Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used in human health and nutrition fields but has only recently been considered as a potential tool for assessing fish condition. Once BIA is calibrated, it estimates fat/moisture levels and energy content without the need to kill fish. Despite the promise held by BIA, published studies have been divided on whether BIA can provide accurate estimates of body composition in fish. In cases where BIA was not successful, the models lacked the range of fat levels or sample sizes we determined were needed for model success (range of dry fat levels of 29%, n = 60, yielding an R2 of 0.8). Reduced range of fat levels requires an increased sample size to achieve that benchmark; therefore, standardization of methods is needed. Here we discuss standardized methods based on a decade of research, identify sources of error, discuss where BIA is headed, and suggest areas for future research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2015.1106943","usgsCitation":"Hartman, K.J., Margraf, F.J., Hafs, A.W., and Cox, M.K., 2015, Bioelectrical impedance analysis: A new tool for assessing fish condition: Fisheries, v. 40, no. 12, p. 590-600, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2015.1106943.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"600","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056040","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f2ee4b08d617f65fff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, Kyle J.","contributorId":6414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartman","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16210,"text":"Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Margraf, F. Joseph jmargraf@usgs.gov","contributorId":257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.","email":"jmargraf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hafs, Andrew W.","contributorId":57308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafs","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, M. Keith","contributorId":166685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160003,"text":"sir20155177 - 2015 - Transport and deposition of asbestos-rich sediment in the Sumas River, Whatcom County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T15:03:46","indexId":"sir20155177","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-08T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5177","title":"Transport and deposition of asbestos-rich sediment in the Sumas River, Whatcom County, Washington","docAbstract":"Heavy sediment loads in the Sumas River of Whatcom County, Washington, increase seasonal turbidity and cause locally acute sedimentation. Most sediment in the Sumas River is derived from a deep-seated landslide of serpentinite that is located on Sumas Mountain and drained by Swift Creek, a tributary to the Sumas River. This mafic sediment contains high amounts of naturally occurring asbestiform chrysotile. A known human-health hazard, asbestiform chrysotile comprises 0.25–37 percent, by mass, of the total suspended sediment sampled from the Sumas River as part of this study, which included part of water year 2011 and all of water years 2012 and 2013. The suspended-sediment load in the Sumas River at South Pass Road, 0.6 kilometers (km) downstream of the confluence with Swift Creek, was 22,000 tonnes (t) in water year 2012 and 49,000 t in water year 2013. The suspended‑sediment load at Telegraph Road, 18.8 km downstream of the Swift Creek confluence, was 22,000 t in water year 2012 and 27,000 t in water year 2013. Although hydrologic conditions during the study were wetter than normal overall, the 2-year flood peak was only modestly exceeded in water years 2011 and 2013; runoff‑driven geomorphic disturbance to the watershed, which might have involved mass wasting from the landslide, seemed unexceptional. In water year 2012, flood peaks were modest, and the annual streamflow was normal. The fact that suspended-sediment loads in water year 2012 were equivalent at sites 0.6 and 18.8 km downstream of the sediment source indicates that the conservation of suspended‑sediment load can occur under normal hydrologic conditions. The substantial decrease in suspended-sediment load in the downstream direction in water year 2013 was attributed to either sedimentation in the intervening river reach, transfer to bedload as an alternate mode of sediment transport, or both.
The sediment in the Sumas River is distinct from sediment in most other river systems because of the large percentage of asbestiform chrysotile in suspension. The suspended sediment carried by the Sumas River consists of three major components: (1) a relatively dense, largely non-flocculated material that settles rapidly out of suspension; (2) a lighter component containing relatively high proportions of flocculated material, much of it composed of asbestiform chrysotile; and (3) individual chrysotile fibers that are too small to flocculate or settle out, and remain in suspension as wash load (these fibers are on the order of microns in length and tenths of microns in diameter). Whereas the bulk density of the first (heaviest) component of suspended sediment was between 1.5 and 1.6 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), the bulk density of the flocculated material was an order of magnitude lower (0.16 g/cm3), even after 24 hours of settling. Soon after immersion in water, the fresh chrysotile fibers derived from the Swift Creek landslide seem to flocculate readily into large bundles, or floccules, that exhibit settling velocities characteristic of coarse silts and fine sands (30 and 250 micrometers). In quiescent water within this river system, the floccules settle out quickly, but still leave between 2.4 and 19.5 million chrysotile fibers per liter in the clear overlying water. Consistent with the results from previous laboratory research, the amounts of asbestiform chrysotile in the water column in Swift Creek, as well as in the Sumas River close to and downstream of its confluence with Swift Creek, were determined to be directly correlated with pH. This observation offers a possible alternative to either turbidity or suspended‑sediment concentration as a surrogate for the concentration of fresh asbestiform chrysotile in suspension.
Continued movement and associated erosion of the landslide through mass wasting and runoff will maintain large sediment loads in Swift Creek and in the Sumas River for the foreseeable future. Given the present channel morphology of the river system, aggradation (that is, sediment accumulation) in Swift Creek and the Sumas River are also likely to continue.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., Anderson, S.W., Barbash, J.E., Magirl, C.S., Cox, S.E., Norton, K.K., Gendaszek, A.S., Spanjer, A.R., and Foreman, J.R., 2016, Transport and deposition of asbestos-rich sediment in the Sumas River, Whatcom County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5177, 51 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155177.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; Appendixes A-H","startPage":"1","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066836","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316682,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","description":"SIR 2015-5177 PDF"},{"id":316683,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"25 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix A"},{"id":316684,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixb.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"51 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix B"},{"id":316685,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixc.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"6.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix C"},{"id":316686,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixd.xlsx","text":"Appendix D","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix D"},{"id":316687,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixe.xlsx","text":"Appendix E","size":"13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix E"},{"id":316688,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixf.xlsx","text":"Appendix F","size":"234 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix F"},{"id":316689,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixg.xlsx","text":"Appendix G","size":"29 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix G"},{"id":316690,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixh.xlsx","text":"Appendix H","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix H"},{"id":316511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Whatcom County","otherGeospatial":"Sumas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.35267639160156,\n 49.00139345263396\n ],\n [\n -122.36160278320311,\n 48.99733908118444\n ],\n [\n -122.37876892089842,\n 48.98562459864604\n ],\n [\n -122.37670898437499,\n 48.97751295870069\n ],\n [\n -122.3650360107422,\n 48.972555195463336\n ],\n [\n -122.36709594726562,\n 48.94820993324199\n ],\n [\n -122.35748291015625,\n 48.91347483782297\n ],\n [\n -122.33070373535155,\n 48.90354608612109\n ],\n [\n -122.32315063476562,\n 48.87826399706969\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 48.86381134898791\n ],\n [\n -122.28675842285158,\n 48.84212454876025\n ],\n [\n -122.25997924804688,\n 48.83941303819501\n ],\n [\n -122.20985412597656,\n 48.871038194878636\n ],\n [\n -122.18788146972655,\n 48.907608086640366\n ],\n [\n -122.17758178710939,\n 48.950013693526294\n ],\n [\n -122.17758178710939,\n 48.98787759766659\n ],\n [\n -122.17689514160158,\n 49.002294379248696\n ],\n [\n -122.35267639160156,\n 49.00139345263396\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Nesting chronology in grassland birds can vary by species, locality, and year. The date a nest is initiated can influence the subsequent probability of its survival in some grassland bird species. Because predation is the most significant cause of nest loss in grassland birds, we examined the relation between timing of nesting and nest survival. Periods of high nest survival that correspond with the peak of nesting activity might reflect long-term adaptations to specific predation pressures commonly recurring during certain periods of the nesting cycle. We evaluated this theory by comparing timing of nesting with date-specific nest survival rates for several duck and passerine species breeding in north-central North Dakota during 1998–2003. Nest survival decreased seasonally with date for five of the seven species we studied. We found little evidence to support consistent relations between timing of nesting, the number of nest initiations, and nest survival for any species we studied, suggesting that factors other than nest predation may better explain nesting chronology for these species. The apparent mismatch between date-specific patterns of nest survival and nest initiation underscores uncertainty about the process of avian nest site selection driven mainly by predation. Although timing of nesting differed among species, the general nesting period was fairly predictable across all years of study, suggesting the potential for research activities or management actions to be timed to take advantage of known periods when nests are active (or inactive). However, our results do not support the notion that biologists can take advantage of periods when many nests are active and survival is also high.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v129i4.1754","usgsCitation":"Grant, T.A., and Shaffer, T.L., 2015, Do ducks and songbirds initiate more nests when the probability of survival is greater?: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 129, no. 4, p. 323-330, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i4.1754.