{"pageNumber":"1180","pageRowStart":"29475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40894,"records":[{"id":70023983,"text":"70023983 - 2001 - The behaviour of 39 pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T11:03:32","indexId":"70023983","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The behaviour of 39 pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale","docAbstract":"A portion of applied pesticides runs off agricultural fields and is transported through surface waters. In this study, the behaviour of 39 pesticides is examined as a function of scale across 14 orders of magnitude from the field to the ocean. Data on pesticide loads in streams from two US Geological Survey programs were combined with literature data from field and watershed studies. The annual load as percent of use (LAPU) was quantified for each of the fields and watersheds and was used as the normalization factor across watersheds and compounds. The in-stream losses of each pesticide were estimated for a model stream with a 15 day travel time (similar in characteristics to the upper Mississippi River). These estimated in-stream losses agreed well with the observed changes in apparent LAPU values as a function of watershed area. In general, herbicides applied to the soil surface had the greatest LAPU values and minimal in-stream losses. Soil-incorporated herbicides had smaller LAPU values and substantial in-stream losses. Insecticides generally had LAPU values similar to the incorporated herbicides, but had more variation in their in-stream losses. On the basis of the LAPU values of the 39 pesticides as a function of watershed area, a generalized conceptual model of the movement of pesticides from the field to the ocean is suggested. The importance of considering both field runoff and in-stream losses is discussed in relation to interpreting monitoring data and making regulatory decisions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.212","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., Larson, S., and Winterstein, T.A., 2001, The behaviour of 39 pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1251-1269, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.212.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1269","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.212"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9e4e4b08c986b3225ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winterstein, T. A.","contributorId":25156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterstein","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023979,"text":"70023979 - 2001 - Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023979","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme","docAbstract":"In 1994, the NASQAN (National Stream Quality Accounting Network) programme was redesigned as a flux-based water-quality monitoring network for the Mississippi, Columbia, Colorado, and Rio Grande Basins. As the new programme represented a departure from the original, new sampling, processing, analytical, and data handling procedures had to be selected/developed to provide data on discharge, suspended sediment concentration, and the concentrations of suspended sediment and dissolved trace elements. Annual suspended sediment fluxes were estimated by summing daily instantaneous fluxes based on predicted suspended sediment concentrations derived from discharge-based log-log regression (rating-curve) models. The models were developed using both historical and current site-specific discharge and suspended sediment concentrations. Errors using this approach typically are less than ?? 10% for the 3-year reporting period; however, the magnitude of the errors increases substantially for temporal spans shorter than 1 year. Total, rather than total-recoverable, suspended sediment-associated trace element concentrations were determined by direct analysis of material dewatered from large-volume whole-water samples. Site-specific intra- and inter-annual suspended sediment-associated chemical variations were less (typically by no more than a factor of two) than those for either discharge or suspended sediment concentrations (usually more than 10-fold). The concentrations, hence the annual fluxes, for suspended sediment-associated phosphorus and organic carbon, determined by direct analyses, were higher than those determined using a more traditional paired, whole-water/filtered-water approach (by factors ranging from 1.5- to 10-fold). This may be important for such issues as eutrophication and coastal productivity. Filtered water-associated (dissolved) trace element concentrations were markedly lower than those determined during the historical NASQAN programme; many were below their respective detection limits. This resulted from the use of clean sampling, processing, and analytical protocols. Hence, the fluxes for filtered water-associated (dissolved) Ag, Pb, Co, V, Be, Sb, and Se, as well as the total (filtered water plus suspended sediment-associated) fluxes for these constituents, could not be estimated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.206","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Smith, J., 2001, Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1107-1132, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.206.","startPage":"1107","endPage":"1132","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207166,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.206"},{"id":231865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b4fe4b0c8380cd52684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023975,"text":"70023975 - 2001 - Modeling consolidation and dewatering near the toe of the northern Barbados accretionary complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T18:18:02.86839","indexId":"70023975","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling consolidation and dewatering near the toe of the northern Barbados accretionary complex","docAbstract":"<p><span>At the toe of the northern Barbados accretionary complex, temperature and pore water chemistry data indicate that fluid flow is channeled along the décollement and other shallow thrust faults. We examine mechanisms that may prevent consolidation and maintain high permeability over large sections of the décollement. High-resolution bulk density data from five boreholes show that the décollement is well consolidated at some sites while other sites remain underconsolidated. Underconsolidated décollement behavior is associated with kilometer-scale negative-polarity seismic reflections from the décollement plane that have been interpreted to be fluid conduits. We use a coupled fluid flow/consolidation model to simulate the loading response of a 10-km-long by 680-m-thick slice of sediment as it enters the accretionary complex. The simulations capture 185 ka (5 km) of subduction, with a load function representing the estimated effective stress of the overriding accretionary prism (3.8° taper angle). Simulation results of bulk density in the décollement 3.2 km arcward of the deformation front are compared with observations. The results show that persistent high pore pressures at the arcward edge of the simulation domain can explain underconsolidated behavior. The scenario is consistent with previous modeling results showing that high pore pressures can propagate intermittently along the décollement from deeper in the complex. Simulated seaward fluxes in the décollement (1–14 cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) lie between previous estimates from modeling studies of steady state (&lt;1 cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and transient (&gt;1 m yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) flow. Maximum simulated instantaneous fluid sources (2.5×10</span><sup>−13</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) are comparable to previous estimates. The simulations show minor swelling of incoming sediments (fluid sources ∼−3×10</span><sup>−15</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) up to 3 km before subduction that may help to explain small-scale shearing and normal faulting proximal to the protodécollement.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900368","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stauffer, P., and Bekins, B., 2001, Modeling consolidation and dewatering near the toe of the northern Barbados accretionary complex: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B4, p. 6369-6383, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900368.