second released population in a nearby release patch (logistic regression,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.08). Largest population size of all extant released populations in 1994 was correlated to potential N<sub>e</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of the founder group, the number of different source populations represented in the founder, and early contact with a second released population (<i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.016). Dispersal rates were 100% higher in rams than ewes (<i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.001). Successful colonizations of unoccupied patches (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 24 of 79 were colonized) were associated with rapid growth rates in the released population, years since release, larger area of suitable habitat in the release patch, larger population sizes, and a seasonal migratory tendency in the released population (<i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.05). Fewer water barriers, more open vegetation and more rugged, broken terrain in the intervening habitat were also associated with colonizations (<i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= &lt;0.05). We concluded that high dispersal rates and rapid reoccupation of large areas could occur if bighorn sheep are placed in large patches of habitat with few barriers to movements to other patches and with no domestic sheep present. Many restorations in the past that did not meet these criteria may have contributed to an insular population structure of bighorn sheep with limited observations of dispersal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80068.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Singer, F.J., Moses, M., Bellew, S., and Sloan, W., 2000, Correlates to colonizations of new patches by translocated populations of bighorn sheep: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 66-74, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80068.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"74","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Arches National Park, Badlands National Park, Bear Mountain, Beaver Creek, Bighorn Canyon, Black Canyon, Bureau of Land Management, Chateau, Cross Mountain, Dillon, Hole-in-Rock, Island Sky, Ladore Canyon, Lake Fork, Lockhart Road, Lone Buttes, Magpie Creek, Maze, Mesa Verde, Monument, Moody, Moody Canyon, Needles, North Bullion, Pool Creek, Potash Road, Red Slide, Sheep Creek, South Bullion, Theodore Roosevelt National Park, 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,{"id":70022181,"text":"70022181 - 2000 - U-Th dating of single zircons from young granitoid xenoliths: New tools for understanding volcanic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022181","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Th dating of single zircons from young granitoid xenoliths: New tools for understanding volcanic processes","docAbstract":"Multiple U-Th isotopic analyses of individual zircon crystals by ion microprobe define isochrons that discriminate between different crystallization ages of granitoid xenoliths in lavas erupted 1065 and 2000 years ago from Medicine Lake volcano, CA, USA. Zircon ages indicate at least two intrusive episodes, ~ 25 and ~ 90 ka, at times when silicic volcanism was rare, but basaltic volcanism was prevalent. Ar-Ar spectra require that the granitoids were completely crystalline thousands of years prior to their mobilization and eruption. These techniques demonstrate that individual zircon crystals can form rapidly enough to provide unique U-Th ages, and allow dating of < 300 ka xenoliths from volcanic eruptions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00273-9","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Persing, H., Wooden, J.L., Lanphere, M., Donnelly-Nolan, J., and Grove, T., 2000, U-Th dating of single zircons from young granitoid xenoliths: New tools for understanding volcanic processes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 183, no. 1-2, p. 291-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00273-9.","startPage":"291","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00273-9"},{"id":230743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"183","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9d9e4b08c986b327e5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Persing, H.M.","contributorId":108275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persing","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, M.","contributorId":68034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.","contributorId":104650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grove, T.L.","contributorId":22088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023139,"text":"70023139 - 2000 - Nesting habitat and reproductive success of southwestern riparian birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T15:48:48.91723","indexId":"70023139","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting habitat and reproductive success of southwestern riparian birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Vegetation structure and floristic composition strongly influence the structure of bird communities. To assess the influence of vegetation and other environmental characteristics on songbirds, we quantified nest-site characteristics and reproductive success of a riparian songbird community in Arizona. Although we found interspecific variation in characteristics associated with nest sites, we identified two suites of species that chose sites with similar characteristics. These “nest groups” were explained largely by nest height and characteristics of nest trees. Overall, nest success was low for songbirds in this community, and averaged 23%. The most common cause of nest failure was predation (81%), although brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (</span><i>Molothrus ater</i><span>) was highest at nests of Bell's Vireos (</span><i>Vireo bellii</i><span>) (29%). No vegetation or environmental features were associated with the likelihood of cowbird parasitism for any species; nest success for Bell's Vireos was negatively associated with the amount of netleaf hackberry (</span><i>Celtis reticulata</i><span>) in the understory. Arizona sycamore (</span><i>Platanus wrightii</i><span>) and netleaf hackberry trees contained 41% and 17% of all nests, respectively, and therefore provide critically important nesting substrates for birds in this rare yet diverse vegetation community.