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"330","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045048","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i4.1754","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Bottineau County","otherGeospatial":"J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.5,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.5,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.5,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b324aae4b0cc79997f04e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Todd A.","contributorId":93752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162649,"text":"70162649 - 2015 - Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile). Long distance juvenile movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T15:41:31","indexId":"70162649","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile). Long distance juvenile movement","docAbstract":"Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile) is the most widely distributed New World crocodilian species with its range extending from Peru in the south to the southern tip of peninsular Florida in the north. Crocodylus acutus occupies primarily coastal brackish water habitat, however it also occurs in freshwater to hypersaline habitats (Thorbjarnarson 2010. In Crocodiles. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. [Third Edition], American Crocodile Crocodylus acutus, pp. 46–53 S.C. Manolis and C. Stevenson. Crocodile Specialist Group, Darwin). There is limited literature on long distance movements of juvenile crocodilians worldwide and no literature on juvenile crocodiles in Florida. However, adult C. acutus in Florida have been documented to make seasonal movements of 5–15 km from preferred foraging habitat to nesting beaches (Mazzotti 1983. The Ecology of Crocodylus acutus in Florida. PhD Dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. 161pp), and one adult was documented making a 35 km trip from her nest site to preferred foraging habitat (Cherkiss et. al. 2006. Herpetol. Rev. 38:72–73). Rodda (1984. Herpetologica 40:444–451) reported on juvenile C. acutus movement in Gatun Lake, Panama, and found that juveniles stayed within 1 km of their nest site for the first month. Movements of juvenile Crocodylus porosus (Saltwater Crocodile) in a river system in Northern Australia showed a maximum movement of 38.9 km from a known nest site, with the majority of the crocodiles staying within 15.6 km downstream to 6.8 km upstream (Webb and Messel 1978. Aust. Wildlife Res. 5:263–283). Juvenile movement of Crocodylus niloticus (Nile Crocodile) in Lake Ngezi, Zimbabwe showed crocodiles restricted their movements from 1.0 km up to 4.5 km through the wet and dry seasons (Hutton 1989. Am. Zool. 29:1033–1049). Long distance movements of alligators were recorded for sizes ranging from 28 cm to 361 cm in a coastal refuge in Louisiana, where the distance traveled ranged from 0.3 km to 90.2 km. The data showed that the smaller alligators moved greater distance than larger ones (Lance et al. 2011. Southeast Nat. 10:389–398). An ongoing 30 year mark and recapture study for Crocodylus acutus in Florida allowed us to look at long distance movement (>30 km) of juveniles (30km). Initial and most recent captures as a juvenile were used to analyze distances moved (Fig. 1). These distances were measured linearly between capture locations. Maximum linear distances of 76.3 km and 69.6 km were recorded for animals 4838 and 6662. All crocodiles moved from nesting habitat through potentially optimal nursery habitat prior to reaching their recapture locations. These juvenile long distance movements could be due to larger crocodiles facilitating their dispersal from the nest location (Lance et al. 2011. op. cit.). These data (Table 1.) support that there is exchange of individuals among the nesting colonies and our ongoing efforts to monitor this threatened species allow us to make observations of how juvenile crocodiles are moving throughout the landscape in an ecosystem currently undergoing restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Crespo, R., Beauchamp, J.S., Mazzotti, F., and Cherkiss, M.S., 2015, Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile). Long distance juvenile movement: Herpetological Review, v. 46, no. 4, p. 623-624.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"624","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060401","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b081a8e4b010e2af2a1158","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crespo, Rafael","contributorId":152647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crespo","given":"Rafael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":138880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12559,"text":"University of Florida, FLEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank","contributorId":32609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168358,"text":"70168358 - 2015 - Sympatric cattle grazing and desert bighorn sheep foraging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T12:10:26","indexId":"70168358","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sympatric cattle grazing and desert bighorn sheep foraging","docAbstract":"Foraging behavior affects animal fitness and is largely dictated by the resources available to an animal. Understanding factors that affect forage resources is important for conservation and management of wildlife. Cattle sympatry is proposed to limit desert bighorn population performance, but few studies have quantified the effect of cattle foraging on bighorn forage resources or foraging behavior by desert bighorn. We estimated forage biomass for desert bighorn sheep in 2 mountain ranges: the cattle-grazed Caballo Mountains and the ungrazed San Andres Mountains, New Mexico. We recorded foraging bout efficiency of adult females by recording feeding time/step while foraging, and activity budgets of 3 age-sex classes (i.e., adult males, adult females, yearlings). We also estimated forage biomass at sites where bighorn were observed foraging. We expected lower forage biomass in the cattle-grazed Caballo range than in the ungrazed San Andres range and lower biomass at cattle-accessible versus inaccessible areas within the Caballo range. We predicted bighorn would be less efficient foragers in the Caballo range. Groundcover forage biomass was low in both ranges throughout the study (Jun 2012–Nov 2013). Browse biomass, however, was 4.7 times lower in the Caballo range versus the San Andres range. Bighorn in the Caballo range exhibited greater overall daily travel time, presumably to locate areas of higher forage abundance. By selecting areas with greater forage abundance, adult females in the Caballo range exhibited foraging bout efficiency similar to their San Andres counterparts but lower overall daily browsing time. We did not find a significant reduction in forage biomass at cattle-accessible areas in the Caballo range. Only the most rugged areas in the Caballo range had abundant forage, potentially a result of intensive historical livestock use in less rugged areas. Forage conditions in the Caballo range apparently force bighorn to increase foraging effort by feeding only in areas where adequate forage remains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1014","usgsCitation":"Garrison, K., Cain, J.W., Rominger, E.M., and Goldstein, E., 2015, Sympatric cattle grazing and desert bighorn sheep foraging: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 2, p. 197-207, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1014.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063344","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Caballo and San Andres mountain ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.71844482421875,\n 33.30069061612908\n ],\n [\n -106.71844482421875,\n 33.22720064403191\n ],\n [\n -106.71432495117188,\n 33.12145055836598\n ],\n [\n -106.7156982421875,\n 33.050112271849656\n ],\n [\n -106.70471191406249,\n 32.923402043498875\n ],\n [\n -106.69784545898438,\n 32.794201303793194\n ],\n [\n -106.71157836914061,\n 32.74685757900694\n ],\n [\n -106.84890747070312,\n 32.74570253945518\n ],\n [\n -106.87225341796875,\n 32.722598604044066\n ],\n [\n -106.87362670898438,\n 32.59773394005744\n ],\n [\n -106.99722290039062,\n 32.5988908941574\n ],\n [\n -107.01095581054688,\n 32.62780989050403\n ],\n [\n -107.02468872070312,\n 32.64746947229865\n ],\n [\n -107.07412719726562,\n 32.66828079034104\n ],\n [\n -107.10708618164062,\n 32.67059285991286\n ],\n [\n -107.13729858398438,\n 32.68099643258195\n ],\n [\n -107.1826171875,\n 32.6937102647229\n ],\n [\n -107.22518920898438,\n 32.72028788113862\n ],\n [\n -107.259521484375,\n 32.742237330951205\n ],\n [\n -107.25814819335936,\n 32.767645729906484\n ],\n [\n -107.27737426757812,\n 32.79304687845155\n ],\n [\n -107.29522705078125,\n 32.82536512222339\n ],\n [\n -107.30484008789061,\n 32.877280526855394\n ],\n [\n -107.31170654296875,\n 32.91533251206152\n ],\n [\n -107.31033325195312,\n 32.95567280997862\n ],\n [\n -107.3089599609375,\n 33.01442143484888\n ],\n [\n -107.314453125,\n 33.05586750447235\n ],\n [\n -107.303466796875,\n 33.09384260312052\n ],\n [\n -107.28012084960938,\n 33.12490094278685\n ],\n [\n -107.22381591796875,\n 33.13180130489295\n ],\n [\n -107.16888427734375,\n 33.13180130489295\n ],\n [\n -107.07275390625,\n 33.12490094278685\n ],\n [\n -106.93954467773438,\n 33.29839499061643\n ],\n [\n -106.71844482421875,\n 33.30069061612908\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf105fe4b06458514b6954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, Kyle","contributorId":166768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrison","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rominger, Eric M.","contributorId":91038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rominger","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, Elise J.","contributorId":32825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Elise J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168335,"text":"70168335 - 2015 - Assessing gull abundance and food availability in urban parking lots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T14:51:50.767034","indexId":"70168335","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1914,"text":"Human-Wildlife Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing gull abundance and food availability in urban parking lots","docAbstract":"Feeding birds is a common activity throughout the world; yet, little is known about the extent of feeding gulls in urban areas. We monitored 8 parking lots in central Massachusetts, USA, during the fall and winter of 2011 to 2013 in 4 monitoring sessions to document the number of gulls present, the frequency of human–gull feeding interactions, and the effectiveness of signage and direct interaction in reducing human-provisioned food. Parking lots were divided between “education” and “no-education” lots. In education lots, we erected signs about problems caused when people feed birds and also asked people to stop feeding birds. We did not erect signs or ask people to stop feeding birds at no-education lots. We spent >1,200 hours in parking lots (range = 136 to 200 hours per parking lot), and gulls were counted every 20 minutes. We conducted >4,000 counts, and ring-billed gulls (Lorus delawarensis) accounted for 98% of all gulls. Our educational efforts were minimally effective. There were fewer feedings (P = 0.01) in education lots during one of the monitoring sessions but significantly more gulls (P = 0.008) in education lots during 2 monitoring sessions. While there was a marginal decrease (P = 0.055) in the number of feedings after no-education lots were transformed into education lots, there was no difference in gull numbers in these lots (P = 0.16). Education appears to have some influence in reducing the number of people feeding gulls, but our efforts were not able to reduce the number of human feeders or the amount of food enough to influence the number of gulls using parking lots.