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"6369","endPage":"6383","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Barbados","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Northern Barbados Accretionary Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -60.42215522289088,\n              16.219230923659723\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.42215522289088,\n              14.768847597055327\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.548986277577754,\n              14.768847597055327\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.548986277577754,\n              16.219230923659723\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.42215522289088,\n              16.219230923659723\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5beae4b0c8380cd6f8c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauffer, P.","contributorId":20505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023078,"text":"70023078 - 2001 - Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:58:26.796846","indexId":"70023078","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil","docAbstract":"<p><span>Copahue volcano erupted altered rock debris, siliceous dust, pyroclastic sulfur, and rare juvenile fragments between 1992 and 1995, and magmatic eruptions occurred in July– October 2000. Prior to 2000, the Copahue crater lake, acid hot springs, and rivers carried acid brines with compositions that reflected close to congruent rock dissolution. The ratio between rock-forming elements and chloride in the central zone of the volcano-hydrothermal system has diminished over the past few years, reflecting increased water/rock ratios as a result of progressive rock dissolution. Magmatic activity in 2000 provided fresh rocks for the acid fluids, resulting in higher ratios between rock-forming elements and chloride in the fluids and enhanced Mg fluxes. The higher Mg fluxes started several weeks prior to the eruption. Model data on the crater lake and river element flux determinations indicate that Copahue volcano was hollowed out at a rate of about 20 000–25 000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/yr, but that void space was filled with about equal amounts of silica and liquid elemental sulfur. The extensive rock dissolution has weakened the internal volcanic structure, making flank collapse a volcanic hazard at Copahue.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1059:HEFFCA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Varekamp, J., Ouimette, A., Herman, S., Bermudez, A., and Delpino, D., 2001, Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil: Geology, v. 29, no. 11, p. 1059-1062, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1059:HEFFCA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1062","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Chile","otherGeospatial":"Copahue","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.1090087890625,\n              -37.90249051864098\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.916748046875,\n              -37.907366581454944\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.91194152832031,\n              -37.773428545820934\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.15570068359375,\n              -37.767458038229684\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.17218017578125,\n              -37.78048397870301\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.16119384765624,\n              -37.79350762410675\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.15570068359375,\n              -37.810868914072984\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.13853454589844,\n              -37.81846319511329\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.12686157226562,\n              -37.822802433527556\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.136474609375,\n              -37.834191720600415\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.15776062011719,\n              -37.838530034214045\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.16256713867188,\n              -37.846663684549135\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.19827270507812,\n              -37.85425428219824\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.20719909667969,\n              -37.877021386076336\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.17767333984375,\n              -37.898155969343314\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.14059448242188,\n              -37.87810535842237\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.11930847167969,\n              -37.89056989382213\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.1090087890625,\n              -37.90249051864098\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a379de4b0c8380cd61006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varekamp, J.C.","contributorId":56006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varekamp","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ouimette, A.P.","contributorId":99341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouimette","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herman, S.W.","contributorId":44712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bermudez, A.","contributorId":61991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bermudez","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delpino, D.","contributorId":87724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delpino","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023970,"text":"70023970 - 2001 - Relating nitrogen sources and aquifer susceptibility to nitrate in shallow ground waters of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:19:37.711965","indexId":"70023970","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating nitrogen sources and aquifer susceptibility to nitrate in shallow ground waters of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Characteristics of nitrogen loading and aquifer susceptibility to contamination were evaluated to determine their influence on contamination of shallow ground water by nitrate. A set of 13 explanatory variables was derived from these characteristics, and variables that have a significant influence were identified using logistic regression (LR). Multivariate LR models based on more than 900 sampled wells predicted the probability of exceeding 4 mg/L of nitrate in ground water. The final LR model consists of the following variables: (1) nitrogen fertilizer loading (p-value = 0.012); (2) percent cropland-pasture (p &lt; 0.001); (3) natural log of population density (p &lt; 0.001); (4) percent well-drained soils (p = 0.002); (5) depth to the seasonally high water table (p = 0.001); and (6) presence or absence of a fracture zone within an aquifer (p = 0.002). Variables 1–3 were compiled within circular, 500 m radius areas surrounding sampled wells, and variables 4–6 were compiled within larger areas representing targeted land use and aquifers of interest. Fitting criteria indicate that the full logistic-regression model is highly significant (p &lt; 0.001), compared with an intercept-only model that contains none of the explanatory variables. A goodness-of-fit test indicates that the model fits the data well, and observed and predicted probabilities of exceeding 4 mg/L nitrate in ground water are strongly correlated (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>= 0.971). Based on the multivariate LR model, vulnerability of ground water to contamination by nitrate depends not on any single factor but on the combined, simultaneous influence of factors representing nitrogen loading sources and aquifer susceptibility characteristics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02311.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., 2001, Relating nitrogen sources and aquifer susceptibility to nitrate in shallow ground waters of the United States: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 2, p. 290-299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02311.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"299","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70024285,"text":"70024285 - 2001 - Origin of late Quaternary dune fields on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T16:00:49.113201","indexId":"70024285","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of late Quaternary dune fields on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico","docAbstract":"Mostly stabilized late Holocene eolian sands on the Southern High Plains of the United States were studied to determine their origins and to assess whether present dune stability depends more strongly on sediment supply, sediment availability, or transport limitations. Geomorphic, sedimentological, and geochemical trends indicate that late Holocene dunes formed under westerly paleowinds, broadly similar to those of today. Mineralogical and geochemical data indicate that the most likely source for the sands is not the Pecos River valley, but the Pleistocene Blackwater Draw Formation, an older, extensive eolian deposit in the region. These observations suggest that new sand is supplied whenever vegetation cover is diminished to the extent that the Blackwater Draw Formation can be eroded, in agreement with modern observations of wind erosion in the region. We conclude, therefore, that Southern High Plains dunes are stabilized primarily due to a vegetation cover. The dunes are thus sediment-availability limited. This conclusion is consistent with the observation that, in the warmest, driest part of the region (where vegetation cover is minimal), dunes are currently active over a large area. Geochemical data indicate that Southern High Plains dunes are the most mineralogically mature (quartz rich) sands yet studied in the Great Plains, which suggests a long history of eolian activity, either in the dune fields or during deposition of the Blackwater Draw Formation.