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/condor/102.4.823","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Powell, B., and Steidl, R., 2000, Nesting habitat and reproductive success of southwestern riparian birds: Condor, v. 102, no. 4, p. 823-831, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.4.823.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"831","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.4.823","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Baboquivari Mountains, Brown Canyon, Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.48977279663086,\n              31.767945522338017\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.50547981262206,\n              31.7586775930036\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.52496337890625,\n              31.75904248966274\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5335464477539,\n              31.76152374879331\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.54590606689452,\n              31.770645453128985\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5555191040039,\n              31.7775043823882\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5603256225586,\n              31.773345305127762\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.53697967529297,\n              31.75634222032043\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5013599395752,\n              31.748021976303317\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.48273468017578,\n              31.75721799198157\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.48977279663086,\n              31.767945522338017\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64c6e4b0c8380cd72a63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, B.F.","contributorId":28869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steidl, R.J.","contributorId":16383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steidl","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023127,"text":"70023127 - 2000 - Vegetation associations in a rare community type - Coastal tallgrass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-13T15:02:46","indexId":"70023127","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation associations in a rare community type - Coastal tallgrass prairie","docAbstract":"The coastal prairie ecoregion is located along the northwestern coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico in North America. Because of agricultural and urban development, less than 1% of the original 3.4 million ha of this ecosystem type remains in native condition, making it one of the most endangered ecosystems in North America. The objective of this study was to characterize the vegetation and environmental relationships in a relatively pristine example of lowland coastal prairie in order to provide information for use in conservation and restoration. The study area was a small, isolated prairie located near the southern boundary of the coastal prairie region. Samples were taken along three parallel transects that spanned the prairie. Parameters measured included species composition, elevation, soil characteristics, indications of recent disturbance, above-ground biomass, and light penetration through the plant canopy. Fifty-four species were found in the 107 0.25-m2 plots and a total of 96 species were found at the site. Only two non-native species occurred in sample plots, both of which were uncommon. Cluster analysis was used to identify six vegetation groups, which were primarily dominated by members of the Poaceae or Asteraceae. A conspicuous, natural edaphic feature of the prairie was the presence of 'mima' mounds, which are raised areas approximately 0.5 to 1 m high and 5 to 10 m across. Indicator species analysis revealed a significant number of species that were largely restricted to mounds and these were predominately upland and colonizing species. Ordination was performed using nonmetric, multidimensional scaling. The dominant environmental influence on species composition was found to be elevation and a host of correlated factors including those associated with soil organic content. A secondary group of factors, consisting primarily of soil cations, was found to explain additional variance among plots. Overall, this prairie was found to contain plant associations that are now rare in the surrounding landscape. Within the prairie, plant groups were largely separated by a suite of environmental conditions associated with topography. These results suggest that conservation and restoration efforts will need to carefully consider local topographic influences in order to be successful.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1009812911286","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., Allain, L.K., and Allen, C., 2000, Vegetation associations in a rare community type - Coastal tallgrass prairie: Plant Ecology, v. 147, no. 1, p. 105-115, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009812911286.