","language":"English","publisher":"Berryman Institute","doi":"10.26077/m3ts-7d08","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.E., Whitney, J.J., MacKenzie, K.G., Koenen, K.K., and DeStefano, S., 2015, Assessing gull abundance and food availability in urban parking lots: Human-Wildlife Interactions, v. 9, no. 2, p. 180-190, https://doi.org/10.26077/m3ts-7d08.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054418","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.91444396972656,\n 42.2442770445118\n ],\n [\n -71.55258178710938,\n 42.2442770445118\n ],\n [\n -71.55258178710938,\n 42.489820989777066\n ],\n [\n -71.91444396972656,\n 42.489820989777066\n ],\n [\n -71.91444396972656,\n 42.2442770445118\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc6d3be4b08d617f666241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Daniel E.","contributorId":166686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, Jillian J.","contributorId":166687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitney","given":"Jillian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, Kenneth G.","contributorId":166688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koenen, Kiana K. G.","contributorId":34313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenen","given":"Kiana","email":"","middleInitial":"K. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":2874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168331,"text":"70168331 - 2015 - First satellite tracks of the Endangered black-capped petrel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T11:05:23","indexId":"70168331","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First satellite tracks of the Endangered black-capped petrel","docAbstract":"The black-capped petrel Pterodroma hasitata is an endangered seabird with fewer than 2000 breeding pairs restricted to a few breeding sites in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. To date, use areas at sea have been determined entirely from vessel-based surveys and opportunistic sightings and, as such, spatial and temporal gaps in our understanding of the species’ marine range are likely. To enhance our understanding of marine use areas, we deployed satellite tags on 3 black-capped petrels breeding on Hispaniola, representing the first tracking study for this species and one of the first published tracking studies for any breeding seabird in the Caribbean. During chick rearing, petrels primarily used marine habitats in the southern Caribbean Sea (ca. 18.0° to 11.5°N, 70.0° to 75.5°W) between the breeding site and the coasts of Venezuela and Colombia. Maximum distance from the breeding sites ranged from ca. 500 to 1500 km during the chick-rearing period. During the post-breeding period, each bird dispersed north and used waters west of the Gulf Stream offshore of the mid- and southern Atlantic coasts of the USA as well as Gulf Stream waters and deeper pelagic waters east of the Gulf Stream. Maximum distance from the breeding sites ranged from ca. 2000 to 2200 km among birds during the nonbreeding period. Petrels used waters located within 14 different exclusive economic zones, suggesting that international collaboration will benefit the development of management strategies for this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Res","doi":"10.3354/esr00697","usgsCitation":"Jodice, P.G., Ronconi, R.A., Rupp, E., Wallace, G.E., and Satgé, Y., 2015, First satellite tracks of the Endangered black-capped petrel: Endangered Species Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 23-33, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00697.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064990","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00697","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 32.13840869677251\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -80.31005859375,\n 25.284437746983055\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 17.035777250427195\n ],\n [\n -71.4990234375,\n 12.404388944669792\n ],\n [\n -63.94042968749999,\n 10.768555807732437\n ],\n [\n -60.8203125,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 37.77071473849609\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc6d41e4b08d617f66627b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ronconi, Robert A.","contributorId":166692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ronconi","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, Ernst","contributorId":166693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rupp","given":"Ernst","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallace, George E.","contributorId":166695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Satgé, Yvan","contributorId":166696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Satgé","given":"Yvan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168328,"text":"70168328 - 2015 - Population ecology of the gulf ribbed mussel across a salinity gradient: recruitment, growth and density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T11:43:16","indexId":"70168328","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population ecology of the gulf ribbed mussel across a salinity gradient: recruitment, growth and density","docAbstract":"Benthic intertidal bivalves play an essential role in estuarine ecosystems by contributing to habitat provision, water filtration, and promoting productivity. As such, changes that impact population distributions and persistence of local bivalve populations may have large ecosystem level consequences. Recruitment, growth, mortality, population size structure and density of the gulf coast ribbed mussel, Geukensia granosissima, were examined across a salinity gradient in southeastern Louisiana. Data were collected along 100-m transects at interior and edge marsh plots located at duplicate sites in upper (salinity ~4 psu), central (salinity ~8 psu) and lower (salinity ~15 psu) Barataria Bay, Louisiana, U.S.A. Growth, mortality and recruitment were measured in established plots from April through November 2012. Mussel densities were greatest within the middle bay (salinity ~8) regardless of flooding regime, but strongly associated with highest stem densities of Juncus roemerianus vegetation. Mussel recruitment, growth, size and survival were significantly higher at mid and high salinity marsh edge sites as compared to all interior marsh and low salinity sites. The observed patterns of density, growth and mortality in Barataria Bay may reflect detrital food resource availability, host vegetation community distribution along the salinity gradient, salinity tolerance of the mussel, and reduced predation at higher salinity edge sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES14-00499.1","usgsCitation":"Honig, A., Supan, J., and LaPeyre, M.K., 2015, Population ecology of the gulf ribbed mussel across a salinity gradient: recruitment, growth and density: Ecosphere, v. 6, no. 11, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00499.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060979","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es14-00499.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Bay","volume":"6","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc6d46e4b08d617f666296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honig, Aaron","contributorId":146622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Honig","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Supan, John","contributorId":146623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Supan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176848,"text":"70176848 - 2015 - Validation of streamflow measurements made with M9 and RiverRay acoustic Doppler current profilers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-11T10:36:57","indexId":"70176848","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of streamflow measurements made with M9 and RiverRay acoustic Doppler current profilers","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Surface Water (OSW) previously validated the use of Teledyne RD Instruments (TRDI) Rio Grande (in 2007), StreamPro (in 2006), and Broadband (in 1996) acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) for streamflow (discharge) measurements made by the USGS. Two new ADCPs, the SonTek M9 and the TRDI RiverRay, were first used in the USGS Water Mission Area programs in 2009. Since 2009, the OSW and USGS Water Science Centers (WSCs) have been conducting field measurements as part of their stream-gaging program using these ADCPs. The purpose of this paper is to document the results of USGS OSW analyses for validation of M9 and RiverRay ADCP streamflow measurements. The OSW required each participating WSC to make comparison measurements over the range of operating conditions in which the instruments were used until sufficient measurements were available. The performance of these ADCPs was evaluated for validation and to identify any present and potential problems. Statistical analyses of streamflow measurements indicate that measurements made with the SonTek M9 ADCP using firmware 2.00–3.00 or the TRDI RiverRay ADCP using firmware 44.12–44.15 are unbiased, and therefore, can continue to be used to make streamflow measurements in the USGS stream-gaging program. However, for the M9 ADCP, there are some important issues to be considered in making future measurements. Possible future work may include additional validation of streamflow measurements made with these instruments from other locations in the United States and measurement validation using updated firmware and software.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001087","usgsCitation":"Boldt, J., and Oberg, K.A., 2015, Validation of streamflow measurements made with M9 and RiverRay acoustic Doppler current profilers: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 142, no. 2, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001087.","productDescription":"Article 04015054; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-065124","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe679ee4b0824b2d143715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boldt, Justin A. jboldt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boldt","given":"Justin A.","email":"jboldt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":650504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":650505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159980,"text":"ofr20151226 - 2015 - Science information to support Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) effects analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T09:08:04","indexId":"ofr20151226","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-26T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1226","title":"Science information to support Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) effects analysis","docAbstract":"The Missouri River Pallid Sturgeon Effects Analysis (EA) was commissioned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop a foundation of understanding of how pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) population dynamics are linked to management actions in the Missouri River. The EA consists of several steps: (1) development of comprehensive, conceptual ecological models illustrating pallid sturgeon population dynamics and links to management actions and other drivers; (2) compilation and assessment of available scientific literature, databases, and models; (3) development of predictive, quantitative models to explore the system dynamics and population responses to management actions; and (4) analysis and assessment of effects of system operations and actions on species’ habitats and populations. This report addresses the second objective, compilation and assessment of relevant information.
\nScientific information on pallid sturgeon and its environment has grown substantially during the last decade. Presently available (2015) information indicates that stocked sturgeon are surviving and growing, and that wild and hatchery sturgeon are spawning in the wild. However, natural recruitment to age-1 and older has not been detected since systematic sampling began in 2005. Population models indicate the sensitivity of population growth to certain demographic variables, in particular early-life stage survival and perhaps adult fecundity. This report documents the existing population models for the pallid sturgeon, and the substantial quantities of information developed through the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program (PSPAP), the Habitat Assessment and Monitoring Program (HAMP), the Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project (CSRP), range-wide genetics databases, and related research studies. The reference database compiled for the EA consists of over 190 peer-reviewed documents specifically related to pallid sturgeon and over 12,000 references on the Missouri River system and related species.
