{"pageNumber":"1182","pageRowStart":"29525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40894,"records":[{"id":70023762,"text":"70023762 - 2001 - Statistical self-similarity of hotspot seamount volumes modeled as self-similar criticality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023762","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical self-similarity of hotspot seamount volumes modeled as self-similar criticality","docAbstract":"The processes responsible for hotspot seamount formation are complex, yet the cumulative frequency-volume distribution of hotspot seamounts in the Easter Island/Salas y Gomez Chain (ESC) is found to be well-described by an upper-truncated power law. We develop a model for hotspot seamount formation where uniform energy input produces events initiated on a self-similar distribution of critical cells. We call this model Self-Similar Criticality (SSC). By allowing the spatial distribution of magma migration to be self-similar, the SSC model recreates the observed ESC seamount volume distribution. The SSC model may have broad applicability to other natural systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL012748","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Tebbens, S., Burroughs, S., Barton, C., and Naar, D., 2001, Statistical self-similarity of hotspot seamount volumes modeled as self-similar criticality: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 14, p. 2711-2714, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012748.","startPage":"2711","endPage":"2714","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479000,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012748","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207369,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012748"},{"id":232267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9743e4b08c986b31b9aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tebbens, S.F.","contributorId":51803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tebbens","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burroughs, S.M.","contributorId":105475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burroughs","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barton, C.C.","contributorId":93063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naar, D. F.","contributorId":80434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naar","given":"D. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023764,"text":"70023764 - 2001 - The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T21:58:01.488547","indexId":"70023764","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1166,"text":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"Decades of quantitative measurement indicate that roots can mechanically reinforce shallow soils in forested landscapes. Forests, however, have variations in vegetation species and age which can dominate the local stability of landslide-initiation sites. To assess the influence of this variability on root cohesion we examined scarps of landslides triggered during large storms in February and November of 1996 in the Oregon Coast Range and hand-dug soil pits on stable ground. At 41 sites we estimated the cohesive reinforcement to soil due to roots by determining the tensile strength, species, depth, orientation, relative health, and the density of roots ![\"\"](\"https://cdnsciencepub.com/cms/10.1139/t01-031/asset/images/gr.gif\")
1 mm in diameter within a measured soil area. We found that median lateral root cohesion ranges from 6.8–23.2 kPa in industrial forests with significant understory and deciduous vegetation to 25.6–94.3 kPa in natural forests dominated by coniferous vegetation. Lateral root cohesion in clearcuts is uniformly ![\"\"](\"https://cdnsciencepub.com/cms/10.1139/t01-031/asset/images/ls.gif\")
10 kPa. Some 100-year-old industrial forests have species compositions, lateral root cohesion, and root diameters that more closely resemble 10-year-old clearcuts than natural forests. As such, the influence of root cohesion variability on landslide susceptibility cannot be determined solely from broad age classifications or extrapolated from the presence of one species of vegetation. Furthermore, the anthropogenic disturbance legacy modifies root cohesion for at least a century and should be considered when comparing contemporary landslide rates from industrial forests with geologic background rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cgj-38-5-995","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, K., Roering, J.J., Stock, J., Dietrich, W.E., Montgomery, D.R., and Schaub, T., 2001, The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 38, no. 5, p. 995-1024, https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-38-5-995.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"995","endPage":"1024","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LVVD9S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Root thread strength, landslide headscarp geometry, and observed root characteristics at the monitored CB1 landslide, Oregon, USA"},{"id":232308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 43.31718491566705\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 43.31718491566705\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 45.282617057517406\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 45.282617057517406\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 43.31718491566705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1b2e4b08c986b3253ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roering, J. J.","contributorId":22533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roering","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stock, J. D. 0000-0001-8565-3577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-3577","contributorId":79998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietrich, W. E.","contributorId":47538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaub, T.","contributorId":59206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaub","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023765,"text":"70023765 - 2001 - Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T12:31:08","indexId":"70023765","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water","docAbstract":"Ground-water sampling techniques were modified to reduce random low-level contamination during collection of filtered water samples for determination of trace-element concentrations. The modified sampling techniques were first used in New Jersey by the US Geological Survey in 1994 along with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis to determine the concentrations of 18 trace elements at the one microgram-per-liter (μg/L) level in the oxic water of the unconfined sand and gravel Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. The revised technique tested included a combination of the