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"115","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1d0e4b08c986b32a790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allain, Larry K. 0000-0002-7717-9761 allainl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":2414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","email":"allainl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Charles","contributorId":119821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023123,"text":"70023123 - 2000 - Predicting broad-scale occurrences of vertebrates in patchy landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023123","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting broad-scale occurrences of vertebrates in patchy landscapes","docAbstract":"Spatially explicit landscape-scale models that predict species distributions, where patches of habitat are shown as having potential to be occupied or unoccupied, are increasingly common. To successfully use such data, one should understand how these predicted distributions are created and how their relative accuracies are assessed. Geographic ranges, defined upon observations (e.g., atlases), literature review, and expert review, are a primary data layer. A map of land cover is created, often from interpretation of satellite imagery or other remotely-sensed data. Species/habitat associations are defined based upon a literature review and expert review, describing associations for habitats derived from the cover map. Included as ancillary associations are how species relate to physical features, where appropriate, such as elevation and hydrography. The three layers of information (range, land cover, and associations) are merged, often using raster-based algebraic statements that exclude unused habitats or patches outside the range of a species. The accuracy of predictions for a suite of species is typically assessed with surveys by comparing the species predicted to occur in an area to the species observed. Omission (i.e., present in species lists but not predicted) and commission (i.e., predicted but not present in lists) errors are reported. Errors may be due to many sources. For example, ranges of species change, cover types may be misidentified, species/habitat associations may be incorrect or change, or species may be rare and unlikely to be seen in surveys and judged in-error even though the species may be present. An example is given of an appropriate use of broad-scale species predicted distributions, in which patterns and threats to Maine terrestrial vertebrate diversity are summarized.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1008169411935","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Boone, R., and Krohn, W., 2000, Predicting broad-scale occurrences of vertebrates in patchy landscapes: Landscape Ecology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 63-74, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008169411935.","startPage":"63","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008169411935"},{"id":233372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81ade4b0c8380cd7b67f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boone, R.B.","contributorId":58416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023117,"text":"70023117 - 2000 - Clostridium perfringens in Long Island Sound sediments: An urban sedimentary record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T13:39:15","indexId":"70023117","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clostridium perfringens in Long Island Sound sediments: An urban sedimentary record","docAbstract":"Clostridium perfringens is a conservative tracer and an indicator of sewage-derived pollution in the marine environment. The distribution of Clostridium perfringens spores was measured in sediments from Long Island Sound, USA, as part of a regional study designed to: (1) map the distribution of contaminated sediments; (2) determine transport and dispersal paths; (3) identify the locations of sediment and contaminant focusing; and (4) constrain predictive models. In 1996, sediment cores were collected at 58 stations, and surface sediments were collected at 219 locations throughout the Sound. Elevated concentrations of Clostridium perfringens in the sediments indicate that sewage pollution is present throughout Long Island Sound and has persisted for more than a century. Concentrations range from undetectable amounts to 15,000 spores/g dry sediment and are above background levels in the upper 30 cm at nearly all core locations. Sediment focusing strongly impacts the accumulation of Clostridium perfringens spores. Inventories in the cores range from 28 to 70,000 spores/cm2, and elevated concentrations can extend to depths of 50 cm. The steep gradients in Clostridium perfringens profiles in muddier cores contrast with concentrations that are generally constant with depth in sandier cores. Clostridium perfringens concentrations rarely decrease in the uppermost sediment, unlike those reported for metal contaminants. Concentrations in surface sediments are highest in the western end of the Sound, very low in the eastern region, and intermediate in the central part. This pattern reflects winnowing and focusing of Clostridium perfringens spores and fine-grained sediment by the hydrodynamic regime; however, the proximity of sewage sources to the westernmost Sound locally enhances the Clostridium perfringens signals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Mecray, E., and Galvin, E., 2000, Clostridium perfringens in Long Island Sound sediments: An urban sedimentary record: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 591-612.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"612","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Long Island 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,{"id":70022415,"text":"70022415 - 2000 - Determination of geochemical affinities of granitic rocks from the Aue-Schwarzenberg zone (Erzgebirge, Germany) by multivariate statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022415","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2857,"text":"Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of geochemical affinities of granitic rocks from the Aue-Schwarzenberg zone (Erzgebirge, Germany) by multivariate statistics","docAbstract":"Variscan granites of the Erzgebirge region can be effectively classified into five genetically distinct major groups by canonical analysis of geochemical variables. The same classification procedure, when applied to small plutons in the Aue-Schwarzenberg granite zone (ASGZ), shows that all ASGZ granites have compositional affinities to low-F biotite or low-F two-mica granite groups. This suggests that the ASGZ granites were emplaced during the first, late-collisional stage of silicic magmatism in the region, which occurred between about 325 and 318 Ma. The numerous biotite granite bodies in the zone are geochemically