\nNotwithstanding the large quantity of information available, the EA faces challenges in synthesizing the information into useful, quantitative models. In particular, critical demographic parameters for population models remain uncertain and the functional relationships between the two main categories of physical management action—changes in flow regime and reengineering channel form—and pallid sturgeon survival responses are obscure. In addition, there is an overarching uncertainty about how physical management actions interact with propagation management actions in view of evolving understanding of genetic structuring of the pallid sturgeon population. Synthesis efforts are also challenged by the fragmentation of information sources among projects and agencies; one objective of this report is to facilitate future assessments by providing documentation of what information is available and where.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151226","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri River Recovery Program","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Parsley, M.J., Annis, M.L., Colvin, M.E., Welker, T.L., and James, D.A.,\n2015, Science information to support Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon)\neffects analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1226, 78 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151226.","productDescription":"vii, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059606","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1226/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314738,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1226/ofr20151226.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1226"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -100.26123046875,\n 48.37084770238363\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -112.8076171875,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -112.60986328125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -102.06298828125,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 37.28279464911045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"
Director, USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
Knowledge of climatic variability at small spatial extents (< 50 km) is needed to assess vulnerabilities of biological reserves to climate change. We used empirical and modeled weather station data to test if climate change has increased the synchrony of surface air temperatures among 50 sites within the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) of the interior western United States. This important biological reserve is the largest protected area in the Lower 48 states and provides critical habitat for some of the world’s most iconic wildlife. We focused our analyses on temporal shifts and shape changes in the annual distributions of seasonal minimum and maximum air temperatures among valley-bottom and higher elevation sites from 1948–2012. We documented consistent patterns of warming since 1948 at all 50 sites, with the most pronounced changes occurring during the Winter and Summer when minimum and maximum temperature distributions increased. These shifts indicate more hot temperatures and less cold temperatures would be expected across the GYA. Though the shifting statistical distributions indicate warming, little change in the shape of the temperature distributions across sites since 1948 suggest the GYA has maintained a diverse portfolio of temperatures within a year. Spatial heterogeneity in temperatures is likely maintained by the GYA’s physiographic complexity and its large size, which encompasses multiple climate zones that respond differently to synoptic drivers. Having a diverse portfolio of temperatures may help biological reserves spread the extinction risk posed by climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0145060","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A.J., Tercek, M.T., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Ray, A., Thoma, D.P., Hossack, B.R., Pederson, G.T., Rodman, A., and Olliff, T., 2015, The shifting climate portfolio of the Greater Yellowstone Area: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 12, e0145060; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145060.","productDescription":"e0145060; 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065298","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145060","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n 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Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tercek, Mike T","contributorId":152351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tercek","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":18906,"text":"Walking Shadow Ecology, Gardiner, MT, 59030, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ray, Andrew","contributorId":101972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thoma, David P.","contributorId":45975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thoma","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rodman, Ann","contributorId":150932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodman","given":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Olliff, Tom","contributorId":152352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olliff","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18907,"text":"National Park Service, Intermountain Region Landscape Conservation and Climate Change Division, 2327 University Way, Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70162267,"text":"70162267 - 2015 - Invasion of American bullfrogs along the Yellowstone River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T09:05:57","indexId":"70162267","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-20T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":868,"text":"Aquatic Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasion of American bullfrogs along the Yellowstone River","docAbstract":"The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is a globally distributed invasive species that was introduced to the Yellowstone River floodplain of Montana. Knowledge about floodplain habitat features that allow for bullfrog persistence and spread will help identify effective control strategies. We used field surveys in 2010, 2012 and 2013 to describe bullfrog spread in the Yellowstone River floodplain and the habitat features that are associated with bullfrog occupancy and colonization. Bullfrogs in our study area expanded from ~ 60 km in 2010 to 106 km in 2013, and are spreading to up- and downstream habitats. The number of breeding sites (i.e., presence of bullfrog eggs or larvae) increased from 12 sites in 2010 to 45 sites in 2013. We found that bullfrogs were associated with deeper waters, emergent vegetation and public-access sites, which are habitat features that characterize permanent waters and describe human-mediated introductions. Control strategies that reduce the hydroperiod of breeding sites may help to limit bullfrog persistence and spread, while an increase in public outreach and education may help prevent further bullfrog introductions at public-access sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","doi":"10.3391/ai.2015.10.1.07","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A.J., Layhee, M.J., Stagliano, D., Chaffin, J., Begley, A., and Maxell, B.A., 2015, Invasion of American bullfrogs along the Yellowstone River: Aquatic Invasions, v. 10, no. 1, p. 69-77, https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2015.10.1.07.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-054064","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2015.10.1.07","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.86627197265625,\n 45.58713413436409\n ],\n [\n -108.86627197265625,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -107.09747314453125,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -107.09747314453125,\n 45.58713413436409\n ],\n [\n -108.86627197265625,\n 45.58713413436409\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0afade4b0961cf280dbf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam J. 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":150628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Layhee, Megan J. 0000-0003-1359-1455 mlayhee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-1455","contributorId":3955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layhee","given":"Megan","email":"mlayhee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stagliano, Dave","contributorId":152359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stagliano","given":"Dave","affiliations":[{"id":18912,"text":"Montana Natural Heritage Program, P.O. Box 201800, 1515 East Sixth Ave., Helena, MT 59620","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaffin, Jake","contributorId":152360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaffin","given":"Jake","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18913,"text":"Bureau of Land Management Montana/Dakotas State Office, 5001 Southgate Dr., Billings, MT 59101","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Begley, Allison","contributorId":152361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Begley","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18914,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, P.O. Box 200701, Helena, MT 59620","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maxell, Bryce A.","contributorId":100113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxell","given":"Bryce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70162214,"text":"70162214 - 2015 - Invaded invaders: Infection of invasive Brown Treesnakes on Guam by an exotic larval cestode with a life cycle comprised of non-native hosts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-19T08:28:57","indexId":"70162214","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-19T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invaded invaders: Infection of invasive Brown Treesnakes on Guam by an exotic larval cestode with a life cycle comprised of non-native hosts","docAbstract":"Multiple host introductions to the same non-native environment have the potential to complete life cycles of parasites incidentally transported with them. Our goal was to identify a recently detected parasitic flatworm in the invasive Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on the remote Pacific island of Guam. We considered possible factors influencing parasite transmission, and tested for correlations between infection status and potential indicators of host fitness. We used genetic data from the parasite and information about the native ranges of other possible non-native hosts to hypothesize how it arrived on Guam and how its life cycle may be currently supported.
\nWe identified the parasite by comparing larval morphology and mtDNA sequences with other Pseudophyllid tapeworms. We assessed probability of infection in individual snakes using logistic regression and examined different factors influencing presence of parasites in hosts.
\nWe identified the parasite as the pseudophyllid cestode Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, with all sampled worms from multiple snakes sharing a single mtDNA haplotype. Infection appears to be limited to the only freshwater watershed on the island, where infection prevalence was high (77.5%). Larger snakes had a higher probability of being infected, consistent with the chronic nature of such infections. While infection status was positively correlated with body condition, infected snakes tended to have lower intra-peritoneal fat body mass, potentially indicating a negative effect on energy stores.