following: collection of samples (1) with flow rates of about 2L per minute, (2) through acid-washed single-use disposable tubing and (3) a single-use disposable 0.45-μm pore size capsule filter, (4) contained within portable glove boxes, (5) in a dedicated clean sampling van, (6) only after turbidity stabilized at values less than 2 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), when possible. Quality-assurance data, obtained from equipment blanks and split samples, indicated that trace element concentrations, with the exception of iron, chromium, aluminum, and zinc, measured in the samples collected in 1994 were not subject to random contamination at 1μg/L.Results from samples collected in 1994 were compared to those from samples collected in 1991 from the same 12 PVC-cased observation wells using the available sampling and analytical techniques at that time. Concentrations of copper, lead, manganese and zinc were statistically significantly lower in samples collected in 1994 than in 1991. Sampling techniques used in 1994 likely provided trace-element data that represented concentrations in the aquifer with less bias than data from 1991 when samples were collected without the same degree of attention to sample handling.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Ivahnenko, T., Szabo, Z., and Gibs, J., 2001, Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water: Water Research, v. 35, no. 15, p. 3611-3624, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X.","startPage":"3611","endPage":"3624","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X"}],"volume":"35","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f423e4b0c8380cd4bb79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivahnenko, T.","contributorId":20495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibs, J.","contributorId":91632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023768,"text":"70023768 - 2001 - Salt diapirs in the Dead Sea basin and their relationship to Quaternary extensional tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:16:30","indexId":"70023768","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salt diapirs in the Dead Sea basin and their relationship to Quaternary extensional tectonics","docAbstract":"Regional extension of a brittle overburden and underlying salt causes differential loading that is thought to initiate the rise of reactive diapirs below and through regions of thin overburden. We present a modern example of a large salt diapir in the Dead Sea pull-apart basin, the Lisan diapir, which we believe was formed during the Quaternary due to basin transtension and subsidence. Using newly released seismic data that are correlated to several deep wells, we determine the size of the diapir to be 13 x 10 km. its maximum depth 7.2 km. and its roof 125 m below the surface. From seismic stratigraphy, we infer that the diapir started rising during the early to middle Pleistocene as this section of the basin underwater rapid subsidence and significant extension of the overburden. During the middle to late Pleistocene, the diapir pierced through the extensionally thinned overburden, as indicated by rim synclines, which attest to rapid salt withdrawal from the surrounding regions. Slight positive topography above the diapir and shallow folded horizons indicate that it is still rising intermittently. The smaller Sedom diapir, exposed along the western bounding fault of the basin is presently rising and forms a 200 m-high ridge. Its initiation is explained by localized E-W extension due monoclinal draping over the edge of a rapidly subsiding basin during the early to middle Pleistocene, and its continued rise by lateral squeezing due to continued rotation of the Amazyahu diagonal fault.
","largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0264-8172(01)00031-9","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Al-Zoubi, A., and ten Brink, U., 2001, Salt diapirs in the Dead Sea basin and their relationship to Quaternary extensional tectonics: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 18, no. 7, p. 779-797, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(01)00031-9.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"797","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Dead Sea basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.17547607421875,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n 35.7659912109375,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n 35.7659912109375,\n 31.949831760406877\n ],\n [\n 35.17547607421875,\n 31.949831760406877\n ],\n [\n 35.17547607421875,\n 30.826780904779774\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab01be4b0c8380cd87936","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Zoubi, A.","contributorId":76910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Zoubi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023781,"text":"70023781 - 2001 - Reproductive ecology and demography of the 'Akohekohe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T13:44:11","indexId":"70023781","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive ecology and demography of the 'Akohekohe","docAbstract":"The ‘Ākohekohe (Palmeria dolei) is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to the montane rain forests of east Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. We investigated ‘Ākohekohe nesting ecology using color-banded birds for the first time as a background to understanding the species' conservation. From 1994–1997, we color-banded 78 individuals, located and monitored 46 active nests, and took behavioral data during 534 hr of nest observation at Hanawī Natural Area Reserve, near the center of the species' range. ‘Ākohekohe nesting behavior and life history closely resembled that of ‘Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and related honeycreepers. The birds were monogamous within and among years, and we found no evidence of polyandry, polygyny, or helpers at the nest. The nesting season extended from November to early June. Females performed all incubation and brooding. Males provisioned females and nestlings, and they were more active than females in feeding fledglings during the two-week period of parental dependency. Modal clutch size, as determined from egg counts at three nests and by counting begging chicks at other nests, was two eggs, and parents frequently fledged two chicks. We found an overall nest success rate of 68% by the Mayfield method, a high rate compared with other Hawaiian honeycreepers and continental passerines. An average of 1.1 chicks fledged per active nest, and at least 42% of nesting pairs made two or more nesting attempts per season. Rats (Rattus spp.) were abundant at the study site, and we confirmed their depredating some ‘Ākohekohe nests, so we did not expect to find such a high rate of nest success. The estimated annual probability of adult survival was also high, at 0.95 ± 0.10 (SE).