distinct from both the neighboring Kirchberg granite pluton and the spatially displaced Niederbobritzsch biotite granite massif. Instead, these bodies seem to constitute a third sub-group within the low-F biotite granite class. The ASGZ biotite granites represent three or more genetically distinct bodies, thus highlighting the enormous compositional variability within this group of granites. Least evolved samples of two-mica granites from the ASGZ apparently reflect the assimilation of low-grade metamorphic country rocks during emplacement, altering the original composition of the melts by enhancing primary Al content. The same genesis is implied for the rare \"cordierite granite\" facies of the Bergen massif, the type pluton for the low-F two-mica granite group in the Erzgebirge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00283649","usgsCitation":"Forster, H., and Davis, J., 2000, Determination of geochemical affinities of granitic rocks from the Aue-Schwarzenberg zone (Erzgebirge, Germany) by multivariate statistics: Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte, v. 12, p. 529-542.","startPage":"529","endPage":"542","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa7e4b0c8380cd4f2f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forster, H.-J.","contributorId":104653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forster","given":"H.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022405,"text":"70022405 - 2000 - Unsaturated‐zone wedge beneath a large, natural lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:29:47","indexId":"70022405","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsaturated‐zone wedge beneath a large, natural lake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake Belle Taine (480 ha) in north central Minnesota receives on average 76,000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>d</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of water from Little Sand Creek but has no outlet. Water seeps out of the lake, flows through glacial outwash, and discharges into three nearby lakes with stages 13–14 m lower than Belle Taine. Seepage‐meter data indicate water is seeping out of Belle Taine at velocities up to 263 cm d</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>. Hydraulic‐head measurements made in the lake bed indicate the sediments are unsaturated beneath a portion of the lake edge, and a wedge of unsaturated sediments extends beneath the lake bed as much as 20 m from the shoreline. At the shoreline the water table is as much as 6.7 m below the lake surface. Modeling results of a similar hypothetical setting indicate that the horizontal extent of an unsaturated zone beneath a lake depends on (1) the permeability contrast between the outwash and the lake bed, (2) anisotropy, (3) lake bed slope, and (4) thickness of the lower‐permeability lake bed sediments. Although rarely documented, unsaturated sediments beneath a lake may not be extremely uncommon. Similar, much smaller unsaturated‐zone areas also have been observed beneath two other lakes in Minnesota.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900213","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., 2000, Unsaturated‐zone wedge beneath a large, natural lake: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 12, p. 3401-3409, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900213.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3401","endPage":"3409","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479310,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Lake Belle Taine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.94573593139648,\n              46.92365538205043\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.82763290405273,\n              46.92365538205043\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.82763290405273,\n              46.97205360380936\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.94573593139648,\n              46.97205360380936\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.94573593139648,\n              46.92365538205043\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf1e4b08c986b328e61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022307,"text":"70022307 - 2000 - Metal-sulfate salts from sulfide mineral oxidation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T09:40:23","indexId":"70022307","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal-sulfate salts from sulfide mineral oxidation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The observation of “efflorescences,” or the flowering of salts, associated with periods of dryness in soils, in closed-basin lakes, in rock outcrops, and in mines and mine wastes has been noted since early antiquity. The formation of metal-sulfate salts, in connection with the mining of metals, was a phenomenon well known to the early Greek and Roman civilizations. Alum, most commonly potash alum KAl(SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><strong>·</strong><span>12H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, which is from the Latin&nbsp;</span><i>alumen</i><span>, was extensively mined and used by goldsmiths, dyers, paper manufacturers, and physicians in ancient civilizations. It forms from the oxidation of pyrite in shales and slates and from oxidation of sulfurous gases in geothermal areas. The Greeks and the Romans described stalactites of&nbsp;</span><i>atramentum</i><span>(soluble metal-sulfate salts) that formed within mines and along rock faces (Agricola 1546, 1556). Furthermore, the toxic effects of these salts on animals were also noted. For example, in&nbsp;</span><i>De Natura Fossilium</i><span>, Agricola (1546) stated “….I mention the congealed acid juice which usually produces&nbsp;</span><i>cadmia</i><span>. It is white, hard, and so acrid that it can eat away walls, grills and even destroy all living matter.”