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0075:OOLQDF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., and Holliday, V., 2001, Origin of late Quaternary dune fields on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, no. 1, p. 75-87, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0075:OOLQDF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"87","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Southern High Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.83154296875,\n              30.543338954230222\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.18408203124999,\n              30.543338954230222\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.18408203124999,\n              35.35321610123823\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.83154296875,\n              35.35321610123823\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.83154296875,\n              30.543338954230222\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70dfe4b0c8380cd762e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holliday, V.T.","contributorId":107048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holliday","given":"V.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023962,"text":"70023962 - 2001 - Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023962","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays","docAbstract":"Compositional layering of the midmantle has been proposed to account for seismic and geochemical patterns [van der Hilst and Karason, 1999], and inferred radiogenic heat source concentrations [Kellogg et al., 1999]. Compositional layering would require thermal boundary layers both above and below an interface. We construct a minimal 1-D model of a mid-mantle boundary consistent with the observed nearly adiabatic compressional velocity structure [Dziewonksi and Anderson, 1981] and the proposed high heat flow from the lower mantle [Albarede and van der Hilst, 1999; Kellogg et al., 1999]. Ray tracing and reflectivity synthetic seismograms show that a distinct triplication is predicted for short-period P waves. Although topography on a boundary would cause uncertainty in the strength and the range of the triplication, many clear observations would be expected. We examine data from the US West Coast regional networks in the most likely distance range of 60?? to 70?? for a 1770-km-depth boundary, and find no evidence for P wave triplications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL012428","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Vidale, J., Schubert, G., and Earle, P., 2001, Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 5, p. 859-862, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012428.","startPage":"859","endPage":"862","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487336,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012428","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012428"},{"id":231595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf4e4b08c986b328e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidale, J.E.","contributorId":55849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schubert, G.","contributorId":51679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earle, P.S.","contributorId":17011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023960,"text":"70023960 - 2001 - Marine chemistry of the permian phosphoria formation and basin, Southeast Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023960","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine chemistry of the permian phosphoria formation and basin, Southeast Idaho","docAbstract":"Major components in the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation are apatite, dolomite, calcite, organic matter, and biogenic silica-a marine fraction; and aluminosilicate quartz debris-a terrigenous fraction. Samples from Enoch Valley, in southeast Idaho, have major element oxide abundances of Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, and TiO2 that closely approach the composition of the world shale average. Factor analysis further identifies the partitioning of several trace elements-Ba, Ga, Li, Sc, and Th and, at other sites in southeast Idaho and western Wyoming, B, Co, Cs, Hf, Rb, and Ta-totally into this fraction. Trace elements that fail to show such correlations or factor loadings include Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se, the rare earth elements (REE), U, V, and Zn. Their terrigenous contribution is determined from minimum values of trace elements versus the terrigenous fraction. These minima too define trace element concentrations in the terrigenous fraction that approximately equal their concentrations in the world shale average. The marine fraction of trace elements represents the difference between the bulk trace element content of a sample and the terrigenous contribution. Of the trace elements enriched above a terrigenous contribution, Ag, Cr, Cu, Mo, and Se show strong loadings on the factor with an organic matter loading and U and the REE on the factor with a strong apatite loading. Cd, Ni, V, and Zn do not show a strong correlation with any of the marine components but are, nonetheless, strongly enriched above a terrigenous contribution. Interelement relationships between the trace elements identify two seawater sources-planktonic debris and basinal bottom water. Relationships between Cd, Cu, Mo, Zn, and possibly Ni and Se suggest a solely biogenic source. Their accumulation rates, and that of PO3-4, further identify the level of primary productivity as having been moderate and the residence time of water in the basin at 4.5 yr. Enrichments of Cr, U, V, and the REE, above both terrigenous and biogenic contributions, define bottom-water redox conditions as having been oxygen depleted, that is, denitrifying but not sulfate reducing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/96.3.599","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., 2001, Marine chemistry of the permian phosphoria formation and basin, Southeast Idaho: Economic Geology, v. 96, no. 3, p. 599-620, https://doi.org/10.2113/96.3.599.","startPage":"599","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/96.3.599"},{"id":231555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51d1e4b0c8380cd6bf63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023074,"text":"70023074 - 2001 - Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023074","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Between A.D. 900 and 1150, more than 200,000 conifer trees were used to build the prehistoric great houses of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, in what is now a treeless landscape. More than one-fifth of these timbers were spruce (Picea) or fir (Abies) that were hand-carried from isolated mountaintops 75-100 km away. Because strontium from local dust, water, and underlying bedrock is incorporated by trees, specific logging sites can be identified by comparing 87Sr/86Sr ratios in construction beams from different ruins and building periods to ratios in living trees from the surrounding mountains. 87Sr/86Sr ratios show that the beams came from both the Chuska and San Mateo (Mount Taylor) mountains, but not from the San Pedro Mountains, which are equally close. Incorporation of logs from two sources in the same room, great house, and year suggest stockpiling and intercommunity collaboration at Chaco Canyon. The use of trees from both the Chuska and San Mateo mountains, but not from the San Pedro Mountains, as early as A.D. 974 suggests that selection of timber sources was driven more by regional socioeconomic ties than by a simple model of resource depletion with distance and time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.211305498","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"English, N., Betancourt, J., Dean, J., and Quade, J., 2001, Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 98, no. 21, p. 11891-11896, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211305498.","startPage":"11891","endPage":"11896","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478854,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/59738","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208207,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211305498"}],"volume":"98","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bb4e4b08c986b31d03b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"English, N.B.","contributorId":38744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"English","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, J.S.","contributorId":76517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023071,"text":"70023071 - 2001 - Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023071","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), developed a computer program to provide a general framework needed to couple disparate environmental resource models and to manage the necessary data. The Object-User Interface (OUI) is a map-based interface for models and modeling data. It provides a common interface to run hydrologic models and acquire, browse, organize, and select spatial and temporal data. One application is to assist river managers in utilizing streamflow forecasts generated with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System running in the Modular Modeling System (MMS), a distributed-parameter watershed model, and the National Weather Service Extended Streamflow Prediction (ESP) methodology.