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Onithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0736:READOT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Simon, J.C., Pratt, T.K., Berlin, K.E., and Kowalsky, J.R., 2001, Reproductive ecology and demography of the 'Akohekohe: Condor, v. 103, no. 4, p. 736-745, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0736:READOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"745","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0736:readot]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8cae4b0c8380cd85a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, John C.","contributorId":71673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berlin, Kim E.","contributorId":70522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kowalsky, James R.","contributorId":54707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalsky","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023782,"text":"70023782 - 2001 - In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:43:33","indexId":"70023782","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination","docAbstract":"In situ stimulation of denitrification has been proposed as a mechanism to remediate groundwater nitrate contamination. In this study, sodium formate was added to a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, to test whether formate could serve as a potential electron donor for subsurface denitrification. During 16- and 10-day trials, groundwater from an anoxic nitrate-containing zone (0.5-1.5 mM) was continuously withdrawn, amended with formate and bromide, and pumped back into the aquifer. Concentrations of groundwater constituents were monitored in multilevel samplers after up to 15 m of transport by natural gradient flow. Nitrate and formate concentrations were decreased 80-100% and 60-70%, respectively, with time and subsequent travel distance, while nitrite concentrations inversely increased. The field experiment breakthrough curves were simulated with a two-dimensional site-specific model that included transport, denitrification, and microbial growth. Initial values for model parameters were obtained from laboratory incubations with aquifer core material and then refined to fit field breakthrough curves. The model and the lab results indicated that formate-enhanced nitrite reduction was nearly 4-fold slower than nitrate reduction, but in the lab, nitrite was completely consumed with sufficient exposure time. Results of this study suggest that a long-term injection of formate is necessary to test the remediation potential of this approach for nitrate contamination and that adaptation to nitrite accumulation will be a key determinative factor.In situ stimulation of denitrification has been proposed as a mechanism to remediate groundwater nitrate contamination. In this study, sodium formate was added to a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, to test whether formate could serve as a potential electron donor for subsurface denitrification. During 16- and 10-day trials, groundwater from an anoxic nitrate-containing zone (0.5-1.5 mM) was continuously withdrawn, amended with formate and bromide, and pumped back into the aquifer. Concentrations of groundwater constituents were monitored in multilevel samplers after up to 15 m of transport by natural gradient flow. Nitrate and formate concentrations were decreased 80-100% and 60-70%, respectively, with time and subsequent travel distance, while nitrite concentrations inversely increased. The field experiment breakthrough curves were simulated with a two-dimensional site-specific model that included transport, denitrification, and microbial growth. Initial values for model parameters were obtained from laboratory incubations with aquifer core material and then refined to fit field breakthrough curves. The model and the lab results indicated that formate-enhanced nitrite reduction was nearly 4-fold slower than nitrate reduction, but in the lab, nitrite was completely consumed with sufficient exposure time. Results of this study suggest that a long-term injection of formate is necessary to test the remediation potential of this approach for nitrate contamination and that adaptation to nitrite accumulation will be a key determinative factor.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es001360p","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Miller, D., Brooks, M.H., Widdowson, M., and Killingstad, M., 2001, In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 196-203, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001360p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"196","endPage":"203","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001360p"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39abe4b0c8380cd619da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, D.N.","contributorId":36324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Widdowson, M.A.","contributorId":46262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Killingstad, M.W.","contributorId":105478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killingstad","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023784,"text":"70023784 - 2001 - Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023784","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish","docAbstract":"Determining the importance of prey taxa in the diets of predacious species is a frequent objective in fisheries research. Various indices of prey importance are in common use, and all give different results because of their emphasis on different aspects of fish diets. We explored these differences by empirically comparing four well-known indices-percent weight (%W), percent occurrence (%O), percent number (%N), and percent index of relative importance (%IRI)-as well as a modified %IRI (%MIRI), as applied to an extensive data set on the diets of six fish species in Spirit Lake, Iowa. Correlations among all indices were positive but were weaker among component indices (%W, %O, and %N) than between the two compound indices (%IRI and %MIRI); correlations among component indices were also weaker than correlations of compound with component indices. Correlation strength of %MIRI with the three component indices varied greatly (%N %O %W), whereas the correlation strength of %IRI with component indices was similar. Importance values based on %W, %MIRI, and %N depend more on prey size than those based on %IRI and %O. The %W and %MIRI emphasized the importance of large prey taxa, whereas %N emphasized small prey in diets; %IRI and %O were similarly unbiased with respect to prey size. The %O yielded substantially higher importance values than all other indices. Thus, for use as a general index of dietary importance, we believe %IRI provides the optimal balancing of frequency of occurrence, numerical abundance, and abundance by weight of taxa in fish diets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0583:EAOIOP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Liao, H., Pierce, C., and Larscheid, J.G., 2001, Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 130, no. 4, p. 583-591, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0583:EAOIOP>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"583","endPage":"591","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487463,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/116","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207548,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0583:EAOIOP>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0905e4b0c8380cd51d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liao, H.","contributorId":42752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larscheid, J. G.","contributorId":11796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larscheid","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023890,"text":"70023890 - 2001 - Crustal structure and tectonics from the Los Angeles basin to the Mojave Desert, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T16:59:18.105681","indexId":"70023890","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure and tectonics from the Los Angeles basin to the Mojave Desert, southern California","docAbstract":"A seismic refraction and low-fold reflection survey, known as the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), was conducted along a transect (line 1) extending from Seal Beach, California, to the Mojave Desert, crossing the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley basins and San Gabriel Mountains. The chief result of this survey is an interpreted cross section that addresses a number of questions regarding the crustal structure and tectonics of southern California that have been debated for decades and have important implications for earthquake hazard assessment. The results (or constraints) are as follows. (1) The maximum depth of the Los Angeles basin along line 1 is 8–9 km. (2) The deep structure of the Sierra Madre fault zone in the northern San Gabriel Valley is as follows. The Duarte branch of the Sierra Madre fault zone forms a buried, 2.5-km-high, moderately north dipping buttress between the sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the San Gabriel Valley and the igneous and metamorphic rocks of the San Gabriel Mountains. (For deeper structure, see following.) (3) There are active crustal décollements in southern California. At middle-crustal depths, the Sierra Madre fault zone appears to sole into a master décollement that terminates northward at the San Andreas fault and projects southward beneath the San Gabriel Valley to the Puente Hills blind thrust fault. (4) The dip and depth extent of the San Andreas fault along line 1 dips steeply (∼83°) northward and extends to at least the Moho. (5) The subsurface lateral extent of the Pelona Schist in southern California is as follows. Along line 1, the Pelona Schist underlies much, if not all of the San Gabriel Mountains south of the San Andreas fault to middle-crustal depths. North of the San Andreas fault, it is apparently not present along the transect.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0015:CSATFT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G., Ryberg, T., Godfrey, N.J., Okaya, D.A., and Murphy, J., 2001, Crustal structure and tectonics from the Los Angeles basin to the Mojave Desert, southern California: Geology, v. 29, no. 1, p. 15-18, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0015:CSATFT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles Basin, Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.63012695312499,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -116.96044921875,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -116.96044921875,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -119.63012695312499,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -119.63012695312499,\n 33.715201644740844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fce6e4b0c8380cd4e4d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godfrey, N. J.","contributorId":12866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, D. A.","contributorId":64280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023900,"text":"70023900 - 2001 - Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023900","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife","docAbstract":"Wildlife management is limited by uncontrolled and often unrecognized environmental variation, by limited capabilities to observe and control animal populations, and by a lack of understanding about the biological processes driving population dynamics. In this paper I describe a comprehensive framework for management that includes multiple models and likelihood values to account for structural uncertainty, along with stochastic factors to account for environmental variation, random sampling, and partial controllability. Adaptive optimization is developed in terms of the optimal control of incompletely understood populations, with the expected value of perfect information measuring the potential for improving control through learning. The framework for optimal adaptive control is generalized by including partial observability and non-adaptive, sample-based updating of model likelihoods. Passive adaptive management is derived as a special case of constrained adaptive optimization, representing a potentially efficient suboptimal alternative that nonetheless accounts for structural uncertainty.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1011395725123","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 2001, Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 8, no. 3, p. 269-288, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011395725123.","startPage":"269","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207181,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011395725123"},{"id":231895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc28e4b08c986b328a8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023960,"text":"70023960 - 2001 - Marine chemistry of the permian phosphoria formation and basin, Southeast Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023960","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine chemistry of the permian phosphoria formation and basin, Southeast Idaho","docAbstract":"Major components in the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation are apatite, dolomite, calcite, organic matter, and biogenic silica-a marine fraction; and aluminosilicate quartz debris-a terrigenous fraction. Samples from Enoch Valley, in southeast Idaho, have major element oxide abundances of Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, and TiO2 that closely approach the composition of the world shale average. Factor analysis further identifies the partitioning of several trace elements-Ba, Ga, Li, Sc, and Th and, at other sites in southeast Idaho and western Wyoming, B, Co, Cs, Hf, Rb, and Ta-totally into this fraction. Trace elements that fail to show such correlations or factor loadings include Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se, the rare earth elements (REE), U, V, and Zn. Their terrigenous contribution is determined from minimum values of trace elements versus the terrigenous fraction. These minima too define trace element concentrations in the terrigenous fraction that approximately equal their concentrations in the world shale average. The marine fraction of trace elements represents the difference between the bulk trace element content of a sample and the terrigenous contribution. Of the trace elements enriched above a terrigenous contribution, Ag, Cr, Cu, Mo, and Se show strong loadings on the factor with an organic matter loading and U and the REE on the factor with a strong apatite loading. Cd, Ni, V, and Zn do not show a strong correlation with any of the marine components but are, nonetheless, strongly enriched above a terrigenous contribution. Interelement relationships between the trace elements identify two seawater sources-planktonic debris and basinal bottom water. Relationships between Cd, Cu, Mo, Zn, and possibly Ni and Se suggest a solely biogenic source. Their accumulation rates, and that of PO3-4, further identify the level of primary productivity as having been moderate and the residence time of water in the basin at 4.5 yr. Enrichments of Cr, U, V, and the REE, above both terrigenous and biogenic contributions, define bottom-water redox conditions as having been oxygen depleted, that is, denitrifying but not sulfate