&nbsp;</span><i>Cadmia</i><span>&nbsp;is thought to be derived from the oxidation of zinc, cobalt, and arsenic sulfides, such as cobaltite. He goes on to say that “Pyrite, unless it contains sulphates, is either a golden or silver color, rarely any other, while&nbsp;</span><i>cadmia</i><span>&nbsp;is black, yellow brown, or gray. The former will cure gatherings while the latter is a deadly poison and will destroy any living substance. It is used to kill grasshoppers, mice and flies.” These descriptions suggest the presence of arsenic compounds. The range of colors from white to black commonly is caused by different amounts of admixed pyrite with sulfate minerals. From the days of the Greek philosopher Theophrastus (</span><i>ca</i><span>&nbsp;325 BCE) and the Greek physician Dioscorides (first century CE), the efflorescent salts&nbsp;</span><i>atramentum sutorium virida</i><span>&nbsp;or melanterite (also called&nbsp;</span><i>melanteria</i><span>) and&nbsp;</span><i>atramentum sutorium caeruleum</i><span>&nbsp;or chalcanthite were well known to form from the corrosion of pyrite and chalcopyrite by moisture (Agricola 1546, footnotes on p. 47–51). By the time of Pliny the Second (Caius Plinius Secundus, 23–79 CE), the names “green vitriol” for melanterite and “blue vitriol” for chalcanthite were in common use and continued to be used from the Middle Ages to the 20th century.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2000.40.6","issn":"15296466","usgsCitation":"Jambor, J., Nordstrom, D.K., and Alpers, C.N., 2000, Metal-sulfate salts from sulfide mineral oxidation: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 40, p. 302-350, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2000.40.6.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"350","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5486e4b0c8380cd6cfd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jambor, J.L.","contributorId":107460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jambor","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022887,"text":"70022887 - 2000 - Stratigraphy, geochemistry and tectonic significance of the Oligocene magmatic rocks of western Oaxaca, southern Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022887","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Stratigraphy, geochemistry and tectonic significance of the Oligocene magmatic rocks of western Oaxaca, southern Mexico","docAbstract":"In Western Oaxaca, Tertiary magmatic activity is represented by extensive plutons along the continental margin and volcanic sequences in the inland region. K-Ar age determinations reported previously and in the present work indicate that these rocks correspond to a relatively broad arc in this region that was active mainly during the Oligocene (~ 35 to ~ 25 Ma). In the northern sector of western Oaxaca (Huajuapan-Monte Verde-Yanhuitlan), the volcanic suite comprises principally basaltic andesite to andesitic lavas, overlying minor silicic to intermediate volcaniclastic rocks (epiclastic deposits, ash fall tuffs, ignimbrites) that were deposited in the lacustrine-fluvial environment. The southern sector of the volcanic zone includes the Tlaxiaco-Laguna de Guadalupe region and consists of intermediate to silicic pyroclastic and epiclastic deposits, with silicic ash fall tuffs and ignimbrites. In both sectors, numerous andesitic to dacitic hypabyssal intrusions (stocks and dikes) were emplaced at different levels of the sequence. The granitoids of the coastal plutonic belt are generally more differentiated than the volcanic rocks that predominate in the northern sector and vary in composition from granite to granodiorite. The studied rocks show large-ion lithophile element (LILE) enrichment (K, Rb, Ba, Th) relative to high-field-strength (HFS) elements (Nb, Ti, Zr) that is characteristic of subduction-related magmatic rocks. On chondrite-normalized rare earth element diagrams, these samples display light rare earth element enrichment (LREE) and a flat pattern for the heavy rare earth elements (HREE). In spite of the contrasting degree of differentiation between the coastal plutons and inland volcanic rocks, there is a relatively small variation in the isotopic composition of these two suites. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios obtained and reported previously for Tertiary plutonic rocks of western Oaxaca range from 0.7042 to 0.7054 and ??Nd values, from -3.0 to +2.4, and for the volcanic rocks, from 0.7042 to 0.7046 and 0 +2.6. The range of these isotope ratios and those reported for the basement rocks in this region suggest a relatively low degree of old crustal involvement for most of the studied rocks. The Pb isotopic compositions of the Tertiary magmatic rocks also show a narrow range [(206Pb/204Pb) = 18.67-18.75; (207Pb/204Pb) = 15.59-15.62; (208Pb/204Pb) = 38.44-38.59], suggesting a similar source region for the volcanic and plutonic rocks. Trace elements and isotopic compositions suggest a mantle source in the subcontinental lithosphere that has been enriched by a subduction component. General tectonic features in this region indicate a more active rate of transtensional deformation for the inland volcanic region than along the coastal margin during the main events of Oligocene magmatism. The lower degree of differentiation of the inland volcanic sequences, particularly the upper unit of the northern sector, compared to the plutons of the coastal margin, suggests that the differentiation of the Tertiary magmas in southern Mexico was controlled to a great extent by the characteristics of the different strain domains. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00307-8","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Martiny, B., Martinez-Serrano, R.G., Moran-Zenteno, D.J., MacIas-Romo, C., and Ayuso, R., 2000, Stratigraphy, geochemistry and tectonic significance of the Oligocene magmatic rocks of western Oaxaca, southern Mexico, <i>in</i> Tectonophysics, v. 318, no. 1-4, p. 71-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00307-8.","startPage":"71","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00307-8"}],"volume":"318","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a44e4b08c986b31c846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martiny, B.","contributorId":32707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martiny","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez-Serrano, R. G.","contributorId":30007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez-Serrano","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran-Zenteno, D. J.","contributorId":103447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran-Zenteno","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacIas-Romo, C.","contributorId":40382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacIas-Romo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022844,"text":"70022844 - 2000 - Silurian K-bentonites of the Dnestr Basin, Podolia, Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T17:59:13.162682","indexId":"70022844","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silurian K-bentonites of the Dnestr Basin, Podolia, Ukraine","docAbstract":"The Dnestr Basin of Podolia, Ukraine, is an epicratonic basin consisting of neritic carbonate and calcareous mudstone facies including a nearly complete Silurian sequence ranging from late Llandovery to late Pridoli in age. The Silurian section has served as a standard for regional and interregional studies as a consequence of its well-documented macro- and microfaunal assemblages. Approximately 24 mid- to Late Silurian K-bentonites are present in this succession, and their lateral persistence has aided in establishing regional correlations. The K-bentonites range from 1 to 40 cm in thickness and occur in the Bagovitsa (late Wenlock), Malinovtsy (Ludlow) and Skala (Pridoli) Formations. Discrimination diagrams based on immobile trace elements together with rare earth element data suggest the K-bentonites had a volcanic origin in a collision margin setting related to subduction. Thickness and stratigraphic distribution considerations are consistent with a source area in the Rheic Ocean.","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","doi":"10.1144/jgs.157.2.493","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Huff, W., Bergstrom, S., and Kolata, D.R., 2000, Silurian K-bentonites of the Dnestr Basin, Podolia, Ukraine: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 157, no. 2, p. 493-504, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.2.493.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"504","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Unkraine","otherGeospatial":"Dnestr Basin, Podolia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              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W.D.","contributorId":48327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergstrom, Stig M.","contributorId":80832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"Stig M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolata, Dennis R.","contributorId":79495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolata","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022341,"text":"70022341 - 2000 - Regional interdisciplinary paleoflood approach to assess extreme flood potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:00:06","indexId":"70022341","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional interdisciplinary paleoflood approach to assess extreme flood potential","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the past decade, there has been a growing interest of dam safety officials to incorporate a risk‐based analysis for design‐flood hydrology. Extreme or rare floods, with probabilities in the range of about 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to 10</span><sup>−7</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>chance of occurrence per year, are of continuing interest to the hydrologic and engineering communities for purposes of planning and design of structures such as dams [</span><i>National Research Council</i><span>, 1988]. The National Research Council stresses that as much information as possible about floods needs to be used for evaluation of the risk and consequences of any decision. A regional interdisciplinary paleoflood approach was developed to assist dam safety officials and floodplain managers in their assessments of the risk of large floods. The interdisciplinary components included documenting maximum paleofloods and a regional analyses of contemporary extreme rainfall and flood data to complement a site‐specific probable maximum precipitation study [</span><i>Tomlinson and Solak</i><span>, 1997]. The cost‐effective approach, which can be used in many other hydrometeorologic settings, was applied to Elkhead Reservoir in Elkhead Creek (531 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) in northwestern Colorado; the regional study area was 10,900 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. Paleoflood data using bouldery flood deposits and noninundation surfaces for 88 streams were used to document maximum flood discharges that have occurred during the Holocene. Several relative dating methods were used to determine the age of paleoflood deposits and noninundation surfaces. No evidence of substantial flooding was found in the study area. The maximum paleoflood of 135 m</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for Elkhead Creek is about 13% of the site‐specific probable maximum flood of 1020 m</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Flood‐frequency relations using the expected moments algorithm, which better incorporates paleoflood data, were developed to assess the risk of extreme floods. Envelope curves encompassing maximum rainfall (181 sites) and floods (218 sites) were developed for northwestern Colorado to help define maximum contemporary and Holocene flooding in Elkhead Creek and in a regional frequency context. Study results for Elkhead Reservoir were accepted by the Colorado State Engineer for dam safety certification.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900098","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, R.D., and Tomlinson, E.M., 2000, Regional interdisciplinary paleoflood approach to assess extreme flood potential: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 10, p. 2957-2984, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900098.