\nWe discovered that B. irregularis inhabiting a small area of forested habitat in a freshwater watershed on Guam are often infected by a novel parasite of Asian origin. While further work is needed, this species of Spirometra, itself a non-native species, likely depends on a suite of recently introduced hosts from different parts of the world to complete the life cycle. This baseline study provides little evidence of any effects on host fitness, but additional data are needed to more thoroughly explore the consequences of infection in this invasive snake population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0143718","usgsCitation":"Holldorf, E., Siers, S.R., Richmond, J.Q., Klug, P.E., and Reed, R., 2015, Invaded invaders: Infection of invasive Brown Treesnakes on Guam by an exotic larval cestode with a life cycle comprised of non-native hosts: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 12, e0143718: 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143718.","productDescription":"e0143718: 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063527","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143718","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.60411071777344,\n 13.233261466546951\n ],\n [\n 144.60411071777344,\n 13.655328309840225\n ],\n [\n 144.97283935546872,\n 13.655328309840225\n ],\n [\n 144.97283935546872,\n 13.233261466546951\n ],\n [\n 144.60411071777344,\n 13.233261466546951\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f5e32e4b0961cf27fd169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holldorf, Elden T","contributorId":152311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holldorf","given":"Elden T","affiliations":[{"id":12728,"text":"Cherokee Services Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siers, Shane R.","contributorId":152305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siers","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klug, Page E. pklug@usgs.gov","contributorId":5545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klug","given":"Page","email":"pklug@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Robert 0000-0001-8349-6168 reedr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":152301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162213,"text":"70162213 - 2015 - Caveats for correlative species distribution modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-19T08:31:38","indexId":"70162213","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-19T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Caveats for correlative species distribution modeling","docAbstract":"Correlative species distribution models are becoming commonplace in the scientific literature and public outreach products, displaying locations, abundance, or suitable environmental conditions for harmful invasive species, threatened and endangered species, or species of special concern. Accurate species distribution models are useful for efficient and adaptive management and conservation, research, and ecological forecasting. Yet, these models are often presented without fully examining or explaining the caveats for their proper use and interpretation and are often implemented without understanding the limitations and assumptions of the model being used. We describe common pitfalls, assumptions, and caveats of correlative species distribution models to help novice users and end users better interpret these models. Four primary caveats corresponding to different phases of the modeling process, each with supporting documentation and examples, include: (1) all sampling data are incomplete and potentially biased; (2) predictor variables must capture distribution constraints; (3) no single model works best for all species, in all areas, at all spatial scales, and over time; and (4) the results of species distribution models should be treated like a hypothesis to be tested and validated with additional sampling and modeling in an iterative process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2015.06.007","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., Stohlgren, T.J., Kumar, S., Morisette, J.T., and Holcombe, T.R., 2015, Caveats for correlative species distribution modeling: Ecological Informatics, v. 29, no. 1, p. 6-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2015.06.007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066207","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f5e30e4b0961cf27fd165","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, Sunil","contributorId":84992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Sunil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holcombe, Tracy R. holcombet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcombe","given":"Tracy","email":"holcombet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162212,"text":"70162212 - 2015 - Stability of detectability over 17 years at a single site and other lizard detection comparisons from Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-19T08:38:15","indexId":"70162212","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-19T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of detectability over 17 years at a single site and other lizard detection comparisons from Guam","docAbstract":"To obtain quantitative information about population dynamics from counts of animals, the per capita detectabilities of each species must remain constant over the course of monitoring. We characterized lizard detection constancy for four species over 17 yr from a single site in northern Guam, a relatively benign situation because detection was relatively easy and we were able to hold constant the site, habitat type, species, season, and sampling method. We monitored two species of diurnal terrestrial skinks (Carlia ailanpalai [Curious Skink], Emoia caeruleocauda [Pacific Bluetailed Skink]) using glueboards placed on the ground in the shade for 3 h on rainless mornings, yielding 10,286 skink captures. We additionally monitored two species of nocturnal arboreal geckos (Hemidactylus frenatus [Common House Gecko]; Lepidodactylus lugubris [Mourning Gecko]) on the basis of 15,212 sightings. We compared these count samples to a series of complete censuses we conducted from four or more total removal plots (everything removed to mineral soil) totaling 400 m2(about 1% of study site) in each of the years 1995, 1999, and 2012, providing time-stamped quantification of detectability for each species. Unfortunately, the actual population trajectories taken by the four species were masked by unexplained variation in detectability. This observation of debilitating latent variability in lizard detectability under nearly ideal conditions undercuts our trust in population estimation techniques that fail to quantify venue-specific detectability, rely on pooled detection probability estimates, or assume that modulation in predefined environmental covariates suffices for estimating detectability.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/14-085","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G.H., Dean-Bradley, K., Campbell, E., Fritts, T.H., Lardner, B., Yackel Adams, A.A., and Reed, R., 2015, Stability of detectability over 17 years at a single site and other lizard detection comparisons from Guam: Journal of Herpetology, v. 49, no. 4, p. 513-521, https://doi.org/10.1670/14-085.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"521","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057632","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.60411071777344,\n 13.233261466546951\n ],\n [\n 144.60411071777344,\n 13.655328309840225\n ],\n [\n 144.97283935546872,\n 13.655328309840225\n ],\n [\n 144.97283935546872,\n 13.233261466546951\n ],\n [\n 144.60411071777344,\n 13.233261466546951\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f5e34e4b0961cf27fd16d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, Gordon H. roddag@usgs.gov","contributorId":3196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"Gordon","email":"roddag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean-Bradley, Kathryn","contributorId":152309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dean-Bradley","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18905,"text":"2016 Rosemont Drive, Landenberg, Pennsylvania, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Earl W. III","contributorId":84202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Earl W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritts, Thomas H.","contributorId":77204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lardner, Bjorn lardnerb@usgs.gov","contributorId":5546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lardner","given":"Bjorn","email":"lardnerb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A. 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":3116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reed, Robert N. reedr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert N.","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70162084,"text":"70162084 - 2015 - Long-term changes in nitrate conditions over the 20th century in two Midwestern Corn Belt streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T15:39:43","indexId":"70162084","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-13T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term changes in nitrate conditions over the 20th century in two Midwestern Corn Belt streams","docAbstract":"Long-term changes in nitrate concentration and flux between the middle of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century were estimated for the Des Moines River and the Middle Illinois River, two Midwestern Corn Belt streams, using a novel weighted regression approach that is able to detect subtle changes in solute transport behavior over time. The results show that the largest changes in flow-normalized concentration and flux occurred between 1960 and 1980 in both streams, with smaller or negligible changes between 1980 and 2004. Contrasting patterns were observed between (1) nitrate export linked to non-point sources, explicitly runoff of synthetic fertilizer or other surface sources and (2) nitrate export presumably associated with point sources such as urban wastewater or confined livestock feeding facilities, with each of these modes of transport important under different domains of streamflow. Surface runoff was estimated to be consistently most important under high-flow conditions during the spring in both rivers. Nitrate export may also have been considerable in the Des Moines River even under some conditions during the winter when flows are generally lower, suggesting the influence of point sources during this time. Similar results were shown for the Middle Illinois River, which is subject to significant influence of wastewater from the Chicago area, where elevated nitrate concentrations were associated with at the lowest flows during the winter and fall. By modeling concentration directly, this study highlights the complex relationship between concentration and streamflow that has evolved in these two basins over the last 50 years. This approach provides insights about changing conditions that only become observable when stationarity in the relationship between concentration and streamflow is not assumed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.062","usgsCitation":"Kelly, V.J., Stets, E., and Crawford, C.G., 2015, Long-term changes in nitrate conditions over the 20th century in two Midwestern Corn Belt streams: Journal of Hydrology, v. 525, p. 559-571, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.062.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"571","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059752","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.062","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314258,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa","city":"Keosaque, Peoria","otherGeospatial":"Des Moines River, Middle Illinois River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.01221466064453,\n 40.70380607385548\n ],\n [\n -92.01221466064453,\n 40.76676160346336\n ],\n [\n -91.9071578979492,\n 40.76676160346336\n ],\n [\n -91.9071578979492,\n 40.70380607385548\n ],\n [\n -92.01221466064453,\n 40.70380607385548\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.72396850585936,\n 40.602484146302096\n ],\n [\n -89.72396850585936,\n 40.76182096906601\n ],\n [\n -89.44656372070312,\n 40.76182096906601\n ],\n [\n -89.44656372070312,\n 40.602484146302096\n ],\n [\n -89.72396850585936,\n 40.602484146302096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"525","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56977530e4b039675d00a6c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Valerie J. vjkelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Valerie","email":"vjkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stets, Edward G. estets@usgs.gov","contributorId":3593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"Edward G.","email":"estets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70161998,"text":"70161998 - 2015 - Efficient wetland surface water detection and monitoring via Landsat: Comparison with in situ data from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-12T10:54:01","indexId":"70161998","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-11T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficient wetland surface water detection and monitoring via Landsat: Comparison with in situ data from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is developing new Landsat science products. One, named Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE), is focused on the representation of ground surface inundation as detected in cloud-/shadow-/snow-free pixels for scenes collected over the U.S. and its territories. Characterization of DSWE uncertainty to facilitate its appropriate use in science and resource management is a primary objective. A unique evaluation dataset developed from data made publicly available through the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) was used to evaluate one candidate DSWE algorithm that is relatively simple, requires no scene-based calibration data, and is intended to detect inundation in the presence of marshland vegetation. A conceptual model of expected algorithm performance in vegetated wetland environments was postulated, tested and revised. Agreement scores were calculated at the level of scenes and vegetation communities, vegetation index classes, water depths, and individual EDEN gage sites for a variety of temporal aggregations. Landsat Archive cloud cover attribution errors were documented. Cloud cover had some effect on model performance. Error rates increased with vegetation cover. Relatively low error rates for locations of little/no vegetation were unexpectedly dominated by omission errors due to variable substrates and mixed pixel effects. Examined discrepancies between satellite and in situ modeled inundation demonstrated the utility of such comparisons for EDEN database improvement. Importantly, there seems no trend or bias in candidate algorithm performance as a function of time or general hydrologic conditions, an important finding for long-term monitoring. The developed database and knowledge gained from this analysis will be used for improved evaluation of candidate DSWE algorithms as well as other measurements made on Everglades surface inundation, surface water heights and vegetation using radar, lidar and hyperspectral instruments. Although no other sites have such an extensive in situ network or long-term records, the broader applicability of this and other candidate DSWE algorithms is being evaluated in other wetlands using this work as a guide. Continued interaction among DSWE producers and potential users will help determine whether the measured accuracies are adequate for practical utility in resource management.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs70912503","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., 2015, Efficient wetland surface water detection and monitoring via Landsat: Comparison with in situ data from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network: Remote Sensing, v. 9, no. 7, p. 12503-12538, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70912503.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"12503","endPage":"12538","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066317","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70912503","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.331787109375,\n 24.831610355586918\n ],\n [\n -80.31280517578125,\n 24.831610355586918\n ],\n [\n -80.31280517578125,\n 26.561506704037942\n ],\n [\n -81.331787109375,\n 26.561506704037942\n ],\n [\n -81.331787109375,\n 24.831610355586918\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694d22de4b039675d005dc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159276,"text":"70159276 - 2015 - Accuracy assessment/validation methodology and results of 2010–11 land-cover/land-use data for Pools 13, 26, La Grange, and Open River South, Upper Mississippi River System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T10:53:38","indexId":"70159276","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-11T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5000,"text":"Long Term Resource Monitoring Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2015-T001","title":"Accuracy assessment/validation methodology and results of 2010–11 land-cover/land-use data for Pools 13, 26, La Grange, and Open River South, Upper Mississippi River System","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) was responsible for development of several land cover/land use (LCU) systemic datasets of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS). These efforts (1989 and 2000) were funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program (UMRR) Long Term Resource Monitoring (LTRM) element. Development of systemic datasets includes the acquisition, processing, and serving of high-resolution aerial photography and land cover/land use spatial datasets (http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/data_library/land_cover_use/land_cover_use_data.html). In 2008, the UMRR reached a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Region 3 to collect high-resolution digital imagery of the entire UMRS floodplain during 2010–11 for LTRM. The UMESC helped acquire, process, and serve this imagery, as well as produce and serve the 2010–11 LCU systemic dataset of the UMRS floodplain. Digital imagery for Pools 13, 26, La Grange, and Open River South was collected using an Applanix DSS 439 digital sensor system with a 40 millimeter lens and Color Infrared (CIR) filter. The imagery was collected at a resolution of 20 centimeters/pixel (8 inches/pixel) for Pool 13 and 40 centimeters/pixel (16 inches/pixel) for Pools 26, Open River South, and La Grange. All imagery was projected to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15, North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). The General Wetland Vegetation Classification (GWVC) system used for mapping is hierarchical, and its 31 classes can be collapsed into broader categories using either a 15- or 7-class level.