reducing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/96.3.599","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., 2001, Marine chemistry of the permian phosphoria formation and basin, Southeast Idaho: Economic Geology, v. 96, no. 3, p. 599-620, https://doi.org/10.2113/96.3.599.","startPage":"599","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/96.3.599"},{"id":231555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51d1e4b0c8380cd6bf63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023962,"text":"70023962 - 2001 - Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023962","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays","docAbstract":"Compositional layering of the midmantle has been proposed to account for seismic and geochemical patterns [van der Hilst and Karason, 1999], and inferred radiogenic heat source concentrations [Kellogg et al., 1999]. Compositional layering would require thermal boundary layers both above and below an interface. We construct a minimal 1-D model of a mid-mantle boundary consistent with the observed nearly adiabatic compressional velocity structure [Dziewonksi and Anderson, 1981] and the proposed high heat flow from the lower mantle [Albarede and van der Hilst, 1999; Kellogg et al., 1999]. Ray tracing and reflectivity synthetic seismograms show that a distinct triplication is predicted for short-period P waves. Although topography on a boundary would cause uncertainty in the strength and the range of the triplication, many clear observations would be expected. We examine data from the US West Coast regional networks in the most likely distance range of 60?? to 70?? for a 1770-km-depth boundary, and find no evidence for P wave triplications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL012428","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Vidale, J., Schubert, G., and Earle, P., 2001, Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 5, p. 859-862, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012428.","startPage":"859","endPage":"862","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487336,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012428","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012428"},{"id":231595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf4e4b08c986b328e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidale, J.E.","contributorId":55849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schubert, G.","contributorId":51679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earle, P.S.","contributorId":17011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023970,"text":"70023970 - 2001 - Relating nitrogen sources and aquifer susceptibility to nitrate in shallow ground waters of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:19:37.711965","indexId":"70023970","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating nitrogen sources and aquifer susceptibility to nitrate in shallow ground waters of the United States","docAbstract":"Characteristics of nitrogen loading and aquifer susceptibility to contamination were evaluated to determine their influence on contamination of shallow ground water by nitrate. A set of 13 explanatory variables was derived from these characteristics, and variables that have a significant influence were identified using logistic regression (LR). Multivariate LR models based on more than 900 sampled wells predicted the probability of exceeding 4 mg/L of nitrate in ground water. The final LR model consists of the following variables: (1) nitrogen fertilizer loading (p-value = 0.012); (2) percent cropland-pasture (p < 0.001); (3) natural log of population density (p < 0.001); (4) percent well-drained soils (p = 0.002); (5) depth to the seasonally high water table (p = 0.001); and (6) presence or absence of a fracture zone within an aquifer (p = 0.002). Variables 1–3 were compiled within circular, 500 m radius areas surrounding sampled wells, and variables 4–6 were compiled within larger areas representing targeted land use and aquifers of interest. Fitting criteria indicate that the full logistic-regression model is highly significant (p < 0.001), compared with an intercept-only model that contains none of the explanatory variables. A goodness-of-fit test indicates that the model fits the data well, and observed and predicted probabilities of exceeding 4 mg/L nitrate in ground water are strongly correlated (r2= 0.971). Based on the multivariate LR model, vulnerability of ground water to contamination by nitrate depends not on any single factor but on the combined, simultaneous influence of factors representing nitrogen loading sources and aquifer susceptibility characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02311.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., 2001, Relating nitrogen sources and aquifer susceptibility to nitrate in shallow ground waters of the United States: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 2, p. 290-299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02311.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"299","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70023975,"text":"70023975 - 2001 - Modeling consolidation and dewatering near the toe of the northern Barbados accretionary complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T18:18:02.86839","indexId":"70023975","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling consolidation and dewatering near the toe of the northern Barbados accretionary complex","docAbstract":"At the toe of the northern Barbados accretionary complex, temperature and pore water chemistry data indicate that fluid flow is channeled along the décollement and other shallow thrust faults. We examine mechanisms that may prevent consolidation and maintain high permeability over large sections of the décollement. High-resolution bulk density data from five boreholes show that the décollement is well consolidated at some sites while other sites remain underconsolidated. Underconsolidated décollement behavior is associated with kilometer-scale negative-polarity seismic reflections from the décollement plane that have been interpreted to be fluid conduits. We use a coupled fluid flow/consolidation model to simulate the loading response of a 10-km-long by 680-m-thick slice of sediment as it enters the accretionary complex. The simulations capture 185 ka (5 km) of subduction, with a load function representing the estimated effective stress of the overriding accretionary prism (3.8° taper angle). Simulation results of bulk density in the décollement 3.2 km arcward of the deformation front are compared with observations. The results show that persistent high pore pressures at the arcward edge of the simulation domain can explain underconsolidated behavior. The scenario is consistent with previous modeling results showing that high pore pressures can propagate intermittently along the décollement from deeper in the complex. Simulated seaward fluxes in the décollement (1–14 cm yr−1) lie between previous estimates from modeling studies of steady state (<1 cm yr−1) and transient (>1 m yr−1) flow. Maximum simulated instantaneous fluid sources (2.5×10−13 s−1) are comparable to previous estimates. The simulations show minor swelling of incoming sediments (fluid sources ∼−3×10−15 s−1) up to 3 km before subduction that may help to explain small-scale shearing and normal faulting proximal to the protodécollement.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900368","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stauffer, P., and Bekins, B., 2001, Modeling consolidation and dewatering near the toe of the northern Barbados accretionary complex: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B4, p. 6369-6383, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900368.