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"2957","endPage":"2984","ipdsId":"IP-027734","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900098","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a532e4b0e8fec6cdbd74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":393243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomlinson, Edward M.","contributorId":195306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022635,"text":"70022635 - 2000 - Volcanic history of El Chichon Volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) during the Holocene, and its impact on human activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70022635","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic history of El Chichon Volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) during the Holocene, and its impact on human activity","docAbstract":"Before its devastating eruption in 1982, El Chichon Volcano was little known and did not appear on any listings of hazardous volcanoes. Subsequent geologic studies, based on stratigraphic and radiocarbon investigations, showed that at least three explosive eruptions had occurred previously at this volcano. In this paper, we present the result of recent studies on the stratigraphy of the volcano and new radiocarbon ages which show that at least 11 eruptions have taken place at El Chichon in the past 8000 years. Explosive events, most of them producing block-and-ash flow and surge deposits, occurred around 550, 900, 1250, 1500, 1600, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3100, 3700 and 7700 years BP. The juvenile products of these eruptions have a trachyandesitic composition with similar degree of evolution, as evidenced from their SiO2 abundance and depletion in MgO, CaO, TiO2, as well as trace and rare earth elements. This suggests segregation of olivine and orthopyroxene from the melt. Since human settlements in southeast Mexico and Central America can be traced as far back as approximately 2500 years BP, most of these events probably affected human activity. In fact, there are reports of pottery shards and other artifacts in deposits from the eruption of 1250 BP. Pottery fragments in deposits of an eruption that took place 2500 BP are also reported in this paper. Thus, the impact of the volcano on human activities has been frequent, with most of the repose intervals lasting between 100 to 600 years. The impact of the eruptions was probably of greater than local extent, because airfall tephra could reach distant sites and possibly even affect weather. The eruptive history of El Chichon also offers clues in the investigation of the Maya civilization. Several researchers have considered the volcano as an important factor in the answer to some intriguing questions such as the extensive use of volcanic ash in Late Classic Maya ceramics or, of greater importance, the causes of the collapse of the Classic Maya civilization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s004459900064","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Espindola, J., Macias, J., Tilling, R., and Sheridan, M., 2000, Volcanic history of El Chichon Volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) during the Holocene, and its impact on human activity: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 62, no. 2, p. 90-104, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004459900064.","startPage":"90","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004459900064"}],"volume":"62","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2f7e4b08c986b32aea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Espindola, J.M.","contributorId":88890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espindola","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macias, J.L.","contributorId":41159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macias","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheridan, M.F.","contributorId":37926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":93848,"text":"93848 - 2000 - Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Horned Lark","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-11T10:41:40","indexId":"93848","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Horned Lark","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the <a href=\"http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/index.htm#bibsearch\" target=\"_blank\">Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography</a> on the home page of this resource.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93848","usgsCitation":"Dinkins, M., Zimmerman, A., Dechant, J., Parkin, B., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., and Euliss, B., 2000, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Horned Lark (Revised 2003), 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93848.","productDescription":"33 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93848.PNG"},{"id":312416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93848/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised 2003","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinkins, Meghan F.","contributorId":28193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinkins","given":"Meghan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Amy L.","contributorId":69087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Amy L.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parkin, Barry D.","contributorId":98249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkin","given":"Barry D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":93860,"text":"93860 - 2000 - Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Vesper Sparrow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T10:27:37","indexId":"93860","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Vesper Sparrow","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the <a href=\"http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/index.htm#bibsearch\" target=\"_blank\">Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography</a> on the home page of this resource.