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"69th Annual Meeting Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"16 April 2001 through 19 April 2001","conferenceLocation":"Sun Valley, ID","language":"English","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Jeton, A., 2001, Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface, <i>in</i> Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Sun Valley, ID, 16 April 2001 through 19 April 2001, p. 85-91.","startPage":"85","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9aeee4b08c986b31cbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeton, A.E.","contributorId":61841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023066,"text":"70023066 - 2001 - Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-30T17:29:48.769129","indexId":"70023066","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle","docAbstract":"I examine the behavior of a two-dimensional (2-D) strike-slip fault system embedded in a 1-D elastic layer (schizosphere) overlying a uniform viscoelastic half-space (plastosphere) and within the boundaries of a finite width shear zone. The viscoelastic coupling model of Savage and Prescott [1978] considers the viscoelastic response of this system, in the absence of the shear zone boundaries, to an earthquake occurring within the upper elastic layer, steady slip beneath a prescribed depth, and the superposition of the responses of multiple earthquakes with characteristic slip occurring at regular intervals. So formulated, the viscoelastic coupling model predicts that sufficiently long after initiation of the system, (1) average fault-parallel velocity at any point is the average slip rate of that side of the fault and (2) far-field velocities equal the same constant rate. Because of the sensitivity to the mechanical properties of the schizosphere-plastosphere system (i.e., elastic layer thickness, plastosphere viscosity), this model has been used to infer such properties from measurements of interseismic velocity. Such inferences exploit the predicted behavior at a known time within the earthquake cycle. By modifying the viscoelastic coupling model to satisfy the additional constraint that the absolute velocity at prescribed shear zone boundaries is constant, I find that even though the time-averaged behavior remains the same, the spatiotemporal pattern of surface deformation (particularly its temporal variation within an earthquake cycle) is markedly different from that predicted by the conventional viscoelastic coupling model. These differences are magnified as plastosphere viscosity is reduced or as the recurrence interval of periodic earthquakes is lengthened. Application to the interseismic velocity field along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault suggests that the region behaves mechanically like a ???600-km-wide shear zone accommodating 50 mm/yr fault-parallel motion distributed between the San Andreas fault system and Eastern California Shear Zone. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000342","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2001, Viscoelastic shear zone model of a strike-slip earthquake cycle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B11, p. 26541-26560, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000342.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"26541","endPage":"26560","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.96815379209215,\n              34.48443294269454\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.69349558896727,\n              34.38475956763793\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.28700144834212,\n              34.15778760857671\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.79310496396727,\n              33.692870080798244\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.00233347959211,\n              32.74622590534098\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.57386668271728,\n              33.81161930566759\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.65028269834234,\n              35.57295474555886\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.59510691709224,\n              35.653338449032404\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.96815379209215,\n              34.48443294269454\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc284e4b08c986b32abb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023063,"text":"70023063 - 2001 - Distribution of algae in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to nutrient supply, salinity and other environmental factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T08:32:38","indexId":"70023063","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of algae in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to nutrient supply, salinity and other environmental factors","docAbstract":"<p>1. The taxonomic composition and biomass of the phytoplankton and the taxonomic composition of the phytobenthos of the San Joaquin River and its major tributaries were examined in relation to water chemistry, habitat and flow regime. Agricultural drainage and subsurface flow contribute to a complex gradient of salinity and nutrients in this eutrophic, 'lowland type' river.</p><p>2. Because of light-limiting conditions for growth, maintenance demands of the algae exceed production during summer and autumn in the San Joaquin River where there is no inflow from tributaries. In contrast to substantial gains in concentration of inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus during the summer of normal-flow years, net losses of algal biomass (2-4 ??g L<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> chlorophyll a) occurred in a mid-river segment with no significant tributary inflow. However, downstream of a large tributary draining the Sierra Nevada, a substantial net gain in algal biomass (6-11 μg L<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>) occurred in the summer, but not in the spring (loss of 1-6 μg L<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>) or autumn (loss of 2-5 ??g L<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>).</p><p>3. The phytoplankton was dominated in summer by 'r-selected' centric diatoms (Thalassiosirales), species both tolerant of variable salinity and widely distributed in the San Joaquin River. Pennate diatoms were proportionally more abundant (in biomass) in the winter, spring and autumn. Abundant taxa included the diatoms Cyclotella meneghiniana, Skeletonema cf. potamos, Cyclostephanos invisitatus, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Nitzschia acicularis, N. palea and N. reversa, and the chlorophytes Chlamydomonas sp. and Scenesdesmus quadricauda. Patterns in the abundance of species indicated that assembly of the phytoplankton is limited more by light and flow regime than by nutrient supply.</p><p>4. The phytobenthos was dominated by larger, more slowly reproducing pennate diatoms. Few of the abundant species are euryhaline. The diatoms Navicula recens and Nitzschia inconspicua and cyanophytes, Oscillatoria spp., were the principal late-summer benthic species upstream in the mainstem and in drainages of the San Joaquin Valley. Many of the other abundant diatoms (Amphora veneta, Bacillaria paxillifer, Navicula symmetrica, Nitzschia amphibia, N. fonticola, N. palea, Pleurosigma salinarum) of late-summer assemblages in these segments also are motile species. While many of these species also were abundant in segments downstream of confluences with rivers draining the Sierra Nevada, the relative abundance of prostrate (Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Navicula minima) and erect or stalked (Achnanthidium deflexum, Achnanthes lanceolata, Gomphonema kobayasii, G. parvulum var. lagenula) diatoms and Stigeoclonium sp. was greater in these lower San Joaquin River segments.</p><p>5. A weighted-averaging regression model, based on salinity and benthic-algal abundance in the San Joaquin River and segments of its major tributaries within the San Joaquin Valley, yielded a highly significant coefficient-of-determination (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.84) and low prediction error between salinity inferred from the species and that observed, indicating that salinity tolerance is a primary constraint on growth and assembly of the phytobenthos. The same measures of predictability indicated poor performance of a model based on inorganic nitrogen. However, with a greater representation of tributaries (including segments within the Sierra Nevada foothills) in the sample set, an inorganic nitrogen model also yielded a highly significant coefficient-of-determination (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.87) and low prediction error between the species-inferred and the observed concentration. As with the salinity model (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.94) for the enlarged data set, a systematic difference (increased deviation of residuals) existed at high inorganic nitrogen concentrations. These results indicate substantial interaction between salinity and inorganic nitrogen as constraints on the structure of benthic-algal communities of the San Joaquin River basin.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00740.