\nWhile the 1989 and 2000 LCU systemic datasets have not gone through a traditional thematic accuracy assessment (AA) in the past, nor have they undergone a validation analysis, the end products are of high quality. For each systemic dataset produced (1989, 2000, 2010–11), extensive field reconnaissance is performed before photointerpretation. The intent of this field reconnaissance is to learn, test, and verify image signatures as they relate to vegetation types. Questionable areas on the imagery are visited, and the plants or land features observed in the area are recorded for reference. This procedure verifies vegetation signatures on the imagery with those on the ground. In addition, once the photointerpretation is complete, the final LCU dataset undergoes extensive quality assurance/quality control to ensure the imagery is mapped correctly.
\nSince the 2000 LCU systemic dataset was developed, there has been a growing interest in completing thematic AAs for the LTRM LCU spatial datasets. The objective of an AA is to measure the probability that a particular location has been assigned its correct vegetation class. An AA estimates thematic (map class) errors in the data, giving users information needed to determine data suitability for a particular application. At the same time, data producers are able to learn more about the nature of errors in the data. Thus, the two attributes of an AA are “producers’ accuracy,” which is the probability that an AA point has been mapped correctly (also referred to as an error of omission); and “users’ accuracy,” which is the probability that the map actually represents what was found on the ground (also referred to as error of commission). Producers’ and users’ accuracies can be obtained from the same set of data by using different analyses.
\nAccuracy assessment is an extensive effort that requires seasonal field personnel and equipment, data entry, analyses, and post processing—tasks that are costly and time consuming. The geospatial team at the UMESC has suggested a validation process for understanding the accuracy of the spatial datasets, which will be tested on at least some areas of the UMRS. Validation is not a true verification of map-class type in the field; however, it can provide the user of the map with useful information that is similar to a field AA.
\nSimilar to an AA, validation involves generating random points based on the total area for each map class. However, instead of collecting field data, two or three individuals not involved with the photo-interpretative mapping separately review each of the points onscreen and record a best-fit vegetation type(s) for each site. Once the individual analyses are complete, results are joined together and a comparative analysis is performed. The objective of this initial analysis is to identify areas where the validation results were in agreement (matches) and areas where validation results were in disagreement (mismatches). The two or three individuals then perform an analysis, looking at each mismatched site, and agree upon a final validation class. (If two vegetation types at a specific site appear to be equally prevalent, the validation team is permitted to assign the site two best-fit vegetation types.) Following the validation team’s comparative analysis of vegetation assignments, the data are entered into a database and compared to the mappers’ vegetation assignments. Agreements and disagreements between the map and validation classes are identified, and a contingency table is produced. This document presents the AA processes/results for Pools 13 and La Grange, as well as the validation process/results for Pools 13 and 26 and Open River South.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Jakusz, J., Dieck, J., Langrehr, H., Ruhser, J., and Lubinski, S., 2015, Accuracy assessment/validation methodology and results of 2010–11 land-cover/land-use data for Pools 13, 26, La Grange, and Open River South, Upper Mississippi River System: Long Term Resource Monitoring Technical Report 2015-T001, vi, 46 p.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061221","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/ltrmp2015-t001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310199,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/ltrmp2015-t001/ltrm2015t001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"LTRMP TR2015-T001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River System","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-87.800477,42.49192],[-87.812461,42.232278],[-87.524844,41.691635],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-88.158207,37.664542],[-88.078046,37.532029],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.490068,37.067874],[-89.058036,37.188767],[-89.171881,37.068184],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.343753,36.630991],[-89.429311,36.481875],[-89.55264,36.577178],[-89.527029,36.341679],[-89.703511,36.243412],[-89.615128,36.113816],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-90.368718,35.995812],[-90.075934,36.281485],[-90.157136,36.484317],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.605734,39.122204],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-94.876344,39.806894],[-95.382957,40.027112],[-95.870481,40.71248],[-95.929889,41.415155],[-96.096186,41.547192],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.448134,43.104452],[-96.598396,43.495074],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.789572,46.639079],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-91.781928,46.697604],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.327548,46.550262],[-89.929158,46.29975],[-88.141001,45.930608],[-88.13364,45.823128],[-87.831442,45.714938],[-87.887828,45.358122],[-87.647454,45.345232],[-87.72796,45.207956],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, WI 54603
http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/
http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/ltrmp.html
Historical data for nine selected streamgages in southwest and south-central Kansas were used in an assessment of streamflow characteristics and trends. This information is required by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism to assist with the effective management of Etheostoma cragini (Arkansas darter) habitats and populations in the State. Changing streamflow conditions, such as a reduction or elimination of streamflow, may adversely affect the Arkansas darter. Priority basins for the Arkansas darter represented by the selected streamgages include the Cimarron River, Rattlesnake Creek, the North Fork Ninnescah River, the South Fork Ninnescah River, the Medicine Lodge River, and the Chikaskia River.
\nStreamflow conditions were assessed using annual streamflow characteristics computed for the period of record for each of the selected streamgages. Specific streamflow characteristics computed were mean discharge, mean base flow, 90th-percentile flow, 10th-percentile flow, minimum 7-day mean flow, minimum 28-day mean flow, number of days of flow less than 1 cubic foot per second, and number of zero-flow days.
\nTwo of the priority basins had statistically significant decreases in annual mean discharge during the period of record. In the Cimarron River Basin, there was a pronounced multidecadal decrease in the magnitude and variability of annual mean discharge. Concurrently, the percentage of the annual mean discharge that was contributed by base flow increased. In the Rattlesnake Creek Basin, there was a pre-1985 decrease in annual mean discharge. Typically, in these two basins, significant decreases were indicated for mean base flow, 90th-percentile flow, 10th-percentile flow, minimum 7-day mean flow, and minimum 28-day mean flow. No significant trend in annual mean discharge was indicated for the North Fork Ninnescah, South Fork Ninnescah, Medicine Lodge, and Chikaskia River Basins. For the Medicine Lodge and Chikaskia River Basins as well as the downstream part of the South Fork Ninnescah River Basin, a significant increase in mean base flow and 10th-percentile flow was indicated. Also, for the latter two basins, a significant increase was indicated for minimum 7-day mean flow.