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93860","usgsCitation":"Dechant, J., Dinkins, M., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., and Euliss, B., 2000, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Vesper Sparrow (Originally posted 2000; Revised 2002), 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93860.","productDescription":"38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93860.PNG"},{"id":312448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93860/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Originally posted 2000; Revised 2002","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinkins, Meghan F.","contributorId":28193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinkins","given":"Meghan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":93862,"text":"93862 - 2000 - Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Swainson's Hawk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T12:23:27","indexId":"93862","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Swainson's Hawk","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the <a href=\"http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/index.htm#bibsearch\" target=\"_blank\">Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography</a> on the home page of this resource.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93862","usgsCitation":"Dechant, J., Dinkins, M., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., and Euliss, B., 2000, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Swainson's Hawk, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93862.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93862.PNG"},{"id":312446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93862/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinkins, Meghan F.","contributorId":28193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinkins","given":"Meghan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1001002,"text":"1001002 - 2000 - Recolonization and possible recovery of burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae: Hexagenia spp.) in Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T12:50:18","indexId":"1001002","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2179,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recolonization and possible recovery of burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae: Hexagenia spp.) in Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Burrowing mayflies of the genus<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Hexagenia</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>spp. were widely distributed (ca. 80% of sites) and abundant (ca. 160 nymphs/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>) in the western basin of Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes in 1929&ndash;1930, prior to a period of anoxia in the mid 1950s. Nymphs were absent or rare in the basin between 1961 and 1973&ndash;1975. In 1979&ndash;1991, nymphs were infrequently found (13&ndash;46% of sites) in low abundance (3&ndash;40 nymphs/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>) near shore (&lt;7.5 km from shore), but were absent or rare offshore (0&ndash;7% of sites at 0&ndash;1 nymphs/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>). Increased abundance occurred offshore between 1991 (0% of sites) and 1993 (52% of sites at 7/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>). Annual sampling, beginning in 1995, indicates that nymphs increased in both nearshore and offshore waters. By 1997, nymphs were found throughout the lake (88% of sites) at a mean density 40-fold greater (392/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>) than that observed in 1993 (11/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>). In 1998, the distribution of nymphs remained the same as 1997 (88% of sites) but density declined 3-fold (392 to 134/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>). These data indicate that mayflies have recolonized sediments of western Lake Erie and that their abundance may be similar to levels observed before their disappearance in the mid 1950s. However, prior to the mid 1950s, densities were greater in offshore than nearshore waters, but between 1979 and 1998 greater densities occurred near shore than offshore. In addition, there were two areas in the 1990s where low densities consistently occurred. Therefore, recovery of nymphs in western Lake Erie may not have been complete in 1998. At present we do not know the cause for the sudden recolonization of nymphs in large portions of western Lake Erie. Undoubtedly, pollution-abatement programs contributed to improved conditions that would have ultimately led to mayfly recovery in the future. However, the explosive growth of the exotic zebra mussel,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>, undoubtedly diverted plankton foods to bottom substrates which could have increased the speed at which<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Hexagenia</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>spp. nymphs recolonized sediments in western Lake Erie in the 1990s.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1011432920760","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Krieger, K.A., Ciborowski, J.J., and Corkum, L.D., 2000, Recolonization and possible recovery of burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae: Hexagenia spp.) in Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes: Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery, v. 8, no. 2, p. 125-141, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011432920760.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"141","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a1a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krieger, Kenneth A.","contributorId":12411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krieger","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ciborowski, Jan J.H.","contributorId":107240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciborowski","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corkum, Lynda D.","contributorId":97866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corkum","given":"Lynda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}