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Leland, H., Brown, L., and Mueller, D., 2001, Distribution of algae in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to nutrient supply, salinity and other environmental factors: Freshwater Biology, v. 46, no. 9, p. 1139-1167, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00740.x.","productDescription":"29","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1167","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00740.x"},{"id":233622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","volume":"46","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02bbe4b0c8380cd501a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, L. R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":66391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, D. K.","contributorId":93525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023062,"text":"70023062 - 2001 - Predictive modeling of flow and transport in a two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale, heterogeneous porous medium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:09:41","indexId":"70023062","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive modeling of flow and transport in a two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale, heterogeneous porous medium","docAbstract":"<p><span>As a first step toward understanding the role of sedimentary structures in flow and transport through porous media, this work deterministically examines how small‐scale laboratory‐measured values of hydraulic conductivity relate to in situ values of simple, artificial structures in an intermediate‐scale (10 m long), two‐dimensional, heterogeneous, laboratory experiment. Results were judged based on how well simulations using measured values of hydraulic conductivities matched measured hydraulic heads, net flow, and transport through the tank. Discrepancies were investigated using sensitivity analysis and nonlinear regression estimates of the in situ hydraulic conductivity that produce the best fit to measured hydraulic heads and net flow. Permeameter and column experiments produced laboratory measurements of hydraulic conductivity for each of the sands used in the intermediate‐scale experiments. Despite explicit numerical representation of the heterogeneity the laboratory‐measured values underestimated net flow by 12–14% and were distinctly smaller than the regression‐estimated values. The significance of differences in measured hydraulic conductivity values was investigated by comparing variability of transport predictions using the different measurement methods to that produced by different realizations of the heterogeneous distribution. Results indicate that the variations in measured hydraulic conductivity were more important to transport than variations between realizations of the heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000242","usgsCitation":"Barth, G.R., Hill, M.C., Illangasekare, T.H., and Rajaram, H., 2001, Predictive modeling of flow and transport in a two‐dimensional intermediate‐scale, heterogeneous porous medium: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 10, p. 2503-2512, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000242.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2503","endPage":"2512","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000242","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8201e4b0c8380cd7b849","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, Gilbert R.","contributorId":15374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Illangasekare, Tissa H.","contributorId":194933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Illangasekare","given":"Tissa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rajaram, Harihar","contributorId":194934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajaram","given":"Harihar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023056,"text":"70023056 - 2001 - Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T17:57:31","indexId":"70023056","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) were captured in three areas of Interior Alaska (USA). Four hundred twenty-five sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus by means of an indirect fluorescent antibody procedure. Serum antibody prevalence averaged 70% (167/240) during the spring collection period and 25% (46/185) during the autumn collection period. Prevalence was 0% (0/42) in the autumn pup cohort (age 4-5 mo), and 60% (58/97) in the spring pup cohort (age 9-10 mo). Prevalence was lowest in the Eastern Interior study area. A statistical model indicates that prevalence increased slightly each year in all three study areas. These results indicate that transmission occurs primarily during the winter months, antibody decay is quite rapid, and reexposure during the summer is rare.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Zarnke, R.L., Evermann, J.F., Ver Hoef, J.M., McNay, M.E., Boertje, R.D., Gardner, C.L., Adams, L., Dale, B.W., and Burch, J.W., 2001, Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 4, p. 740-745, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"740","endPage":"745","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d5de4b08c986b318368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarnke, Randall L.","contributorId":49148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarnke","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evermann, Jim F.","contributorId":87336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evermann","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ver Hoef, Jay M.","contributorId":42504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ver Hoef","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNay, Mark E.","contributorId":68506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNay","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boertje, Rodney D.","contributorId":84953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boertje","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gardner, Craig L.","contributorId":65259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70023054,"text":"70023054 - 2001 - Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:14:56","indexId":"70023054","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory experiments were conducted to study solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated, inclined fractures. Qualitative aspects of solute transport were identified in a miscible dye tracer experiment conducted in a transparent replica of a natural granite fracture. Additional experiments were conducted to measure the breakthrough curves of a conservative tracer introduced into an established preferential flow path in two different fracture replicas and a rock‐replica combination. The influence of gravity was investigated by varying fracture inclination. The relationship between the travel times of the solute and the relative influence of gravity was substantially affected by two modes of intermittent flow that occurred: the snapping rivulet and the pulsating blob modes. The measured travel times of the solute were evaluated with three transfer function models: the axial dispersion, the reactors‐in‐series, and the lognormal models. The three models described the solute travel times nearly equally well. A mechanistic model was also formulated to describe transport when the pulsating blob mode occurred which assumed blobs of water containing solute mixed with residual pools of water along the flow path.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR000093","usgsCitation":"Su, G.W., Geller, J.T., Pruess, K., and Hunt, J.R., 2001, Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 10, p. 2481-2491, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR000093.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2481","endPage":"2491","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr000093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9254e4b08c986b319e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Grace W.","contributorId":145734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Su","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geller, Jil T.","contributorId":124590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geller","given":"Jil","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruess, Karsten","contributorId":145732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruess","given":"Karsten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, James R.","contributorId":150613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023053,"text":"70023053 - 2001 - Forest impact estimated with NOAA AVHRR and landsat TM data related to an empirical hurricane wind-field distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023053","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest impact estimated with NOAA AVHRR and landsat TM data related to an empirical hurricane wind-field distribution","docAbstract":"An empirical model was used to relate forest type and hurricane-impact distribution with wind speed and duration to explain the variation of hurricane damage among forest types along the Atchafalaya River basin of coastal Louisiana. Forest-type distribution was derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper image data, hurricane-impact distribution from a suite of transformed advanced very high resolution radiometer images, and wind speed and duration from a wind-field model. The empirical model explained 73%, 84%, and 87% of the impact variances for open, hardwood, and cypress-tupelo forests, respectively. These results showed that the estimated impact for each forest type was highly related to the duration and speed of extreme winds associated with Hurricane Andrew in 1992. The wind-field model projected that the highest wind speeds were in the southern basin, dominated by cypress-tupelo and open forests, while lower wind speeds were in the northern basin, dominated by hardwood forests. This evidence could explain why, on average, the impact to cypress-tupelos was more severe than to hardwoods, even though cypress-tupelos are less susceptible to wind damage. Further, examination of the relative importance of wind speed in explaining the impact severity to each forest type showed that the impact to hardwood forests was mainly related to tropical-depression to tropical-storm force wind speeds. Impacts to cypress-tupelo and open forests (a mixture of willows and cypress-tupelo) were broadly related to tropical-storm force wind speeds and by wind speeds near and somewhat in excess of hurricane force. Decoupling the importance of duration from speed in explaining the impact severity to the forests could not be fully realized. Most evidence, however, hinted that impact severity was positively related to higher durations at critical wind speeds. Wind-speed intervals, which were important in explaining the impact severity on hardwoods, showed that higher durations, but not the highest wind speeds, were concentrated in the northern basin, dominated by hardwoods. The extreme impacts associated with the cypress-tupelo forests in the southeast corner of the basin intersected the highest durations as well as the highest wind speeds. ?? 