\nFactors investigated to explain long-term trends in annual mean discharge, or lack thereof, included precipitation and groundwater withdrawals. Annual precipitation in the study area varied substantially from 1951 to 2013 with no pronounced long-term trend. Thus, a precipitation-related explanation for the significant decrease in annual mean discharge in the Cimarron River and Rattlesnake Creek Basins was not supported. Because the most pronounced decreases in annual mean discharge were in the basin with the largest groundwater-level declines (that is, the Cimarron River Basin), both in terms of magnitude and areal extent, it is likely that groundwater withdrawals were a primary, if not dominant, causative factor.
\nThe occurrence of extremely low-flow (less than 1 cubic foot per second) and zero-flow days varied by basin and year. Typically, such days occurred in the summer and autumn for all basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155167","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2015, Streamflow characteristics and trends at selected streamgages in southwest and south-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5167, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155167.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065381","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312557,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5167/sir20155167.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5167"},{"id":312556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5167/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.0465087890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -102.0465087890625,\n 38.69408504756833\n ],\n [\n -96.9488525390625,\n 38.69408504756833\n ],\n [\n -96.9488525390625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -102.0465087890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
http://ks.water.usgs.gov
The main component of this publication is a geologic map database prepared using geographic information system (GIS) applications. The geodatabase of geologic points, lines, and polygons was produced as a compilation from five adjoining map sections originally published as printed maps in 1987 (see references in metadata). Four of the sections (U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Maps MF–1957, MF–1958, MF–1959, MF–1960) were created by scanning and geo-referencing stable base map material consisting of mylar positives. The final section (MF–1956) was compiled by hand tracing an enlargement of the available printed paper base map onto mylar using a #00 rapidograph pen, the mylar positive was then digitally scanned and geo-referenced. This method was chosen because the original basemap materials (mylar positives) for the MF–1956 section were unavailable at the time of this publication. Due to the condition of the available MF–1956 map section used as the base (which had previously been folded) the accuracy within the boundary of the MF–1956 section is presumed to be degraded in certain areas. The locations of the degraded areas and the degree of degradation within these areas is unclear. Final compilation of the database was completed using the ArcScan toolset, and the Editor toolset in ESRI ArcMap 10.1. Polygon topology was created from the lines and labels were added to the resultant geological polygons, lines, and points. Joseph A. Bard and David W. Ramsey updated and corrected the geodatabase, created the metadata and web presence, and provided the GIS-expertise to bring the geodatabase and metadata to completion. Included are links to files to view or print the original map sheets and the accompanying pamphlets.
\nThe orignial geologic maps were prepared under the Geothermal Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey as a basis for interpreting the history of magmatic activity in the volcanic field. The San Francisco field, which is largely Pleistocene in age, is in northern Arizona, just north of the broad transition zone between the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range province. It is one of several dominantly basaltic volcanic fields of the late Cenozoic age situated near the margin of the Colorado Plateau. The volcanic field contains rocks ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite—the products of eruption through Precambrian basement rocks and approximately a kilometer of overlying, nearly horizontal, Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. About 500 km3 of erupted rocks cover about 5,000 km2 of predominantly Permian and locally preserved Triassic sedimentary rocks that form the erosionally stripped surface of the Colorado Plateau in Northern Arizona.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds961","usgsCitation":"Bard, J.A., Ramsey, D.W., Wolfe, E.W., Ulrich, G.E., Newhall, C.G., Moore, R.B., Bailey, N.G., and Holm, R.F., 2015, Database compilation for the geologic map of the San Francisco volcanic field, north-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 961, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds961","productDescription":"Database; Metadata; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053386","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313858,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/mf1956","text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1956","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the SP Mountain part of the San Francisco Volcanic Field, north-central Arizona"},{"id":313859,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/mf1957","text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1957","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the northwest part of the San Francisco Volcanic Field, north-central Arizona"},{"id":313860,"rank":10,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/mf1958","text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1958","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the southwest part of the San Francisco volcanic field, north-central Arizona"},{"id":313857,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0961/ds961_metadata_san_francisco_volcanic_field.txt","text":"San Francisco volcanic field"},{"id":314062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0961/ds961_database.zip","text":"Database","size":"162 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":313852,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0961/readme.txt"},{"id":313853,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0961/ds961_metadata_geolines.txt","text":"Geolines"},{"id":313854,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0961/ds961_metadata_geounits.txt","text":"Geounits"},{"id":313855,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0961/ds961_metadata_map_extents.txt","text":"Map extents"},{"id":313856,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0961/ds961_metadata_sample_points.txt","text":"Sample points"},{"id":313861,"rank":11,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/mf1959","text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1959","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the central part of the San Francisco Volcanic Field, north-central Arizona"},{"id":313862,"rank":12,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/mf1960","text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1960","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the east part of the San Francisco Volcanic Field, north-central Arizona"},{"id":399132,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103857.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.4161,\n 35.0761\n ],\n [\n -111.1189,\n 35.0761\n ],\n [\n -111.1189,\n 35.8411\n ],\n [\n -112.4161,\n 35.8411\n ],\n [\n -112.4161,\n 35.0761\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Hazards Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 904
Reston, VA 20192
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, and Argonne National Laboratory, completed a decision analysis to use in the evaluation of alternatives in the Environmental Impact Statement concerning the long-term management of water releases from Glen Canyon Dam and associated management activities. Two primary decision analysis methods, multicriteria decision analysis and the expected value of information, were used to evaluate the alternative strategies against the resource goals and to evaluate the influence of uncertainty.
\nA total of 18 performance metrics associated with 8 out of 12 resource goals (fundamental objectives) were developed by the Bureau of Reclamation and National Park Service in partnership with subject-matter teams composed of Federal, State, tribal, and private experts. A total of 19 long-term strategies associated with 7 alternatives were developed by the Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, Argonne National Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, and Cooperating Agencies. The 19 long-term strategies were evaluated against the 18 performance metrics using a series of coupled simulation models, taking into account the effects of several important sources of uncertainty. A total of 27 Federal, State, tribal, and nongovernmental agencies were invited by the Assistant Secretary of Interior to participate in a swing-weighting exercise to understand the range of perspectives about how to place relative value on the resource goals and performance metrics; 14 of the 27 chose to participate. The results of the swing-weighting exercise were combined with the evaluation of the alternatives to complete a multicriteria decision analysis. The effects of uncertainty on the ranking of long-term strategies were evaluated through calculation of the value of information.
\nThe alternatives and their long-term strategies differed across performance metrics, producing unavoidable tradeoffs; thus, there was no long-term strategy that was dominated by another across all performance metrics. When the performance of each alternative was weighted across performance metrics, three alternatives (B, D, and G) were top-ranked depending on the set of weights proposed: Alternative B was favored by those stakeholders that placed a high value on hydropower; Alternative G was favored by those stakeholders that placed a high value on the restoration of natural processes, like beachbuilding and natural vegetation; and Alternative D was favored by the remaining stakeholders. Surprisingly, these rankings were not sensitive to the critical uncertainties that were evaluated; that is, the choice of a preferred long-term strategy was sensitive to the value-based judgment about how to place relative weight on the resource goals but was not sensitive to the uncertainties in the system dynamics that were evaluated in this analysis. The one area of uncertainty that did slightly affect the ranking of alternatives was the long-term pattern of hydrological input; because of this sensitivity, some attention to the possible effects of climate change is warranted.
\nThe results of the decision analysis are meant to serve as only one of many sources of information that can be used to evaluate the alternatives proposed in the Environmental Impact Statement. These results only focus on those resource goals for which quantitative performance metrics could be formulated and evaluated; there are other important aspects of the resource goals that also need to be considered. Not all the stakeholders who were invited to participate in the decision analysis chose to do so; thus, the Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, and U.S. Department of Interior may want to consider other input.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, and Argonne National Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., LaGory, K.E., Russell, Kendra, Balsom, J.R., Butler, R.A., Coggins, L.G., Jr., Grantz, K.A., Hayse, John, Hlohowskyj, Ihor, Korman, Josh, May, J.E., O’Rourke, D.J., Poch, L.A., Prairie, J.R., VanKuiken, J.C., Van Lonkhuyzen, R.A., Varyu, D.R., Verhaaren, B.T., Vesekla, T.D., Williams, N.T., Wuthrich, K.K., Yackulic, C.B., Billerbeck, R.P., and Knowles, G.W., 2015, Decision analysis to support development of the Glen Canyon Dam Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5176, 64 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155176.","productDescription":"xi, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070238","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312032,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5176/sir20155176.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5176"},{"id":312031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5176/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -111.258544921875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -111.258544921875,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 35.074964853989556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
The U.S. Government created the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge (Kofa NWR) in 1939 in response to a citizen campaign to improve desert bighorn sheep populations in Arizona. The Kofa NWR is mountainous and remote, and its management by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) keeps anthropogenic disturbance levels low. As such, Partners In Flight (PIF) listed the Kofa NWR as one of its Sonoran Desert portfolio sites in its Desert Bird Conservation Plan (McCreedy and others, 2009). Research presented here demonstrates that bird communities within a well-managed and remote Sonoran Desert portfolio site can nonetheless be negatively affected by human-caused stressors like fire and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism, which originate from beyond the Kofa NWR’s boundaries.