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"6369","endPage":"6383","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Barbados","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Northern Barbados Accretionary Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -60.42215522289088,\n 16.219230923659723\n ],\n [\n -60.42215522289088,\n 14.768847597055327\n ],\n [\n -58.548986277577754,\n 14.768847597055327\n ],\n [\n -58.548986277577754,\n 16.219230923659723\n ],\n [\n -60.42215522289088,\n 16.219230923659723\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5beae4b0c8380cd6f8c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauffer, P.","contributorId":20505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023979,"text":"70023979 - 2001 - Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023979","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme","docAbstract":"In 1994, the NASQAN (National Stream Quality Accounting Network) programme was redesigned as a flux-based water-quality monitoring network for the Mississippi, Columbia, Colorado, and Rio Grande Basins. As the new programme represented a departure from the original, new sampling, processing, analytical, and data handling procedures had to be selected/developed to provide data on discharge, suspended sediment concentration, and the concentrations of suspended sediment and dissolved trace elements. Annual suspended sediment fluxes were estimated by summing daily instantaneous fluxes based on predicted suspended sediment concentrations derived from discharge-based log-log regression (rating-curve) models. The models were developed using both historical and current site-specific discharge and suspended sediment concentrations. Errors using this approach typically are less than ?? 10% for the 3-year reporting period; however, the magnitude of the errors increases substantially for temporal spans shorter than 1 year. Total, rather than total-recoverable, suspended sediment-associated trace element concentrations were determined by direct analysis of material dewatered from large-volume whole-water samples. Site-specific intra- and inter-annual suspended sediment-associated chemical variations were less (typically by no more than a factor of two) than those for either discharge or suspended sediment concentrations (usually more than 10-fold). The concentrations, hence the annual fluxes, for suspended sediment-associated phosphorus and organic carbon, determined by direct analyses, were higher than those determined using a more traditional paired, whole-water/filtered-water approach (by factors ranging from 1.5- to 10-fold). This may be important for such issues as eutrophication and coastal productivity. Filtered water-associated (dissolved) trace element concentrations were markedly lower than those determined during the historical NASQAN programme; many were below their respective detection limits. This resulted from the use of clean sampling, processing, and analytical protocols. Hence, the fluxes for filtered water-associated (dissolved) Ag, Pb, Co, V, Be, Sb, and Se, as well as the total (filtered water plus suspended sediment-associated) fluxes for these constituents, could not be estimated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.206","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Smith, J., 2001, Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1107-1132, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.206.","startPage":"1107","endPage":"1132","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207166,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.206"},{"id":231865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b4fe4b0c8380cd52684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023983,"text":"70023983 - 2001 - The behaviour of 39 pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T11:03:32","indexId":"70023983","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The behaviour of 39 pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale","docAbstract":"A portion of applied pesticides runs off agricultural fields and is transported through surface waters. In this study, the behaviour of 39 pesticides is examined as a function of scale across 14 orders of magnitude from the field to the ocean. Data on pesticide loads in streams from two US Geological Survey programs were combined with literature data from field and watershed studies. The annual load as percent of use (LAPU) was quantified for each of the fields and watersheds and was used as the normalization factor across watersheds and compounds. The in-stream losses of each pesticide were estimated for a model stream with a 15 day travel time (similar in characteristics to the upper Mississippi River). These estimated in-stream losses agreed well with the observed changes in apparent LAPU values as a function of watershed area. In general, herbicides applied to the soil surface had the greatest LAPU values and minimal in-stream losses. Soil-incorporated herbicides had smaller LAPU values and substantial in-stream losses. Insecticides generally had LAPU values similar to the incorporated herbicides, but had more variation in their in-stream losses. On the basis of the LAPU values of the 39 pesticides as a function of watershed area, a generalized conceptual model of the movement of pesticides from the field to the ocean is suggested. The importance of considering both field runoff and in-stream losses is discussed in relation to interpreting monitoring data and making regulatory decisions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.212","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., Larson, S., and Winterstein, T.A., 2001, The behaviour of 39 pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1251-1269, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.212.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1269","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.212"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9e4e4b08c986b3225ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winterstein, T. A.","contributorId":25156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterstein","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023987,"text":"70023987 - 2001 - Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuteriun in river waters across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T05:24:24","indexId":"70023987","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuteriun in river waters across the United States","docAbstract":"\n
Reconstruction of continental palaeoclimate and palaeohydrology is currently hampered by limited information about isotopic patterns in the modern hydrologic cycle. To remedy this situation and to provide baseline data for other isotope hydrology studies, more than 4800, depth- and width-integrated, stream samples from 391 selected sites within the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN) were analysed for δ18O and δ2H (http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr00-160/pdf/ofr00-160.pdf). Each site was sampled bimonthly or quarterly for 2·5 to 3 years between 1984 and 1987. The ability of this dataset to serve as a proxy for the isotopic composition of modern precipitation in the USA is supported by the excellent agreement between the river dataset and the isotopic compositions of adjacent precipitation monitoring sites, the strong spatial coherence of the distributions of δ18O and δ2H, the good correlations of the isotopic compositions with climatic parameters, and the good agreement between the ‘national’ meteoric water line (MWL) generated from unweighted analyses of samples from the 48 contiguous states of δ2H=8·11δ18O+8·99 (r2=0·98) and the unweighted global MWL of sites from the Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) of δ2H=8·17δ18O+10·35.