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00217-6","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Hodgson, M., Sapkota, S., and Nelson, G., 2001, Forest impact estimated with NOAA AVHRR and landsat TM data related to an empirical hurricane wind-field distribution: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 77, no. 3, p. 279-292, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00217-6.","startPage":"279","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00217-6"},{"id":233469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1333e4b0c8380cd54568","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgson, M.E.","contributorId":21032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapkota, S.K.","contributorId":24434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, G.A.","contributorId":17687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023050,"text":"70023050 - 2001 - Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:58:34","indexId":"70023050","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades","docAbstract":"Negatively charged functional groups of fulvic acid compete with inorganic sulfide ion for mercury ion binding. This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid. Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant to quantify fulvic acid and sulfide ion competition for dissolved inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) ion binding. Speciation calculations done with PHREEQC, modified to use the estimated mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant, suggest that mercury-fulvic acid and mercury-sulfide complex concentrations are equivalent for very low sulfide ion concentrations (about 10-11 M) in Everglades' surface water. Where measurable total sulfide concentration (about 10-7 M or greater) is present in Everglades' surface water, mercury-sulfide complexes should dominate dissolved inorganic mercury solution speciation. In the absence of sulfide ion (for example, in oxygenated Everglades' surface water), fulvic acid binding should dominate Everglades' dissolved inorganic mercury speciation.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012073503678","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M.M., and Aiken, G., 2001, Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 132, no. 1-2, p. 89-104, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012073503678.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a140ee4b0c8380cd548ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":209531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023049,"text":"70023049 - 2001 - Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T17:57:49.126068","indexId":"70023049","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) investigation on Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is aimed at determining (1) the composition of surface minerals, rocks, and ices; (2) the temperature and dynamics of the atmosphere; (3) the properties of the atmospheric aerosols and clouds; (4) the nature of the polar regions; and (5) the thermophysical properties of the surface materials. These objectives are met using an infrared (5.8- to 50-μm) interferometric spectrometer, along with broadband thermal (5.1- to 150-μm) and visible/near-IR (0.3- to 2.9-μm) radiometers. The MGS TES instrument weighs 14.47 kg, consumes 10.6 W when operating, and is 23.6×35.5×40.0 cm in size. The TES data are calibrated to a 1-σ precision of 2.5</span><sup>−6</sup><span>×10</span><sup>−8</sup><span>&nbsp;W cm</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;sr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>/cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, 1.6×10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>&nbsp;W cm</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;sr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and ∼0.5 K in the spectrometer, visible/near-IR bolometer, and IR bolometer, respectively. These instrument subsections are calibrated to an absolute accuracy of ∼4×10</span><sup>−8</sup><span>&nbsp;W cm</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;sr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>/cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(0.5 K at 280 K), 1–2%, and ∼1–2 K, respectively. Global mapping of surface mineralogy at a spatial resolution of 3 km has shown the following: (1) The mineralogic composition of dark regions varies from basaltic, primarily plagioclase feldspar and clinopyroxene, in the ancient, southern highlands to andesitic, dominated by plagioclase feldspar and volcanic glass, in the younger northern plains. (2) Aqueous mineralization has produced gray, crystalline hematite in limited regions under ambient or hydrothermal conditions; these deposits are interpreted to be in-place sedimentary rock formations and indicate that liquid water was stable near the surface for a long period of time. (3) There is no evidence for large-scale (tens of kilometers) occurrences of moderate-grained (&gt;50-μm) carbonates exposed at the surface at a detection limit of ∼10%. (4) Unweathered volcanic minerals dominate the spectral properties of dark regions, and weathering products, such as clays, have not been observed anywhere above a detection limit of ∼10%; this lack of evidence for chemical weathering indicates a geologic history dominated by a cold, dry climate in which mechanical, rather than chemical, weathering was the significant form of erosion and sediment production. (5) There is no conclusive evidence for sulfate minerals at a detection limit of ∼15%. The polar region has been studied with the following major conclusions: (1) Condensed CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;has three distinct end-members, from fine-grained crystals to slab ice. (2) The growth and retreat of the polar caps observed by MGS is virtually the same as observed by Viking 12 Martian years ago. (3) Unique regions have been identified that appear to differ primarily in the grain size of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>; one south polar region appears to remain as black slab CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;ice throughout its sublimation. (4) Regional atmospheric dust is common in localized and regional dust storms around the margin and interior of the southern cap. Analysis of the thermophysical properties of the surface shows that (1) the spatial pattern of albedo has changed since Viking observations, (2) a unique cluster of surface materials with intermediate inertia and albedo occurs that is distinct from the previously identified low-inertia/bright and high-inertia/dark surfaces, and (3) localized patches of high-inertia material have been found in topographic lows and may have been formed by a unique set of aeolian, fluvial, or erosional processes or may be exposed bedrock.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001370","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Christensen, P.R., Bandfield, J., Hamilton, V., Ruff, S.W., Kieffer, H.H., Titus, T., Malin, M.C., Morris, R., Lane, M.D., Clark, R., Jakosky, B., Mellon, M.T., Pearl, J., Conrath, B., Smith, M.D., Clancy, R., Kuzmin, R., Roush, T., Mehall, G., Gorelick, N., Bender, K., Murray, K., Dason, S., Greene, E., Silverman, S., and Greenfield, M., 2001, Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E10, p. 23823-23871, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001370.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"23823","endPage":"23871","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"106","issue":"E10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a520fe4b0c8380cd6c11d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandfield, J. L.","contributorId":59990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, V.E.","contributorId":92024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Titus, T.N.","contributorId":102615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lane, M. D.","contributorId":94826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, R.L.","contributorId":106767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jakosky, B. M.","contributorId":103003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakosky","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mellon, M. T.","contributorId":82833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pearl, J.C.","contributorId":45074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Conrath, B.J.","contributorId":34286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrath","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Clancy, R.T.","contributorId":61595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clancy","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.O.","contributorId":14932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Roush, T.","contributorId":76445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Mehall, G.L.","contributorId":9435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehall","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Gorelick, N.","contributorId":78131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Bender, K.","contributorId":105483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Murray, K.","contributorId":69792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Dason, S.","contributorId":33997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dason","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Greene, E.","contributorId":19852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Silverman, S.","contributorId":17231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Greenfield, M.","contributorId":19853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenfield","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}}