\nIn chapter 1, we examine how avian productivity can be influenced by timing of nest initiation. We demonstrate that (1) late nesting dates are correlated with low winter precipitation levels, a condition expected to occur in greater frequency in coming decades due to climate change (Seager and others, 2007) and that (2) late nesting dates result in decreased productivity, due to higher rates of nest depredation and, in the case of an open-cup nesting species, higher rates of brood parasitism experienced later in the breeding season. The brood parasite, the Brown-headed Cowbird, appears to forage and roost on agricultural lands north of the Kofa NWR’s boundary. From that location, they commute to the refuge to parasitize other passerine bird nests. Drought and subsequent loss in primary production have been correlated with decreased productivity for birds that breed in arid habitats (Preston and Rotenberry, 2006; Chase and others, 2005; Johnson and others, 2002; Morrison and Bolger, 2002; Brown and Li, 1996; Anderson and Anderson, 1973), yet drought’s standing as a threat to bird populations has been underestimated in recent regional conservation planning efforts (McCreedy and others, 2009; Latta and others, 1999).
\nIn chapter 2, we examine the effects of the King Valley fire on breeding and migrant birds within the Kofa NWR. This fire was caused by incendiary weapons testing within Yuma Proving Ground, south of the Kofa NWRboundary (Esque and others, 2013). We found large differences in spring migrant and breeding species abundance and richness between bird count stations within the 2005 King Valley fire zone and bird count stations immediately outside the fire perimeter. Habitat loss to fire, and the subsequent slow regeneration of a Sonoran Desert flora that is not well adapted to fire disturbance, is a recognized threat to bird populations (McCreedy and others, 2009; Latta, 1999), and of all Sonoran Desert wildlife, birds may be the most impacted by loss of perennial Sonoran Desert vegetation to fire (Esque and Schwalbe, 2002). We conclude that decreases in both breeding and migrant use of washes within burned areas will likely persist into the long term (>25 years) due to slow return rates of xeroriparian woodlands lost in the fire.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151240","usgsCitation":"McCreedy, C., van Riper, C., III, Esque, T.C., and Darrah, A.J., 2015, Effects of drought and fire on bird communities of the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1240, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151240.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057555","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313109,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1240/ofr20151240.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1240 Report PDF"},{"id":313108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1240/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Kofa National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.27154541015625,\n 32.923402043498875\n ],\n [\n -114.27154541015625,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -113.72772216796875,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -113.72772216796875,\n 32.923402043498875\n ],\n [\n -114.27154541015625,\n 32.923402043498875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"SBSC staff, Southwest Biological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/
Charles van Riper III
ST Research Ecologist - Emeritus
USGS/Southwest Biological Science Center
520 North Park Avenue
University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ 85719
ph (520) 670-6671 ext 267
An understanding of historic and current water quality is needed to manage and improve aquatic communities within the Blackwater River watershed, WV. The Blackwater River, which historically offered an excellent Salvelinus fontinalis (Brook Trout) fishery, has been affected by logging, coal mining, use of off-road vehicles, and land development. Using information-theoretic methods, we examined trends in water quality at 12 sites in the watershed for the 14 years of 1980–1993. Except for Beaver Creek, downward trends in acidity and upward trends in alkalinity, conductivity, and hardness were consistent with decreases in hydrogen ion concentration. Water-quality trends for Beaver Creek were inconsistent with the other sites and reflect ongoing coal-mining influences. Dissolved oxygen trended downward, possibly due to natural conditions, but remained above thresholds that would be detrimental to aquatic life. Water quality changed only slightly within the watershed from 1980–1993, possibly reflecting few changes in development and land uses during this time. These data serve as a baseline for future water-quality studies and may help to inform management planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.014.sp711","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Welsh, S., Anderson, J.T., and Fortney, R.H., 2015, Water quality trends in the Blackwater River watershed, West Virginia: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 14, no. sp7, p. 103-111, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.014.sp711.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053509","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Blackwater River Watershed","volume":"14","issue":"sp7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568f8c3ce4b0e7a44bc5ec9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jessica","contributorId":152104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16210,"text":"Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":587831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fortney, Ronald H.","contributorId":37576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fortney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159806,"text":"ofr20151225 - 2015 - Paleoseismology of the Denali fault system at the Schist Creek site, central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-07T08:44:45","indexId":"ofr20151225","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-06T18:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1225","title":"Paleoseismology of the Denali fault system at the Schist Creek site, central Alaska","docAbstract":"Two hand-dug trenches at the Schist Creek site on the Denali fault system in central Alaska exposed evidence of four surface-rupturing earthquakes on the basis of upward terminations of fault strands and at least one buried, scarp-derived colluvial wedge. Limited radiocarbon ages provide some constraints on times of the ruptures. The youngest rupture (PE1) likely occurred about 200–400 years ago, the penultimate rupture (PE2) is younger than 1,200 years old, the third event back (PE3) occurred between 1,200 and 2,700 years ago, and the oldest rupture (PE4) occurred more than 2,700 and less than 17,000 years ago. Evidence for a possible additional rupture (PE4?) is equivocal and probably is related to earthquake PE4. On the basis of a nearby measured slip rate of 9.4 ± 1.6 millimeters per year and the long interevent times between our documented ruptures, we believe that our paleoseismic record at this site is incomplete. We suspect one undocumented earthquake between PE1 and PE2 and one or perhaps two more earthquakes between PE2 and PE3. We found stratigraphic evidence in the trenches for only four or possibly five (PE4?) earthquakes, but the addition of two or three inferred earthquakes yields a record of eight possible surface ruptures at the Schist Creek site. Our interpretation of the paleoseismic history at the site is consistent with recurrence intervals of several hundred years on this section of the Denali fault system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151225","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys and the University of Alaska–Fairbanks","usgsCitation":"Personius, S.F., Crone, A.J., Burns, P.A.C, and Rozell, Ned, 2015, Paleoseismology of the Denali fault system at the Schist Creek site, central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1225, 15 p., 1 oversize plate, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151225.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069007","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313022,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1225/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":313023,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1225/ofr20151225.pdf","text":"Report","size":"33.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1225"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Schist Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.568115234375,\n 63.35705629693301\n ],\n [\n -148.568115234375,\n 63.563229678512144\n ],\n [\n -148.128662109375,\n 63.563229678512144\n ],\n [\n -148.128662109375,\n 63.35705629693301\n ],\n [\n -148.568115234375,\n 63.35705629693301\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/
In 2001, tags applied to the federally endangered species cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus) to study their population dynamics were discovered strewn throughout the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) nesting colony on Anaho Island, Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Cui-ui are endemic to Pyramid Lake, and Anaho Island harbors one of North America’s largest nesting colonies of American White Pelican. Cui-ui are consumed by pelicans during the fish’s spring migration into the Truckee River to reproduce. The predatory success of pelican has been validated by determining the odds of finding a tag from a predated cui-ui within the Anaho Island nesting colony. It is unknown how many cui-ui tags are eliminated by birds before arrival to the colony versus how many are brought to the colony but never recovered. The focus of this study was to improve the estimate of the chances of collecting a tag from a predated adult cui-ui in the pelican nesting colony by feeding dead tagged Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to pelican and subsequently searching for these tags within the colony. We also randomly deployed 1,000 dispersal tags throughout the nesting colony, searching for these after one and two breeding seasons. After adding 1,027 fed fish to 547 previously fed fish, we estimated 5.3 percent of the tagged cui-ui taken by pelican were recovered during tag searches. A study of dispersal tags randomly deployed within the pelican nesting colony showed that 51.5 percent would be expected to be recovered after at least one breeding season after being deployed. Results of our studies indicate that more than 90 percent of tags from adult cui-ui are eliminated by birds outside the pelican nesting colony. Tags recovered from other species and the site at which they were tagged are also reported. Most notable were recovered Lahontan cutthroat trout tags, which were the highest in number, but their proximity to double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) nests suggests this species to be the primary predator. Tags from other species of fish came from as far as the Columbia River, Washington (about 600 kilometers). This study provides an important baseline for future tag recovery from the pelican nesting colony on Anaho Island and opens new questions to American White Pelican movement patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151242","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Scoppettone, G.G., Fabes, M.C., Rissler, P.H., and Withers, Donna, 2016, Fish tag recovery from Anaho Island nesting colony, Pyramid Lake, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1242, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151242.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 28 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068748","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313939,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1242/ofr20151242_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"15 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1242 Appendix A"},{"id":313938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1242/ofr20151242.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1242 PDF"},{"id":313937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1242/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Anaho Island, Pyramid Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.52301025390624,\n 39.94475254043076\n ],\n [\n -119.52301025390624,\n 39.964095972290416\n ],\n [\n -119.49743270874022,\n 39.964095972290416\n ],\n [\n -119.49743270874022,\n 39.94475254043076\n ],\n [\n -119.52301025390624,\n 39.94475254043076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/