\n
\n
The national MWL is composed of water samples that arise in diverse local conditions where the local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) usually have much lower slopes. Adjacent sites often have similar LMWLs, allowing the datasets to be combined into regional MWLs. The slopes of regional MWLs probably reflect the humidity of the local air mass, which imparts a distinctive evaporative isotopic signature to rainfall and hence to stream samples. Deuterium excess values range from 6 to 15‰ in the eastern half of the USA, along the northwest coast and on the Colorado Plateau. In the rest of the USA, these values range from −2 to 6‰, with strong spatial correlations with regional aridity. The river samples have successfully integrated the spatial variability in the meteorological cycle and provide the best available dataset on the spatial distributions of δ18O and δ2H values of meteoric waters in the USA.
\n
Gas-liquid flows, designed to be analogous to those in volcanic conduits, are generated in the laboratory using organic gas-gum rosin mixtures expanding in a vertically mounted tube. The expanding fluid shows a range of both flow and pressure oscillation behaviors. Weakly supersaturated source liquids produce a low Reynolds number flow with foam expanding from the top surface of a liquid that exhibits zero fluid velocity at the tube wall; i.e., the conventional \"no-slip\" boundary condition. Pressure oscillations, often with strong long-period characteristics and consistent with longitudinal and radial resonant oscillation modes, are detected in these fluids. Strongly supersaturated source liquids generate more energetic flows that display a number of flow regimes. These regimes include a static liquid source, viscous flow, detached flow (comprising gas-pockets-at-wall and foam-in-gas annular flow, therefore demonstrating strong radial heterogeneity), and a fully turbulent transonic fragmented or mist flow. Each of these flow regimes displays characteristic pressure oscillations that can be related to resonance of flow features or wall impact phenomena. The pressure oscillations are produced by the degassing processes without the need of elastic coupling to the confining medium or flow restrictors and valvelike features. The oscillatory behavior of the experimental flows is compared to seismoacoustic data from a range of volcanoes where resonant oscillation of the fluid within the conduit is also often invoked as controlling the observed oscillation frequencies. On the basis of the experimental data we postulate on the nature of seismic signals that may be measured during large-scale explosive activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900376","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lane, S., Chouet, B., Phillips, J., Dawson, P., Ryan, G., and Hurst, E., 2001, Experimental observations of pressure oscillations and flow regimes in an analogue volcanic system: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B4, p. 6461-6476, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900376.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6461","endPage":"6476","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478866,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900376","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dd9e4b0c8380cd53212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, S.J.","contributorId":28771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, J.C.","contributorId":69329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, G.A.","contributorId":82089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hurst, E.","contributorId":36711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurst","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024043,"text":"70024043 - 2001 - The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70024043","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers","docAbstract":"Estimating the annual mass flux at a network of fixed stations is one approach to characterizing water quality of large rivers. The interpretive context provided by annual flux includes identifying source and sink areas for constituents and estimating the loadings to receiving waters, such as reservoirs or the ocean. Since 1995, the US Geological Survey's National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) has employed this approach at a network of 39 stations in four of the largest river basins of the USA: The Mississippi, the Columbia, the Colorado and the Rio Grande. In this paper, the design of NASQAN is described and its effectiveness at characterizing the water quality of these rivers is evaluated using data from the first 3 years of operation. A broad range of constituents was measured by NASQAN, including trace organic and inorganic chemicals, major ions, sediment and nutrients. Where possible, a regression model relating concentration to discharge and season was used to interpolate between chemical observations for flux estimation. For water-quality network design, the most important finding from NASQAN was the importance of having a specific objective (that is, estimating annual mass flux) and, from that, an explicitly stated data analysis strategy, namely the use of regression models to interpolate between observations. The use of such models aided in the design of sampling strategy and provided a context for data review. The regression models essentially form null hypotheses for concentration variation that can be evaluated by the observed data. The feedback between network operation and data collection established by the hypothesis tests places the water-quality network on a firm scientific footing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.205","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., Aulenbach, B., and Kelly, V., 2001, The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1089-1106, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.205.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1106","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207041,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.205"},{"id":231600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badfbe4b08c986b323e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, V.J.","contributorId":14009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024050,"text":"70024050 - 2001 - Applicability of NASQAN data for ecosystem assessments on the Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:13:20","indexId":"70024050","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applicability of NASQAN data for ecosystem assessments on the Missouri River","docAbstract":"The effectiveness of ecological restoration efforts on large developed rivers is often unknown because comprehensive ecological monitoring programs are often absent. Although Eulerian water-quality monitoring programs, such as the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) program, are more common, they are usually not designed for ecological assessment. Therefore, this paper addresses the value of NASQAN for ecological assessments on the Missouri River and identifies potential program additions and modifications to assess certain ecological changes in physical habitat, biological structure and function, and ecotoxicity. Five additional sites: The analysis of chlorophyll, mercury, ATP, potential endocrine disruptors, total trace elements, and selected total hydrophobic organics; and the hourly measurement of dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and temperature are recommended. Hourly measurements would require an entirely new operational aspect to NASQAN. However, the presence of data loggers and satellite transmitters in the gauging stations at all NASQAN sites substantially improves the feasibility of continuous water-quality monitoring. The use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to monitor dissolved bioaccumulating organics and trace elements, identification and enumeration of zooplankton, and characterization of the bioavailability of organic matter are also recommended. The effect of biological processes on the conservative assumptions that are used in flux and source determinations of NASQAN constituents are also evaluated. Organic carbon, organic nitrogen, dissolved phosphate, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen are the NASQAN constituents most vulnerable to biological processes and thus violation of conservative assumptions.