,{"id":70023042,"text":"70023042 - 2001 - 1D numerical model of muddy subaqueous and subaerial debris flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70023042","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"1D numerical model of muddy subaqueous and subaerial debris flows","docAbstract":"A 1D numerical model of the downslope flow and deposition of muddy subaerial and subaqueous debris flows is presented. The model incorporates the Herschel-Bulkley and bilinear rheologies of viscoplastic fluid. The more familiar Bingham model is integrated into the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model. The conservation equations of mass and momentum of single-phase laminar debris flow are layer-integrated using the slender flow approximation. They are then expressed in a Lagrangian framework and solved numerically using an explicit finite difference scheme. Starting from a given initial shape, a debris flow is allowed to collapse and propagate over a specified topography. Comparison between the model predictions and laboratory experiments shows reasonable agreement. The model is used to study the effect of the ambient fluid density, initial shape of the failed mass, and rheological model on the simulated propagation of the front and runout characteristics of muddy debris flows. It is found that initial failure shape influence the front velocity but has little bearing on the final deposit shape. In the Bingham model, the excess of shear stress above the yield strength is proportional to the strain rate to the first power. This exponent is free to vary in the Herschel-Bulkley model. When it is set at a value lower than unity, the resulting final deposits are thicker and shorter than in the case of the Bingham rheology. The final deposit resulting from the bilinear model is longer and thinner than that from the Bingham model due to the fact that the debris flow is allowed to act as a Newtonian fluid at low shear rate in the bilinear model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(959)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Imran, J., Parker, G., Locat, J., and Lee, H., 2001, 1D numerical model of muddy subaqueous and subaerial debris flows: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 127, no. 11, p. 959-968, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(959).","startPage":"959","endPage":"968","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(959)"}],"volume":"127","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e242e4b0c8380cd45a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imran, J.","contributorId":44322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imran","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locat, J.","contributorId":56392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023040,"text":"70023040 - 2001 - River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023040","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","docAbstract":"An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit for transport of water to the outlet in a large basin. Mass exponents, which characterize the power-law behavior of moments as a function of scale, are ideally suited for defining scaling behavior of processes that exhibit a high degree of variability or intermittency. The main result in this paper is an expression relating the mass exponent of flow resulting from an instantaneous burst of rainfall to the mass exponents of spatial rainfall and that of the network width function. Spatial rainfall is modeled as a random multiplicative cascade and the channel network as a recursive replacement tree; these fractal models reproduce certain types of self-similar behavior seen in actual rainfall and networks. It is shown that under these modeling assumptions the scaling behavior of flow mirrors that of rainfall if rainfall is highly variable in space, and on the other hand flow mirrors the structure of the network if rainfall is not so highly variable. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., and Over, T., 2001, River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall: Advances in Water Resources, v. 24, no. 9-10, p. 967-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8.","startPage":"967","endPage":"989","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208222,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8"},{"id":233805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadaee4b0c8380cd86f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Over, T.M.","contributorId":35918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023036,"text":"70023036 - 2001 - A model for lignin alteration - Part II: Numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023036","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for lignin alteration - Part II: Numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado","docAbstract":"The model presented here simulates a network of parallel and sequential reactions that describe the structural and chemical transformation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter (SOM) and the resulting generation of mobile species from shallow burial to approximately low-volatile bituminous rank. The model is calibrated to the Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork Formation coal of the Piceance Basin at the Multi-Well Experiment (MWX) Site, assuming this coal is largely derived from lignin. The model calculates the content of functional groups on the residual molecular species, C, H, and O elemental weight percents of the residual species, and moles of residual molecular species and mobile species (including components of natural gas) through time. The model is generally more sensitive to initial molecular structure of the lignin-derived molecule and the H2O content of the system than to initial temperature, as the former affect the fundamental reaction paths. The model is used to estimate that a total of 314 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of methane is generated by the Williams Fork coal over the basin history. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00081-X","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Payne, D., and Ortoleva, P., 2001, A model for lignin alteration - Part II: Numerical model of natural gas generation and application to the Piceance Basin, Western Colorado: Organic Geochemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1087-1101, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00081-X.","startPage":"1087","endPage":"1101","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208192,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00081-X"},{"id":233730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46ae4b0c8380cd4664f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, D.F.","contributorId":15232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortoleva, P.J.","contributorId":59992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortoleva","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023028,"text":"70023028 - 2001 - Geochemical evidence for mudstone as the possible major oil source rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023028","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for mudstone as the possible major oil source rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China","docAbstract":"Geologists and geochemists have debated whether hydrocarbons from Jurassic coal measures are derived from the mudstones or the coals themselves. This paper identifies mudstones as the possible major source rock of hydrocarbons in the Jurassic basins in Northwest China. The Turpan Basin is used as a representative model. Mudstones in the Middle-Lower Jurassic are very well developed in the basin and have an average genetic potential from 2 to 4 mg/g. The vitrinite reflectance of the source rocks ranges from 0.6 to 1.3%, exhibiting sufficient thermal maturity to generate oil and gas. Biomarkers in crude oils from the basin are similar to those in mudstones from the coal-bearing strata, with a low tricyclic terpane (cheilanthane) content, a relatively high content of low carbon number (less than C22) tricyclic terpanes and a low content of high carbon number tricyclic terpanes, relatively high ratios of Ts/Tm, and C29 Ts/17?? (H)-C29 norhopane, and low ratios of Tm/17?? (H)-C30 hopane and 17?? (H)-C31 homohopane/17?? (H)-C30 hopane. These characteristics and the distribution of steranes and terpanes in the crude oil and mudstone differ significantly from those of the Jurassic coals and carbonaceous shales of the basin, indicating mudstone is possibly the major source rock of the oils in the Turpan Basin. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00076-6","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., Qin, Y., Huff, B., Wang, D., Han, D., and Huang, D., 2001, Geochemical evidence for mudstone as the possible major oil source rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China: Organic Geochemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1103-1125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00076-6.","startPage":"1103","endPage":"1125","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00076-6"},{"id":233619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1630e4b0c8380cd550a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, J.","contributorId":104634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qin, Yelun","contributorId":51569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qin","given":"Yelun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huff, B.G.","contributorId":84228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, D.","contributorId":13384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Han, D.","contributorId":23740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huang, D.","contributorId":46845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023027,"text":"70023027 - 2001 - A model for lignin alteration - Part I: A kinetic reaction-network model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023027","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for lignin alteration - Part I: A kinetic reaction-network model","docAbstract":"A new quantitative model is presented which simulates the maturation of lignin-derived sedimentary organic matter under geologic conditions. In this model, compositionally specific reactants evolve to specific intermediate and mobile products through balanced, nth order processes, by way of a network of sequential and parallel reactions. The chemical kinetic approach is based primarily on published observed structural transformations of naturally matured, lignin-derived, sedimentary organic matter. Assuming that Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork coal in the Piceance Basin is primarily lignin-derived, the model is calibrated for the Multi-Well Experiment(MWX) Site in this basin. This kind of approach may be applied to other selectively preserved chemical components of sedimentary organic matter. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00080-8","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Payne, D., and Ortoleva, P., 2001, A model for lignin alteration - Part I: A kinetic reaction-network model: Organic Geochemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1073-1085, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00080-8.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1085","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00080-8"},{"id":233585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46ae4b0c8380cd4664c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, D.F.","contributorId":15232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortoleva, P.J.","contributorId":59992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortoleva","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023900,"text":"70023900 - 2001 - Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023900","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife","docAbstract":"Wildlife management is limited by uncontrolled and often unrecognized environmental variation, by limited capabilities to observe and control animal populations, and by a lack of understanding about the biological processes driving population dynamics. In this paper I describe a comprehensive framework for management that includes multiple models and likelihood values to account for structural uncertainty, along with stochastic factors to account for environmental variation, random sampling, and partial controllability. Adaptive optimization is developed in terms of the optimal control of incompletely understood populations, with the expected value of perfect information measuring the potential for improving control through learning. The framework for optimal adaptive control is generalized by including partial observability and non-adaptive, sample-based updating of model likelihoods. Passive adaptive management is derived as a special case of constrained adaptive optimization, representing a potentially efficient suboptimal alternative that nonetheless accounts for structural uncertainty.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1011395725123","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 2001, Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 8, no. 3, p. 269-288, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011395725123.","startPage":"269","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207181,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011395725123"},{"id":231895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc28e4b08c986b328a8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023025,"text":"70023025 - 2001 - An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Republican River Basin: 1997-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:05:44","indexId":"70023025","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Republican River Basin: 1997-1999","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Republican River Basin of Colorado,Nebraska, and Kansas lies in a valley which contains PierreShale as part of its geological substrata. Selenium is anindigenous constituent in the shale and is readily leached intosurrounding groundwater. The Basin is heavily irrigated throughthe pumping of groundwater, some of which is selenium-contaminated, onto fields in agricultural production. Water,sediment, benthic invertebrates, and/or fish were collected from46 sites in the Basin and were analyzed for selenium to determinethe potential for food-chain bioaccumulation, dietary toxicity,and reproductive effects of selenium in biota. Resultingselenium concentrations were compared to published guidelines orbiological effects thresholds. Water from 38% of the sites (n = 18) contained selenium concentrations exceeding 5 μg L</span><sup>-1</sup><span>, which is reported to be a high hazard for selenium accumulation into the planktonic food chain. An additional 12 sites (26% of the sites) contained selenium in water between 3–5 μg L</span><sup>-1</sup><span>, constituting a moderate hazard. Selenium concentrations in sedimentindicated little to no hazard for selenium accumulation fromsediments into the benthic food chain. Ninety-five percent ofbenthic invertebrates collected exhibited selenium concentrationsexceeding 3 μg g</span><sup>-1</sup><span>, a level reported as potentially lethal to fish and birds that consume them. Seventy-five percent of fish collected in 1997, 90% in 1998, and 64% in 1999 exceeded 4 μg g</span><sup>-1</sup><span>selenium, indicating a high potential for toxicity andreproductive effects. However, examination of weight profilesof various species of collected individual fish suggestedsuccessful recruitment in spite of selenium concentrations thatexceeded published biological effects thresholds for health andreproductive success. This finding suggested that universalapplication of published guidelines for selenium may beinappropriate or at least may need refinement for systems similarto the Republican River Basin. Additional research is needed todetermine the true impact of selenium on fish and wildliferesources in the Basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012041003657","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"May, T., Walther, M., Petty, J.D., Fairchild, J., Lucero, J., Delvaux, M., Manring, J., Armbruster, M., and Hartman, D., 2001, An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Republican River Basin: 1997-1999: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 72, no. 2, p. 179-206, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012041003657.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208106,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012041003657"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea51e4b0c8380cd4879d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walther, M.J.","contributorId":107941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walther","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lucero, J.","contributorId":22157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucero","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Delvaux, M.","contributorId":94866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delvaux","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Manring, J.","contributorId":11418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manring","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Armbruster, M.","contributorId":76554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hartman, D.","contributorId":46369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
]}