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.215","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Blevins, D.W., and Fairchild, J., 2001, Applicability of NASQAN data for ecosystem assessments on the Missouri River: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1347-1362, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.215.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1347","endPage":"1362","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207093,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.215"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec81e4b0c8380cd492e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blevins, Dale W. dblevins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blevins","given":"Dale","email":"dblevins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":399808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairchild, James","contributorId":147786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024057,"text":"70024057 - 2001 - National-scale, field-based evaluation of the biota - Sediment accumulation factor model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T14:20:52","indexId":"70024057","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National-scale, field-based evaluation of the biota - Sediment accumulation factor model","docAbstract":"The biota - sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) model has been suggested as a simple tool to predict bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs)in fish and other aquatic biota from measured concentrations in sediment based on equilibrium partitioning between the sediment organic carbon and biotic lipid pools. Currently, evaluation of this model as a predictive tool has been limited to laboratory studies and small-scale field studies, using a limited number of biotic species. This study evaluates the model, from field data, for a suite of organochlorine HOCs from paired fluvial sediment and biota (fish and bivalves) samples throughout the United States and over a large range of biotic species. These data represent a real-world, worst-case scenario of the model because environmental variables are not controlled. Median BSAF values for fish (3.3) and bivalves (2.8) were not statistically different but are higher than theoretically predicted values (1-2). BSAF values varied significantly in a few species. Differences in chemical-specific BSAF values were not observed in bivalves but were statistically significant in fish. The HOCs with differing BSAF values were those known to be biotransformed. Sediment organic carbon content and biota lipid content had no effect on BSAF values in fish and only a weak effect in bivalves. This study suggests that the BSAF model could be useful under in situ riverine conditions as a first-level screening tool for predicting bioaccumulation; however, variability in BSAF values may impose limits on its utility.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es0016452","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wong, C.S., Capel, P.D., and Nowell, L.H., 2001, National-scale, field-based evaluation of the biota - Sediment accumulation factor model: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 9, p. 1709-1715, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0016452.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1709","endPage":"1715","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207131,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0016452"}],"volume":"35","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6296e4b0c8380cd71fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Charles S.","contributorId":51239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024068,"text":"70024068 - 2001 - Deformation across the Pacific-North America plate boundary near San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T18:32:26.920857","indexId":"70024068","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation across the Pacific-North America plate boundary near San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"We have detected a narrow zone of compression between the Coast Ranges and the Great Valley, and we have estimated slip rates for the San Andreas, Rodgers Creek, and Green Valley faults just north of San Francisco. These results are based on an analysis of campaign and continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected between 1992 and 2000 in central California. The zone of compression between the Coast Ranges and the Great Valley is 25 km wide. The observations clearly show 3.8±1.5 mm yr−1 of shortening over this narrow zone. The strike slip components are best fit by a model with 20.8±1.9 mm yr−1 slip on the San Andreas fault, 10.3±2.6 mm yr−1 on the Rodgers Creek fault, and 8.1±2.1 mm yr−1 on the Green Valley fault. The Pacific-Sierra Nevada-Great Valley motion totals 39.2±3.8 mm yr−1 across a zone that is 120 km wide (at the latitude of San Francisco). Standard deviations are one σ. The geodetic results suggest a higher than geologic rate for the Green Valley fault. The geodetic results also suggest an inconsistency between geologic estimates of the San Andreas rate and seismologic estimates of the depth of locking on the San Andreas fault. The only convergence observed is in the narrow zone along the border between the Great Valley and the Coast Ranges.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900397","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prescott, W., Savage, J., Svarc, J.L., and Manaker, D., 2001, Deformation across the Pacific-North America plate boundary near San Francisco, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B4, p. 6673-6682, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900397.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6673","endPage":"6682","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900397","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.50194741408102,\n 37.67164660132454\n ],\n [\n -122.19432430532152,\n 37.854040553062006\n ],\n [\n -121.83726176836872,\n 38.290810391134045\n ],\n [\n -122.02403294154425,\n 38.87908293844026\n ],\n [\n -122.35362840692957,\n 39.5176369757956\n ],\n [\n -122.49096015191151,\n 39.691163914365916\n ],\n [\n -123.94118337891973,\n 39.58540653898518\n ],\n [\n -124.37515169306235,\n 39.4837273736193\n ],\n [\n -124.18838051988712,\n 38.759244004698616\n ],\n [\n -123.52369487417569,\n 37.53661241704684\n ],\n [\n -122.50194741408102,\n 37.67164660132454\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe40e4b0c8380cd4ec08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manaker, D.","contributorId":7454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manaker","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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